Academic literature on the topic 'Ottoman influences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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Dinç, Enis. "German Influences on Ottoman Film Propaganda during World War I." German Studies Review 46, no. 3 (October 2023): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gsr.2023.a910185.
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abstract: When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I, it lacked the experience of other European countries in using modern propaganda techniques to mobilize its population for the war effort. The German Empire assisted the Ottomans to set up a propaganda machine in which cinema, the most modern visual technology of the time, also had a role to play. Through the analysis of primary sources such as films, photographs, memoirs, letters, and reports, this article sheds light on the forgotten role of the Germans in introducing film propaganda to the Ottomans during World War I.
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Dalillah Mohd Isa, Ammalina, Napisah Karimah Ismail, Firuz Akhtar Mohamad Bohari, Lily Hanefarezan Asbulah, Nor Syamimi Mohd, Nur Ainul Basyirah Alias, Nurliyana Mohd Talib, and Afeez Nawfal Mohd Isa. "THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE BALKAN SOCIETY, 1354-1450." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 09 (September 30, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17501.
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The entrance of the Ottomans in the Balkans in the 14th century brought about significant changes in European history. The Balkans, which had been administered by the Byzantine Roman Empire with Christian church influence, were now conquered by the Ottoman Empire, which introduced new administrative structures and organisations with Islamic influences. This has influenced the socio-cultural makeup of the community, particularly at the conclusion of Sultan Murad IIs reign. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of Islam in the socio-cultural transformations of Balkan society from the early years of Ottoman rule until the end of Sultan Murad II reign. This study employs a qualitative research method through content analysis, as well as descriptive and deductive analysis. According to the findings of this study, Islam played an active part in influencing the socio-culture of Balkan society during Ottoman rule in a multitude of ways. The first is to lay the groundwork for the Ottoman governments administrative and legal systems. The second is to prioritise the provision of Islamic infrastructure and facilities and waqf institutions in order to promote the Muslim community and the Balkan region. Third, assigning the obligation of preaching and spreading Islam to all Muslims, and last, promoting a better lifestyle change in accordance with Islamic principles, among Balkans who have recently adopted Islam.
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Xhaferri, Manjola, and Mirela Tase. "The Influence of Ottoman Culture on the Way of life of Albanian Society." Journal of Education Culture and Society 15, no. 1 (June 13, 2024): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2024.1.557.566.
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Aim. This paper aims to highlight the elements of Ottoman culture that have influenced Albanians' culture and way of life. Albania was under Ottoman occupation for five centuries, which has had various consequences on the country's economic, cultural, and social life. Methods. To realize this study, a series of methods have been used, such as research, comparative, and cartographic methods. The comparative method consists of the authors confronting each other regarding the influences of Ottoman culture and how widespread it became in Albanian culture. The cartographic method aims to explain the extent of Ottoman work in Albania and whether it managed to penetrate Albanian territorial integrity. Results. Whether we like it or not, Ottoman influences are already part of our heritage in values, customs, traditions, beliefs, material culture, folklore, clothing, architecture, and the life of Albanians. Conclusion. The study has enabled a better understanding of the constructions of the time, their quality, level, and extent; at the same time, they testify to historical phenomena, such as the process of resistance to the invaders, the Islamization of the Albanian population, and the beginning of economic growth and especially of cities.
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Boyar, Ebru. "Medicine in Practice: European Influences on the Ottoman Medical Habitat." Turkish Historical Review 9, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00903001.
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This article considers the transfer of medical knowledge from Europe to the Ottoman empire and argues that what was significant in such transfer was medical practice rather than textual transfer, that the Ottomans were open to adopting medical knowledge from the non-Islamic world, the deciding factor being not the origin but the successful nature of the treatment, and that if there was a border which medical knowledge did not traverse, it was one created by everyday custom not by any Muslim/Christian divide or rejection of knowledge from outside.
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Zia, Sana, and Safya Noor. "The Evolution of Ottoman Architecture and its Distinct Characteristics." Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture 3, no. 01 (July 17, 2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46896/jicc.v3i01.89.
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Architecture reflects and pinpoints its nation’s progress and mindset. Ottoman Empire, which ruled over three continents, is known for its unique and magnificent architecture represented by grand mosques, seminaries and imperial palaces .The so called Ottoman Architecture was created with in the domain of the Ottoman Empire and is known for its distinct characteristics. This architecture was initially influenced by Seljuk architecture. All Ottoman Sultans had special taste for architecture .Later on, the center was shifted to the capital of the fallen Byzantine Empire, and thus got inspirations from byzantine art .The most well۔known architect of that era was Sinan who revolutionized the art of architecture. He designed almost three hundred buildings distinguished for spacious courtyards surrounded by vast gardens. In the 18th century, Ottoman Sultanate came into contact with Europe, and therefore Baroque influences came to be seen in their architecture. Hence, internal decorations became prominent in the architecture.
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Mustapha, Fadhilah, and Maisarah Hasbullah. "KEMASUKAN SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI DARI BARAT KE DALAM KERAJAAN UTHMANIYYAH PADA ABAD KE-18 DAN ABAD KE-19: SATU PENILAIAN SEJARAH." SEJARAH 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no1.2.
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The Ottoman Empire known as a great and longest lasting Islamic empire. It began to face great threats fromthe west during the 17th century. Beginning with the defeat to Vienna in 1683, the Ottomans lost many of their territories in several wars. Recognizing the rising power of the west, several efforts were taken in order to reinforce the empire's strength. One of the step is via transmission of science and technology from the west to the empire. This study is using qualitative method based on literature review, interviews and field studies conducted in Turkey aimed at understanding how the processes happended and the institutions involved in the processes. The findings show that the introduction of science and technology in Ottoman during 18thcentury until 19thcentury took place through three main channels, which is translation of books on western science and technology into Turkish, sending Ottoman to western countries, and the establishment of new institutions that provided western science and technology learning. However, this paper only focused on two forms of transmission; the establishment of new learning institutions and translation efforts. The institutions under review are military institutions, medical institutions and higher education institutions. On the other hand, in the field of translation, the areas of knowledge that are focused in this study are astronomy, medicine and military. Through what is happening in the Ottomans, Malaysia as a developing country can learned, either directly or indirectly, from the Ottoman experienced in facing western influences to this country.
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MEKKAS, Malika. "OTTOMAN INFLUENCES ON THE SIDI EL KETTANI MOSQUE IN CONSTANTINE ALGERIA." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (May 1, 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.4-3.18.
