Journal articles on the topic 'Outdoor aging test'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Outdoor aging test.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Outdoor aging test.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Qin, Yong Xiong, Jia Fu, Lan Yu, Zi Rong Yang, and Wen Yi Guo. "Comparative Research on Aging Properties of HTV Silicone Rubber via Outdoor Electric Aging and Ultraviolet Accelerated Aging." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.333.
Full textAbstract:
In order to further study the aging properties of high temperature vulcanization (HTV) silicone rubber for composite insulator in the high-altitude region, tests of outdoor electric aging and ultraviolet accelerated aging have been carried out in the paper. The contact angles test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the microscopic physical properties of samples after the aging tests. SEM observed that the surface flatness of samples declined, holes and particles increased on the sample surface, a large number of fillers exposed. The results of FTIR showed that Si-C bonds in the side chain in Si-O backbones were broken by ultraviolet radiation and methyl groups were oxidized, a small amount of fire retardant (Al2O3•3H2O) were decomposed, hydrophilic groups increased, all which have happened on the HTV silicone rubber after both the aging tests under the same ultraviolet radiation. The differences between the aging properties of two kinds of tests are that the aging extent of samples after outdoor electric aging was severer than that in ultraviolet accelerated aging, and the surface hydrophobicity of it after outdoor electric aging increased compared to ultraviolet accelerated aging. The aging of HTV silicone rubber for composite insulator is mainly caused by strong ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude region.
2
Yamaguchi, Katsuyuki, Iwao Sasaki, and Seishi Meiarashi. "Photodegradation test of asphalt binder using pressed thin film samples." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-068.
Full textAbstract:
The photodegradation behavior of a straight asphalt was investigated using a new method "photodegradation test of asphalt binder using pressed thin film samples". Although the photodegradation caused by outdoor exposure is limited to the near surface, the results confirmed that the degree of degradation during 1 to 2 months is more severe than that by the pressure aging vessel (PAV) test, which is designed to simulate the degradation that will occur in the asphalt pavement over 5 to 10 service years.Key words: asphalt binder, aging, photodegradation, thin film, DSR, FTIR.
3
Yang, Xudong, Xiuting Jiang, Jiyong Hu, Fangjuan Wang, and Chun Hu. "Relationship between physical and mechanical properties of accelerated weathering and outdoor weathering of PVC-coated membrane material under tensile stress." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 2 (March 18, 2016): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716639062.
Full textAbstract:
To estimate the photo-oxidation aging performance of PVC-coated membrane material in atmospheric conditions under tensile stresses, the relationship between physical and mechanical properties under accelerated weathering test and outdoor weathering test is studied with the same cumulative UV radiation energy. And then, both tensile strength and whiteness index were measured and compared to characterize the property change of membrane material after aging under four different tensile stresses (0%, 5%, 10% and 20% of the breaking strength), respectively. In addition, FTIR spectrometry was applied to characterize the chemical components of the samples under different weathering conditions, and the carbonyl index was extracted. The results show that there were significant differences of tensile strength and carbonyl index between two kinds of aging conditions, whereas with the increasing tensile stresses, the whiteness index represented a consistent increasing deviation of accelerated weathering from the outdoor weathering. However, the relationship have been built between both whiteness index and tensile strength retention of accelerated weathering and those of outdoor weathering conditions after a Schwarzschild’s modification. Therefore, the service lifespan of PVC-coated membrane materials can be evaluated by accelerated weathering tests under tensile stresses.
4
Zhou, Tong-Yue, Xiao-Mei Yuan, and Xiao-Jun Ma. "Canan Outdoor Multisurface Terrain Enhance the Effects of Fall Prevention Exercise in Older Adults? A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197023.
Full textAbstract:
Walking on complex surface conditions in outdoor environments is important for active aging. This study aimed at examining whether fall prevention exercise integrated with an outdoor multisurface terrain compared with indoor solid ground was more beneficial for older adults. Twenty-two older nursing home residents were randomly assigned to outdoor multisurface terrain (n = 11, 79.5 ± 2.1 years) or indoor solid ground (n = 11, 78.8 ± 5.2 years) groups. Training occurred five times per week (30 min) for 3 weeks. The following performance test outcomes were measured: 10 m walk test (10 mWT), multisurface terrain walk test (MTWT), 2 min walk test (2 MWT), timed up and go test (TUGT), single-leg standing test with eyes open (SLSTEO), single-leg standing test with eyes closed (SLSTEC), and closed cycles test (CCT). Compared with baseline, the outdoor multisurface terrain training significantly improved performance in all tests (p < 0.01). The improvements of the outdoor multisurface terrain group after intervention were significantly higher than those of the indoor solid group in the 10 mWT (p = 0.049), MTWT (p = 0.02), and 2 MWT (p = 0.000). Exercise combined with outdoor multisurface terrain training may be an efficacious approach and a feasible environmental intervention for fall prevention in older adults.
5
Estakhri, Cindy K., and Joe W. Button. "Test Methods for Evaluation of Cold-Applied Bituminous Patching Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1590, no. 1 (January 1997): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1590-02.
Full textAbstract:
A Texas Department of Transportation study performed by the Texas Transportation Institute was undertaken with a goal of providing methods to assure the quality of cold-applied, asphalt-stabilized maintenance mixtures. Test procedures and acceptance criteria were developed for hot-mix, cold-laid asphalt concrete patching mixtures. Two specific objectives were to develop a test procedure to simulate approximately six months of stockpile-aging and a test procedure to quantify workability of maintenance mixtures. The protocol developed is designed to estimate the relative ability of a maintenance mixture to retain adequate workability after outdoor stockpile storage. This protocol could be useful as part of a specification to promote quality. Two test procedures were evaluated regarding their potential to quantify the workability of maintenance mixtures: a triaxial test and an unconfined compression test. Test results indicated that both procedures provide a relatively good measure of workability before and after aging. Two laboratory aging procedures were evaluated for their ability to predict workability of a stockpiled maintenance mixture after six months of field aging. Procedure A appeared to provide a reasonable approximation of six months of field aging.
6
He, Qiang, Wenjie He, Fangyuan Zhang, Yiming Zhao, Lu Li, Xiangjun Yang, and Fengwei Zhang. "Research Progress of Self-Cleaning, Anti-Icing, and Aging Test Technology of Composite Insulators." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081224.
Full textAbstract:
Composite insulators are widely used in power systems because of their advantages of light weight, good pollution resistance, and high mechanical strength. With the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, especially in winter at high latitudes, composite insulators are easily affected by fog, bird droppings, algae, and icing. Long-term exposure to the outdoor insulator surface will cause aging, which will then pose ae potential safety hazard to the stable operation of insulators. Therefore, the self-cleaning, anti-icing, and aging test technologies of composite insulators are particularly important. This paper introduces the research progress and current situation of self-cleaning, anti-icing surface preparation, and aging test technology of composite insulators, and looks forward to the future development of composite insulators.
7
Lu, Ping, Jing Zhang, Wei Bo Huang, and Xu Dong Liu. "Hydrogen Bond of Polyaspartic Ester Polyurea Coatings and its Influence on Aging Behavior." Materials Science Forum 689 (June 2011): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.689.361.
