Journal articles on the topic 'Other manufacturing not elsewhere classified'
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Garanča, Biruta. "THE STRUCTURE OF MACHINERY BUILDING IN LATGALE AND PERSPECTIVES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2009vol1.1.1761.
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The financial facility of development of machinery building in Latgale is expected in manufacturing of electrical and optical equipment and in production of metal and metal ware. At present the proportion of production of leading machinery and equipment non-classified elsewhere, as well as of production of transport means has a tendency to reduce and also they have lesser probability to manage the financial crisis.
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García-Domínguez, A., Mariano Marcos Bárcena, and I. Medina. "A Comparison of BPMN 2.0 with other Notations for Manufacturing Processes." Key Engineering Materials 502 (February 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.502.1.
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In order to study their current practices and improve on them, manufacturing firms need to view their processes from several viewpoints at various abstraction levels. Several notations have been developed for this purpose, such as Value Stream Mappings or IDEF models. Recently, the BPMN 2.0 standard from the Object Management Group has been proposed for modeling business processes. A process organizes several activities into a single higher-level entity, which can be reused elsewhere in the organization. Its potential for standardizing business interactions is well-known, but there is little work on using BPMN 2.0 to model manufacturing processes. In this work some of the previous notations are outlined and BPMN 2.0 is positioned among them after discussing it in more depth. Some guidelines on using BPMN 2.0 for manufacturing are offered, and its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the other notations are presented.
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Kopacz, Marek S., Cathleen P. Kane, Brady Stephens, and Wilfred R. Pigeon. "Use ofICD-9-CMDiagnosis Code V62.89 (Other Psychological or Physical Stress, Not Elsewhere Classified) Following a Suicide Attempt." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500302.
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Farid, A. M., and D. C. McFarlane. "Production degrees of freedom as manufacturing system reconfiguration potential measures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 222, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1056.
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In recent years, many design approaches have been developed for automated manufacturing systems in the fields of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), holonic manufacturing systems (HMSs), and multi-agent systems (MASs). One of the principle reasons for these developments has been to enhance the reconfigurability of a manufacturing system, allowing it to adapt readily to changes over time. However, to date, reconfigurability assessment has been limited. Hence, the efficacy of these design approaches remains inconclusive. This paper is the first of two in this issue to address reconfigurability measurement. Specifically, it seeks to address ‘reconfiguration potential’ by analogy. Mechanical degrees of freedom have been used in the field of mechanics as a means of determining the independent directions of motion of a mechanical system. By analogy, manufacturing degrees of freedom can be used to determine independent ways of production. Furthermore, manufacturing degrees of freedom can be classified into their production and product varieties. This paper specifically focuses on the former to measure the product-independent aspects of manufacturing system ‘reconfiguration potential’. This approach will be added to complementary work on the measurement of ‘reconfiguration ease’ so as to form an integrated reconfigurability measurement process described elsewhere [1—5].
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Bennett, David. "Future challenges for manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 25, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-10-2013-0153.
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Purpose – This Editorial Viewpoint explores what changes are taking place in manufacturing technology management with the aim of identifying future challenges that should be represented in the scope of JMTM. Design/methodology/approach – The viewpoints use an analysis of relevant articles in JMTM, published since 2007, which have focused on future challenges for manufacturing. It also draws on two recent reports. Findings – While the analysis confirms the inclusion of some subjects already in the journal scope, there are elsewhere gaps that merit it being expanded. Research limitations/implications – Evidence for the findings is only from a limited number of articles identified in this journal together supplemented by other secondary sources. Practical implications – There are implications for practice concerning the future of manufacturing from the analysis and the sources used, especially the reports. Originality/value – Although it has limitations, the article is based on original bibliographic research.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.
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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
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Sweeney, Vincent P., Adele D. Sadovnick, and Vilma Brandejs. "Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100035782.
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ABSTRACT:A province wide prevalence study on multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in British Columbia (B.C.). The prevalence date was July 1, 1982. The major portion of this study was a review of all the files of neurologists practicing in B.C. as this was judged to be the most accurate source for identifying MS patients. 239,412 neurologists' files were hand searched by one researcher using modified Schumacher criteria for classification. Other sources used during the study for identifying MS patients were the MS Clinic, general practitioners, ophthalmologists, urologists, specialized facilities such as long term care facilities and rehabilitation centres, and patient self-referrals.A total of 4,620 non-duplicated cases were identified and classified. 4,112 of these (89%) were classified according to information contained in neurologists' records.The prevalence estimate for definite/probable MS in B.C. was 93.3/100,000 population. This increased to 130.5/100,000 population if possible MS and optic neuritis were also included. These rates are among the highest reported in Canada or elsewhere. The cooperation of B.C. neurologists made this study unique in its scope and accuracy of diagnosis.
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Barff, R., and J. Austen. "‘It's Gotta Be Da Shoes’: Domestic Manufacturing, International Subcontracting, and the Production of Athletic Footwear." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 8 (August 1993): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251103.
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An apparent paradox exists in the geography of athletic footwear production. The industry is highly labor intensive; it is also locationally volatile. Although most production now takes place in Southeast Asia, the United States nevertheless still contains significant enclaves of athletic footwear production. Moreover, the cheapest shoes continue to be produced in the United States whereas more complex, expensive models tend to be manufactured in Asia. To understand this geography, we must move beyond the basic consideration of international labor-cost differentials. By means of two case studies, it is shown that domestic production involves very different labor processes from those of production based in other countries and, like many other sectors of the economy, domestic producers gain advantage by carrying smaller inventories through faster lead times. The best explanation, though, centers on the shoes themselves. Athletic shoes produced in the United States tend to have many fewer stitches in them than those manufactured elsewhere, which minimizes the most expensive component of the production process. Furthermore, tariffs on athletic shoes massively discriminate against imported shoes of a particular construction.
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Nagy, Barnabás. "A Mecsek Orthoptera faunájának jellegzetes vonásai." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 9 (2006): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2006.9.153.
