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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Outdoor education'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Nilsson, Sara, and Malin Olsson. "Outdoor education in preschool." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34662.

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I vår studie kommer ni som läsare få läsa om utomhuspedagogik. Vårt syfte har varit att få en inblick i vad utomhuspedagogik är, även att få mer kunskaper om hur utomhuspedagogik uppfattas inom aktuell forskning men även av de som arbetar i förskolor med den specifika inriktningen. Vi avser därmed försöka få en mer nyanserad bild av utomhuspedagogik. De frågeställningar vi utgått från har varit vad utomhuspedagogik betyder för pedagogerna? Finns det några nackdelar enligt pedagogerna, och i så fall vilka är dessa? Och den sista frågan vi ställt är om det ställs några specifika krav på pedagoger som arbetar i förskolor med en utomhusinriktad pedagogik?
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2

Olsson, Johan. "Classroom instruction and outdoor education-A comparison between classroom instructions and outdoor education." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33663.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra klassrumsundervisning och utomhuspedagogik och se vilket av dessa två arbetssätt som lärare föredrar och arbetar med. I den empiriska studien intervjuades lärare som arbetar inom förskola och grundskolans tidigare år om hur de ser på klassrumsundervisning och utomhuspedagogik. Uppsatsen handlar om utomhuspedagogik och klassrumsundervisning. Den utgår från följande frågeställningar:Vilka är för – och nackdelarna med utomhuspedagogik?Varför använder lärarna en viss undervisningsmetod mer?Har omgivningen någon påverkan för att bedriva utomhuspedagogik?I resultatet och analysen framkommer det att lärarna har ungefär samma syn på klassrumsundervisning. Lärarna känner också att de skulle kunna använda sig mer av utomhuspedagogik. Fastän att det finns mycket forskning kring utomhuspedagogik och dess påverkan på elevers prestationer i skolan används det förvånansvärt lite i skolan. Lärarna upplever att det är svårt att planera och förbereda sig för undervisning ute, det är material som ska med, det finns elever som har särskilda behov, elever med rörelsehinder, diabetes eller andra sjukdomar. Även tidsbrist kan vara en av anledningar till att man väljer klassrumsundervisning. I klassrumsundervisning har du som lärare lättare tillgång till läromaterial, översikt på elevgruppen och läraren känner att han eller hon har mer ordning i klassrummet, det är tidssparande och når fram till hela klassen.Nyckelord är inlärning, klassrumsundervisning och utomhuspedagogik.
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3

Landy, Cathy. "The State of Outdoor Education in Northeast Tennessee: Preschool Teacher Attitudes Toward Outdoor Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3453.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of outdoor education in preschool classrooms in Northeast Tennessee, with a specific focus on preschool teachers’ attitudes toward outdoor education. This comparative, mixed-methods study focused in part on teachers’ current beliefs about outdoor education, how they use the outdoor environment, and whether their attitudes influence their lesson planning for outdoor education. Participants were preschool teachers in public, private, church-affiliated, and Head Start preschools in 4 counties in northeast Tennessee. The study sample consisted of 81 participants (80 female; 1 male). Ages ranged from 20-65 years (M = 40.76). The survey consisted of 42 questions, including demographics, outdoor education experiences, and attitudes toward outdoor education. Teachers were compared on several factors: attitudes toward outdoor education, their early experiences in the outdoors, and how they use the outdoor environment. Thirty-three outdoor environments in the aforementioned preschools were assessed using the Preschool Outdoor Environment Measurement Scale (POEMS) (DeBord, Hestenes, Moore, Cosco, & McGinnis, 2005). Eight preschool teachers from the pool of 81 participants were selected at random based on their school’s playground/outdoor environment assessment (high vs. low quality) and their own attitudes (positive vs. negative) toward outdoor education. Interviews were conducted to give a more complete picture of preschool outdoor education. Results showed that preschool teachers had relatively high attitudes on outdoor education (M = 75.86, SD = 7.99) on a scaled score where 100 was the highest possible. Teachers who reported planning lessons for outdoor learning had slightly higher attitudes (M = 76.9, SD = 7.6) toward outdoor education than those who do not plan (M = 74.1, SD = 9.0), although differences were not significant F(1, 76) = 1.134, p = 0.29. Most teachers referred to the outdoor area as a playground (84%) and used it used it most frequently for supervised play (99%). These findings, along with others reported, indicate that although preschool teachers see the benefits of outdoor learning, there are still barriers to outdoor education.
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4

Simpson, Philip Alan. "Residential outdoor education in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/309.

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Throughout relevant literature and through the discourses attached to it outdoor education is often described in terms of its purposes. Among other things it is often said to be education out of doors, personal and social education, or education about self, others and the environment. While this reflects concerns among practitioners it has led to a relative scarcity of critical reviews of the field’s practice. The research reported in this thesis brings a new perspective to the study of outdoor education. A Practice Model is proposed from research that takes a social constructionist epistemology and an interpretive perspective in a study of outdoor education. Using ideas of a community of practice the research examined the literature and interviewed outdoor education practitioners in residential outdoor centres. The residential context served to provide access to discrete communities of practice in outdoor centres and to focus the research on general outdoor adventure education. Through this an understanding of the practice of outdoor education was developed. Three dimensions of outdoor education practice were identified as ‘adventure’, ‘learning from experience’ and ‘new space’. These three dimensions of the Practice Model are proposed as a tool for analysis and critique of current practice and for re-thinking and developing practice.
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Yancey, Charles L. "The implementation of outdoor education." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/CYanceyPartI2007.pdf.

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6

Zhang, Jingyang. "Cooperative Learning in Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationellt centrum för utomhuspedagogik (NCU), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104699.

