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Hovdestad, W., M. Shields, G. Williams, and L. Tonmyr. "Vulnerability within families headed by teen and young adult mothers investigated by child welfare services in Canada." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 35, no. 8/9 (November 2015): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.35.8/9.06.
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Introduction Young mothers’ families are at increased risk of child maltreatment and other poor health and social outcomes. Methods Young mothers’ families are at increased risk of child maltreatment and other poor health and social outcomes. Results Twenty-six percent of young mothers were 18 years or younger. Most (68% of teen-mother families and 57% of families with a young adult mother) received social assistance as their main source of income compared with 36% of families with a mother aged 22 years or older. Teen and young adult mothers were more likely than those aged 22 or older to have childhood histories of out-of-home care (31% and 23% vs. 10%) and were more likely to have risk factors such as alcohol abuse (25% and 23% vs. 18%) and few social supports (46% and 41% vs. 37%). Secondary caregivers in families with young mothers also had more risk factors. Teen and young adult mother families were more likely to have their child placed out-of-home during the investigation (29% and 27% vs. 17%). All were equally likely to be victims of domestic violence and to have mental health issues. Conclusion Within this sample of high-risk families, young mothers’ families were more at risk than comparison families. Mothers’ youth may be a useful criterion to identify families for targeted interventions.
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Fisher, Carla L., Gemme Campbell-Salome, Diliara Bagautdinova, Kevin B. Wright, Larry F. Forthun, Kelsey C. Bacharz, M. Devyn Mullis, et al. "Young Adult Caregiving Daughters and Diagnosed Mothers Navigating Breast Cancer Together: Open and Avoidant Communication and Psychosocial Outcomes." Cancers 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 3864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153864.
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For many diagnosed mothers and their daughters, breast cancer is a shared experience. However, they struggle to talk about cancer. This is particularly true when the daughter is in adolescence or young adulthood, as they tend to be more avoidant, which is associated with poorer biopsychosocial outcomes. When daughters are their mother’s caregivers, daughters’ burden and distress are heightened. Young adult caregiving daughters (YACDs) are the second most common family caregiver and encounter more distress and burden than other caregiver types. Yet, YACDs and their diagnosed mothers receive no guidance on how to talk about cancer. Thirty-nine mother/YACD pairs participated in an online survey to identify challenging topics and strategies for talking about cancer, and to explore associations between openness/avoidance and psychosocial outcomes. YACDs and mothers reported the same challenging topics (death, treatment-related issues, negative emotions, relational challenges, YACDs’ disease risk) but differed on why they avoided the topic. YACDs and mothers identified the same helpful approaches to navigate conversations (openness, staying positive, third-party involvement, avoidance). Avoidance was correlated with more distress whereas openness was correlated with better psychosocial outcomes. These results provide a psychosocial map for a mother-YACD communication skills intervention, which is key to promoting healthy outcomes.
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Powell, Robyn M., Susan L. Parish, and Ilhom Akobirshoev. "Health of Young Children Whose Mothers Have Intellectual Disability." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 121, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.4.281.
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Abstract Understanding the needs and experiences of parents with intellectual disability (ID) and their children is critical to ensuring that policies can effectively support these families. This research analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the health outcomes of U.S. children whose mothers have (n = 263) and do not have ID (n = 1,298). Compared to mothers without ID, mothers with ID experienced worse outcomes related to socioeconomic status, limited support networks, and poor self-reported health. However, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mother's intellectual disability was not associated with a child having fair or poor health, asthma, or being overweight or obese.
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Pogarsky, Greg, Terence P. Thornberry, and Alan J. Lizotte. "Developmental Outcomes for Children of Young Mothers." Journal of Marriage and Family 68, no. 2 (May 2006): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00256.x.
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Cui, Ming, Mellissa Gordon, and K. A. S. Wickrama. "Romantic Relationship Experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 10 (July 3, 2014): 1458–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14540158.
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With most current studies focusing on the snapshot of family structure and offspring relationship outcomes, this study examined how children’s exposure to mothers’ cumulative relationship history affected the likelihood of their own romantic involvement in adolescence and relationship frequency from adolescence to young adulthood. Using a large, nationally representative dataset, this study found that the number of mothers’ relationship transitions was positively associated with both the likelihood of romantic involvement among adolescent children and relationship frequency their children had from adolescence to young adulthood. Further, the association between mothers’ relationship transitions and young adults’ relationship frequency was mediated by mother-adolescent relationship closeness and young adults’ attitude towards marriage and relationships. Finally, an interaction between mother-adolescent relationship closeness and adolescent gender on young adults’ relationship frequency was found.
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Noor, Tania, Nasrin Sultana, Sharmin Mostafa, Sunjana Binte Sukur, and Nila Akter Keya. "Feto-maternal Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adult Primigravid Mothers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh." Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2024): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.3329/jawmc.v12i1.75256.
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Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide common health problem bearing serious social and medical implications relating to maternal and child health. In Bangladesh, pregnancy among adolescent girls is high. Approximately 66% of women under 18 years old reporting a first birth.Objectives: We aimed to examine the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of adolescent mother associated with first birth.Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken to compare the different socio-demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of adolescent primigravida mothers with those of adult primigravida mothers in a tertiary-care hospital in Bangladesh. A sample of 61 adolescent mothers in cases and 61 adult mothers of comparison group comprised the study subjects. Data were collected through interviews and by observations using a predesigned schedule. Results: Results revealed that the adolescent mothers had a higher incidence (24.6%) of caesarian deliveries compared to 4.9% in the adult mother (OR: 6.304, 95% CI: 1.712-23.1, p=0.002). Term delivery was also higher 85.2% among adolescent group (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.161-6.842, P=0.019). However, adult mother had greater incidence of postdated delivery (OR: 0.236, 95% CI: 0.073-0.764, P=0.011) and spontaneous onset of labor (OR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.212-0.921, P=0.028). There was no significant difference found regarding neonatal outcomes like preterm, low birth weight, low APGAR score and NICU admission. Most of the adolescent mother are jobless in comparison to adult mother (p=0.015).Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy is still a rampant and important public-health problem in Bangladesh with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes which can be overcome by creating awareness with quality antenatal, intranasal and postnatal care. The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 12 (1), Jan 2024; p 24-31
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Pinkham, Ashley M., Tanya Kaefer, and Susan B. Neuman. "Does Mother Know Best? Maternal Knowledge Calibration Predicts Children’s Oral Language Development." Child Development Research 2014 (April 30, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/387637.
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For young children, maternal testimony is an important source of knowledge. Research suggests that children privilege assertions expressed with certainty; however, adults frequently overestimate their knowledge, which may lead them to express certainty about incorrect information. This study addressed three questions. (1) To what extent do mothers convey domain knowledge when talking to their kindergartners? (2) Do mothers successfully calibrate their knowledge during these conversations? (3) Does mothers’ knowledge calibration predict their children’s language outcomes? Forty-nine mother-child dyads read a picture book about a familiar domain. Mothers’ assertions of domain knowledge were coded for accuracy and expressed certainty. Results revealed that mothers tended to overestimate their knowledge. Knowledge calibration accuracy positively predicted child outcomes. Successful calibration was associated with stronger vocabulary knowledge and listening comprehension, whereas poor knowledge calibration was associated with weaker child outcomes. Knowledge calibration may be a crucial factor in the successful transmission of knowledge during mother-child conversations and impact children’s language development.
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Pun, K. D., and M. Chauhan. "Outcomes Of Adolescent Pregnancy at Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i1.6263.