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The Mecsek Mts and the Villány Hills represent the most southern (low)mountain region of Hungary. Here 63 grasshopper species were detected (=51,6% of the total Hungarian Orthoptera fauna), however, several in Hungary elsewhere common species were not found. High percentage of some Mediterranean, Balkan and other, elsewhere in Hungary rare or missing Orthoptera species (as e.g. Poecilimon fussi, Poecilimon intermedius, Isophya costata, I. modestior, I. modesta, I. camptoxypha, Sagapedo, Odontopodisma decipiens, O. schmidtii, Aiolopus strepens, Acrotylus insubricus, etc.), are characteristic to this fauna and to these grasshopper assemblages. The joint and frequent occurrence of bigger, mostly predaceous decticines (3 Pholidoptera spp., Pachytrachis gracilis, Pterolepis germanica) is also remarkable. Species being under legislative nature protection in Hungary amounted to 10 taxons (=15,9 %) in the Mecsek, - among them with two sub-endemics for the Carpathian Basin: Isophya costata and /. camptoxypha. However, during the last decades some flightless phaneropterids (/. modesta, I. camptoxypha, I. modestior) seem to have suffered local extiction around settlements due to the urbanization pressure. Species occurring in the Mecsek Mts were classified according to their phenology. The northernmost sites of the area of Aiolopus strepens - the adults overwinter - were detected in the Mecsek. Places of occurrence of rare and protected species {Isophya spp., Poecilimon intermedius, Aiolopus strepens) are endangered by habitat destruction, especially around the city Pécs, that is extending to parts of the southern slopes of the Misina Mt (535 m).
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Paltridge, Rachel. "The diets of cats, foxes and dingoes in relation to prey availability in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00010.
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In most areas of Australia, mammals constitute the staple diets of cats, foxes and dingoes. In central Australia the abundance of mammals is often too low to meet the dietary requirements of these carnivores and yet populations of cats, foxes and dingoes persist. To investigate alternative feeding strategies of cats, foxes and dingoes in arid environments, their diets were monitored in relation to prey availability in two areas of the Tanami Desert where rabbits do not occur. Dietary information was obtained by analysing predator scats collected between 1995 and 1997. Prey availability was monitored by track counts, pitfall trapping, Elliott trapping, and bird counts along walked transects. In contrast to dietary studies elsewhere in Australia, it was found that reptiles were an important component of the diets of predators in the Tanami Desert, and should be classified as seasonal staples. Birds increased in importance in the diets of cats and foxes during the winter, when reptiles were less active. There was considerable overlap between the diets of all three predators, although dingoes ate more large prey items (e.g.�macropods) than the other two predators. Results highlight the opportunistic feeding habits of cats, foxes and dingoes and show that, although mammalian prey are less important in central Australia than has been found elsewhere, species that are vulnerable to extinction, such as the bilby (Macrotis lagotis), mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) and marsupial mole (Notoryctes typhlops), are also consumed by these predators.
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Dobrova, O. P. "THE TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING GLASS BEADS AT GNEZDOVO, SMOLENSK REGION." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.2.100-105.
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Over 12 thousand glass beads have been excavated from medieval burials at Gnezdovo. Most fall in nine technological groups similar to those in a collection from the earthen ramparts of Staraya Ladoga. At Gnezdovo, however, hitherto unknown types were found, such as those represented by isolated specimens formed from lumps of molten glass. A few beads appear to have been made on a mold; those with transverse striation had been welded from several pieces. The latter resemble Greek and Roman era specimens from the Northern Pontic region. For the fi rst time in Old Rus, glass beads with a copper pipe are described. This is a rare technique, also practiced in Central Europe. Numerous specimens from Gnezdovo are two-layered, others are made from a pipe, from a rod, mosaic, or curled. Some experts argued that the use of pipe as a core is motivated by the economy of paste of which beads were made. Pipe cores in cobalt beads might facilitate shaping. Since cobalt-colored beads and bracelets were popular in AD 800–1100, economy cannot provide a universal explanation. The fact that other materials, such as copper and ceramics, were also used is another proof thereof. Generally, such beads are rare not only in Gnezdovo but elsewhere in Kievan Rus as well.
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O'Regan, Patrick W., Jennifer M. Ní Mhuircheartaigh, Timothy G. Scanlon, and Martin J. Shelly. "Radiology of the Mesentery." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35, no. 04 (July 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744481.
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AbstractThe recent description and re-classification of the mesentery as an organ prompted renewed interest in its role in physiological and pathological processes. With an improved understanding of its anatomy, accurately and reliably assessing the mesentery with non-invasive radiological investigation becomes more feasible.Multi-detector computed tomography is the main radiological modality employed to assess the mesentery due to its speed, widespread availability, and diagnostic accuracy.Pathologies affecting the mesentery can be classified as primary or secondary mesenteropathies. Primary mesenteropathies originate in the mesentery and subsequently progress to involve other organ systems (e.g., mesenteric ischemia or mesenteric volvulus). Secondary mesenteropathies describe disease processes that originate elsewhere and progress to involve the mesentery with varying degrees of severity (e.g., lymphoma).The implementation of standardized radiological imaging protocols, nomenclature, and reporting format with regard to the mesentery will be essential in improving the assessment of mesenteric anatomy and various mesenteropathies.In this article, we describe and illustrate the current state of art in respect of the radiological assessment of the mesentery.
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Hoffmann, A. A., and M. Turelli. "Unidirectional incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: inheritance, geographic variation and fitness effects." Genetics 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.435.
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Abstract In California, Drosophila simulans females from some populations (type W) produce relatively few adult progeny when crossed to males from some other populations (type R), but the productivity of the reciprocal cross is comparable to within-population controls. These two incompatibility types are widespread in North America and are also present elsewhere. Both types sometimes occur in the same population. Type R females always produce type R progeny irrespective of the father's type. However, matings between R males and females from stocks classified as type W produce type R progeny at low frequency. This suggests rare paternal transmission of the R incompatibility type, as we have found no evidence for segregation of incompatibility types in the W stocks. There is quantitative variation among type R lines for compatibility with W females, but not vice versa. Population cage studies and productivity tests suggest that deleterious side effects are associated with the type R cytoplasm.
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Yajima, Y., and Y. Takahashi. "Lorentz And Interference Electron Microscopy On A Scanning Tem." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013519.
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Magnetic imaging can be performed both on conventional (projection) and scanning TEM (CTEM/STEM). The CTEM-based magnetic imaging, classified into Fresnel, Foucault, holography, and other modes, has proven successful by now in observing various magnetic objects, and has accordingly been well documented elsewhere. The STEMbased one has emerged relatively recently prompted by the rapid growth of current STEM technology.The most ubiquitous implementation of Lorentz microscopy on a STEM is the differential phase contrast (DPC) mode. Each scanning signal obtained in the DPC mode is linear to Lorentz deflection, thus reflects the magnitude of an in-plane component of magnetic induction integrated along the optical axis(Fig.l). The signals therefore suffice to generate integrated in-plane magnetic induction maps(Fig.2). Furthermore, by making use of the fact that the Lorentz deflection distribution across the image plane forms an irrotational (vortex-free) 2D vector field, a pertinent numerical image processing yields a function equivalent to the electron phase function representing magnetically distorted electron wavefront.
