Journal articles on the topic 'Other-related conscientiousness'
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Yi, Liu, Qiqi Zhou, Tan Xiao, Ge Qing, and Igor Mayer. "Conscientiousness in Game-Based Learning." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 5 (June 9, 2020): 712–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878120927061.
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Background. An increasing number of studies support a mediating influence of personality on video-game preferences and player experiences, and in particular, traits associated with playfulness, such as extraversion. Educational institutions, however, tend to reward serious personality traits, such as conscientiousness. Aim.To discern how students respond to Game-Based Learning (GBL) in the classroom, and to understand if and how conscientiousness mediates GBL, we performed a field study at a leading university of technology in northeast China. Method. In May 2019, 60 bachelor and executive students in public-administration studies consecutively played two digital serious games, TEAMUP (multiplayer) and DEMOCRACY3 (single player). Data accrued through surveys with pregame measurements of personality (conscientiousness), mediating factors (motivation, player experience), learning effectiveness (cognitive and non-cognitive learning), and GBL acceptance. Results. Analysis showed a strong overall learning effect for both games. Conscientiousness significantly related to cognitive learning in both games and noncognitive learning in the multiplayer game only. Conscientiousness also significantly related to player experiences in the multiplayer game. Furthermore, the conscientiousness facet of perfectionism was a dominant factor in player experience and learning. We discuss the findings in light of several aspects around GBL that require more attention and research, especially that, alongside other factors, conscientiousness may be an important dimension to consider in the design and implementation of GBL in education, and GBL can have a positive role in the modernization of education in non-Western countries.
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Derryberry, Douglas, and Marjorie A. Reed. "Dopaminergic influences beyond extraversion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99252041.
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Studies of human performance indicate that extraverts show enhanced motivation in relation to reward signals, but not in relation to safety signals under defensive conditions. When it occurs under defensive conditions, enhanced motivation may be related to neuroticism. While extraverts show some attentional skills consistent with frontal dopaminergic facilitation, other frontal capacities may be related to conscientiousness. These findings suggest that dopaminergic influences on response and attentional processes may contribute to additional personality dimensions such as neuroticism and conscientiousness.
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Karademas, Evangelos C., and Ioannis Tsaousis. "Adaptation to Illness in Couples Dealing With a Cardiovascular Disease." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 22, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000128.
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The aim of this study was to examine the dyadic effects of three patient and spouse personality traits (i. e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) on couples’ adaptation to illness. Two important illness cognitions were used as indicators of adaptation to illness–namely, illness-related acceptance and helplessness. Seventy-five patients with a chronic cardiovascular disease and their spouses participated in the study. The dyadic effects of personality traits, as well as the interaction effects between patient and spouse traits were examined with the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM). Several actor effects (i. e., the effects of a person’s own characteristics on their own outcomes) were noted. Also, certain partner effects (i. e., the effects of the characteristics of the one member of the couple on the other member’s outcomes) were found. After controlling for actor effects, patients’ helplessness was related to their spouses’ extraversion, spouses’ illness acceptance was related to patients’ conscientiousness, and spouses’ helplessness was related to patients’ neuroticism. In addition, patients’ conscientiousness was found to moderate the effects of spouses’ conscientiousness on their own acceptance. These findings seem to challenge the traditional perspective according to which personality refers to intrapersonal processes, and call for a theoretical refocus on the interpersonal/social role of personality traits as far as adaptation to illness is concerned.
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Collins-Rancourt, M. A., J. Roy, P. Gaudreault, R. Godin, and G. Forest. "0202 Chronotype Moderates the Relationship Between Personality and Academic Performance in Young Athletes." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.200.
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Abstract Introduction Recent studies have shown that chronotype is associated with personality in adolescents. Other studies suggest that athletes are more conscientious, and that this personality trait is associated with higher academic performance among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality, chronotype and academic performance in young athletes. Methods 27 young athletes and 13 young non-athletes (13-16y) completed the Horne & Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the NEO-PI-3. Grades were taken from their final report at the end of the school year (Mgrades=year-mean performance on the two main school subjects). First, T-tests were conducted to compare both groups on personality traits. Then, a moderation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro V3.4 to examine the moderation effect of the chronotype on the relationship between conscientiousness and Mgrades. Results Results show that young athletes are significantly more conscientious (M=4748±11,67) than non-athletes (M=38,31±9,59) (t(38)=2,46,p=.019). Conscientiousness and chronotype were entered in a regression analysis to predict Mgrades. The addition of the interaction term between chronotype and conscientiousness, to the regression analysis, explained a significant increase in variance in Mgrades (ΔR2=.34, F(1,23)=19.38, p<.001). Therefore, when the score is inferior to 57.75 at the MEQ (toward evening type), conscientiousness and Mgrades are significantly related (β=0.28, t(23)=2.07, p=0.05). Conclusion These results show that the chronotype moderates the relationship between conscientiousness and academic performance in young athletes. Specifically, in more evening types, higher level of conscientiousness is associated with higher grades and lower level of conscientiousness is associated with lower grades. On the other hand, for more morning types, the level of conscientiousness is not associated with grades. These results suggest that conscientiousness may be a protective factor against the impacts of adolescence sleep changes and disturbances, on academic performance. Support -
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Bastian, Kevin C., David M. McCord, Julie T. Marks, and Dale Carpenter. "A Temperament for Teaching? Associations Between Personality Traits and Beginning Teacher Performance and Retention." AERA Open 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 233285841668476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858416684764.
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The “greening” (i.e., inexperience) of the U.S. teacher workforce puts a premium on districts and schools hiring effective and persistent beginning teachers. Given the limitations of characteristics currently available at the time of hiring (e.g., academic ability, preparation type), we built off previous research in economics and psychology to investigate associations between personality traits and first-year teachers’ performance and retention in North Carolina public schools. Using the 5-factor model of personality, we find that conscientiousness is significantly associated with higher value-added estimates, higher evaluation ratings, and higher retention rates. Additionally, general self-efficacy, a subdomain of conscientiousness, is significantly associated with teacher value added and evaluation ratings. These conscientiousness results are consistent with a rich body of evidence connecting conscientiousness-related measures to employee performance and retention across professions, and they suggest that districts and schools should consider using personality trait measures, along with other valid indicators, as a way to improve teacher hiring decisions.
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Ko, Yong Jae, Yonghwan Chang, Wonseok Jang, Michael Sagas, and John Otto Spengler. "A Hierarchical Approach for Predicting Sport Consumption Behavior: A Personality and Needs Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 31, no. 3 (May 2017): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2015-0142.
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The present study was conducted to explore the influence of personality and needs of sport consumers on their sport consumption behavior. The proposed hierarchical model of sport consumption hypothesizes that individuals’ personality, need traits, and involvement interact through hierarchical stages and ultimately influence sport participation and spectatorship. The results of the structural model test using 471 sport consumers indicate that conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion were positively related to achievement need, whereas extraversion and neuroticism were significantly related to affiliation need. Conscientiousness was found to be positively related to arousal need. Needs for arousal and affiliation were significantly related to sport spectatorship involvement, whereas need for affiliation was related to sport participation involvement. Interestingly, sport spectating and participation are significantly related to each other in both involvement and behavioral intention levels. The results can offer valuable insights in understanding sport consumption behavior and developing effective segmentation strategies.
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Buecker, Susanne, Marlies Maes, Jaap J. A. Denissen, and Maike Luhmann. "Loneliness and the Big Five Personality Traits: A Meta–Analysis." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 1 (January 2020): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2229.
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This preregistered meta–analysis ( k = 113, total n = 93 668) addressed how the Big Five dimensions of personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) are related to loneliness. Robust variance estimation accounting for the dependency of effect sizes was used to compute meta–analytic bivariate correlations between loneliness and personality. Extraversion ( r = −.370), agreeableness ( r = −.243), conscientiousness ( r = −.202), and openness ( r = −.107) were negatively related to loneliness. Neuroticism ( r = .358) was positively related to loneliness. These associations differed meaningfully in strength depending on how loneliness was assessed. Additionally, meta–analytic structural equation modelling was used to investigate the unique association between each personality trait and loneliness while controlling for the other four personality traits. All personality traits except openness remained statistically significantly associated with loneliness when controlling for the other personality traits. Our results show the importance of stable personality factors in explaining individual differences in loneliness. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Seviniş, Seda, and Mehmet Bilgin. "The relationship between adult’s social network use and five factors personality traitsYetişkinlerde sosyal ağ kullanımının beş faktör kişilik özellikleriyle ilişkisi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4748.