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The city of constantine is considered one of the algerian cities , that witnessed tremendous urban and architectural devlopment during the ottoman era, and the ottoman chose it to be the capital of eastern algeria, and the city witnessed during this period the building of many mosques but most of these monuments were subjected to sabotage and destruction from the party of french colonialism, and perhaps the most important models that still presrve a large part of their orignal style, we mention the sidi el kettani mosque which was built by salih bey as it combined the local architectural style, with the incoming ottoman style and this gave it a unique characteristic in the field of architecture in addition, to its richness of exquisite architectural and decorative elements
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Kurt, Burcu. "The Ottoman State Between Urban Space and Environment: Preserving the Drinking Water of Istanbul." Belleten 85, no. 304 (December 1, 2021): 933–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2021.933.
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This study reveals the contribution of environmental and sanitarian factors to the shaping of the cities, particularly the Ottoman capital Istanbul. This paper, focusing on the second half of the 19th century, discusses the man-made environmental destruction, the water shortage that emerged as a result of uncontrolled urbanization and the Ottoman state’s evacuation process of the Belgrad, Kömürcü and Bahçecik villages due to the threat of disease. Thusly, this paper aims to shed light on the extent to which Ottoman urbanization was exposed to environmental influences.
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Rusu, Eduard. "The Musical-Artistic Dimension of the Mehterhane." Artes. Journal of Musicology 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 262–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajm-2020-0015.
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AbstractMehterhane represents the most important musical formation found in the royal courts of Moldova and the Wallachia, because it is the one that makes the connection – from an artistic and political point of view – between these countries and the Ottoman Empire. The context in which this musical formation comes into the possession of the Romanian rulers is related to the geopolitical context of the Romanian Countries related to the Ottoman Empire. Due to the increasing influence of the Ottomans on the Romanian Countries, they become an integral part of the empire from the Ottoman perspective. As a result, the Romanian rulers received the sultan’s reign, in exchange for a sum of money, and they invested them according to Ottoman practice, by conferring a badge, as a representation of the sultan’s political power, among which elements were the mehterhane. This formation was the one that accompanied the ruler not only in all the official public events, but also in the private ones, assuring him the necessary grandeur, being as well regarded as a bey in the political hierarchy of the Gate from this point of view. From an artistic point of view, in Moldova and the Wallachia, the mehterhane had to be heard daily at dusk (chindie) and to make the parade, called “nöbet”. The music of mehterhane was both instrumental and vocal-instrumental, while the main repertoire consisted of military marches and prayers (gülbank), sung during war, while he performed octaves, bestels and semais following the structure of “fasıl” concerts, specific to Ottoman music in general during peacetime. Due to the psychological effect exerted on the enemies on the battlefield and the moralizing effect on the Ottoman soldiers, the mehterhane was also adopted by some European armies, without reaching the expected effect, due to the mismatch with the foreign environment where it was active. The more, it starts to become well known by Western influence and its musical influences are taken over by famous composers such as Mozart.
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Durak, Ahmet Cem. "Jewish Mystical Influences on a Medieval Ottoman Hagiography." English Language Notes 56, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-4337462.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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VINOT, FRANCOIS. "La presence francaise et britannique de 1838 a 1850 dans le proche-orient ottoman : echanges et influences." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20072.
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Notre etude des relations entre les deux principales puissances de l'europe occidentale et la partie proche-oorientale de l'empire ottoman (de la turquie a l'egypte actuelles) commence avec la conclusion du traite de commerce de balta limani. Ce traite signe avec la grande-bretagne, puis la france,en 1838, a fixe un nouveau cadre juridique et facilite ainsi des echanges commerciaux en pleine croissance, sapant les efforts locaux d'industrialisation, en particulier en egypte. La penetration occidentale s'appuie sur des communautes "levantines", qui jouissent souvent de la protection juridique des consuls, que les accords internationaux (les fameuses "capitulations") destinaient aux nationaux francais ou anglais, nonobstant les efforts des ottomans pour limiter ces abus. Ces couches privilegiees d'intermediaires constitutent un relais entre les chretiens et les juifs d'europe et l'ensemble de leurs coreligionnaires du proche-orient, auxquels s'adressent les oeuvres de charite, d'enseignement ou d'apostolat des missionnaires catholiques ou protestants ou de voyageyrs juifs. Apres leur succes sur le plan economique, les occidentaux acquierent ainsi une influence considerable sur la societe et les mentalites locales, sauf aupres des musulmans. La question du maintien de la souverainete ottomante se pose donc avec acuite. Tous les representants europeens la reconnaissent dans le principe, mais la contestent souvent dans son exercice quotidienOur study of the relations between the two main powers of xestern europe and the near eastern part of the ottoman empire (from contempory turkey to egypt) begins with the conclusion of the treaty iof balta limani. This treaty signed with great-britainb, and the with france, in 1838, establishes a new legal frame, making therefore easier commercial exchanges, in full growth, and impeding local attempts towards industrialization, peculiarly in egypt. Western penetration rests upon "levantine" communites, enjoying very often the juridical protection of the consuls, which international agreements (the famous "capitulations") bestowed on french and british nationals, despite the ottomans' efforts to restrain these excesses. These privileged classes of interlediaires join together the christians and jews of europe and their coreligionists of the near east, concerned with the activities of catholic and portestant missionaries and jewish trave ers innthe fields of education, charity, and religious teachings. Besides their economic successes, the europeans acquire in this way a considerable influence on local society and mentalities, except on muslims. The question of ottoman sovereignty and its integrity becomes more and more acute. Though all european representatives acknowledge it in principle, they often contest it in everyday issues. Their grievances about corruption, incapacity and "fanatism" prepare some interferences, especially in relation with the suez canal project
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Prévost, Stéphanie. "La Question d'Orient dans la culture politique britannique : réception et influences (1875-1898)." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2017.