Full textAbstract:
Two types of polyurea coatings based on polyaspartic esters (PAE) (PAE-F1 and PAE-F2) were exposed in salt fog environments and outdoor for different time periods. The aging behaviors of two types of coatings were evaluated by using electronic tensile testing machine, glossmeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the salt fog had a significant effect on the gloss loss, hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl in PAE-F1 and PAE-F2 were 77.1% and 74.9% respectively by the results obtained from FTIR analysis. The index of gloss loss, strength change rate and elongation at break change rate of PAE-F1 and PAE-F2 coatings kept well exposed in outdoor and salt fog environment after 350 days. All test results indicated that PAE coating has excellent aging resistance; PAE-F1 with higher degree of hydrogen bond was more orderly structural and better aging resistant than PAE-F2 coating.
8
Yanagawa, Yasuo, and Katsunori Masuda. "Evaluation of Bonding Durability for Wood Preservative Treated Glulam by Accelerated Aging Test and Outdoor Exposure Test I." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 57, no. 4 (2011): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.57.211.
Full text
9
Yanagawa, Yasuo, and Katsunori Masuda. "Evaluation of Bonding Durability for Wood Preservative Treated Glulam by Accelerated Aging Test and Outdoor Exposure Test II." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 57, no. 5 (2011): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.57.265.
Full text
10
Shan, Bo, Jie Chen, and Yan Xiao. "Mechanical Properties of Glubam Sheets after Artificial Accelerated Aging." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.43.
Full textAbstract:
Glubam is a kind of environmentally friendly and energy efficient composite material in civil engineering developed in recent years. But the mechanical performance after subjected aging under the outdoor conditions is a blank of research field. In this paper, a new artificial accelerated aging test method and equipment for glubam have been presented by authors. The basic material performance, including deformation changing, tensile properties, compressive properties, bending properties and internal bonding strength, are tested according to the equivalent aging duration of 120 days, 240 days, 480 days and 960 days. The failure mode of specimens shows that delamination of glubam caused by dry wet circulation is the main reason for mechanical properties degradation. All test results present monotone decreasing trend and the internal bonding strength is the most sensitive to aging duration. Aging influence factor β, internal bonding correlation coefficient η and internal correlation coefficient θ can be used to evaluate aging performance of glubam, but the accuracy of evaluation results need further research.
11
Fanney, A. Hunter, and Brian P. Dougherty. "Building Integrated Photovoltaic Test Facility*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385823.
Full textAbstract:
The widespread use of building integrated photovoltaics appears likely as a result of the continuing decline in photovoltaic manufacturing costs, the relative ease in which photovoltaics can be incorporated within the building envelope, and the fact that buildings account for over 40% of the U.S. energy consumption. However, designers, architects, installers, and consumers need more information and analysis tools in order to judge the merits of building-integrated solar photovoltaic products. In an effort to add to the knowledge base, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has undertaken a multiple-year project to collect high quality experimental performance data. The data will be used to validate computer models for building integrated photovoltaics and, where necessary, to develop algorithms that may be incorporated within these models. This paper describes the facilities that have been constructed to assist in this effort. The facilities include a mobile tracking photovoltaic test facility, a building integrated photovoltaic test bed, an outdoor aging rack, and a meteorological station.
12
Yu, Jingyu, Guixia Ma, and Shuxia Wang. "Do Age-Friendly Rural Communities Affect Quality of Life? A Comparison of Perceptions from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147283.
Full textAbstract:
The aging population in rural areas of China faces serious challenges due to urban–rural disparities. In order to improve the active aging of rural older adults, the establishment of age-friendly communities is encouraged. However, globally, the focus is on age-friendly communities in urban areas, not reflecting rural communities. Hence, we addressed the importance of age-friendly rural communities (AFRCs) and aimed to investigate their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. We examined different perceptions of AFRCs among older adults (aged over 60) and middle-aged people (45–60) in rural communities with questionnaire surveys (n = 470 and 393, respectively). Several statistical methods, such as Chi-squared test, t-test, reliability test, and multiple regression, were adopted to investigate and compare the perceptions of these two. The results indicated that (1) middle-aged people were more satisfied with AFRC components and had a higher QoL than older adults; (2) the QoL of middle-aged people was predicted by housing, accessibility, and outdoor spaces; (3) the QoL of older adults was affected by housing, outdoor spaces, social participation, and public transportation. These findings aid in our understanding of rural communities and the QoL of rural residents. They are helpful for urban planners and policymakers to improve the planning of AFRCs and supplement research on age-friendly communities in rural areas. Practical implementations are proposed for the planning of AFRCs, such as the passive design of residential housing, grouping of community facilities together, and improvement in the hygiene of outdoor spaces in rural areas.
13
Buschalsky, Andreas, Christian Brischke, Kim Christian Klein, Thomas Kilian, and Holger Militz. "Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238556.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.
14
Ma, Pan, Liu, Jiang, Liu, Zhou, and Tang. "Residual Flexural Performance of Epoxy Polymer Concrete under Hygrothermal Conditions and Ultraviolet Aging." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213472.
Full textAbstract:
Epoxy polymer concrete (EPC) has found increasing applications in infrastructure as a rising candidate among civil engineering materials. In most of its service environments, EPC is inevitably exposed to severe weather conditions, e.g., violent changes in temperature, rain, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this paper, we designed an accelerated aging test for EPC, which includes periodic variation of temperature and water spray, as well as intensive UV-light irradiation, imitating the outdoor environment in South China. The experimental results show that the flexural performance of EPC is found deteriorate with the aging time. An aging process equivalent to four years (UV radiation dose) results in up to 8.4% reduction of flexural strength. To explore the mechanisms of observed performance degradation, the EPC specimen in the four-point-bending test is considered as a layered beam. The analysis indicates that the loss of flexural load-carrying capacity of an aged EPC beam is dominated by the reduction of mechanical properties of the surface layer. The mechanical properties of the surface layer are closely associated with the aging of epoxy mortar, which can be approximated as a reciprocal function of the aging time. By introducing damage to the surface layer into the layered beam, the proposed model demonstrates a good ability to predict the residual flexural strength of EPC during the aging process
15
Mohammed, Salam A., Rahimi M. Yusop, Mohammed Abdulsattar Mohammed, Rasheed Abed Mohammed, Dina S. Ahmed, Ahmed Abdulrazaq Ahmed, Ahmed Abdulelah Ahmed, Basheer Ali, and Emad Yousif. "Additives Aid Switch to Protect the Photodegradation of Plastics in Outdoor Construction." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.22040277.
Full textAbstract:
Poly(vinyl chloride) photodecomposition films that contains melamine Schiff base (0.5% by weight) as photostabilizers upon preservation with an ultraviolet light (UV) was investigated. The photodecomposition rate constant was reduced significantly in existence of melamine Schiff base compared to PVC (blank). The Schiff base 1 was found to most effective additive in PVC photostabilization films. Photodecomposition rate content for PVC films containing Schiff base 1 was found to be 5 × 10-3 sec-1 compared to 8.7 × 10-3 sec-1 for blank film. Ultraviolet radiation aging behaviors of PVC films were studied through leaching test by measuring the degree of migration. The surface morphology of PVC films was inspected by scanning electron microscope.
