Journal articles: 'Outdoor environments'

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Li, Jing, and Yu Liu. "Study on Design Strategies for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Cold Regions of China." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3798.

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Along with the improvement of dwelling quality, the length of time and frequency of outdoor activities in winter greatly increase in the north China area, although the outdoor thermal environments are still unsatisfactory. It is necessary for both planners and architects to improve outdoor thermal environments in the cold regions of north China. This paper firstly introduces the general winter climate features in some north China cities. Then, it takes Xi'an city as an example to show the shortage of uncomfortable outdoor environment. Thirdly, the design strategies to improve outdoors thermal comfort include wind and snow protection, sunlight usage, environmental zones and recreational facilities, etc. are discussed.

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Loebach, Janet, and Adina Cox. "Tool for Observing Play Outdoors (TOPO): A New Typology for Capturing Children’s Play Behaviors in Outdoor Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 5611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155611.

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Engagement in play has been definitively linked to the healthy development of children across physical, social, cognitive, and emotional domains. The enriched nature of high-quality outdoor play environments can afford a greater diversity of opportunities for play than indoor settings. To more effectively design outdoor play settings, we must better understand how the physical environment supports, or hinders, the different types of play which suit children’s needs and interests. However, play typologies or observation tools available to date do not adequately capture the unique characteristics of outdoor play. This paper outlines the development and testing of the Tool for Observing Play Outdoors (TOPO), a new typology of outdoor play, as well as a systematic field observational protocol which can be used to effectively depict children’s behaviors in outdoor spaces, as well as evaluate the play environment itself. The tool can be deployed in either a collapsed or expanded form to serve the needs of a wide range of studies and environments. This new tool represents a significant advance in the ability to fully and effectively study and plan outdoor play environments to provide more diverse, high-quality play settings that will support the healthy development of children across the spectrum.

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Rappe, Erja, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä, and Hannu Rita. "Visiting Outdoor Green Environments Positively Impacts Self-rated Health among Older People in Long-term Care." HortTechnology 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.1.0055.

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The restorative effects of nature in enhancing human well-being are well documented. However, the effects of exposure to a green environment on health in institutional settings have not been adequately studied. Our study describes the relationship between the reported frequency of visits to an outdoor green environment and self-rated health, including hindrances experienced during outdoor visits among older people living in a nursing home. Forty-five women assessed their health and answered a questionnaire containing the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) during an interview. A strong positive association was established between the reported frequency of visiting outdoors and self-rated health even when taking into account health-related distresses measured using the NHP (B = 0.235, P < 0.01). The main hindrances related to outdoor visits were lack of assistance and uncomfortable weather conditions. The results suggest that it might be possible to promote the well-being of older individuals living in nursing homes by providing them with opportunities to visit outdoor green environments. By increasing the accessibility and attractiveness of the outdoor environment, the frequency of outdoor visits could increase, resulting in better perceived health. Implementation of environmental interventions that facilitate year-round outdoor visits are recommended.

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Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, Rita. "LAUKO EDUKACINĖS ERDVĖS: IDĖJOS IR NAUJOS UGDYMO GALIMYBĖS [OUTDOOR EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS: IDEAS AND NEW EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES]." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 10, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/18.10.75.

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Educational environments – both natural, and internal, and virtual, digital – help to implement education content, motivate education process participants. Lithuanian students’ non-formal education centre has been working purposefully for eight years seeking for the outburst in the country schools creating educational environments and using them for educational needs. In this article impressions and discoveries are generalised, experienced participating in the national evaluation commission work of the Republic school educational environment contest of 2018 and recommendations are presented for the school outdoor educational environment creation and activity development. Corresponding to the aim, it was sought to answer the following questions: 1) Why is Republic school educational environment contest so important and what is its mission? 2) What are the tendencies of fostering and use of Lithuanian school outdoor educational environments for education? 3) What should be recommended for schools, willing to maximally use outdoor educational environments for educational purposes? Positive 33 school experience is discussed, creating outdoor educational environments and applying them for education. It is examined, why it is useful to have an outdoor educational environment plan; why outdoor classes are necessary and what they could be; what environments meant for games, languages, artistic education the researched schools have established; how outdoor educational environments are used for natural science education and so on. It is discussed, what else the visited schools lack in outdoor educational environments, how one should supplement them. Recommendations are given, what direction school communities should go, so that outdoor educational environments are maximally employed in the child’s education. Keywords: educational environments, educational needs, comprehensive school.

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Saorin, Jose Luis, Carlos Carbonell-Carrera, Allison J. Jaeger, and Dámari Melián Díaz. "Landscape Design Outdoor–Indoor VR Environments User Experience." Land 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020376.