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Cette thèse étudie la réception de la Question d'Orient au Royaume-Uni entre la crise orientale de1875-6 et celle de 1894-8, ainsi que son incidence sur la culture politique britannique. Preuves à l'appui, nous remettrons en cause les deux positions historiographiques prépondérantes selon lesquelles la Question d'Orient était, à l'époque pour le Royaume-Uni, une simple question diplomatique et que son incidence sur la culture politique britannique se limitait à l'affrontement entre Gladstone et Disraeli entre 1876 et 1880. Nous argumenterons, au contraire, que les influences de la Question d'Orient sur le Royaume-Uni vont bien au-delà de 1880 et sont, dans le dernier quart du dix-neuvième siècle, multiples et extrêmement complexes. Sans remettre en cause son aspect diplomatique et géopolitique, il nous faudra également considérer son incidence rhétorique,culturelle et idéologique sur la politique britanniqueThis dissertation explores the reception of the Eastern Question in Britain between the 1875-6 Eastern crisis (marked by the 'Bulgarian atrocities') and that of 1894-8 (which corresponds to the episode of the 'Armenian massacres' and to its consequences), as well as the impact it had on British political culture. l will rely on contemporary evidence to question the two main historiographical positions that the Eastern Question was, at the time, just a diplomatic issue and that ~ts only impact on British political culture was the contest that opposed Disraeli and Gladstone between 1876 and 1880. Instead, it will be argued here that the impact of the Eastern Question in Britain goes well beyond 1880 and is both multi-faceted and extremely complex. Without down playing its diplomatic and geopolitical relevance, l will seek to assess its rhetorical, cultural and ideological influences on British politics
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Alhaidar, Maha. "Influences et conséquences d'un siècle d'enseignement de la langue française en Irak (1869-1958)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL065.
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Nous traitons ici de l’enseignement en Irak sous l'Empire Ottoman, aux XIXe et XXe siècles, dans un pays autrefois multi-ethnique et pluri-confessionnel. Pendant les Tanzimat, l'Irak bénéficia des réformes du gouverneur Midhat Pacha. Plusieurs écoles Chrétiennes, Juives et des différentes communautés existaient avant les missions religieuses occidentales (Carmes, Dominicains. Alliance Israélite Universelle). L'évolution des différents établissements et leurs liens éventuels sont décrits ici. À partir d'archives françaises et iraquiennes, un panorama précis de l'enseignement irakien s'établit après 1908. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle des écoles privées des missions françaises catholiques et juives qui ont diffusé la langue et la culture (laïcité) françaises en Irak (imprimerie, traductions, presse), avec l'appui de la diplomatie française au-delà du gouvernement de Vichy. Sept portraits d'intellectuels irakiens illustrent l'influence française en même temps que la réhabilitation de la langue arabe. Nous pensons contribuer ainsi à une meilleure connaissance de l'Irak au XIXe siècle et revivifier les échanges culturels entre notre pays et la FranceWe are dealing here with education in Iraq under the Ottoman Empire, in the nineteenth and twentieth century's, in a once multi-ethnic and multi-confessional country. During the Tanzimat, Iraq benefited from the reforms of Governor Midhat Pasha. Several Christian, Jewish and different communities' schools existed before Western religious missions (Carmelites, Dominicans, Alliance Israelite Universally). The evolution of the different institutions and their possible links are described here. From French and Iraqi archives, a precise panorama of Iraqi education is established since 1908. We highlight the role of the private schools of the French Catholic and Jewish missions which disseminated French language and culture (secularism) in Iraq (printing, translations, press), with the support of French diplomacy till and after the government of Vichy.Seven portraits of Iraqi intellectuals illustrate the French influence as well as the rehabilitation of the Arabic language. We believe we contribute in this way to a better knowledge of Iraq in the nineteenth century and to revitalize the cultural exchanges between our country and France
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Alhaidar, Maha. "Influences et conséquences d'un siècle d'enseignement de la langue française en Irak (1869-1958)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL065.
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Nous traitons ici de l’enseignement en Irak sous l'Empire Ottoman, aux XIXe et XXe siècles, dans un pays autrefois multi-ethnique et pluri-confessionnel. Pendant les Tanzimat, l'Irak bénéficia des réformes du gouverneur Midhat Pacha. Plusieurs écoles Chrétiennes, Juives et des différentes communautés existaient avant les missions religieuses occidentales (Carmes, Dominicains. Alliance Israélite Universelle). L'évolution des différents établissements et leurs liens éventuels sont décrits ici. À partir d'archives françaises et iraquiennes, un panorama précis de l'enseignement irakien s'établit après 1908. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle des écoles privées des missions françaises catholiques et juives qui ont diffusé la langue et la culture (laïcité) françaises en Irak (imprimerie, traductions, presse), avec l'appui de la diplomatie française au-delà du gouvernement de Vichy. Sept portraits d'intellectuels irakiens illustrent l'influence française en même temps que la réhabilitation de la langue arabe. Nous pensons contribuer ainsi à une meilleure connaissance de l'Irak au XIXe siècle et revivifier les échanges culturels entre notre pays et la FranceWe are dealing here with education in Iraq under the Ottoman Empire, in the nineteenth and twentieth century's, in a once multi-ethnic and multi-confessional country. During the Tanzimat, Iraq benefited from the reforms of Governor Midhat Pasha. Several Christian, Jewish and different communities' schools existed before Western religious missions (Carmelites, Dominicans, Alliance Israelite Universally). The evolution of the different institutions and their possible links are described here. From French and Iraqi archives, a precise panorama of Iraqi education is established since 1908. We highlight the role of the private schools of the French Catholic and Jewish missions which disseminated French language and culture (secularism) in Iraq (printing, translations, press), with the support of French diplomacy till and after the government of Vichy.Seven portraits of Iraqi intellectuals illustrate the French influence as well as the rehabilitation of the Arabic language. We believe we contribute in this way to a better knowledge of Iraq in the nineteenth century and to revitalize the cultural exchanges between our country and France
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Belbachir, Walid. "L'établissement des chemins de fer dans les Balkans à l'époque ottomane : structuration de l'espace et organisation des échanges (1856-1913)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0449.
