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Academic literature on the topic 'Outcome analyses'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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Viechtbauer, Wolfgang. "Accounting for Heterogeneity via Random-Effects Models and Moderator Analyses in Meta-Analysis." Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 215, no. 2 (January 2007): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.215.2.104.

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Abstract. To conduct a meta-analysis, one needs to express the results from a set of related studies in terms of an outcome measure, such as a standardized mean difference, correlation coefficient, or odds ratio. The observed outcome from a single study will differ from the true value of the outcome measure because of sampling variability. The observed outcomes from a set of related studies measuring the same outcome will, therefore, not coincide. However, one often finds that the observed outcomes differ more from each other than would be expected based on sampling variability alone. A likely explanation for this phenomenon is that the true values of the outcome measure are heterogeneous. One way to account for the heterogeneity is to assume that the heterogeneity is entirely random. Another approach is to examine whether the heterogeneity in the outcomes can be accounted for, at least in part, by a set of study-level variables describing the methods, procedures, and samples used in the different studies. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss these different approaches with particular emphasis on the interpretation of the results and practical issues.
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Steyerberg, Ewout W., Sander P. G. Frankema, and Frank E. Harrell. "Statistical Analyses of Trauma Outcome." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 54, no. 6 (June 2003): 1256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200306000-00048.

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Miller, Harold L. "Quantitative analyses of student outcome measures." International Journal of Educational Research 27, no. 2 (January 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-0355(97)90028-8.

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Evans, Scott R., Mikael Knutsson, Pierre Amarenco, Gregory W. Albers, Philip M. Bath, Hans Denison, Per Ladenvall, et al. "Methodologies for pragmatic and efficient assessment of benefits and harms: Application to the SOCRATES trial." Clinical Trials 17, no. 6 (July 15, 2020): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774520941441.

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Background/Aims: Standard approaches to trial design and analyses can be inefficient and non-pragmatic. Failure to consider a range of outcomes impedes evidence-based interpretation and reduces power. Traditional approaches synthesizing information obtained from separate analysis of each outcome fail to incorporate associations between outcomes and recognize the cumulative nature of outcomes in individual patients, suffer from competing risk complexities during interpretation, and since efficacy and safety analyses are often conducted on different populations, generalizability is unclear. Pragmatic and efficient approaches to trial design and analyses are needed. Methods: Approaches providing a pragmatic assessment of benefits and harms of interventions, summarizing outcomes experienced by patients, and providing sample size efficiencies are described. Ordinal outcomes recognize finer gradations of patient responses. Desirability of outcome ranking is an ordinal outcome combining benefits and harms within patients. Analysis of desirability of outcome ranking can be based on rank-based methodologies including the desirability of outcome ranking probability, the win ratio, and the proportion in favor of treatment. Partial credit analyses, involving grading the levels of the desirability of outcome ranking outcome similar to an academic test, provides an alternative approach. The methodologies are demonstrated using the acute stroke or transient ischemic attack treated with aspirin or ticagrelor and patient outcomes study (SOCRATES; NCT01994720), a randomized clinical trial. Results: Two 5-level ordinal outcomes were developed for SOCRATES. The first was based on a modified Rankin scale. The odds ratio is 0.86 (95% confidence interval = 0.75, 0.99; p = 0.04) indicating that the odds of worse stroke categorization for a trial participant assigned to ticagrelor is 0.86 times that of a trial participant assigned to aspirin. The 5-level desirability of outcome ranking outcome incorporated and prioritized survival; the number of strokes, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding events; and whether a stroke event was disabling. The desirability of outcome ranking probability and win ratio are 0.504 (95% confidence interval = 0.499, 0.508; p = 0.10) and 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 0.98, 1.26; p = 0.10), respectively, implying that the probability of a more desirable result with ticagrelor is 50.4% and that a more desirable result occurs 1.11 times more frequently on ticagrelor versus aspirin. Conclusion: Ordinal outcomes can improve efficiency through required pre-specification, careful construction, and analyses. Greater pragmatism can be obtained by composing outcomes within patients. Desirability of outcome ranking provides a global assessment of the benefits and harms that more closely reflect the experience of patients. The desirability of outcome ranking probability, the proportion in favor of treatment, the win ratio, and partial credit can more optimally inform patient treatment, enhance the understanding of the totality of intervention effects on patients, and potentially provide efficiencies over standard analyses. The methods provide the infrastructure for incorporating patient values and estimating personalized effects.
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Esposito, Eleonora, Andrea Cipriani, and Corrado Barbui. "Outcome reporting bias in clinical trials." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 1 (March 2009): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001408.

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Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are designed and powered to measure one single outcome, calledprimary outcome(Sibbald & Roland, 1998; Barbuiet al., 2007). The primary outcome is the pre-specified outcome of greatest clinical importance and is usually the one used in the sample size calculation (Accordini, 2007). In addition to the primary outcome, RCTs may have several other outcomes, calledsecondary outcomes. In contrast with the analysis of the primary outcome, the analysis of secondary outcomes and its interpretation may be complicated by at least two factors:1)the trial may not have enough statistical power to detect differences (so it is possible to incur in a type II error, that is failing to see a difference that is present);2)increasing the number of secondary outcomes generates the problem of multiplicity of analyses, that is the proliferation of possible comparisons in a trial (and increasing the number of comparisons increases the possibility to incur in a type I error, that is detecting significant differences by chance). For all these reasons, the results of the analysis of primary outcomes is considered less susceptible to bias than the analysis of secondary outcomes.
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Carifi, Gianluca, Nikolaos Kopsachilis, Christos Pitsas, and Vasiliki Zygoura. "Comment on: Refractive outcome analyses in myopes." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 63, no. 2 (2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.154419.

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Liu, Lan, Hongwei Gao, Weihua Yu, Shanyan Zhang, Jianqiang Guo, and Kongxi Zhu. "Outcome Analyses of 15,189 Screenings Via Colonoscopy." Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 27, no. 5 (October 2017): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0000000000000457.

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WACHTER, KERRI. "QoL, Cancer Outcome Linked in Meta-Analyses." Clinical Psychiatry News 36, no. 7 (July 2008): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(08)70504-6.