16
LaCount, Bart J., Jose M. Castro, and Frederick Ignatz-Hoover. "Development of a service-simulating, accelerated aging test method for exterior tire rubber compounds II. Design and development of an accelerated outdoor aging simulator." Polymer Degradation and Stability 75, no. 2 (January 2002): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00220-8.
Full text
17
Rak, Pavol, Dominika Fink, Richard Bureš, and Jan Stoulil. "Novel Procedure for Brochantite Based Pigment Production and Its Immobilization for Restoration of Historical Copper Objects." Coatings 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100972.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the preparation of artificial copper pigment based on brochantite. The pigment was prepared by slow additions of sodium hydroxide solution into the solution of copper sulphate. The studied parameters were addition rate, solutions concentrations, ferrous ion addition, and filtration time. The prepared pigments were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction and spectrophotometry. Subsequent pigment immobilization in an acrylate varnish was also studied. Observed parameters were influenced by solvent type, mechanical or chemical dispersion, and natural aging in an aggressive outdoor atmosphere. Pigment containing varnishes were evaluated by means of spectrophotometry, optical profilometers, and pull-off test. Slow hydroxide addition allows the formation of brochantite pigment. Fast filtration limits backward pigment decomposition. Ferrous ion improves pigment color closer to natural copper patina. The ideal immobilization procedure includes ethylacetate as a solvent and mechanical dispersion. The varnish filled with pigment provides sufficient adhesion to the metallic copper substrate as well as long-term color stability in the outdoor atmosphere.
18
Závada, Vratislav. "The light stability of transparent coating materials is influenced by the location of exposition." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 4 (2010): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058040239.
Full textAbstract:
The ultraviolet radiation (UV), reaching the earth‘s surface, changes color of the paint films. By exposure to weathering, the biggest damage is caused by light, especially short-wavelength UV, high temperature and humidity. Any of these factors can lead to degradation. These natural elements can be reproduced and accelerated in laboratory conditions in test devices, such as the fluorescent UV or xenon-arc test chambers. Such equipment can provide fast and reproducible results. The artificial aging is a useful tool for product research and it is required by many international standards. A major problem in comparing the outdoor and laboratory tests is the fact, that the weathering-chamber enviroment is well controlled, whilst nature is not. The outdoor exposure tests are influenced by many factors, such as altitude, local conditions, seasonal variations, orientation of the sample and variable properties of test materials. Our work compares the influence of altitude of the tested position on light stability of surface finish treatment. The color changes are observed on different kinds of coating paint films with different contents of chemically binded UV stabilizator. Furthermore, the influence of bolstering material was observed. This material was mostly made of woods from temperate clima zone. One tropical wood was used for this purpose as well. The color changes of paint films (∆E) on different bolstering materials were assessed by spectrophotometer.
19
Nguyen, Thien Vuong, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and Thi Hau Nguyen. "The Synergistic Effects of Sio2 Nanoparticles and Organic Photostabilizers for Enhanced Weathering Resistance of Acrylic Polyurethane Coating." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4010023.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to evaluate the synergical effects of SiO2 nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) and organic photostabilizers (Tinuvin 384 (T384) and Tinuvin 292 (T292)) on the weathering resistance of acrylic polyurethane coating. Data obtained from infrared (IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and weight loss of coatings (before and after aging test), suggest that the SiO2 nanoparticles play a dual role, as both reinforcer and UV absorber, thus improving effectively both the mechanical properties and the weathering resistance of polyurethane acrylic coatings. The nanocomposite coating containing 2 wt % nano-SiO2, 2 wt % T384, and 1 wt % T292 exhibits excellent weathering and abrasion resistances, offering a durable outdoor application.
20
Sohail, Muhammad, Salman Amin, Yasir Butt, and Muhammad Bin Zubaid Ramay. "Aging Performance of Low-Density Polyethylene/Silicone Rubber Blends Insulators Under Contaminated Conditions." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol5iss1pp29-34.
Full textAbstract:
Insulation materials are a vital part of the electrical system in all kinds of high voltage (HV) Transmission lines. Environmental stresses affect the performance of all types of insulation materials over time. Dielectric breakdown strength (DBS), Hydrophobicity, Leakage current, internal partial discharge and volume resistivity are all three degraded parameters in the service environment. The materials stand best in outdoor insulation, with the lowest partial discharge, highest breakdown strength, high hydrophobic, Lowest Leakage current, and highest volume resistivity. Enhancement of these parameters is a potential avenue for many researchers over the period. In this study, low-density polyethene (LDPE) under different nanofillers, including SiO2, TiO2, TiO2@SiO2, with different weight percentages, are used. This study investigates the behaviour of dielectric breakdown strength (DBS), Hydrophobicity and Leakage Current (LC) for 1000h test under contaminated conditions such as High voltage, heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiations, salt fog, humidity, and acid rain.
21
Wu, Xuehong, and Yanjun Lv. "Study on the Corrosion Resistance of Laser Clad Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux High-Entropy Alloy Coating in Marine Environment." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121855.
Full textAbstract:
In the marine atmosphere, the corrosion rate of ship components is 4–5 times higher than that of the inland atmosphere. To solve the serious corrosion problem arising from long-term service in the marine environment of naval aircraft and ships, etc., this paper takes Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux system high-entropy alloy coating prepared by laser melting technology with 5083 aluminum alloys as the base material and analyzes the aging and failure mode of equipment coating under a marine atmospheric environment. XRD and SEM were utilized to study the microscopic morphological structure of the coatings. The laws of influence of Cu elements on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux system high-entropy alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl neutral solution was investigated by using dynamic potential polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and neutral salt spray acceleration tests and outdoor atmospheric exposure tests were carried out. The results show that the Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux (x = 0) high-entropy alloy coating has a single BCC phase structure and the Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux (x = 0.30, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00) high-entropy alloy coating consists of both BCC and FCC phases with a typical dendrite morphology. With the increase in Cu content, the self-corrosion potential of Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux gradually increases and the current density gradually decreases, which with the results of the electrochemical impedance spectrum analysis, indicating that the corrosion resistance of Al0.7FeCoCrNiCu1.00 is optimal. The results of the neutral salt spray acceleration test and the outdoor atmospheric exposure test were integrated to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the coating. The corrosion resistance of Al0.7FeCoCrNiCux coating increases with the increase in Cu content, and the impressive strength and plastic deformation are best when x = 0.80. Neutral salt spray accelerated the test with no corrosion at 5040 h, and even if the coating is broken, it can last up to 4320 h. In the outdoor atmospheric exposure test, which was conducted 12 months after the coating surface test, no corrosion occurred.
22
Aoyama, Taizo, Takeshi Sonoda, and Hideki Takebayashi. "Study on the Accelerated Aging Test Method in the Development of a Self-Cleaning Topcoat for Cool Roofs." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060605.