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The aim of the research, is to examine the relationship between adult’s five factor personality features by use of Social Media. As for sample, there are 1252 woman and 1248 man student’s parents and they are between the ages of 30-51 and over the age of 51. Adult’s data participating in the study, are determined by Big Five Factor Personality Traits Scale. According to the social media using time, there was no significant difference between extraversion. On the other hand, there is a significant differences between agreeableness, openness subscales, conscientiousness and neuroticism. In association with five personality traits of social media purpose, it was found that there are significant differences with different personality traits for each purpose. Adult’s use of social media, the purpose of “Make new friends” is related to openness subscales and extraversion personality traits. “Chat line”, “To share photos”, “Sharing a video”, “Sharing News”, “To check what your friends are doing”, “To communicate with familiar” and “Spend their free time” are related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness subscales and extraversion personality traits. “Make a comments” is related to agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits. “To obtain information” and “Playing a game” are related to agreeableness, openness subscales, conscientiousness and extraversion personality traits.In association with five personality traits it was found that there are significant differences with different personality traits for each purpose in the aim of social media accounts used. “Facebook”, “Skype”, “Whatsapp” and “Twitter” are related to agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits. “Google +”, “Vine”, “Blogspot”, “Tumblr” and “Pinterest” are related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness subscales and extraversion personality traits.“Youtube” ve “Swarm” are related to agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism personality traits. “Instagram” is related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness subscales and extraversion personality traits.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, yetişkinlerin sosyal ağ kullanımlarının beş faktör kişilik özellikleriyle ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi 30 yaş üzeri yaş aralığındaki 1252 kadın, 1248 erkek olmak üzere toplam 2500 kişidir. Araştırmaya katılan yetişkinlerin, kişilik özelliklerine ilişkin verileri toplamak için Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sosyal ağ kullanım süresi ile dışadönüklük alt boyutu arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken; yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim, nevrotizm ve gelişime açıklık alt boyutları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Sosyal ağları kullanım amaçlarının beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisinde her bir kullanım amacına göre farklı kişilik özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu bulunmuştur. Yetişkinlerin sosyal medya kullanımında “Yeni arkadaşlar edinmek” amacına göre gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük, “Çevrimiçi sohbet etmek”, “Fotoğraf paylaşmak”, “Video paylaşmak”, “Haber paylaşmak”, “Arkadaşlarının ne yaptığını kontrol etmek”, “Tanıdıklarıyla iletişim kurmak” ve “Boş zamanlarını geçirmek” amaçlarına göre yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim, nevrotizm, gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük, “Yorum yapmak” amacına göre yumuşakbaşlılık ve özdenetim, “Bilgi edinmek” ve “Oyun oynamak” amaçlarına göre yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim, gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük kişilik özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Kullanılan sosyal medya hesaplarının beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisinde her bir sosyal medya hesabı için farklı kişilik özellikleri ile anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu bulunmuştur. Yetişkinlerin sosyal medya kullanımında “Yeni arkadaşlar edinmek” amacına göre gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük, “Çevrimiçi sohbet etmek”, “Fotoğraf paylaşmak”, “Video paylaşmak”, “Haber paylaşmak”, “Arkadaşlarının ne yaptığını kontrol etmek”, “Tanıdıklarıyla iletişim kurmak” ve “Boş zamanlarını geçirmek” amaçlarına göre yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim, nevrotizm, gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük, “Yorum yapmak” amacına göre yumuşakbaşlılık ve özdenetim, “Bilgi edinmek” ve “Oyun oynamak” amaçlarına göre yumuşakbaşlılık, özdenetim, gelişime açıklık ve dışadönüklük kişilik özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.
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Yun, Stacy, Lisa Stone, Evan Furr, and Molly Maxfield. "Associations Between the Five Factor Model of Personality and Dementia-Related Anxiety." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1242.
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Abstract The Five Factor Model (FFM) of normative personality is predictive of long-term outcomes, including well-being and anxiety. For example, people with anxiety disorders often report high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness (Kotov et al., 2010). Dementia-related anxiety (DRA) is concern about developing dementia that can occur in individuals of any age and cognitive status (Kessler et al., 2012). This study assessed associations between the FFM and DRA and the extent to which other factors, such as demographics and variables related to DRA (i.e., external locus of control and lacking knowledge of dementia), contributed to relationships. Participants (N = 664; aged 18 to 81; M = 30.24) completed measures of the FFM, DRA, locus of control, and dementia knowledge. Hierarchical regression (block 1: basic demographics, block 2: DRA-related variables, and block 3: FFM) was computed. The set of predictors explained 17.9% of the variance in DRA, F(14, 623) = 9.69, p < 001. Being older, partnered, low on Conscientiousness and Openness, and having greater external locus of control and less dementia knowledge predicted higher DRA (p-values < .05). Surprisingly, Neuroticism was not predictive of DRA after controlling for demographic and DRA-related factors, indicating that the trait-like tendency towards emotional instability does not explain DRA. Longitudinal research can explore the course of relationships among Conscientiousness, Openness, and DRA over time to further examine significant effects of age, as expressions of personality change across the lifespan. Research targeting potentially modifiable factors (i.e., dementia knowledge) could help identify methods of reducing DRA.
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Duschek, Stefan, Angela Bair, Sarah Haux, Alba Garrido, and Amelie Janka. "Stress in paramedics: relationships with coping strategies and personality traits." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 2 (March 8, 2020): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-06-2019-0029.
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PurposeThough working in the ambulance service implies persistent confrontation with human suffering and exposure to significant work-related stressors, previous research revealed comparatively low self-reported stress in paramedics. This study investigated stress, personality traits, sensation seeking and resilience in paramedics. Moreover, the impact of psychological variables on individual differences in paramedics' stress burden was explored.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sample of 395 paramedics and 397 professionals from other disciplines completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Stress Coping Style Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory, Sensation Seeking Scale and Resilience Scale. Multivariate group comparison and regression analysis were performed.FindingsCompared to other professionals, paramedics reported lower stress burden, more positive and less negative coping strategies, lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, adventure seeking and resilience. In the regression analysis conducted on paramedics, positive coping, resilience, extraversion and conscientiousness negatively predicted perceived stress; negative coping and neuroticism were positive predictors.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design of the study limits the interpretability of the data.Practical implicationsTraining in stress management and resilience should be core elements in the education of paramedics.Originality/valueThe findings confirm the notion of reduced stress burden and increased resilience in paramedics. Regarding personality traits, a pattern of emotional stability, conscientiousness, extraversion, prosocial attitudes and propensity to exciting experiences might characterize this group. Moreover, the use of adaptive coping strategies, high levels of resilience, extraversion and conscientiousness and low neuroticism are associated with lower stress burden in paramedics.
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Bordia, Prashant, Simon Lloyd D. Restubog, Sarbari Bordia, and Robert L. Tang. "Effects of Resource Availability on Social Exchange Relationships: The Case of Employee Psychological Contract Obligations." Journal of Management 43, no. 5 (October 30, 2014): 1447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206314556317.
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Applications of social exchange theory in organizational research have tended to ignore the resource context and its impact on a focal dyadic social exchange. Integrating insights from the social exchange theory and the conservation of resources theory, we examine the role of resource availability in the social exchange of resources. The type of social exchange we focus on is the psychological contract. Specifically, we examine the antecedents and consequence of breach of employee obligations to an employer. We test our predictions using multisource data obtained from employees over three measurement periods in Sample 1 and matched triads (employee, supervisor, and coworker) in Sample 2. We found that family–work conflict (FWC) and breach of employer obligations are positively, while conscientiousness is negatively, related to employees’ perceptions of breach of their obligations. Conscientiousness moderated the FWC–breach relationship: Employees low on conscientiousness have a stronger positive relationship between FWC and breach of employee obligations. Breach of employee obligations is, in turn, negatively related to employee career progression (a job promotion over the following year in Sample 1 and supervisor-rated promotability in Sample 2). Findings highlight the interconnected nature of demands, resources, and obligations and that dyadic social exchange obligations should be examined in the context of other demands.