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Alper, Brian Scott, Gary Foster, Lehana Thabane, Alex Rae-Grant, Meghan Malone-Moses, and Eric Manheimer. "Thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4.5 hours after acute ischaemic stroke: trial reanalysis adjusted for baseline imbalances." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 25, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111386.

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ObjectivesAlteplase is commonly recommended for acute ischaemic stroke within 4.5 hours after stroke onset. The Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS III) is the only trial reporting statistically significant efficacy for clinical outcomes for alteplase use 3–4.5 hours after stroke onset. However, baseline imbalances in history of prior stroke and stroke severity score may confound this apparent finding of efficacy. We reanalysed the ECASS III trial data adjusting for baseline imbalances to determine the robustness or sensitivity of the efficacy estimates.DesignReanalysis of randomised placebo-controlled trial. We obtained access to the ECASS III trial data and replicated the previously reported analyses to confirm our understanding of the data. We adjusted for baseline imbalances using multivariable analyses and stratified analyses and performed sensitivity analysis for missing data.SettingEmergency care.Participants821 adults with acute ischaemic stroke who could be treated 3–4.5 hours after symptom onset.InterventionsIntravenous alteplase (0.9 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo.Main outcome measuresThe original primary efficacy outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0 or 1 (ie, being alive without any disability) and the original secondary efficacy outcome was a global outcome based on a composite of functional end points, both at 90 days. Adjusted analyses were only reported for the primary efficacy outcome and the original study protocol did not specify methods for adjusted analyses. Our adjusted reanalysis included these outcomes, symptom-free status (mRS 0), dependence-free status (mRS 0–2), mortality (mRS 6) and change across the mRS 0–6 spectrum at 90 days; and mortality and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at 7 days.ResultsWe replicated previously reported unadjusted analyses but discovered they were based on a modified interpretation of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The secondary efficacy outcome was no longer significant using the original NIHSS score. Previously reported adjusted analyses could only be replicated with significant effects for the primary efficacy outcome by using statistical approaches not reported in the trial protocol or statistical analysis plan. In analyses adjusting for baseline imbalances, all efficacy outcomes were not significant, but increases in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage remained significant.ConclusionsReanalysis of the ECASS III trial data with multiple approaches adjusting for baseline imbalances does not support any significant benefits and continues to support harms for the use of alteplase 3–4.5 hours after stroke onset. Clinicians, patients and policymakers should reconsider interpretations and decisions regarding management of acute ischaemic stroke that were based on ECASS III results.Trial registration numberNCT00153036.
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Bronner, Shaw, and Igor Urbano. "Dance Functional Outcome Survey: Development and Preliminary Analyses." Sports Medicine International Open 02, no. 06 (November 2018): E191—E199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0729-3000.

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AbstractThe Dance Functional Outcome Survey (DFOS) was developed as a self-report questionnaire for healthy and injured ballet and modern dancers, focusing on the low back and lower extremities. Our aim was to determine factor analysis and internal consistency of the 16 items and to investigate test-retest and equivalence reliability and validity of the DFOS compared to three orthopedic outcomes instruments. Data were collected from 80 healthy and injured adult ballet and modern pre-professional and professional dancers. DFOS Likert-type and visual analog scales were completed twice within 4–9 days to study test-retest reliability. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System, Olerud and Molander Foot-Ankle Questionnaire, and Oswestry Disability Index were used to assess concurrent validity using intraclass correlation coefficients in SPSS, p<0.05. To determine instrument dimensions and internal consistency of the items, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach’s α in JASP. DFOS demonstrated single factor loading and high Cronbach’s α; high test-retest repeatability and equivalence reliability (r=0.74–0.99) and acceptable criterion validity compared to the orthopedic outcomes instruments (r≥0.67). These results support further study of a revised 14 item Likert-version DFOS for repeatability, validity and responsiveness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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Chen, Chen. "Bayesian Analyses of Mediational Models for Survival Outcome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313684054.

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Wong, Sze Ying. "Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born preterm : analyses into the validity of data collection and outcome reports." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45429.

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Background and aims: Information on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born very preterm is required for multiple purposes. Reliable and up-to-date data sources are lacking. The overall aim of this thesis is to evaluate the validity and usability of the neurodevelopmental outcome data of very preterm children available from current data sources. The specific objectives were: 1) to examine the validity of outcome data recorded during routine follow-up assessment 2) to explore early childhood social-communication difficulties exhibited by very preterm children 3) to assess the stability over time of neurodevelopmental diagnoses made in early childhood. Methods: Three studies were conducted to meet the objectives. For studies 1 and 2, I recruited children born at < 30 weeks’ gestation at 2 years corrected age (age corrected for prematurity) from 13 participating study sites. In study 1, I compared the agreement between the neurodevelopmental outcomes of 190 children recorded at their routine NHS assessments and data obtained by a research assessment using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition. In study 2, the social-communication skills of 141 children were determined using the parent-completed Quantitative Checklist of Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) questionnaire and compared to published results from the general population. In study 3, I conducted a systematic review and using meta-analytic methods, I calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity of early developmental assessment in identifying school-age cognitive deficit from 24 studies. Conclusions: 1) Compared with research assessment, routine NHS follow-up assessment had a low sensitivity but high specificity for identifying children with neurodevelopmental impairment. 2) Very preterm children display greater early childhood social-communication difficulties and autistic behaviour than the general population as measured by their parents on the Q-CHAT. 3) Early neurodevelopmental assessment has high specificity but low sensitivity for identifying later school-age cognitive deficits.
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Wood, Rhonda. "Application of exploratory analyses to career counseling process and outcome research data /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137765.

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Dunn, Ryan Lamar. "A meta-analytic review of marital therapy outcome research : general and comparative analyses /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847761307082.

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Rothrock, Ling. "Performance measures and outcome analyses of dynamic decision making in real-time supervisory control." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25112.

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Tamegnon, Monelle. "Avoiding the redundant effect on regression analyses of including an outcome in the imputation model." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6301.