Full textAbstract:
The heat island phenomenon in urban areas has become a problem in the recent years. One measure to overcome this, which has been attracting attention, is painting the cool roof with a paint that has high solar reflectance. However, the solar reflectance has been reported to decrease over time owing to staining from the paint. Our investigations reveal that a self-cleaning paint, based on an acrylic silicone polymer, is effective in maintaining a high solar reflectance and preventing dirt from adhering. These evaluations have been conducted on the cool roof of an actual building by conducting a pollution test under outdoor exposure conditions. In this study, we investigated an accelerated aging test and reported the results. ASTM D7897-15 (ASTM method) is an accelerated pollution test method for cool roofs, which has been established in the United States. In Japan, a similar accelerated pollution test method exists for antifouling civil engineering materials introduced by the Public Works Research Institute in Japan (PWRI method). The ASTM method and PWRI method were compared by conducting a stain acceleration test using a self-cleaning- and conventional-type cool-roof coating. The substitutability of the exposure test, correlation with the exposure test, performance evaluation of the paint, and the effect of the difference in the pretreatment conditions were verified. The results of these tests were reported.
23
HASEGAWA, Takuya, Jaehong PARK, Osamu SENBU, and Hitoshi HAMASAKI. "DETERIORATION OF COATING MATERIALS AND AGING OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON DETERIORATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE BASED ON OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TEST." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 78, no. 686 (2013): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.679.
Full text
24
Fodor, Fanni, and Róbert Németh. "Testing the Photostability of Acetylated and Boiled Linseed Oil-coated Common Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) Wood." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0006.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this study, the effect of acetylation and coating with boiled linseed oil was evaluated concerning the photodegradation of common hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulusL.). To measure colour stability, a 10-month-long outdoor weather resistance test without soil contact was performed as well as artificial aging using a 200 hour mercury-vapour lamp irradiation test. The measurements were done on hornbeam, acetylated hornbeam, boiled linseed oil-treated hornbeam, and acetylated and boiled linseed oil-treated hornbeam samples. The control and treated samples’ colour change was determined by comparing them to the original colour in all cases. The photodegradation process was examined with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Acetylated hornbeam was less prone to crack, but the modification did not hinder the fading and greying caused by UV irradiation. Coating the samples with boiled linseed oil decreased the rate of colour change and cracking. The photodegradation of lignin was confirmed by the FTIR spectra.
25
Ullah, Rahmat, Muhammad Akbar, Nasim Ullah, Sattam Al Otaibi, and Ahmed Althobaiti. "Understanding Variations in the Tracking and Erosion Performance of HTV-SR-Based Composites due to AC-Stressed Aging." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213634.
Full textAbstract:
Among the polymeric family, high-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV-SR) is the most deployed material for high voltage insulation applications. However, in an outdoor environment, due to contamination and wetting-induced dry band arcing, consequently SR experiences surface tracking and erosion. From a practical standpoint, the tracking and erosion performance under multi-stress aging is required to be known. It is in that context that the present study was undertaken to measure and analyze the effect of multi-stress aging on tracking and erosion performance. Composite samples of SR having different filler concentrations of silica and alumina trihydroxide (ATH) were aged in a multi-stress chamber for a period of 5000 h, and after that their electrical tracking performance was studied. Simultaneously, unaged samples were also exposed to tracking test for comparison. To conduct this test, the inclined plane testing technique was used in accordance with IEC-60587. All samples exposed to tracking test were analyzed using different diagnostic and measuring techniques involving surface leakage current measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal stability and hydrophobicity classification. Experimental results shown that the tracking lifetime increased through incorporation of silica and ATH fillers in the SR. Amongst all test samples, two samples designated as filled with 2% nano silica and 20% micro silica/ATH exhibited greater resistance to tracking. This was attributed to the optimum loading as well as better dispersion of the fillers in the polymer matrix. The presence of nano-silica enhanced time-to-tracking failure, owing to both improved thermal stability and enhanced shielding effect on the surface of nanocomposite insulators.
26
Rezaeimalek, Sepehr, Jie Huang, and Sazzad Bin-Shafique. "Performance Evaluation for Polymer-Stabilized Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2657, no. 1 (January 2017): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2657-07.
Full textAbstract:
A poorly graded natural sand was stabilized by using a liquid polymer soil stabilizer from the generic family of styrene acrylics. The stabilized specimens were tested for short-term performance and durability. Short-term performance was evaluated by testing the specimens for unconfined compressive strength shortly after specimen casting. Durability was assessed by testing the specimens that were aged under different scenarios, that is, 24 wet–dry cycles, 24 freeze–thaw cycles, and 8 months of outdoor exposure. In addition, the fatigue response of the stabilized specimens was evaluated by testing their fatigue resistance after 1,000,000 cycles of repetitive loading with 500 and 700 microstrains. The results of such evaluations suggest an acceptable performance of the aged specimens, with limited strength loss after aging. In the fatigue test, the specimens showed a perfectly elastic behavior with no sign of failure. However, because of the unique nature of the test results, further inspections should be conducted to have a better understanding of the potential for using liquid polymer soil stabilizers in pavements.
27
Park, Hee Jeong, Tae Jong Lee, Se Rin Park, and Myoung Nam Kim. "A Comparative Study on Surface Change by Silica Filler of Epoxy Resin Used for Conservation Treatment of Stone Cultural Heritage." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.6.05.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to relieve the stress on outdoor stone cultural heritages that undergo frequent re-conservation treatment owing to the surface change and discoloration of treated areas. To this end, we selected and prepared 19 types of silica fillers as research samples. Half of the surface of each sample was processed, and the accelerated aging test was conducted in accordance with KS M ISO 4892-2. Changes in chromaticity, luster, powderization, pore and crack formation, and roughened surface bluntness depending on the type of silica powder and surface processing applied were determined before and after the test. Comparative studies revealed that the roughened surface of the filler sample made of high-quality amorphous silica (A1), which was mixed with angular and spherical particles, had excellent color and luster stability, with a ◿E*ab of 0.54 (Mean: 9.91) and ◿GU of –0.07 (M: 25.10) respectively; changes in its other properties were negligible. The results of this research indicate that the sustainability of treated areas can be extended by applying favorable conditions during conservation treatment.