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Samudro, Bhimo Rizky, and Yogi Pasca Pratama. "ANALISIS KINERJA INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI JAWA TENGAH: APLIKASI DEA MODEL VRS." eBA Journal: Journal Economics, Bussines and Accounting 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/eba.v4i1.539.
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This study aims to estimate the level of efficiency of the manufacturing industry in Central Java Province. The position of the manufacturing industry in Central Java between two clusters of Jakarta-Bandung and Surabaya were the justification for the urgency of this research. The concept of relative efficiency with format Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) was used as the theoretical framework of this research. The concept was applied by the method of Data Envelopment analysis (DEA) to describe the level of efficiency of the manufacturing industry sub-sector in Central Java province in 2016. The study also describes a way of increasing efficiency in production output for the manufacturing sub-sector classified as inefficient. DEA model used in this study is the CRS and VRS with the orientation of the output (output-oriented)The results of this study indicate that the apparel sub-sector; wood and processing; machinery and equipment; as well as furniture and processing is a sub-sector of manufacturing industry in Central Java in 2016 were classified as inefficient. Sub sectors using too much input unit, thus creating inefficient production levels relative to other sub-sectors.
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Parra, Giovanni, Joshua Komathy, Gregory J. Clement, and Richard P. Anderson. "Substations in Classified Locations: Integration of Pressurization Requirements With Other Supporting Systems." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2020.3024478.
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Ben-Tovim, David I., Jane E. Bassham, Denise Bolch, Margaret A. Martin, Melissa Dougherty, and Michael Szwarcbord. "Lean thinking across a hospital: redesigning care at the Flinders Medical Centre." Australian Health Review 31, no. 1 (2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070010.
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Lean thinking is a method for organising complex production processes so as to encourage flow and reduce waste. While the principles of lean thinking were developed in the manufacturing sector, there is increasing interest in its application in health care. This case history documents the introduction and development of Redesigning Care, a lean thinking-based program to redesign care processes across a teaching general hospital. Redesigning Care has produced substantial benefits over the first two-and-a-half years of its implementation, making care both safer and more accessible. Redesigning Care has not been aimed at changing the specifics of clinical practice. Rather, it has been concerned with improving the flow of patients through clinical and other systems. Concepts that emerged in the manufacturing sector have been readily translatable into health care. Lean thinking may play an important role in the reform of health care in Australia and elsewhere.
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Mugova, Shame, and Paul R. Sachs. "Corporate governance, structure and accountability as affected by national government infrastructure in developing countries." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 4 (2016): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4c1p7.
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Businesses in developing countries face different challenges than those in economically developed countries. Markets and supply chains are less well-established. Dissemination of information is uneven. Because governmental infrastructure has limited ability to support business operations, businesses take on responsibilities that elsewhere are handled by a central government. This study reviews key elements of corporate governance. The study then reviews the banking and manufacturing sectors in Zimbabwe with attention to the presence or absence of financial infrastructure, legal infrastructure, market challenges, supply chain and government involvement to support corporate governance structures and systems. Recommendations for policy and practice changes are recommended. The present analysis of Zimbabwe can guide research on and policy recommendations for governance in other developing countries
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Sun, J. K., Zhao Qian Li, Chuan Zhen Huang, and Qi Gao. "Framework and Modeling of Networked Manufacturing for Automobile Die." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.30.
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To improve the collaboration efficiency of the networked manufacturing coalition for automobile die enterprise, the networked manufacturing system framework is put forward. Then the information model, resource model and organization structure model are studied one of the other. The information model contains three layers lengthways and the product lifecycle is divided into 5 stages on landscape; for the resource model, the resource is classified and described, the relationship between resource entities is analyzed. The participants of each member enterprise are grouped according to the task relevance in organization structure model, and collaborative discussion center is constructed for the participants to communicate. On the basis, the workflow model is then discussed, the activity in business process is described with UML, then the UML activity diagram is transformed to Petri net graph, thus the workflow model can be diagnosed and analyzed.
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Osman, Azim Azuan, Abdul Aziz Othman, and Mohd Kamarul Irwan Abdul Rahim. "LEAN MANUFACTURING ADOPTION IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Supply Chain, Operation Management and Logistics 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 01–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijscol.11001.
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The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic literature review (SLR) on lean manufacturing (LM) adoption in Malaysia while highlighting research trends and gaps from this literature. The SLR involved analysing 163 scholarly articles from international journals and conference proceedings published between the year 2005 to 2019. The articles are classified as literature review, conceptual paper, case study, and survey research. These articles were also grouped into nine meaningful research themes, named: (1) lean definitions, (2) sustaining lean adoption, (3) motivations to adopt lean, (4) lean benefits, (5) results from lean adoption, (6) lean implementation barriers, (7) lean success factors, (8) lean implementation/ assessment models, and (9) lean integration with other management practices. The review findings shall help scholars and practitioners to identify research opportunities, design their future studies and/or implementation strategies, accordingly.
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OKON, Enoch Ndem. "MALI: ECOWAS RESPONSES TO THE CONFLICT IN MALI (2012-2021)." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 37 (October 5, 2021): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.37.3.
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"This paper highlights the Economic Community of West African States [ECOWAS] mode of response to the Malian conflict between 2012 and 2021 and identifies various gaps therein. It seeks to explain why ECOWAS has found it difficult to resolve the Malian conflict in spite of its commitment and experience in conflict resolution in the subregion. Secondary data are used for the study and presented qualitatively. The study reveals that the towering interest of Algeria and other neighbors in the chaotic northern Mali, as well as French interest in its former colony hindered ECOWAS initiative and its effectiveness in resolving the conflict. The paper recommends ECOWAS’ involvement in negotiations at the next peace agreement, and the drawing up of a roadmap for implementing such agreement. Besides, ECOWAS needs to address governance deficits in Mali and elsewhere in the subregion through peer review mechanism and increase its capacity to respond to violent conflicts beyond microstates and Anglophone enclaves in the region. Keywords: ECOWAS, Malian conflict, military coup, Tuareg, Jihad."
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Sarika, H.-L., A. Papathoma, M. Garofalaki, K. Saltiki, T. Pappa, K. Pazaitou-Panayiotou, E. Anastasiou, and M. Alevizaki. "Genetic screening of patients with medullary thyroid cancer in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades." European Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 4 (April 2015): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0817.