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Interpersonal growth is one part of the definition of outdoor education. Collaboration and common purpose are key phrases in cooperation learning. Both those two teaching methods are including students’ social development. To find out the effects of teachers’ and students’ attitude toward cooperative learning in outdoor education, this study explores the benefits and limitations of group work in outdoor education theoretically. Also, this study explores the attitudes of teachers and students regarding group work in outdoor learning. Questionnaires were used to find the students’ opinion of group work in outdoor education, during the analysis of data, thematic analysis was conducted with interview data to find out teachers’ attitudes. The participates of this study mainly had a very positive attitude towards group work in outdoor education, although some limitations were identified, such as students sometimes lost focus, were absent or were less involved.
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7

Garcia, Heriberto. "The value of outdoor education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2314.

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8

Taniguchi, Stacy Tooru. "Outdoor Education and Meaningful Learning: Finding the attributes of meaningful learning experiences in an outdoor education program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/164.

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This phenomenological study sought to identify the common attributes of meaningful learning experiences as found in an outdoor education program. The pragmatic educational philosophy of John Dewey provides the rationale for the essence of meaningful learning in our schools and this research identifies the attributes of educative reflective experiences that are also meaningful learning experiences. Thirteen students enrolled in the Wilderness Writing Program, offered during the fall semester of 2003 at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, made up the focus group of this study. Their participation in four outdoor recreational activities and their reflections about their experiences became the basis of this research. Through written journal entries, focus group discussions, observations, and writing assignments, this study took a qualitative approach to identifying patterns of attributes that appeared to occur in meaningful learning experiences. This study found that meaningful learning experiences were identified by participants who experienced a period of awkwardness followed by a purifying process, or sublimation. A reflective period allowed for reconstruction of a person 19s view of himself or herself and this was closely tied with feedback from others in the group. The findings of this study can give educators specific components that appear to be crucial ingredients to meaningful learning experiences.
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9

Brandt, Kari W. "Outdoor Leadership Development Training." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/326.

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This project aimed at developing a training program for the California State University, San Bernardino Student Recreation and Fitness Center’s Outdoors Program. The design and development utilized the five-step ADDIE instructional design model along with concepts of experiential and outdoor education. After an analysis of the needs of the Outdoors Program at CSUSB, a thorough process of design, development, implementation, and analysis was used to provide an introductory training program for those interested in becoming outdoor leaders. With personal knowledge gained thorough a review of literature, combined with prior in-depth content knowledge, a training program was developed. Since different leadership needs exist within each outdoor education program, this project focused on the specific needs of CSUSB Outdoors. It is recommended that this outdoor leadership development program continue to be presented to more students, incorporating a self-assessment to gain a better understanding of the trainee’s growth through the program. It is also recommended that continuing education opportunities are developed and provided to the trainees as they become outdoor trip leaders and continue to develop their leadership skills. In conclusion, the training provided in this experiential educational program serves as a valuable training program for the needs of CSUSB Outdoors. This project outlines the design and development process used through the ADDIE model incorporating experiential and outdoor education knowledge gained in the literature review.
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10

Umstead, Helen G. "Determining the Value of Outdoor Adventure Education for Educational Leaders." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10268317.

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This investigation attempts to determine the value of outdoor adventure education for educational leaders based upon leadership qualities identified in both the Educational Leadership and Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) literature. Theoretical underpinnings of outdoor adventure education and claimed leadership outcomes resulting from OAE participation are identified and investigated. Three leadership skills identified as both OAE outcomes and constructs valuable to educational leaders (Self-efficacy, Collaboration, and Trust) are the focus of this mixed methodology study.

Research questions are proposed and addressed using mixed methodology. The anonymous online Outdoor Adventure Education Survey was developed based on previous research (Gareis & Tschannen-Moran, 2004; Rhodes & Martin, 2013; Tschannen-Moran & Barr, 2004; Tschannen-Moran & Gareis, 2004) and with input from educational leadership and OAE experts. Qualitative measures, including participant focus groups and key informant interviews, were developed with the advice of OAE and educational leadership experts before implementation.

Volunteers at a one-day OAE ropes challenge course participated in the anonymous online Outdoor Adventure Education Survey one week after course implementation of a one-day ropes challenge course and focus group discussions occurred within one month in order to allow for reflection, a major component of Experiential Learning Theory. Facilitators and group leaders participated in individual key informant interviews at irregular intervals after implementation.

Analysis revealed that OAE impacted self-efficacy in ways that are valuable to leadership, increased participants’ collaboration, and generally increased trust among members of each group. Results varied based on the obstacles encountered and by the group participating, but were positive overall. Additional outcomes included participants’ increased awareness of the importance of open communication, including active listening, and shared decision-making while solving problems collaboratively.

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11

Taniguchi, Stacy T. "Outdoor education and meaningful learning : finding the attributes of meaningful learning experiences in an outdoor education program /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd438.D.

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12

Stan, Ina Teodora. "Group interaction in the 'outdoor classroom' : the process of learning in outdoor education." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2008. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/10117/.

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This research is concerned with the educational process within an outdoor centre involving groups of primary school children. It studies group interaction between the participants in a natural setting by taking a holistic approach, giving an account of their outdoor learning experience in the context of a group. It appears that there is little focus on groups in the outdoors, even though most outdoor programmes involve groups. Most of the research done on groups is quantitative and laboratory based. Such traditional approaches have been challenged, as empirical limitations and theoretical problems have been identified. It is argued that a study of group interactions within a natural environment, such as the outdoor classroom, would allow for a more insightful understanding of the phenomena involved, and it could also shed light on the outdoor educational process, which has been neglected by research in outdoor education. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used as part of an ethnographic approach. This enabled the collection of varied data, which resulted in a thick description of the phenomena explored. The findings show that the concept of team building is central to the philosophy of the outdoor centre and of its staff. The activities, which are used as learning tools, are group orientated. Teamwork is seen as essential for the learning experience at the outdoor centre. The study also revealed that the different approaches of the participants influenced the way learning was constructed. The two main themes that have emerged were empowerment and control. The empowering approaches offered support and encouragement to the participants, allowing for collaboration and cooperation to exist between them, which enabled learning to be more effective. The controlling approaches were characterised by a lack of dialogue between the participants, which interfered with the learning experience, by not creating an environment where the participants could work together as a group. A social aspect of learning was thus identified, which emphasised the importance of viewing learning as a joint process. The research shows that a well-designed process does not always result in the participants achieving the ‘desired learning outcomes’. The teachers/facilitators need to be aware of the impact that their approach may have on the learning experience of the participants.
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13

Baker, Mark William. "Policy development of outdoor education in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21018.