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Roy, Shumita, Carolyn E. Schwartz, Paul Duberstein, Michael G. Dwyer, Robert Zivadinov, Niels Bergsland, Victoria Powell, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, and Ralph H. B. Benedict. "Synergistic Effects of Reserve and Adaptive Personality in Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2016): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716000333.
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AbstractObjectives: Cognitive reserve moderates the effects of gray matter (GM) atrophy on cognitive function in neurological disease. Broadly speaking, Reserve explains how persons maintain function in the face of cerebral injury in cognitive and other functional domains (e.g., physical, social). Personality, as operationalized by the Five Factor Model (FFM), is also implicated as a moderator of this relationship. It is conceivable that these protective mechanisms are related. Prior studies suggest links between Reserve and personality, but the degree to which these constructs overlap and buffer the clinical effects of neuropathology is unclear. Methods: We evaluated Reserve and FFM traits—Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness—in a cohort of 67 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We also examined the extent to which FFM traits and aspects of Reserve interact in predicting cognitive processing speed. Results: Retrospectively reported educational/occupational achievement was associated with higher Openness, and childhood social engagement was associated with higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Current involvement in exercise activities and social activities was associated with Extraversion, current involvement in hobbies was associated with Neuroticism, and current receptive behaviors were associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. When tested as predictors, Conscientiousness and childhood enrichment activities interacted in predicting cognitive processing speed after accounting for age, disease duration, disability, and GM volume. Conclusions: Childhood enrichment activities and Conscientiousness have a synergistic effect on cognitive processing speed. Current findings have implications for using psychological interventions to foster both Reserve and adaptive personality characteristics to stave off clinical symptoms in MS. (JINS, 2016, 22, 920–927)
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Soumyaja, Devi, and T. J. Kamalanabhan. "A Study on Executives’ Self–Other Rater Agreement on HEXACO Personality and OCB." Management and Labour Studies 47, no. 3 (July 19, 2022): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x221082835.
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We tested the level of agreement between the self and other ratings for honesty–humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience (HEXACO-PI [R]) in a sample of 100 managerial executives from India, along with their co-employees. It is our endeavour to understand whether the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and personality, measured through HEXACO, varies across the personality-rating source. Using a survey method comprising a 21-item questionnaire, we noted that all the six HEXACO dimensions had high and significant self–other agreement. Interestingly, the highest correlation was observed for conscientiousness, while the lowest correlation was for openness to experience. However, the relationship between HEXACO and OCB differed across different rating sources. Further, HEXACO, as rated by co-workers, did seem to have a better explanatory power than self-rated HEXACO, in predicting OCB. Importantly, the observed relationships between self and co-worker-related personality and OCB have been explained through the socio-analytic theory and the trait visibility theory. Based on our analysis, we assume that the psychometric properties of the HEXACO scale can be generalized in the Indian context. However, for work-related behaviour, personality rating by a co-worker is a better predictor than global self-rating. JEL CODE: M
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Hong, Ryan Y., and Sampo V. Paunonen. "Personality traits and health‐risk behaviours in university students." European Journal of Personality 23, no. 8 (December 2009): 675–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.736.
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Relations between personality and health‐risk behaviours in university undergraduates were examined using multiple measures of personality across multiple samples (N = 1151). Big Five personality variables, at both factor and facet levels, were used to predict three specific health‐risk behaviours: (a) tobacco consumption, (b) alcohol consumption and (c) speeding in an automobile. Our findings showed that low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness were uniformly associated with this cluster of potentially health damaging behaviours. Extraversion was additionally associated with alcohol use. Interaction effects were found between Conscientiousness and Agreeableness on smoking and (for men only) on drinking. Other personality variables not centrally related to the Big Five, such as Risk‐Taking (high) and Integrity (low), were also implicated in the present health‐risk behaviours. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Hutteman, Roos, Wiebke Bleidorn, Gordana Keresteš, Irma Brković, Ana Butković, and Jaap J. A. Denissen. "Reciprocal Associations between Parenting Challenges and Parents’ Personality Development in Young and Middle Adulthood." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 2 (March 2014): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1932.
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Having children affects many aspects of people's lives. However, it remains unclear to what degree the challenges that come along with having children are associated with parents’ personality development. We addressed this question in two studies by investigating the relationship between parenting challenges and personality development in mothers of newborns (Study 1, N = 556) and the reciprocal associations between (mastering) parenting challenges and personality development in parents of adolescents (Study 2, N = 548 mothers and 460 fathers). In Study 1, we found the stress of having a newborn baby to be associated with declines in maternal Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability. Parenting challenges were also related to personality development in parents of adolescent children in Study 2, with parent–child conflict being reciprocally associated with decreases in Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability. Mastering parenting challenges in the form of high parenting self–efficacy, on the other hand, was found to be associated with increases in Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability, and vice versa. In sum, our results suggest that mastering the challenges associated with the social role of parenthood is one of the mechanisms underlying personality development in young and middle adulthood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Nasurdin, Aizzat Mohd, T. Ramayah, and S. Kumaresan. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS ON MANAGERS’ JOB STRESS: Is It Different for Malaysian Men and Women?" Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 6, no. 2 (June 12, 2004): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5546.
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The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of organizational variables (conflict, blocked career, alienation, work overload, and unfavorable work environment) and personality variables (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) on job stress among managers working in the electronics sector in 4Malaysia and whether this relationship varies according to their gender. Analyses of 285 responses using hierarchical regression revealed that four of five organizational variables (blocked career, alienation, work overload, and conflict) had significant positive effects on job stress. In terms of the personality traits, neuroticism and conscientiousness were found to be significantly and positively related to stress. Extraversion and agreeableness, on the other hand, had significant negative effects on job stress. Gender was found to moderate the effects of all the independent variables on job stress at the 0.01 level. Implications for managerial practice and future research are discussed.
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Kadoya, Yoshihiko, Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan, and Tomomi Yamane. "The rising phenomenon of financial scams: evidence from Japan." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2019-0057.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the demographic, socio-economic and personality determinants of financial scams. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data on scams collected in Hiroshima prefecture in Japan for the analysis and analyzes using the logit regression model. Findings The results show that the current level of financial dissatisfaction increases the probability of being a victim of a financial scam. No other demographic or socio-economic factor is related to incidents of financial scams. Using the “big five personality traits,” this study finds that lower conscientiousness is the only personality trait that increases the probability of being a victim of a financial scam. Research limitations/implications Overall, the results suggest that people with low conscientiousness could be easy targets of financial scams and financially dissatisfied people could engage in potentially risky and fraudulent projects. Originality/value Financial scams are a long-standing concern for Japan. Every year, an increasing number of financial scams are being reported, though there are very few empirical studies examining victims’ profiles and other determining factors.
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Jędrzejczyk, Jan, and Marcin Zajenkowski. "Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control." Psychological Reports 123, no. 2 (November 6, 2018): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118809936.
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Recently, the most prominent model of self-control, the strength model, was criticized, and other explanations of self-control have been proposed. One of them is a concept of lay, implicit, willpower theories, that is, believing either that willpower is limited (as in the strength model) or nonlimited. Research shows that holding a nonlimited-resource belief prevents individuals from suffering ego depletion and is related to successful self-regulation. The current study explored how personality, time perspective, and intelligence predict willpower theories. Additionally, two aspects of willpower theories, strenuous mental activity and resistance to temptations, were measured separately. The results indicated that the two aspects of willpower theories were not correlated with each other. This supports hypothesis that willpower theories may be domain specific and also suggests that these two aspects should not be aggregated into one, homogenous scale as was done in some previous research. Both aspects of holding a nonlimited-resource theory were related positively to emotional stability and negatively to past negative time perspective. Strenuous mental activity was positively associated with intellect and negatively with present fatalism, whereas resistance to temptations was correlated positively with conscientiousness and future time perspective. There were no relations between willpower theories and intelligence, which posits that similar life outcomes related with these two attributes are based on distinct mechanisms. Regression analyses revealed that only personality traits (emotional stability and conscientiousness) remained significant predictors of willpower beliefs.
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Hahn, Raegyu, and Andrew L. Comrey. "Factor Analysis of the NEO-PI and the Comrey Personality Scales." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.355.
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The 1985 version of the NEO-PI of Costa and McCrae and the Comrey Personality Scales were administered to a sample of 227 volunteers. The former was designed to measure the “Big Five” factors of personality, using single scales for the factors of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and six “facet scales” each to measure the factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness. The Comrey Personality Scales consist of 40 personality subscales (FHIDs) that have been shown repeatedly to define eight major factors of personality. In this study, these 40 subscales, the CPS Response Bias Scale, the two NEO-PI single factor scales, the 18 NEO-PI facet scales, and sex were factor analyzed. All eight Comrey factors were clearly identified. NEO-PI scales Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness matched well with Comrey factors Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Orderliness, respectively. NEO-PI Agreeableness was substantially related to two other Comrey factors, Trust and Empathy. NEO-PI Openness was identified as a separate ninth factor.
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Yadon, Carly A., and Timothy K. Daugherty. "Auditory Sensory Gating and the Big Five Personality Factors." Journal of Psychophysiology 33, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000229.
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Abstract. Sensory gating allows an individual to filter out irrelevant sensory information from the environment, potentially freeing attentional resources for more complex tasks. Some work has demonstrated a relationship between auditory sensory gating and cognitive skills such as executive function, although the functional significance is not well understood. The relationship between sensory gating and personality dimensions has not been adequately explored. Participants completed a paired-tone sensory gating event-related potential (ERP) paradigm and the Big Five Inventory to assess personality characteristics. Participants with more robust P50 sensory gating reported a significantly greater degree of conscientiousness; conscientiousness (but not the other Big Five factors) predicted sensory gating ability. Longer ERP latencies were associated with participants being more conscientious (P50 component), more agreeable, and less neurotic (N100 component). A better understanding of the behavioral correlates of sensory gating will help elucidate the functional consequences of reduced sensory gating both in typical adults and clinical groups.
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Olowookere, Elizabeth I., Dare O. Omonijo, Jonathan A. Odukoya, and Michael C. Anyaegbunam. "Exploring the Effect of Gender and Personality Characteristics on Educational Performance." Journal of Educational and Social Research 10, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0091.
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This study was an update on gender differences, personality characteristics and academic performance carried out among students at a private University in Ogun State, Nigeria. The present study intends to validate the findings of the previous study with further review of literature on the subject matter. The result of the study showed that male and female students are different with regards to academic performance but not in personality traits. Also, conscientiousness (r=.272, p<.01) was found to be positively related to academic performance while neuroticism (r=-.170, p<.05) negatively correlated with academic performance. Furthermore, the other Big five personality factors did not have any significant relationship with academic performance: extraversion (r= -.027, p>.05), agreeableness (r= .057, p>.05) and openness to experience (r= -.018, p>.05). These personality factors jointly influenced changes in academic performance [F (5,195) = 3.897, p<.01]. The present study found a consensus in gender differences in academic performance with females outperforming the males. Also, studies agree that females are higher in agreeableness and neuroticism but not significantly different in conscientiousness when compared with males. This study concluded that conscientiousness trait had a significant effect on students’ academic performance; and that female students academically performed better than their male counterparts. Consequently, it was recommended that further studies be conducted to ascertain gender differences in personality characteristics using a very large sample size.
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Đokić, Ines, Nikola Milićević, and Nenad Đokić. "Personality traits and choice of studying digital marketing." Marketing 52, no. 2 (2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mkng2102075q.
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The Big Five model of personality traits has already been used in a number of studies in the context of comparing students from different study programs. In this research, the elements of the mentioned model (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness) were used as potential predictors of the intention to enroll in the study program Digital marketing. The primary research included 89 students of the Faculty of Economics in Subotica, in which from the next school year will be offered, among other, a new accredited master's study program Digital marketing. The research was conducted in June 2021. In addition to descriptive statistics, a questionnaire was tested and structural equation modelling was used. At the level of descriptive statistics, the results show that the following characteristics are the most pronounced among surveyed students, in order: conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness (for all these characteristics, the average grade of items related to them is closest to number 4 - "I agree" at five-point Likert scale), while neuroticism is not pronounced (average score lower than 3). When it comes to the model, the traits of openness and conscientiousness have positive and significant, while the trait neuroticism negative and significant (at p<0.10) influence on the intention of enrolling in the master's program Digital marketing. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that relates the mentioned personality model and the choice of digital marketing studies.
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Koch, Tobias, T. M. Ortner, M. Eid, J. Caspers, and M. Schmitt. "Evaluating the Construct Validity of Objective Personality Tests Using a Multitrait-Multimethod-Multioccasion-(MTMM-MO)-Approach." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 208–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000212.
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Although Objective Personality Tests (OPTs) have a long history in psychology and the field of psychological assessment, their validity, and reliability have not yet been sufficiently studied. In this study, we examined the convergent and discriminant validity of objective (personality) tests, Implicit Association Tests (IATs), and self-report measures for the assessment of conscientiousness and intelligence. Moreover, the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures was assessed on the trait (stable) and occasion specific (momentary) level by using the multimethod latent state-trait (MM-LST) model proposed by Courvoisier, Nussbeck, Eid, and Cole (2008) which allows for the decomposition of different sources of variance. Data from 367 students assessed on three different measurement occasions was incorporated. Results indicate generally low convergence of OPTs with data gained by other approaches. Additional analyses revealed that the OPTs used assess stable rather than momentary components of the constructs. Reliabilities of different tests ranged from .54 to .95. Furthermore, a substantial amount of trait method specificity revealed that different methods assess trait components that are not shared between OPTs and other measures. Data on the criterion validity of the objective conscientiousness test revealed that it is related to the punctuality of test takers in the laboratory.
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Veal, Britney, Jessica Yauk, and Hongdao Meng. "ARE CAREGIVERS HEALTHIER?: ASSESSING CAREGIVERS' EPISODIC MEMORY IN A MATCHED AND UNMATCHED SAMPLE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2077.
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Abstract Recent findings using an advanced methodological technique of propensity matching have found that caregivers may have better cognitive health compared to non-caregivers. However, there are limited studies assessing how personality and other psychosocial variables may affect the relationship between caregiver status and cognition. Utilizing the healthy caregiver hypothesis (HCH), the current study examined the association between caregiving and episodic memory in a matched (N= 1,246) and unmatched (N=3,112) sample of caregivers from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. The interaction between caregiving status and personality was also examined. Unadjusted models showed no difference between caregiver status and episodic memory in the samples; however, depression was significantly (p=<.0001) related to cognition in the unmatched sample. In adjusted models for the unmatched sample, conscientiousness (p=0.043), pessimism (p=0.006), and feeling constrained (p=0.028) were found to be significantly associated with episodic memory. In the matched adjusted models, conscientiousness was no longer a significant predictor, but number of chronic conditions was significantly related to episodic memory (p=0.001). The interaction between caregiving and extraversion also approached significance (p=0.076). Findings suggest extraverted caregivers may have better episodic memory performance. These findings highlight the importance of implementing propensity matching in caregiving research. Future research is needed to examine the relationship between coping style and personality specific domains in relation to the HCH.
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Boies, Kathleen, Kibeom Lee, Michael C. Ashton, Sophie Pascal, and Adelheid A. M. Nicol. "The structure of the French personality lexicon." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.411.
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The structure of the French personality lexicon was investigated. Self‐ratings on the 388 most frequently used French personality‐descriptive adjectives were obtained from 415 French‐speaking people. The scree plot of eigenvalues indicated six large factors. In the varimax‐rotated six‐factor solution, the four largest factors, in order of size, corresponded fairly closely to the Big Five dimensions of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. The fifth factor was similar to the Honesty dimension found in several other languages. The sixth factor was defined by Imagination‐related terms, but not by Intellect‐related terms. Solutions involving one to five factors were also investigated and correlations between the factors that emerged from these different solutions are presented. The results are discussed in relation to other lexical studies of personality structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Piepiora, Paweł, Bogdan Kindzer, Justyna Bagińska, and Wojciech J. Cynarski. "Personality and Age of Male National Team of Ukraine in Kyokushin Karate—Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 7225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127225.
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This article is a continuation of the research on personality in combat sports in karate. The authors’ goal was to verify the relationship between personality and age of kyokushin karate practitioners. The male national team of Ukraine in karate kyokushin (N = 7) participated in the personality study with the use of the Big Five model. The NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) Personality Questionnaire was applied as a research tool and the package of statistical methods IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 (IBM Polska, Warszawa, Poland) was used to compute the research results. The study showed that there were differences in the intensity of openness to experiences between individual samples only at the level of the statistical trend. Masters showed a higher level of openness to experiences in relation to juniors (p = 0.081) and seniors (p = 0.097). Also, a negative and strong correlation between the intensity of neuroticism and conscientiousness among the respondents was noted. A conclusion was drawn that, with age, karatekas probably manifest greater openness to experience, which is the result of their sports experience, high sports level and pro-health values of karate. On the other hand, good emotional adaptation of karatekas is strictly related to conscientiousness.
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Altschul, Drew M., Emma K. Wallace, Ruth Sonnweber, Masaki Tomonaga, and Alexander Weiss. "Chimpanzee intellect: personality, performance and motivation with touchscreen tasks." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 170169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170169.
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Human intellect is characterized by intercorrelated psychological domains, including intelligence, academic performance and personality. Higher openness is associated with higher intelligence and better academic performance, yet high performance among individuals is itself attributable to intelligence, not openness. High conscientiousness individuals, although not necessarily more intelligent, are better performers. Work with other species is not as extensive, yet animals display similar relationships between exploration- and persistence-related personality traits and performance on cognitive tasks. However, previous studies linking cognition and personality have not tracked learning, performance and dropout over time—three crucial elements of cognitive performance. We conducted three participatory experiments with touchscreen cognitive tasks among 19 zoo-housed chimpanzees, whose personalities were assessed 3 years prior to the study. Performance and participation were recorded across experiments. High conscientiousness chimpanzees participated more, dropped out less and performed better, but their performance could be explained by their experience with the task. High openness chimpanzees tended to be more interested, perform better and continue to participate when not rewarded with food. Our results demonstrate that chimpanzees, like humans, possess broad intellectual capacities that are affected by their personalities.
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Tsaousis, Ioannis. "Circadian preferences and personality traits: A meta‐analysis." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 4 (June 2010): 356–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.754.
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In this study we report results of a meta‐analysis of studies linking personality to circadian rhythms. A total of 35 independent samples, 96 correlations and 8589 participants were included. Results showed that conscientiousness is the personality dimension that mostly related to morningness (r = .29). Agreeableness was also related to morningness although to a lesser degree (r = .13). Openness to experience, extraversion and neuroticism, contribute to a very small degree (i.e. −.09, −.06 and −.07, respectively). Furthermore, moderation analyses suggested effects of personality measure (big five vs. other) and sample (students vs. workers). Average age of participants had no significant impact on the relationship between morningness and personality, apart from a very trivial influence on openness to experience. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Andreassen, Cecilie Schou, Torbjørn Torsheim, Geir Scott Brunborg, and Ståle Pallesen. "Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale." Psychological Reports 110, no. 2 (April 2012): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.pr0.110.2.501-517.
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The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), initially a pool of 18 items, three reflecting each of the six core elements of addiction (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse), was constructed and administered to 423 students together with several other standardized self-report scales (Addictive Tendencies Scale, Online Sociability Scale, Facebook Attitude Scale, NEO–FFI, BIS/BAS scales, and Sleep questions). That item within each of the six addiction elements with the highest corrected item-total correlation was retained in the final scale. The factor structure of the scale was good (RMSEA = .046, CFI = .99) and coefficient alpha was .83. The 3-week test-retest reliability coefficient was .82. The scores converged with scores for other scales of Facebook activity. Also, they were positively related to Neuroticism and Extraversion, and negatively related to Conscientiousness. High scores on the new scale were associated with delayed bedtimes and rising times.
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Begemann, Marieke, Lindy-Lou Boyette, Aimo Kwast, and Iris Sommer. "T115. PERSONALITY ACROSS THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM: A FINE-GRAINED PERSPECTIVE." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.675.
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Abstract Background Personality is associated with the etiology, course and outcome of psychosis. Previous research has mainly focused on the global domains within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Moreover, little is known on the personality profile of individuals who report frequent psychosis-like experiences (PE) including auditory hallucinations, but do not fulfill criteria for a Cluster A personality disorder or psychotic disorder. Methods We included 134 individuals with non-clinical PE, 40 patients with a psychotic disorder and 126 healthy controls. Participants completed the Dutch NEO-PI-R. ANOVAs were performed to compare personality profiles across the three groups. Results The domains of Neuroticism, Openness and Conscientiousness showed significant group differences. Together with intermediate levels of Neuroticism, individuals with non-clinical PE on average showed high Openness compared to healthy controls and patients (trend-level). The patient group scored high on Neuroticism and low on Conscientiousness compared to both individuals with non-clinical PE and controls. Furthermore, facet-level analyses showed intermediate levels of Depression and Anxiety (N) in individuals with non-clinical PE, as well as high Fantasy, Aesthetics and Ideas (O) relative to controls. The group with non-clinical PE also displayed similar high Angry Hostility (N) and Feelings (O), along with low Trust (A) and Gregariousness (E), as seen in the patient group. Patients showed high Vulnerability and Self-Conscientiousness (N), and also low Competence and Self-discipline (C) compared to both other groups. Discussion This is the first study to provide an analysis of both domain and facet-level data across the psychosis continuum. Our findings underline the added value of a more fine-grained evaluation of personality. We address how certain facets may be related to general PE proneness, both in non-clinical and clinical individuals alike, while other traits may differentiate individuals with non-clinical PE from patients. Current results encourage intervention strategies targeting coping and social skills for youth at risk for psychosis.
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Flannery, Maya B., and Matthew H. Woolhouse. "Musical Preference: Role of Personality and Music-Related Acoustic Features." Music & Science 4 (January 1, 2021): 205920432110140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20592043211014014.
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Personality factors, typically determined by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), have been a primary method for investigating individual preferences in music. While these studies have yielded a number of insights into musical choices, weaknesses exist, owing to the methods by which music is characterized and categorized. For example, musical genre, music-preference dimensions (e.g., reflective and complex), and musical attributes (e.g., strong and mellow), reported within the literature, have arguably produced inconsistent and thus difficult to interpret results. We attempt to circumvent these inconsistencies by classifying music using objectively quantifiable acoustic features that are fundamental to Western music, such as tempo and register. Moreover, it is our contention that the link between musical preference and personality may operate primarily at the level of acoustic features and not at broader categorization levels, such as genre. This study attempts to address this issue. Ninety participants listened to and indicated preference for stimuli that were systematically manipulated by dynamics (attack rate), mode, register, and tempo. Personality was measured using the BFI, allowing for analysis of personality traits and preference for acoustic features. Results supported the link between personality and preference for certain acoustic features. Preference with respect to dynamics was related to openness and extraversion; mode to conscientiousness and extraversion; register to extraversion and neuroticism; and tempo to conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Though significant, these associations were relatively weak; therefore, future research could expand the number of manipulated acoustic features. Specific attempts should also aim to disentangle the effects of genre versus acoustic features on musical preferences. Personality–preference relationships at the acoustic-feature level are discussed with respect to music recommender systems and other aspects of the literature.
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Wang, Chih-Chien, and Hui-Wen Yang. "PASSION FOR ONLINE SHOPPING: THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY AND COMPULSIVE BUYING." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.5.693.
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In this study the relationships among personality traits, harmonious passion, obsessive passion, compulsive buying behavior, and online shopping dependency are examined. An empirical survey of 403 student respondents from a Taiwanese university was conducted. Results show that both harmonious passion and obsessive passion can lead to online shopping dependency; passion is related to compulsive buying behavior; compulsive buyers are more online-shopping-dependent than other consumers. It was also found that three personality traits – openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness – can lead individuals to develop a passion for online shopping activities. These findings may be useful for discussing the influence of personality traits on online shopping activities.
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Grinnell, Lynn, Amy Sauers, Frank Appunn, and Larry Mack. "Virtual Teams In Higher Education: The Light And Dark Side." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v9i1.6716.
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Students and faculty are grappling with learning teams in the online environment - more than half of all higher education organizations offer online courses (Hoffman, 2006). As online course developers try to replicate the best practices of traditional classrooms, the asynchronous technology of the Internet has added great capability while also increasing the confusion that distance in space and time can add to the learning process. This study conducted a qualitative survey of online learning teams using content analysis by three researchers and grounded theory by the fourth researcher. Analysis of the rich text responses prompted the researchers to propose a model for online team development that reflected the functionality or dysfunctionality of teams. Key influences related to the internal or external locus of control of conscientious students. Key findings include strong connections between conscientiousness and attitude towards teamwork on the input side with satisfaction and trust for outcomes. Unlike other research, these online teams linked performance not to pedagogy, but conscientiousness, attitude towards teamwork, and trust. Technology did not hinder performance, suggesting that the new generation of learners is more comfortable with online interactions. The study detected a new factor, team leadership, as a core issue limiting learning and success within teams.
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Müller, K. W., A. Koch, U. Dickenhorst, M. E. Beutel, E. Duven, and K. Wölfling. "Addressing the Question of Disorder-Specific Risk Factors of Internet Addiction: A Comparison of Personality Traits in Patients with Addictive Behaviors and Comorbid Internet Addiction." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546342.
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Uncontrolled use of the internet has been reported to affect the lives of some users in a negative way. According to epidemiological studies, about 1% of the general population is showing signs of internet addiction. Since internet addiction is becoming a growing health concern, research on potential risk factors is becoming more important in order to develop strategies for prevention and to adopt therapeutic treatment. Although there are some studies investigating personality traits in internet addiction, most of these studies are based on samples of healthy subjects. In this research project, we compared personality profiles of a sample of patients in different rehabilitation centers. 70 patients with an addiction disorder that additionally met the criteria for internet addiction were compared to 48 patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Besides Big Five personality traits, we also assessed depressive symptoms. It was shown that patients with comorbid internet addiction can be discriminated from other patients by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion as well as lower conscientiousness. After controlling for depressive symptoms, lower conscientiousness especially turned out to be a disorder-specific risk factor. As internet addiction is related to unique patterns of personality traits and can be discriminated from alcohol dependence, treatment approaches are needed that meet the specific requirements of patients with internet addiction.
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Krzyzaniak, Sheherezade L., Douglas E. Colman, Tera D. Letzring, Jennifer S. McDonald, and Jeremy C. Biesanz. "The Effect of Information Quantity on Distinctive Accuracy and Normativity of Personality Trait Judgments." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 2 (March 2019): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2196.
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Information quantity is an important moderator of personality judgment accuracy. Some evidence suggests that the amount of available information is positively related to accuracy. The current study utilized the social accuracy model to investigate the effects of differences in thin slices of information quantity on the distinctive accuracy and normativity of personality trait judgments. It was hypothesized that distinctive accuracy and normativity would increase as information quantity increased. Participants were 431 individuals who participated in an online study that varied the length of stimulus target observations (30 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes), after which judges rated targets using other–report measures of the Big Five personality traits. For all traits combined, significant levels of accuracy were found for all observation lengths, but distinctive accuracy and normativity did not increase as video length increased. Findings varied for individual traits. For distinctive accuracy, there was a linear increase with information quantity for Extraversion and a non–linear relationship for Conscientiousness, while there was a linear decrease for Openness. For normativity, there was a linear increase with information quantity for Agreeableness and a non–linear relationship for Conscientiousness. There are important differences in how observation length affects distinctive accuracy and normativity for different personality traits. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Ciancio, A., L. Fusar-Poli, A. Gabbiadini, G. Saitta, M. S. Signorelli, and E. Aguglia. "Examining the association between personality traits and university faculty: a web-survey among Italian students." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.476.
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Introduction The influence of personality on field of study choice is comparable to that of cognitive skills. Additionally, personality traits seem linked with academic motivation, and engagement. Choosing the most suitable career is also related to students’ personal well-being and work success. Objectives To explore how personality traits are associated with the choice of university courses among Italian students. Methods A web-survey was spread on social networks between March and June 2020 through Google Forms. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: 1) Being a university student between 18 and 35 years of age; 2) Attending a course in an Italian university; 3) Good comprehension of Italian language. On-line informed consent, socio-demographic, and career data were collected during the survey. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory (BFI). We computed multinomial linear regressions to calculate potential associations between personality traits and university courses. Results Lower Conscientiousness, higher Neuroticism, and higher Openness to experience are associated with the attendance of Humanities compared with students of Health faculties. Higher Neuroticism traits are associated with the attendance of a scientific course compared with Health faculties. High Conscientiousness is significantly associated with the attendance of Law-related courses compared with Health courses. Non significant differences were detected in the other domains according to the big five personality model. Conclusions Our results suggest interesting associations between personality traits and educational choices. Future research may investigate this relationship in high-school students to implement appropriate strategies for better addressing students’ educational needs and career outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Sijtsma, Hester, Nikki C. Lee, Jacek Buczny, Miriam Hollarek, Reubs J. Walsh, Mariët Van Buuren, and Lydia Krabbendam. "HEXACO Personality Dimensions Do Not Predict Individual Differences in Adolescent Trust Behavior." Games 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g14010010.
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Adolescence is an important developmental period for both trust behavior and personality maturation, and individual differences in trust decisions may be related to different personality traits. In the current study, a group of adolescents (n = 483, Mage = 13.5, SDage = 0.4) played two counterbalanced conditions of a multi-round trust game. In one condition, the partner displayed trustworthy behavior (the trustworthy condition), while the partner in the other condition played untrustworthy behavior (the untrustworthy condition). Three types of trust behavior were examined: initial trust behavior, the adaptation of trust behavior (trustworthy condition), and the adaptation of trust behavior (untrustworthy condition). Personality was measured using the Brief HEXACO Inventory. We expected the HEXACO personality dimensions of honesty–humility and agreeableness to be positively associated with initial trust behavior, but conscientiousness to be negatively related to initial trust behavior. The examination of the relationship between these dimensions and the adaptation of trust behavior were conducted on an exploratory basis. The investigation of the relationship between the remaining dimensions (emotionality, extraversion, and openness to experience) and the three types of trust behavior were also carried out on an exploratory basis. For each type of trust behavior, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was undertaken to examine whether the HEXACO personality dimensions were related to trust behavior. Using frequentist analyses, no evidence was found that supported the HEXACO dimensions as significant predictors of the three types of trust behavior. Moreover, additional Bayesian analyses showed evidence that the hypothesized HEXACO dimensions (honesty–humility, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) did not outperform the non-hypothesized HEXACO dimensions (emotionality, extraversion, and openness to experience). The association between personality traits and trust might be less pronounced during adolescence as personality maturates across an individual’s lifespan. Additionally, due to a heightened sensitivity to the environment, contextual cues may affect adolescent decision-making processes, leaving less room for personality-driven behaviors.
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Filipiak, Sara, and Beata Łubianka. "On the Rocky Road to Independence: Big Five Personality Traits and Locus of Control in Polish Primary School Students during Transition into Early Adolescence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094564.