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ObjectiveMutations in theRETgene are responsible for hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and may vary between ethnic groups. We report the spectrum of mutations detected in patients with MTC in a referral center in Greece.Patients and methodsScreening forRETmutations was performed in 313 subjects from 188 unrelated families: 51 patients had clinical suspicion for familial disease, 133 were apparently sporadic, four patients had only C cell hyperplasia, and 125 were family members. Exons 8, 10, 11, and 13–16 were screened.ResultsA total of 58 individuals (30.85%) wereRETmutations carriers, 120 (63.8%) were finally classified as sporadic, 13 apparently sporadic cases (9.8%) were identified withRETmutation: ten carried the exon 8 at codon 533 mutation (previously reported), two the exon 14 at codon 804 mutation, and one the exon 13 at codon 768 mutation. Six patients (3.19%) with clinical features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and negative forRETmutations were classified as ‘unknown cause’. The mutations of hereditary cases were as follows: 21 cases (36.2%) in exon 8 codon 533, 19 (32.8%) in exon 11 codon 634, nine (15.5%) in exon 10, five (8.6%) in exon 16, three (5.2%) in exon 14 codon 804, and one in exon 13 codon 768 (1.7%).ConclusionThe spectrum ofRETmutations in Greece differs from that in other populations and the prevalence of familial cases is higher. The exon 8 (Gly533Cys) mutation was the most prevalent in familial cases unlike other series, followed by exon 11 (codon 634) mutations which are the most frequent elsewhere. The wide application of genetic screening in MTC reveals new molecular defects and helps to characterize the spectrum of mutations in each ethnic group.
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Singh, Rajenda, and Richard K. Ulrich. "High and Low Dielectric Constant Materials." Electrochemical Society Interface 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f06992if.
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Silicon-based dielectrics (SiO2, Si3N4, SiOxNy etc.) have been widely used as the key dielectrics in the manufacturing of silicon integrated circuits (ICs) and virtually all other semiconductor devices. Dielectrics having a value of dielectric constant k × 8.854 F/cm more than that of silicon nitride (k > 7) are classified as high dielectric constant materials, while those with a value of k less than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide (k < 3.9) are classified as the low dielectric constant materials. The minimum value of (k) is one for air. The highest value of k has been reported for relaxor ferroelectric (k = 24,700 at 1 kHz).
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Dakskobler, Igor, and Jernej Peljhan. "Viola Pyrenaica Ramond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0009-5.
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Viola PyrenaicaRamond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)The article describes new localities of a south-European montane speciesViola pyrenaicain the Julian Alps and in the Trnovski gozd and Nanos plateaus (the northern part of the Dinaric mountains). It has been established that in the localities known so far in Slovenia, the species grows on similar sites as elsewhere in the Alps and other mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, above all on overgrown screes, stony grasslands, on forest edges, in light forests on stony ground and in tall herb communities on calcareous bedrock in the submontane, montane and subalpine belt (450 to 1600 m a.s.l.). The floristic composition of the communities in which it grows is presented in four tables. On the Trnovski gozd plateau it was found in various successional stages of abandoned pastures or grasslands of the associationGenisto sericeae-Seslerietum kalnikensisand in open coppice stands of hop hornbeam and flowering ash, which are classified into the associationSeslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae.
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De Carlo, D., L. Dal Zotto, E. Perissinotto, L. Gallo, M. Gatta, U. Balottin, G. Mazzotta, et al. "Osmophobia in migraine classification: A multicentre study in juvenile patients." Cephalalgia 30, no. 12 (March 26, 2010): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410362928.
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Aims: This study was planned to investigate the diagnostic utility of osmophobia as criterion for migraine without aura (MO) as proposed in the Appendix (A1.1) of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II, 2004). Methods: We analysed 1020 patients presenting at 10 Italian juvenile headache centres, 622 affected by migraine (M) and 328 by tension-type headache (TTH); 70 were affected by headache not elsewhere classified (NEC) in ICHD-II. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the prevalence of osmophobia was 26.9%, significantly higher in M than TTH patients (34.6% vs 14.3%). Results: Osmophobia was correlated with: (i) family history of M and osmophobia; and (ii) other accompanying symptoms of M. By applying these ‘new’ criteria, we found an agreement with the current criteria for the diagnosis of migraine without aura (MO) in 96.2% of cases; 54.3% of previously unclassifiable patients received a ‘new’ diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that this new approach, proposed in the Appendix (A1.1), appears easy to apply and should improve the diagnostic standard of ICHD-II in young patients too.
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Galbraith, James K., Sara Hsu, and Wenjie Zhang. "Beijing Bubble, Beijing Bust: Inequality, Trade, and Capital Inflow into China." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 38, no. 2 (June 2009): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800201.
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This paper explores the relationships between inequality, trade, and capital flows into China since the early 1990s and particularly in the first years of the present decade. We show that the rise in economic inequality in China has more to do directly with the activities associated with China's financial and building boom, notably in Beijing, than with the massive growth in manufacturing employment and in Chinese exports since China joined the WTO in 2001. Nevertheless, it is likely that a flow of profits from the export boom did feed the speculative fires in the capital and elsewhere, and therefore it should be no surprise that the fall of one should be linked to the fall of the other, in a particularly painful reduction of economic inequality.
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Kline, Patrick, and Enrico Moretti. "Local Economic Development, Agglomeration Economies, and the Big Push: 100 Years of Evidence from the Tennessee Valley Authority *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 275–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt034.
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Abstract We study the long-run effects of one of the most ambitious regional development programs in U.S. history: the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Using as controls authorities that were proposed but never approved by Congress, we find that the TVA led to large gains in agricultural employment that were eventually reversed when the program’s subsidies ended. Gains in manufacturing employment, by contrast, continued to intensify well after federal transfers had lapsed—a pattern consistent with the presence of agglomeration economies in manufacturing. Because manufacturing paid higher wages than agriculture, this shift raised aggregate income in the TVA region for an extended period of time. Economists have long cautioned that the local gains created by place-based policies may be offset by losses elsewhere. We develop a structured approach to assessing the TVA’s aggregate consequences that is applicable to other place-based policies. In our model, the TVA affects the national economy both directly through infrastructure improvements and indirectly through agglomeration economies. The model’s estimates suggest that the TVA’s direct investments yielded a significant increase in national manufacturing productivity, with benefits exceeding the program’s costs. However, the program’s indirect effects appear to have been limited: agglomeration gains in the TVA region were offset by losses in the rest of the country. Spillovers in manufacturing appear to be the rare example of a localized market failure that cancels out in the aggregate.
