Journal articles on the topic 'Other health sciences not elsewhere classified'
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Tejada-Purizaca, Teresa R., Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich, Juana Ticona-Quea, Gisella Martínez, Kattia Martínez, Lino Morales-Paredes, Giuliana Romero-Mariscal, et al. "Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Peruvian Food and Medicinal Products." Foods 13, no. 5 (February 29, 2024): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13050762.
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To better query regional sources of metal(loid) exposure in an under-communicated region, available scientific literature from 50 national universities (undergraduate and graduate theses and dissertations), peer-reviewed journals, and reports published in Spanish and English were synthesized with a focus on metal(loid) bioaccumulation in Peruvian food and medicinal products utilized locally. The study considered 16 metal(loid)s that are known to exert toxic impacts on humans (Hg, Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Sn, Ni, Ag, Pb, Se, Tl, Ti, and U). A total of 1907 individual analyses contained within 231 scientific publications largely conducted by Peruvian universities were analyzed. These analyses encompassed 239 reported species classified into five main food/medicinal groups—plants, fish, macroinvertebrates and mollusks, mammals, and “others” category. Our benchmark for comparison was the World Health Organization (Codex Alimentarius) standards. The organisms most frequently investigated included plants such as asparagus, corn, cacao, and rice; fish varieties like trout, tuna, and catfish; macroinvertebrates and mollusks including crab and shrimp; mammals such as alpaca, cow, chicken eggs, and milk; and other categories represented by propolis, honey, lichen, and edible frog. Bioaccumulation-related research increased from 2 to more than 25 publications per year between 2006 and 2022. The results indicate that Peruvian food and natural medicinal products can have dangerous levels of metal(loid)s, which can cause health problems for consumers. Many common and uncommon food/medicinal products and harmful metals identified in this analysis are not regulated on the WHO’s advisory lists, suggesting the urgent need for stronger regulations to ensure public safety. In general, Cd and Pb are the metals that violated WHO standards the most, although commonly non-WHO regulated metals such as Hg, Al, As, Cr, and Ni are also a concern. Metal concentrations found in Peru are on many occasions much higher than what has been reported elsewhere. We conclude that determining the safety of food/medicinal products is challenging due to varying metal concentrations that are influenced not only by metal type but also geographical location. Given the scarcity of research findings in many regions of Peru, urgent attention is required to address this critical knowledge gap and implement effective regulatory measures to protect public health.
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Duco, Renz Angelo, Anna Pauline de Guia, Judeline Dimalibot, Phillip Alviola, and Juan Carlos Gonzalez. "Echolocation call characterization of insectivorous bats from caves and karst areas in southern Luzon Island, Philippines." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 10 (October 26, 2023): 23931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8597.15.10.23931-23951.
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Bats are excellent bioindicators and are increasingly used to assess ecosystem health and monitor changes in the environment. Due to increased awareness of the potential transmission of pathogens from bats to humans and recognizing the limitations of traditional bat sampling methods, the use of of non-invasive sampling techniques such as bat recorders were recommended for field-based monitoring studies. In the Philippines, however, bat bioacoustics is still a growing field, and the scarcity of acoustic data hinders the use of echolocation calls to conduct accurate inventories and population monitoring of echolocating bats. Here, we recorded and characterized echolocation calls of insectivorous bats from caves and karst areas located in southern Luzon Island, Philippines. In addition, we compared our results with other studies performed within and outside the country to identify possible regional and local variation in acoustic characters for some species. A total of 441 echolocation calls were recorded from six bat families: Hipposideridae (five species), Rhinolophidae (five species), Vespertilionidae (three species), Miniopteridae (two species), Megadermatidae (one species), and Emballonuridae (one species). Discriminant function analyses (DFA) with leave-one-out cross validation correctly classified bats emitting calls dominated with a constant frequency (CF) component (rhinolophids and hipposiderids) with >97% success and those producing frequency modulated (FM) calls (Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae) with 88.9% success. We report echolocation calls for Philippine population of two species (Megaderma spasma and Hipposideros lekaguli) for the first time. Moreover, we present geographical variations in call frequencies for some species by comparing previously reported acoustic data elsewhere across the species’ range. This underscores the importance of establishing a readily accessible and comprehensive local reference library of echolocation calls which would serve as a valuable resource for examining taxonomic identities of echolocating bats, particularly those whose calls exhibit biogeographic variations.
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Kopacz, Marek S., Cathleen P. Kane, Brady Stephens, and Wilfred R. Pigeon. "Use ofICD-9-CMDiagnosis Code V62.89 (Other Psychological or Physical Stress, Not Elsewhere Classified) Following a Suicide Attempt." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500302.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Masaki, Motofumi, and Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 2 (April 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.
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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.
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Rehm, Jürgen, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Huan Jiang, Shannon Lange, Maria Neufeld, Robin Room, Sally Casswell, Alexander Tran, and Jakob Manthey. "Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm: The Example of Lithuania, 2000–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052419.