28
Niaz, Furquana, Nadia Shams, Sadaf Asim, Humera Maryum, Arshad Ali, and Naresh Kumar Seetlani. "Geriatric dermatosis; The concerns of aging skin." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.11.4050.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To study the cutaneous manifestations in elderly and their association with gender. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Sir Syed Hospital Karachi. Period: Jan 2016 to Jan 2018. Material & Methods: Total 217 geriatric cases (>60 years; both genders) were included from outdoor dermatology clinic. The previous pregnancy, lactation, severe systemic disease and drug induced skin changes were excluded. The association of skin manifestation with gender was analyzed by Chi-square test with significant p<0.05. Results: Among 217 cases, there were 126(58%) females and 91(42%) males. Mean age was 69.3+4.99 years. Wrinkling was seen in 92%, skin laxity in 54.8%, xerosis (43%), dryness (65%), sagging (46%), pigmentation (37%), eczema (25%), sparse hair (21%), skin atrophy (19%), tinea (13%) and LSC (10%). While herpes zoster, psoriasis, onychomycosis, tinea corporis ,asteotic eczema in 7%. Folliculitis 6%, scabies and bullous pemphigoid seen in 5%, while lichen planus, actinic elastosis, BCC, Prurigo nodularis in 3%. Cellulitis, pediculosis, Seborrheic Dermatitis and contact dermatitis were seen in 2% followed by 1% cases of warts, candidiasis, photodermatosis and SCC seen in our study. Folliculitis (6%) was the most frequent bacterial infection followed by impetigo (0.9%). Herpes zoster (6.5%) was frequent among viral infections followed by warts (0.9%) and HSV-1 (0.9%). Tinea (13.4%) was most frequent fungal infection followed by onychomycosis (7%) and candidiasis (0.9%). Scabies was most common parasitic infection (4.6%) followed by pediculosis (2.3%). Eczema seen in 24.8%. The benign dermatosis, Actinic elastosis was frequent (3.2%), stucco keratosis 4(1.8%), Keratoacanthoma (0.9%). Amongst malignancies, BCC was common (3.2%), followed by SCC (1.4%). 5% Bullous Pemphigoid cases were found. The psychocutaneous disorder included LSC (10%), prurigo nodularis (2.8%) and neurotic excoriation (0.9%). Wrinkling, sagging, dryness of skin, actinic keratosis, actinic elastosis was found to be associated with female gender, however cellulitis, squamous cell carcinoma and asteatotic eczema with male gender. Conclusion: Geriatric population is facing multiple dermatological concerns. Contributory factors being the natural aging process, exposure to UV radiation, pathogens, dryness, humidity, temperature and chemical irritants. Female geriatrics are prone to wrinkling, sagging, dryness of skin and male geriatrics to basal cell carcinoma. There is need to address the skin problems in elderly for better quality of life in geriatrics.
29
Zou, Ling, Zhongbo Lou, Minghui Li, Honghua Xue, Yu Chen, and Wengang Zhang. "Study on Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Asphalt Ultraviolet (UV) Aging Based on UV Climate Zoning in China." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146665.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper, based on the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in different areas of China, was to give the corresponding measures to prevent UV aging of asphalt. In this paper, based on the average annual amount of UV radiation in China in the past 30 years and the characteristics of UV aging of asphalt, the climatic zoning of UV radiation of asphalt in China was proposed. A variety of base asphalts and styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified asphalts were selected to carry out a UV radiation test, and the relationship between UV radiation amount and viscosity, low-temperature performance, and the rheological properties of asphalt were studied. The equivalent aging indexes of asphalt during UV radiation were selected, the UV aging equation of asphalt was proposed, and the equivalent UV aging relationship among different UV climate zones was established. The prevention and control strategies of UV aging of asphalt among different zones were proposed, and the above theory was verified using a trial road. The main conclusions in the paper are presented: The climate zoning of asphalt UV radiation in China can be divided into three zones: zone I with an annual UV radiation less than or equal to 69.4 kW·h/m2 in the last 30 years; zone II with an annual UV radiation of 69.4~81.4 kW·h/m2 in the last 30 years; zone III with an annual UV radiation more than or equal to 81.4 kW·h/m2 in the last 30 years. The greater the amount of UV radiation, the greater the loss rate of penetration and ductility. For the same kind of asphalt, there is a relatively stable functional relationship between the loss rate and the amount of UV radiation. The results also show that UV radiation changes the proportion of viscous and elastic components in asphalt, showing that the proportion of viscous components decreases and the proportion of elastic components increases. The penetration loss rate and ductility loss rate of asphalt can be used as equivalent UV aging indexes of asphalt. Under the same outdoor UV irradiation time, for asphalt to achieve the same technical performance as zone I, the anti-UV ability of zone II needs to be improved by more than 5%, and that of zone III needs to be improved by more than 10%. Engineering practice has proved that the zoning established in this paper and the corresponding UV control measures are basically reasonable.
30
Liu, Jiayi, Zhikai Peng, Xiaoxi Cai, You Peng, Jiang Li, and Tao Feng. "Students’ Intention of Visiting Urban Green Spaces after the COVID-19 Lockdown in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 8601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168601.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses students’ perceptions of using urban green spaces (UGSs) after the easing of COVID-19 lockdown in China. We questioned whether they are still mindful of the risks from the outdoor gathering, or conversely, starting to learn the restoration benefits from the green spaces. Online self-reported surveys were distributed to the Chinese students aging from 14 to 30 who study in Hunan and Jiangsu Provinces, China. We finally obtained 608 complete and valid questionnaire forms from all participants. Their intentions of visiting UGSs were investigated based on the extended theory of planned behavior model. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized psychological model. The results have shown good estimation performance on risk perception and perceived knowledge to explain the variances in their attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavior control. Among these three endogenous variables, the perceived behavior control owns the greatest and positive influence on the behavioral intention, inferring that controllability is crucial for students to make decisions of visiting green spaces in a post-pandemic context.
31
Lytras, Dimitrios, Evaggelos Sykaras, Paris Iakovidis, Konstantinos Kasimis, Ioannis Myrogiannis, and Anastasios Kottaras. "Recording of Falls in Elderly Fallers in Northern Greece and Evaluation of Aging Health-Related Factors and Environmental Safety Associated with Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study." Occupational Therapy International 2022 (January 7, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9292673.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Elderly falls constitute a global problem with huge social and economic aspects. Fall risk factors are both intrinsic (physical and psychological) and extrinsic (related with environmental safety). Aim. To record both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and their correlation in elderly fallers in order to suggest specific guidelines for their medical care and environmental modification inside and outside the home. Method. The study involved 150 elderly fallers (median age 70 (67-74)), who completed a record containing information on known risk factors related to their health status, as well as information on the conditions and causes that led to the fall. Each fall was considered an independent event, while measurements were performed regarding balance, strength, their functional ability, and the fear of a possible fall. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were used to record the health and activity status of the participants as well as the fall-related environmental factors. Severity of each fall event across a variety of locations was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the effect of the mean values of functional tests and medical records on the number of fall events. Results. In the span of 12 months, a total of 304 fall events were recorded. Regarding location, 77.6% occurred indoors; more frequent were the bedroom (28.6%) and the bathroom (28%). The interior stairs (10.5%), the kitchen (4.9%), and the living room (3.3%) were the less frequent locations. Concerning danger, falling on the interior stairs caused the longest hospitalization, followed by the kitchen and the bathroom. Extrinsic factors that led to both indoor and outdoor falls were the administration of psychotropic medication, poor space ergonomics, lack of basic safety standards, and poor lighting conditions. Vision problems and dizziness resulted in more falls than other intrinsic factors. Furthermore, reduced performance in the FICSIT-4 test and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, as well as high scores in the CONFbal–GREEK questionnaire and the Short FES-I, shows a linear relationship with an increased number of falls. Conclusions. Ergonomic interventions can help prevent indoor elderly falls. Poor construction and lack of adequate lighting mainly cause outdoor falls. Regular eye examinations, management of vertigo, improvement of the balance and strength of the lower limbs, and reduction of fear of impending falls are the intrinsic factors that help prevent falls the most.