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Background Adolescence Pregnancy is a social problem worldwide with serious implication of maternal and child health. This study purposed to compare the maternal and neonatal outcome of the teenage mothers (15- 19 years) with that of the young mothers (20-24 years) to determine if adolescent pregnancies have increased risk of adverse outcomes. Objectives This st udy aims to find out the outcomes of adolescent pregnancy at Kathmandu Univeristy Hospital, Dhulikhel Hospital, KAvre. Methods Descriptive cross sectional study was done. The study included all primiparous mothers of age 15-19 (n=168) and 20-24 (n=401) recorded in the delivery record book of Dhulikhel Hospital from June 2007 to May 2008. Chi-square test and relative risk (RR) for subgroups of study population was examined using the SPSS version 10.0. Results The low birth weight baby among teenage mothers and young mothers were 28% and 26.7% respectively (p=0.572). The Relative risk of low birth weight among adolescent is 1.1 (0.75-1.684) times to that of young mothers at 95% confidence interval. Preterm birth was not associated with adolescence pregnancy (7% Vs. 11.5%, p=0.141). Normal delivery was the common mode of delivery among both groups (77.4% Vs. 74.6%). Among the neonatal complication, newborns of adolescents had greater neonatal complications than newborns of the young mothers (17.2% Vs 16.7%). Maternal complication like antepartum hemorrhage (2.4% Vs. 1.7%) and postpartum hemorrhage (0.6% Vs. 0.2%) was higher among adolescents. ConclusionsLow birth weight, common neonatal complication, antepartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage are found more in adolescent group, however statistically insignificant.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i1.6263 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(1):50-3
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Allen, Lowri A., Rebecca L. Cannings-John, Annette Evans, Daniel S. Thayer, Robert French, Shantini Paranjothy, David L. Fone, Colin M. Dayan, and John W. Gregory. "Pregnancy in teenagers diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: a national population-based e-cohort study." Diabetologia 63, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05063-w.
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Abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancies in a national cohort of teenage (<20 years) and young adult women (≥20 years) with and without childhood-onset (<15 years) type 1 diabetes. We hypothesised that, owing to poor glycaemic control during the teenage years, pregnancy outcomes would be poorer in teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes and mothers without diabetes. Methods The Brecon Register of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Wales since 1995 was linked to population-based datasets in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, creating an electronic cohort (e-cohort) of legal births (live or stillbirths beyond 24 weeks’ gestation) to women aged less than 35 years between 1995 and 2013 in Wales. Teenage pregnancy rates were calculated based on the number of females in the same birth cohort in Wales. Pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, congenital malformations, stillbirths and hospital admissions during the first year of life, were obtained from electronic records for the whole Welsh population. We used logistic and negative binomial regression to compare outcomes among teenage and young adult mothers with and without type 1 diabetes. Results A total of 197,796 births were eligible for inclusion, including 330 to girls and women with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, of whom 68 were teenagers (age 14–19 years, mean 17.9 years) and 262 were young adults (age 20–32 years, mean 24.0 years). The mean duration of diabetes was 14.3 years (9.7 years for teenagers; 15.5 years for young adults). Pregnancy rates were lower in teenagers with type 1 diabetes than in teenagers without diabetes (mean annual teenage pregnancy rate between 1999 and 2013: 8.6 vs 18.0 per 1000 teenage girls, respectively; p < 0.001). In the background population, teenage pregnancy was associated with deprivation (p < 0.001), but this was not the case for individuals with type 1 diabetes (p = 0.85). Glycaemic control was poor in teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes (mean HbA1c based on closest value to conception: 81.3 and 80.2 mmol/mol [9.6% and 9.5%], respectively, p = 0.78). Glycaemic control improved during pregnancy in both groups but to a greater degree in young adults, who had significantly better glycaemic control than teenagers by the third trimester (mean HbA1c: 54.0 vs 67.4 mmol/mol [7.1% vs 8.3%], p = 0.01). All adverse outcomes were more common among mothers with type 1 diabetes than mothers without diabetes. Among those with type 1 diabetes, hospital admissions during the first year of life were more common among babies of teenage vs young adult mothers (adjusted OR 5.91 [95% CI 2.63, 13.25]). Other outcomes were no worse among teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than among young adult mothers with diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation Teenage girls with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Wales are less likely to have children than teenage girls without diabetes. Teenage pregnancy in girls with type 1 diabetes, unlike in the background population, is not associated with social deprivation. In our cohort, glycaemic control was poor in both teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes. Pregnancy outcomes were comparable between teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes, but hospital admissions during the first year of life were five times more common among babies of teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than those of young adult mothers with diabetes.
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Hayatbakhsh, Mohammad R., Stuart A. Kinner, Konrad Jamrozik, Jake M. Najman, and Abdullah A. Mamun. "Maternal Partner Criminality and Cannabis use in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 6 (June 2007): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701341897.
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Objectives: The present study examined whether the experience of the arrest or incarceration of a mother's partner before a child reached 14 years of age was associated with use of cannabis in early adulthood and, if so, whether this association was confounded or mediated by other factors. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The history of partner arrest and incarceration was reported by mothers at the 14 year follow up. Mothers were divided into four groups: mothers whose partner had no history of arrest or incarceration, mothers reporting partner arrest, mothers reporting partner incarceration, and unpartnered mothers. Young adults’ cannabis use was assessed at 21 years. Other covariates were prospectively measured between birth and 14 years. Results: After controlling for potential confounding and mediating factors, frequent use of cannabis at age 21 was more likely among young adults with a history of maternal partner arrest (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.8). There was no significant association between maternal partner incarceration or single motherhood, and cannabis use at age 21. Conclusions: Arrest of the mother's partner before the child is 14 is associated with that child's increased cannabis use at age 21 but this does not appear to be the case for children whose fathers have been imprisoned. It appears that for children whose fathers have been arrested, the father's ongoing presence in the family may result in worse outcomes for the child, including an increased risk of cannabis use in young adulthood.
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Santappanavar, Malavika P., Habeeb U. Khan, Jaidev M. D., and Pavan Hegde. "Study of the neonatal outcomes in babies born to elderly mothers and young mothers." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180566.
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Background: More and more women are focusing on obtaining higher education and reaching career objectives. This has in turn, lead to delayed marriage and child birth at a later age. Advanced maternal age at birth has been found to be associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to know the neonatal outcome in elderly mothers and young mothers, and to compare the neonatal outcome of these two groups. Methods: Present study was a cross sectional, analytical case control study, done in babies delivered to mothers >35 years and <35 years. Information like period of gestation, birth weight, APGAR at 1 minute and 5 minutes, NICU admissions, neonatal outcome like respiratory distress, jaundice, convulsion, etc. were recorded in a proforma. Collected data was analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: In the present study, total sample size was 460 (230 cases and 230 controls). Incidence of preterm deliveries, Low birth weight, NICU admissions were significantly more in case group (babies born to mothers >35 years) than the control group (babies born to mothers between 19 to 35 years).Conclusions: It was observed that low birth weight, prematurity and NICU admissions were more common in babies born to elderly mothers.
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He, Jie, Shuyi Zhai, Weiyang Wu, and Liyue Lou. "Outcomes of temperamental inhibition in young children are moderated by attentional biases." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 6 (August 19, 2016): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025416664196.
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The current longitudinal study examined the association of temperamental inhibition (assessed by behavioral observation and parental reports) at three years old with reward and punishment bias (measured by a spatial cueing task) and mothers’ and teachers’ reports of internalizing behaviors and social competence at five years old in 153 Chinese children. As predicted, behavioral inhibition positively predicted later mother-rated internalizing behaviors. In addition, punishment bias moderated this relation such that children with higher punishment bias showed a positive inhibition–internalizing link. Furthermore, inhibition negatively predicted both mother-rated and teacher-rated social competence. However, novel findings were that reward bias moderated the relation between inhibition and teacher-rated social competence, such that inhibited children showed an increased risk of low competence when they had lower reward bias.