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Imputation is one well recognized method for handling missing data. Multiple imputation provides a framework for imputing missing data that incorporate uncertainty about the imputations at the analysis stage. An important factor to consider when performing multiple imputation is the imputation model. In particular, a careful choice of the covariates to include in the model is crucial. The current recommendation by several authors in the literature (Van Buren, 2012; Moons et al., 2006, Little and Rubin, 2002) is to include all variables that will appear in the analytical model including the outcome as covariates in the imputation model. When the goal of the analysis is to explore the relationship between the outcome and the variable with missing data (the target variable), this recommendation seems questionable. Should we make use of the outcome to fill-in the target variable missing observations and then use these filled-in observations along with the observed data on the target variable to explore the relationship of the target variable with the outcome? We believe that this approach is circular. Instead, we have designed multiple imputation approaches rooted in machines learning techniques that avoid the use of the outcome at the imputation stage and maintain reasonable inferential properties. We also compare our approaches performances to currently available methods.
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Åsberg, Signild. "Outcome of Stroke Prevention : Analyses Based on Data from Riks-Stroke and Other Swedish National Registers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171871.

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The aim of this thesis was to explore variations in stroke prevention and the effect of prevention on outcome. The studies were based on patients registered in the Swedish Stroke Register between 2001 and 2009 and although used to different extents in each paper, additional information was retrieved through linkage to The National Patient Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Prescribed Drug Register and the Total Population Register. Cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent among ischemic stroke (IS) patients; however, they were not always prescribed the drugs recommended, and increasing age was an important negative predictor (Paper I). After IS, the rate of hemorrhage in patients prescribed antiplatelet agents (2.4 per 100 person-years) was double to results from randomized controlled trails, but was similar for patients prescribed warfarin (2.5 per 100 person-years).  Age ≥75 years and previous hemorrhage were associated with a moderately increased risk of future hemorrhage (Paper II). Among IS patients with atrial fibrillation, one-third was prescribed warfarin and two-thirds were prescribed antiplatelets. After adjustment for a propensity score (used to adjust for the non-randomized design), warfarin was associated with a reduced risk of death (0.67; 95% CI, 0.63-0.71) (Paper III). The rate of subsequent hemorrhagic stroke was 0.4 per 100 person-years and the risk did not change (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.73-1.48) when later years of the 2000s (inclusion period 2005-8: follow-up until 2009) was compared with earlier years (inclusion period 2001-4: follow-up until 2005) (Paper IV, cohort). Although the risk of first-ever hemorrhagic stroke more than doubled with warfarin than without, the risk did not change between 2006 and 2009 (Paper IV, case-control). In summary, the prescription of secondary preventive drugs varies with age, even though cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in all ages. The risk of death and hemorrhage are affected by the type of antithrombotic prescribed. Therefore, it is important individual’s stroke and bleeding risks in stroke prevention are assessed.
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Vas, Edit. "Sedentary behaviour and physical activity during a 6-months multimodal lifestyle intervention in persons with mild stage of Alzheimer´s disease : Secondary analyses of existing data." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54617.

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Purpose: The objective was to study how sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA)change during a 6-months multimodal lifestyle intervention including a Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention, a Multimodal Lifestyle and Medical food intervention and a control subgroup, for people with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further, the aim was to explore the predictive value of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy beliefs on level of PA in the two intervention subgroups.  Methods: A secondary analysis of existing data (n=66) from MIND-AD trial with a descriptive evaluation design was conducted. Descriptive and non-parametric statistical analysis were used for between- and within groups analysis. To explore the predictive value of a model with self-efficacy and outcome expectancies at baseline on PA at 6 months, regression analysis was conducted. Effect size was calculated for between-group and withingroup differences. Results: Objectively measured PA increased in the Multimodal Intervention subgroup. SB did not change during the intervention. Outcome expectancies for that impact of exercise is beneficial for health in the long run increased during the intervention. Participants higherinitial outcome expectancies for the impact of exercise would lead to less AD-related difficulties predicted higher PA level at 6 months. Self-efficacy for exercise or outcome expectancies for the impact of exercise on AD-related difficulties did not change during the intervention. Conclusions: PA increased in the Multimodal Intervention subgroup. This difference could not be shown with PA measured by questionnaire which indicates that objective measurements are better suited to measuring PA in people with prodromal AD than subjective measurements. Increased outcome expectancies for that impact of exercise arebeneficial for health in the long run demonstrate the participants strengthened intentions to improve their long-term health. Increasing outcome expectancies to manage AD-related difficulties can be an important part of interventions targeting PA in people with prodromal AD.
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Gueguen, Juliette. "Evaluation des médecines complémentaires : quels compléments aux essais contrôlés randomisés et aux méta-analyses ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS072/document.