32
Dejvajara, Disatorn, Ranlaphat Aungkasuraphan, Piyathida Palee, Chanodom Piankusol, Wachiranun Sirikul, and Penprapa Siviroj. "Effects of Home-Based Nine-Square Step Exercises for Fall Prevention in Thai Community-Dwelling Older Adults during a COVID-19 Lockdown: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710514.
Full textAbstract:
The deterioration of muscle strength in aging has been associated with fall risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults were restricted from doing outdoor activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nine-Square Step Exercises (NSSE) on improving physical performance and balance in older adults at risk of falling. We conducted an open-labelled, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial in 46 (aged 65–84 years) community-dwelling older adults. They were randomly assigned to an NSSE group (n = 24) instructed to perform the program for at least 45 days over 8 weeks or a control group (n = 22). The outcomes were measured by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand test (FTSS), and hand grip strength during the baseline, 4th and 8th weeks in both groups. A mixed-effect linear regression model analysis was performed to estimate the independent effect of NSSE by the intention-to-treat over the 8-week period. The NSSE group showed significant weekly changes in BBS (β 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.84), TUG (β −0.44, 95% CI: −0.74, −0.14), and FTSS (β −0.52, 95% CI: −0.78, −0.25), demonstrating beneficial improvements in lower extremity and balance, whereas the control group did not demonstrate significant changes over time in any parameter.
33
Cipryan, Lukas, Petr Kutac, Tomas Dostal, Matthew Zimmermann, Miroslav Krajcigr, Vera Jandackova, Radim Sram, Daniel Jandacka, and Peter Hofmann. "Regular running in an air-polluted environment: physiological and anthropometric protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Study – Program 4)." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e040529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040529.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionAmbient air pollution is a global environmental problem, which causes adverse health effects and premature deaths worldwide. Although regular exercise and physical activity have evident health benefits, the influence of long-term air pollution exposure during regular outdoor running has not been definitively clarified.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes the physiological and anthropometric perspectives of the ‘Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment’ Study – Programme 4 (4HAIE). The 4HAIE research project is intended to be a single-centre, prospective, longitudinal and multidisciplinary cohort study. The presented study protocol describes the cross-sectional measurements and analyses. Overall, 1500 adult participants (age 18–65 years), runners and inactive individuals, living in a high or low air-polluted area of the Czech Republic will be recruited. We will measure and analyse biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood, exercise capacity (graded exercise test and spiroergometry), blood pressure, lung function (spirometry), cardiac autonomic regulation and anthropometry (body composition).Ethics and disseminationThe 4HAIE study protocol has already been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ostrava (3/2018). A detailed participant information sheet will be provided to each individual prior to obtaining their written informed consent. The study poses little to no risk to participants. The findings of this study will be disseminated at regional and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and via social and broadcast media.
34
Xiang, Xiaoling, Ruopeng An, and Hyunsung Oh. "The Bidirectional Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Homebound Status Among Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx180.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and homebound status among older adults. Method The study sample included 7,603 community-dwelling older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. A bivariate latent state-trait model of depressive symptoms and homebound status was estimated via structural equation modeling. Results The model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .02, Comparative Fit Index = .97, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .06). The relationship between homebound status and depressive symptoms can be decomposed into three parts: a moderate correlation between the stable trait components (r = .56, p <.001); a contemporary association of the state components (b = .17, p <.001); and bidirectional lagged effects between the state components. Change in homebound status was as a stronger predictor of depressive symptoms (b = .19, p < .001) than change in depressive symptoms was of homebound status (b = .06, p < .001; test of difference: Δ scaled χ2(1) = 24.2, p < .001). Discussion Homebound status and depressive symptoms form a feedback loop to influence each other. Improving the outdoor mobility of older adults may have immediate benefits for reducing depressive symptoms.
35
Li, Jintao, Yan Dai, Cynthia Changxin Wang, and Jun Sun. "Assessment of Environmental Demands of Age-Friendly Communities from Perspectives of Different Residential Groups: A Case of Wuhan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159120.
Full textAbstract:
Age-friendly communities (AFCs) are an important measure for fostering active aging. The key to achieving an age-friendly living environment is to construct or renovate it according to the residents’ demands. To date, very few studies have attempted to delve into the AFCs’ environmental demand from different groups’ perspectives. Based on the theory of place attachment, the aim of this paper is to explore the demand diversity of different groups for the AFC environment. This study employs the nonparametric test and the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) to investigate the demands from the residents’ perspectives, and is enhanced by incorporating experts’ opinions. The empirical analysis shows that residents have a high level of demand for the physical environment (indoor and outdoor) and social environment (community services and social participation). At the same time, experts advocate the importance of using digital technologies to support people aged 45–65 who have higher requirements for a community environment than older adults. The findings also show that other backgrounds, such as gender, living arrangements, and year of the community establishment, lead to different demands. However, the impact of residents’ education level, occupation, income, and self-care ability on the environmental demands is low. Based on the research findings, the paper provides some practical suggestions for the future design and development of AFCs.
36
Leung, Mei-yung, Qi Liang, and Jon Pynoos. "The effect of facilities management of common areas on the environment domain of quality of life or older people in private buildings." Facilities 37, no. 3/4 (February 28, 2019): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2017-0030.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe world was facing significant aging challenges. Aging in place has long been advocated which reflected the preference of older people to stay in their own home as long as possible. A huge amount of older people resided in private buildings that consist of both indoor settings (i.e. individual unit flats) and outdoor settings (i.e. common areas like lobby and corridor). The effect of indoor environment on the quality of life of the older people has been investigated, while this paper aims to examine the different effect of common areas environment for the older people.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was administered among over 300 older people living in private buildings. Multiple statistical techniques, including reliability test, correlation coefficient and multiple regression models, were used to analyze the collected data to determine the interactions between facilities management of the common areas in private buildings and the environment domain of quality of life for older people.FindingsThe final results were concluded based on the congruence of all the statistical results, which covered the identification of facilities management factors in common areas of private buildings that could influence the environment domain of quality of life for older people, including overall environment, health-care accessibility, information acquisition and transportation aspects; the overall environment was positively predicted by space and security in common areas of private building; health-care accessibility was positively affected by space, barrier-free facilities and recreational facilities; the information acquisition was only positively predicted by security; transportation was positively predicted by distance and recreational facilities; and building services of common areas in private buildings had no effect on the environment domain of quality of life for older people.Originality/valuePractical recommendations have been made to improve the facilities management of common areas in private buildings to ensure the quality of life for older people, including provision of walking assistance, motion or infrared controlled systems and so on. This study contributed to enhance current understanding of the interactions between the older people and their living environment.
37
Grande, Giulia, Jing Wu, Petter L. S. Ljungman, Massimo Stafoggia, Tom Bellander, and Debora Rizzuto. "Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 80, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200852.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear. Objectives: 1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association. Methods: We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25%fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model. Results: We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2–3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74–1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%. Conclusion: Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.