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Due to the high levels of alcohol use, alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease, and detrimental drinking patterns, Lithuania implemented a series of alcohol control policies within a relatively short period of time, between 2008 and 2019. Based on their expected impact on alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable harm, as well as their target population, these policies have been classified using a set of objective criteria and expert opinion. The classification criteria included: positive vs. negative outcomes, mainly immediate vs. delayed outcomes, and general population vs. specific group outcomes. The judgement of the alcohol policy experts converged on the objective criteria, and, as a result, two tiers of intervention were identified: Tier 1—highly effective general population interventions with an anticipated immediate impact; Tier 2—other interventions aimed at the general population. In addition, interventions directed at specific populations were identified. This adaptable methodological approach to alcohol control policy classification is intended to provide guidance and support for the evaluation of alcohol policies elsewhere, to lay the foundation for the critical assessment of the policies to improve health and increase life expectancy, and to reduce crime and violence.
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Ridgway, Jessica P., Jessica Schmitt, Ellen Almirol, Monique Millington, Erika Harding, and David Pitrak. "Electronic data sharing between public health department and clinical providers improves accuracy of HIV retention data." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S421—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1059.
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Abstract Background Retention in care is critical for treatment and prevention of HIV. Many HIV care clinics measure retention rate, but data are often incomplete for patients who are classified as lost to follow-up but may be actually in care elsewhere, moved, or died. The Data to Care (D2C) initiative supports data sharing between health departments and HIV providers to confirm patient care status and facilitate reengagement efforts for out of care HIV patients. Methods The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) provided an electronic list to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) of adult HIV-positive patients whose retention status was not certain. Retention in care was defined as at least 2 visits >90 days apart within the prior 12 months. CDPH matched this list of patients with data from the Chicago electronic HIV surveillance database. Matches were based on patient name, including alternative spellings and phonetics, and birth date. CDPH also cross-checked patient names with the CDC’s national enhanced HIV-AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database. CDPH provided UCM with patient current care status, i.e., patient was in care elsewhere (as verified by lab data), moved out of state, or deceased. Results 780 HIV-positive patients received care in the UCM adult HIV clinic from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017. Of these, 360 were retained in care as of March 2017. We shared data with CDPH for 492 patients. Of these, 294 (59.8%) were matched, and 168 (34.1%) had a date of last medical care provided. See Table 1 for patient dispositions, before and after data sharing. 24 (13.4%) of patients believed to be lost to follow up according to UCM records were confirmed either transferred care or deceased according to health department data. Conclusion Data sharing between the health department and HIV providers can improve data accuracy regarding retention in care among people living with HIV. Disclosures J. P. Ridgway, Gilead FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; D. Pitrak, Gilead Sciences FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient
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Adetunji, Jacob Ayo. "Infant mortality in Nigeria: effects of place of birth, mother's education and region of residence." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (October 1994): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200002160x.
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SummaryThis paper examines the effects of a child's place of birth, mother's education, region of residence and rural and urban residence on infant mortality in Nigeria between 1965 and 1979, using data from the 1981/82 Nigeria Fertility Survey. Infant mortality rates declined in all regions between 1965 and 1979. Children born in modern health facilities, irrespective of their mothers' place of residence, experienced significantly lower rates of infant mortality than those born elsewhere. Logistic regression analysis showed that all other variables tested were also significant, although some to a lesser degree. Efforts to reduce infant mortality in Nigeria should include policies that rectify rural and urban differentials in the distribution of health facilities and encourage their use.
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Ericson, U., E. Wirfält, I. Mattisson, B. Gullberg, and K. Skog. "Dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in relation to socio-economic, lifestyle and other dietary factors: estimates in a Swedish population." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007352518.
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AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the dietary intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), to examine the intakes in relation to socio-economics, lifestyle and other dietary factors and to compare the classification of subjects by intake of HCA versus intake of meat and fish.DesignCross-sectional analysis within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Data were obtained from a modified diet history, a structured questionnaire on socio-economics and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements and chemical analysis of HCAs. HCA intake was cross-classified against meat and fish intake. The likelihood of being a high consumer of HCAs was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Dietary intakes were examined across quintiles of HCA intake using analysis of variance.SettingBaseline examinations conducted in 1991–1994 in Malmö, Sweden.SubjectsA sub-sample of 8599 women and 6575 men of the MDC cohort.ResultsThe mean daily HCA intake was 583 ng for women and 821 ng for men. Subjects were ranked differently with respect to HCA intake compared with intake of fried and baked meat and fish (κ = 0.13). High HCA intake was significantly associated with lower age, overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Intakes of dietary fibre, fruits and fermented milk products were negatively associated with HCA intake, while intakes of selenium, vegetables, potatoes, alcohol (among men) and non-milk-based margarines (among women) were positively associated with HCA intake.ConclusionsThe estimated daily HCA intake of 690 ng is similar to values obtained elsewhere. The present study suggests that lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intakes, and types of milk products and margarines) may confound associations between HCA intake and disease. The poor correlation between HCA intake and intakes of fried meat and fish facilitates an isolation of the health effects of HCAs.