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Les médecines complémentaires sont nombreuses et variées, leur recours est largement répandu et en hausse. Selon les pratiques, les données d’évaluation sont plus ou moins riches, mais il y a peu de conclusions consensuelles quant à leur efficacité, même en cas de littérature abondante. Nous commencerons par un état des lieux de l’adéquation des méthodes conventionnelles utilisées pour l’évaluation du médicament, à savoir de l’essai contrôlé randomisé (ECR) et des méta-analyses, pour l’évaluation des médecines complémentaires.A travers trois applications pratiques, nous réfléchirons ensuite à l’apport d’autres méthodes, moins reconnues à ce jour dans le champ de l’evidence based medecine mais pouvant apporter d’autres éclairages. En particulier, nous discuterons de l’intérêt des méthodes mixtes, des études qualitatives et de l’exploitation des grandes bases de données médico-administratives. Nous réaliserons une revue mixte sur l’évaluation de l’hypnose pour le travail et l’accouchement, une étude qualitative sur l’expérience du qi gong par des patientes hospitalisées pour anorexie mentale sévère, et nous étudierons le potentiel d’exploitation du Système National d'Information Inter Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) pour évaluer les médecines complémentaires. Les deux premiers axes nous amèneront à questionner le choix des critères de jugement et des instruments de mesure utilisés dans les ECR et nous inciteront à accorder davantage de place et de légitimité à la perspective du patient. Plus largement, cela nous invitera à remettre en cause la suprématie traditionnellement accordée aux études quantitatives pour la remplacer par une vision non hiérarchique mais synergique des approches qualitatives et quantitatives. Le troisième axe nous permettra d’identifier les limites actuelles à l’exploitation du SNIIRAM pour l’évaluation des médecines complémentaires, à la fois sur le plan technique et sur le plan de la représentativité. Nous proposerons des mesures concrètes pour rendre possible et pertinente son exploitation dans le champ de l'évaluation des médecines complémentaires.Enfin, dans la discussion générale, nous tiendrons compte du fait que l’évaluation des médecines complémentaires n’a pas pour but d’autoriser ou non une mise sur le marché. Ainsi, contrairement à l'évaluation des médicaments, l'évaluation des médecines complémentaires ne s'inscrit pas toujours dans une visée de prise de décision. Nous soulignerons l’importance de tenir compte de la visée (visée de connaissance ou visée de décision) dans l’élaboration d’une stratégie de recherche et nous proposerons deux stratégies différentes en nous appuyant sur la littérature et les résultats issus de nos trois exemples d'application. Concernant la stratégie de recherche à visée de prise de décision, nous montrerons l’importance des étapes de définition de l’intervention, d’identification des critères de jugement pertinents, et d’optimisation de l’intervention, avant la réalisation d’essais pragmatiques visant à évaluer l’efficacité en vie réelle. Nous verrons comment la volonté d’évaluer ces pratiques nous renvoie à des défis en terme de réglementation et nous soulignerons par ailleurs la nécessité d’évaluer la sécurité de ces pratiques en développant des systèmes de surveillance adaptés
Complementary medicines are numerous and varied, their use is widespread and increasing.Quality and quantity of evaluation data depend on the type of complementary medicines, but there are few consensual conclusions about their effectiveness, even in the case of abundant literature. We will start with an inventory of the adequacy of the conventional methods used for drug evaluation, namely randomized controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyzes, for the evaluation of complementary medicines. Through three practical applications, we will then consider the contribution of other methods, less recognized to date in the field of evidence-based medicine but potentially contributive to shed light on other perspectives. In particular, we will discuss the advantages of mixed methods, qualitative studies and the exploitation of large health administrative databases. We will conduct a mixed-method review of the assessment of hypnosis for labor and childbirth, a qualitative study on the experience of qi gong by patients hospitalized for severe anorexia nervosa and we will study the potential of the French national health insurance database (SNIIRAM) to evaluate complementary medicines. The first two axis will lead us to question the choice of outcomes and measurement tools used in RCTs and to value and legitimate the patient's perspective. More broadly, it will invite us to question the hierarchical vision of qualitative and quantitative research that traditionally attributes supremacy to quantitative studies. It will encourage us to replace it with a synergistic vision of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The third axis will enable us to identify the current limits to the use of SNIIRAM for the evaluation of complementary medicines, both technically and in terms of representativeness. We will propose concrete measures to make its exploitation possible and relevant in the field of evaluation of complementary medicines.Finally, in the general discussion, we shall take account of the fact that the evaluation of complementary medicines is not part of a marketing authorization process. Thus, contrary to drug evaluation, complementary medicines evaluation does not always imply decision making. We will emphasize the importance of considering the aim (aim of knowledge or aim of decision) in the development of a research strategy. We will propose two different strategies based on the literature and the results from our three examples. Concerning the research strategy aimed at decision-making, we will show the importance of defining the intervention, identifying the relevant outcomes, and optimizing the intervention first, before carrying out pragmatic clinical trials to evaluate its effectiveness. We will discuss the regulatory challenges complementary medicine evaluation confronts us to, and stress the need to assess the safety of these practices by developing appropriate monitoring systems
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Dwan, Kerry Margaret. "Outcome reporting bias in meta-analysis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526893.

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Introduction: The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Publication bias has been recognised as a potential threat to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. Until recently, outcome reporting bias (ORB) has received less attention. ORB occurs when outcomes are selectively reported for publication based on their results. This can impact upon the results of a meta-analysis, biasing the pooled treatment effect. Methods: Empirical evidence from a series of cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias and ORB in RCTs is reviewed and summarised. Methods for identifying ORB in a review and trial reports are discussed using several motivating examples. Guidelines are obtained and assessed from worldwide organisations and UK based charities that fund RCTs; with regards to trial registration, protocol adherence and trial publication. Statistical, educational and policy solutions are reviewed. A novel weighted linear regression is used to predict missing outcome data when bias is suspected in a review containing structurally related outcomes. A maximum bias bound previously proposed is further assessed using a simulation study to test the sensitivity of the method when heterogeneity is present. The outcome reporting bias in trials (ORBln study is introduced and the impact ORB has on this cohort of reviews from the Cochrane Library is assessed using the bound for maximum bias. Results: Four empirical studies that examined the association between outcome reporting bias and statistical significance found that statistically significant outcomes were more likely to be completely reported than non-significant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2 to 4.7). Guidelines for 73 organisations and charities were reviewed; only eleven of these organisations or charities mentioned the publication of negative as well as positive outcomes. The simulation study indicates that the bound for maximum bias is a useful approach for reviewers to apply to assess the robustness of the conclusions of a review to ORB and can be applied in the presence of heterogeneity. Assessing the impact of ORB in the cohort of reviews in the ORBIT study indicates that ORB had an impact in 15% of the reviews considered. Conclusions: This work summarises the direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publication bias and ORB. Researchers need to be aware of the problems of both types of bias and efforts should be concentrated on improving the reporting of trials. There is a need to provide more detailed guidance for those conducting and reporting RCTs to help prevent the selective reporting of results. There are several complementary initiatives to either prevent ORB or to reduce the occurrence of ORB. Therefore, with the implementation and development of these solutions it is hoped that in the future ORB will become less of a problem. However, methods that detect ORB and adjust results for ORB can be useful while the initiatives are given time to make an impact.
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Books on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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Margaret, Lunney, Herdman T. Heather, and NANDA International, eds. Critical thinking to achieve positive health outcomes: Nursing case studies and analyses. 2nd ed. [Kaukauna, Wis.]: NANDA, 2009.

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1933-, Fuhrer Marcus J., ed. Rehabilitation outcomes: Analysis and measurement. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes Pub. Co., 1987.

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Bradley, Valerie J. Analysis of outcome-based quality assurance systems. Cambridge, MA: Human Serives Research Institute, 1996.

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Press, S. James. The multivariate MISER criterion for balancing multiple-outcome experiments. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1986.

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Measuring outcomes: Data analysis made easy. Chicago: Precept Press, 1997.

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Wall, Deborah K. Measuring outcomes: Data analysis made easy. Chicago: Precept Press, 1997.