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Levine, Judith A., Harold Pollack, and Maureen E. Comfort. "Academic and Behavioral Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers." Journal of Marriage and Family 63, no. 2 (May 2001): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00355.x.
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Rodriguez, Christina E., Jeanelle Sheeder, Amanda A. Allshouse, Amy Hermesch, and Torri D. Metz. "49: Marijuana use and adverse perinatal outcomes in young mothers." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 218, no. 1 (January 2018): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.460.
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Valitova, I. E. "The Content of a Compliant Relationship between Physician and Parents of Young Children." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology 48 (2024): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2304-1226.2024.48.16.
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The article describes the peculiarities of compliance relations between a doctor and mothers of early-age children. In the partner model of compliance, the condition for building harmonious relations is the professional's reflection of the subject position of the patient, which is the motherchild dyad. Based on the materials of clinical interviews with mothers, the structure of compliance relations was established: diagnosis of the child, assessment of the severity of the child's disorders, assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation, prognosis of outcomes, organization and methods of rehabilitation. Each component describes the mother's position in her relationship with the physician and expresses her agreement or disagreement. Based on the analysis of mothers' judgments, a portrait of professionally important qualities of a specialist in the early childhood care system was compiled, the possession of which is considered as a condition for establishing a compliant relationship between specialists and parents.
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Breheny, Mary, and Christine Stephens. "Strengthening Social Support: Health Professionals' Views of the Health Care Needs of Adolescent Mothers." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.12.2.63.
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AbstractHealth care and health outcomes for adolescent mothers and their children may be a result of a complex interaction between socioeconomic, psychological, and familial factors. To examine a health professional perspective on the important issues in providing health care for adolescent mothers, transcripts of seventeen interviews with health professionals were analysed. Social support was considered an important aspect influencing the health of adolescent mothers and their children. This included family support, peer support and organisational support. Opportunities for health professionals to promote good social support for young mothers include role modelling supportive care and supporting adolescents' decision making, providing referrals to peer support groups, and understanding barriers to accessing organisational support. The best outcome for adolescent mothers is when their role as mother is supported by the family and wider support network.
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Ellis, Catherine, and Peter Sidebotham. "Adolescence as the Context for Understanding Young Mothers’ Engagement with Health Promotion: A Phenomenological Exploration." Children 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10050904.
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Background: The current social construction of young mothers is generally negative, pointing to a lack of engagement with universal services and poor outcomes for their infants and children. However, qualitative studies offer an alternative, more positive construct of young motherhood. Understanding the context of young motherhood can improve the relevance and efficacy of health promotion directed to this group of high-risk mothers. Aim: To explore the lived experience of young women transitioning to motherhood to better understand their experiences and perspective; and what influences their engagement with health promotion aimed to support safer parenting practices and whether their behaviour changes over time with exposure to parenting health promotion. Method: Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used with five first-time mothers identified with characteristics known to influence poorer outcomes for infants and children such as low educational achievement and economic disadvantage. Participants aged 16 to 19 years were recruited antenatally. Serial in-depth interviews were conducted at three time points during the ante- and post-natal periods. Interviews were transcribed and data were analysed inductively following the prescribed method of double hermeneutic analysis for IPA. Finding: Three themes were identified from the full study: Transition, Information, and Fractured application; the focus of this paper is Transition. Transition revealed that becoming mothers impacted key adolescent developmental tasks; their identity and relationships were significantly affected, both positively and negatively and adolescent brain development influenced behaviour and decision making capability. Adolescence influenced how these young mothers engaged with and interpreted parenting health promotion messages. Conclusions: Young mothers in this study operate within the context of adolescence. Adolescence impacts participants’ decision making activity and early parenting behaviours which informs the debate on why young mothers may fail to reduce risks for their infants. This insight can contribute to the development of more effective health promotion/educational strategies, and support professionals to better engage with this high-risk group to improve early parenting behaviour and subsequently improve outcomes for their infants and children.
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Zamir, Talia, Muriel R. Statman, Marcelo M. Sleiman, Adina Fleischmann, Elana Silber, and Kenneth P. Tercyak. "Patient Navigation in Mothers at Risk for and Surviving with Breast/Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Children’s Ages in Program Utilization and Health Outcomes." Healthcare 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2024): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222317.
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Background/Objectives: Many women at risk for and surviving with breast/ovarian cancer are simultaneously raising children. These women often experience unique challenges due to concurrent demands as both parents and patients with cancer. Community-based cancer control organizations offer vital patient navigation (PN), including psychoeducational services. Yet, little is known about how PN addresses these mothers’ comprehensive care needs. Methods: We examined PN program data from N = 1758 women served by a national cancer organization. Results: Out of the 69% of navigated women who were mothers, most were raising adult children only (age ≥ 18; 56%); however, 31% were mothers with young children only (age < 18), and 13% were mothers with both adult and young children (χ2 = 341.46, p < 0.001). While mothers with adult children reported poorer quality of life (QoL) than mothers with young children (physically unhealthy days, t = −2.2, df = 526, p < 0.05; total unhealthy days, t = −1.2, df = 533, p < 0.05), there were no significant differences in their PN experiences. For mothers with young children, a better QoL was associated with a lower genetic risk for cancer (r = −0.12) and a stronger sense of psychosocial empowerment (r = 0.10) (all p’s < 0.05). In an adjusted multivariate regression model of QoL, as empowerment increased, the influence of PN quality decreased (ß = −0.007, SE of ß = 0.00, p = 0.02), suggesting that strengthening mothers of young children’s sense of agency over their breast/ovarian cancer is critical to achieving overall well-being. Conclusions: CBO-led cancer control programming that supportively cares for mothers across their cancer journey can be essential to their QoL, especially for those who are raising minors.
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Dall’Oglio, Immacolata, Francesca Marchetti, Rachele Mascolo, Patrizia Amadio, Orsola Gawronski, Maria Clemente, Andrea Dotta, et al. "Breastfeeding Protection, Promotion, and Support in Humanitarian Emergencies: A Systematic Review of Literature." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 4 (February 7, 2020): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419900151.
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Background Infants, young children, and their mothers are vulnerable in humanitarian emergencies. The health benefits of optimal breastfeeding practices in emergency settings have been demonstrated by many researchers. Infant and Young Children Feeding in Emergency guidelines illustrate a series of interventions to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding, but unfortunately, these recommendations are still scarcely applied. Research Aims (1) To review the literature describing the effectiveness of breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support interventions in humanitarian emergency contexts; (2) to describe the influence of interventions on breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration; and (3) to evaluate relevant mother and infant/child outcomes available in the literature. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Psychology Database, JSTOR, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Ovid were searched for articles that examined breastfeeding protection, promotion, or support interventions and the resulting outcomes without any time limits ( N = 10). Articles that did not include the interventions and related outcomes were excluded ( n = 1,391). Results Improved breastfeeding outcomes were reported in four (40%) papers, and three (30%) highlighted a behavioral change in infant and young child feeding practices following the implementation of the interventions. Increased knowledge about appropriate infant and young child feeding practices among mothers and humanitarian/health staff was reported in eight (80%) papers. However, outcomes were sometimes only generically reported, and some of the included papers had a low strength of evidence. Conclusion In the literature, there is a great dearth of studies evaluating the influence of interventions aimed at improving breastfeeding in emergency settings. More evidence is urgently needed to encourage and implement optimal breastfeeding practices.
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Adcock, Anna, Beverley Lawton, and Fiona Cram. "E Hine: Talking about Māori teen pregnancy with government groups." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/alternative.2016.12.4.4.