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Virtual reality (VR) helps to visualize the spatial relationships between the different elements of the landscape in landscape architecture, allowing the user to feel the designed environment and navigate through it interactively. VR can be used to navigate spaces designed both indoors (inside a building) and outdoors (landscape). In the present research, the perception of the 3D environment during navigation was compared between indoor and outdoor virtual reality environments. The value of the user experience was measured with the Questionnaire on User eXperience in Immersive Virtual Environments, analyzing the presence, engagement, immersion, flow, skill, emotion, usability, technology adoption, judgment and experience consequence subscales. In overall self-reported user experience, results showed that the perception of the environment during navigation was higher in open VR environments than in closed ones. Regarding subscales, the existence of obstacles limits the freedom of movement, which causes a lesser sense of presence. A more fluid VR navigation also generates positive effects on the flow subscale. In outdoor environments, lighting generates shadows, which help in spatial perception and orientation tasks during navigation, which facilitates and increases the perception of immersion. In closed environments, light plays a less important role during navigation.

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Morales, Yoichi, and Takashi Tsubouchi. "2P2-C11 Vehicle Localization on Outdoor Woodland Environments." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2008 (2008): _2P2—C11_1—_2P2—C11_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2008._2p2-c11_1.

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Duchowny, Kate, Philippa Clarke, Nancy Ambrose Gallagher, Robert Adams, Andrea L. Rosso, and Neil B. Alexander. "Using Mobile, Wearable, Technology to Understand the Role of Built Environment Demand for Outdoor Mobility." Environment and Behavior 51, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517749256.

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Walking outdoors requires navigating a complex environment. However, no studies have evaluated how environmental barriers affect outdoor mobility in real time. We assessed the impact of the built environment on outdoor mobility, using mobile, wearable inertial measurement units. Data come from a convenience sample of 23 community-dwelling adults in Southeast Michigan. Participants walked a defined outdoor route where gait metrics were captured over a real-world urban environment with varying challenges. Street segments were classified as high versus low environmental demand using the Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool. Participants ranged in age from 22 to 74 years (mean age of 47 years). Outdoor gait speed was 0.3 m/s slower, and gait variability almost doubled, over the high- versus low-demand environments (coefficient of variability = 10.6% vs. 5.6%, respectively). This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of using wearable motion sensors to gather real-time mobility data in response to outdoor environmental demand. Findings contribute to the understanding of outdoor mobility by quantifying how real-world environmental challenges influence mobility in real time.

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Qian, Feng, and Li Yang. "The Green Building Environment of the Gymnasium." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.202.

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The natural ventilation of residential areas has placed more and more emphasis on residential area planning, according to the relationship between natural ventilation environments and the layout of architecture, we can reduce the energy consumption and the adverse effect of wind outdoors, improve the living environment and quality of life, making harmony between human and the nature. In this paper, we use Air-Pak to simulate the wind environment of residential areas. Through analyzing and simulating the air field which forms when the wind blows around the residential buildings by Air-Pak, we explain the advantage of the combination of computer simulation software and residential area planning. And we give some advice to the layout of the outdoor environment early in the residential planning area by the simulation of outdoor environments of buildings.

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Laze, Kuenda. "Assessing public perceptions about road lighting in five neighborhoods of Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i02.84.

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The light use was assessed in ten indoor and outdoor environments of Tirana, Albania, in November 2017. The five indoor environments presented one lecture hall, one library and three labs in a school environment. The five major streets of the capital city of Tirana presented outdoor environments. Questionnaires were respectively used to assess two criteria of “Vista” and “Visual comfort” of daylight in indoor environments and security, obstacle detection and visibility in outdoor environments. Lighting quality aspects of “Vista” were evaluated at a higher rank compared to “Visual comfort”. The approximately 87 and 60 percent of respondents respectively were not able to detect a pavement obstacle after the sunset (dark) or to distinguish a familiar face at a distance of 5 and 10 m in outdoor environments. Lighting was respectively inadequately comfort to 86 percent of users in five indoor environments. Road lighting after dark was not satisfactory to 60 percent of respondents in outdoor environments. These initial findings identify that lighting could generally be inadequate in indoor and outdoor environments in Tirana. Further research is required on the light use in built environments in Tirana, Albania.

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Winter, Stephan. "Indoor Spatial Information." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2012010102.

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Geographic Information Science focuses traditionally on spatial information of geographic scale and associates this per default with outdoor environments. Systems, databases and models are designed for this primary purpose. In this paper, the author discusses the geographic information requirements in indoor environments and, in particular, their differences to ‘outdoor’ geographic information. The main difference, as argued, is that the third dimension is an essential factor for indoor spatial information, while this is not necessarily so for outdoor information. As a consequence, information technology designed for outdoors is not necessarily fit to model, analyze or communicate about indoor space.

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Harley, Stephanie K., and David H. Sliney. "Pupil Size in Outdoor Environments." Health Physics 115, no. 3 (September 2018): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000000887.

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Dietrich, Kelsey Madison, and Maria Gabriela Bidart. "Hatha Yoga Improves Psychophysiological Responses of College Students in Both Indoor and Outdoor Environments." OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 06, no. 04 (July 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.2104046.