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Patten, Scott B., and Joel Paris. "The Bipolar Spectrum—A Bridge Too Far?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 11 (November 2008): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301108.
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Objectives: To review the literature evaluating outcomes resulting from expansion of the bipolar disorder (BD) diagnostic category. We were particularly interested in identifying high-level evidence for improved clinical outcomes as documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. Methods: The English-language literature was searched using Ovid MEDLINE for studies of BD referenced against the key word spectrum. We used bibliographies and other databases to extend this search when no relevant RCTs or relevant cohort studies were identified. Results: In the MEDLINE searches, abstracts and titles of 86 studies were examined and 48 were found to be related to the topic of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). No RCTs or prospective cohort studies evaluating modified diagnostic or therapeutic practices were identified. The literature about the BSD consists mostly of expert opinion emphasizing: various links between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders; a proposal that a greater proportion of the population without a mood disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders should be diagnosed under the BD category; and, proposals that syndromes currently classified elsewhere should be subsumed under the BD category. Conclusions: Our search failed to uncover high-level evidence demonstrating the clinical utility of proposed diagnostic realignments. The widespread acceptance of the expanded spectrum concept appears to be based on interpretation of descriptive epidemiologic data by high-profile experts.
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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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Myers, Randolph R., and Tim Goddard. "Virtuous profits: Pay for success arrangements and the future of recidivism reduction." Punishment & Society 20, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516680209.
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Pay for success contracting is the latest financial instrument for funding social programs. Governments in Australia, the UK, the US, and elsewhere are piloting their use in reentry programs, youth offender programs, and a host of other initiatives aimed at homelessness, child welfare, workforce development, and preventive health care. Under a pay for success arrangement, private investors put up capital to fund a program, and if successful, a government agency will repay the investors with a yield, that is, with a profit. This article situates pay for success contracting in the context of reentry and decarceration and it theorizes how the arrangement will reverberate through new alternatives to incarceration and fundamentally change the meaning of “what works.” The article concludes by locating pay for success within the broader drift toward securitizing marginal populations under neoliberalism.
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Kim, Seongmi, Jung Yoon Jung, Geon Sik Cho, Jong Young Lee, Hye Jin Lee, Jinho Jeong, and Ahnul Ha. "Trends in Utilization of Visual Field Tests for Glaucoma Patients: A Nationwide Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Database." Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 36, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2021.0108.
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Purpose: To analyze 10-year trends in utilization of visual field tests for adult glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patients using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment data.Methods: Health claims for the years 2010 to 2019, as recorded via Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment service, were accessed. We identified glaucoma patients using the glaucoma diagnostic codes H40 (glaucoma) and H42 (glaucoma in other diseases classified elsewhere). For verification of the glaucoma diagnosis, information on any antiglaucoma medication prescriptions and ocular surgery history also was obtained. Visual field testing data was isolated using procedural codes E6690 (kinetic perimetry) and E6691 (standard automated perimetry [SAP]) performed in tertiary hospitals. Any changes in visual field test utilization were identified using regression trend analysis.Results: From 2010 to 2019, the total number of SAP procedures performed in tertiary hospitals for either glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patients increased gradually from 93,459 to 216,433. With regard to kinetic perimetry examinations, the total number decreased gradually from 6,364 to 3,792. The yearly average SAP number per patient showed a slight increase, from 1.168 to 1.248 (ß = 0.008, R2 = 0.669, p = 0.004). Meanwhile, the yearly average number of kinetic perimeter examinations per patient showed a significant decrease, from 1.093 to 0.940 (ß = -0.013, R2 = 0.580, p = 0.010).Conclusions: Between 2010 and 2019, the yearly average number of SAP procedures performed per glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patient increased in Korea. Meanwhile, the yearly average number of kinetic perimetry examinations per patient significantly decreased.
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Mitura, Krzysztof M., Jadwiga Snarska, Daniel Celiński, Dominik Maślach, Piotr K. Leszczyński, Aneta Binkowska, Leszek Szpakowski, and Sławomir D. Szajda. "ICD-10 Classification in the Practice of Emergency Medical Teams: New Insights." Emergency Medicine International 2024 (May 16, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8506561.
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The role of the emergency medical system is to provide assistance to every person in a state in the event of a sudden threat to health and life. Emergency medical teams (EMTs) are an important element of this system, making diagnoses based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The study was aimed at analysing the causes of EMT intervention based on groups of diagnoses codified according to the ICD-10. The analysis was based on data from 116,278 EMT interventions in central-eastern Poland in 2017-2019. The research showed that EMT most often made diagnoses based on groups of ICD-10 codes: R00-R99-Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (39.11%); S00-T98-Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes (18.23%); and I00-I99-Diseases of the circulatory system (15.57%). The analysis of the obtained results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.0001) regarding the area of intervention (urban, rural), sex, age of the patient, and the method of completion of the activities by EMTs in relation to the group of ICD-10 diagnoses for the diagnosis. The conducted study showed the actual reasons for EMT calls. The use of the ICD-10 classification has practical application in EMTs, as it enables the identification of a disease or health problem.