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Titre de la Thèse : L'établissement des chemins de fer dans les Balkans à l'époque ottomane : structuration de l'espace et organisation des échanges (1856-1913)Rejoindre l'Orient, voici sans doute l'une des obsessions de l'Occident. Peut-être l'épopée d'Alexandre le Grand a t-elle contribué à construire cet objectif quasi mystique. Quoi qu'il en soit, le XIXe siècle est celui de sa rationalisation. L'invention de la locomotive et celle du navire à vapeur permettent d'amorcer un processus de mise en réseau du monde. Sur les cinq continents, les villages, les villes et les ports s'interconnectent progressivement, engendrant une mondialisation des flux commerciaux et humains. Ce mouvement est orchestré par les grandes puissances européennes, dont le pouvoir est fondé sur la conquête de nouveaux marchés et sur l'importation des matières premières essentielles à leur essor. Londres et Bombay forment alors deux pivots incontournables, permettant de rediriger les flux en circulation à l'échelle trans-continentale. Entre ces deux points, Suez joue le rôle d'interface entre la mer Rouge et la Méditerranée. Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, l'espace balkanique est progressivement intégré à ce système-monde. L'introduction du rail y induit une profonde redéfinition des rapports de force, que ceux-ci soient d'ordre économique, militaire ou politique. A ce titre, la mise en place de voies ferrées dans les Balkans, à l'époque sous domination de l'Empire ottoman, résulte d'une imbrication de stratégies d'influence, s'exprimant à différentes échelles. Cette thèse se propose de les mettre en lumièreReaching the East : this is undoubtedly one of the obsessions of the West. Maybe Alexander the Great's conquests contributed to forge this quasi-mystical aim. Wherever it comes from, the XIXth century is the one of its rationalization. Inventions such as steam locomotive and steamship allow to begin a global networking process. On five continents, villages, cities and ports, are progressively interconnected, generating a globalization of human and trade flows. This movement is orchestrated by the major European powers, whose expansion is based on the conquest of new markets and on the importation of natural resources required for their development. London and Mumbay play at that time a pivotal role, allowing to reroute flows in circulation at the inter-continental scale. Between these two major cities, Suez is an unavoidable crossing point between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. During the second half of the XIXth century, the Balkan space is progressively integrated to this world-system. In that region, the introduction of railway induces a radical restructuring of power relations, whether political, economical or military. For this reason, the establishment of railways in the Balkans results from an interlacing of influencing strategies, articulated at various scales. This thesis sets out to highlight them
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Adadağ, Özgür. "L'évolution de l'idée de révolution dans la pensée ottomane et turque." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0050.
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Cette thèse examine, à partir du concept de révolution, la transformation de la pensée politique ottomane et turque au contact de la pensée occidentale. L'étude de l'idée de révolution dans le contexte ottoman et turc nous conduit à l'analyse de deux événements considérés comme «révolutionnaires» dans l'historiographie turque : la «révolution jeune-turque» de 1908 et la révolution kémaliste de 1923. Nous avons abordé ces deux révolutions dans les rapports avec les courants de pensée positiviste et contre-révolutionnaire, et avec la Révolution française. L'étude s'est tout particulièrement concentrée sur les modes de filtrage ottoman et kémaliste qui permettent d'interpréter et d'adapter ces idées occidentales. Au final, nous pouvons parler d'une interprétation «à l'ottomane» et «à la turque» de l'idée de révolution. Le concept acquiert ainsi une dimension conservatrice dans le contexte ottoman. Les Jeunes Turcs cherchaient à combiner l'ordre et le progrès par le biais de la révolution. Par une «révolution pacifique», ils prétendaient corriger les «défauts» des mouvements révolutionnaires. Dans la période kémaliste, on observe une utilisation polysémique de la notion de révolution. Le terme a trois principales acceptations : la libération, l'indépendance et surtout l'occidentalisation. Mais il recouvre également une série de thèmes tels que la réforme, la formation d'un État-nation, le progrès, l'adaptation aux changements, la conservation des acquis et la transmission aux futures générationsThis dissertation analyses the transformation of Ottoman and Turkish political thought in contact with occidental thought with specific reference to the concept of revolution. The analysis of the idea of revolution in the Ottoman and Turkish contexts leads us to the analysis of two events wich are considered "revolutionary" in the Turkish historiography : the "Young Turk Revolution" of 1908 and Kemalist Revolution of 1923. We analyzed these two revolutions in their relation with positivist and anti-revolutionary currents of thought and the french revolution. The analysis has particularly focused on the Ottoman and Kemalist modes of filtration wich have allowed to interpret and to adapt these occidental ideas. At the end, we may contend that there is a specific Ottoman and Turkish interpretation of the idea of revolution. Thus, the concept acquires a conservative dimension in the Ottoman context. The Young Turks searched for combining the order and the progress through revolution. With a "pacific revolution", they have pretended to correct the "vices" of revolutionary movements. During the Kemalist period, we observe a polysemical use of the notion of revolution. The term has three main connotations : liberation, independence, and especially westernization. Yes, it also refers to a series of themes such as the reforms, the formation of a Nation-State, the progress, the adaptation to changes, the conservation of the acquired and its transmission to the future generations
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Usluer, Fatih. "Le Hourifisme : la doctrine et son influence dans la littérature persane et ottomane." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE5008.
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Le Houroufisme est un mouvement mystique et philosophique établi par Fazlullah (D. 1394) au XIVe siècle en Iran, dont nous pouvons suivre les traces jusqu'au XVIIe siècle en Anatolie et aux Balkans. Après la condamnation de Fazlullah par Tamerlan, les Houroufis et leurs révoltes ont perturbé les pouvoirs comme Sahruh et Cihansah. Ils furent arrêtés et tués. Ces massacres et poursuites les ont contraints à immigrer vers la Roumélie et l'Anatolie. Ainsi, le houroufisme y continua à se répandre et se mélangea avec les courants hetérodoxes. Dans notre, nous avons étudié, du début jusqu'à la fin, quarante manuscrit persan et turque de vingt penseurs et poètes houroufis. Notre travail explique la doctrine houroufi ainsi que son influence dans la littérature persane et ottomane en se basant sur les sources premières. Les Houroufis diffèrent sur bien des points par rapport aux autres Lettristes. Il est cité dans notre thèse les exeples de l'interprétation Houroufi du Coran et des Hadiths qui sont cruciaux pour l'histoire de l'interprétation coranique (Tafsir). Les Houroufis ont également interprété, à travers les lettres, certains passages des Evangiles et de la Torah. Notre travail sera utile pour les recherches concernant la philosophie des lettres, la philosophie de l'unité de l'existence, l'interprétation du Coran. Il facilitera également la compréhension et l'interprétation des poèmes houroufis ainsi des les poèmes mystiques influencés par les HouroufisThe Horufism is mystical and philosophical movement founded by Fazlullah (D. 1394) in XIVth century in Iran. We can follow its traces until the XVIIth century in Antolia and Balkans. After the exucution of Fazlullah by Tamerlan, the Houroufis and their revolts disturbed Saruh and Cihansah. Horufis were arrested and executed. These massacres and pursuits have obliged them to immigrate towards Roumélie and Anatolia. Thus, the Horufism there continued to be spread and mixed with heterodoxes confreries. In this research, we analyzed twenty thinkers' and poets' nearly fourty persian and turkish horufi manuscripts. Our thesis explains the Houroufi doctrines and its influence on the persian and otttoman literature by using the primary sources. The horufis differ from the other lettrists at many points. It is quoted also in our thesis, the exemple of interpretation of Coran and the Hadiths made by the Horufis which are crucial for the hisroty of Koranic interpretation (Tafsir). We quoted also some exemples of interpretation of the Gospels and the Torah which are made through the philosophy of the letters. This study will be useful for research concerning the philosophy of the letters, the unity of existence, and the intepretation of Coran. It will also facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of the Horufi poems as well as the mystical poems influenced by the Horufism
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Mustafayev, Elshan. "Héritage ottoman et politique étrangère de la Turquie sous les gouvernements AKP." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2151.