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College students experience increased stress levels that could predispose them to develop mental and physical health conditions throughout adulthood. Yoga is an ancient mind-body practice including breath techniques, body exercises, and meditation that may be a useful strategy for enhancing college student health. Likewise, exposure to nature has been shown to have beneficial impacts on human health. This study investigates physiological and psychological responses of college students to yoga practiced in outdoor versus indoor environments. Fifty-eight college females between the ages of 18-28 were randomly assigned to complete a 40-minute Hatha yoga session either indoors (empty classroom) or outdoors (green park) at a mid-sized public university. Heart rate, respiration rate, perfusion index, and positive and negative affect states were recorded pre/post yoga. Heart rate, respiration rate, and negative affect significantly improved after the yoga sessions in both indoor and outdoor environments. Baseline self-reported negative affect was significantly lower in the outdoor group compared to the indoor group. There were no significant interaction effects of yoga and environment. This study suggests that one 40-minute-session of Hatha yoga may be a useful method to alleviate acute signs of physiological stress and decrease negative affect for college females in both indoor and outdoor environments. Further research about potential synergistic effects of yoga and exposure to nature is warranted to better understand whether the environment in which yoga is practiced could enhance the benefits of this mind-body modality on health.

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Shelton, Brian G., Kimberly H. Kirkland, W. Dana Flanders, and George K. Morris. "Profiles of Airborne Fungi in Buildings and Outdoor Environments in the United States." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1743-1753.2002.

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ABSTRACT We examined 12,026 fungal air samples (9,619 indoor samples and 2,407 outdoor samples) from 1,717 buildings located across the United States; these samples were collected during indoor air quality investigations performed from 1996 to 1998. For all buildings, both indoor and outdoor air samples were collected with an Andersen N6 sampler. The culturable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. The fungal levels were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter and spring. Geographically, the highest fungal levels were found in the Southwest, Far West, and Southeast. The most common culturable airborne fungi, both indoors and outdoors and in all seasons and regions, were Cladosporium, Penicillium, nonsporulating fungi, and Aspergillus. Stachybotrys chartarum was identified in the indoor air in 6% of the buildings studied and in the outdoor air of 1% of the buildings studied. This study provides industrial hygienists, allergists, and other public health practitioners with comparative information on common culturable airborne fungi in the United States. This is the largest study of airborne indoor and outdoor fungal species and concentrations conducted with a standardized protocol to date.

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Aziz, Nor Fadzila, and Ismail Said. "The Trends and Influential Factors of Children’s Use of Outdoor Environments: A Review." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 2, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i5.226.

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In the past two decades, there has been a raft of research on children’s behaviour and their interaction with outdoor environment. The aim of this paper is to present a synthesis of 30 studies from 1985 to 2010 on children’s use of outdoor environments. The aspects taken into consideration include methodological issues and factors that influence the use of outdoor environments. The trends of the studies are discussed. In summary, the children’s place preferences and play behaviours in the outdoor environments are influenced by their developmental needs, individual, physical and social factors. Keywords: Children, outdoor environments; influential factors; Ecological Model eISSN 2514-751X © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Wang, Changqiang, Aigong Xu, Xin Sui, Yushi Hao, Zhengxu Shi, and Zhijian Chen. "A Seamless Navigation System and Applications for Autonomous Vehicles Using a Tightly Coupled GNSS/UWB/INS/Map Integration Scheme." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010027.

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Seamless positioning systems for complex environments have been a popular focus of research on positioning safety for autonomous vehicles (AVs). In particular, the seamless high-precision positioning of AVs indoors and outdoors still poses considerable challenges and requires continuous, reliable, and high-precision positioning information to guarantee the safety of driving. To obtain effective positioning information, multiconstellation global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) real-time kinematics (RTK) and an inertial navigation system (INS) have been widely integrated into AVs. However, integrated multi-GNSS and INS applications cannot provide effective and seamless positioning results for AVs in indoor and outdoor environments due to limited satellite availability, multipath effects, frequent signal blockages, and the lack of GNSS signals indoors. In this contribution, multi-GNSS-tightly coupled (TC) RTK/INS technology is developed to solve the positioning problem for a challenging urban outdoor environment. In addition, ultrawideband (UWB)/INS technology is developed to provide accurate and continuous positioning results in indoor environments, and INS and map information are used to identify and eliminate UWB non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. Finally, an improved adaptive robust extended Kalman filter (AREKF) algorithm based on a TC integrated single-frequency multi-GNSS-TC RTK/UWB/INS/map system is studied to provide continuous, reliable, high-precision positioning information to AVs in indoor and outdoor environments. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is capable of seamlessly guaranteeing the positioning accuracy of AVs in complex indoor and outdoor environments involving many measurement outliers and environmental interference effects.

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Madsen, Louise S., Claus V. Nielsen, John L. Oliffe, and Charlotte Handberg. "Navigating a Middle Ground - Exploring Health Professionals’ Experiences and Perceptions of Providing Rehabilitation in Outdoor Community Settings." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320951771.