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Bannister, Frank, and Dan Remenyi. "Acts of Faith: Instinct, Value and it Investment Decisions." Journal of Information Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2000): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839620001500305.
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Although well over 1000 journal articles, conference papers, books, technical notes and theses have been written on the subject of information technology (IT) evaluation, only a relatively small subset of this literature has been concerned with the core issues of what precisely is meant by the term ‘value’ and with the process of making (specifically) IT investment decisions. All too often, the problem and highly complex issue of value is either simplified, ignored or assumed away. Instead the focus of much of the research to date has been on evaluation methodologies and, within this literature, there are different strands of thought which can be classified as partisan, composite and meta approaches to evaluation. Research shows that a small number of partisan techniques are used by most decision makers with a minority using a single technique and a majority using a mixture of such techniques of whom a substantial minority use a formal composite approach. It is argued that, in mapping the set of evaluation methodologies on to what is termed the investment opportunity space, that there is a limit to what can be achieved by formal rational evaluation methods. This limit becomes evident when decision makers fall back on ‘gut feel’ and other non-formal/rigorous ways of making decisions. It is suggested that an understanding of these more complex processes and decision making, in IT as elsewhere, needs tools drawn from philosophy and psychology.
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Wasilewski, Paweł. "Oznaczanie antymonu i jego związków w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 40, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54215/pimosp/3.119.2024.
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Antimony is used as an additive in font and bearing alloys along with other metals. Antimony in metallic form is not classified as a health hazard, while its salts have been so classified. Some antimony compounds have been classified as carcinogens. The applicable value of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) in air at workplaces is 0.5 mg/m3 (MRPiPS ordinance, 2018). The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the determination of antimony for occupational exposure assessment in the range of 1/10–2 of the proposed MAC values. The method consists of collecting antimony and its airborne compounds from an MCE filter, mineralizing the filter in aqua regia at 150°C, then determining the antimony content in the sample using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with flame atomization. The method for the determination of antimony is presented in the form of an analytical procedure, which is included in the appendix. The scope of the article includes health and environmental health and safety issues that are the subject of research in health sciences and environmental engineering
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Barry, Sarah, Malgorzata Stach, Steve Thomas, and Sara Burke. "Understanding service reorganisation in the Irish health & social care system from 1998 to 2020: lessons for reform and transformation." HRB Open Research 4 (September 24, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13342.1.
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Background: Given policy drives for integrated care and other reforms requiring service reorganisation this study analyses service reorganisation in the Irish health and social care system from 1998 to 2020 with the aim of identifying lessons for reform implementation and system learning generally. Methods: A mixed-method, co-designed study of three distinct datasets through in a policy document analysis, a thematic analysis of interviews with elite respondents, and a formal review of the international literature, sets the Irish reorganisation story in the context of services and system reorganisation elsewhere. This approach is apt given the complexity involved. Results: We find repeated policy declarations for forms of integrated care from the early 1990s in Ireland. These have not resulted in effective change across the system due to political, organisational and implementation failures. We identify poor clarity and commitment to policy and process, weak change management and resourcing, and reluctance from within the system to change established ways of working, cultures and allegiances. Given its narrative approach and identification of key lessons, this study is of use to policy makers, researchers and practitioners, clinical and managerial. It forms part of a bigger project of evidence building for the implementation of Sláintecare, Ireland’s 10-year health system reform programme. Conclusions: The paper captures important lessons for regionalisation of services delivery and other reorganisations in service-based systems more generally. We find evidence of a negative policy/implementation/practice cycle repeatedly missing opportunities for reform. Learning to break this cycle is essential for implementing Sláintecare and other complex reorganisational health reforms generally.
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Jang, Shin Yi, Su Ra Seo, Seong Kyong Kim, and Kyeongsug Kim. "Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in Korea: a nationwide population-based study." Precision and Future Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23838/pfm.2024.00079.
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Purpose: Few studies have assessed the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the Korean population.Methods: We used cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2012 and 2020. The data consisted of main diagnoses related to TMD (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision [ICD-10] code: K07.6 and K07.6x). The age-standardized prevalence of TMD was calculated using the estimated Korean population in 2020 as a reference.Results: The age-standardized prevalence of TMD increased from 604 persons per 100,000 persons in 2012 to 869 persons in 2020. In 2020, the overall age-standardized prevalence was 1,355 persons in the 10 to 19 years age group, 1,809 persons in the 20 to 29 years age group, and 979 persons in the 30 to 39 years age group. The age-standardized prevalence was approximately 1.5 times higher in females than in males (698 persons in males vs. 1,040 persons in females). Among the specific TMD subtypes, the age-standardized prevalence of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint and pain in the temporomandibular joint, not classified elsewhere, was higher than that of other specific TMDs.Conclusion: The overall age-standardized prevalence of TMD was higher in the 10s, 20s, and 30s age groups and in females between 2012 and 2020. The age-standardized prevalence of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint was the highest among specific TMD subtypes.