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Despite improved access to health services in Aotearoa New Zealand there remains a significant socio-economic and health gap between Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders) and Pākehā (non-Māori). E Hine (Girl) is a qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) research project seeking to identify barriers and facilitators to positive health outcomes for young Māori mothers (under 20 years) and their infants. We present the findings of a discourse analysis of six semi-structured interviews with 13 representatives from six government agencies who were asked how their agency catered to the needs of young Māori mothers. Interviews were conducted in Wellington in 2013. First, we discuss respondents’ perspectives on how their agencies work to increase positive health outcomes. Next, we discuss structural issues, such as resource distribution, organization, and “silence”, that may act as barriers to positive outcomes. Addressing these barriers is essential to successfully deliver policies and initiatives that meet the needs of young Māori mothers and their infants.
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McGeechan, Grant James, Michelle Baldwin, Keith Allan, Gillian O’Neill, and Dorothy Newbury-Birch. "Exploring young women’s perspectives of a targeted support programme for teenage parents." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 44, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200106.
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ContextTeenage parents and their children are at risk of poorer outcomes than older mothers, and their peers.ObjectiveEvaluate participants' experiences of a targeted teenage parent support programme.DesignA qualitative study was conducted to gain feedback from participants of a locally commissioned teenage parent support programme. Four focus groups were held with participants attending the programme in different areas of the county, and analysed using applied thematic analysis.ParticipantsTeenage mothers aged 16–19 years from vulnerable backgrounds (n=18) attending a teenage parent support programme in County Durham.ResultsTwo major themes emerged from the analysis focusing on factors influencing enrolment and continued engagement and how the programme leads to personal development for mother and child.The majority of participants felt that the group fostered a supportive environment and led to a reduction in social isolation. The provision of free transport and childcare onsite was seen as a key component of the service without which many would not have been able to attend.DiscussionThe programme appeared effective at increasing the emotional and social capabilities of teenage mothers. It had a positive impact on parents’ engagement in education and employment, as well as impacting on children’s social development.ConclusionsTargeted support programmes have the ability to increase social and emotional capabilities of teenage mothers and their children. They can increase engagement in education and employment for teenage mothers. The provision of transport and free child care places can enhance engagement in such programmes.
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Arroyo, Analisa, Tricia J. Burke, and Valerie J. Young. "The role of close others in promoting weight management and body image outcomes: An application of confirmation, self-determination, social control, and social support." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 1030–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519886066.
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Four theoretical perspectives grounded this examination of mothers’, romantic partners’, and friends’ interpersonal communication behaviors related to young women’s weight management behaviors and body image outcomes. Specifically, behaviors identified by confirmation (i.e., acceptance and challenge), self-determination (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation), social control (i.e., positive and negative social control), and social support (i.e., esteem and informational support) were predicted to be associated with young women’s physical activity, healthy eating, body appreciation, and body satisfaction. Female participants ( N = 637) completed online surveys and reported on perceptions of either their mothers’, romantic partners’, or friends’ communication, as well as their own behaviors and self-views. Results identified a number of perceived interpersonal behaviors (e.g., acceptance, autonomous motivation, positive social control) associated with young women’s weight management and body image outcomes, with mothers’ communication being a particularly consistent predictor.
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Kim, Sung-Min. "A Grounded theory study on leisure constraints experienced among working mothers with young children." Tourism Sciences Society of Korea 48, no. 8 (November 30, 2024): 73–96. https://doi.org/10.17086/jts.2024.48.8.73.96.
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This study aims to comprehensively approach and understand the leisure activity experiences of working mothers with infants or toddlers, focusing on the changes and challenges that occur in their leisure time during the period of childbirth and caregiving. The sample for this study consisted of working mothers with infants and toddlers (under six years old), selected through theoretical sampling based on previous research. Data were collected from 14 participants through in-depth interviews, and the collected data underwent continuous expert review throughout the analysis process. Content analysis revealed 133 concepts, 31 subcategories, and 10 supercategories, leading to the development of a paradigm model. The causal conditions identified were 'absolute leisure constraints' and 'emotional changes after childbirth,' with the contextual condition being 'roles assigned in modern society.' The central phenomena were identified as 'expansion of passive leisure activities' and 'children's leisure activities becoming my leisure activities,' while the mediating condition was 'tolerance of leisure constraints.' The action/interaction strategies were 'leisure constraint negotiation' and 'changes in leisure activities,' leading to outcomes of 'second identity formation' and 'acceptance.' The core category of selective coding was defined as 'transition from a new mother to a true mother.' This study provides theoretical implications as a foundational analysis of the leisure constraints and experiences encountered by mothers of young children, as well as policy and practical implications that can inform the development of leisure policies aimed at encouraging childbirth among mothers with young children.
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Shakirov, R. T., S. V. Kinzhalova, R. A. Makarov, S. V. Bychkova, N. V. Putilova, O. E. Gayeva, and N. V. Mamovich. "Perinatal outcomes of newborns born from young mothers with epidural analgesia." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-3-118-124.
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Objective. To evaluate the features of the course of the early neonatal period of newborns born from young women under conditions of epidural analgesia.Material and methods. The authors conducted a prospective, comparative, randomized, longitudinal, monocenter study. Patients of Group 1 (n=25) were anesthetized with a narcotic analgesic (2% Тrimeperedine 1,0 ml intramuscularly). Patients of Group 2 (n=30) received long-term epidural analgesia (EA) with 0,2% Ropivacaine (10,0 ml/hour). All patients delivered full-term infants. The course of labor, clinical and laboratory characteristics of newborns in the early neonatal period were evaluated.Results. There were no significant differences in the duration of labor, volume of blood loss, and other characteristics between the groups. There were no clinical differences between the groups of newborns. We did not find a negative effect of epidural analgesia on the Apgar score at the 1st (p=0,166) and 5th (p=0,217) minutes of life and the neuropsychiatric status of the newborn (p=0,322). At the same time, in the group of long-term epidural analgesia, there was a tendency to a higher incidence of moderate and mild asphyxia (19,2% versus 9,5%; p=0,436). When comparing the acid-base state of umbilical cord arterial blood, significant differences were found in the following indicators: lower pH (p=0,042) and pO2 level (p=0,007) and higher pCO2 level (p=0,031) in arterial cord blood.Conclusion. Epidural analgesia during labor in young women is accompanied by a lower level of pH and pO2 and a higher level of pCO2 in the arterial cord blood as compared to a Group of Тrimeperedine, which indicates a more pronounced shift in the acid-base state of the fetal blood. When analyzing neurological outcomes in newborns, there were no statistically significant differences. However, further follow-up is required for children born from young mothers who have received long-term epidural analgesia in labor.
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Rangel, Aldecira Uchôa Monteiro, Maria Clara Brasileiro Barroso, Francisco Airton Rangel Filho, Milena Fontenele De Oliveira, Jardenia Chaves Domeneguetti, Nilson Vieira Pinto, Aline Veras Morais Brilhante, and Mirna Albuquerque Frota. "PERINATAL OUTCOMES OF ADOLESCENT AND ADULT MOTHERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR 27, no. 6 (June 21, 2023): 2833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25110/arqsaude.v27i6.2023-044.
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Objective: To identify and analyze studies published in the literature that researched adverse perinatal outcomes in live births to adolescent and adult mothers. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed and VHL (LILACS and MEDLINE) were consulted, using the MeSH descriptors with Boolean operators were used, which were grouped as follows: (“maternal age”) AND (“risk factors”) AND (“Pregnancy Complications OR “Adverse Birth Outcomes” OR “Perinatal outcome”). This analysis resulted in eight articles published between 2018 and 2022. Results: Studies presented a strong association between young maternal age (<20 years) and unfavorable neonatal outcomes, such as low birth weight, premature delivery, need for oxygen therapy and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. No significant data were found on adverse outcomes in pregnancies in the optimum age range (20>35 years). Conclusion: The analyzed studies point to a strong association between young maternal age and some clinical-obstetric complications.