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Cette thèse met en perspective l’influence qu’exerce l’héritage ottoman sur les relations entre la Turquie et les pays régionaux et insiste sur l’importance de cet aspect dans l’analyse de la politique étrangère turque. Les acteurs politiques à forte référence religieuse ont toujours porté un discours glorifiant le passé ottoman. Ils ont développé une relecture romantique de l’histoire ottomane qui, d’un côté, a toujours été en décalage avec les recherches universitaires et le discours officiel en Turquie, et de l’autre, diamétralement opposée à la rhétorique dominante dans les autres anciens territoires ottomans partagés entre une vingtaine de pays. Ce travail de recherche montre que les gouvernements AKP, qui ont des origines idéologiques remontant à ces acteurs, se sont appuyés essentiellement sur la perception nationaliste et religieuse de l’histoire pour développer un discours de réhabilitation de l’héritage ottoman dans leur politique étrangère depuis 2002This dissertation puts into perspective the influence of the Ottoman heritage on relations between Turkey and regional countries and shows the importance of this aspect in the analysis of Turkish foreign policy. Political actors with strong religious views have always been different from other in the political space due to their discourse glorifying the Ottoman past. They have developed a romantic vision of Ottoman history which, on the one hand, has always been out of academic research and official discourse in Turkey, and on the other, diametrically opposed to the dominant rhetoric in the other ancient Ottoman territories shared between some twenty countries. This research shows that AKP governments, which have ideological origins going back to these actors, have relied primarily on the nationalist and religious perception of history to develop a discourse on the rehabilitation of the Ottoman heritage in their foreign policies since 2002
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Yorulmaz, Naci. "Arms trade in the shadow of personal influence : German style of war business in the Ottoman market (1876-1909)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2908/.
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The main question of this thesis originated from the following observation: during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II (r.1876-1909) - especially after the 1880s - the German armament firms (GAFs) obtained a monopoly position in the Ottoman military market and maintained their position for decades. Based upon this observation the question of this thesis is: How did the Germans manage to get this status and protect it for decades, in particular, in a quite competitive market, where the American, British, and the French firms had been dominant for years? This thesis, which has fundamentally relied on multi-national archival research, does not seek the answer with reference to the ordinary theory of supply and demand but in the realm of the inter-personal relations and the personal influence of some influential personalities/statesmen who somehow intervened themselves into the war business from both sides (i.e. the Ottoman Empire and Germany). In the line with this argument, the principal aim of this thesis is to examine the impact of the non-commercial factors of the arms trade on the GAFs’ successful war business in the Ottoman military market. For that purpose throughout the dissertation the acts and doings of Bismarck; Kaiser Wilhelm II; Von der Goltz Pasha and the other German military advisors who were employed in the Ottoman Army; Sultan Abdülhamid II and the Ottoman bureaucrats/officers will be discussed within the context of their contribution to the German armament firms’ successful war business in the Ottoman market.
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Kaynar, Erdal. "Ahmed Riza (1858-1930) : histoire d'un vieux Jeune Turc." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0129.
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L’étude porte sur le leader jeune-turc Ahmed Rıza (1858-1930). Elle se propose de suivre à travers la vie d’une personne l’histoire intellectuelle et politique de la fin de l’Empire ottoman, avec un accent particulier mis sur le mouvement jeune-turc. L’approche microhistorique permet à voir comment des évolutions intellectuelles et politiques se manifestent et interagissent à l’échelle d’une personne et comment, à travers de cette interaction, s’exprime concrètement l’interprétation politique de la réalité ottomane. L’étude s’arrête aussi sur l’enracinement d’Ahmed Rıza dans le contexte politique, social, idéologique et culturel de la Troisième République. Par cela elle fait ressortir, d’une part, les possibilités d’une existence non-française à Paris et analyse la fonction de Rıza au sein de la société parisienne de la fin de siècle, d’autre part elle suit l’impact de cette expérience sur le parcours de Rıza dressant l’image d’une histoire croisée entre la France et l’Empire ottoman. S’arriêtant sur Rıza comme un des penseurs-clé de son époque, l’étude suit sous quelles conditions socio-historiques se réalise la formation d’une pensée politique moderniste qui vise à replacer l’Empire ottoman dans l’espace-temps unifié du monde du 19e siècle. En même temps, elle insiste sur les incertitudes de cette pensée politique et les tensions constantes qui la définissent, aboutissant à des interprétations souvent contradictoires de l’Empire ottoman et du monde en général. L’étude élabore le contexte global de différentes tendances culturelles, intellectuelles et socio-politiques dans l’Empire ottoman et la France et les inscrit dans une approche critique de la modernitéThe thesis is on the Young Turk leader Ahmed Rıza (1858-1930). Through the life of a single person, the intellectual and political history of late Ottoman Empire with a special emphasis on the Young Turk movement is exemplified. The microhistorical approach aims at illustrating how ideological and political evolutions converged and interacted in one person, and thus, how a political interpretation of Ottoman reality was articulated. At the same time, it places Ahmed Rıza in the social, political, intellectual and cultural context of the French Third Republic. First, I explore the possibilities of a non-French existence in fin-de-siècle Paris in order to highlight Rıza’s role in Parisian society. Second, I underline the importance of this experience for Ahmed Rıza’s life in order to develop an understanding of this connected history between France and the Ottoman Empire. Rıza being one of the most important thinkers of his time, I analyze which socio-historical circumstances contributed to the development of a modernist political thought, which aimed at replacing the Ottoman Empire in the unified space-time of the fin-de-siècle world. At the same time, I stress the uncertainties and tensions of this thought, resulting often in contradictory interpretations of the Ottoman Empire and the world in general. The entire work emphasizes the global context of different cultural, intellectual and sociopolitical trends in the Ottoman Empire and France, and aims at their integration in a critical approach to modernity
Books on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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Poulos, Panagiotis C., and Aspasia Theodosiou. Ottoman intimacies, Balkan musical realities. Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin säätiö, 2013.
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Turkey) Osmanlı'nın Dış Dünyaya Bakışı (1999 Istanbul. Osmanlı'nın Dış Dünyaya Bakışı: 03 Aralık 1999 seminer bildirileri. İstanbul: Sanat Tarihi Derneği, 2003.
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Soldi, Antonio. Al-Fātih: Il viaggio di Gentile Bellini a Costantinopoli. Saonara (PD): Il prato, 2021.
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Reisman, Arnold. Post-Ottoman Turkey: Classical European music & opera. [Charleston, S.C: BookSurge Publishing], 2008.
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Reisman, Arnold. Post-Ottoman Turkey: Classical European music & opera. [Charleston, S.C: BookSurge Publishing], 2008.
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Museum für Kunsthandwerk Frankfurt am Main. and Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Dezernat Kultur und Freizeit., eds. Türkische Kunst und Kultur aus osmanischer Zeit. Recklinghausen: A. Bongers, 1985.
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Lory, Bernard. Le sort de l'héritage ottoman en Bulgarie: L'exemple des villes bulgares, 1878-1900. Istanbul: Editions Isis, 1985.
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Concina, Ennio. Il doge e il sultano: Mercatura, arte e relazioni nel primo '500. Roma: Logart Press, 1994.
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Sulejmanović, Ševko. Zvornik u osmansko doba. Sarajevo: El-Kalem, 2021.
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Cahen, Claude. L' islam, des origines au début de l'Empire Ottoman. [Paris]: Hachette, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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Hóvári, János. "Hungarian Military Influences in the Late Ottoman Empire." In The Routledge Handbook of the Crimean War, 236–44. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265983-19.
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Öztürk, Sare Rabia. "Chapter 5. From intersection to interculture." In Translation Flows, 87–103. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.163.05ozt.
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The present chapter explores some of the pre-Ottoman cultural dynamics in the Middle East that led to the meeting of Turkish, Arabic and Persian as densely intercrossing languages in the formation of the classical Ottoman cultural sphere. It aims to chart the movement of people, knowledge, customs, practices and centers of power across the Middle East in a historical survey that will offer a networked flow of such movements and highlight the place of translation in the process. It roughly covers the period from the 5th century to the 14th century, which is about a hundred years into the start of the Ottoman empire in the region. The central premise is that the historical flows between the three cultures associated with Arabic, Persian and Turkish led to the classical Ottoman setting of interculture (Paker 2002), whereby Ottoman translators engaged with Persian and Arabic as both source languages and language components of an Ottoman epistemic discourse. It highlights the degree to which cultural input can be influenced by intercultural transfers in several domains such as science, literature, bureaucracy, education and religion.
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Berry, Robert A. "Polish Diplomatic Activities in the Ottoman Empire, 1832–48: The Influence of the Hotel Lambert on Ottoman Policy." In Eastern Europe and the West, 26–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22299-5_2.
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Diebold, William J. "The Anxiety of Influence in Early Medieval Art: theCodex aureusof Charles the Bald in Ottonian Regensburg." In Under the Influence. The Concept of Influence and the Study of Illuminated Manuscripts, 51–64. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rcim-eb.3.922.
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Wright, O. "UNDER THE INFLUENCE? PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS ON ARAB MUSIC DURING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD." In The Balance of Truth, edited by Çigdem Balim-Harding and Colin Imber, 407–30. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463231576-030.
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Doxiadis, Evdoxios. "The Influence of Islamic Law on Greek Orthodox Divorce under Ottoman Rule." In Gender and Divorce in Europe: 1600 – 1900, 177–94. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003334552-14.
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Papastathis, Konstantinos. "Diaspora-Building and Cultural Diplomacy: The Greek Community of Jerusalem in Late Ottoman Times and the Mandate." In European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948, 255–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55540-5_13.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the history of the Greek diasporic community of Jerusalem in late Ottoman times and the formative years of the British Mandate. It focuses on the creation of the Greek Colony and its central community institution, the so-called Greek Club, as well as the role of Greek cultural diplomacy both with the Greek community and with Arabs of the Greek Orthodox denomination, in its development. It addresses the establishment and development of the Jerusalem Greek diaspora; its relation to the Greek state; and its links to the Orthodox Patriarchate. Overall, the chapter suggests that Greece could influence, but not control, the decision-making process within the community. The Greek diaspora was excluded from systematic influence in Church administration, lacking power over communal education, and hence politically dependent on the Church.
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"Ottoman influences on European music." In Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 10 Ottoman and Safavid Empires (1600-1700), 43–51. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004346048_005.
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Benli, Gülhan, and Aysun Ferrah Güner. "Two Unique Protected Sites with a Modern Heritage in Historical Peninsula in Istanbul." In Cultural Influences on Architecture, 130–56. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1744-3.ch005.
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Suleymaniye and Zeyrek areas in the Historical Peninsula containing a combination of the architectural works of different religions, different cultures and communities are two districts which were entitled to be included in UNESCO world heritage list from Istanbul in 1985. Traditional architectural texture in Zeyrek and Suleymaniye among some unique districts of Istanbul, which brings neighborhood-centered lifestyle of Ottoman period in the past to the present, basically consists of wooden houses. Diverging process has affected on these two unique residential areas having their own hierarchical and political characteristics by planned development activities in time and it was forced to sacrifice many works belonging to Ottoman period within the borders. Another modern building obtained as a result of the competition in the Republican Period practically undertakes the task of combining these two estranged areas. Characteristics of the said two protected areas, diverging process and modern heritage acting as a buffer shall be examined in this study.
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"Ottoman influences on European music, part 2." In Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 14 Central and Eastern Europe (1700-1800), 56–65. BRILL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004423176_005.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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RUSU, Eduard. "Alla Turca, the Origin of the main Percussion Instruments in Symphony Orchestras and the Romanian Principalities." In The International Conference of Doctoral Schools “George Enescu” National University of Arts Iaşi, Romania. Artes Publishing House UNAGE Iasi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35218/icds-2023-0003.