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This article reports the results of a survey of 455 Polish primary school sixth-graders experiencing changes in the education system. The goal of the study was to identify the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, measured with the picture-based personality survey for children (PBPS-C) and locus of control, determined using the locus of control questionnaire (LOCQ). The results lead to the conclusion that primary school students do not have an established locus of control of either success or failure. There are also no significant differences between boys and girls in the way they interpret the causes of situations and events that happen to them. Boys, compared to girls, scored significantly higher on traits related to seeking and enjoying the company of others. On the other hand, girls exhibited significantly higher levels of traits responsible for increased anxiety than boys. The personality traits that correlated the strongest with locus of control were Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness. A regression model showed that locus of control of success was significantly affected by two traits: Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Locus of control of failure was significantly predicted by Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness (positively), and Neuroticism (negatively). Regression model with gender as a moderator of relationships between personality traits and locus of control turned out to be insignificant.
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Avanzi, Lorenzo, Enrico Perinelli, Michela Vignoli, Nina M. Junker, and Cristian Balducci. "Unravelling Work Drive: A Comparison between Workaholism and Overcommitment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 5755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165755.
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Workaholism and overcommitment are often used as interchangeable constructs describing an individual’s over-involvement toward their own job. Employees with high levels in both constructs are characterized by an excessive effort and attachment to their job, with the incapability to detach from it and negative consequences in terms of poor health and job burnout. However, few studies have simultaneously measured both constructs, and their relationships are still not clear. In this study, we try to disentangle workaholism and overcommitment by comparing them with theoretically related contextual and personal antecedents, as well as their health consequences. We conducted a nonprobability mixed mode research design on 133 employees from different organizations in Italy using both self- and other-reported measures. To test our hypothesis that workaholism and overcommitment are related yet different constructs, we used partial correlations and regression analyses. The results confirm that these two constructs are related to each other, but also outline that overcommitment (and not workaholism) is uniquely related to job burnout, so that overcommitment rather than workaholism could represent the true negative aspect of work drive. Additionally, workaholism is more related to conscientiousness than overcommitment, while overcommitment shows a stronger relationship with neuroticism than workaholism. The theoretical implications are discussed.
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Sadykov, Olzhas. "Effect of Personality Traits on Investment Intention of People: Kazakhstan Case." International Journal of Business and Management (IJBM) 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2022): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56879/ijbm.v1i1.2.
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The paper aims to study relationship between personality traits (“big five” traits, such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness), as well as financial literacy of retail investors on willingness to make investment decisions on financial assets in Kazakhstan. Survey collection method of 200 randomly selected people from different social statuses, geographical locations (cities, countryside) and ages via internet, printed papers, and face-to-face meetings. There were decided to approach exploratory study with pragmatic philosophical view. Due to the reason of usage questionnaire, quantitative approach will be the most suitable approach for the study. The research is tended to be completed during the one academic semester. Hence, cross-sectional study is the best fitted type of study for the research paper. Salary, extraversion, agreeableness, preferences on investment instruments and level of financial literacy have statistically significant positive impact on intention of people to participate in investment activities. Conversely, openness trait found to has statistically significant negative impacts on investment intention of participants. Other variables do not have a statistically significant negative or positive impacts on investment willingness within the country. Intention to make investment decisions can be identified by screening of secondary data received from related papers, intention to make risky investments and level of risk tolerance toward investment decisions. However, level of tolerance toward risks varies according to the individuals' level of neuroticism, agreeableness, as well as level of sadness, conscientiousness, and financial literacy.
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Sava, Florin A., LaurenΤiu P. MaricuΤoiu, Silvia Rusu, Irina Macsinga, Delia Vîrgă, Clara Michelle Cheng, and B. Keith Payne. "An Inkblot for the Implicit Assessment of Personality: The Semantic Misattribution Procedure." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 6 (November 2012): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1861.
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Misattributions people make about their own reaction to ambiguous stimuli can be used to measure personality self–concepts implicitly. On the basis of a semantic misattribution priming paradigm [semantic misattribution procedure (SMP)], we assessed the implicit personality self–concept related to three dimensions included in the Big–Five model: conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion. Across three studies (N1 = 98, N2 = 140, and N3 = 135), the SMP was robustly related, in the expected direction, to individual differences in self–reported personality questionnaires and managed to predict both self–reported and objectively measured behaviours. The main advantage of SMP over classical explicit measures of personality is its higher resistance to social desirability tendencies, although its psychometric properties are somewhat lower than those pertaining to explicit measures of personality. Finally, comparisons of our results with studies that used other implicit measures of personality self–concept indicate that the SMP has higher criterion validity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Grigutytė, Neringa, Kristina Engesser, and Karolina Petraškaitė. "Associations Between COVID-19 Difficulties, Well-Being, and Personality Traits." Psichologija 64 (October 19, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2021.42.
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During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, everyday life has changed; people faced various difficulties and overcame them differently. This study aimed to identify how subjectively named difficulties, the ability to cope with these difficulties, and psychological well-being reported by individuals during the first quarantine of COVID-19 in Lithuania were related to gender, age, and personality traits. Three hundred fifty-one participants aged 18 to 70 years completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed that half of the respondents reported various difficulties, classified into six categories, related to the first COVID-19 quarantine. Furthermore, 51% of the participants indicated poor well-being; the well-being of women and young adults (aged 18–29) was significantly lower compared to the other groups. Those who indicated COVID-19 pandemic difficulties showed higher levels of Neuroticism, and Neuroticism was positively related to the severity of the difficulties. Coping with these difficulties and well-being were positively related to Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness, and negatively associated with Neuroticism. The manifestation of the particular personality traits in different groups of indicated difficulties is discussed in the article.
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Kim, Ha-Hyun, Seon-Young Kim, Jae-Min Kim, Sung-Wan Kim, Il-Seon Shin, Hyun-Jeong Shim, Jun-Eul Hwang, Ik-Joo Chung, and Jin-Sang Yoon. "Influence of caregiver personality on the burden of family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients." Palliative and Supportive Care 14, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951515000073.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the influence of caregiver personality and other factors on the burden of family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients.Method:We investigated a wide range of factors related to the patient–family caregiver dyad in a palliative care setting using a cross-sectional design. Caregiver burden was assessed using the seven-item short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI–7). Caregiver personality was assessed using the 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI–10), which measures the following five personality dimensions: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Patient- and caregiver-related sociodemographic and psychological factors were included in the analysis because of their potential association with caregiver burden. Clinical patient data were obtained from medical charts or by using other measures. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors associated with caregiver burden.Results:We analyzed 227 patient–family caregiver dyads. The multivariate analysis revealed that caregiver extroversion was protective against caregiver burden, whereas depressive symptoms in caregivers were related to increased burden. Neuroticism was positively correlated with caregiver burden, but this relationship was nonsignificant following adjustment for depressive symptoms. Patient-related factors were not significantly associated with caregiver burden.Significance of Results:Evaluating caregiver personality traits could facilitate identification of individuals at greater risk of high burden. Furthermore, depression screening and treatment programs for caregivers in palliative care settings are required to decrease caregiver burden.
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Starosta, Jolanta, Bernadetta Izydorczyk, and Małgorzata Dobrowolska. "Personality Traits and Motivation as Factors Associated with Symptoms of Problematic Binge-Watching." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 5810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145810.
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Advance in new technologies has created a new form of consuming television. Binge-watching can be highly entertaining behavior, but its excessive forms could lead to development of risk of addiction. The aim of the study was to identify psychological factors associated with symptoms of problematic binge-watching and to establish on what devices and platforms young people tend to binge-watch. The results of the study indicate that Polish university students usually binge-watch on laptops and smartphones by using the Internet—streaming platforms or other websites. Low Conscientiousness was the strongest variable related to symptoms of binge-watching from all the personality traits. Furthermore, results show that there is a significant relationship between low Agreeableness, low Emotional Stability, low Intellect and problematic binge-watching. Moreover, escape motivation was the strongest factor from all motivational variables.
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Uusberg, Andero, René Mõttus, Kairi Kreegipuu, and Jüri Allik. "Beliefs About the Effects of Alcohol on the Personality of Oneself and Others." Journal of Individual Differences 33, no. 3 (January 2012): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000084.