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Krupoff, Matthew, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, and Alexander van Geen. "Evaluating Strategies to Reduce Arsenic Poisoning in South Asia: A View from the Social Sciences." Asian Development Review 37, no. 2 (September 2020): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00148.
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The World Health Organization has labeled the problem of arsenic contamination of groundwater in South Asia as “the largest mass poisoning in human history.” Various technical solutions to the problem fall into one of two broad categories: (i) cleaning contaminated water before human consumption and (ii) encouraging people to switch to less contaminated water sources. In this paper, we review research on the behavioral, social, political, and economic factors that determine the field-level effectiveness of the suite of technical solutions and the complexities that arise when scaling such solutions to reach large numbers of people. We highlight the conceptual links between arsenic-mitigation policy interventions and other development projects in Bangladesh and elsewhere, as analyzed by development economists, that can shed light on the key social and behavioral mechanisms at play. We conclude by identifying the most promising policy interventions to counter the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh. We support a national well-testing program combined with interventions that address the key market failures (affordability, coordination failures, and elite and political capture of public funds) that currently prevent more deep-well construction in Bangladesh.
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Telemi, Edvin, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Mauricio J. Avila, Ashley L. Lukefahr, Christopher Le, and G. Michael Lemole. "Suprasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report." Surgical Neurology International 10 (April 24, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni-83-2019.
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Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare form of astrocytic neoplasm most commonly found in children and young adults. This neoplasm, which is classified as a Grade II tumor by the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system, carries a relatively favorable outcome. It is usually found supratentorially in cortical regions of the cerebral hemispheres, and as such, presenting symptoms are similar to other supratentorial cortical neoplasms; with seizures being a common initial symptom. Due to the rarity of this type of neoplasm, PXA arising elsewhere in the brain is often not included in the initial differential diagnosis. Case Description: This report presents an extremely rare patient with PXA arising in the suprasellar region who presented with progressive peripheral vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous suprasellar mass with cystic and enhancing components initially; the most likely differential diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of the tumor. Microscopically, the tumor was consistent with a glial neoplasm with variable morphology. Based on these findings along with further immunohistochemical workup, the patient was diagnosed with a PXA arising in the suprasellar region. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of recurrence. Although rare PXA originating in other uncommon locations, such as the spinal cord, cerebellum, the ventricular system, and the pineal region have been previously described. Conclusion: Although rare, PXA should be included in the differential diagnosis for solid-cystic tumors arising in the suprasellar region in young adults.
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Jones, Marshall B., and Donald R. Jones. "Specificity of Effect in Psychiatric Research*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 1 (February 1992): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700109.
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In the last ten years the genes responsible for Huntington's disease and several other neurological disorders have been localized to specific chromosomes. Huntington's disease is now known to be caused by a gene on the short arm of chromosome 4. While these advances are welcome, they also pose a problem. All studies to date have been passive observational studies; none has been experimental. Arguably the most successful and significant attributions of cause in neurological history have been achieved by non experimental methods. This realization is somewhat disconcerting, considering that virtually all textbooks in epidemiology insist that true experiments (randomized trials) are the prime means of establishing cause. One cannot help but ask how these unauthorized successes were achieved. What are the principles of investigation that made them possible? In this paper we argue that the recent advances in neurological genetics, along with much else in human genetics, depend heavily on “specificity of effect.” Just what this principle is and how it allows successful attribution of cause is explained. Various applications elsewhere in the medical and behavioural sciences and in psychiatry are discussed.
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Bønnelykke, Birgitte. "Social class and human twinning." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018745.
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SummaryIn a comparative study to examine the effect of social factors on human twinning, data on sociodemographic and other factors were collected from parents of all twins born alive in Denmark in 1984 or 1985 and from a random sample of parents of singleton infants born in the same years. A postal questionnaire was used. The twins were classified as monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) twins by the similarity method. A trend was found in DZ-twinning, with significantly fewer DZ-twins born in the lower social classes, but not in MZ-twinning. All results were controlled for maternal age and parity.
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Jankajová, Erika, Martin Kotus, Tomáš Holota, and Martin Zach. "Risk Assessment of Handling Loads in Production Process." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020449.
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This paper deals with the evaluation of risks in the production process. The possible hazards were determined in the production of plastic windows and security measures were proposed. The level of risk were evaluated by using the extended point method, where were defined the probability and consequence of events as well as the opinion of the evaluator. The level of the risk is calculated as the multiplication of these three parameters and is classified into categories: Negligible, moderate, precarious, Adverse and unacceptable. The levels of hazard and safety measures are defined for employees for the manual handling of loads. The highest level of the risk (precarious) was achieved in danger of spine injury, where the risk cannot be accepted without protective measures. Other monitored threats (overload, wrick, fall of the load etc.) are classified in negligible risk or moderate risk that is acceptable or acceptable in increased attention. By compliance of suggested precautions it is possible to achieve the minimization of health threats of employees at work.
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Gyamfi, Nana Kwame, Richard Dayie, and Eric Kofi Asiedu. "Challenges to Scaling up Mhealth in Ghana. A Framework for Assessing the Health System." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 458–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19033.
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The promise for improving healthcare services has been confirmed by mobile device technology, but the decision-making process to acquire and use mHealth technologies on a scale is not directed. We apply a methodology to assess the potential and difficulties of efficient deployment of the mHealth at a scale in healthcare systems using the instance of Community Base Health Services (CBS) in Ghana. The advantage and difficulties of mHealth in community-based services in Ghana were examined in comprehensive research via a blend of key informant interviews, document reviews, and local project visits. The lessons gained from Ghana's local experience and elsewhere were based on a framework adjusted from 3 approaches to sustainable information and Communication Technology (ICT) evaluation. Four major characteristics of the system have been identified and evaluated: government stewardship and organizational, technical, and financial system. The prospects for successfully implementing mHealth in Ghana include the high penetration of mobile devices and a favorable e-health policy framework. Again, given a health system with a weal ICT setting and limited implementing ability, it is doubtful if the potential benefits of mHealth would benefit CBS through direct broad-scale adoption. The application of a healthcare system framework facilitates a systematic assessment of possible barriers to CBS growth in Ghana and is helpful for decision-making policy and practice for other small and medium enterprises.
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Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey. "Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 5, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/082.
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Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate gland (SRCCP) an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumour of the prostate gland which is characterized by histopathology examination features of compression of the nucleus into the form of a crescent by a large cytoplasmic vacuole. SRCCPs that have so far been reported have been either (a) primary tumours, metastatic tumours with the primary tumour elsewhere with the gastro-intestinal tract being the site of the primary tumour but the primary tumour could originate elsewhere, and additionally some reported SRCCPs have been classified as carcinoma of unknown primary. SRCCP could be a pure tumour or a tumour that is contemporaneously associated with other types of tumour including various variants of adenocarcinoma. SRCCP can manifest in various ways including: Incidental finding following prostatectomy that has been undertaken for a presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, visible and non-visible haematuria, raised levels of serum PSA but some SRCCPs have been diagnosed with normal / low levels of serum PSA, there may be a history of dyspepsia in cases of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma in association with contemporaneous primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach or there may be a past history of surgical treatment for signet-ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in cases of upper gastrointestinal tract and rectal bleeding as well as change in bowel habit for primary tumours of the anorectal region, retention of urine, and rarely a rectal mass in the case of SRCCP with an anorectal primary tumour. In order to exclude a primary signet ring cell carcinoma elsewhere, a detailed past medical history is required as well as radiology imaging including contrast – enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan as well as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy to exclude a primary lesion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of SRCCP requires utilization of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination features of prostate biopsy, prostatic chips obtained from trans-urethral resection of prostate specimen or radical prostatectomy specimen. SRCCPs upon immunohistochemistry staining studies tend to show tumour that tend to exhibit positive staining for the following tumour markers as follows: PSA – positive staining for PSA has been variable in some studies, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 with a mean of 8%, PAS-diastase, Mucicarmine (50%), Alcian blue (60%), Alpha-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase (P504S), and Cytokeratin 5/6. SRCCPs also tend to exhibit negative staining for: Bcl2 (rare positive), and CEA (80%). Traditionally the treatment of Primary Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland has tended to be similar to the treatment of the traditional adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland which does include: hormonal treatment, radiotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, considering that primary SRCCPs and metastatic SRCCPs that have been reported in the literature have generally tended to be associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, even though there is no consensus opinion on the treatment of the disease it would be strongly recommended that these tumours that tend to be associated with rapid progress of the disease and poor survival there is an urgent need to treat all these tumours with aggressive surgery including radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant therapies including: radical radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy, selective prostatic angiography and super-selective embolization of the artery feeding the tumour including intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapy agents directly to the tumour, radiofrequency ablation of the tumour as well as irreversible electroporation of the tumour which should form part of a global multicentre study of various treatment options. With regard to metastatic signet-ring cell carcinomas of the prostate gland with a contemporaneous primary tumour elsewhere the primary tumour should also be treated by radical and complete excision of the primary tumour plus radical surgery and aggressive adjuvant therapy. Considering that SRCCPs have tendered not to respond well to available chemotherapy agents, there is need for urologists, oncologists, and pharmacotherapy research workers to identify new chemotherapy medicaments that would more effectively and safely destroy signet-ring cell tumours in order to improve upon the prognosis.
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Xu, Feng, Zhaofu Li, Shuyu Zhang, Naitao Huang, Zongyao Quan, Wenmin Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Xiaosan Jiang, Jianjun Pan, and Alexander V. Prishchepov. "Mapping Winter Wheat with Combinations of Temporally Aggregated Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Data in Shandong Province, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122065.