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The advent of the Scottish ‘Curriculum for Excellence’ created a new paradigm of outdoor education. The term ‘outdoor learning’ found more common parlance as a reflection of contemporary discourse with renewed focus on curricular breadth and progression in outdoor education. This thesis examines these changes through the lens of educational policy analysis. The study bridges the gaps between literature in the fields of outdoor education, public policy making and curriculum theory to present a broad and historical analysis of the processes for the policy development of outdoor learning in Scotland. The methodological approach is grounded in the philosophy of pragmatism, and combines desk based research with data analysis of thirteen interviews with key policy actors. The findings identify health as an early policy driver and a prelude to later policy agendas including ‘character training’, work and employment. The processes for change in outdoor education policy are influenced by ‘galvanising events’ and via a ‘policy corridor’ of outdoor education advocates. Post Scottish devolution, the work of advisory groups has been a key influence in resolving what is identified as a ‘policy squeeze’ on outdoor learning. The research has implications for effective lobbying and understanding the processes for policy growth in outdoor learning.
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Larsson, Daniel. "English teaching outdoors – Student responses and attitudes towards outdoor EFL teaching." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28457.

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The purpose of this degree project is to address upper secondary outdoor language education. It explores upper secondary EFL students’ attitudes and responses towards the teaching of English outdoors. The research has been based on data from qualitative research methods with an action research approach: peer observation, a reflective diary and focus group interviews. Peer observation and the reflective diary was used to recover information on four upper secondary EFL classes’ responses towards being taught outdoors. Focus group interviews were conducted on two groups of students from two of the classes on their attitudes towards being taught in outdoor English. The results from the data gathering are discussed using secondary sources which can be connected to outdoor education, and the research establishes that the students responded negatively to the instructions during the classes, many of them were active while some did not do what they were supposed to, and hardly no English was spoken. Even though mostly negative results were found the interviewees were generally positive to be taught outdoors and enjoyed it more than receiving education indoors, but some of them were aware that they did not learn much English since they hardly used it. This research provides ideas for how the lessons can be improved and acts as inspiration for future outdoor ESL classes.
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15

Eaton, Dennis. "Cognitive and affective learning in outdoor education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ41587.pdf.

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16

Chipman, Leslie Eugene. "Collaborative technology for young children's outdoor education." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7313.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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17

Skouroupathis, Nicolas. "Outdoor Education in the Greek Mathematics Textbooks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94681.

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Outdoor education is a promising educational field that can support indoor education and provide benefits beyond the evidentknowledge. Outdoor and indoor education together can formulate the ground for an integrated learning. In Greece, like manycountries, outdoor education and its potential contribution to the learning process have not been clearly and intentionally testedyet, even though the country tends to follow a progressive educational philosophy. This research focuses on the subject ofmathematics and explores the connections between the existing philosophy and practices of mathematics education in Greece andoutdoor education theory and practice. Following the method of content analysis, the connections were identified through theexistence of basic outdoor education concepts in the mathematics textbooks of the last three grades of primary school. Althoughthe expectations, because of the lack of personal experiences, could not be high, the application of outdoor education seems to befar from impossible in Greece. It could rather flourish even without any changes in the books, when its potentialities are realizedby the teachers.
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18

Irwin, David Brian. "Weaving the threads of education for sustainability and outdoor education." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3637.

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Sustainability has become a buzz word of our time, although our developed world community is still coming to terms with what the word really means. Universities and polytechnics in Aotearoa New Zealand will have to change in many ways before sustainability can be considered to occupy a meaningful place in the tertiary education sector. However the change process that sees an organisation moving towards sustainability is complex, and agency for change can be considered on many different levels including the individual identities of staff and students, the identity of managers, and the programme and wider organisational identities constructed by the communities that comprise them. This qualitative research explores education for sustainability within the context of outdoor education using the Bachelor of Adventure Recreation and Outdoor Education (BRecEd) at the Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology (CPIT) (the programme into which the author teaches) as a case study. Participatory action research forms the overarching methodology for a multiple method approach to data collection. The research leans heavily on the lived experiences of staff and students within the programme, is woven with my own reflections, and incorporates many examples of students’ work. The weaving together of these experiences grounds the research and helps bring theory to life. The research reveals the complexity of change towards more sustainable ways of practising outdoor education in an organisational setting. It explores the tensions that are encountered and mechanisms that have allowed for staff and students to engage in education for sustainability in a more meaningful way. The key themes of the research explore the intersection of identity construction processes and change agency, and it is argued these processes are inseparable for those concerned with organisational change towards sustainability.
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North, Christopher John. "A self-study of outdoor education in secondary teacher education." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Sport and Physical Education, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10926.

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As a teacher educator, I was concerned at the passive roles that pre-service teachers (PSTs) seemed to take in my outdoor education (OE) courses and I believed that more authentic (teacher-like) experiences would assist PSTs to take more active roles. Early in this research I developed a metaphor of PSTs as passengers on the long distance flight (their degree) to the destination (of teaching) to explain some of this passivity. Using a self-study methodology, I examined a variety of ‘authentic’ learning experiences during a semester-long course. Guided by Schwab’s commonplaces, I accessed perspectives of learners, milieu, teacher educator and discipline to provide me with some certainty about the effects of my teaching. The authentic learning experiences included my use of transparent teaching (open journaling and thinking aloud), modelling of proposed graduating teacher standards, fatality case studies and handing over control on an OE camp. As the research progressed, it became apparent that my initial framing of the problem of PST passivity was flawed. In particular, the most authentic experiences of teaching on the OE camp did not necessarily result in the active learning I had anticipated. Through the self-study methodology, I came to realise that authenticity was impeding the learning of some students. I reframed my approach to teacher education and used Schwab’s eclecticism to also acknowledge the equal importance of passive learning, inauthenticity and teacher uncertainty. I argue that this eclectic approach provides a more nuanced and fuller understanding of teaching and learning in the OE course. Finally, I discuss the criteria within self-study for demonstrating improvement and representation of results.
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Quay, John J. "Students caring for each other." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/943.

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The major focus of this study is on the outdoor education subject as a learning context in which caring and community are educational achievements. The review of the literature is necessarily selective as the scope of the research touches upon the discipline areas of community, caring, moral development and education, friendship, outdoor education, experimental education and camping. The research is based upon a two step process within which both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. The first step in the process utilises phenomenological methods. The second step in the process uses the survey method.
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Zanovello, Ina. "Outdoor and environmental education centres, a case study of Strathcona Park Lodge and Outdoor Education Centre, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ47652.pdf.

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Chan, Shun-tim. "Tai Mong Tsai outdoor educational and recreational camp." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950903.

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23

Abdul, Kahlid. "Nature and scope of outdoor education in the city-state of Singapore." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31369.

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This study focuses on the analysis of collective meaning associated with secondary school-teachers' and outdoor practitioners' beliefs about the value of outdoor education in the city-state of Singapore. A phenomenographical approach was employed to map the qualitatively different ways in which people understand, perceive, or experience various aspects of outdoor education. By conducting in-depth interviews with school-teachers and outdoor practitioners (n=11), a range of beliefs about the value of outdoor education were revealed. Through a phenomenographic analysis framework, three conceptions were identified that detail the participants' collective meanings of the value of outdoor education; namely (a) belief in the value of outdoor environments in providing affordances for authentic, realistic learning, (b) belief in its value in fostering social emotional growth, physical and mental robustness, and (c) belief in the value of outdoor education as preparation for students' futures. A secondary research question considered the factors that influence the beliefs of the two sets of actors, teachers and outdoor practitioners, who are the focus of this study. The analysis and discussion focus on the context and meaning of the values ascribed to outdoor education as well as the factors that influenced the beliefs. The findings indicate that school-teachers and outdoor practitioners have strong beliefs about the value of outdoor education. This strong intrinsic belief is constructed through 'sense-making' of their own experiences in the outdoors. This suggests that there is value in investing in the continuing professional development of school-teachers and outdoor practitioners in their outdoor education practice, so that this increased capacity in their complementary roles can bring about the added value of outdoor education to students. Several recommendations for policy, practice as well as further research in the field are offered.
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Oikonomou, Sofia. "Academic Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences of Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79028.

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Outdoor education constitutes an alternative teaching approach that is characterized by authentic experiences and activities in outdoor natural and cultural landscapes. As a relatively new and progressive teaching method, it tries to find and consolidate its place within the existing educational system. The current thesis explores Greek academic teachers’ perceptions and experiences in the field of outdoor education. More specifically, eight academic teachers from a Greek university express their views about outdoor education and report their experiences in outdoor lessons. Through a qualitative approach, this research includes analysis of data extracted from semi-structured interviews with the academics. From the thematic analysis of the data four themes emerged that illustrate teachers’ opinions. The results of the research revealed academic teachers’ basic knowledge on the field of outdoor education, as they presented some well-aimed examples of main characteristics of the approach. Moreover, they reported limited previous outdoor experiences with their students and perceive outdoor lessons as any action outside the typical classroom, attributing higher importance to outdoor activities performed in cultural rather than natural landscapes. Also, academics acknowledged several benefits that outdoor education provides to their students such as the stimulation of all their senses, the connection of theory with practice and the promotion of social relations. In addition, they attributed significant importance to both the experiential approach to learning and to the connection with nature that outdoor lessons provide. Nevertheless, academic teachers highlighted many barriers that inhibit their efforts to apply outdoor lessons such as lack of time and appropriate places, inadequate infrastructure, human resources as well as insufficient pedagogical training and preparation. Concluding, what seems to trouble academics most is the prevailing educational culture inside schools and universities as well as teachers’ and academic teachers’ attitudes. The above findings contribute to the current limited scientific knowledge concerning the practice of outdoor education in the higher level of education. Last but not least, further qualitative research is a prerequisite in order to study the origin of the perceptions and attitudes of Greek academics and comprehend the socio-cultural and educational context in which these have been formed.
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Cilingir, Feyza. "Outdoor Education Perspectives : International Insights within the Field." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151371.

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The subject of this project is an analysis of the perception of postgraduate students of "Outdoor Environmental Education and Outdoor Life Master Program" regarding the concept of "Outdoor Education". The perceptions are introduced and elaborated through interviews with nine Master students from September 2013 till June 2014. One by one, the qualitative data is phenomenologically analyzed and interpretation of the findings are demonstrated to the reader. At the end of this study, five different themes, which have been obtained during this study, are presented. These themes are: the benefits of outdoor education; the practicality of outdoor education, the effects of outdoor education and issues within outdoor education. I argue how perspectives of international students vary depending on their culture.
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Thompson, Deborah R. "Life Science: An Outdoor Learning Approach." UNF Digital Commons, 1986. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/61.

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The instructional materials prepared for this project are based on outdoor activities that correlate with the Duval County, Florida, Performance Objectives for Life Science in the seventh grade. Special emphasis is placed on hands-on, sensory experiences and observations, and sequencing of instruction within lessons. The review of related literature includes the philosophy of outdoor/environmental education, a historical perspective of outdoor/environmental education, and learning theory as it applies to the principles and practices of an outdoor approach to education.
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Wiltscheck, Amy F. "Outdoor experiential training in the classroom setting." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000wiltschecka.pdf.

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Nguyen, Thi Yen Nhu. "A Reseach on Female Teachers-Leaders in Outdoor Education Sector : An effort of examining the role of female leaders in Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60785.

