Academic literature on the topic 'Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Wang, Mian. "Mobile Information System of Ceramic Appreciation and Communication Management Based on Mobile Edge Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4540664.
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Mobile edge computing is a very popular technology now. It was proposed to eliminate the problem of lack of global computing resources. This article aims to study the use of the latest mobile edge computing technology to study the mobile information system for appreciation, exchange, and management of the traditional ceramic industry. The whole article uses mobile edge computing technology. It enters the network using wireless methods and provides recent users with the required services and cloud computing functions, allowing users to easily query the information and data they want, plus mobile. The information system enables people to use mobile phones, tablets, and other mobile terminals to query information in the ceramic industry and perform functions such as appreciation, communication, and management. From 2016 to 2020, our country’s ceramic industry exports have increased from US$3.067 billion to US$6.826 billion. Traditional ceramics in our country have been loved by various industries at home and abroad. The number of employees in the ceramic industry has also increased to 5 million, an increase of 30% year-on-year. The ceramic industry is also very promising in the long term.
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Hakken, David. "Computing and the Crisis: The Significant Role of New Information Technologies in the Current Socio-economic Meltdown." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 2 (August 28, 2010): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss2pp205-220.
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There is good reason to be concerned about the long-term implications of the current crisis for the reproduction of contemporary social formations. Thus there is an urgent need to understand it character, especially its distinctive features. This article identifies profound ambiguities in valuing assets as new and key economic features of this crisis, ambiguities traceable to the dominant, “computationalist” computing used to develop new financial instruments. After some preliminaries, the article identifies four specific ways in which computerization of finance is generative of crisis. It then demonstrates how computationalist computing is linked to other efforts to extend commodification based on the ideology of so-called “intellectual property” (IP). Several other accounts for the crisis are considered and then demonstrated to have less explanatory value. After considering how some commons-oriented (e.g., Free/Libre and/or Opening Source Software development projects) forms of computing also undermine the IP project, the article concludes with a brief discussion of what research on Socially Robust and Enduring Computing might contribute to fostering alternative, non-crisis generative ways to compute.
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Al-Aufi, Ali, and Crystal Fulton. "Impact of social networking tools on scholarly communication: a cross-institutional study." Electronic Library 33, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-05-2013-0093.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the extent to which social networking tools had an impact on academics’ patterns of informal scholarly communication in humanities and social science disciplines. Social networking tools, reinforced by proliferation and advances in portable computing and wireless technologies, have reshaped how information is produced, communicated and consumed. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-institutional quantitative study utilized an online questionnaire survey sent to 382 academics affiliated with humanities and social science disciplines in two different academic institutions: one that belongs to a Western tradition of scholarly communication in Ireland, and the other to a developing country in Oman. Descriptive interpretation of data compared findings from both universities. Frequencies, percentages and means were displayed in tables to enhance the meaning of collected data. Inferential analysis was also conducted to determine statistical significance. Findings – Overall findings indicate progressive use of social networking tools for informal scholarly communication. There is perceived usefulness on the impact of social networking tools on patterns of informal scholarly communication. However, nearly one-third of the respondents have never used social networking tools for informal scholarly communication. Institution-based data comparison revealed no significant differences on data except for few activities of informal scholarly communication. Research limitations/implications – Given that the number of study subjects was eventually small (total = 382) and that academics by their very nature are disinclined to respond to online surveys, results of the study may suggest non-response errors, and these may impact negatively on the acceptability of inferences and statistical conclusions. The results of the study are, therefore, unlikely to be useful for generalization, but they remain suggestive of a growing tendency among humanities and social sciences’ academics to use social networking tools for informal scholarly communication. Originality/value – Empirical findings provide a broad understanding about the potential of social networking tools on informal scholarly communication in areas of humanities and social sciences disciplines. Multi-disciplinary investigation and qualitative studies may further deepen our understanding of the impact of social networking tools on patterns of scholarly communication.
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Dai, Yu, Qiuhong Zhang, and Lei Yang. "Virtual Machine Migration Strategy Based on Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 7993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177993.
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Mobile edge computing is a new computing model, which pushes cloud computing power from centralized cloud to network edge. However, with the sinking of computing power, user mobility brings new challenges: since it is usually unstable, services should be dynamically migrated between multiple edge servers to maintain service performance, that is, user-perceived latency. Considering that Mobile Edge Computing is a highly distributed computing environment and it is difficult to synchronize information between servers, in order to ensure the real-time performance of the migration strategy, a virtual machine migration strategy based on Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning is proposed in this paper. The method of centralized training and distributed execution is adopted, that is, the transfer action is guided by the global information during training, and only the local observation information is needed to obtain the transfer action. Compared with the centralized control method, the proposed method alleviates communication bottleneck. Compared with other distributed control methods, this method only needs local information, does not need communication between servers, and speeds up the perception of the current environment. Migration strategies can be generated faster. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is better than the contrast strategy in terms of convergence and energy consumption.
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Konkoly, K. R., and K. A. Paller. "0431 Two-Way Communication Between Dreamers and Experimenters." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.428.
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Abstract Introduction Dreams are emblematic of human sleep, but they have yet to be adequately explained. In part, this is due to the limited options available for peering into dream experiences. Mapping neural measures onto dreams is problematic when those dreams are recounted after waking. Retrospective dream reports are subject to distortion and rapid forgetting. Methods Here, we describe a method to overcome these obstacles through two-way communication between dreamers and experimenters. To demonstrate proof-of-concept, we presented softly spoken math problems to participants during lucid REM sleep, and they provided answers using covert physiological signals such as eye movements. We confirmed REM sleep using standard polysomnographic methods. Results Thus far, 3 out of 8 participants who had lucid dreams correctly answered problems during REM sleep. Conclusion Results document that sleeping individuals can have sufficient abilities for veridical perceptual analysis, maintaining information, computing simple answers using working memory, and expressing volitional replies. Dreamers can thus be capable of interacting and exchanging information with other individuals. In this way, the mental content experienced by the dreamer can be interrogated to characterize the phenomenological experiences and cognitive abilities of dreaming. Support Mind Science Foundation, National Science Foundation
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Wang, Jian Hui, and Li Liu. "Research on Computer Graphics Design and Visual Communication Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2191.
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In today's society rapid development of science and technology, the computer figure image design can be widely used in various industries. In the film and television, advertising, exhibition, art, electronic play in areas such as lack of necessary computer graphics design. With the development of computer information technology, the design of the graphics technology will progress. On the technology no longer content with a simple graphics rendering, more note focus on visual sense of the data, enhance the figure shape the image of beauty and expression. This paper mainly discusses the computer graphics design and visual communication design in today's society rapid development of science and technology, computer graphics design has also been extensively applied to various industries. In the film and television, advertising, exhibition, art, video games, and other fields are short of necessary computer graphics design. With the development of information technology, computing machine graphics design technology progress. Current technology is no longer satisfied with the image of a simple now, pay more attention to the visual sensation of biography and enhance the figure shape the image of aesthetic feeling and expression. This paper mainly discusses the computer graphics design and research of visual communication design.
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Mujević, Mersad, and Safet Korać. "Significance and role of using electronic communications in entrepreneurial companies." Ekonomski izazovi 9, no. 18 (2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2018086m.
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With the development of computer science, time and computer networks, primarily the Internet, as well as the increasing use of information and communication technologies in the company's business, it establishes a new form of business, and thus the economy. For several years, computing has been ranked high on political agendas in Europe and the world. Today, the European Commission considers computing to be literacy, which is the basis for understanding how digital technologies work and serves the development of 21st century skills, such as, among other things, "electronic business, ie. digital economics and analytical thinking. E-business operates on different principles in relation to the old economy and requires a different economic philosophy. Information, ideas, innovation and knowledge that create values, growth and productivity. The modern way of doing business guarantees a better access to the market and thus increases the position of companies, especially small and medium enterprises, in time and better use of their own resources provided by information and communication technologies. Companies, ie. SMEs in their challenges in the later stages of development will be precisely that, the better position in the global Internet market with its basic premises of creating good material bases and time make their offer accessible to potential consumers.
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Cao, Shihua, Xin Lin, Keyong Hu, Lidong Wang, Wenjuan Li, Mengxin Wang, and Yuchao Le. "Cloud Computing-Based Medical Health Monitoring IoT System Design." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8278612.
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With the continuous improvement of the national medical system, health monitoring combined with cloud computing and Internet of Things has become a concern. This study mainly discusses the design of the medical health monitoring IoT system based on cloud computing. From the user to the health service provider, there are three devices: sensor terminal, gateway terminal, and service platform. The sensor terminal is used to measure physiological indicators, such as blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and other physiological indicators; the gateway terminal is used to link the sensor terminal to receive physiological indicators and forward them to the business platform; the gateway is also used to receive health information and other instructions issued by the server. In the community service mode, users can be divided into groups according to the community and region, and the corresponding service doctors and agent customer service personnel (nurses) can be assigned. Users can collect personal physiological indicators at home or outside through the medical terminal. These indicators and information are transmitted to the background health platform system through the mobile GSM-TD communication network. Users can also view their own historical health records and opinions of health consultants through the web/WAP website. Through the integration ability of the health cloud platform, relying on the interconnection with HIS, LIS, and other information systems of professional medical institutions, we jointly operate special value-added services, such as appointment registration, maternal and child healthcare, and medical communication (doctor-patient interaction), so that users can enjoy the remote service and guidance of professional medical institutions by subscribing to health value-added services. The CPU utilization rate is 40%, the internal utilization rate is 7.44 G, the memory utilization rate is 11.8%, and the network bandwidth is 591.87 M. During the whole test process, the indicators are stable, and there are no restart, crash, and other phenomena, so the system performance meets the design requirements.
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Daberdaku, Sebastian, and Carlo Ferrari. "Computing voxelised representations of macromolecular surfaces." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 32, no. 3 (May 15, 2016): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342016647114.
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Voxel-based representations of surfaces have received a lot of interest in bioinformatics and computational biology as a simple and effective way of representing geometrical and physicochemical properties of proteins and other biomolecules. Processing such surfaces for large molecules can be challenging, as space-demanding data structures with associated high computational costs are required. In this paper, we present a methodology for the fast computation of voxelised macromolecular surface representations (namely the van der Waals, solvent-accessible and solvent-excluded surfaces). The proposed method implements a spatial slicing procedure on top of compact data structures to efficiently calculate the three molecular surface representations at high-resolutions, in parallel. The spatial slicing protocol ensures a balanced workload distribution and allows the computation of the solvent-excluded surface with minimal synchronisation and communication between processes. This is achieved by adapting a multi-step region-growing EDT algorithm. At each step, distance values are first calculated independently for every slice, then, a small portion of the borders’ information is exchanged between adjacent slices. Very little process communication is also required in the pocket detection procedure, where the algorithm distinguishes surface portions belonging to solvent-accessible pockets from cavities buried inside the molecule. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach.
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Ferneley, Elaine, and Ben Light. "Unpacking User Relations in an Emerging Ubiquitous Computing Environment: Introducing the Bystander." Journal of Information Technology 23, no. 3 (September 2008): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000123.
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The move towards technological ubiquity is allowing a more idiosyncratic and dynamic working environment to emerge that may result in the restructuring of information communication technologies, and changes in their use through different user groups’ actions. Taking a ‘practice’ lens to human agency, we explore the evolving roles of, and relationships between these user groups and their appropriation of emergent technologies by drawing upon Lamb and Kling's social actor framework. To illustrate our argument, we draw upon a study of a UK Fire Brigade that has introduced a variety of technologies in an attempt to move towards embracing mobile and ubiquitous computing. Our analysis of the enactment of such technologies reveals that Bystanders, a group yet to be taken as the central unit of analysis in information systems research, or considered in practice, are emerging as important actors. The research implications of our work relate to the need to further consider Bystanders in deployments other than those that are mobile and ubiquitous. For practice, we suggest that Bystanders require consideration in the systems development life cycle, particularly in terms of design and education in processes of use.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Ashwell, Douglas James. "Reflecting diversity or selecting viewpoints : an analysis of the GM debate in New Zealand's media 1998-2002 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Communication at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1200.
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The advent of genetically modified (GM) food in New Zealand in 1998 saw the beginning of a highly politicised debate about GM use in the country. The concern over GM and the political situation after the 1999 general election saw the Government establish a Royal Commission of Inquiry on Genetic Modification in May, 2000. The Royal Commission and strong public opposition to GM, evident in large public protests and other actions, made the issue highly newsworthy. The aim of this study was to explore how newspapers reported the GM debate, in particular, examining whether the reportage facilitated greater public debate and awareness about GM through journalists adhering to the ideals of the theory of social responsibility and enacting their watchdog role as encapsulated in the Fourth Estate tradition of the media. To achieve these aims the overall tone of the reportage and also which news source types and themes were most frequently reported were examined. In addition, the relationship and perceptions of scientists and journalists involved in the reporting were explored to examine how these relationships may have influenced the reportage. Content analysis showed the reportage had a pro-GM bias with policy-makers, scientists and industry spokespeople the most frequently cited news sources. The themes of Science, Economics and Politics dominated the reportage. Other source types and themes were less represented, especially themes dealing with ethical and environmental arguments. This lack of representation occurred despite the Royal Commission offering a space for all interested parties to speak. The interviews illustrated that scientists believed the quality of newspaper coverage of GM lacked depth and that important issues were unreported. Journalists found the issue complex to report and said they took care not to oversimplify the science and issues surrounding GM. The relationship between scientists and journalists indicated particular tensions existing between the two groups. The thesis concludes that if robust public debate is to occur within New Zealand regarding GM and other scientific developments, then the media should reflect a greater diversity of opinion by citing other potential news sources offering alternative arguments based on, for example, ethical or environmental grounds.
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Mani, Sindhu. "Empirical Performance Analysis of High Performance Computing Benchmarks Across Variations in Cloud Computing." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/418.
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High Performance Computing (HPC) applications are data-intensive scientific software requiring significant CPU and data storage capabilities. Researchers have examined the performance of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) environment across several HPC benchmarks; however, an extensive HPC benchmark study and a comparison between Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure (Microsoft’s cloud computing platform), with metrics such as memory bandwidth, Input/Output (I/O) performance, and communication computational performance, are largely absent. The purpose of this study is to perform an exhaustive HPC benchmark comparison on EC2 and Windows Azure platforms.
We implement existing benchmarks to evaluate and analyze performance of two public clouds spanning both IaaS and PaaS types. We use Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure as platforms for hosting HPC benchmarks with variations such as instance types, number of nodes, hardware and software. This is accomplished by running benchmarks including STREAM, IOR and NPB benchmarks on these platforms on varied number of nodes for small and medium instance types. These benchmarks measure the memory bandwidth, I/O performance, communication and computational performance. Benchmarking cloud platforms provides useful objective measures of their worthiness for HPC applications in addition to assessing their consistency and predictability in supporting them.
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Feary, Mark S. "Statistical frameworks and contemporary Māori development." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/664.
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Māori have entered a period of development that, more than ever before, requires them to explore complex options and make careful decisions about the way forward. This complexity stems from three particular areas. First, from having essentially two sets of rights, as New Zealanders and as Māori, and being active in the struggle to retain those rights. Second, from trying to define and determine development pathways that are consistent with their traditional Māori values, and which align with their desire to participate in and enjoy a modern New Zealand and a global society. Third, from attempting development within a political and societal environment that is governed by a different and dominant culture. Māori, historically and contemporarily, have a culture that leads them to very different views of the world and development pathways than pakeha New Zealanders (D. Marsden, 1994, p. 697). Despite concerted effort and mis placed belief the Māori world view has survived and is being adopted by Māori youth. The Māori worldview sometimes collides with the view of the governing pakeha culture of New Zealand, which values rights, assets and behaviours differently. Despite these differences and the complexities it remains important to measure progress and inform debate about best practice and future options. In this regard, statistical information is crucial, and is generally recognised as one of the currencies of development (World Summit of the Information Society, 2003). Māori increasingly desire to measure and be informed about the feasibility and progress of their development choices in a way that is relevant to their values and culture. Where a Māori view of reality is not present there is a high risk that decisions and actions will reflect a different worldview, will fail to deal with cultural complexities, and ultimately will not deliver the intended development outcomes.
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Mupparaju, Naveen. "Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Distributed Messaging Using Message Oriented Middleware." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/456.
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Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is an enabling technology for modern event- driven applications that are typically based on publish/subscribe communication [Eugster03]. Enterprises typically contain hundreds of applications operating in environments with diverse databases and operating systems. Integration of these applications is required to coordinate the business process. Unfortunately, this is no easy task. Enterprise Integration, according to Brosey et al. (2001), "aims to connect and combines people, processes, systems, and technologies to ensure that the right people and the right processes have the right information and the right resources at the right time"[Brosey01]. Communication between different applications can be achieved by using synchronous and asynchronous communication tools. In synchronous communication, both parties involved must be online (for example, a telephone call), whereas in asynchronous communication, only one member needs to be online (email). Middleware is software that helps two applications communicate with one another. Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) and Object Request Brokers (ORB) are two types of synchronous middleware—when they send a request they must wait for an immediate reply. This can decrease an application’s performance when there is no need for synchronous communication. Even though asynchronous distributed messaging using message oriented middleware is widely used in industry, there is not enough work done in evaluating the performance of various open source Message oriented middleware. The objective of this work was to benchmark and evaluate three different open source MOM’s performance in publish/subscribe and point-to-point domains, functional comparison and qualitative study from developers perspective.
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Craveiro, António Manuel Balazeiro Cascão. "O hipercorpo-tecnologias da carne : do culturista ao cyborg." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29212.
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Beckhusen, Benedict. "Mobile Apps and the ultimate addiction to the Smartphone : A comprehensive study on the consequences of society’s mobile needs." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31159.
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The smartphone is omnipresent and is cherished and held close by people. It allows for constant connection within a digitally connected society, as well as for many other purposes such as leisure activity or informational purpose. Within the Information Systems studies deeper investigation is required as to what impact this “taken – for – granted” mobile access to information and mobile apps has for individuals and society and if a “technological addiction”can be developed when using the smartphone for everything during the day on such a constant basis. The aim of this study was to understand the role of the smartphone in society and to shed light on this unclear relationship between the constant use of a smartphone and its development towards an addictive quality. To reach a conclusion, in depth – interviews were conducted with participants about their relationship to the smartphone and their smartphone use based on questions derived from literature on mobile communication technologies and the types of digital addictions existing. The results are that the smartphone is a device that seamlessly integrates into our daily lives in that we unconsciously use it as a tool to make our daily tasks more manageable, and enjoyable. It also supports us in getting better organized, to be in constant touch with family and friends remotely, and to be more mobile which is a useful ability in today’s mobility driven society. Smartphones have been found to inhabit a relatively low potential to addiction. Traits of voluntary behaviour, habitual behaviour, and mandatory behaviour of smartphone use have been found. All of these behaviours are not considered a true addiction. In the end, it seems that the increase of smartphone use is mainly due to the way we communicate nowadays digitally,and the shift in how we relate to our social peers using digital means.
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Chinnam, S. "MULTI-WAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/443.
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Videoconferencing is increasingly becoming a trend worldwide in applications where clients need to access lectures, meeting proceedings, communicating with family and friends etc. It provides a platform enabling the visual, audio and video communication between clients. The aim of this project is to utilize the open source Java software to build a desktop application enabling communication between clients.
When a user needs to transfer a secured file, it’s unsafe to send it using social networking sites because of lack of security. So, with the “Multi-Way Communication System” (MWCS) we resolve some security issues. The MWCS is a highly secure way for file transfer, text and video conferencing.
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Soni, Neha. "An Empirical Performance Analysis Of IaaS Clouds With CloudStone Web 2.0 Benchmarking Tool." UNF Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/583.
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Web 2.0 applications have become ubiquitous over the past few years because they provide useful features such as a rich, responsive graphical user interface that supports interactive and dynamic content. Social networking websites, blogs, auctions, online banking, online shopping and video sharing websites are noteworthy examples of Web 2.0 applications. The market for public cloud service providers is growing rapidly, and cloud providers offer an ever-growing list of services. As a result, developers and researchers find it challenging when deciding which public cloud service to use for deploying, experimenting or testing Web 2.0 applications. This study compares the scalability and performance of a social-events calendar application on two Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud services – Amazon EC2 and HP Cloud. This study captures and compares metrics on three different instance configurations for each cloud service such as the number of concurrent users (load), as well as response time and throughput (performance). Additionally, the total price of the three different instance configurations for each cloud service is calculated and compared. This comparison of the scalability, performance and price metrics provides developers and researchers with an insight into the scalability and performance characteristics of the three instance configurations for each cloud service, which simplifies the process of determining which cloud service and instance configuration to use for deploying their Web 2.0 applications. This study uses CloudStone – an open-source, three-tier web application benchmarking tool that simulates Web 2.0 application activities – as a realistic workload generator and to capture the intended metrics. The comparison of the collected metrics indicate that all of the tested Amazon EC2 instance configurations provide better scalability and lower latency at a lower cost than the respective HP Cloud instance configurations; however, the tested HP Cloud instance configurations provide a greater storage capacity than the Amazon EC2 instance configurations, which is an important consideration for data-intensive Web 2.0 applications.
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Senjov-Makohon, Natalie. "Digital immigrant teachers learning for the information age." full-text, 2009. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2063/1/senjov_makohon.pdf.
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This study investigated how experienced teachers learned Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) during their professional development. With the introduction of ICT, experienced teachers encountered change becoming virtually displaced persons – digital immigrants; new settlers – endeavouring to obtain digital citizenship in order to survive in the information age. In the process, these teachers moved from learning how to push buttons, to applying software, and finally to changing their practice. They learned collectively and individually, in communities and networks, like immigrants and adult learners: by doing, experimenting and reflecting on ICT. Unfortunately, for these teachers-as-pedagogues, their focus on pedagogical theory during the action research they conducted, was not fully investigated or embraced during the year-long study. This study used a participant observation qualitative methodology to follow teachers in their university classroom. Interviews were conducted and documentation collected and verified by the teacher educator. The application of Kolb‘s, Gardner‘s, and Vygotsky‘s work allowed for the observation of these teachers within their sociocultural contexts. Kolb‘s work helped to understand their learning processes and Gardner‘s work indicated the learning abilities that these teachers valued in the new ICT environment. Meanwhile Vygotsky‘s work – and in particular three concepts, uchit, perezhivanija, and mislenija – presented a richer and more informed basis to understand immigration and change. Finally, this research proposes that teachers learn ICT through what is termed a hyperuchit model, consisting of developments; action; interaction; and reflection. The recommendation is that future teacher university ICT professional learning incorporates this hyperuchit model.
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Qi, Ziming. "Real-time adaptive noise cancellation for automatic speech recognition in a car environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering at Massey University, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/812.
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This research is mainly concerned with a robust method for improving the performance of a real-time speech enhancement and noise cancellation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in a real-time environment. Therefore, the thesis titled, “Real-time adaptive beamformer for Automatic speech Recognition in a car environment” presents an application technique of a beamforming method and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) method. In this thesis, a novel solution is presented to the question as below, namely: How can the driver’s voice control the car using ASR? The solution in this thesis is an ASR using a hybrid system with acoustic beamforming Voice Activity Detector (VAD) and an Adaptive Wiener Filter. The beamforming approach is based on a fundamental theory of normalized least-mean squares (NLMS) to improve Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The microphone has been implemented with a Voice Activity Detector (VAD) which uses time-delay estimation together with magnitude-squared coherence (MSC). An experiment clearly shows the ability of the composite system to reduce noise outside of a defined active zone. In real-time environments a speech recognition system in a car has to receive the driver’s voice only whilst suppressing background noise e.g. voice from radio. Therefore, this research presents a hybrid real-time adaptive filter which operates within a geometrical zone defined around the head of the desired speaker. Any sound outside of this zone is considered to be noise and suppressed. As this defined geometrical zone is small, it is assumed that only driver's speech is incoming from this zone. The technique uses three microphones to define a geometric based voice-activity detector (VAD) to cancel the unwanted speech coming from outside of the zone. In the case of a sole unwanted speech incoming from outside of a desired zone, this speech is muted at the output of the hybrid noise canceller. In case of an unwanted speech and a desired speech are incoming at the same time, the proposed VAD fails to identify the unwanted speech or desired speech. In such a situation an adaptive Wiener filter is switched on for noise reduction, where the SNR is improved by as much as 28dB. In order to identify the signal quality of the filtered signal from Wiener filter, a template matching speech recognition system that uses a Wiener filter is designed for testing. In this thesis, a commercial speech recognition system is also applied to test the proposed beamforming based noise cancellation and the adaptive Wiener filter.
Books on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Myasnikov, Alexei G. Non-commutative cryptography and complexity of group-theoretic problems. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.
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Aykanat, Cevdet, and Tug rul Dayar. Computer and information sciences: ISCIS 2004, 19th international symposium, Kemer-Antalya, Turkey, October 27-29, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2004.
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Greenberg, Ariel M. Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction: 6th International Conference, SBP 2013, Washington, DC, USA, April 2-5, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Werner, Schmidt, Stary Christian, Obermeier Stefan, Börger Egon, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Subject-Oriented Business Process Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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Hutchinson, Scott. Inside ArcView GIS. 2nd ed. Santa Fe, NM: Onword Press, 1997.
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1961-, Daniel Larry, ed. Inside ArcView GIS. 3rd ed. [South] Africa: OnWord Press, 2000.
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Joseph, Janes, and Vander Kolk Martha, eds. The internet compendium: Subject guides to social sciences, business, and law resources. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1995.
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Louis, Rosenfeld. The Internet compendium: Subject guides to social sciences, business and law resources. London: Mansell, 1995.
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Morse, Robert Fitzgerald, editor of compilation, Nikolova-Popova, Daniela, 1952- editor of compilation, and Witherspoon, Sarah J., 1966- editor of compilation, eds. Group theory, combinatorics and computing: International Conference in honor of Daniela Nikolova-Popova's 60th birthday on Group Theory, Combinatorics and Computing, October 3-8, 2012, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.
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Joseph, Janes, and Vander Kolk Martha, eds. The Internet compendium: Subject guides to health and science resources. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Abdali, S. Kamal. "High Performance Computing and Communication Research at the National Science Foundation." In Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, 5–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3540761691_2.
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Saxena, Rahul, Mahipal Jadeja, and Atul Kumar Verma. "Efficient Information Flow Based on Graphical Network Characteristics." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Paradigms of Computing, Communication and Data Sciences, 515–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7533-4_40.
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Häkkilä, Jonna, and Jenine Beekhuyzen. "Using Mobile Communication Technology in Student Mentoring." In Mobile Computing, 1351–58. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch111.
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Information technology (IT), computer science, and other related disciplines have become signifi- cant both in society and within the field of education. Resulting from the last decades’ considerable developments towards a global information society, the demand for a qualified IT workforce has increased. The integration of information technology into the different sectors of every day life is increasing the need for large numbers of IT professionals. Additionally, the need for nearly all workers to have general computing skills suggests possibilities for an individual to face inequality or suffer from displacement in modern society if they lack these skills, further contributing to the digital divide. Thus, the importance of IT education has a greater importance than ever for the whole of society. Despite the advances and mass adoption of new technologies, IT and computing education continually suffers from low participant numbers, and high dropout and transfer rates. This problem has been somewhat addressed by introducing mentoring programs (von Hellens, Nielsen, Doyle, & Greenhill, 1999) where a student is given a support person, a mentor, who has a similar education background but has graduated and is employed in industry. Although the majority of these programs have been considered successful, it is important to note that it is difficult to easily measure success in this context. In this article, we introduce a novel approach to mentoring which was adopted as part of an ongoing, traditional-type mentoring program in a large Australian university. The approach involved introducing modern communications technology, specifically mobile phones having an integrated camera and the capability to make use of multimedia messaging services (MMS). As mobile phones have become an integrated part of our everyday life (with high adoption rates) and are an especially common media of communication among young people, it was expected that the use of the phones could be easily employed to the mentoring program (phones were provided for the participants). Short message service (SMS), for example text messaging, has become a frequently used communication channel (Grinter & Eldridge 2003). In addition to text, photo sharing has also quickly taken off with MMS capable mobile phones becoming more widespread. The ability to exchange photos increases the feeling of presence (Counts & Fellheimer, 2004), and the possibility to send multimedia messages with mobile phones has created a new form of interactive storytelling (Kurvinen, 2003). Cole and Stanton (2003) found the pictorial information exchange as a potential tool for children’s collaboration during their activities in story telling, adventure gaming and for field trip tasks. Encouraged by these experiences, we introduced mobile mentoring as part of a traditional mentoring program, and present the experiences. It is hoped that these experiences can affirm the legitimacy of phone mentoring as a credible approach to mentoring. The positive and negative experiences presented in this article can help to shape the development of future phone mentoring programs.
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Bashorun, M. T., K. T. Omopupa, and Garba Dahiru. "Cloud Computing and Academic Libraries in Nigeria." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 113–34. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9034-7.ch006.
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The advent of computers and other communication technologies led to major transformations in the way library services are rendered and the profession practiced. The libraries have been automated, networked, and are now moving towards paperless or virtual libraries. This chapter examines various facets of cloud computing, describes types and applications. It also outlines the benefits and challenges of cloud computing in academic libraries. Further, the chapter gives direction about the use of cloud computing services to the library professionals and academic libraries in Nigeria. This chapter may be helpful in generating cloud-based services for academic libraries. The chapter suggests that quality service assurance by cloud providers must be ensured, upgrading of internet bandwidth for fast access and quick information dissemination that would improve academic library services. It concludes that cloud computing is crucial and vital in modern information innovation, especially in academic libraries.
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Krogstie, John. "Usable M-Commerce Systems." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 2944–48. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch524.
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Today, the PC is only one of many ways to access information resources. On one hand, traditional computing technology is becoming more mobile and ubiquitous and, on the other hand, traditional mass media are becoming richer. Whereas information services related to interactive TV and ubiquitous computing are projected to become prominent in a few years, mobile computing is the most important current trend within information and communication technology.
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Parashar, Vijay, Mohan Lal Vishwakarma, and Reema Parashar. "A New Framework for Building Academic Library through Cloud Computing." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 107–23. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4631-5.ch007.
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Libraries all over the world suffer from common problems like flexibility associated with digital data, lower levels of efficiency, and costs involved in managing the entire IT infrastructure. Few options are available in collaborating with other libraries, which is the prime reason for subordinate levels of efficiency. For the past 20 years the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of endeavor within business and governance. Within education, ICT has begun to have a presence, but the cost of ICT is not affordable. The basic principle of cloud computing entails the reduction of in-house data centres and the delegation of a portion or all of the information technology infrastructure capability to a third party. Universities and colleges are the core of innovation through their advanced research and development. Subsequently, higher institutions may benefit greatly by harnessing the power of cloud computing. Cloud computing would help in bridging the gap between academic libraries and ICT. Sharing of data among the libraries will in principle reduce the overall cost and increase efficiency. Capital expenditure done on infrastructure will chiefly be converted into operational expenditure. It will also enhance the user’s experience and will help in making the libraries a lot more scalable. In this chapter the authors discuss problems faced with academic libraries and development efforts to overcome that problem. Then they propose to improve current user service model with cloud computing.
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T.M., Kalpana, and S. Gopalakrishnan. "Green Economic and Secure Libraries on Cloud." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 297–315. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4631-5.ch017.
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Libraries are considered storehouses of knowledge in the form of books and other resources. Introduction of computers and information and communication technology paved the way for resources in electronic format. Hence, storage of library resources is categorized in two ways namely physical storage and electronic storage. The advantages of e-format are multiple users, increasing availability of free resource, sharing, storing, accessibility, retrieval, flexibility, compatibility, and so forth. As an evolutionary change in adapting to the electronic dissemination, electronic data can be stored virtually, externally, and retrieved in cloud computing. For cloud storage users, service providers and tools are considered as major components of the service architecture. Tool connects cloud storage server and thin client platform through the Internet. Green computing and green production technology are utilizing minimum resources and maximum production in an eco-friendly way. Data warehousing is collection of data, categorizing, filtering, eliminating replica data, format compatibility; security of data retrieval gives economic storage of files. Warehoused data with extract, transform, and load (ETL) tools are retrieved by data mining. This chapter discusses various architecture, service providers, models of service, certifications, billing models, security issues, solutions to security issues and eco-friendly economic storage.
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Holland, Barbara. "Emerging Technology and Today's Libraries." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 1–33. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4742-7.ch001.
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The purpose of this chapter is to examine emerging technology and today's libraries. New technology stands out first and foremost given that they will end up revolutionizing every industry in an age where digital transformation plays a major role. Major trends will define technological disruption. The next-gen of communication, core computing, and integration technologies will adopt new architectures. Major technological, economic, and environmental changes have generated interest in smart cities. Sensing technologies have made IoT possible, but also provide the data required for AI algorithms and models, often in real-time, to make intelligent business and operational decisions. Smart cities consume different types of electronic internet of things (IoT) sensors to collect data and then use these data to manage assets and resources efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that are processed and analyzed to monitor and manage, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services.
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Chen, Yining, and Hao Lou. "Behavioral Perspective of Groupware Adoption." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 248–52. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch046.
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Over the past decade, groupware technologies, such as e-mail, electronic bulletin boards, and group support systems, have become an important part of the business-computing infrastructure in many organizations. This evolving software category has captured the attention and imagination of information technology professionals, line of business managers and end users, not to mention software suppliers. Organizations adopt groupware applications to enhance communication, collaboration, and coordination among group members and thus improve group performance (“Lotus Development,” 1995). While some groupware applications, for example, e-mail, have been commonly accepted, many other applications, especially those that require significant collaboration and cooperation among users, are not widely used in organizations and their potential benefits are far from being fully realized (Orlikowski, 1993). Although many laboratory and field studies have consistently shown the relevance and positive impact of group support systems on group work, more research is needed in understanding how to increase the rate of diffusion and adoption of the technology (Nunamaker, 1997).
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Segal, David. "Facts, Alternative Facts and Patent Literature." In One Hundred Patents That Shaped the Modern World, 1–12. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834311.003.0001.
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The mathematician Kurt Gödel showed in his Incompleteness Theorem in the early 1930s that there are some statements in mathematics that are true but cannot be proven. Whether statements are true is important in the twenty-first century, an age of ‘fake news’ and alternative facts. Patent documents are true and accurate as they are examined and can be challenged for accuracy. This chapter outlines the patenting procedure. It also highlights the role of patents as a source of information alongside other sources. Accurate and true information is important for people with interests in engineering, physical sciences and life sciences. Patent infringement and patent trolls (non-practicing entities) are described. The following technical areas are grouped together to describe how they developed over time and how they may develop in the twenty-first century: communications, computing including quantum computing, life sciences including gene editing (CRISPR), transport and unexpected consequences of technological change.
Conference papers on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Ghosh, Koyel, and Apurbalal Senapati. "Technical Domain Classification of Bangla Text using BERT." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.16.
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Coarse-grained tasks are primarily based on Text classification, one of the earliest problems in NLP, and these tasks are done on document and sentence levels. Here, our goal is to identify the technical domain of a given Bangla text. In Coarse-grained technical domain classification, such a piece of the Bangla text provides information about specific Coarse-grained technical domains like Biochemistry (bioche), Communication Technology (com-tech), Computer Science (cse), Management (mgmt), Physics (phy) Etc. This paper uses a recent deep learning model called the Bangla Bidirectional Encoder Representations Transformers (Bangla BERT) mechanism to identify the domain of a given text. Bangla BERT (Bangla-Bert-Base) is a pretrained language model of the Bangla language. Later, we discuss the Bangla BERT accuracy and compare it with other models that solve the same problem.
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Ali, Azad, and Frederick Kohun. "Comparing Two Program Contents with IT2005 Body of Knowledge." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3189.
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Academic computing programs often want to keep pace with technological changes by frequently updating their program contents. These program changes are often reactionary and lack uniform standards. Thus some of the changes are often rolled back and, as a result, face additional changes shortly after their implementation. A helpful strategy in computer program updates is to utilize a standard curriculum to gauge and benchmark the program. This paper compares the content of two technology programs with a standard curriculum developed by the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) and other organizations including, AIS, AITP, IEEE and ABET-CAC. The paper examines the content of two technology programs: The T echnology Support and Training program (TST) at Eberly College of Business - Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), and the Computer Information Systems (CIS) and Information Sciences (IS) programs in the School of Communications and Information Technology at Robert Morris University (RMU). It then compares the content of both programs with the Computing Curricula Information - Information T echnology Volume (IT2005) Body of Knowledge.
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Hedrick, R., R. J. Urbanic, and Ashley Novak. "A System Design for Computer-Aided Manufacturing Shared, Interactive Process Setup Sheets." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8723.
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Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software is used to develop a process plan, which consists of an operations list, tool paths, tooling, process parameters, and depending on the system, material handling operations. Upon completing the development of a process plan, setup sheets are generated for the personnel involved in the setup, production, testing, and product validation activities for a product. Typically, this documentation is in a hardcopy format, or is a static electronic document, and the direction of the communication is unidirectional — from the process planner to the support personnel. With the ubiquitous communications tools available to individuals today, a more sophisticated approach should be taken to transmit, store, and communicate changes to and from the shop floor. Presently, standard setup documentation consists of the project information utilized for the developed process plan. Pictures such as screen captures of the tool path, virtual verification images, and physical elements such as specialty tools may be included. However, modifications are made continuously to improve the cycle time, quality, or to adjust for other product or process changes. This research focuses on the development of interactive setup sheets that utilize existing desktop CAD/CAM software and mobile technologies, with the potential for leveraging the advantages of manufacturing cloud computing. Videos, links to additional documentation, and the ability to edit a subset of process parameters such as a tool diameter are incorporated. The operator is able to physically change tools or other key process setup information, and then send the information to the CAM system in order to regenerate the updated tool paths and documentation. Complementing the flexible, agile, and reconfigurable paradigms is the communication flexibility provided by fast wireless networks along with, cloud computing resources that can accessed with mobile devices, which are ubiquitous in today’s society. This technology that has not yet been heavily employed in the manufacturing environment, and research leveraging these new tools need to be explored.
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Wahba, Khaled, and Sherif Kamel. "A Virtual Research Model to Help Academics Face the Challenges of the 21st Century." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2401.
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The academic career and the stages of promotion of teachers and field researchers at the Egyptian universities as well as at many research centers available in Egypt's 26 provinces is guided by a set of rules and regulations that mainly depend on the number of publications that the researcher is producing in a specific period of time. It is also important to note that such publications should be published in well-known and accredited journals, transactions, and conference proceedings amongst others. These publications could be produced jointly with other institutions both locally and internationally. In all scenarios, one common problem always prevails, that is resources and funding. As for funding it is occasionally provided through international donors such as the European Union and the National Science Foundation. However, the problem remains in the local segment where various barriers are slowing down if not blocking the production of up-to-standard publications and research projects that are needed to contribute to the overall development of various sectors both quantitatively and qualitatively. Example barriers would include financial resources, required specialized equipment, as well as computing (hardware and software) and communication resources. In that respect, Scientific Computer Software Applications (SCSA) is becoming frequently the workhorse of research and development activities. Many software packages have been released to help researchers analyze and produce scientific publications. Most of these packages have a complicated design as well as expensive making it difficult to buy and not easy to understand by the user. Egypt, a developing country, lacks funding for research and development activities as compared to the United States and other European countries. The lack of financial resources and the scarcity of required resources make it difficult for academic researchers to build and excel in their academic careers. This paper demonstrates a new model namely; Virtual Research System (VRS), that is free from limitations of spatial distance and time and based mainly on information and communication technologies including the Internet to help leverage the quality and the quantity of academic researchers in Egyptian universities both locally as well as through collaborative work with other international research institutions. The paper provides an opportunity to share a wealth of information and knowledge that was never tapped before through the old accustomed to traditional techniques. The paper also demonstrates that new information and communication technologies are creating many challenges and opportunities for growth in different disciplines including research and development.
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Barnard, Andries, Corne de Ridder, Laurette Pretorius, and Eli Cohen. "Integrating Computer Ethics into the Computing Curriculum: A Framework for Implementation." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2619.
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The advent of the Information Age and global connectivity has placed ethics center stage in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). As the drive towards the establishment of a so-called IT profession gains momentum, ethical conduct and codes of ethics have recently been formulated and introduced formally. Initiatives in this regard can be attributed to, among others, the ACM and the IEEE. Of particular significance is the ImpactCS Project commissioned by the joint taskforce of the ACM and IEEE, and funded by the USA’s National Science Foundation. The increased globalization and inherent nature of ICT transcend physical and cultural borders, making it increasingly difficult to enforce accepted laws, regulations, and codes of conduct. It is thus the responsibility of Computer Science and Information Systems instructors to teach and instill professional values and ethical analysis skills in each and every student. Therefore, we investigate some issues pertaining to the teaching of computer ethics. We conclude this paper by presenting a possible framework to be used in the teaching of computer ethics, and apply this framework to our own institution.
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R, Rejusha T., and Vipin Kumar K. S. "Artificial MRI Image Generation using Deep Convolutional GAN and its Comparison with other Augmentation Methods." In 2021 International Conference on Communication, Control and Information Sciences (ICCISc). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccisc52257.2021.9484902.
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Adamson, Göran, Lihui Wang, and Magnus Holm. "The State of the Art of Cloud Manufacturing and Future Trends." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1123.
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Cloud manufacturing has emerged as a new manufacturing paradigm, which combines technologies (such as Internet of Things, Cloud computing, semantic Web, virtualisation and service-oriented technologies) with advanced manufacturing models, information and communication technologies. It aims to be networked, intelligent, service-oriented, knowledge-based and energy efficient, and promises a variety of benefits and advantages by providing fast, reliable and secure on-demand services for users. It is envisioned that companies in all sectors of manufacturing will be able to package their resources and know-hows in the Cloud, making them conveniently available for others through pay-as-you-go, which is also timely and economically attractive. Resources, e.g. manufacturing software tools, applications, knowledge and fabrication capabilities, will then be made accessible to presumptive consumers on a worldwide basis. After surveying a vast array of available publications, this paper presents an up-to-date literature review together with future trends and research directions in Cloud manufacturing.
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"Cloud Computing in Application of University Information Construction." In 2018 1st International Conference on Engineering, Communication and Computer Sciences. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/iceccs.2018.014.
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Marsh, Cecille. "Strategic Knowledge of Computer Applications: The Key to Efficient Computer Use." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3094.
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There are many initiatives to train people in using Information and Communication Technology but several international studies have shown that despite adequate computing experience, many users do not make efficient use of computer applications. This may be caused by a lack of strategic knowledge that is difficult to acquire just by knowing how to use commands. Research by Bhavnani and others indicates that the efficient use of computers requires task decomposition strategies that exploit the capabilities offered by computer applications, and they maintain that these general strategies can in fact be built into an instructional framework. The researcher replicated Bhavnani’s work with technologically disadvantaged South African tertiary students in order to ascertain whether the instructional framework was effective for students with very different backgrounds, and also to ascertain whether it was sufficiently robust to be successfully implemented at a distance from the original designers. Transfer of strategic knowledge across computer applications was also investigated. An experimental research design was followed with experimental and control groups of Engineering students. The results showed that several of the students could be taught to recognize and exploit strategic knowledge. It is also apparent that the command instruction given to the control group was not sufficient for them to acquire such strategic knowledge. The results also indicated some transfer of strategic knowledge across the applications.
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Ling, Yun, Zhenshan Luo, and Yujia Ge. "Fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm for precedence constrained tasks in grid computing systems with communication efficiency." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Information Sciences and Interaction Sciences (ICIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicis.2010.5534743.
Full textReports on the topic "Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences"
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Vladymyrov, Volodymyr. THE PROBABLE PLACE FOR BEING CREATED MASS INFORMATION THEORY BETWEEN OTHER FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES ABOUT IMPACT ON MASS AUDIENCE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11059.
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The article continues, for the first time in English in domestic science, to study the question of the need to create a new scientific theory – the theory of mass information. For the first time too raises the question of creating, in a place of the current theory of mass communication, a system of sciences including: a) mass information (shpuld be created now in rpoh of mass information), b) the theory of mass understanding (has created as a hermeneutics of the masses), c) the theory of mass communication (has created as a theory of the transfer of content) and the theory of mass emotions (started to create in 2017). This is a paradoxical situation – the absence of fundamental theory of mass information in the epoch of mass information. Researches in the scientific works of foreign mass communication also showed the absence of a holistic theory, as well as attempts to create it, even the lack of decisions on the need to create it as a new scientific field.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.