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Pujiyanto, Khusnul Ashar, and Wildan Syafitri. "Determinants of Working Mother in Indonesia’s Agricultural and Manufacture." Futurity Economics&Law 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2024): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.09.
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This study examined the factors influencing mothers' participation in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors and explored the impact of their employment on their welfare levels. The main factors included the husband's education level, employment sector, employment status, the mother's education level, the number of household dependents, the number of young children, and the mother's working hours. The present study employed a comprehensive analysis of 264,311 individual data points, derived from maternal and household data obtained through the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) conducted in March 2022 (https://www.bps.go.id/). Utilising Binary Logistic Regression as a statistical method, the study aimed to elucidate relationships ad patterns within the dataset, facilitating a robust understanding of the socioeconomic factors influencing maternal outcomes. The logistic regression analysis indicated that all the factors significantly influenced mothers' decisions to work. The husband's employment sector affected the wife's choice of employment sector. Mothers who work in agriculture are significantly more likely to be employed in the same field if their husbands also work in agriculture, with the odds being 5.98 times greater than those in other industries. Likewise, mothers in manufacturing have a similar trend; if their husbands work in manufacturing, they are 7.37 times more likely to be in that industry compared to other sectors. Higher education levels of the husband and the mother, and the husband's formal sector employment, encouraged mothers to choose jobs outside agriculture and manufacturing. An increase in the number of household dependents and the mother's working hours drove mothers to work in agriculture and manufacturing. This is likely because these sectors often employ family workers (over 60 per cent in agriculture) who can accommodate flexible working hours and household management. The welfare level, measured by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), is 0.1161 for households in agriculture, compared to 0.0403 for households with mothers working in manufacturing. This indicated that households with mothers in manufacturing were more prosperous.
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Lund, Emily. "The Effects of Parent Training on Vocabulary Scores of Young Children With Hearing Loss." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 2 (May 3, 2018): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-16-0239.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of short-term parent training on maternal use of language stimulation strategies and vocabulary scores in children with hearing loss. Method Six mother–child dyads participated in the multiple-baseline study. During baseline and maintenance, children engaged in a business-as-usual model of clinician-only therapy. During intervention, mothers and children participated in parent training focused on transparent labeling and linguistic mapping strategies. Parent strategy use was measured via weekly play-based probe assessments. Child vocabulary growth was measured via parent report. Results A relation between parent training and use of transparent labeling was established for all mothers, and a relation between parent training and use of linguistic mapping was established for 3 of 6 mothers. Child vocabulary growth rate increased from baseline to intervention in 4 of 6 children. Conclusions Short-term parent training can change parent behavior. However, parents may not maintain these skills without support. Further research is needed to characterize the extent to which short-term training can make long-term changes in parent and child outcomes.
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Stier, David M., John M. Leventhal, Anne T. Berg, Lyla Johnson, and JoAnne Mezger. "Are Children Born to Young Mothers at Increased Risk of Maltreatment?" Pediatrics 91, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.3.642.
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Previous case-control or cross-sectional studies have provided conflicting results about whether children of teenage mothers are at increased risk of maltreatment compared with children of older mothers. This study is the first to examine this question using a longitudinal, cohort design and the first to address important methodologic issues such as detection bias. Subjects were 219 consecutive index children born to inner-city women who were 18 years or younger and 219 sociodemographically similar comparison children born to women 19 years or older. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records of each child through the fifth birthday. Three outcomes were examined: maltreatment, poor growth, and a change in the child's primary caretaker. Maltreatment was ascertained by having two experts, one of whom was blind to the group status, review each injury documented in the records. Predefined criteria were used to distinguish unintentional injuries from maltreatment (abuse, neglect, or sexual abuse). Maltreatment occurred more frequently in the children of young mothers (12.8%) than in the comparison group (6.4%) (risk ratio [RR] = 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 3.64). Poor growth, defined by growth criteria, occurred in 6.9% of the index group and in 4.1% of comparison children (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.75, 3.73). A change in the child's primary caretaker, either because of placement in foster care or because the mother left the home, occurred in 12.8% of the index group and in 3.2% in comparison children (RR = 4.00; 95% CI = 1.80, 8.87). Children of teenage mothers, compared with children of older mothers, are at increased risk of maltreatment and of changes in their primary caretakers.
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De Wet-Billings, Nicole. "Single motherhood, social independence and non-communicable disease (NCD) outcomes among young females (15-24 years old) in South Africa." AAS Open Research 4 (August 3, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13238.2.
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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) acquired during youth follow into and affect adulthood. The association between young mother’s social independence and NCD status is of policy interest due to its effect on economic and social development. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between social independence and NCD outcomes among young, single mothers in South Africa. Methods: Data from the South African National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) in 2008 and 2017 was used to determine if single mothers developed hypertension, diabetes or asthma by various indicators of social independence, including highest level of education and employment status. The sample was initially made-up of unmarried females (15-24 years old) without any children in 2008. Both fertility and social independence was followed-up to 2017. Results: In total, 66 young females developed an NCD by 2017 and 87% (n=57) of these women had a child in the interim period. Employment of young females increased from 4.78% in 2008 to 37.79% in 2017, but completion of secondary or tertiary education declined from 67.94% in 2008 to 56.01% in 2017. In addition, half (50.88%) of the young females were partially independent by 2017, with only 11.03% being fully independent at this time. Finally, logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of developing an NCD increased if young females with children were not socially independent. Conclusions: The relationship between social independence and NCDs suggest that policies and programmes in South Africa need to incorporate socioeconomic status as a determinant of disease and in particular, need to address socioeconomic indicators as additive measures and not autonomous indicators.
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De Wet-Billings, Nicole. "Single motherhood, social independence and non-communicable disease (NCD) outcomes among young females (15-24 years old) in South Africa." AAS Open Research 4 (June 14, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13238.1.
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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) acquired during youth follow into and affect adulthood. The association between young mother’s social independence and NCD status is of policy interest due to its effect on economic and social development. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between social independence and NCD outcomes among young, single mothers in South Africa. Methods: Data from the South African National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) in 2008 and 2017 was used to determine if single mothers developed hypertension, diabetes or asthma by various indicators of social independence, including highest level of education and employment status. The sample was initially made-up of unmarried females (15-24 years old) without any children in 2008. Both fertility and social independence was followed-up to 2017. Results: In total, 66 young females developed an NCD by 2017 and 87% (n=57) of these women had a child in the interim period. Employment of young females increased from 4.78% in 2008 to 37.79% in 2017, but completion of secondary or tertiary education declined from 67.94% in 2008 to 56.01% in 2017. In addition, half (50.88%) of the young females were partially independent by 2017, with only 11.03% being fully independent at this time. Finally, logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of developing an NCD increased if young females with children were not socially independent. Conclusions: The relationship between social independence and NCDs suggest that policies and programmes in South Africa need to incorporate socioeconomic status as a determinant of disease and in particular, need to address socioeconomic indicators as additive measures and not autonomous indicators.
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De Wet-Billings, Nicole. "Single motherhood, social independence and non-communicable disease (NCD) outcomes among young females (15-24 years old) in South Africa." AAS Open Research 4 (February 15, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13238.3.
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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) acquired during youth follow into and affect adulthood. The association between young mother’s social independence and NCD status is of policy interest due to its effect on economic and social development. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between social independence and NCD outcomes among young, single mothers in South Africa. Methods: Data from the South African National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) in 2008 and 2017 was used to determine if single mothers developed hypertension, diabetes or asthma by various indicators of social independence, including highest level of education and employment status. The sample was initially made-up of unmarried females (15-24 years old) without any children in 2008. Both fertility and social independence was followed-up to 2017. Results: In total, 66 young females developed an NCD by 2017 and 87% (n=57) of these women had a child in the interim period. Employment of young females increased from 4.78% in 2008 to 37.79% in 2017, but completion of secondary or tertiary education declined from 67.94% in 2008 to 56.01% in 2017. In addition, half (50.88%) of the young females were partially independent by 2017, with only 11.03% being fully independent at this time. Finally, logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of developing an NCD increased if young females with children were not socially independent. Conclusions: The relationship between social independence and NCDs suggest that policies and programmes in South Africa need to incorporate socioeconomic status as a determinant of disease and in particular, need to address socioeconomic indicators as additive measures and not autonomous indicators.
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Fusco, Rachel A. "Perceptions of Strengths-Based Child Welfare Practices Among Mothers With Drug Use Histories." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 17 (July 3, 2019): 2478–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19859392.
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Families in the child welfare system show especially poor outcomes when a parent has a drug use history. These parents may be difficult to engage, which may contribute to their failure to follow through with service planning and receipt. The child welfare system has historically emphasized risk and pathology and does not always use a strengths-based approach, although this has and can greatly increase client engagement. The current study involves data from mothers of young children receiving child welfare services ( n = 336) to examine individual and family risk factors and mothers’ perceptions of strengths-based practices by their caseworker. Roughly one third of women reported past year drug use. Mothers reporting drug use perceived four dimensions of strengths-based practice lower than mothers with no drug use history. Individual and family risks were associated with lower perceived strengths-based practices among mother who used drugs. Strengths-based practices with mothers with drug use histories are discussed.
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Nóblega, Magaly, Olenka Retiz, Juan Nuñez del Prado, and Ramón Bartra. "Maternal Stress Mediates Association of Infant Socioemotional Development with Perinatal Mental Health in Socioeconomically Vulnerable Peruvian Settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 7 (June 28, 2024): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070844.
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Increased maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been widely associated with a variety of positive outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, no studies in Peru have yet focused on studying maternal mental health and related psychological variables during this stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to test a model to associate a mother’s parental stress with infant socioemotional difficulties and maternal mental health. The sample included 988 mothers of infants aged 6 to 18 months from Peru, all from socioeconomically vulnerable settings. The findings showed that infant socioemotional difficulties were associated with poorer maternal mental health through the mother’s parental stress (χ2(7) = 28.89, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03). These results provide a better understanding of the key elements associated with maternal mental health during the perinatal period in Peru and offer valuable insights for developing interventions and support strategies for socioeconomically vulnerable mothers and their young children.
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JAFFEE, SARA, AVSHALOM CASPI, TERRIE E. MOFFITT, JAY BELSKY, and PHIL SILVA. "Why are children born to teen mothers at risk for adverse outcomes in young adulthood? Results from a 20-year longitudinal study." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 2 (May 16, 2001): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401002103.
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This 20-year longitudinal study showed that the young adult offspring of teen mothers are at risk for a range of adverse outcomes including early school leaving, unemployment, early parenthood, and violent offending. We tested how much the effect of teen childbearing on offspring outcomes could be accounted for by social selection (in which a woman's characteristics that make her an inadequate parent also make her likely to bear children in her teens) versus social influence (in which the consequences of becoming a teen mother also bring harm to her children, apart from any characteristics of her own). The results provided support for both mechanisms. Across outcomes, maternal characteristics and family circumstances together accounted for approximately 39% of the effect of teen childbearing on offspring outcomes. Consistent with a social-selection hypothesis, maternal characteristics accounted for approximately 18% of the effect of teen childbearing on offspring outcomes; consistent with a social-influence hypothesis, family circumstances accounted for 21% of the teen childbearing effect after controlling for maternal characteristics. These results suggest that public policy initiatives should be targeted not only at delaying childbearing in the population but at supporting individual at-risk mothers and their children.
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Koponen, Anne M., Niina-Maria Nissinen, Mika Gissler, Taisto Sarkola, Ilona Autti-Rämö, and Hanna Kahila. "Cohort profile: ADEF Helsinki – a longitudinal register-based study on exposure to alcohol and drugs during foetal life." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072519885719.
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Purpose: The need for longitudinal studies on prenatal substance exposure (PSE) extending into adulthood is widely recognised. In particular, studies on the dual effect of exposure to substances and adverse childhood experiences are needed. This register-based matched cohort study investigates the effect of this dual exposure on the health and development of youth with PSE. The follow-up is from birth to young adulthood. Participants: The exposed youth were born in 1992–2001 to mothers with a significant substance misuse problem during pregnancy. The mothers were identified in primary care maternity clinics in the Helsinki metropolitan area and referred for intensified pregnancy follow-up in a tertiary care setting (HAL-clinics). Data from hospital medical records were collected for the mothers during the pregnancy follow-up and linked with register data from multiple national health and social welfare registers obtained for each mother–child dyad from birth until the end of 2015–2018. Similar register data were gathered for three matched mother–child dyads without any evidence of the mother’s substance misuse in national health and social welfare registers. The study consists of 615 exposed and 1787 unexposed youth aged 15–24 years. Findings to date: A majority of the exposed youth (64%) had been in out-of-home care at least once compared with 8% among the unexposed. Outpatient and inpatient hospital care due to mental or behavioural disorders were two to three times more common among the exposed than among the unexposed. The exposed had less often completed secondary school education and had more often needed social assistance. Future plans: The data comprise a wide range of information on infant health, youth’s mental and somatic health and development, out-of-home care history, and mother’s life situation at the delivery and later health. Risk and protective factors for different long-term developmental outcomes in adolescence or in young adulthood will be studied.
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Lin, Joyce, Stephanie M. Reich, Sabrina Kataoka, and George Farkas. "Maternal Reading Self-Efficacy Associated with Perceived Barriers to Reading." Child Development Research 2015 (January 12, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/218984.
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Although early reading practices impact a host of child literacy, language, and school outcomes, many parents do not read to their young children. One possible explanation for this lack of early literacy practices is mothers’ feelings about their ability to successfully read to their children. A series of multiple regressions were used to explore whether new mothers’ reading self-efficacy predicted their perceived barriers to reading to their 18-month-old children. Findings suggest that self-efficacy buffers against mother-centered (e.g., too tired), child-centered (e.g., toddler fussy), and structural (e.g., environmental distractions) barriers to reading. Given the importance of early literacy and that not all mothers read to their toddlers, increasing reading self-efficacy may offer a way to reduce perceived barriers to early literacy practices.
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McKechnie, Anne Chevalier, Julee Waldrop, Yui Matsuda, Maria Martinez, Carrie Fields, Maureen J. Baker, and Linda Beeber. "Mothers’ Perspectives on Managing the Developmental Delay of a Child With Considerations for Contextual Influences and Maternal Functioning." Journal of Family Nursing 24, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 405–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840718780474.
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Developmental delay in very young children is trending upward. Maternal depressive symptoms are known to negatively impact child development and may also impact family management of the child’s condition. Research on family management guided this second phase of a sequential mixed methods study. The purpose of this study was to explore mothers’ perceptions of family management of their children’s developmental delays. Mothers of very young children who received early intervention services were interviewed. A team-based content analysis approach revealed key findings: (a) views of the child that were not holistic, (b) condition management ability was informed by what the mother thought her child needed, (c) views of condition impact were related to adapting to possible child outcomes and experiences of isolation, and (d) parental/caregiver mutuality was impaired by conflict. Understanding perceptions of family management and influence of depressive symptoms in this context is essential to extend assessment and intervention.
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Chagan, Farida Karim, Sidra Malik Fayyaz, and Iram Saddiqa Aamir. "BREAST FEEDING OUTCOME." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 06 (June 10, 2016): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.06.1620.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of prelacteal feeding among mothers ofPakistan and to find out the various concepts behind this practice and fundamentally to establishthe association of prelacteal feeding with breastfeeding outcomes. Background: In Pakistan,many efforts have been done to emphasize the nutritional importance and adequacy of breastmilk for the newborns. Despite such efforts, it has been witnessed on multiple occasions thatprior to the commencement of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeds are introduced by the mothers totheir young ones. Prelacteal feed (PLF) are food supplements that are given to newborns orally.Design: Qualitative, descriptive, cross sectional Survey. Setting: The Lady Dufferin Hospital(LDH) and Jinnah Medical College hospital (JMCH). Methods: Study includes 400 Mothersincluding young mothers and data was collected with use of a pre-assessed authenticatedquestionnaire. Results: A large group of, both educated and uneducated, mothers knew aboutPLF administration (90.5%). Out of these, 70% mothers routinely give prelacteal feeds, withreadymade ghutti and honey being the most widely used supplements, 19.5% and 37.2%respectively .However their reasons for doing so differed significantly. Family tradition (27.8%)and religious credence (21.8%) are the most popular reasons for practicing prelacteal feeding.The other minor reasons are breast milk insufficiency, prevention of dehydration, hypoglycaemia,preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for digestion and to quench thirst. However, majorityof the subjects were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding and 99% mothers breastfed theirchildren. Conclusions: Regardless of the fact that mothers understand the significance ofbreast milk, most mothers routinely and unnecessarily give prelacteal feeds. Therefore, mothersshould be discouraged for the unsafely administration of prelacteal feeds and re-emphasizedabout the importance and nutritional adequecy of breastfeeding.
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Steenkamp, Malinda, Jacqueline Boyle, Sue Kildea, Vivienne Moore, Michael Davies, and Alice Rumbold. "Perinatal outcomes among young Indigenous Australian mothers: A cross-sectional study and comparison with adult Indigenous mothers." Birth 44, no. 3 (April 22, 2017): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/birt.12283.
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Fayed, Amel A., Hayfaa Wahabi, Heba Mamdouh, Reham Kotb, and Samia Esmaeil. "Demographic profile and pregnancy outcomes of adolescents and older mothers in Saudi Arabia: analysis from Riyadh Mother (RAHMA) and Baby cohort study." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e016501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016501.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes with special emphasis on adolescents and older mothers and to investigate the differences in demographic profile between adolescents and older mothers.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of pregnancy outcomes of women in Riyadh Mother and Baby cohort study according to maternal age. The study population was grouped according to maternal age into five subgroups; <20, 20–29, 30–34, 35–39 and 40+years. The age group 20–29 years was considered as a reference group. Investigation of maternal age impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes was conducted with adjustment of confounders using regression models.ResultsAll mothers were married when conceived with the index pregnancy. Young mothers were less likely to be illiterate, more likely to achieve higher education and be employed compared with mothers ≥ 40 years. Compared with the reference group, adolescents were more likely to have vaginal delivery (and least likely to deliver by caesarean section (CS); OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9, while women ≥40 years, were more likely to deliver by CS; OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.7. Maternal age was a risk factor for gestational diabetes in women ≥40 years; OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1. Adolescents had increased risk of preterm delivery; OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1 and women ≥40 years had similar risk; OR, 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6.ConclusionAdverse pregnancy outcomes show a continuum with the advancement of maternal age. Adolescents mother are more likely to have vaginal delivery; however, they are at increased risk of preterm delivery. Advanced maternal age is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes and CS.
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Kofke, Lily, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Muriel Bauermann Gubert, and Gabriela Buccini. "Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with early childhood development delays among children of young mothers in Brasília, Brazil." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): e0266018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266018.
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Background Holistic attention to adolescent health is needed to sustain the benefits of investment in early childhood development. Any such interventions must make sure to address the needs of adolescent and young adult parents. This study explored the social and demographic maternal variables associated with risk of early childhood development (ECD) delay for children of young mothers in Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional secondary data analysis was done using data from young mothers (aged 13–24) and their children (aged 0–2), collected from community health centers in Brasília, Brazil, between 2017–2018. The Denver Developmental Screening Test II was used to assess risk of ECD delay outcomes. Descriptive analyses were conducted across the full sample and sub-groups of adolescent (13–19) and young adult (20–24) mothers. Multivariable logistic regressions based on theory modelling approach were conducted for the full sample to examine the associations between maternal age and risk of ECD delay, adjusted for a battery of household, maternal, pregnancy, and infant variables. Results Risk of ECD delay was found in 17.39% (N = 76) of the children who participated (N = 437). No significant differences in risk of ECD delay were found for children of adolescent mothers compared to children of young adult mothers. Across the full sample, 60.36% (N = 236) of mothers were living in poverty, 73.17% (N = 319) had 9 or more years of education, and 86.14% (N = 373) were not working outside the home at time of data collection. Furthermore, 90.11% (N = 392) did not identify as head of their household and 73.68% (N = 322) were primiparous. Socially-mediated factors such as lower maternal educational attainment, unemployment, and lack of household support were associated with increased risk of ECD delays for children under age 2. Adjusted logistic regression identified multiparity as an independent maternal factor associated with increased risk of ECD delay (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.23–5.13). Conclusions Multiparity was the only independent maternal factor associated with ECD delay among children under 2 years old. Other socio-demographic factors relevant to young mothers may influence ECD delays. Ensuring sustained, concurrent attention to children’s and young parent’s developmental needs may improve multi-generational health outcomes.
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Powell, R. M., and S. L. Parish. "Behavioural and cognitive outcomes in young children of mothers with intellectual impairments." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 61, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12308.
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Brand, Jennie E., and Juli Simon Thomas. "Job Displacement among Single Mothers: Effects on Children’s Outcomes in Young Adulthood." American Journal of Sociology 119, no. 4 (January 2014): 955–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675409.
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Martin, Anne, Adam Brazil, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. "The Socioemotional Outcomes of Young Children of Teenage Mothers by Paternal Coresidence." Journal of Family Issues 34, no. 9 (August 3, 2012): 1217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x12454654.
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Ayele, Firaol Mesfin, Workua Mekonnen Metekya, and Kenfe Tesfay. "Association of Maternal Common Mental Disorder and Young Children Acute Malnutrition among Mekelle Public Health Facilities, Northern Ethiopia, 2019 - a Case-control Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010650.
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Background: The World Health Organization has claimed that morbidity and disability of the global population due to child malnutrition has internationally become the chief cause of disability. However, in our country, its association with a young child’s nutritional outcomes is rarely studied. Objectives: To assess the effect of maternal common mental disorder and substance abuse on young child acute malnutrition. Methods: An institution's based case-control study was conducted among 192 women; 64 cases and 128 control in Mekelle public health facilities. Two hospitals and three health centers were included in this study. Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20-Item (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of maternal common mental disorder. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. The strength of association was measured through odds ratio at their 95% CI. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The result of this study revealed that young children who have a mother with a common mental disorder are 6.1 times [AOR= 6.11, 95%CI (1.18, 31.71)] more likely to develop acute malnutrition than children who have mothers with no common mental disorder. Mothers of acutely malnourished children should be evaluated early for the detection of maternal common mental disorder for appropriate referral and support. Conclusion: Maternal common mental disorder was an independent determinant of young children’s acute malnutrition. Mothers of acutely malnourished children should be evaluated early for the detection of maternal common mental disorder for appropriate referral and support.