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Winter wheat is one of the major cereal crops in China. The spatial distribution of winter wheat planting areas is closely related to food security; however, mapping winter wheat with time-series finer spatial resolution satellite images across large areas is challenging. This paper explores the potential of combining temporally aggregated Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI data available via the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for mapping winter wheat in Shandong Province, China. First, six phenological median composites of Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI reflectance measures were generated by a temporal aggregation technique according to the winter wheat phenological calendar, which covered seedling, tillering, over-wintering, reviving, jointing-heading and maturing phases, respectively. Then, Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to classify multi-temporal composites but also mono-temporal winter wheat development phases and mono-sensor data. The results showed that winter wheat could be classified with an overall accuracy of 93.4% and F1 measure (the harmonic mean of producer’s and user’s accuracy) of 0.97 with temporally aggregated Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data were combined. As our results also revealed, it was always good to classify multi-temporal images compared to mono-temporal imagery (the overall accuracy dropped from 93.4% to as low as 76.4%). It was also good to classify Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery combined instead of classifying them individually. The analysis showed among the mono-temporal winter wheat development phases that the maturing phase’s and reviving phase’s data were more important than the data for other mono-temporal winter wheat development phases. In sum, this study confirmed the importance of using temporally aggregated Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI data combined and identified key winter wheat development phases for accurate winter wheat classification. These results can be useful to benefit on freely available optical satellite data (Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI) and prioritize key winter wheat development phases for accurate mapping winter wheat planting areas across China and elsewhere.
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Olayanju, Oluseyi. "The prospects of litigation to secure maternal health in Nigeria: Does SERAP v Attorney-General Lagos have any value?" African Human Rights Law Journal 23, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 278–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2023/v23n2a3.
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Blood transfusions play a crucial role in addressing obstetric complications such as post-partum haemorrhage and anaemia that contribute to maternal deaths. The right to health guaranteed by numerous international human rights instruments, national constitutions and legislation obligates governments to ensure that women have access to interventions to prevent maternal mortality. In 2020 a health policy in Lagos State, Nigeria, providing that, in the event that patients are likely to need a blood transfusion, such as pregnant women, spouses and relatives are required to donate blood as a condition for accessing maternity and health services in government-run health facilities, was the subject of a High Court ruling. The judgment declared the policy to be a breach of some human rights guaranteed by the Nigerian Constitution, legislation and international instruments that the country had ratified. Additionally, the judge noted that the policy contributed to maternal deaths. Consequent to the above, this article explores the contribution of human rights litigation and the ensuing verdicts to the protection of maternal health globally, and in light of these evaluates the value of the judgment in particular. A few national and international cases involving other countries that depict the strides that have been made in the use of human rights litigation to protect maternal health are presented to enable an appreciation of the extent to which human rights litigation has been used to support maternal mortality reduction efforts. A critical appraisal of the Lagos State court's decision with a view to determining its potential to contribute to maternal mortality reduction efforts in Nigeria and elsewhere is then embarked upon. The finding is that despite certain flaws identified in the judgment, it makes a valuable contribution to the protection of maternal health and, by extension, the reduction of maternal mortality in Nigeria.
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Benner, Mats. "Interpreting the global bio-economy." Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090299.
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THIS BOOK IS AN INSIGHTFUL and theoretically ambitious anthropological study of the genomics and biotech industries in the United States and India. These and related science-based sectors form part of the bio-economy, a larger complex of manufacturing, service, and research and development (R&D) activities, grounded increasingly in advancements in the biological sciences. In his groundbreaking study, Kaushik Sunder Rajan seeks to explain the intersection between biological knowledge ? the new knowledge of life itself ? and the economic accumulation process in which large pharmaceutical firms are dominant actors. The most striking manifestation of the bio-economy is the emergence of thousands of small biotechnology and other science-intensive start-up firms. These populate areas close to major universities in the developed parts of the world ? in California, Massachusetts, the Cambridge region in the United Kingdom, and elsewhere ? but have emerged also in some centres in developing countries. This is described in Sunder Rajan?s empirical analysis which investigates the global evolution of the bio-economy, with a particular focus on India and California. He explains the interdependencies between giant pharmaceutical companies and small dedicated biotechnology firms, which operate in conjunction with a myriad of intermediaries, such as venture capitalist firms that provide funding for promising science and facilitate interaction between different bio-economic actors.
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Heale, Roberta, Simone Dahrouge, Sharon Johnston, and Joan E. Tranmer. "Characteristics of Nurse Practitioner Practice in Family Health Teams in Ontario, Canada." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 19, no. 3-4 (August 15, 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154418792538.