38
Sandvoll, Anne Marie, Ellen Karine Grov, and Morten Simonsen. "Nursing home residents’ ADL status, institution-dwelling and association with outdoor activity: a cross-sectional study." PeerJ 8 (October 19, 2020): e10202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10202.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction The Norwegian regulations for nursing homes consider access to meaningful activities to be an indicator for the quality of nursing homes. Activities of daily living (ADL) provide important basic self-care skills for nursing home residents. Due to the physical changes caused by ageing and comorbidities, nursing home residents may experience functional decline over time, which may affect their ability to perform meaningful ADL, such as outdoor activity, which is considered a valuable and meaningful activity in Norwegian culture. This study aimed to investigate the association between ADL status, institution-dwelling and outdoor activity among nursing home residents. Methods This cross-sectional study included 784 residents aged >67 years living in 21 nursing homes in 15 Norwegian municipalities between November 2016 and May 2018. The Barthel Index was used to assess the nursing home residents’ ADL status. Other variables collected were age, gender, body weight and height, visits per month, institution, ward, and participation in weekly outdoor activities. Descriptive statistics were used to provide an overview of the residents’ characteristics. A Poisson regression model was used to test the association between the outdoor activity level as the dependent variable and ADL score, institution, and other control variables as independent variables. Results More than half (57%) of the nursing home residents in this sample did not go outdoors. More than 50% of the residents had an ADL score <10, which indicates low performance status. Further, we found that residents’ ADL status, institution, ward, and number of visits had an impact on how often the residents went outdoors. Discussion The nursing home residents in this study rarely went outdoors, which is interesting because Norwegians appreciate this activity. Differences in the number of visits might explain why some residents went outdoors more often than other residents did. Our findings also highlight that the institutions impact the outdoor activity. How the institutions are organized and how important this activity is considered to be in the institutions determine how often the activity is performed. Conclusion The low frequency of the outdoor activities might be explained by a low ADL score. More than 50% of the residents had an ADL score <10, which indicates low performance status. Despite regulations for nursing home quality in Norway, this result suggests that organizational differences matter, which is an important implication for further research, health policy and practice.
39
Köhl, M., K. Gindele, U. Frei, and T. Häuselmann. "Accelerated ageing test procedures for selective absorber coatings including lifetime estimation and comparison with outdoor test results." Solar Energy Materials 19, no. 3-5 (November 1989): 257–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(89)90011-7.
Full text
40
MIYAUCHI, Hiroyuki, Yoshiaki TAKEMOTO, and Kyoji TANAKA. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED ARTIFICIAL AGEING TEST APPARATUS FOR SEALANTS SYNCHRONIZED WITH OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TESTING." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 72, no. 615 (2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.72.39_3.
Full text
41
Kubinyi, Eniko, and Ivaylo B. Iotchev. "A Preliminary Study toward a Rapid Assessment of Age-Related Behavioral Differences in Family Dogs." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071222.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last few years, several efforts have been undertaken to characterize the aging process in dogs. In the present study, we evaluate a short protocol measuring dogs’ cognitive, social, and physical capacities. Our aim was to develop a feasible test battery, with minimal pre-training requirements, no complex devices, and which is set outdoors (i.e., a specific testing room is not needed). As ageing in dogs is usually associated with a decrease in activity, we also assessed the personality trait activity/excitability with a dog personality questionnaire. Four subtests proved sensitive to the dogs’ age. In particular, old dogs displayed less approaching and following behaviors toward an unknown but friendly human, showed both less avoidance and interest toward a novel object, looked less at the owner when faced with an unsolvable problem, and performed worse on the short-term memory task. Previous test procedures for investigating age-related changes involve expensive and/or complicated devices and extensive pre-training. The main advantage of the proposed battery is to reduce costs and efforts in veterinary assessments. Further tests in same-breed, large samples and between dogs with mild and severe cognitive impairments will be needed in order to further validate the battery.
42
Cassarino, Marica, Eleanor Bantry-White, and Annalisa Setti. "Cognitive and Sensory Dimensions of Older People’s Preferences of Outdoor Spaces for Walking: A Survey Study in Ireland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 14, 2019): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081340.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Physical exercise, particularly walking, benefits healthy ageing. Understanding the environmental circumstances in which exercise occurs is crucial to the promotion of physical activity in older age. Most studies have focused on the structural dimensions of environments that may foster walking; however, individual differences in how older people perceive and interact with outdoor spaces need further attention. This study explored the cognitive and sensory dimensions of preferences of outdoor spaces for walking. Methods: We invited 112 healthy community-dwelling people aged ≥60 years to complete a survey to test associations between walking preferences and cognitive/sensory vulnerability. A subsample also completed focus groups/walk along interviews to explore qualitatively the cognitive/sensory reasons for outdoor walking preferences. Results: While most participants indicated a preference for outdoor spaces that offer variety and greenery, we observed a complex association between individual cognitive/sensory needs (stimulation seeking vs. avoidance), preferences for social interactions, and the place of residence urbanity level. Furthermore, walking preferences varied based on the purpose of the walk (recreation vs. transportation). Conclusions: Our findings support an ecological approach to understanding determinants of physical activity in older age, which consider the interaction between individual cognitive processing and the environment.
43
Mastroianni, Simone, Alessandro Lanuti, Stefano Penna, Andrea Reale, Thomas M. Brown, Aldo Di Carlo, and Franco Decker. "Physical and Electrochemical Analysis of an Indoor-Outdoor Ageing Test of Large-Area Dye Solar Cell Devices." ChemPhysChem 13, no. 12 (August 13, 2012): 2925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200110.
Full text
44
Timoncini, Andrea, Erika Brattich, Elena Bernardi, Cristina Chiavari, and Laura Tositti. "Safeguarding outdoor cultural heritage materials in an ever-changing troposphere: Challenges and new guidelines for artificial ageing test." Journal of Cultural Heritage 59 (January 2023): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2022.12.003.
Full text
45
Murukesu, Resshaya, Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh, Suzana Shahar, and Ponnusamy Subramaniam. "104 Sociodemographic, Cognitive & Physical Function Characteristics among Older Adult Fallers with and without Cognitive Frailty: Preliminary Results." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (December 2019): iv18—iv27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.104.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Older adults with frailty and cognitive impairment are more susceptible to falls. The risk factor of falls and faller profiles among older adults in general has been established. However, information regarding potential risk factors and faller patterns among older adults with cognitive frailty is limited. Objective To examine the sociodemographic, cognitive and physical function characteristics of fallers with and without cognitive frailty. Methods A total of 133 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were screened at three older adult activity centres in Kuala Lumpur. Sociodemographic details were obtained via interview. Cognitive Frailty was identified using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Fried Frailty Index. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit Span (DS) test and Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The Senior Fitness test was used to asses physical function. Characteristics of falls were documented using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was descriptively analysed; independent T-test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results Prevalence of falls was 21.1% (n=28). Within fallers, 42.9% (n=12) were cognitively frail and 57.1% (n=16) were not. Fallers with cognitive frailty were significantly older (mean age = 72.31±5.29) (p<0.001), had lower MMSE scores (p<0.01), lower 2 Minute Step test scores (p<0.001) and lower Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores (p<0.05). Descriptively, fallers with cognitive frailty were mostly recurrent fallers (67%), sustained falls outdoors due to ‘slip and fall’ and majority sought medical attention after the fall(s). Conclusion Fallers with cognitive frailty were older and had lower physical and cognitive function as compared to those without. There is a need to further understand the relationship between falls and cognitive frailty in order to provide holistic fall prevention and management strategies. Acknowledgement of grant UKM(DCP-2017-002/2) and Ministry of Higher Education(LRGS/BU/2012/UKM-UKM/K/01).