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García-Vila, Encarnación, Roger Such, Bárbara Martín-Maldonado, Elena Tarròs, Elisa L. Sorribes, and Cristina Calvo-Fernandez. "The Speaker’s Method: A Novel Release Method for Offspring Mammals and 5-Year Study on Three Costa Rican Mammals." Animals 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2023): 3669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233669.
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Nowadays, wild animals are threatened by humans, with the number of species and individuals decreasing during recent years. Wildlife rescue centers play a vital role in the conservation of wildlife populations. This study aims to describe a new release technique, the Speaker’s Method, to rescue and facilitate the reunion of different baby mammals that arrived at a wildlife rescue center with their mothers within their natural habitat, avoiding the need for captivity. This method is based on a recorded baby’s cry played on a speaker to make a “call effect” in the mother. The efficacy of the Speaker’s Method for babies’ reunion with their mothers was 45.8% in Hoffmann’s two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) and 91.9% in brown-throated sloths (Bradypus variegatus). Among the mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), 50% of the babies could be released using this new technique. The findings suggest that the method could be helpful in the early release of young individuals, highlighting higher release outcomes in these three species compared to traditional nursery care provided by human caretakers, who face inherent difficulties in raising young animals without their mothers.
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Chaudhry, Nasim, Rabia Sattar, Tayyeba Kiran, Ming Wai Wan, Mina Husain, Sobia Hidayatullah, Bushra Ali, et al. "Supporting Depressed Mothers of Young Children with Intellectual Disability: Feasibility of an Integrated Parenting Intervention in a Low-Income Setting." Children 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10060913.
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As a lifelong condition, intellectual disability (ID) remains a public health priority. Parents caring for children with ID experience serious challenges to their wellbeing, including depression, anxiety, stress and health-related quality of life. Integrated parenting interventions, which have been well evidenced for depressed mothers, may also effectively support depressed parents with a child with ID in low-resource settings such as Pakistan, and in turn optimise child outcomes. We conducted a mixed-method rater-blind feasibility randomised controlled trial, which assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the Learning Through Play in My Own Way Plus (LTP-IMOW Plus) intervention. Mothers who screened positive for depression (n = 26) with a young child (age 3–6 years) with ID were recruited from two low-resource community settings. Participants in the intervention arm (n = 13) received 12 group sessions of LTP-IMOW Plus and others (n = 13) received routine care. The intervention was feasible and acceptable with 100% retention and 100% session attendance. The intervention improved depression, anxiety, parenting stress and child socialisation score outcomes relative to the routine care arm. The framework utilised to analyse the qualitative interviews with seven participants at pre-intervention identified a range of struggles experienced by the mothers, and at post-intervention, found improved knowledge of child development and practices, improved mother–child relationships, recommendations for the intervention and perceived practical barriers and facilitators. The findings highlight the prospects for a clinical and cost-effective trial of an integrated parenting intervention to manage long-term parental mental health needs and improve child outcomes.
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Roman-Oyola, Rosa, Anita Bundy, Eida Castro, and Osiris Castrillo. "4580 Development of a play-based coaching intervention to improve quality of life and wellbeing for mothers with cancer and their young children." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.121.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Mothers with cancer who have young children experience life disruptions when treatment procedures limit mother-child interactions. This study proposes the development of an intervention combining the Coaching approach with the Model of Playfulness to improve Quality of Life (QoL) and wellbeing of these patients and their young children. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This embedded mixed method study will be guided by the two initial phases of the ORBIT Model for the development of behavioral interventions for patients with chronic diseases. Participants will be mothers in the post-acute treatment stage of cancer (n = 6) and their children who are between 2 years and a half and 6 years, 11 months. Phase 1A, Definition, builds on qualitative data from a concurrent study exploring the experiences of mothers with cancer playing with their young children. As part of this phase, we will develop a play-based coaching intervention. In Phase 1B, Refinement, we will employ in-depth semi-structured interviews and standardized tools to evaluate acceptability of the intervention and preliminary outcomes. This will serve to further refine the intervention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Phase 1A will yield a plan for the intervention and data to enhance its initial implementation. Phase 1B will yield data, from the perspective of the mothers, about acceptability of the intervention procedures (e.g., delivery strategy, place for the intervention, time devoted, and outcome measures). This will enable modifications to the intervention. Additionally, Phase IB will yield preliminary data from specific QoL and wellbeing measures. For the mother, data about anxiety and depression symptoms, stress levels, and parental self-efficacy; for the child, emotional and behavioral indicators; for both: playfulness. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study entails the development of an intervention to enhance QoL and wellbeing of mothers with cancer and their children. Play moments as the centerpiece of the intervention, represent an innovative approach. Findings will guide the design of future feasibility studies to advance the development of this outcome driven intervention.
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Larson, Anne L., Melissa Baralt, Joanna Hokenson, Carol Scheffner Hammer, Tyson Barrett, and Nicole DeVilbiss. "A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Effectiveness of the Háblame Bebé Mobile Application With Spanish-Speaking Mothers Experiencing Economic Hardship." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 31, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 722–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00094.
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Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of a standalone mobile application (app), Háblame Bebé, for use in real-world settings without supplemental human interaction to promote Spanish-speaking mothers’ language interactions with their young children and associated child bilingual (Spanish–English) language development. Method: Thirty-seven Spanish-speaking Latina mothers with lower incomes and their children were randomly assigned to experimental and wait-list control groups for 12 weeks. The experimental group was introduced to the app to learn how to provide language-promoting strategies in the home language and encouraged to use the app to track child vocabulary growth and overall development. Mother and child outcomes were measured before and after intervention via standardized assessments, direct observations, and parent report. Engagement and social validity data were also gathered. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between experimental and control groups. However, looking at the magnitude of the difference between groups, child outcomes consistently favored the experimental group ( d = 0.2–0.4). Mothers reported high levels of acceptance of the intervention. Conclusions: Culturally and linguistically responsive app-based interventions have the potential to serve as a unique delivery model for speech-language pathologists and other professionals to share critical information on bilingual language development with parents of young children who are learning in a bilingual context. Clinical and research implications are discussed, including the consideration that low-intensity interventions may need to be paired with ongoing parent coaching. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.18461585
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Istifa, Mabda Novalia, Ferry Efendi, Erna Dwi Wahyuni, Kadar Ramadhan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, and Jiun-Yi Wang. "Analysis of antenatal care, intranatal care and postnatal care utilization: Findings from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258340.
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Background and objective Maternal healthcare utilization by young women and adolescent girls is associated with maternal health outcomes and plays a critical role in reducing maternal mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to analyze current data on antenatal care (ANC), intranatal care (INC), and postnatal care (PNC) utilization with a focus on mothers aged 15–24 years in Indonesia. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The unit data analyzed 2,584 mothers aged 15–24 years who had delivered babies within the five-year period preceding the survey. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression utilizing descriptive statistics were used to explore correlations between the independent variables and ANC, INC, and PNC visits. Results Among the mothers included in the study, the prevalence of service utilization was 90.9% for ANC, 79.4% for INC, and 68.9% for PNC. Women’s age, education level, number and birth order of children, difference in age between the mother and her husband, her husband’s occupation, wealth index, access to the health service, and regional factors were significantly associated with the utilization of ANC, INC, and PNC services. Conclusion This study provides insights for policymakers on how to strengthen healthcare policies and laws with the aim to improve maternal healthcare services for mothers aged 15–24 years. To improve maternal healthcare utilization among young mothers, national policy should focus on service equality, accessibility, and reliable implementation.