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Women have played important roles in different working areas and have raised their voices in the labor force. Outdoor Education sector is not an exception. More and more female teachers-leaders have dedicated their lives in the reforming process of education in general and in Outdoor Education in specific. This study examines the participation of female teachers-leaders in Outdoor Education sector to see an overview of their achievements and contributions in this field. Eleven outdoor teachers-leaders answered questions displaying the motivation and the enhancement of women’s participation in Outdoor Education sector as leaders. Through semi-structured interviews, the participants revealed their opinions towards their current occupations and their future expectations and promotions as well as the effects of childhood memory on people’s attitudes. Results show optimistic visions for the participation of female teachers-leaders in Outdoor Education sector. The results also exhibit the imbalance of the participation of female teachers-leaders in different levels of Outdoor Education sector. There are more outdoor schoolteachers but less female leaders in outdoor adventurous pursuits. To keep the balance of female teachers-leaders in different levels of Outdoor Education is to create more chances for women to challenge themselves and to give students opportunities to interact with the diversity of outdoor teachers-leaders regardless race, age and gender.
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Brookes, Andrew Roy, and a. brookes@latrobe edu au. "Situationist outdoor education in the country of lost children." Deakin University. School of Social and Cultural Studies in Education, 2006. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061214.144321.

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This thesis is a study of outdoor education, in the deliberative tradition of curriculum inquiry. It examines the intentional generation and distribution of knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes through organised outdoor activities, both as a research interest, and as a critical perspective on outdoor education discourse. Eight separate but interrelated research projects, originally published in 11 refereed journal articles, develop and defend the thesis statement: The problem of determining what, if any, forms of outdoor experience should be educational priorities, and how those experiences should be distributed in communities and geographically – that is who goes where and does what – is inherently situational. The persistence of a universalist outdoor education discourse that fails to acknowledge or adequately account for social and geographic circumstances points to serious flaws in outdoor education research and theory, and impedes the development of more defensible outdoor education practices. The introduction explains how the eight projects cohere, and illustrates how they may be linked using the example of militaristic thinking in outdoor safety standards. Chapters 1 and 2 defend and elaborate a situationist approach to outdoor education, using the examples of outdoor education in Victoria (Australia), and universalist approaches to outdoor education in textbooks respectively. Chapters 3 and 4 expand on some epistemological implications of the thesis and examine, respectively, the cultural dimensions of outdoor experience, and the epistemology and ontology of local natural history. Chapters 5 and 6 apply a situationist epistemology to personal development based outdoor education. Traditions of outdoor education that draw on person-centred rather than situation-sensitive theories of behaviour are examined and critiqued. Alternatives to person-centred theories of outdoor education are discussed. Chapters 7 and 8 use situationist outdoor education to provide a critical reading of nature-based tourism. Chapters 9, 10, and 11 return to the theme of safety in the introduction and Chapter 1, and examine the safety implications of a situationist epistemology. Closing comments briefly draw together the conclusions of all of the chapters, and offer some directions for future outdoor education research.
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Donnison, Philip A. "Images of outdoor management development : a synthesis of the literature and participants' experiences on outdoor courses." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340466.

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Barnes, Peter Edward. "The motivation of staff in the outdoor education industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21405.

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This study examined the motivation of outdoor staff working in multi-activity residential centres. The study took place against the background of an outdoor industry undergoing major legislative and cultural changes. These changes were discussed at length. Notable amongst the outcomes of the discussed changes was a need to improve staff retention within multi-activity residential centres. The motivation of staff was studied with this in mind. Following an initial pilot study, there were three major phases to the research. These were, a mail-shot questionnaire, focus group interviews and an investigation of personal constructs using a repertory grid (rep grid) technique. Structuring the study in this way allowed for quantitative data to be given depth and developed through qualitative techniques. Following a discussion of the major motivational theories, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory was nominated as the grounding theory upon which the study was structured. This motivational theory a spect of the study was balanced with consideration of the social and cultural aspects of working in the outdoor industry. The major finding of the study was that outdoor staff are heavily motivated by autonomy, responsibility, challenge, altruism and variety. They are most strongly de-motivated by external factors, notably poor centre administration and inadequate resources. A multilayered motivational model was developed to give structure and synthesis to these findings. It was also found that outdoor staff are less interested in linear career progression in the conventional understanding than in progression through personal and professional development. It was noted, however, that this progression was subject to lifestage changes. Although outdoor staff were found to be transitory it was put forward as a recommendation that challenge and variety could be found from within a stable employment situation and that, as a result, the outdoor industry needed to adopt a different approach to career structure. A second model, the redeveloped career pyramid, was suggested to demonstrate these recommendations.
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Smith, Connie. "A Preschool Outdoor Curriculum and Playground Design, Teacher Education." TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1417.

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The writer proposes the utilization of a developmentally based outdoor curriculum and playground designed for young children. The curriculum consists of an overview, objectives, curriculum methodology, playground designs and evaluation. Cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains are each included in the objectives. A curriculum methodology focusing upon approaches for individualization and development of the total child is presented. The playground designs are based upon current research. Play value, development appropriateness and safety were considered in developing playground designs and curriculum. Evaluation of the curriculum and playground will be measured through assessments of the individual child, the class, and the staff. Numerous approaches to evaluation are described. This project is intended to assist preschool teachers in establishing and maintaining a program based on current research and literature. Ideas to assist other preschools in adaptation are presented. Included in the ideas are steps in developing a curriculum and playground design as well as a suggested approach to training parents and staff in the rationale and appropriate use of the curriculum.
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Allin, Linda Jane. "Challenging careers for women? : negotiating identities in outdoor education." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714465.

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Honeycutt, Jared. "Assessment and instructional practice in an outdoor education program." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0190.

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35

Neill, James T. "Enhancing life effectiveness : the impacts of outdoor education programs." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40186.

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Outdoor education offers a promising method for developing life skills, however this field is undermined by ad hoc theory and limited research. This thesis offers a critical synthesis of theoretical and empirical outdoor education literature, develops instrumentation to measure life effectiveness, and reports on a large, longitudinal study of outdoor education program life effectiveness outcomes. Outdoor education was reviewed as consisting of seven theoretically interactive domains (participant, environment, program, activity, group, instructor, and culture) within a dynamic, experiential milieu. A theoretical systems framework is proposed, drawing on Dewey’s theory of experience, to illustrate how participants’ experiences of outdoor education might be understood as arising within a “complex system”. A critical review of traditional and meta-analytic reviews of empirical outdoor education research indicated small-moderate positive impacts on typically measured outcomes (e.g. self-concept, locus of control, and social skills; ES ~ 0.35). However, this research has been limited by a lack of appropriate dependent measures, low statistical power, over-reliance on inferential statistics, a lack of control and comparison groups, a lack of longitudinal data, and a lack of investigation of independent variables. To address such issues, Study 1 developed new measurement instrumentation and Study 2 conducted a large, longitudinal study. “Life effectiveness” was proposed to refer to generic life skills which facilitate surviving and thriving across a variety of situations. Life effectiveness skills were further proposed to be enhanceable through intervention. Study 1 investigated the psychometrics of the 11-factor, 64-item Life Effectiveness Questionnaire version G (LEQ-G) through congeneric and confirmatory factor analyses (N = 1,164). Three problematic factors and several weaker items were removed, leading to an 8-factor, 24-item model (LEQ-H) with an excellent fit (TLI = .984; N = 1,892). A global second-order model also provided an excellent fit (TLI = .980), with evidence for factorial invariance of the second-order factor across gender and age, and promising evidence for factorial invariance of the first-order model. Further development of the LEQ was recommended to consider construct validity, other life effectiveness factors, and ongoing item development (e.g. to reduce skewness).
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Neill, James T. "Enhancing life effectiveness the impacts of outdoor education programs /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40186.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Centre for Educational Research, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Roberts, Jay W. "Beyond Learning By Doing: Theoretical Currents of Experience in Education." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1240251991.

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Figueiredo, Vera Lucia. "EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT NORTHBAY ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION CENTER, NORTH EAST, MARYLAND." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1209674551.

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39

Drexler, Stina. "Exploring the idea of an Outdoor Primary School : - from the perspective of West European Outdoor Education Professionals." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och didaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157461.

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As past research has found benefits of outdoor education and the current global society is facing a decline in access to beneficial natural spaces due to urbanization (Keniger, Gaston, Irvine & Fuller 2013), the aim of this master thesis research project was to explore the idea of an Outdoor Primary School, a way to provide children the access to beneficial natural spaces. In order to explore this idea, Professional Outdoor Educators (n= 61) were interviewed and asked to fill out a survey about the following aspects: outdoor and indoor spaces, learning activities, curriculum and challenges related to an Outdoor Primary School. There was a wide range of results showing that an Outdoor Primary School is a way to incorporate beneficial ways of learning, such as project-based learning, experience-based and practical learning, social learning, play and student-centered learning in formal schooling. Including learning content and activities that can aid children’s development such as food, animals and sustainability is also possible in an Outdoor Primary School as shown below. Furthermore, an Outdoor Primary School is an institution that can be equipped with beneficial learning environments, such as natural environments, a vast space, spaces for cooking, growing food and keeping animals, quiet zones, play zones and opportunities for creating, building and crafts. These results go in line with previous research about Outdoor Education and related fields, suggesting that an Outdoor Primary School both holds challenges but also is a possible model to bring together many beneficial ways of learning that are already being practiced today.
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Hayashi, Ayako. "Leadership development through an outdoor leadership program focusing on emotional intelligence." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215297.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Dept. of Recreation of Park Administration, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1530. Adviser: Alan W. Ewert. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 19, 2007)."
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Whittington, Anja. "Girls in the Woods: An Exploration of the Impact of a Wilderness Program on Adolescent Girls' Constructions of Femininity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WhittingtonA2005.pdf.

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42

Carter, Sean. "The phenomenon of the outdoor experience and how it informs pedagogy /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2314.

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Horner, Jory. "Belongingness and Exclusion in College Outdoor Orientation." Thesis, Prescott College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10743413.

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Little is known about the experiences of students on college outdoor orientation trips who experience lower levels of belonging within their group. During this study students who experienced lower belonging on one program were interviewed to identify common characteristics of these experiences. Due to a small number of research participants, the study was expanded through a national survey to include outdoor orientation participants at 23 schools. Although the expansion of the study increased the likelihood of reaching more participants, it did not result in additional interviews. The difficulty in reaching students who experience lower levels of belonging on outdoor orientation trips became a significant element of the research. Aspects of the responses from these individuals may align with experiences of shame. Elements of shame are discussed as a potential explanation for the low response rate, as well as recommendations for future researchers.

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Gorgenyi, Erika. "Közösség model for an experiential outdoor education program in Hungary /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Monsour, Katrina L. "Outdoor education programs as gender equitable environments? An ethnographic study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28447.pdf.

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46

Simon, Neja. "OUTDOOR EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE : From the Swedish to the Slovenian Context." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationellt centrum för utomhuspedagogik (NCU), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98737.

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Outdoor education may be quite a well-known conception but still unsettled in the Slovenian pedagogical context. The Scandinavian – Swedish conceptual tradition in the thesis provides a framework for analysing the Slovenian curriculum; the lesson plans for the compulsory school from an outdoor education perspective. The main characteristics of outdoor education, gathering around experience, place and method/activities, are found also in the Slovenian context, exactly in the formal education documents. The perspective of outdoor education would therefore lie in introducing the Swedish concept of outdoor education as an opportunity to reflect upon an existent outdoor teaching and learning practice and inherent teacher education.
Utomhuspedagogik må vara ett välkänt begrepp men är fortfarande okänt i den slovenska pedagogiska kontexten. Den skandinavisk-svenska traditionella uppfattningen i denna uppsats bildar ett ramverk för att analysera de slovenska kursplanerna och läroplanerna för den obligatoriska grundskolan, ur ett utomhuspedagogiskt perspektiv. Det som huvudsakligen karaktäriserar utomhuspedagogik, och som rör sig kring erfarenhet, plats och metod/aktiviteter, finns också i den slovenska kontexten, och mera exakt i de formella utbildningshandlingarna. Det utomhuspedagogiska perspektivet skulle därför kunna skapas genom att introducera den svenska uppfattningen om utomhuspedagogik som en möjlighet att reflektera kring en befintlig pedagogik och lärandepraktik samt kring lärarutbildningen.
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47

Delashob, Jasmine sharmin. "Förskolelärares erfarenheter av utomhuspedagogik : Preschool teachers´ experience of outdoor education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100951.

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Det jag vill belysa med den här studien är vad några pedagoger har för erfarenheter av utomhuspedagogiken i förskoleverksamheten. Vad syftet är enligt pedagogerna med utomhuspedagogiken, vilka begränsningar innefattar utomhuspedagogen, vilken inställning pedagogerna har till ämnet samt hur de kopplar detta till förskolans läroplan. För att få fram detta material har kvalitativa metoder med intervjuer används. Detta för att uppsatsen bygger på pedagogernas egna uppfattningar och erfarenheter av ämnet. Intervjuerna genomfördes i tre olika förskolor, två till tre pedagoger ur varje förskola, i en mellanstor stad i Sverige. Sammanlagt var det åtta pedagoger som deltog i undersökningen. Min teoretiska bakgrund innefattar tidigare forskning, doktorsavhandlingar samt förskolans läroplan. I den här uppsatsen har jag valt att utgår från den sociokulturella synen på lärande eftersom barn ses som kompetenta individer som lär i en social gemenskap och att de konstruerar sin egen kunskap utifrån sina erfarenheter. Jag har sedan gjort analyser av mitt material från undersökningen och kopplat det till teoribakgrunden. I resultatet framkommer det att användningen av utomhuspedagogik i förskoleverksamheten varierar beroende på lärarens egen inställning till detta arbetssätt. Vissa pedagoger går ut högst två till tre gånger per vecka medan andra arbetar ute dagligen. Analysen visar att för en kategori av pedagoger är det en självklarhet att vara ute och de har den inställningen att det är att bara komma ut. En annan kategori arbetar planerat i projekt som kan bedrivas både inomhus och utomhus, medan en annan föredrar att vara inomhus. Det framkommer i analysen att det finns olika fördelar med utomhuspedagogiken, nämligen barnen kan arbeta i olika miljöer, använder både kropp och samtliga sinnen, får enskilt eller i grupp undersöka, utforska, upptäcka och experimentera olika ting. Förutom detta nämns det att barnen kan praktisera de teoretiska delarna och få konkreta erfarenheter och kunskaper av olika saker som de läser om eller arbetar med. Sedan visar den här studien att det förekommer hinder eller brister i utomhuspedagogiken, såsom med alla andra arbetsmetoder eller undervisningssätt. Pedagogerna i denna studie hävdar att hinder i form av att barnen inte har kläder efter väder, ekonomiska hinder, personalresurs, för stora barngrupper, gården och att vädret kan vara ett hinder för de mindre barnen, förekomma. Studien framhåller sedan, att användingen v läroplanen varierar mellan pedagogerna. En del pedagoger har läroplanen som går hand i hand med de aktiviteter de planerar för barnen och andra har det bara i baktanken. Undersökningen visar att majoriteten av pedagogerna anser att utomhuspedagogik är en del av deras verksamhet och det framkommer också att majoriteten av pedagogerna har en positiv inställning till utomhuspedagogiken och anser att den kan användas både för fri lek och pedagogisk verksamhet. Barnen får ett konkret, plats- och erfarenhetsbaserat lärande, vilket bidrar till mindre ytliga inlärningssituationer. Sedan kommer diskussionen, där diskuteras uppsatsens resultat iförhållande till litteraturgenomgången.
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Wilhelmsson, Birgitta. "Teachers' intention for outdoor education : conceptualizing learning in different domains." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56495.