46
MacDonald, Monica, Martin Sénéchal, Brianna Leadbetter, and Danielle R. Bouchard. "Fear of Falls Following an Online Exercise Program for Aging Adults." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 9 (January 2023): 233372142311513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214231151357.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals who participate in regular exercise tend to report a lower fear of falling; however, it is unknown if this fear can be reduced following an online fall prevention exercise program. The main purpose of this study was to test if offering a peer-led fall prevention exercise program online reduced the fear of falling and if this potential improvement was greater than when the program was offered in person. The secondary objectives were to describe participants’ characteristics when participating online, the rate of falls and the context in which falls occur. A total of 85 adults aged 69.0 ± 7.8 years participated in the program offered online ( n = 44) and in-person ( n = 41). No significant differences in fear of falling before and after participation in the program were reported for either group: online (20.7 ± 5.1–21.8 ± 5.5) and in-person (20.6 ± 5.1–21.2 ± 5.3). Online participants reported a greater proportion of falls ( n = 9; 20.5% vs. n = 4; 9.8%; p = .14), mostly occurring outdoors ( n = 7) (77.8). A properly designed study is needed to test if the rate of falls is greater when an exercise program is offered online.
47
Garg, Navneet, Hasan Kazmee, Lia Ricalde, and Timothy Parsons. "Rutting Evaluation of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete under High Aircraft Tire Pressure and Temperature at National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 23 (September 1, 2018): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794293.
Full textAbstract:
The aircraft industry’s propensity to increase the range of aircraft results in increased gross weight and tire pressure. Therefore, performance assessment of airfield asphalt concrete mixes under such high tire pressure and extreme environmental exposure becomes imperative for sustainable design implementation. Moreover, a lack of scientific information on the field performance has been a major roadblock in the adoption of green technologies like warm mix asphalt (WMA). An accelerated pavement testing study was undertaken at the Federal Aviation Administration’s National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center to evaluate the rutting performance of hot and warm asphalt mixes at two different binder grades. Six test lanes were constructed – four outdoors and two indoors, each encompassing three different test sections. The constructed test sections were subjected to different combinations of tire pressure, temperature, and environmental exposure using a custom-designed airport heavy vehicle simulator. Both field performance and laboratory characterization tests indicated that WMA exhibited comparable performance to hot mix asphalt. Environmental aging was found to be conducive to the curing and enhanced rutting performance of polymer-modified WMA.
48
Menz, Hylton B., Maria Auhl, and Shannon E. Munteanu. "Effects of Indoor Footwear on Balance and Gait Patterns in Community-Dwelling Older Women." Gerontology 63, no. 2 (September 3, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448892.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Footwear worn indoors is generally less supportive than outdoor footwear and may increase the risk of falls. Objective: To evaluate balance ability and gait patterns in older women while wearing different styles of indoor footwear: a backless slipper and an enclosed slipper designed to optimise balance. Methods: Older women (n = 30) aged 65-83 years (mean 74.4, SD 5.6) performed a series of laboratory tests of balance ability (postural sway, limits of stability, and tandem walking, measured with the NeuroCom® Balance Master) and gait patterns (walking speed, cadence, and step length, measured with the GAITRite® walkway) while wearing (1) socks, (2) backless slippers with a soft sole, and (3) enclosed slippers with a firm sole and Velcro® fastening. Perceptions of the footwear were also documented using a structured questionnaire. Results: Significant overall effects of footwear were observed for postural sway, the limits of stability test (directional control), the tandem walk test (step width and end sway), and temporospatial gait patterns (walking speed, cadence, and step length). No footwear effects were observed for maximum excursion when performing the limits of stability test or for speed when performing the tandem walk test. Post hoc tests indicated that performances were best while wearing the enclosed slippers, intermediate with socks, and worst with backless slippers. The enclosed slippers were perceived to be more attractive, comfortable, and well fitted, but heavier than the backless slippers. Most participants (n = 23; 77%) reported that they would consider wearing the enclosed slippers to reduce their risk of falling. Conclusion: Indoor footwear with an enclosed heel, Velcro® fastening, and a firm sole optimises balance and gait compared to backless slippers, and is therefore recommended to reduce the risk of falling.
49
Abt, Tobias, Guillermo Álvarez, Cristina Rodríguez, and Maria Lluisa Maspoch. "Using the small punch test to analyse the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the mechanical behaviour of recycled polyethylene terephthalate." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 54, no. 7-8 (March 11, 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324719833237.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of small punch test as a tool for analysing the mechanical response of small plastic parts or specimens. Here, the small punch test was used to study the possible influence of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the mechanical properties of outdoor furniture made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate in the frame of an industrial project with participants from both industry and academia. The industrial project partners prepared four types of masterbatches in order to stabilize the recycled polyethylene terephthalate and to minimize photodegradation as well as colour change in the final product. The masterbatches contained red pigments, antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers. Flat sample plates were injection moulded from recycled polyethylene terephthalate and these masterbatches. Some sample plates were used as-moulded, some samples received a thermal treatment in order to post-crystallize the bottle-grade recycled polyethylene terephthalate and some other samples were subjected to ultraviolet radiation for 900 h. In the frame of an industrial project, the ultraviolet ageing was performed superficially only on one side of the plates in order to evaluate the colour change. The three sets of samples were analysed by means of tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry and intrinsic viscosity. However, the irradiated samples could not be tested with tensile tests due to their small size. Therefore, the small punch test was used to accurately characterize these small samples. The feasibility of the small punch test as a valid mechanical characterization method for these types of materials was demonstrated by comparing the small punch test results from the unradiated samples with the tensile test ones. The mechanical parameters obtained from both types of tests showed the same results. Although the used industrial ultraviolet ageing process produced a colour change in the studied recycled polyethylene terephthalate samples, it was possible to verify via small punch tests that the mechanical properties were not affected.
50
Kusumawati, Andriani, and Karisma Sri Rahayu. "The effect of experience quality on customer perceived value and customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty." TQM Journal 32, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-05-2019-0150.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeTo test the effect of experience quality on customer perceived value and customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty to the visitors of natural nuanced outdoor cafés in the hilly areas of Joyo Agung, Malang.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses four variables, namely experience quality, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The population used in this research was all customers or visitors who buy and enjoy the products and services provided by the natural outdoor cafés in Malang. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) as inferential statistical technique.Findings1) Quality experience has a significant effect on customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty; 2) customer perceived value has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; and 3) customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty.Originality/valueBased on the results of previous research and the phenomenon that has been described previously, the research gaps found in this study are: (1) the relationship between experience quality and customers’ perceived values. (2) There are differences in the relationship between experience quality and customer satisfaction found in the research, which examines the effect of experience quality on customer loyalty. (3) Experience quality and customer loyalty variables still differ in the research concerning the effect of experience quality on customer loyalty. (4) The influence of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is still different in the research results regarding the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty.