Journal articles on the topic 'Other psychology not elsewhere classified'
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Bannister, Frank, and Dan Remenyi. "Acts of Faith: Instinct, Value and it Investment Decisions." Journal of Information Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2000): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839620001500305.
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Although well over 1000 journal articles, conference papers, books, technical notes and theses have been written on the subject of information technology (IT) evaluation, only a relatively small subset of this literature has been concerned with the core issues of what precisely is meant by the term ‘value’ and with the process of making (specifically) IT investment decisions. All too often, the problem and highly complex issue of value is either simplified, ignored or assumed away. Instead the focus of much of the research to date has been on evaluation methodologies and, within this literature, there are different strands of thought which can be classified as partisan, composite and meta approaches to evaluation. Research shows that a small number of partisan techniques are used by most decision makers with a minority using a single technique and a majority using a mixture of such techniques of whom a substantial minority use a formal composite approach. It is argued that, in mapping the set of evaluation methodologies on to what is termed the investment opportunity space, that there is a limit to what can be achieved by formal rational evaluation methods. This limit becomes evident when decision makers fall back on ‘gut feel’ and other non-formal/rigorous ways of making decisions. It is suggested that an understanding of these more complex processes and decision making, in IT as elsewhere, needs tools drawn from philosophy and psychology.
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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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Holst, Søren, Dorte Lystrup, and John L. Taylor. "Firesetters with intellectual disabilities in Denmark." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-10-2019-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gather epidemiologicalinformation concerning firesetters with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Denmark to identify the assessment and treatment needs of this population and inform further research in this area. Design/methodology/approach The records held by the Danish Ministry of Justice concerning all firesetters with ID convicted of deliberate firesetting were reviewed for the period January 2001 to December 2010 inclusive. File information was extracted for 83 offenders concerning: demographic and personal characteristics; mental health characteristics; offending behaviour; offence-specific factors; and motives for offending. A sub-group of seven offenders were interviewed to explore some of the themes that emerged from the file review. Findings The majority of study participants were male and were classified as having mild ID and around 50 per cent had additional mental health problems. Many came from disturbed and deprived backgrounds. Two-thirds had set more than one fire and over 60 per cent had convictions for offences other than firesetting. Alcohol was involved in the firesetting behaviour in a significant proportion of cases (25 per cent). The motives for setting fires were – in descending order – communication (of anger, frustration and distress), fire fascination and vandalism. Interviews with participants indicated the important communicative function of firesetting, the difficulties people had in talking about and acknowledging their firesetting behaviour, and lack of access to targeted interventions. Research limitations/implications Interventions for Danish firesetters with ID, as for firesetters with ID elsewhere, need to target the communicative function of this behaviour, along with offenders’ lack of insight and initial reluctance to accept responsibility for their behaviour and associated risks. Adjunctive treatment is required to address the psychiatric comorbidity experienced by many of these offenders, along with the alcohol use/misuse that is associated with many of these offences. Originality/value This is the first study concerning nature and needs of firesetters with ID in Denmark.
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Koretzky, Martin B., and Alexis S. V. Rosenoer. "MMPI Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Alcoholic Vietnam Veterans." Psychological Reports 60, no. 2 (April 1987): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.2.359.
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One hundred Vietnam-era male veterans in a Veterans Administration. 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program were classified into combat and noncombat groups according to whether they served in Vietnam or elsewhere during the Vietnam conflict. The MMPI scores of the two groups were compared according to a diagnostic decision-rule developed by Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank in 1984 for posttraumatic stress disorder. Chi-squared analysis showed that the combat group passed the decision-rule in significantly higher numbers than the noncombat group. The results provide evidence that the F-2-8 decision-rule to determine this diagnosis applies to alcoholic as well as nonalcoholic populations.
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Kim, Sung-Soo, and Hun-Sung Kim. "Comorbidity Patterns and Management in Inpatients with Endocrine Diseases by Age Groups in South Korea: Nationwide Data." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010042.
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This study aimed to examine comorbidity associations across age groups of inpatients with endocrine diseases as the primary diagnosis throughout the life cycle to develop an effective management strategy. Data were obtained from the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDS) from 2006 to 2021, involving 68,515 discharged patients aged ≥ 19 years with a principal diagnosis of endocrine disease. A database was constructed for analysis, extracting general characteristics and comorbidities. Employing R version 4.2.3, the Chi-squared test and the Apriori algorithm of ARM (association rule mining) were used for analyzing general characteristics and comorbidity associations. There were more women (53.1%) than men (46.9%) (p < 0.001, with women (61.2 ± 17.2) having a higher average age than men (58.6 ± 58.6) (p < 0.001). Common comorbidities include unspecified diabetes mellitus; essential (primary) hypertension; unspecified diabetes mellitus; and other disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Notably, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemia, polyneuropathy in diseases classified elsewhere, retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere, and essential (primary) hypertension prevail across all age groups. Association rules further highlight specific comorbidities appearing selectively in certain age groups. In conclusion, establishing a management strategy for comorbidities in patients with a primary diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is necessary.
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Kopacz, Marek S., Cathleen P. Kane, Brady Stephens, and Wilfred R. Pigeon. "Use ofICD-9-CMDiagnosis Code V62.89 (Other Psychological or Physical Stress, Not Elsewhere Classified) Following a Suicide Attempt." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500302.
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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.
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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Volkmar, Fred R., and Linda C. Mayes. "Gaze behavior in autism." Development and Psychopathology 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400000596.
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AbstractGaze behavior was assessed in 20 autistic individuels and in an age- and mental-age-matched mentally retarded control group. A time-sample technique was used to collect frequency of gaze directed at staff, at task, and elsewhere (at other) in familiar educational settings as subjects interacted with familiar staff and engaged in familiar educational activities. Gaze behaviors were sampled in each of three interactional conditions defined by staff-subject ratio. Significant effects of the intensity of the interactional condition were observed for both groups. Overall autistic subjects were more likely to look elsewhere than the matched control cases and looked less at staff during one-to-one interaction. Relationships to age, developmental level, and other measures are discussed.
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Apostal, Robert A. "Interpretable and Noninterpretable Female-Male Score Differences on Selected Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory Occupational Scales." Psychological Reports 58, no. 3 (June 1986): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.899.
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This study classified the differences between scores based on female norms (same-sex scores) and scores based on male norms (other-sex scores) on 12 Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory Occupational Scales in a sample of 87 college women. The same- and other-sex score differences were classified as interpretable (of practical use in guidance) if one score indicated interests similar to those of persons working in the occupation and the other score indicated interests dissimilar to those persons' interests. The score differences were classified as noninterpretable if both scores indicated similar interests or both scores indicated dissimilar interests. There were 224 interpretable score differences on the 12 scales and 820 noninterpretable score differences. These findings were related to the practice of interpreting other-sex scores on Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory Occupational Scales.
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Poortinga, Ype H., and Ingrid Lunt. "Psychology as a Profession and a Science." European Psychologist 16, no. 2 (January 2011): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000088.
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The European Association of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) was created in 1981 as the European Association of Professional Psychologists’ Associations (EFPPA). We show that Shakespeare’s dictum “What’s in a name?” does not apply here and that the loss of the “first P” (the adjectival “professional”) was resisted for almost two decades and experienced by many as a serious loss. We recount some of the deliberations preceding the change and place these in a broader historical context by drawing parallels with similar developments elsewhere. Much of the argument will refer to an underlying controversy between psychology as a science and the practice of psychology, a controversy that is stronger than in most other sciences, but nevertheless needs to be resolved.
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Sweeney, Vincent P., Adele D. Sadovnick, and Vilma Brandejs. "Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100035782.
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ABSTRACT:A province wide prevalence study on multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in British Columbia (B.C.). The prevalence date was July 1, 1982. The major portion of this study was a review of all the files of neurologists practicing in B.C. as this was judged to be the most accurate source for identifying MS patients. 239,412 neurologists' files were hand searched by one researcher using modified Schumacher criteria for classification. Other sources used during the study for identifying MS patients were the MS Clinic, general practitioners, ophthalmologists, urologists, specialized facilities such as long term care facilities and rehabilitation centres, and patient self-referrals.A total of 4,620 non-duplicated cases were identified and classified. 4,112 of these (89%) were classified according to information contained in neurologists' records.The prevalence estimate for definite/probable MS in B.C. was 93.3/100,000 population. This increased to 130.5/100,000 population if possible MS and optic neuritis were also included. These rates are among the highest reported in Canada or elsewhere. The cooperation of B.C. neurologists made this study unique in its scope and accuracy of diagnosis.
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VAN DER PERS, MARIEKE, EVA U. B. KIBELE, and CLARA H. MULDER. "Intergenerational proximity and the residential relocation of older people to care institutions and elsewhere." Ageing and Society 35, no. 7 (April 8, 2014): 1429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000300.
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ABSTRACTWe investigated the extent to which the geographic proximity of adult children affected the relocations of older people in the Netherlands in 2008. A major contribution of this study is the examination of the differentiation between relocation to care institutions and elsewhere. Data from the Dutch population register linked to complementary datasets were analysed for nearly one million inhabitants aged 75 and above, using multinomial logistic regression models to estimate the effects of intergenerational proximity and of other factors on the propensity to relocate to an institution and elsewhere. An interaction of proximity with partnership status as an indicator of the presence of an important care provider was considered. We found that older people were less likely to move elsewhere when their children were living very close by, and were more likely to do so when their children were living farther away. Having children living close was negatively associated with the likelihood of moving to a care institution. Very close proximity had an additional negative effect on the propensity of older people with a partner to relocate elsewhere whereas the negative effect was less for older people without a partner on moving elsewhere. Our findings did, however, show that (recently) widowed people were more likely to move elsewhere when their children were living more than 40 kilometres away.
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Wiemer-Hastings, Katja, and Joachim Funke. "The German psychology curriculum." Psychology Teaching Review 7, no. 2 (September 1998): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.1998.7.2.21.
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This paper is an overview of the general study and examinations guidelines of German psychology programs. Information was compiled from the guidelines of 23 universities. The German curriculum in psychology is classified as fiveyear generalist training, which entails general education followed by specialization in the final years. In addition to the general structure of studies, we provide information about the required subjects, examinations, and other requirements. Information about psychology students is presented in a summary fashion.
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Koene, Casper J. "Tests and Professional Ethics and Values in European Psychologists." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 13, no. 3 (September 1997): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.13.3.219.
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In this article the current state of professional ethics in Europe, more specifically with respect to assessment and testing, is discussed. It is shown that, in comparison to other places, the development in Europe of professional ethics for psychologists has a more general character than elsewhere, and that the professional conduct, inasmuch as it concerns assessment and testing, must be viewed in a broader context. The article includes reflections not only on the state of ethics, as laid down in codes of ethics, but also reflections on some critical issues as well as on some empirical findings on the evaluation of unethical conduct.
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Kincaid, Harold. "Evolutionary social science beyond culture." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06329081.
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Mesoudi et al.'s case can be improved by expanding to compelling selectionist explanations elsewhere in the social sciences and by seeing that natural selection is an instance of general selectionist process. Obstacles include the common use of extreme idealizations and optimality evidence, the copresence of nonselectionist social processes, and the fact that selectionist explanations often presuppose other kinds of social explanations.
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Knussen, Christina, Patricia Sloper, Cliff C. Cunningham, and Stephen Turner. "The use of the Ways of Coping (Revised) questionnaire with parents of children with Down's syndrome." Psychological Medicine 22, no. 3 (August 1992): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700038216.
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SynopsisThe principal aim of this study was to assess the validity and usefulness of the Ways of Coping (Revised) questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985) with a British sample of parents of children with Down's syndrome. Factor analysis yielded five subscales which were compared with those reported elsewhere. Other properties of the instrument were investigated. It was concluded that the instrument was potentially valuable to those investigating coping in families with special problems.
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Chatterjee, Anindya, and James M. Hunt. "The Relationship of Character Structure to Persuasive Communication in Advertising." Psychological Reports 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.215-221.
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The persuasive effect of character structure—defined as a person's organized set of drives, dispositions, and satisfactions with which they approach the world—was assessed in the context of printed advertising. Subjects were exposed to one of two levels of argument strength (strong versus weak) and one of two levels of message spokesperson (celebrity versus noncelebrity) in a printed-advertising task. Subjects classified as Other-directed, individuals who possess a strong need to get along with others, exhibited greater attitudinal responsiveness to the test advertisement as measured on a composite attitude scale than did those classified as Inner-directed, needing to get ahead, or succeed. Other-directed subjects' attitude scores were more responsive to the message source than were the comparable scores of Inner-directed subjects. Results regarding argument strength were not significant but suggest that Other-directed attitudes are influenced by a combination of textual arguments and social cues.
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Murrone, Jeanne, and Malcolm D. Gynther. "Implicit Theories or Halo Effect? Conceptions about Children's Intelligence." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3_suppl2 (December 1989): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1187.
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Information about implicit conceptions of children's intelligence was obtained by having undergraduates, aged 20 yr. or older, rate behavioral descriptions for hypothetical children classified as having “Above Average,” “Average,” and “Below Average” intelligence. While sex of subject and sex of child rated did not significantly influence the ratings, a main effect for level of intelligence was obtained, that is, ratings of behaviors rationally classified as Verbal Abilities, Problem-solving Abilities, Social Competence, Character/Personality Traits, Interest in Learning and/or Culture, Other Intellectual (Nonverbal) Skills or Abilities were significantly influenced only by the broad level of intelligence by which the child was classified. Factor analysis gave a social competence and a problem-solving factor comparable to those in people's conceptions of adult intelligence but did not substantiate a verbal abilities factor.
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Stern, Donnel B. "Distance And Relation: Emerging From Embeddedness In The Other." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 71, no. 4 (August 2023): 641–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651231198493.
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Inspired by an essay by Martin Buber (1950), and then by the work of Ernest Schachtel (1959) on the idea of “embeddedness” and emergence from it, this essay is an account of the role of “distance” or “separateness” in clinical psychoanalytic work. We tend to assume that the capacity to appreciate otherness is always already present. We often lose track of the necessity to “set the other at a distance” (Buber), the prerequisite for emergence from embeddedness in the other. The entire process—i.e., setting the other at a distance and then emerging from embeddedness in the other—must take place over and over again in any treatment, and in both directions: patients must disembed from analysts, but it is just as necessary for analysts to disembed from patients. It is the emergence from embeddedness that allows the analyst’s appreciation of the patient’s otherness. Embeddedness in the other is discussed as mutual enactment. This use of these phenomena in treatment is articulated in the theory of witnessing presented elsewhere in recent years (Stern 2009, 2012, 2022b, in press). A detailed clinical illustration is presented.
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Nagy, Barnabás. "A Mecsek Orthoptera faunájának jellegzetes vonásai." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 9 (2006): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2006.9.153.
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The Mecsek Mts and the Villány Hills represent the most southern (low)mountain region of Hungary. Here 63 grasshopper species were detected (=51,6% of the total Hungarian Orthoptera fauna), however, several in Hungary elsewhere common species were not found. High percentage of some Mediterranean, Balkan and other, elsewhere in Hungary rare or missing Orthoptera species (as e.g. Poecilimon fussi, Poecilimon intermedius, Isophya costata, I. modestior, I. modesta, I. camptoxypha, Sagapedo, Odontopodisma decipiens, O. schmidtii, Aiolopus strepens, Acrotylus insubricus, etc.), are characteristic to this fauna and to these grasshopper assemblages. The joint and frequent occurrence of bigger, mostly predaceous decticines (3 Pholidoptera spp., Pachytrachis gracilis, Pterolepis germanica) is also remarkable. Species being under legislative nature protection in Hungary amounted to 10 taxons (=15,9 %) in the Mecsek, - among them with two sub-endemics for the Carpathian Basin: Isophya costata and /. camptoxypha. However, during the last decades some flightless phaneropterids (/. modesta, I. camptoxypha, I. modestior) seem to have suffered local extiction around settlements due to the urbanization pressure. Species occurring in the Mecsek Mts were classified according to their phenology. The northernmost sites of the area of Aiolopus strepens - the adults overwinter - were detected in the Mecsek. Places of occurrence of rare and protected species {Isophya spp., Poecilimon intermedius, Aiolopus strepens) are endangered by habitat destruction, especially around the city Pécs, that is extending to parts of the southern slopes of the Misina Mt (535 m).
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Paltridge, Rachel. "The diets of cats, foxes and dingoes in relation to prey availability in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00010.
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In most areas of Australia, mammals constitute the staple diets of cats, foxes and dingoes. In central Australia the abundance of mammals is often too low to meet the dietary requirements of these carnivores and yet populations of cats, foxes and dingoes persist. To investigate alternative feeding strategies of cats, foxes and dingoes in arid environments, their diets were monitored in relation to prey availability in two areas of the Tanami Desert where rabbits do not occur. Dietary information was obtained by analysing predator scats collected between 1995 and 1997. Prey availability was monitored by track counts, pitfall trapping, Elliott trapping, and bird counts along walked transects. In contrast to dietary studies elsewhere in Australia, it was found that reptiles were an important component of the diets of predators in the Tanami Desert, and should be classified as seasonal staples. Birds increased in importance in the diets of cats and foxes during the winter, when reptiles were less active. There was considerable overlap between the diets of all three predators, although dingoes ate more large prey items (e.g.�macropods) than the other two predators. Results highlight the opportunistic feeding habits of cats, foxes and dingoes and show that, although mammalian prey are less important in central Australia than has been found elsewhere, species that are vulnerable to extinction, such as the bilby (Macrotis lagotis), mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) and marsupial mole (Notoryctes typhlops), are also consumed by these predators.
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Heyes, Cecilia. "Imitation as a conjunction." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 2008): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07003196.
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AbstractThe conjunctive conception takes imitation to be a combination of observational learning and copying. In the target article, and elsewhere, this conception generates problems in (1) explaining the copying of intransitive actions, (2) elucidating the potential functions of imitation, and (3) recognising when the correspondence problem has been avoided rather than solved. Hurley's careful use of subpersonal and personal levels of explanation shows us how to tackle these and other questions about imitation.
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O'Regan, Patrick W., Jennifer M. Ní Mhuircheartaigh, Timothy G. Scanlon, and Martin J. Shelly. "Radiology of the Mesentery." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35, no. 04 (July 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744481.
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AbstractThe recent description and re-classification of the mesentery as an organ prompted renewed interest in its role in physiological and pathological processes. With an improved understanding of its anatomy, accurately and reliably assessing the mesentery with non-invasive radiological investigation becomes more feasible.Multi-detector computed tomography is the main radiological modality employed to assess the mesentery due to its speed, widespread availability, and diagnostic accuracy.Pathologies affecting the mesentery can be classified as primary or secondary mesenteropathies. Primary mesenteropathies originate in the mesentery and subsequently progress to involve other organ systems (e.g., mesenteric ischemia or mesenteric volvulus). Secondary mesenteropathies describe disease processes that originate elsewhere and progress to involve the mesentery with varying degrees of severity (e.g., lymphoma).The implementation of standardized radiological imaging protocols, nomenclature, and reporting format with regard to the mesentery will be essential in improving the assessment of mesenteric anatomy and various mesenteropathies.In this article, we describe and illustrate the current state of art in respect of the radiological assessment of the mesentery.
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Hoffmann, A. A., and M. Turelli. "Unidirectional incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: inheritance, geographic variation and fitness effects." Genetics 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.435.
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Abstract In California, Drosophila simulans females from some populations (type W) produce relatively few adult progeny when crossed to males from some other populations (type R), but the productivity of the reciprocal cross is comparable to within-population controls. These two incompatibility types are widespread in North America and are also present elsewhere. Both types sometimes occur in the same population. Type R females always produce type R progeny irrespective of the father's type. However, matings between R males and females from stocks classified as type W produce type R progeny at low frequency. This suggests rare paternal transmission of the R incompatibility type, as we have found no evidence for segregation of incompatibility types in the W stocks. There is quantitative variation among type R lines for compatibility with W females, but not vice versa. Population cage studies and productivity tests suggest that deleterious side effects are associated with the type R cytoplasm.
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Yajima, Y., and Y. Takahashi. "Lorentz And Interference Electron Microscopy On A Scanning Tem." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013519.
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Magnetic imaging can be performed both on conventional (projection) and scanning TEM (CTEM/STEM). The CTEM-based magnetic imaging, classified into Fresnel, Foucault, holography, and other modes, has proven successful by now in observing various magnetic objects, and has accordingly been well documented elsewhere. The STEMbased one has emerged relatively recently prompted by the rapid growth of current STEM technology.The most ubiquitous implementation of Lorentz microscopy on a STEM is the differential phase contrast (DPC) mode. Each scanning signal obtained in the DPC mode is linear to Lorentz deflection, thus reflects the magnitude of an in-plane component of magnetic induction integrated along the optical axis(Fig.l). The signals therefore suffice to generate integrated in-plane magnetic induction maps(Fig.2). Furthermore, by making use of the fact that the Lorentz deflection distribution across the image plane forms an irrotational (vortex-free) 2D vector field, a pertinent numerical image processing yields a function equivalent to the electron phase function representing magnetically distorted electron wavefront.