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Contemporary practice has started to rethink use of outdoor and community environments for advancing comprehensive rehabilitation outcomes. The aim is to examine health professionals’ experiences and perceptions of providing rehabilitation in outdoor community settings. The purpose is to use these experiences to generate practice-based knowledge in using the outdoors as a means to guide community-based rehabilitation. The Interpretive Description methodology was accompanied by social practice theory. Fieldwork was conducted utilizing participant observation, photovoice, and focus-group interviews. Included were 27 health professionals. The analysis revealed how “naturalistic learning opportunities” offered health professionals strategies to empower activity and participation levels and yet invoked “rehabilitation setting tensions.” A continuum was engaged in the theme “navigating a middle ground,” representing an integrated environment approach; rehabilitation in conventional indoor and outdoor community settings. Development of a sustainable concept for outdoor community-based rehabilitation involves strengthening health professionals’ competencies and skills for providing outdoor and community work.

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Hyodo, Kazuyuki, Sadayoshi Mikami, and Sho’ji Suzuki. "Outdoor Environments Walking by Biped Passive Dynamic Walker with Constraint Mechanism." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 3 (June 20, 2010): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0363.

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This paper verified the stability of passive dynamic bipedal walking indoors and outdoors using a foot shape enhancing walking stability and implementing control constraint. Outdoor walking is difficult for walkers due to the unpredictable aspects of loose slopes, bumpy surfaces, and uneven friction on roads.

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Moreira, Mariana, Rita Cordovil, Frederico Lopes, Brenda M. S. Da Silva, and Guida Veiga. "The Relationship between the Quality of Kindergartens’ Outdoor Physical Environment and Preschoolers’ Social Functioning." Education Sciences 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100661.

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The ability to initiate and engage in relationships is a critical landmark and predictor of children’s development and well-being. In kindergarten, children exhibit greater social participation outdoors rather than indoors. Indeed, the physical environment influences preschoolers’ social proximity. In this study, we examine the relationship between the quality of kindergartens’ outdoor physical environment and preschoolers’ social functioning. Two kindergartens in Gondomar, Portugal, were selected to participate according to different levels of their physical environment outdoors (poor and fair quality) and measured by a specific physical environment rating scale. Twenty-six children (aged 3–6, 10 boys) participated in this study. Children’s social proximity at the playground was measured through Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID). Mann–Whitney statistical tests were used to compare social proximity between groups. Our results showed that in the higher quality outdoor area, children spent less time alone and more time in social proximity with their peers in smaller groups (one or two children). More time was also spent in social proximity with different genders. Our study emphasizes the critical importance of reviewing kindergartens’ outdoor physical environments to support preschoolers’ social needs in a more challenging and diverse setting.

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Seidlerova, Zuzana, Tereza Kubasova, Marcela Faldynova, Magdalena Crhanova, Daniela Karasova, Vladimir Babak, and Ivan Rychlik. "Environmental Impact on Differential Composition of Gut Microbiota in Indoor Chickens in Commercial Production and Outdoor, Backyard Chickens." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050767.

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In this study, we compared the caecal microbiota composition of egg-laying hens from commercial production that are kept indoors throughout their whole life with microbiota of hens kept outdoors. The microbiota of outdoor hens consisted of lower numbers of bacterial species than the microbiota of indoor hens. At the phylum level, microbiota of outdoor hens was enriched for Bacteroidetes (62.41 ± 4.47% of total microbiota in outdoor hens and 52.01 ± 6.27% in indoor hens) and Proteobacteria (9.33 ± 4.99% in outdoor and 5.47 ± 2.24% in indoor hens). On the other hand, Firmicutes were more abundant in the microbiota of indoor hens (33.28 ± 5.11% in indoor and 20.66 ± 4.41% in outdoor hens). Horizontally transferrable antibiotic resistance genes tetO, tet(32), tet(44), and tetW were also less abundant in the microbiota of outdoor hens than indoor hens. A comparison of the microbiota composition at the genus and species levels pointed toward isolates specifically adapted to the two extreme environments. However, genera and species recorded as being similarly abundant in the microbiota of indoor and outdoor hens are equally as noteworthy because these represent microbiota members that are highly adapted to chickens, irrespective of their genetics, feed composition, and living environment.

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Chen, Chongxian, Weijing Luo, Ning Kang, Haiwei Li, Xiaohao Yang, and Yu Xia. "Study on the Impact of Residential Outdoor Environments on Mood in the Elderly in Guangzhou, China." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093933.

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Understanding the relationship between mood and the environment among the elderly is important for the healthy aging agenda. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between residential outdoor environments of different qualities and mood in the elderly. Nine residential neighborhoods across three different quality levels of the outdoor environment in Guangzhou, China, were surveyed. Measures included demographic characteristics, assessment of the residential outdoor environment, and mood status of the elderly. We constructed a group of multiple regression models to investigate influencing environmental factors of participants’ mood. Results revealed that the environmental factors influencing mood in the elderly are different across the three types of residential outdoor environments: function and cleanliness of the site showed a significant correlation with mood in high-quality residences, while pavement was significantly correlated with mood in medium-quality residences. In contrast, transparency, enclosure, greenness, temperature, and humidity were significantly correlated with mood in poor-quality residences. To promote mental health in the elderly, we recommend that different qualities of residential outdoor environments should be considered individually rather than aggregated as simply “outdoor space.” The findings of this study are expected to contribute to create age-friendly communities for an aging society.