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The distinction between the effects people expect alcohol to have on themselves and on others is poorly understood. This study employs the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality for investigating these two types of beliefs. Participants responded to short personality questionnaires with instructions to describe themselves and an average young man while moderately intoxicated; they also described their actual and desired personality trait levels. Intoxication was believed to decrease Conscientiousness and increase Neuroticism as well as Extraversion for actors as well as observers alike, while predictions for Openness and Agreeableness depended on the rating target. Profile similarity analysis revealed that, although both types of beliefs reflected socially undesirable trait levels in domains other than Extraversion, actor-expectations were less undesirable than observer-expectations. Implications of the findings suggest that the FFM can be profitably used to study intoxication-related beliefs.
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Labad, Javier, Alexandre González-Rodríguez, Jesus Cobo, Joaquim Puntí, and Josep Maria Farré. "A systematic review and realist synthesis on toilet paper hoarding: COVID or not COVID, that is the question." PeerJ 9 (January 29, 2021): e10771. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10771.
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Objective To explore whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with toilet paper hoarding and to assess which risk factors are associated with the risk of toilet paper hoarding. Design A systematic review and realist review were conducted. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched (systematic review). PubMed, pre-prints and grey literature were also searched (realist review). The databases were searched from inception until October 2020. Study selection There were no restrictions on the study design. Outcomes and measures For the systematic review, toilet paper hoarding was the main outcome, and pathological use of toilet paper was the secondary outcome. For the realist review, the context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) scheme included the COVID-19 pandemic (context), four proposed mechanisms, and one outcome (toilet paper hoarding). The four potential mechanisms were (1) gastrointestinal mechanisms of COVID-19 (e.g. diarrhoea), (2) social cognitive biases, (3) stress-related factors (mental illnesses, personality traits) and (4) cultural aspects (e.g. differences between countries). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All studies of human populations were considered (including general population studies and clinical studies of patients suffering from mental health problems). Results The systematic review identified 14 studies (eight studies for the main outcome, six studies for the secondary outcome). Three surveys identified the role of the COVID-19 threat in toilet paper hoarding in the general population. One study pointed to an association between a personality trait (conscientiousness) and toilet paper buying and stockpiling as well as an additional significant indirect effect of emotionality through the perceived threat of COVID-19 on toilet paper buying and stockpiling. Six case reports of pathological use of toilet paper were also identified, although none of them were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The realist review suggested that of all the mechanisms, social cognitive biases and a bandwagon effect were potential contributors to toilet paper hoarding in the general population. The stressful situation (COVID-19 pandemic) and some personality traits (conscientiousness) were found to be associated with toilet paper hoarding. Cultural differences were also identified, with relatively substantial effects of toilet paper hoarding in several Asian regions (Australia, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a worldwide increase in toilet paper hoarding. Social media and social cognitive biases are major contributors and might explain some differences in toilet paper hoarding between countries. Other mental health-related factors, such as the stressful situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, fear of contagion, or particular personality traits (conscientiousness), are likely to be involved. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020182308
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Harris, Mathew A., Caroline E. Brett, John M. Starr, Ian J. Deary, and Wendy Johnson. "Personality and Other Lifelong Influences on Older–Age Health and Wellbeing: Preliminary Findings in Two Scottish Samples." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 5 (September 2016): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2068.
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Recent observations that personality traits are related to later–life health and wellbeing have inspired considerable interest in exploring the mechanisms involved. Other factors, such as cognitive ability and education, also show longitudinal influences on health and wellbeing, but it is not yet clear how all these early–life factors together contribute to later–life health and wellbeing. In this preliminary study, we assessed hypothesised relations among these variables across the life course, using structural equation modelling in a sample assessed on dependability (a personality trait related to conscientiousness) in childhood, cognitive ability and social class in childhood and older age, education, and health and subjective wellbeing in older age. Our models indicated that both health and subjective wellbeing in older age were influenced by childhood IQ and social class, via education. Some older–age personality traits mediated the effects of early–life variables, on subjective wellbeing in particular, but childhood dependability did not show significant associations. Our results therefore did not provide evidence that childhood dependability promotes older–age health and wellbeing, but did highlight the importance of other early–life factors, particularly characteristics that contribute to educational attainment. Further, personality in later life may mediate the effects of early–life factors on health and subjective wellbeing. © 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
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Hasibuan, Nurjannah, Sri Hartini, and Rina Mirza. "EMOTIONAL LABOR DITINJAU DARI KEPRIBADIAN BIG FIVE PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SARI MUTIARA MEDAN." Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA 4, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v4i2.7694.
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This study aims to find out relationship between dimension big five personality with emotional labor. The research sample was all nurses working at Sari Mutiara Medan General Hospital, which amounted to 115 people, with a total sampling method.The data were collected via emotional labor scale with 48 item and big five personality scale (BFI) with 44 item. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between big five personality with emotional labor. Openness to experience were positively related to emotional labor with correlate coefficient 0.268 and sig. 0.003 (p<0.05), the other dimensions have negative relationships, including extraversion dimensions with correlate coefficient 0.052 and sig. 0.562 (p<0.005), agreeableness with correlate coefficient -0.129 and sig. 0.150 (p<0.05), conscientiousness with correlate coefficient 0.082 and sig. 0.363 (p<0.05) and neuroticism with correlate coefficient -0.104 and sig. 0.245 (p<0.05) were negatively related to emotional labor. The results also showed that the contribution of a given big five personality on emotional labor was 9 percent, while the remaining 91 percent was affected by other factors not examined. From the results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis stating that there is a significance relationship between big five personality and emotional labor.
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Mungure, Daudi Mika. "MAJOR PERSONALITY TRAITS THAT RELATES TO THE LIFE OUTCOMES OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE BIG FIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE." ENSEMBLE 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0301-a008.
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The study aimed to find the major personality traits that relates with the life outcome of an individual in the big five theory. Personality is vital to every human being as it shows how an individual think, feel and behave in a different way from one person to another. The study involved the review of the big five personality traits theory as the key theory and relates the traits with some life outcomes based on educational achievement and job performance of an individual. By assuming all factors are constant, the review revealed that the conscientiousness was the major personality traits that were associated with educational achievement among the big five personality traits. Also the review revealed that openness to experience, agreeableness and neuroticism were the major personality traits that were related with job performance. However, This theory have not explain or consider the possibilities of other factors that can contribute in achieving or not achieving any life outcome of an individual regardless of having certain personality traits related to such achievement. The reviewer would recommend for the consideration of other factors such as socio-economic factors like healthy, income, environment and education on assessing the personality traits that can influence a certain life outcome of an individual.
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Novikova, Irina A., Nadezhda S. Berisha, Alexey L. Novikov, and Dmitriy A. Shlyakhta. "Personality Traits and Foreign Language Proficiency in Russian Linguistics and Non-Linguistics Students." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-3-426-439.
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The search for factors and determinants of effective foreign (second) language acquisition (FLA/SLA) is an interdisciplinary problem that is becoming more and more practically important in the modern globalising world. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the correlation between personality traits and the foreign language proficiency (FLP) level among students of various university specialties. The total sample includes 241 first- and second-year undergraduate students (74% females), of which 128 students (82.5% females) study at the Linguistics Department and 113 students (64% females) belong to other departments. All the students learn English as a primary foreign language (FL). The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Russian adaptation by S. Biryukov and M. Bodunov). In testing the foreign language proficiency levels, we used the traditional Academic Performance Index (semester Final Grades in English) and assessments of the foreign language proficiency levels made by English teachers in relation to their students according to the Foreign Language Proficiency Scale (10 indices and the total score) developed by the authors. To process the data in the R software environment, version 3.5.2, the methods of descriptive statistics, Cronbachs alpha and Macdonalds omega coefficients, Spearmans rank correlation analysis and Wilcoxons T -test were used. The findings of our research showed that FLP is most closely related to Openness in linguistics students and to Conscientiousness in non-linguistics students. These facts should be taken into account by the developers of programmes for psychological and pedagogical support of the FL learning process in Russian universities.