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Ainslie, George. "Vulnerabilities to addiction must have their impact through the common currency of discounted reward." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004743.
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AbstractThe ten vulnerabilities discussed in the target article vary in their likelihood of producing temporary preference for addictive activities – which is the phenomenon that puzzles conventional motivational theory. Direct dopaminergic stimulation, but probably not the other vulnerabilities, may contribute to the necessary concavity of addicts' delay discounting curves, as may factors that the senior author analyzes elsewhere. Whatever their origins, these curves can themselves account for temporary preference, sudden craving, and the “automatic” habits discussed here.
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Schade, Christian D. "Free will in the clustered-minds multiverse, and some comments on S. Sarasvathy’s ‘choice matters’." Mind & Society 19, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-020-00241-5.
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AbstractThis paper sketches a new version of the multiverse interpretation of quantum mechanics, the clustered-minds multiverse, that has been presented in detail elsewhere (Schade 2018, Springer, New York). It briefly shows why it grants us with free will and reflects upon the (im-)possibilty of singular-universe explanations of free will (e.g., Laskey 2018, J Cogn Sci 19–2:125–163). It also critically comments upon S. Sarasvathy's 'choice matters,' one of the other contributions to this mini symposium.
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Passinsky, Asya. "Should Bitcoin Be Classified as Money?" Journal of Social Ontology 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2020-0022.
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Abstract The advent of virtual currencies such as bitcoin raises a pressing question for lawmakers, regulators, and judges: should bitcoin and other virtual currencies be classified as money or currency for legal and regulatory purposes? I examine two different approaches to answering this question—a descriptive approach and a normative approach. The descriptive approach says that bitcoin and other virtual currencies should be classified as money or currency just in case they really are money or currency, whereas the normative approach says that this question of classification should be answered on the basis of substantive normative considerations. I argue against the descriptive approach and in favor of the normative approach.
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Faria, Luísa. "Dimensions of Causality as a Function of Socioeconomic Status in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3 (June 2004): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.827-832.
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This study explored dimensions of locus of causality, stability, and controllability, of several sources for success and failure, classified by subjects as a function of their socioeconomic status. The sample included 1,320 Portuguese high school students, from high, middle, and low socioeconomic status who classified 17 causes for success and failure according to their meaning on the three dimensions. Analysis showed students from families of low socioeconomic status perceived causes related to ability, effort, and motivation as more unstable than subjects from families of middle and high socioeconomic status, and students from families of high socioeconomic status perceived causes related to ability as more internal than the other two groups.
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Israelstam, Stephen. "Psychosocial and other Factors in Excessive Drinking of Homosexuals and the General Population: Opinions of Alcohol Intervention Workers in Ontario, Canada." Psychological Reports 59, no. 3 (December 1986): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1263.
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85 intervention workers indicated agreement with 18 statements about factors in excessive drinking of homosexuals and 18 parallel statements concerning the general population. Some respondents also listed other factors. t tests for means showed that respondents rated statements differently for homosexuals and the general population. When respondents were classified by demographic variables, F ratios yielded the same outcomes.
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Ratnasingam, Malini, and Lee Ellis. "Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries." Journal of Media Psychology 23, no. 4 (January 2011): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000054.
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Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.
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Lesieur, Henry R., and Richard J. Rosenthal. "Pathological gambling: A review of the literature (prepared for the American Psychiatric Association task force on DSM-IV committee on disorders of impulse control not elsewhere classified)." Journal of Gambling Studies 7, no. 1 (1991): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01019763.
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Sulaeman, Budi. "An Overview Grit Implementation among Psychology Students at Private Universities." Proceedings of International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPsyche) 4 (October 20, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58959/icpsyche.v4i1.22.
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In studies, students will face some common problems, such as (a) not being able to complete their studies well, (b) giving up easily when facing learning difficulties, (c) getting a relatively low GPA, and (d) failing to adjust as a new student. This study aims to provide an overview of the implementation of Grit in Psychology students at a Private Universities. Angela Duckworth developed the Grit concept. Duckworth defines Grit as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with a convenience sampling technique. The participants were 336 students, 46 males and 290 females (M: 38.37 and SD: 4.89). Researchers used a Grit scale measuring instrument developed by Angela Duckworth, consisting of 12 items. This measuring instrument is prepared based on two aspects of Grit: perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Data collection in this study was conducted online using Google Forms. The data processing technique applied is descriptive statistics. The results showed that 243 respondents, or 72%, were classified as Quite Gritty. Meanwhile, 82 respondents, or 25%, have the quality of being classified as Gritty, and the other 3% are classified as not Gritty. Individuals with Quite Gritty refer to individuals who do not easily despair when experiencing difficulties and are persistent in trying to achieve goals. To improve their quality, students need assistance from academic advisors to develop their study plans.
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Schiraldi, Glenn R., and Kenneth H. Beck. "PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF THE JENKINS ACTIVITY SURVEY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.1.109.