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Press, S. James. Analysis of repeated measures experiments with binary outcomes. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

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Chaykowski, Richard P. A simultaneous analysis of grievance activity and outcome decisions. Kingston, Ont: Industrial Relations Centre, Queen's University, 1992.

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Simone, Gilda De. Ending analysis: Theory and technique. London: Karnac Books, 1997.

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Lamport, Nancy K. Activity analysis handbook. 2nd ed. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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Bahadur, Gulam, Roy Homburg, Mariusz Łukaszuk, and Kanna Jayaprakasan. "Analyses and Approaches to Improve IUI Outcome." In Textbook of Assisted Reproduction, 45–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_6.

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Miller, Ted R., and David T. Levy. "Reducing Highway Crash Costs: The Cost-Outcome Analyses." In Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health — Man and Machine, 171–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57248-7_15.

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Fisher, William P., and Stefan J. Cano. "Ideas and Methods in Person-Centered Outcome Metrology." In Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07465-3_1.

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AbstractBroadly stated, this book makes the case for a different way of thinking about how to measure and manage person-centered outcomes in health care. The basic contrast is between statistical and metrological definitions of measurement. The mainstream statistical tradition focuses attention on numbers in centrally planned and executed data analyses, while metrology focuses on distributing meaningfully interpretable instruments throughout networks of end users. The former approaches impose group-level statistics from the top down in homogenizing ways. The latter tracks emergent patterns from the bottom up, feeding them back to end users in custom tailored applications, whose decisions and behaviors are coordinated by means of shared languages. New forms of information and knowledge necessitate new forms of social organization to create them and put them to use. The chapters in this book describe the analytic, design, and organizational methods that have the potential to open up exciting new possibilities for systematic and broad scale improvements in health care outcomes.
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Shek, Daniel T. L., and T. T. Liu. "Subjective Outcome Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S.: Secondary Analyses of the Qualitative Data Collected from Program Implementers." In Quality of Life in Asia, 135–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-54-3_9.

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Schalock, Robert L. "Effectiveness Analysis." In Outcome-Based Evaluation, 43–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2399-1_3.

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Schalock, Robert L. "Impact Analysis." In Outcome-Based Evaluation, 57–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2399-1_4.

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Schalock, Robert L. "Contextual Analysis." In Outcome-Based Evaluation, 173–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2399-1_9.

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Emmett, Anne. "Outcome Analysis." In Quality Management and Accreditation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64492-5_6.

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AbstractTo understand and hence improve the positive impact of any healthcare activity, procedure or intervention, it is essential that there is an objective analysis of the activity, procedure or intervention based on predetermined standards.In the field of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, outcome analysis is the process by which the results of a transplant procedure are formally assessed. It includes a series of reviews for evaluating the effectiveness of the health care provided and for identifying the most promising therapies and transplant approaches, given the available medical evidence and healthcare resources.Outcome analysis allows the transplant team to understand the effects of their practice and improve quality. Its relevance is due to transplant involving high treatment-related risk, significant practice variations, and continual practice developments – for example, recent developments in CAR-T and IEC therapies.The main aim of this chapter is to discuss how to find outcome data and how and when to present it. This will need to be adapted to the local programme.
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Schalock, Robert L. "Benefit-Cost Analysis." In Outcome-Based Evaluation, 75–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2399-1_5.

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Bodh, P. C. "An outcome analysis." In Farmers’ Suicides in India, 84–105. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429244186-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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Baiardini, Ilaria, Paola Rogliani, Pierachille Santus, Marco Contoli, Carla Scognamillo, Angelo Corsico, Nicola Scichilone, Fabio Ferri, Fabiano Di Marco, and Fulvio Braido. "Disease awareness in COPD: Analyses of clinical parameters and patient-reported outcome from the SAT study." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.635.

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Griffin, Beth Ann, Marika Suttorp Booth, Monica Busse-Morris, Edward Wild, Claude Setodji, John Warner, and Amrita Mohan. "F10 Environmental modifiers of huntington’s disease: using propensity scores and outcome analyses to identify causal links." In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.116.

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Duffey, Romney B., and John W. Saull. "The Human Bathtub: Safety and Risk Predictions Including the Dynamic Probability of Operator Errors." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89476.

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Reactor safety and risk are dominated by the potential and major contribution for human error in the design, operation, control, management, regulation and maintenance of the plant, and hence to all accidents. Given the possibility of accidents and errors, now we need to determine the outcome (error) probability, or the chance of failure. Conventionally, reliability engineering is associated with the failure rate of components, or systems, or mechanisms, not of human beings in and interacting with a technological system. The probability of failure requires a prior knowledge of the total number of outcomes, which for any predictive purposes we do not know or have. Analysis of failure rates due to human error and the rate of learning allow a new determination of the dynamic human error rate in technological systems, consistent with and derived from the available world data. The basis for the analysis is the “learning hypothesis” that humans learn from experience, and consequently the accumulated experience defines the failure rate. A new “best” equation has been derived for the human error, outcome or failure rate, which allows for calculation and prediction of the probability of human error. We also provide comparisons to the empirical Weibull parameter fitting used in and by conventional reliability engineering and probabilistic safety analysis methods. These new analyses show that arbitrary Weibull fitting parameters and typical empirical hazard function techniques cannot be used to predict the dynamics of human errors and outcomes in the presence of learning. Comparisons of these new insights show agreement with human error data from the world’s commercial airlines, the two shuttle failures, and from nuclear plant operator actions and transient control behavior observed in transients in both plants and simulators. The results demonstrate that the human error probability (HEP) is dynamic, and that it may be predicted using the learning hypothesis and the minimum failure rate, and can be utilized for probabilistic risk analysis purposes.
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Zhu, Liang, and Axel J. Rosengart. "Cooling Penetration Surrounding an Intra-Parenchymal Cooling Probe in Hypothermia Treatment for Ischemia or Head Injury Patients: Theoretical Analyses." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61109.

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Inducing hypothermia to brain tissue after brain ischemia or head injury has been demonstrated beneficial to the patients. Clinical studies have shown that even 1 or 2°C temperature reduction in brain tissue can be protective [Dietrich 1992]. On the contrary, fever-induced hyperthermia can worsen the neurological outcome in an animal model after cerebral ischemia. It is of clinical importance to understand the temperature distribution in brain during brain hypothermia.
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Liew, Belle, Clea Southall, Muholan Kanapathy, and Dariush Nikkhah. "Does Post-Mastectomy Radiation Therapy Worsen Outcomes in Immediate Autologous Breast Flap Reconstruction? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." In VIRTUAL ACADEMIC SURGERY CONFERENCE 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.04.001.1.