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Alla turca, percussion instruments of a symphony orchestra and the Romanian Principalities are, at first glance, a strange and inappropriate combination of words. Yet, if one goes deeper into the subject, one may easily find a silver thread running through them all, which facilitates the understanding of these combinations of words and especially the reason for their combination. In this case, the culture of mobility is extremely visible and interesting. Alla turca was a cultural phenomenon specific to Western Europe since the 17th century, which was due to the interest shown by Europeans in the oriental culture gradually brought to Europe by the Ottomans. The increasingly powerful Ottoman Empire, its incursions towards the West and frequent military, diplomatic and cultural contacts piqued the Europeans’ interest in the exoticism of the new world with which they came in contact, music being one of the main areas of influence. This is due to Ottoman military music (mehterhane), consisting mainly of percussion musical instruments, which produced extremely loud music accompanying the Ottoman armies on the battlefield and supporting the efforts of the soldiers through its marches. At the same time, the effect of this music on their opponents was the complete opposite, as they were not used to such sonorities and were easily intimidated by it. The effectiveness of Ottoman military music proven on the battlefield and its physical appearance impressed the European monarchs who tried to imitate it in various forms and by various methods and implement it both in their armies and in their ceremonial music, as a symbol of political power, since the mehterhane was also a powerful political symbol in the Ottoman Empire. Starting from here, various European composers, the most important being Mozart, were also influenced by the exotic features of this music and by its novelty and used it in their own creations, at first playing it using Western musical instruments and then gradually adopting in the orchestra instruments specific to mehterhane, the so-called “Turkish drums”, thus developing the symphony orchestra to the form in which it is present today. As far as the Romanian Principalities are concerned, their connection with the elements mentioned above consists precisely in the fact that their geo-political location allowed the contact between the West and the East and the occurrence of alla turca influences, since the mehterhane had been present in the Romanian Principalities since the 15th century and foreign Western travellers crossing these regions listened to it and described it in their memoirs, making it known to the West, its most important promoter being Franz Joseph Sulzer.
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Slíz, Mariann. "Cultural, social and political influences on the frequency of saints’ names." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/25.
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The paper outlines some phenomena that may influence the popularity of saints’ names in Christian societies. The diachronic overview focuses on the Hungarian given name stock and its changes and alternations in time, space and society. The multidisciplinary approach is mainly based on historical and onomastic literature and large databases of given names from the Middle Ages to modern days. Among the religious factors, the study presents the impact of religious taboos, the interference between cults of saints of the same name, and the collective veneration of saints. Political factors are also introduced: the effects of the Reformation, Catholic Revival, and wars against the Ottoman Empire in the 16th–18th centuries.
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Constantinov, Valentin. "Political-military cooperation projects and their realization north of the Danube (1444-1456)." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.12.
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The political advance of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans was certainly a great challenge for the Christian powers of Europe. It was the first time that Christendom was basically on the defensive in front of a military colossus that announced its supremacy in the Balkans, but also on the entire old continent. It was at that time that the unparalleled personality of Iancu de Hunedoara emerged north of the Danube. Through energetic actions he tried to impose his will north of the Danube. However, the creation of a confederation under his leadership that would actively participate in anti-Ottoman military operations came up against, on the one hand, the political choices of the extra-Carpathian Romanian countries and, on the other, the intentions of the Polish royalty to maintain their influence in Moldavia. This was one of the main causes of the crisis in Moldavia before Stephen the Great took the throne.
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Özgün, Tevfik Orçun, and Onur Koçak. "Turkey-Macedonia Relations from Cultural and Historical Perspective." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00975.
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Balkans can be defined as a region which had been under different cultures’ and civilizations’ reign, and experienced different nations, religions and cultures. It is likely possible to see the effects of these multicultural and multinational structure on international politics and economy. In that sense, Macedonia is inevitably placed in an important point for Balkan and Ottoman history, and even for international politics. It is very possible to see Turkish influence on Macedonia, which -ruled by Ottoman for 542 years- has gained its independence, as a result of disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1991.When we take a look at condensing political and economic relations between Macedonia and Turkey, the effect of shared cultural and historical heritage on regional and wide economic development and cooperation can be seen with no huge effort. From that point of view, Ottoman Empire’s historical, sociological and cultural effect on sustainable and improvable economic relations are a topic of discussion. If we focus on the changing balance in Europe, resulted by disintegration of Yugoslavia, and developing approaches towards Macedonia, Turkey’s relations with Greece and other regional countries become very important, which are still being operated in terms of development and sustaining. In this study, Turkey’s attitude in recognition of Macedonia, and structure of Turkic population in Macedonia will be inspected and from Macedonia perspective, international politics and economic cooperation will be examined with historical, political and cultural emphasis.
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Benselama-Messikh, Safia. "Architecture militaire et typologies défensives d’Alger entre le XVIème et le XIXème siècle." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11467.
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Military architecture and defensive typologies of Algiers between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuriesIn the Ottoman regency, the fortifications of Algiers evolve according to the politico-economic growth experienced by the city partly thanks to the development of the maritime piracy and the lusts it entails. Its stranglehold on the sea, arouses many projects of punitive expeditions. The construction of fortifications is then the major concern of its new leaders who between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, fortify the city, its bay and the hinterland. These efforts develop over the three centuries of the Ottoman regency, a singular military architecture for the city of Algiers. The sixteenth century sees, a medieval reminiscence with the first fortifications, then, with the presence of Christians, a western influence the seventeenth century and the arrival of the Moriscos, brings a second breath to this defensive typology which is defined as a local style between domestic and military architecture. The question is: why Algiers has developed a particular defensive typology while the modernization of the artillery had led to an internationalization of the defensive system.
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Khizriyev, A. Kh. "The Creation of the United Saudi State in the Context of International Relations in the 1920s-1930s." In IV Международный научный форум "Наследие". SB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-6049863-7-0-66-71.
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The article studies the most crucial period in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) – the emergence of the third Saudi state. This event was one of the immediate results of World War I since the winners – Great Britain and France – redrawn the Middle East map after the Ottoman Empire's dissolution. Its founder, Abdel-Aziz ibn Saud, played a vital role in creating the Saudi state. His personal leadership and diplomatic qualities influenced the success of restoring the Saudi state in the Arabian Peninsula. Nevertheless, the great powers were the main actors in this event and used it to create a political balance in the Middle East and gain their goals and interests in the region. Despite their prominent role in this process, they failed to obtain any significant benefits since the emergence of the Saudi state, and the policy of King Abdel-Aziz opened the door for the infiltration of American oil companies into the Middle East. Competing with British companies, they succeeded and eventually strengthened the political and economic influence of the USA in the Arab world.
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Mischevca, Vlad. "Phanariot diplomacy (1711-1821)." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.18.