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Tanjung, Sean Yonathan, Kresnayana Yahya, and Siana Halim. "Predicting the Readiness of Indonesia Manufacturing Companies toward Industry 4.0." Jurnal Teknik Industri 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jti.23.1.1-10.
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This research discusses Indonesia's readiness to implement industry 4.0. We classified the Indonesia manufacturing companies' readiness, which is listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, in industry 4.0 based on the 2018 annual reports. We considered 38 variables from those reports and reduced them using principal component analysis into 11 variables. Using clustering analysis on the reduced dataset, we found three clusters representing the readiness level in implementing industry 4.0. Finally, we used the decision tree for analysing the classification rules. As the finding of this study, Total book value of the machine is the variable that defined the readiness of a company in industry 4.0. The bigger those values are, the more ready a company to compete in industry 4.0. The other measures, i.e., Total cost of revenue by total revenue; Direct labor cost; Total revenue/Total employee and Transportation cost/Total revenue, will define the readiness of a manufacturing company to transform into industry 4.0. or not ready to transform into industry 4.0.
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Flynn, N., and A. Taylor. "Inside the Rust Belt: An Analysis of the Decline of the West Midlands Economy. 2: Corporate Strategies and Economic Change." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 8 (August 1986): 999–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a180999.
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The economy of the West Midlands Region of England is dominated by a small number of large manufacturing companies. The analysis of the economy in this paper focuses on the corporate strategies of the twenty-six largest manufacturing companies in the region. It is shown that there has been a transformation of the companies from producers of low value-added commodity-type products in the 1960s, is also shown to more diversified companies competing in higher value-added sectors. It also shows that these major companies have shifted their orientation from the old Empire markets towards Europe and North America. The companies have reduced their production costs by rationalising their manufacturing processes, and in some cases by establishing manufacturing plants in other countries. However, the main motive for shifting production from the United Kingdom has been to produce closer to the final markets, rather than cost reduction. The main method which companies have used to become more diversified has been acquisitions. Companies have bought all or parts of companies which were already established in the sectors into which they wanted to move. Since such companies were rarely located within the region, the regional impact of these changes has been largely negative: the plants which were engaged in the declining sectors have been in the West Midlands, whereas the growth sectors have been located elsewhere, either in other regions of the United Kingdom or abroad. The conclusion is that the West Midlands manufacturing companies have responded to the changing world economic conditions and the recent recession in a positive way, but that their reactions have produced a permanent reduction in manufacturing employment in the region. Even a strong national recovery from recession will not produce a significant increase in local employment in these companies.
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Rehm, Jürgen, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Huan Jiang, Shannon Lange, Maria Neufeld, Robin Room, Sally Casswell, Alexander Tran, and Jakob Manthey. "Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm: The Example of Lithuania, 2000–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052419.
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Due to the high levels of alcohol use, alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease, and detrimental drinking patterns, Lithuania implemented a series of alcohol control policies within a relatively short period of time, between 2008 and 2019. Based on their expected impact on alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable harm, as well as their target population, these policies have been classified using a set of objective criteria and expert opinion. The classification criteria included: positive vs. negative outcomes, mainly immediate vs. delayed outcomes, and general population vs. specific group outcomes. The judgement of the alcohol policy experts converged on the objective criteria, and, as a result, two tiers of intervention were identified: Tier 1—highly effective general population interventions with an anticipated immediate impact; Tier 2—other interventions aimed at the general population. In addition, interventions directed at specific populations were identified. This adaptable methodological approach to alcohol control policy classification is intended to provide guidance and support for the evaluation of alcohol policies elsewhere, to lay the foundation for the critical assessment of the policies to improve health and increase life expectancy, and to reduce crime and violence.
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Adam, Ishag, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Sisay Alemu, Chanaki Amaratunga, Roberto Amato, Voahangy Andrianaranjaka, Nicholas M. Anstey, et al. "An open dataset of Plasmodium vivax genome variation in 1,895 worldwide samples." Wellcome Open Research 7 (April 14, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17795.1.
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This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of Plasmodium vivax collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partner studies in addition to previously published samples from these and other sources. We provide genotype calls at over 4.5 million variable positions including over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as short indels and tandem duplications. This enlarged dataset highlights major compartments of parasite population structure, with clear differentiation between Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Western Asia and different parts of Southeast Asia. Each sample has been classified for drug resistance to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine based on known markers at the dhfr, dhps and mdr1 loci. The prevalence of all of these resistance markers was much higher in Southeast Asia and Oceania than elsewhere. This open resource of analysis-ready genome variation data from the MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN networks is driven by our collective goal to advance research into the complex biology of P. vivax and to accelerate genomic surveillance for malaria control and elimination.
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Boberg, Charles. "The emergence of a new phoneme: Foreign (a) in Canadian English." Language Variation and Change 21, no. 3 (October 2009): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394509990172.
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AbstractThe nativization or phonological adaptation of words transferred from other languages can have structural-phonological consequences for the recipient language. In English, nativization of words in which the stressed vowel is spelled with the letter <a>, here called “foreign (a)” words, leads to variable outcomes, because English <a> represents not one but three phonemes. The most common outcomes historically have been /ey/ (as inpotato), /æ/ (tobacco), and /ah/ (spa), but vowel choice shows diachronic, social, and regional variation, including systematic differences between major national dialects. British English uses /ah/ for long vowels and /æ/ elsewhere, American English prefers /ah/ everywhere, whereas Canadian English traditionally prefers /æ/. The Canadian pattern is now changing, with younger speakers adopting American /ah/-variants. This article presents new data on foreign (a) in Canadian English, confirming the use of /ah/ among younger speakers, but finds that some outcomes cannot be classified as either /æ/ or /ah/. A third, phonetically intermediate outcome is often observed. Acoustic analysis confirms the extraphonemic status of these outcomes, which may constitute a new low-central vowel phoneme in Canadian English.
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EVANS, J., J. BARBARA, and P. J. SCHEMBRI. "Updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1064.