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Background There is great uncertainty regarding the practice of immediate autologous breast reconstruction (IBR) when post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is indicated. Many plastic surgery units differ in their protocols, with some recommending delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) instead. Nevertheless, the cosmetic and psychosocial benefits offered by IBR are significant. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review and analyse existing literature to compare irradiated and unirradiated autologous flaps. Methods A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases was conducted in November 2020 for primary studies assessing outcomes of IBR with and without PMRT. Primary outcomes were the incidence of clinical complications, observer- and patient-reported outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed to obtain the pooled risk ratio of individual complications where possible. Results Twenty-one articles involving 3817 patients were included. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated risk ratios for fat necrosis (RR=1.91, p<0.00001), secondary surgery (RR=1.62, p=0.03) and volume loss (RR=8.16, p<0.00001) favouring unirradiated flaps, but no significant difference in all other reported complications. The unirradiated group scored higher in observer-reported outcome measures, but self-reported aesthetic and general satisfaction rates were similar. Conclusions IBR should still be offered to patients as a viable option after mastectomy, even if they require PMRT. Despite the statistically significant higher risks of fat necrosis and contracture, these changes appear to be less clinically relevant, as corroborated by generally positive self-reported scores from patients who developed the aforementioned complications. Preoperative and intraoperative measures can further optimize reconstruction and mitigate post-radiation sequelae. Careful management of patients’ expectations is also imperative.
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Sims, J. Robert, Bilal M. Ayyub, Kenneth R. Balkey, and Richard E. Feigel. "A Common Approach to Risk Analysis for Homeland Security Decision-Making." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42598.

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For many years, risk analysis has been used extensively to inform decisions by government and industry. Different methodologies have been employed, resulting in differences in terminology and approach that make it difficult to compare the results of analyses in different fields. Dealing with terrorist threats requires prioritizing the allocation of resources across a broad spectrum of possible targets. Therefore, a common approach is needed to allow comparison of risks. This paper provides a brief outline of an approach that will allow the results of risk analyses performed using current methodologies to be expressed in a common format and terminology to facilitate resource allocation decisions. The results of a risk analysis should never be the only basis for decision-making, but a decision made without employing risk analysis will probably not result in the best outcome.
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Reis, Suzana Bleckmann, Wanderley Marques Bernardo, Carlos Andre Oshiro, Hermano Igo Krebs, and Adriana Bastos Conforto. "Effects of robotic therapy associated with non-invasive brain stimulation on upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.617.

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Background: Robot-assisted therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are promising strategies for stroke rehabilitation. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the evidence of NIBS as an add-on intervention to robotic therapy in order to improve outcomes of upper limb motor impairment or activity in subjects with stroke. Methods: This study was performed according to the PRISMA Protocol and was previously registered on the PROSPERO Platform (CRD42017054563 - https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=54563). Seven databases and grey literature were systematically searched by two reviewers, and 1176 registers were accessed. Eight randomized clinical trials with outcome measures of upper limb body structure/ function or activity limitation were included. Subgroup analyses were performed according to: phase post- stroke; device characteristics (i.e. arm support, joints involved, unimanual or bimanual training); NIBS paradigm; timing of stimulation and number of sessions. The Grade-Pro Software was used to assess quality of the evidence. Results: A nonsignificant homogeneous summary effect size was found both for body structure function domain (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -3.10 to 3.40; P = 0.93, I² = 0%) and activity limitation domain (standard mean difference 0.03, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.33; P = 0.87, I² = 0%). Conclusions: According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, there is a lack of evidence that NIBS, as an add-on intervention to RT, improves outcomes of upper limb motor impairments or activity in subjects with stroke.
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Brezavšček, Alenka, Gregor Rus, and Anja Žnidaršič. "Poučevanje matematike v živo in na daljavo – primerjava dosežkov študentov na kolokvijih." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.8.

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t The paper describes the results of the case-study where the students’ outcomes in the mathematics midterm exams were compared regarding the type of the teaching method used during the course: in-class or online. In the analyses, various factors such as prior knowledge of math from secondary school, engagement in learning activities, and success in e-lessons were taken into account. The results of the case study could not confirm any significant difference in average outcomes of both groups of students. We can therefore conclude that the type of the teaching method (in-class or online), as well as the method of knowledge examination, have no significant impact on students’ outcome. Furthermore, the results also showed that the students who took the course online expressed a higher level of engagement in comparison to those who participated in class. Their greater engagement in learning activities can be explained through the fact that the online course took place during lock-down due to COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Namely, the strong lock-down measures disable the students to perform various extracurricular activities, which can result in their stronger motivation to perform study activities on a regular basis.
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Green, Itzhak. "On the Kinematics and Kinetics of Mechanical Seals, Rotors, and Wobbling Bodies." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64122.

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Mechanical seals, rotors, and wobbling bodies are characterized by a kinematical constraint that prevents them from having integral motion with respect to their own frame. A valid kinematical model is a prerequisite to subsequent dynamic analyses. Three previous works have suggested distinctly different kinematical models to the same problem. The analysis herein presents yet another kinematical model that preserves (actually enforces) the proper kinematical constraint. The outcome reaffirms one of the previous models. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange’s equations to complement results obtained previously by Newton-Euler mechanics.
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Jamshidi, Maral, Rainer Fagerholm, Sofia Khan, Kristiina Aittomäki, Carl Blomqvist, Marjanka K. Schmidt, and Heli Nevanlinna. "Abstract 3274: SNP-SNP interaction analyses of NQO1 and NF-κB signaling pathway genes on breast cancer survival and treatment outcome." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3274.

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Reports on the topic "Outcome analyses"

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XU, Fangyuan, Qiqi Yang, Wenchao ZHANG, and Wei HUANG. Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion in reducing urine leakage for female stress urinary incontinence: A protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0100.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: Female patients who are diagnosed with SUI according to any widely recognized and accepted criteria, regardless of their age, ethnicity, education, or social status. Interventions: The treatment used in the experimental group mainly includes acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needle acupuncture, stick-moxibustion, direct-moxibustion, partition moxibustion, or one of the above therapies combined with traditional Chinese medicine or pelvic floor muscle exercise. Comparator/control: The control groups were treated with conventional western medicine, pelvic floor muscle exercise, electrical stimulation, or placebo. Outcome indicators: (1) Primary outcomes: effective rate, urine leakage in 1-hour pad test; (2) Secondary outcomes: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score, pelvic floor muscle strength, frequency of 24-hour urinary incontinence, and adverse reactions. Types of studies: Peer-reviewed SRs and MAs based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be included in this overview.
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Khan, Ayesha, and Komal Qidwai. Donor Action in Pakistan: A Comparative Case Study of CDIP and AAWAZ. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.025.

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This paper analyses findings from a study of the Consolidating Democracy in Pakistan (CDIP) and AAWAZ Voice and Accountability programmes, both funded by the UK government. The study is a contribution to the A4EA research programme workstream ‘Unpacking Donor Action’. It is based on a secondary literature review, analysis of programme documents, and qualitative interviews with individuals who worked with these programmes at various levels. The analysis explores the interaction between the two programmes to argue they produced strong synergies as an outcome of their adaptive programming approach. The synergising took place under conditions of growing constraints on civic society and the democratic process during the programme life cycles. The paper concludes that the beneficial interaction effects were an outcome of strategic partnerships with a common implementing agency (DAI) and deep engagement with civil society organisations, but without empowered local government and on-going donor support the empowerment effects are difficult to sustain.
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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Eleanor Carter, and Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2021/001.

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This report is part of the GO Lab-supported International Network for Data on Impact and Government Outcomes (INDIGO). This report reflects on the general landscape of impact bond projects across the world. The first section analyses the countries leading the way with impact bonds in a number of categories and it also examines the distribution of projects across different policy sectors. The second section provides an overview of international impact bonds - projects where at least one of the outcome payers is located in a different country to the location of service delivery. It presents key statistics on international impact bonds, and analyses their distribution across policy areas and geographies. The last section features the projects of the Life Chances Fund. This report uses data as of 01 July 2021.
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Nelson, Gena. A Systematic Review of the Quality of Reporting in Mathematics Meta-Analyses for Students with or at Risk of Disabilities Coding Protocol. Boise State University, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped138.boisestate.

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The purpose of this document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 22 meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with or at-risk of disabilities. The purpose of the systematic review was to evaluate reporting quality in meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with or at risk of disabilities. To identify meta-analyses for inclusion, we considered peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2020; we searched five education-focused electronic databases, scanned the table of contents of six special education journals, reviewed the curriculum vitae of researchers who frequently publish meta-analyses in mathematics and special education, and scanned the reference lists of meta-analyses that met inclusion criteria. To be included in this systematic review, meta-analyses must have reported on the effectiveness of mathematics-focused interventions, provided a summary effect for a mathematics outcome variable, and included school-aged participants with or at risk of having a disability. We identified 22 meta-analyses for inclusion. We coded each meta-analysis for 53 quality indicators (QIs) across eight categories based on recommendations from Talbott et al. (2018). Overall, the meta-analyses met 61% of QIs and results indicated that meta-analyses most frequently met QIs related to providing a clear purpose (95%) and data analysis plan (77%), whereas meta-analyses typically met fewer QIs related to describing participants (39%) and explaining the abstract screening process (48%). We discuss the variation in QI scores within and across the quality categories and provide recommendations for future researchers so that reporting in meta-analyses may be enhanced. Limitations of the current study are that grey literature was not considered for inclusion and that only meta-analyses were included; this limits the generalizability of the results to other research syntheses (e.g., narrative reviews, systematic reviews) and publication types (e.g., dissertations).
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Nelson, Gena. A Systematic Review of the Quality of Reporting in Mathematics Meta-Analyses for Students with or at Risk of Disabilities Coding Protocol. Boise State University, Albertsons Library, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped.138.boisestate.

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The purpose of this document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 22 meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with or at-risk of disabilities. The purpose of the systematic review was to evaluate reporting quality in meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with or at risk of disabilities. To identify meta-analyses for inclusion, we considered peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2020; we searched five education-focused electronic databases, scanned the table of contents of six special education journals, reviewed the curriculum vitae of researchers who frequently publish meta-analyses in mathematics and special education, and scanned the reference lists of meta-analyses that met inclusion criteria. To be included in this systematic review, meta-analyses must have reported on the effectiveness of mathematics-focused interventions, provided a summary effect for a mathematics outcome variable, and included school-aged participants with or at risk of having a disability. We identified 22 meta-analyses for inclusion. We coded each meta-analysis for 53 quality indicators (QIs) across eight categories based on recommendations from Talbott et al. (2018). Overall, the meta-analyses met 61% of QIs and results indicated that meta-analyses most frequently met QIs related to providing a clear purpose (95%) and data analysis plan (77%), whereas meta-analyses typically met fewer QIs related to describing participants (39%) and explaining the abstract screening process (48%). We discuss the variation in QI scores within and across the quality categories and provide recommendations for future researchers so that reporting in meta-analyses may be enhanced. Limitations of the current study are that grey literature was not considered for inclusion and that only meta-analyses were included; this limits the generalizability of the results to other research syntheses (e.g., narrative reviews, systematic reviews) and publication types (e.g., dissertations).
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de Carvalho, Clístenes Crístian, Ioannis Kapsokalyvas, and Kariem El-Boghdadly. Second-generation supraglottic airways vs endotracheal tubes in adults undergoing abdominopelvic surgeries: a protocol for a systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0041.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to compare second-generation supraglottic airways with endotracheal tubes for perioperative safety and quality of postoperative recovery as well as for ventilation performance and risk of pulmonary aspiration. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria will be as follows: randomized clinical trials; human patients aged ≥ 16 years undergoing abdominopelvic procedures under general anaesthesia from any population (e.g., general population, pregnant women, obese patients); data available on any outcome related to insertion performance (e.g., failed first attempt, failed insertion, and time to insertion), ventilation efficacy (e.g., leak pressure, leak fraction, and ventilation inadequacy), risk of regurgitation and aspiration (e.g., gastric insufflation, regurgitation, and aspiration), quality of postoperative recovery (e.g., sore throat, hoarseness, and postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV]), and major complications (e.g., laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and hypoxemia); and comparison between any second-generation SGA and an endotracheal tube. We will exclude: studies reported in a language that prevent us of extracting relevant information; outcomes with no objective data presented (i.e., effect sizes, measures of dispersion, frequency, etc.); and studies with contradictory data.
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Sriraj, P. S., Bo Zou, Lise Dirks, Nahid Parvez Farazi, Elliott Lewis, and Jean Paul Manzanarez. Maritime Freight Data Collection Systems and Database to Support Performance Measures and Market Analyses. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-021.

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The Illinois Marine Transportation System (IMTS) is a key component of the nation’s inland waterway system. IMTS is comprised of 27 locks and dams, 19 port districts, more than 350 active terminals, and 1,118 miles of navigable inland waterways traversing along the borderline or within the state of Illinois. However, the infrastructure of IMTS is aging and its conditions are deteriorating. To monitor the performance of IMTS and guide infrastructure investment to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability of the system, a comprehensive performance measurement program is needed. To this end, the objective of this project is to create an integrated, comprehensive, and maintainable database that facilitates performance measurement of maritime freight to, from, and through Illinois. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on maritime freight transportation both in the United States and abroad was performed. To gauge practitioners’ points of view, a series of phone interviews and online surveys of Illinois’ neighboring state DOT officials, officials from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois port district authorities, and carriers operating in Illinois was also conducted. With the findings from the literature review and an understanding of state DOT practices, the needed and available data sources for a maritime freight performance measurement program were identified. Building on all the above efforts, a first-of-its-kind PM database for IMTS was designed and developed, along with a detailed user manual, ready for IDOT’s immediate use and future updates. In addition, opportunities for IDOT to use the database to conduct analysis are discussed. Key programmatic recommendations that outline the role of IDOT as a champion and as a facilitator are further included. The outcome of this project will help IDOT gain much-needed knowledge of and develop programs to improve IMTS performance, increase multimodal transportation network capacity, and expand the transportation and logistics sector of the state, which ultimately benefit the people and economy of Illinois.
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Leavy, Michelle B., Costas Boussios, Robert L. Phillips, Jr., Diana Clarke, Barry Sarvet, Aziz Boxwala, and Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Final Report. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressionfinal.

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Objective. The objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility and value of collecting harmonized depression outcome measures in the patient registry and health system settings, displaying the outcome measures to clinicians to support individual patient care and population health management, and using the resulting measures data to support patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). Methods. The harmonized depression outcome measures selected for this project were response, remission, recurrence, suicide ideation and behavior, adverse effects of treatment, and death from suicide. The measures were calculated in the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, and displayed on the registry dashboards for the participating pilot sites. At the conclusion of the data collection period (March 2020-March 2021), registry data were analyzed to describe implementation of measurement-based care and outcomes in the primary care and behavioral health care settings. To calculate and display the measures in the health system setting, a Substitutable Medical Apps, Reusable Technology (SMART) on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) application was developed and deployed at Baystate Health. Finally a stakeholder panel was convened to develop a prioritized research agenda for PCOR in depression and to provide feedback on the development of a data use and governance toolkit. Results. Calculation of the harmonized outcome measures within the PRIME Registry and PsychPRO was feasible, but technical and operational barriers needed to be overcome to ensure that relevant data were available and that the measures were meaningful to clinicians. Analysis of the registry data demonstrated that the harmonized outcome measures can be used to support PCOR across care settings and data sources. In the health system setting, this project demonstrated that it is technically and operationally feasible to use an open-source app to calculate and display the outcome measures in the clinician’s workflow. Finally, this project produced tools and resources to support future implementations of harmonized measures and use of the resulting data for research, including a prioritized research agenda and data use and governance toolkit. Conclusion. Standardization of outcome measures across patient registries and routine clinical care is an important step toward creating robust, national-level data infrastructure that could serve as the foundation for learning health systems, quality improvement initiatives, and research. This project demonstrated that it is feasible to calculate the harmonized outcome measures for depression in two patient registries and a health system setting, display the results to clinicians to support individual patient management and population health, and use the outcome measures data to support research. This project also assessed the value and burden of capturing the measures in different care settings and created standards-based tools and other resources to support future implementations of harmonized outcome measures in depression and other clinical areas. The findings and lessons learned from this project should serve as a roadmap to guide future implementations of harmonized outcome measures in depression and other clinical areas.
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Xin, Yuning, Hongyu Li, Gungyu Cheng, Junfeng Cui, Yinghui Liu, Aidong Liu, Xiaolin Xu, Pengfei Li, and Huize Han. Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervicogenic Hypertension A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0036.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with cervicogenic hypertension，Through scientific verification, it provides clinicians with application reference and provides more choices for patients to solve pain. Patients included should have a clear diagnosis of cervicogenic hypertension(In the absence of antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure was measured 3 times a day, systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg; or a clear history of hypertension and Diagnosis of cervical spondylosis using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other imaging methods)；The intervention group received acupuncture treatment alone or acupuncture combined with treatment by Chinese herbal medicine or conventional Western medicine; The control group was a blank control group, a placebo group, a fake acupuncture group or received treatment only through conventional Western medicine； The Inclusion criteria of study type was an RCT; The outcomes of the main analyses were efficacy of clinical symptoms，systolic blood pressure value，Diastolic blood pressure value；Secondary outcome indicators were Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome curative effects, Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome scores,and adverse reactions.
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Alarcón, Marco, Tatiana Amagua, Donald Morales, and Ana Lucia Seminario. EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN HIV+ PATIENS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate whether periodontal treatment influences clinical outcomes and immunological conditions in HIV+ patients. (P) Participants: VIH+ patients. (I) Interventions: Surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials, others. (C) Comparison: Non-surgical treatment. (O) Outcome measures: - Periodontal outcomes: plaque scores, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket Depth, clinical attachment levels; - VIH outcomes: -Count CD4+; -Microbiological analysis. Condition being studied: Our study will analyze the effect of periodontal treatment in HIV+ patients and will evaluate changes in periodontal, immunological and microbiological parameters.
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