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Over 700 college students were measured with the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) along with eleven other personality scales in an attempt to identify the personality correlates of this scale. These eleven personality variables were analyzed to determine their contribution to a discriminant solution between extreme high scores (supposedly true Type A's) and low scores (supposedly true Type B's) as measured by the JAS. The results revealed that relative to those subjects who were classified as Type B's, those classified as Type A's exhibited significantly greater status concern, less alexithymia, more misanthropy and greater life satisfaction. Self-esteem and related self-concepts did not differ significantly between these two groups. These findings challenge the validity of this instrument as a measure of Type A trait.
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Sarika, H.-L., A. Papathoma, M. Garofalaki, K. Saltiki, T. Pappa, K. Pazaitou-Panayiotou, E. Anastasiou, and M. Alevizaki. "Genetic screening of patients with medullary thyroid cancer in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades." European Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 4 (April 2015): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0817.
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ObjectiveMutations in theRETgene are responsible for hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and may vary between ethnic groups. We report the spectrum of mutations detected in patients with MTC in a referral center in Greece.Patients and methodsScreening forRETmutations was performed in 313 subjects from 188 unrelated families: 51 patients had clinical suspicion for familial disease, 133 were apparently sporadic, four patients had only C cell hyperplasia, and 125 were family members. Exons 8, 10, 11, and 13–16 were screened.ResultsA total of 58 individuals (30.85%) wereRETmutations carriers, 120 (63.8%) were finally classified as sporadic, 13 apparently sporadic cases (9.8%) were identified withRETmutation: ten carried the exon 8 at codon 533 mutation (previously reported), two the exon 14 at codon 804 mutation, and one the exon 13 at codon 768 mutation. Six patients (3.19%) with clinical features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and negative forRETmutations were classified as ‘unknown cause’. The mutations of hereditary cases were as follows: 21 cases (36.2%) in exon 8 codon 533, 19 (32.8%) in exon 11 codon 634, nine (15.5%) in exon 10, five (8.6%) in exon 16, three (5.2%) in exon 14 codon 804, and one in exon 13 codon 768 (1.7%).ConclusionThe spectrum ofRETmutations in Greece differs from that in other populations and the prevalence of familial cases is higher. The exon 8 (Gly533Cys) mutation was the most prevalent in familial cases unlike other series, followed by exon 11 (codon 634) mutations which are the most frequent elsewhere. The wide application of genetic screening in MTC reveals new molecular defects and helps to characterize the spectrum of mutations in each ethnic group.
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Biro, Miklos, Snezana Smederevac, and Snezana Tovilovic. "Socioeconomic and cultural factors of low scholastic achievement of Roma children." Psihologija 42, no. 3 (2009): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0903273b.
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This study investigated environmental influences on scholastic achievement of first-grade elementary school students. A total of 149 (average age 81 months) first-grade children were classified in three groups. The first group comprised of 52 Roma children. Two other groups consisted of 48 non-Roma children classified as children belonging to an average socioeconomic status (SES) group and 49 non-Roma children classified as children belonging to a below-average SES group. All 52 Roma children belonged to a below-average SES group. Children's intellectual abilities were assessed by Test of School Maturity; their scholastic achievement was assessed by teachers, while data on SES and family's educational climate were obtained through a semi structured interview with their parents. Intellectual abilities - strongly influenced by family's SES and family's educational climate - were most predictive of scholastic achievement. Our structural model suggests that family's educational climate, defined by unfavorable educational stimulation and low parents' ambition concerning education of their children, moderates effects of low SES on inferior scholastic achievement. This model may be especially relevant for Roma children, since Roma children are most affected by the lack of adequate educational climate within their families.
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Dakskobler, Igor, and Jernej Peljhan. "Viola Pyrenaica Ramond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0009-5.
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Viola PyrenaicaRamond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)The article describes new localities of a south-European montane speciesViola pyrenaicain the Julian Alps and in the Trnovski gozd and Nanos plateaus (the northern part of the Dinaric mountains). It has been established that in the localities known so far in Slovenia, the species grows on similar sites as elsewhere in the Alps and other mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, above all on overgrown screes, stony grasslands, on forest edges, in light forests on stony ground and in tall herb communities on calcareous bedrock in the submontane, montane and subalpine belt (450 to 1600 m a.s.l.). The floristic composition of the communities in which it grows is presented in four tables. On the Trnovski gozd plateau it was found in various successional stages of abandoned pastures or grasslands of the associationGenisto sericeae-Seslerietum kalnikensisand in open coppice stands of hop hornbeam and flowering ash, which are classified into the associationSeslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae.
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De Carlo, D., L. Dal Zotto, E. Perissinotto, L. Gallo, M. Gatta, U. Balottin, G. Mazzotta, et al. "Osmophobia in migraine classification: A multicentre study in juvenile patients." Cephalalgia 30, no. 12 (March 26, 2010): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410362928.
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Aims: This study was planned to investigate the diagnostic utility of osmophobia as criterion for migraine without aura (MO) as proposed in the Appendix (A1.1) of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II, 2004). Methods: We analysed 1020 patients presenting at 10 Italian juvenile headache centres, 622 affected by migraine (M) and 328 by tension-type headache (TTH); 70 were affected by headache not elsewhere classified (NEC) in ICHD-II. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the prevalence of osmophobia was 26.9%, significantly higher in M than TTH patients (34.6% vs 14.3%). Results: Osmophobia was correlated with: (i) family history of M and osmophobia; and (ii) other accompanying symptoms of M. By applying these ‘new’ criteria, we found an agreement with the current criteria for the diagnosis of migraine without aura (MO) in 96.2% of cases; 54.3% of previously unclassifiable patients received a ‘new’ diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that this new approach, proposed in the Appendix (A1.1), appears easy to apply and should improve the diagnostic standard of ICHD-II in young patients too.
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Jones, M., J. Sundin, L. Goodwin, L. Hull, N. T. Fear, S. Wessely, and R. J. Rona. "What explains post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK service personnel: deployment or something else?" Psychological Medicine 43, no. 8 (November 13, 2012): 1703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002619.
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BackgroundIn previous studies an association between deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan and an overall increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK armed forces has not been found. The lack of a deployment effect might be explained by including, in the comparison group, personnel deployed on other operations or who have experienced traumatic stressors unrelated to deployment.MethodsThe sample comprised 8261 regular UK armed forces personnel who deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan or other operational areas or were not deployed. Participants completed the PTSD CheckList – Civilian Version (PCL-C) and provided information about deployment history, demographic and service factors, serious accidents and childhood experiences.ResultsDeployment to Iraq or Afghanistan [odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6–2.2] or elsewhere (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6–2.0) was unrelated to PTSD although holding a combat role was associated with PTSD if deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–3.9). Childhood adversity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1–5.0), having left service (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–4.0) and serious accident (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0) were associated with PTSD whereas higher rank was protective (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.12–0.76).ConclusionsFor the majority of UK armed forces personnel, deployment whether to Iraq, Afghanistan or elsewhere confers no greater risk for PTSD than service in the armed forcesper sebut holding a combat role in those deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan is associated with PTSD. Vulnerability factors such as lower rank, childhood adversity and leaving service, and having had a serious accident, may be at least as important as holding a combat role in predicting PTSD in UK armed forces personnel.
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Hsu, Sharon S., M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall, and John H. Coe. "Integration in Hong Kong: A phenomenological Study of Chinese Christian Therapists." Journal of Psychology and Theology 35, no. 2 (June 2007): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710703500201.
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The voices of other cultures need to be heard in the growing field of the integration of psychology and theology. This study phenomenologically explored the experience of integration for Chinese Christian therapists practicing in Hong Kong. The emerging themes placed the context of integration outside of the Hong Kong culture, with psychology and Christianity as foreign to the Chinese culture. Integration was founded on a dynamic and committed relationship to God. The centrality of relationship with God led to the sharing of personal beliefs with clients as well as encouragement to seek religion in their own lives. The power of theology to meet needs that could not be met elsewhere and provide meaning where none could be found, resulted in deference to the truths of theology.
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V. Paul, Peter. "THE QUALITATIVE SIMILARITY HYPOTHESIS: A COMMENTARY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 11, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.092101.
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This article provides a summary of the historical background and basic tenets of the Qualitative Similarity Hypothesis (QSH), which has been applied to explore the language and literacy acquisition of d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) children and adolescents in the United States (and elsewhere, for example, South Korea and Saudi Arabia). The QSH is a developmental similarity model, influenced by the early investigations on language and literacy development of children with developmental/intellectual/cognitive or learning/language disabilities. It is argued that the acquisition of English (or any other phonemic language) by d/Deaf and hard of hearing children or other children in Special Education programs is developmentally or qualitatively similar to that of typical (non-disabled) language and literacy learners. This is also the case for second language learners of English, often labeled English language learners. The QSH can be used to provide indirect support for inclusive education programs and strong direct support for access to the general education curriculum.
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Bartram, Dave, and Iain Coyne. "Variations in National Patterns of Testing and Test Use: The ITC/EFPPA International Survey." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no. 3 (September 1998): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.3.249.
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This study examined a range of issues relating to testing and test use in 36 countries. It also explored attitudes towards issues relating to competence in test use. Respondents included representatives of professional psychological associations, test publishers, and other groups with a national perspective on testing. For the purposes of the study, the domain of testing was divided into four areas: Educational, Clinical, Forensic, and Organizational. While detailed reports on the overall results of the survey have been reported elsewhere ( Bartram & Coyne, 1998a , 1998b ), the present paper focuses on patterns of similarity and difference between countries. Cluster analysis was used to examine patterns of consistency in responses between countries. The results indicate that the clustering of countries is, for the most part, not attributable to either geographical proximity or to common cultural or language factors. In reviewing these patterns, however, one should note that there is, overall, more consistency between countries within each subdomain, or area, of test use, than there is between subdomains within countries.
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Losada-Paisey, Gloria. "Use of the MMPI—A to Assess Personality of Juvenile Male Delinquents Who are Sex Offenders and Nonsex Offenders." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (August 1998): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.115.
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The present study investigated the relationship between offender type and personality in 21 juvenile males adjudicated for crimes of a sexual nature and 30 juvenile males adjudicated for nonsexual offenses including Possession of Narcotics, Burglary, Criminal Mischief, Assault, and other crimes involving property. Subjects who were aged 13 to 17 years (mean age 15) and committed to the State of Connecticut, Long Lane School, were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A). Scores on Psychopathic Deviate and Schizophrenia scales contributed most to the juveniles being classified as sex offenders, whereas scores on Hysteria and Psychasthenia contributed primarily to subjects being classified as nonsex offenders. A single discriminant function attained statistical significance, thereby correctly classifying 77% of the nonsex offenders and 71% of the sex offenders. Results indicate that sex offenders may be distinguished from nonsex offenders according to clinical scales of the MMPI–A.
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Griffiths, Mark D., and Nigel Hunt. "Dependence on Computer Games by Adolescents." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (April 1998): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.475.
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As computer game playing is a popular activity among adolescents, a questionnaire study was undertaken with 387 adolescents (12–16 years of age) to establish their “dependence” using a scale adapted from the DSM-III-R criteria for pathological gambling. Analysis indicated that one in five adolescents were currently “dependent” upon computer games. Boys played significantly more regularly than girls and were more likely to be classified as “dependent.” The earlier children began playing computer games it appeared the more likely they were to be playing at “dependent” levels. These and other results are discussed in relation to research on other gaming dependencies.
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Mayer, John D., and Kevin M. Carlsmith. "Eminence Rankings of Personality Psychologists as a Reflection of the Field." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, no. 7 (July 1997): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297237004.
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The eminence of scholars within a given field can reveal which conceptual work and scientific methods in the field are most prized and valued. The authors follow procedures employed in other disciplines to calculate the eminence of personality psychologists for the first time. The top 60 individuals are classified according to rank, years of productivity, and type of research. The authors found two distinct rankings of eminent individuals depending on the type of textbook surveyed and found that the ranking of eminence overlaps clinical psychology more than social psychology. These and other results are used to discuss the nature of personality psychology today.
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Adler, Donna, and James H. Price. "Relation of Agoraphobics' Health Locus of Control Orientation to Severity of Agoraphobia." Psychological Reports 56, no. 2 (April 1985): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.2.619.
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77 agoraphobics and 77 nonagoraphobics completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale in a true-false response format. The agoraphobics scored high on subscales of both internal and chance health locus of control. The agoraphobics were classified into four levels (severe, moderate, mild, and cured) assessed by self-report, which indicated severe agoraphobics were more oriented toward a chance health locus of control than were those at other levels.
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REITAN, RICHARD. "VÖLKERPSYCHOLOGIEAND THE APPROPRIATION OF “SPIRIT” IN MEIJI JAPAN." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000211.
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Conceptions of Geist (mind/spirit) associated with German Romanticism shaped ideologies of national folk, not only in Europe but elsewhere in the world. In Meiji Japan (1868–1912) psychologists drew upon Volkerpsychologie (folk psychology) and Geist to create a narrative of Japanese folk mind/spirit. Here, spirit functioned as a “hidden essence” which substantiated the integrity of the folk, positioned the folk hierarchically in opposition to other societies, and explained (and presented correctives to) the fragmentation of Japanese society. Japanese psychologists, I argue, appropriated the narrative form of Geist discourse, retaining its ideological power even as they altered its substance by divesting German psychology of its orientalist and Christian content. Attention to Japan's engagement with nineteenth-century German psychology will contribute to a more thorough account of the production of “spirit” in Meiji Japan and to a critique of present-day exclusionary ideologies of Japanese spirit and identity.
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Rehm, Jürgen, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Huan Jiang, Shannon Lange, Maria Neufeld, Robin Room, Sally Casswell, Alexander Tran, and Jakob Manthey. "Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm: The Example of Lithuania, 2000–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052419.
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Due to the high levels of alcohol use, alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease, and detrimental drinking patterns, Lithuania implemented a series of alcohol control policies within a relatively short period of time, between 2008 and 2019. Based on their expected impact on alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable harm, as well as their target population, these policies have been classified using a set of objective criteria and expert opinion. The classification criteria included: positive vs. negative outcomes, mainly immediate vs. delayed outcomes, and general population vs. specific group outcomes. The judgement of the alcohol policy experts converged on the objective criteria, and, as a result, two tiers of intervention were identified: Tier 1—highly effective general population interventions with an anticipated immediate impact; Tier 2—other interventions aimed at the general population. In addition, interventions directed at specific populations were identified. This adaptable methodological approach to alcohol control policy classification is intended to provide guidance and support for the evaluation of alcohol policies elsewhere, to lay the foundation for the critical assessment of the policies to improve health and increase life expectancy, and to reduce crime and violence.
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Adam, Ishag, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Sisay Alemu, Chanaki Amaratunga, Roberto Amato, Voahangy Andrianaranjaka, Nicholas M. Anstey, et al. "An open dataset of Plasmodium vivax genome variation in 1,895 worldwide samples." Wellcome Open Research 7 (April 14, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17795.1.
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This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of Plasmodium vivax collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partner studies in addition to previously published samples from these and other sources. We provide genotype calls at over 4.5 million variable positions including over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as short indels and tandem duplications. This enlarged dataset highlights major compartments of parasite population structure, with clear differentiation between Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Western Asia and different parts of Southeast Asia. Each sample has been classified for drug resistance to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine based on known markers at the dhfr, dhps and mdr1 loci. The prevalence of all of these resistance markers was much higher in Southeast Asia and Oceania than elsewhere. This open resource of analysis-ready genome variation data from the MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN networks is driven by our collective goal to advance research into the complex biology of P. vivax and to accelerate genomic surveillance for malaria control and elimination.