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An updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands is presented on account of new records and amendments to a previous review in 2007. Species were classified according to their establishment status (‘Questionable’, ‘Casual’, ‘Established’, ‘Invasive’) and origin (‘Alien’, ‘Range expansion’, ‘Cryptogenic’). A total of 31 species were added to the inventory, while 6 species have been removed, bringing the total number of species to 73. Of these, 66 are considered to be aliens (or putative aliens but with uncertain origin) with the remaining 7 resulting from range expansion. Six records are considered to be questionable and hence unverified. For verified records, the dominant taxonomic groups are Mollusca (represented by 21 species) and Actinopterygii (15 species), followed by Crustacea (8 species) and Rhodophyta (7 species). Eight of these species (aliens: Caulerpa cylindracea, Lophocladia lallemandi, Womersleyella setacea, Brachidontes pharaonis, Percnon gibbesi, Fistularia commersonii, Siganus luridus; range extender: Sphoeroides pachygaster) are considered to be invasive. The introduction pathway for 30 species is unknown. Amongst the alien species, ‘Shipping’ is the most common introduction pathway, followed by ‘Secondary dispersal’ from elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. An increasing trend in the number of alien marine species reported from the Maltese Islands is evident, with a peak of 22 species recorded during the last decade (2001–2010). A discussion on the rationale for including range-expanding species in national inventories of recent arrivals, and in the analysis of trends in records from the Maltese Islands, is included. In particular, the general warming trend of Mediterranean surface waters appears to be facilitating the westward spread of thermophilic alien species from the Eastern to the Central Mediterranean, and the eastward range expansion of tropical and subtropical Eastern Atlantic species.
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Suriyanti, S. N. P., and G. Usup. "Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine diatom Nitzschia dentatum sp. nov. and N. johorensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Malaysia." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v24i2.35114.
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The marine diatom Nitzschia dentatum sp. nov. isolated from seawater samples of Kudat and N. johorensis sp. nov. isolated from beach sand samples of Sibu Island, Malaysia, have been described in this paper. Morphological identification, molecular phylogeny and toxin analyses were executed on the pure non-axenic algal cultures designated as KD89 and PS8, respectively. The main distinguishing feature of N. dentatum sp. nov. compared to other species is the jaggedcingulum structure which is only unique to this species. Meanwhile, N. johorensis sp. nov.is strongly characterized by the ‘hantzschioid’and ‘nitzschioid’ symmetry dimorphisms; a common diagnostic feature but rarely described in other Nitzschia species. Identification of both strains was made based on the frustule diagnostic features and verified using the partial large ribosomal subunit DNA sequences. The results have confirmed that these two speciesare independent entities and novel species that have not been documented elsewhere. A notable finding from the Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Index (BI) analyses have also revealed that Nitzschia species that have indentation in the middle of valves have been consistently grouped as same clade with high bootstrap values. The extracts of both species did not show detectable amount of domoicacid and have therefore, been classified as non-toxic. This discovery contributes to the documentation of Nitzschia species worldwide.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 183–196.
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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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Jung, Juyoung, Jin-Hwan Hong, Jeewoong Suk, Hyunsoon Park, and Byoungdeog Choi. "Maximizing the Productivity of Photolithography Equipment by Machine Learning Based on Time Analytics." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168003.
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Maximizing productivity is one of the most critical factors for competitiveness in the manufacturing industry. Needless to say, the semiconductor industry, in which the automation rate is relatively high and the manufacturing process continues 24 h a day, requires high productivity to be maintained. This paper is about a model that analyzes the cause of an increase in time needed for the whole photolithography process and automatically classifies it in real-time by machine learning. The time analytics model based on a k-means algorithm divides the processing time into four hundred detailed time steps and classifies causes through normalizing and clustering processes. Further, true/false measures of performance were employed based on the confusion matrix. To increase the accuracy of the model, the classified cause becomes a source for creating a new algorithm that can detect problems quickly and accurately. A small number of wafers that the system has failed to classify has accumulated in the database to increase the frequency of occurrence. As a result of evaluating the time analytics model in the photolithography extreme ultraviolet (EUV) equipment, the model has classified 98.6% of the wafers that exceed the limitation. Continuous updates of new phenomena that will be generated from advanced technologies will be more important than the current classification ability. We are accumulating unclassified data for a sustainable system and will continue to classify by synthesizing new phenomena. Data classified in real-time with high accuracy become a steppingstone for maintaining high productivity. Production equipment and processes are developed to enhance individual characteristics. Nevertheless, a data mining method that divides the process time can also be widely used in manufacturing processes of other fields.
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Hussaini, Sulaiman, and Gregory Lahrman. "Using Modeling and Simulation in the Manufacturing of Medical Devices." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1032.
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This paper examines the importance of modeling and simulation in manufacturing, specifically medical device manufacturing. While the use of simulation analysis is steadily gaining acceptance in many industries, medical device manufacturers are still apprehensive of its use and value. It is seen as a non-value added approach given the widespread acceptance of other approaches like lean manufacturing, six-sigma, just-in-time manufacturing etc. Here we will explore the potential benefits of simulation in the manufacturing of medical devices and highlight how it can complement the other process improvement approaches and techniques. When a valid and credible model of a system is established it can be a very effective tool which manufacturers can use to address numerous challenges they face every day - broadly classified into Resource Allocation, Performance Evaluation and Operations Excellence. For manufacturers who are serious about remaining competitive in the 21st century, they cannot afford to ignore this powerful approach. The industry is well positioned to embrace this technology and can leverage key ingredients from existing systems. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sees a lot of benefit in simulation technology and recommends its use to device manufacturers through a series of guidance documents. The relative benefit of using this approach along with other established approaches of process analyses and improvement like lean cannot be overemphasized. Towards the end of this study, a comprehensive simulation model of case in point manufacturing facility has been developed and its results demonstrate how effective this technology can be in solving real life manufacturing problems in a systematic manner, with a data driven approach.
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Gupta, Rajkumar M. "REVIEW OF MARKETING AUTHORIZATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN INDIA." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 2, no. 4 (February 13, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v2i4.150.
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Marketing authorization of medical devices in India is given under heading “Registration Certificate and it is as per the regulatory processes in other countries. The foreign companies marketing of medical devices require either own office or an agent to receive, store and distribute the devices. The marketing Authorization (Registration Certificate) is considered valid for three years from the date of its issue. Only the Notified Medical Devices, New medical Devices and the devices classified under drug rules require marketing Authorization from DCGI. The other medical devices e.g. Non-notified devices do not require manufacturing, sales, import registration and can be marketed freely.
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Faturohman, Nur Roni, and Wahyu Hidayat Riyanto. "Analisis Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan di Kota Batu Tahun 2012-2018." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi JIE 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jie.v4i1.6661.
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Economic development in Batu City cannot be separated from economic growth, while economic development encourages economic growth and vice versa economic growth accelerates the process of regional development. This study aims to determine the leading economic sectors in Batu City in 2012-2018. The results of the study are based on a combined analysis of Static Location Quotient (SLQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) obtained as sectors that are classified as leading economies, namely agriculture, mining, and fisheries, air procurement, construction, wholesale trade and trade, supply accomodation, real estate and other services. Mainstay economic sectors are the manufacturing sector, electricity and gas procurement, as well as transportation and warehousing. Prospective economic sectors are the information and communication sector, financial services and insurance, government administration, education services, as well as health services and social activities. And the lagging economic sector is the mining sector, and corporate services. Using Shift-Share (SS) analysis, the contributing sector is growing fast and is being developed for the manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, transportation and warehousing sectors, transportation, information and communication, financial services, real estate, corporate services, education services and health services. While the results of the analysis using the Klassen Typology sectors that are classified as fast-moving and fast-growing are the construction sector, wholesale trade and trade, the supply of goods and beverages, communication and information, and other services.
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Zhang, Xinjie, Fansen Kong, Zhiyuan Gu, and Xiao Shen. "Error analysis and optimal design of reduction relay lens for field of view stitching applications." Sensor Review 41, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2020-0070.
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Purpose FOV splicing optical remote sensing instruments have a strict requirement for the focal length consistency of the lens. In conventional optical-mechanical structure design, each optical element is equally distributed with high accuracy and everyone must have a high machining and assembly accuracy. For optical remote sensors with a large number of optical elements, this design brings great difficulties to lens manufacture and alignment. Design/methodology/approach Taking the relay lens in an optical remote sensing instrument with the field of view splicing as an example, errors of the system are redistributed to optical elements. Two optical elements, which have the greatest influence on modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system are mounted with high accuracy centering and the other elements are fixed by gland ring with common machining accuracy. The reduction ratio consistency difference among lenses is compensated by adjusting the optical spacing between the two elements. Findings Based on optical system simulation analysis, the optimized structure can compensate for the difference of reduction ratio among lens by grinding the washer thickness in the range of ±0.37 mm. The test data for the image quality of the lens show that the MTF value declined 0.043 within ±0.4 mm of space change between two barrels. The results indicate that the reduction ratio can be corrected by adjusting the washer thickness and the image quality will not obviously decline. Originality/value This paper confirms that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. In this paper, the optimum structural design of the reduction relay lens for the field of view stitching applications is reported. The method of adjusting washer thickness is applied to compensate for the reduction ratio consistency difference of lenses. The optimized structure also greatly reduces the difficulty of lenses manufacture, alignment and improves the efficiency of assembly.
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Paraje, Guillermo, Daniela Montes de Oca, Juan Marcos Wlasiuk, Mario Canales, and Barry M. Popkin. "Front-of-Pack Labeling in Chile: Effects on Employment, Real Wages, and Firms’ Profits after Three Years of Its Implementation." Nutrients 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020295.
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This study evaluates the impact of Chile’s innovative law on Food Labeling and Advertising, enacted in June 2016, on employment and real wages and profit margins for the food and beverage manufacturing sectors in the 2016–2019 period, using unique company-specific monthly data from Chile’s tax collection agency (measuring aggregate employment, real wages, average size of firms, and gross profit margins of the food and beverage manufacturing sector). Interrupted-time series analyses (ITSA) on administrative data from tax-paying firms was used and compared to synthetic control groups of sectors not affected by the regulations. ITSA results show no effect on aggregate employment nor on the average size of the firms, while they show negligible effects on real wages and gross margin of profits (as proportion of total sales), after the first two stages of the implementation (36 months), despite significant decreases in consumption in certain categories (sugar-sweetened beverages, breakfast cereals, etc.). Despite the large declines found in purchases of unhealthy foods, employment did not change and impacts on other economic outcomes were small. Though Chile’s law, is peculiar there is no reason to believe that if similar regulations were adopted elsewhere, they would have different results.
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Melgar Tísoc, Emiliano R., and Reyna B. Solís Ciriaco. "The Manufacturing Techniques of the Teotihuacan Style Masks from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan." MRS Proceedings 1618 (2014): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.460.
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ABSTRACTAt the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, the archaeologists found hundreds of stone masks considered foreign pieces obtained by commerce, tribute, and pillage. Because of that, they were classified in the main Mesoamerican styles, like the Olmec, Mezcala, Teotihuacan, Mayan, Mixtec and Aztec art. Among them are seven Teotihuacan Style masks found in five offerings. Its presence was explained by other researchers as relics looted by Aztec people from the Teotihuacan site, because the Aztec priests and rulers employed them as sources of power, prestige and mythical links between the City of the Gods and Tenochtitlan. But, are these stone masks from Tenochtitlan really Teotihuacan items? How can we identify which of them came from Teotihuacan and could be relics and which of them not? To solve this problem, we analyze its manufacturing techniques and compare them with lapidary objects from different areas of Teotihuacan, employing experimental archaeology, Optic Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. As results, we identify two technological patterns: five masks share the tools and techniques of Teotihuacan manufactures but two other masks contrast with them. Interestingly, its technology match with the Tenochcan productions, so, both pieces could be recreations crafted by Aztec artisans during the Postclassic times.
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LIPSEY, RICHARD G. "Economic growth related to mutually interdependent institutions and technology." Journal of Institutional Economics 5, no. 3 (October 23, 2009): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990014.
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Abstract:This paper argues that technological advance is a necessary condition for sustained economic growth. Technologies and institutions co-evolve in a system of mutual causation. Although some institutions inhibit growth while others encourage it, no single institution is either necessary or sufficient to produce sustained growth. However, some non-unique bundle of encouraging institutions is necessary. Sustained growth began with the Industrial Revolutions that did not just ‘fall out of the blue’ but were instead the culmination of three trajectories of technological advance in steam power, electric power, and the mechanization of textile manufacturing. These stretched over several centuries. Growth then became sustained when the West ‘invented how to invent’. A necessary condition for the Industrial Revolutions was Western science whose roots lie as far back as the scholastic philosophers and the medieval universities. Its absence elsewhere is a sufficient reason why no other place developed its own indigenous industrial revolution.
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SANGARÉ, AMADOU, FRANCOIS GAUTHIER, and GEORGES ABDUL-NOUR. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ADOPTION AND USE OF STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS BY MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 19, no. 03 (June 2012): 1250015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539312500155.
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The globalization of the economy and the competition between emerging countries has compelled machinery manufacturers in developed countries to have new production methods in an environment of "consensual" standardization and extensive regulation. However, very little research has focused on the use of these standards and regulations. This empirical exploratory study aims to develop a profile of the adoption and use of normative and regulatory documents by Québec machinery manufacturers. It investigated the data from 46 manufacturing companies in this Canadian province. The statistical analyses led to many relevant findings. They revealed that some factual characteristics positively affect these companies' use of standards and regulations. However, other apparently important factors, but having no significant impact, were also identified. The results will serve as tools for the actors (machine designers, quality and safety and health managers, government agencies, and universities) in improving machinery production and utilization conditions in Québec, Canada and elsewhere.
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Goyal, Shishir, Srikanta Routroy, and Anupam Singhal. "Analyzing environment sustainability enablers using fuzzy DEMATEL for an Indian steel manufacturing company." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 300–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-02-2018-0033.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the Environmental Sustainability Enablers (ESEs) for an Indian steel manufacturing company to select the appropriate set of ESEs for implementing and enhancing environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA methodology using fuzzy Decision-Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is proposed to analyze ESEs capturing multiple experts’ qualitative judgments on their mutual impacts. It is applied to an Indian steel manufacturing company to understand the salient features of the concept.FindingsThe relevant 18 ESEs were classified into cause and effect group and also interactions (i.e. influencing and influenced) of each ESE with other ESEs were evaluated. It was observed that the five ESEs (i.e. competitors’ environmental sustainability strategy, environmental compliance certification, government regulations and incentives, influence of external factors and air pollution controlling system) are the most prominent in the cause group.Research limitations/implicationsThe results obtained are specific to an Indian steel manufacturing company and it cannot be generalized for steel manufacturing sector. However, the current paper can show direction to carry out such work in other manufacturing companies.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodology will be helpful for allocating efforts and resources to enhance the impact of ESEs for successful achievement of environmental sustainability.Originality/valueNo such paper has been reported in the literature with an objective to develop structural framework for Indian steel manufacturing company to improve environmental sustainability.
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Cheng, Chen-Yang, Pourya Pourhejazy, Chia-Yu Hung, and Chumpol Yuangyai. "Smart Monitoring of Manufacturing Systems for Automated Decision-Making: A Multi-Method Framework." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 6860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206860.
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Smart monitoring plays a principal role in the intelligent automation of manufacturing systems. Advanced data collection technologies, like sensors, have been widely used to facilitate real-time data collection. Computationally efficient analysis of the operating systems, however, remains relatively underdeveloped and requires more attention. Inspired by the capabilities of signal analysis and information visualization, this study proposes a multi-method framework for the smart monitoring of manufacturing systems and intelligent decision-making. The proposed framework uses the machine signals collected by noninvasive sensors for processing. For this purpose, the signals are filtered and classified to facilitate the realization of the operational status and performance measures to advise the appropriate course of managerial actions considering the detected anomalies. Numerical experiments based on real data are used to show the practicability of the developed monitoring framework. Results are supportive of the accuracy of the method. Applications of the developed approach are worthwhile research topics to research in other manufacturing environments.
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Goss, Devon. "The Complexities of Mixed Families: Transracial Adoption as a Humanitarian Project." Genealogy 6, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6020033.
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Along with other types of racially mixed families, families built through transracial adoption in the United States have solidified as an increasingly recognized family form. Along with this increasing acknowledgement, transracial families must also contend with narratives that formulate transracial adoption as an act of humanitarianism on the one hand and as a replication of systemic racism and colonialism on the other. This article explores how members of transracial families respond to these contradictory narratives through interviews with 30 transracial adoptees and their white siblings. Their experiences highlight three responses that transracial family members have regarding the idea of their families being classified as a humanitarian project: recreating transracial adoption as humanitarianism within their own lives, reclaiming their identity and family as separate from humanitarianism, and resisting the humanitarian aspects of transracial adoption altogether. Specifically, this study adds nuance to the question of how mixed families navigate the enduring power of humanitarianism within their own lives.
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Ericson, U., E. Wirfält, I. Mattisson, B. Gullberg, and K. Skog. "Dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in relation to socio-economic, lifestyle and other dietary factors: estimates in a Swedish population." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007352518.
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AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the dietary intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), to examine the intakes in relation to socio-economics, lifestyle and other dietary factors and to compare the classification of subjects by intake of HCA versus intake of meat and fish.DesignCross-sectional analysis within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Data were obtained from a modified diet history, a structured questionnaire on socio-economics and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements and chemical analysis of HCAs. HCA intake was cross-classified against meat and fish intake. The likelihood of being a high consumer of HCAs was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Dietary intakes were examined across quintiles of HCA intake using analysis of variance.SettingBaseline examinations conducted in 1991–1994 in Malmö, Sweden.SubjectsA sub-sample of 8599 women and 6575 men of the MDC cohort.ResultsThe mean daily HCA intake was 583 ng for women and 821 ng for men. Subjects were ranked differently with respect to HCA intake compared with intake of fried and baked meat and fish (κ = 0.13). High HCA intake was significantly associated with lower age, overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Intakes of dietary fibre, fruits and fermented milk products were negatively associated with HCA intake, while intakes of selenium, vegetables, potatoes, alcohol (among men) and non-milk-based margarines (among women) were positively associated with HCA intake.ConclusionsThe estimated daily HCA intake of 690 ng is similar to values obtained elsewhere. The present study suggests that lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intakes, and types of milk products and margarines) may confound associations between HCA intake and disease. The poor correlation between HCA intake and intakes of fried meat and fish facilitates an isolation of the health effects of HCAs.
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Blook Abad, Reza Tahmasebi. "Designing the Interactive Model of Operational Strategic Factors of Production Companies- SSIM Approach." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1644.
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The purpose of this research is to understand the quality of the interaction between operational strategic factors in the manufacturing firms. Given the multiplicity of strategies in the area of operational strategy, to implement or design the strategy, companies need to know the most important and influential strategic factors in the organization. In this study, nine important strategies are selected from the operation field and entered the analysis process to study their interaction type with each other. Research method is the use of SSM approach that is considered as cognitive mapping construction towards the problem. In addition, nine operations strategy factors were classified into four levels using reachability matrix (R) and the quality of the interaction among the elements with each other was identified. The results achieved in the research introduce the most effective and dependent strategic elements of an organization in the area of operations and the most important operational strategies for manufacturing companies.