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In Sweden there is a growing interest among teachers to locate teaching outdoors. This is linked to beliefs about the potential for outdoor environments to reinforce learning, since the encounter with nature becomes more holistic. Outdoors, all the senses are involved in knowledge-building and activity experiences. According to previous research, outdoor learning can lead to reinforcement between learning domains and provide a bridge to higher order learning.   This thesis, comprising two papers, will focus on teachers’ intentions and educational objectives with outdoor learning, and how these educational objectives are implemented in outdoor activities. The alignment between teachers’ predefined objectives and the types of knowledge and cognitive processes reflected in the outdoor activities are also investigated. Semi-structured interviews, including descriptions of successful activities and reflections on metaphors and observations, were used to collect data. The interview transcripts were analysed using Halldén’s theory of intentional analysis to identify teachers’ intentions when locating learning outdoors.  Teachers’ objectives in the cognitive domain were further analysed by Bloom’s revised taxonomy.  The teachers have a range of reasons for outdoor learning, including pursuing theoretical knowledge through experience-based learning, exploring real objects using multiple senses, stimulating positive feelings towards nature, and promoting collaboration. The main intention of arranging outdoor learning is to create an alternative learning arena as an important complement to classroom learning, contributing values to students’ learning process. The teachers use a diverse set of outdoor activities. The findings included a typology of four teacher types: one values affective and social objectives and promotes activities to understand factual knowledge, another type stresses activities intended to gain procedural knowledge and emphasizes application of practical tasks. The other two teacher types primarily focus on cognitive objectives, partly to reinforce conceptual knowledge, and partly to deepen understanding or improve strategies to enhance meta-cognitive knowledge. The degree of alignment between intended objectives and performed activity is higher among teachers promoting affective and social goals alongside meta-cognitive and analytical understanding, than teachers who use outdoor activities mainly to reinforce conceptual knowledge. The thesis shows that there is a range of possible learning goals in outdoor education and that teachers are guided by what they value and how they perceive learning.
I Sverige finns ett växande intresse bland lärare att förlägga undervisning utomhus. Detta är kopplat till föreställningar om utomhusmiljöns potential för att stärka lärandet, eftersom mötet med naturen blir mer holistisk. Utomhus är alla sinnen involverade i kunskapsuppbyggnad och erfarenheter genom aktivitet. Enligt tidigare forskning kan lärande utomhus leda till förstärkning mellan lärandedomäner och ge en överbryggning till mer komplext lärande. Denna avhandling, bestående av två delstudier, fokuserar lärarnas avsikter och pedagogiska mål med lärande utomhus och hur dessa pedagogiska mål genomförs i utomhusaktiviteter. Vidare undersökts överensstämmelse mellan lärarnas fördefinierade mål och de typer av kunskap och kognitiva processer som avspeglas i utomhusaktiviteterna. Semi strukturerade intervjuer, vilka inkluderade beskrivningar av framgångsrika aktiviteter och reflektioner kring metaforer samt observationer har användes för att samla in data. Intervju transkripter har analyserats med hjälp av Halldéns teori om intentionell analys för att identifiera lärarnas intentioner med att förlägga lärande utomhus. Lärarnas mål i den kognitiva domänen har analyserats vidare med Blooms reviderade taxonomi. Lärarna har en rad anledningar till lärande utomhus, vilka inkluderar att utöva teoretiska kunskaper genom upplevelsebaserat lärande, att utforska verkliga objekt med hjälp av flera sinnen, att stimulera positiva känslor för naturen, och främja samarbete. Det huvudsakliga syftet med att arrangera utomhuslärande är att skapa en alternativ lärandearena som ett viktigt komplement till klassrumsundervisningen, vilket bidrar till värden i elevernas inlärningsprocess. Lärarna använder en mängd olika utomhusaktiviteter. Resultaten innehåller också en typologi av fyra lärartyper: en som värden affektiva och sociala mål och främjar aktiviteter för att förstå faktakunskap, en annan typ betonar aktiviteter som syftar till att få formella kunskaper och understryker tillämpning av praktiska uppgifter. De andra två lärartyperna fokuserar främst kognitiva mål, dels för att stärka konceptuella kunskaper, dels för att fördjupa förståelsen eller förbättra strategier för att förbättra meta-kognitiv kunskap. Graden av överensstämmelse mellan avsiktliga mål och utförda mål genom aktivitet är högre bland de lärare som främjar affektiva och sociala mål liksom meta-kognitiv och analytisk förståelse, än de lärare som använder utomhusaktiviteter främst för att förstärka konceptuella kunskaper. Avhandlingen visar att det finns en rad möjliga lärandemål i utomhusundervisning samt att lärarna styrs av vad de värderar och hur de uppfattar lärande.
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Butler, Ninah. "High school campus design elements for outdoor-based education amenities." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16935.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Huston Gibson
The research conducted in this thesis explores the relationship between high school campus planning and the potential for high school sites to be used as outdoor classrooms. A review of the design of school buildings and the educational pedagogy that has influenced campus planning and design is presented before exploring current design practices. Precedent studies are offered as examples of exemplary design strategies for multi-use campuses. This leads to the question, “What variables allow future outdoor based education opportunities to be anticipated by site designers of high school campuses?” Four units of analysis and their relationship with site planning will be addressed in this research: environmental factors, space requirements, building proximity, and activity type. A case study based on these units of analysis is used in a multiple case study investigation of three school campuses in the Wichita, Kansas area: Goddard High School, Eisenhower High School, and Maize High School. The methodologies of organization, implementation and analysis of the variables are presented. The patterns found from the multiple case study and the variables developed in response to these findings are offered and discussed. Finally design alternatives for the three case study sites and future research opportunities are provided.
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Zhao, He. "Chinese Primary School Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences of Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149673.

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Outdoor education as a cultural construct comprises outdoor activities, personal and social development, and environmental education. However, the learning process within the Chinese educational system is mainly based on traditional models of teaching. As a relatively new and progressive teaching method, outdoor education tries to find and consolidate its place within the existing educational system. Thus, the aim of the current research is to investigate Chinese primary school teachers' perceptions and experience in outdoor education. Specifically, ten Chinese primary school teachers reported their views and experiences about outdoor education. The current research uses qualitative approach methodology, which specifically is thematic analysis of data extracted from semi-structured interviews with those ten Chinese primary school teachers. From the thematic analysis of the data four themes emerged to report the participants' opinions. The participants revealed their basic knowledge and perceptions about outdoor education and presented examples including some characteristics of outdoor education. However, they emphasized outdoor activities more than other characteristics and tend to consider outdoor education as environmental education, without other essential aims, theories and practices that defined this multidimensional approach. Besides, although Chinese education is still based on traditional teaching and learning approach, the participants showed the willingness to enrich their classes in various ways. The outdoor activities in their classes were mainly combined observation and participation. The participants also revealed that the places they chose were mainly schoolyard and other places out of the classroom but still within the school. Moreover, Chinese primary school teachers acknowledged several benefits of practicing outdoor education such as stimulating multi-senses to help experience, improving social relation and both mental and physical health, promoting educational knowledge and attitude, developing creativity and imagination, and increasing interest and participation. Additionally, the participants reported several barriers that suppress their willingness of practicing outdoor education, such as restricted time, limited place, large population, lack of financial support, air pollution situation, weather factor, insufficient pedagogical training, lack of preparation, teachers' attitude and preference. It is highlighted by the participants that air pollution situation and large population are two essential factors that prevent them applying outdoor education. The above findings contribute to the current limited scientific knowledge concerning the practice of outdoor education in the context of China. Thus, further qualitative research is a prerequisite so that the results of the current research can be testified and be further discussed.
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