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The Phanariot princes, as in the previous era of autochthonous reigns, had diplomatic agents at the Sublime Porte (Capukehai) and benefited from the same ceremonial forms. Thus, throughout the period of the Phanariot reigns (1711-1821), the Romanian Principalities, through their diplomatic agents from Constantinople, who performed the function of representatives of the voivode with diplomatic envoy status, accredited by the Ottoman authorities (Grand vizier), affirmed their status autonomous within the Ottoman Empire. The increase in the importance of the Capukechais during the Phanariot reigns was manifested by the increase in their number, their influence in the Principality and their importance in the diplomatic world of Constantinople. To obtain the desired status, that of voivode (hospodar) or dragoman and to be able to keep it for as long as possible, the Phanariot families had to wage a permanent struggle, by all means to annihilate their opponents, Phanariot’s like themselves. During this period, the history of the foreign policy of Moldova and Wallachia is, in fact, the history of the ties and political relations between the families of the Phanariot princes and the Great European Powers - relationships, which were often hidden, being much more complex and with multivalent implications in the politics of the era than believed.
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Василев, Цветан. "Кирило-Методиевото дело и християнското минало на българите през погледа на Петър Богдан и полемичното богословие от епохата на Контрареформацията." In Кирило-методиевски места на паметта в българската култура. Кирило-Методиевски научен център, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59076/5808.2023.05.
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THE ANTIQUITY OF THE FATHERLAND AND THE DEEDS OF THE BULGARIANS BY PETAR BOGDAN AND THE POLEMICAL THEOLOGY OF THE COUNTER-REFORMATION (Summary) The topic of the Christian past of the Bulgarians, their conversion and the controversies in connection with the acceptance of Christianity from Constantinople or Rome, including the work of the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius, form one of the ideological highlights in Petar Bogdan’s treatise The Antiquity of the Fatherland and the Deeds of the Bulgarians. The author of the first historical treatise in our new history interprets these events from the perspective of a senior Catholic prelate, in unison with key works of Catholic scholarship of the era in the realm of polemical theology. The study tries to shed light on exemplary Catholic writings followed by Petar Bogdan, such as the Care for the Salvation of All Nations by Thomas de Jesus of Baesa, or Roberto Bellarmino and his famous Disputations on the Controversies of the Christian Faith, which on the one hand influence on the genre of P. Bogdan’s work itself, on the other hand, could provide additional valuable information on the above issues. In this sense, Petar Bogdan’s treatise should be considered not an isolated case in the Bulgarian historiography from the Ottoman period, but could be placed in the frame of Catholic science from the period of Counter-Reformation.
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Bilić, Darka, and Krasanka Majer Jurišić. "Fort Oštro and the first defensive line at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor - 19th century Austro-Hungarian military architecture." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17945.
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The Austro-Hungarian monarchy in the middle of the 19th century not only strengthened its defensive line toward the Ottoman territories in the hinterland of the Bay of Kotor, but also constructed a network of shoreline defences to safeguard its newly acquired territories from naval attacks. As part of the same initiative, the sea entrance to the Bay of Kotor, strategically very important part of the Adriatic coast at the time, was also fortified. Three forts were built as the first defensive line, one on the cape Ostro, one on the islet Žanjica, called Mamula, and the third one on the Cape Arza. Their bases were stone-built casemates with flanking guns and open mercer batteries placed on platforms. Unfortunately, they became obsolete very quickly because they could not meet modern defensive requirements. Given that they were very visible and therefore an easy target for increasingly sophisticated naval weapons, a number of minor and major adjustments were made over time that resulted in changes and adjustments to the building structure. With the end of the importance and political influence of Austria-Hungary, the fortification systems it built lost their value and deteriorated over time. Today, they not only reflect an important historical and political moment, the way of warfare and defence at that time, but also the monarchy's need for the appearance of forts to be a combination of certain architectural taste and military needs.
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Buka, Iden, and Marsela Plyku Demaj. "Revisiting Durrës, A Critical analysis on the existence of Durrës Historic Centre." In International Conference of Tirana Planning Week. POLIS University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000704.
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Durrës, a seacoast city with an uninterrupted urban life and a history spanning several millennia, has seen the influence of numerous civilizations, from the Illyrians, Greeks and Romans to the Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans, embodying and displaying a rich inventory of archaeological, cultural and architectural heritage. Its consistent strategic importance has continuously attracted urban development often negatively impacting layers of history and unfortunately erasing in many cases significant tangible archaeological and architectural testimonies from different periods. It is worth noting that the historic layers of 20th century including neoclassical, premodern and communist architecture is one of the layers that is mostly unstudied and generally underrated. Triggered by the fact that the underground of Durrës was one of the three first Albanian urban ensembles designated as “Museum City” since 1961 and that there was a specific regulation drawn for the protection of the historic centre since 1986, the question remains: what constitutes now the historic centre of Durrës? In attempting to respond to this question, this paper examines the city’s morphological evolution in both urban and architectural scale, aiming to define what can now be defined as the historic core of the city. The study adopts the Historic Urban Landscape approach, promoting a holistic understanding of the heritage urban layers and their significance.
Reports on the topic "Ottoman influences"
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Vuksanović, Vuk. Between Emotions and Realism: Two Faces of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Balkans. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/wzvw6831.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey’s more assertive posture towards the Balkans is neglected compared to the commentariat that deals with Russia and China. To fill this policy gap, the research team of the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy (BCSP) has conducted research based on the analysis of secondary source material and, even more importantly, on fieldwork interviews that involved 16 sources, academics and think tank researchers based in Istanbul and Ankara. Although the consulted sources have different backgrounds and political sympathies, the research established a presence of common themes. Namely, Turkish foreign policy in the Balkans has two aspects. The first is based on emotions, where Turkish foreign policy towards the region is framed by Turkey’s special ties with the region based on shared history, social connections, identity factors and the legacy of the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan country that is most frequently mentioned in the context of special ties with Turkey is Bosnia and Herzegovina, in light of socio-cultural ties and the fact that it is a country in which the Ottoman legacy is felt most strongly. The second approach is rooted in traditional foreign policy realism derived from an objective and calculated assessment of the regional balance of power and one’s own interests. Within this approach, Turkey is trying, for security and strategic reasons, to act pragmatically and be effective in the Balkans without entangling itself in crises that could impede its regional influence. This approach leads Turkey towards engaging Serbia, the region’s strategically consequential country, because Ankara is deeply convinced that if it wishes to be effective in the Balkans, it needs to have a partnership with Belgrade. In doing so, it must strike a balance between emotions and realism. It needs to walk the fine line between nurturing ties with communities with which it has cultural and religious ties, like Bosniaks and Albanians, while avoiding alienating countries whose partnership Ankara needs to be able to succeed in the Balkans, such as Serbia.