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Fernández, L., L. Payá, O. Reinoso, L. M. Jiménez, and M. Ballesta. "A Study of Visual Descriptors for Outdoor Navigation Using Google Street View Images." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1537891.

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A comparative analysis between several methods to describe outdoor panoramic images is presented. The main objective consists in studying the performance of these methods in the localization process of a mobile robot (vehicle) in an outdoor environment, when a visual map that contains images acquired from different positions of the environment is available. With this aim, we make use of the database provided by Google Street View, which contains spherical panoramic images captured in urban environments and their GPS position. The main benefit of using these images resides in the fact that it permits testing any novel localization algorithm in countless outdoor environments anywhere in the world and under realistic capture conditions. The main contribution of this work consists in performing a comparative evaluation of different methods to describe images to solve the localization problem in an outdoor dense map using only visual information. We have tested our algorithms using several sets of panoramic images captured in different outdoor environments. The results obtained in the work can be useful to select an appropriate description method for visual navigation tasks in outdoor environments using the Google Street View database and taking into consideration both the accuracy in localization and the computational efficiency of the algorithm.

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Lee, S., C. Lee, and S. Rodiek. "FEAR OF OUTDOOR FALLING AND OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS AMONG ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS BY OUTDOOR USAGE." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy031.3473.

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Nomoto, Akihisa, Yoshito Takahashi, Yoshiichi Ozeki, Masayuki Ogata, and Shin-ichi Tanabe. "Prediction of physiological exertion in hot environments using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102058.

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In recent years, the outdoor summer environment in Japan has become progressively warmer due to the severity of the heat island phenomenon. The danger of heat stroke and thermal comfort outdoors in summer are regarded as problems. In order to evaluate these problems, it is important to evaluate physiological exertion in the human body. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of predicting physiological exertion in the human body with high accuracy in an outdoor environment during summer using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model developed by our research group. First, the Japanese metabolic rate in summer and autumn was measured for various activities, including sitting, standing, and walking. As a result, we found that the metabolic rate during sitting and standing was lower by about 10% in summer than in autumn. Next, using the obtained metabolic rate measurement as an input to the model, the experiment in an outdoor environment during summer was reproduced using JOS-2. The accuracy of the predicted mean skin temperature and local skin wettedness in an outdoor environment during summer was improved by choosing the appropriate input to the model.

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Oscar F. Aviles et al.,, Oscar F. Aviles et al ,. "Indoor , Outdoor Characterization for WLAN Environments." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 14747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun20201403.

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Li, Kejiong, John Bigham, Eliane L. Bodanese, and Laurissa Tokarchuk. "Outdoor Location Estimation in Changeable Environments." IEEE Communications Letters 17, no. 11 (November 2013): 2072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.092813.131427.

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Phongphanphanee, C., T. Mitchell, and R. Steele. "DECT coverage of indoor-outdoor environments." IEEE Communications Letters 3, no. 6 (June 1999): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.769516.

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LU, ZHEYUAN, ZHENCHENG HU, and KEIICHI UCHIMURA. "SLAM ESTIMATION IN DYNAMIC OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 07, no. 02 (June 2010): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984361000212x.

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This paper describes and compares three different approaches to estimate simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in dynamic outdoor environments. SLAM has been intensively researched in recent years in the field of robotics and intelligent vehicles, many approaches have been proposed including occupancy grid mapping method (Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer and Fuzzy Logic), Localization estimation method (edge or point features based direct scan matching techniques, probabilistic likelihood, EKF, particle filter). In this paper, a number of promising approaches and recent developments in this literature have been reviewed firstly in this paper. However, SLAM estimation in dynamic outdoor environments has been a difficult task since numerous moving objects exist which may cause bias in feature selection problem. In this paper, we proposed a possibilistic SLAM with RANSAC approach and implemented with three different matching algorithms. Real outdoor experimental result shows the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

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Bengtsson, Anna, and Gunilla Carlsson. "Outdoor Environments at Three Nursing Homes." Journal of Housing For the Elderly 19, no. 3-4 (October 2006): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j081v19n03_04.

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Oğuz, Oğuzcan, Ateş Akaydın, Türker Yılmaz, and Uğur Güdükbay. "Emergency crowd simulation for outdoor environments." Computers & Graphics 34, no. 2 (April 2010): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2009.12.004.

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Pedersen, K. I., P. E. Mogensen, and B. H. Fleury. "Power azimuth spectrum in outdoor environments." Electronics Letters 33, no. 18 (1997): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971029.

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Nüchter, Andreas, Kai Lingemann, Joachim Hertzberg, and Hartmut Surmann. "6D SLAM-3D mapping outdoor environments." Journal of Field Robotics 24, no. 8-9 (August 2007): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.20209.

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Liu, Dawei, and Moon-Chuen Lee. "Mobility enhanced localization in outdoor environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2008): 1270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.681.

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Nel, Anca, Ina Joubert, and Cycil Hartell. "Teachers’ perceptions on the design and use of an outdoor learning environment for sensory and motor stimulation." South African Journal of Childhood Education 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v7i1.482.

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<p><span>This qualitative study makes recommendations to help teachers understand how an outdoor learning environment could be designed and used to enrich perceptual development through sensory and motor stimulation for the Grade R learner. This was done by establishing design principles that create better teaching and learning environments from the perspective of Grade R educators in the South African context. Three purposively selected case studies (preschools) enabled the collection of data using collection methods such as photos, video clips, interviews and observations. Content analysis was conducted and four themes emerged: contradictory perspectives on outdoor learning environments, outdoor play is valuable, creating the ideal outdoor learning environment and increased deficiency of sensory and motor development among Grade R learners. Findings of the study aid educators and other professionals to create a valuable outdoor learning environment for sensory and motor stimulation of Grade R learners.</span></p>

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Kroth, N., G. D. Cozzer, G. de Carvalho, A. S. Cassol, J. Breaux, J. A. Lutinski, M. A. Busato, W. A. Roman Junior, José Junior dos Santos, and D. Albeny-Simões. "Oviposition preferences of the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae): an urban environment bioassay." Bulletin of Entomological Research 109, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531900021x.

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AbstractThe establishment of an invasive species depends on reproductive success and dispersion capability in the new environment. One of the striking examples of invasion in urban environments is the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae). The success of this species is primarily attributed to its ability to colonize urban environments, and some of the important adaptive strategies associated with this ability is the preference for humans as a blood source and intense occupation of residential (indoor) environments. This study evaluated the effects of location (indoor vs. outdoor) and water nutrient level (% organic matter) on the oviposition preference of A. aegypti in an urban environment. We used oviposition choice experiments to evaluate mosquito oviposition in containers holding 1:1 vs 1:0 ratios of water: organic matter placed indoors and outdoors. Eggs were sampled once per week for nine weeks. Our results revealed a strong oviposition preference for outdoor containers, with a significant preference for containers with higher concentrations of organic matter during the fifth to ninth weeks. However, mosquitoes occupying indoor environments did not prefer to lay eggs in containers with lower levels of organic matter. A better understanding of the preferences of A. aegypti regarding the nutrient level and location of oviposition containers can increase our understanding of the behavioral factors allowing mosquitoes to utilize anthropogenic environments.

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Johannessen, Kjersti, Elisabeth Bjørnestad, Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen, Einar Ylvisåker, Merete Nornes-Nymark, Mari Engeseter, Lillian Pedersen, and Eivind Aadland. "Associations for preschool environmental quality with outdoor time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in Norwegian preschools." Journal for Research in Arts and Sports Education 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/jased.v4.2485.

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Various aspects of the preschool environment may either promote or restrict children’s moderate- to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), for example through opportunities for outdoor play. The aim of the present study was to determine associations for preschool environmental quality with outdoor time and MVPA in preschoolers. In total, 358 Norwegian 2–6-year-old children had 1–3 valid 14-day periods of accelerometer-determined MVPA (ActiGraph GT3X+) and corresponding logs of preschool outdoor time collected during 2015–2016. The children were enrolled in 30 different preschool departments for which we assessed environmental quality using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R). Associations for preschool quality with outdoor time and MVPA were determined using multivariate pattern analysis. We found strong inverse associations between preschool quality and outdoor time (51.4 % explained variance), and weak inverse associations between preschool quality and MVPA (5.4 % explained variance). Associations were strongest for the “Space and Furnishings”, “Personal Care Routines”, “Language-Reasoning”, and “Interaction” subscales of ECERS-R, in particular for aspects of safety practices. Children enrolled in departments rated as high quality spent less time outdoors and less time in MVPA. Thus, recognized quality aspects of preschool environments, in particular safety practices, might restrict children’s movement opportunities.

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Thomas, John Richard, M. Vishnu Sreejith, Usha K. Aravind, S. K. Sahu, P. G. Shetty, M. Swarnakar, R. A. Takale, Gauri Pandit, and C. T. Aravindakumar. "Outdoor and indoor natural background gamma radiation across Kerala, India." Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, no. 1 (2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00033k.

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The average annual outdoor background radiation dosage across the study area was ∼two times greater than the world average. Higher radiation dosage was observed in indoor environments than outdoors in the majority of the sampling locations.

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Lam, Chung, and Huairui Guo. "Accelerated Life Test Modeling of Outdoor Optical Products with Time-Varying Multi-Stresses." Journal of the IEST 51, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.51.2.g751061r06t68867.

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The long-term performance prediction of optical products deployed outdoors is important. The accuracy of the prediction directly affects warranty cost calculations. In indoor environments, products are generally operated under controlled temperature and humidity. However, products outdoors usually experience multiple stresses that continuously vary with time. An outdoor-use optical product, such as a fiber distribution hub cabinet with splitters, connectors, and fan-outs built in, will experience temperature cycling effects and varying humidity. Therefore, time-varying temperature and humidity are considered as major stresses acting on outdoor-use optical products. This study proposes a practical method that uses design of experiment (DOE) techniques and generalized log-linear (GLL) life-stress relationship to predict the life of outdoor optical products. The proposed method can consider the cumulative damage caused by time-varying temperature and humidity and was applied to predict the warranty return of an outdoor optical product.

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Noseworthy, Matt, Luke Peddie, E. Jean Buckler, Faith Park, Margaret Pham, Spencer Pratt, Arpreet Singh, Eli Puterman, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose. "The Effects of Outdoor versus Indoor Exercise on Psychological Health, Physical Health, and Physical Activity Behaviour: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031669.

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A growing body of research is exploring the potential added health benefits of exercise when performed outdoors in nature versus indoors. This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of exercise in outdoor environments versus indoor environments on psychological health, physical health, and physical activity behaviour. We searched nine databases from inception to March 2021 for English language, peer-reviewed articles: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, GreenFile, and CENTRAL. We included randomized and non-randomized trials that compared multiple bouts of exercise in outdoor versus indoor environments, and that assessed at least one outcome related to physical health, psychological health, or physical activity behaviour. Due to minimal outcome overlap and a paucity of studies, we performed a narrative synthesis. We identified 10 eligible trials, including 7 randomized controlled trials, and a total of 343 participants. Participant demographics, exercise protocols, and outcomes varied widely. In the 10 eligible studies, a total of 99 comparisons were made between outdoor and indoor exercise; all 25 statistically significant comparisons favoured outdoor exercise. Interpretation of findings was hindered by an overall high risk of bias, unclear reporting, and high outcome heterogeneity. There is limited evidence for added health or behaviour benefits of outdoor exercise versus indoor exercise. Rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed with larger samples and clear reporting.

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Szczepanski, Anders. "Platsens betydelse för lärande och undervisning – ett utomhuspedagogiskt perspektiv." Nordic Studies in Science Education 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2013): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.623.

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The study describes how 19 teachers linked to preschool and comprehensive school experience the importance of place for learning and teaching in an outdoor educational context. The methodological approach is phenomenographic. The semi-structured interviews are based on pictorial material intended to illustrate different physical learning environments. Nine categories and four place-related perspectives can be distinguished. The result shows that there is sometimes a didactic uncertainty around places for teaching and learning outside the classroom walls. The availability of different places in the outdoors, a woodland environment and natural materials is seen as meaningful complements in teaching. Town settings, parks and industrial landscapes are to a lesser degree perceived as learning environments. The study shows the experience of teachers using other contexts for learning and teaching than the classroom. Outdoor education is experienced as a place-related toolkit with opportunities to integrate different subjects and anchor teaching in the real world.

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Su, Chih Chun, Sai Chih Pan, and Shih Feng Lin. "A Field Study on Thermal Comfort of Traditional Metal Processing Factories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.443.

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A traditional metal processing factory is a hot workplace. Previously, the rationality of the work-rest time regimen and the hazard of workload on employee health have been evaluated; however, thermal comfort of workers in such a hot workplace has not been discussed. This paper uses the standard new effective temperature as the thermal environment index to investigate the neutral temperature, preferred temperature, and comfortable temperature range. The doors and windows in traditional metal processing factories are always open; therefore, the neutral temperature is almost the same as the neutral temperature in semi-outdoor and outdoor environments. In addition, the preferred temperature is slightly higher than the neutral temperature. We also discovered that the comfortable temperature range in traditional metal processing factories is larger than that in office environments, but smaller than that in semi-outdoor and outdoor environments.

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Schabus, Stefan, Johannes Scholz, and Thomas Lampoltshammer. "Mapping Parallels between Outdoor Urban Environments and Indoor Manufacturing Environments." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6, no. 9 (September 6, 2017): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6090281.

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Hamed, Safa Abdel-Kader Mohamed, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Hayssam M. Ali, and Kareem Mohamed El-Sayed Ahmed. "Investigating the impact of weathering and indoor aging on wood acidity using spectroscopic analyses." BioResources 15, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 6506–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6506-6525.

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A new perspective on the effect of unconditioned indoor (especially storage areas) and outdoor environments on wood acidity is provided in this work. A comparison between the quantity and types of the organic acids formed in the unconditioned indoor environment and different outdoor environments was made. Moreover, the acidity of some wood samples due to different environmental conditions was determined using a pH meter and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to detect the changes in wood components at the molecular level due to environmental conditions. The results suggest that the unconditioned indoor environment was more aggressive than the outdoor environment with respect to wood deterioration. The polluted atmosphere increased the wood acidity and motivated polysaccharide breakdown.

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Lee, Sungmin, Chanam Lee, and Susan Rodiek. "Outdoor exposure and perceived outdoor environments correlated to fear of outdoor falling among assisted living residents." Aging & Mental Health 24, no. 12 (July 31, 2019): 1968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1647139.

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Gou, Zhonghua, Maryam Khoshbakht, and Behnam Mahdoudi. "The Impact of Outdoor Views on Students’ Seat Preference in Learning Environments." Buildings 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8080096.

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A Good learning environment should support students’ choices and attract them to stay. Focusing on outdoor views, this research explores two questions: How important outdoor views are in seat selection in learning environments? How do the view elements influence students’ seating behaviors in learning environments? A seat preference survey and view elements and occupancy rate measurements were conducted in a university library building in Gold Coast, Australia. This study not only echoes the previous research indicating that territory and privacy are important factors for choosing seats in a learning environment; more importantly, this study contributes to the literature with evidence that outdoor views might be an important factor for seat preference. Specifically, sky views and shading views were found positively related to occupancy rate. Based on this point, open views with appropriate shading were found as an optimal outdoor view composition. The singularity of greenery views would less likely be attractive to building occupants.

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Chand, Aneesh N., and Shin’ichi Yuta. "Autonomous Pedestrian Push Button Activation by Outdoor Mobile Robot in Outdoor Environments." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0484.

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The authors have developed an outdoor mobile robot that has the ability to cross roads at an intersection or pedestrian crossing fully autonomously while traveling along sidewalks in an urban environment. This gives the robot the capability to travel longer and complex routes as the robot is able to cross a road and continue with its path. The developed robot has the unique ability to autonomously approach and activate the pedestrian push button with a mechanical finger. We first briefly describe the overall operation of such a road crossing robot. The rest of this paper then discusses in detail how the robot can meticulously navigate to and activate the pedestrian push button with the on-board finger. The contribution of this work is that although there are robots existing that perform precision docking or button activation, this robot is one of the few that can perform such an action in a real world outdoor environment that is completely unmodified. We prove this by deploying the robot in a real world road-crossing and it was successfully able to engage the pedestrian push button.

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Rosteius, Katharina, Bram de Boer, and Hilde Verbeek. "HOW DO GREEN CARE FARMS FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA SUCCESSFULLY INTEGRATE OUTDOOR SPACES?" Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1293.

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Abstract Green Care Farms (GCFs) are an innovative care environment for vulnerable groups. This study explores the design, and the successful integration of the natural environments of GCFs. By actively integrating outdoor spaces into daily care, they may encourage residents to participate in meaningful activities. A case study was conducted on a Dutch GCF using mixed ethnographic methods. 129 hours of observations of daily life were combined with 24 semi-structured interviews with residents, family, volunteers, staff and management, and a focus group with staff. The physical environment was assessed quantitatively. Data was analyzed thematically and triangulated. Results indicate that some factors supported the integration of the outdoor spaces into daily care. First, the physical environment was specifically designed to stimulate residents. Second, the outdoors was easily and openly accessible for residents. Third, residents’ security was supported in several ways. Lastly, staff members creatively motivated residents to use the outside spaces.

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Schilling, Fabian, Fabrizio Schiano, and Dario Floreano. "Vision-Based Drone Flocking in Outdoor Environments." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 2954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062298.

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Lou, Siwei, Wenqiang Chen, Danny H. W. Li, Mo Wang, Hainan Chen, Isaac Y. F. Lun, and Dawei Xia. "Tilted Photovoltaic Energy Outputs in Outdoor Environments." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 6052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216052.

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The direction and environment of photovoltaics (PVs) may influence their energy output. The practical PV performance under various conditions should be estimated, particularly during initial design stages when PV model types are unknown. Previous studies have focused on a limited number of PV projects, which required the details of many PV models; furthermore, the models can be case sensitive. According to the 18 projects conducted in 7 locations (latitude 29.5–51.25N) around the world, we developed polynomials for the crystalline silicon PV energy output for different accessible input variables. A regression tree effectively evaluated the correlations of the outcomes with the input variables; those of high importance were identified. The coefficient of determination, indicating the percentage of datasets being predictable by the input, was higher than 0.65 for 14 of the 18 projects when the polynomial was developed using the accessible variables such as global horizontal solar radiation. However, individual equations should be derived for horizontal cases, indicating that a universal polynomial for crystalline silicon PVs with a tilt angle in the range 0°–66° can be difficult to develop. The proposed model will contribute to evaluating the performance of PVs with low and medium tilt angles for places of similar climates.

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Narisada, Kohei. "Influences of outdoor lighting on the environments." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 80, no. 10 (1996): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.80.10_726.

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Nelson, T. M., and L. J. Loewen. "Factors Affecting Perception of Outdoor Public Environments." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (February 1993): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.139.

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Comfort and related perceptions are important in respect to use of outdoor public places. In a laboratory, 170 persons viewed four such places on slides and rated them on 10 dimensions, namely, “comfortable,” “playful,” “serious,” “active,” “unsafe,” “good,” “tense,” “interesting,” “gloomy,” and “pleasing.” Instructions were used to vary time of day and the number of people present at the location. It was found that women ( n = 96) regard outdoor environments as more threatening than do men ( n = 74) which suggests that women feel more vulnerable to untoward acts and that public places are rated less desirous at dusk than at dawn, presumably because dusk is followed by night and dawn by day. It was also discovered that such public environments are rated better than deserted places when occupied by two or more persons. Some of these results are consistent with the Prospect-Refuge Theory of Appleton.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Outdoor environments'

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