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Nurse practitioners (NPs) in Ontario work in a number of settings, including physician-led, interprofessional Family Health Teams (FHTs). However, many aspects of NP practice within the FHTs are unknown. Our study aimed to describe the characteristics of NP practice in FHTs and the relationships between NPs and physicians within this model. This cross-sectional descriptive study analyzed NP service and diagnostic code data collected for every NP patient encounter from 2012 to 2015. Encounter data were linked to health administrative data housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences to allow for comparison with physician service and diagnostic codes. Findings demonstrated that NPs saw patients across all age groups for one to more than five problems per encounter and that NPs handled both acute and episodic care and chronic disease management issues. Patients with chronic conditions had more encounters with physicians than with NPs. In addition, compared to physicians, NPs saw more female than male patients. Our findings provide a snapshot of NP practice in FHTs and may be useful in informing other practice models in Ontario, elsewhere in Canada, and internationally. More evidence is needed, however, to clarify the responsibilities of the NPs in collaborative relationships with physicians and to embed policies that will ensure that NPs work to their full potential. In addition, applying service coding to all health care providers in FHTs could enhance data on interprofessional teams and the individual clinicians that comprise them.
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Lee, Kwang Ho. "A Study on the CIT Analysis of New Senior Golf Mania’s Perception of Golf Consumption." World Society of Taekwondo Culture 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2023.38.1.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the positive and negative consumption perceptions formed by new senior golf enthusiasts using CIT. There were 20 participants in the study, and the data analysis used the categorization method suggested by Hoffman, Kelley & Rotalsky(1995). As a result of the study, First, negative perceptions of golf consumption were classified into three top categories in the order of ‘sad athletic ability’ (42.3%), ‘price dissatisfaction’ (36.5%), and ‘human service dissatisfaction’ (21.2%). Second, the positive perception of golf consumption was classified in the order of ‘saving consumption’ (36.5%), ‘meeting with each other’ (31.3%), and ‘pleasant charm’ (31.3%) as three top categories. In conclusion, the participants of this study, golf enthusiasts of the new senior generation, strongly showed an ego-centered consumption perception that prioritizes themselves over others, and health, fun, and competition were important psychological factors driving golf consumption.
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Rajeshreddy V., S. G. S., and Lokesh V. Patil. "Causality assessment and the severity of the adverse drug reactions in tertiary care hospital: a pharmacovigilance study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175073.
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Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a major clinical problem in terms of human suffering and increased health care costs. To study the adverse drug reactions reported in a tertiary care hospital and study of causality assessment and severity of adverse drug reaction (ADR) cases reported.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted as part of pharmacovigilance program over 12months between September 2015 and August 2016. Adverse drug reactions reported from hospital were filled into Suspected ADR - CDSCO forms and submitted to pharmacovigilance unit. Causal relationship was assessed and categorized by Naranjo’s algorithm and WHO - UMC causality scale. The severity of each ADR was assessed using Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale.Results: Total 120 cases were reported over 12 months. Among them, 66% were in males and 55% were in females. The majority of ADRs were due to antimicrobial agents (40.78%) followed by haematinics (12%) and anti-epileptics (10%). Maximum number of patients (30.25%) reported with dermatological manifestations. Highest number of ADRs was reported from the department of medicine (45%). As per Naranjo’s scale, 54% reports were assessed as probable and 46% classified as possible. Majority of cases were mild to moderate in severity.Conclusions: The pattern of ADRs reported in our hospital is similar with the pattern of studies conducted in other hospitals elsewhere. This study provides a database of ADRs due to commonly used drugs in our hospital, which will help clinicians for their optimum and safe use. Hence effective pharmacovigilance is required for the use of these drugs and their safety assessment.
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Wood, Geof. "Situating informal welfare within imperfect well-being regimes." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 31, no. 2 (June 2015): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2015.1047786.
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This paper reflects upon the position of the nation state and non-state-centred actors in the support for welfare and the security of agency. In particular it argues that the normative agenda of rights-based autonomous security is undermined by the social facts of dependent, personalised and thus precarious security. The roles of other actors above and below the nation state are thus significant in any analysis of power relations, social reproduction and policy outcomes. In many middle- and lower-income countries, the problem for state actors is that power, authority and, more problematically, legitimacy lies significantly elsewhere across the domain of state, market, community and household. Aspects of globalisation can thereby interact directly with sub-national entities by-passing and undermining the state: multinational corporations, international donors, international non-governmental organisations, remittances, wider faith movements and cross-border ethnic solidarities. This is clearly a complicated institutional landscape within which to formulate the idea of responsibility for social policy and consider its intersecting role with international development.
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Stovold, Elizabeth Margaret. "Twitter Users with Access to Academic Library Services Request Health Sciences Literature through Social Media." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8k37q.
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A Review of:
Swab, M., & Romme, K. (2016). Scholarly sharing via Twitter: #icanhazpdf requests for health sciences literature. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 37(1), 6-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c16-009
Abstract
Objective – To analyze article sharing requests for health sciences literature on Twitter, received through the #icanhazpdf protocol.
Design – Social media content analysis.
Setting – Twitter.
Subjects – 302 tweets requesting health sciences articles with the #icanhazpdf tag.
Methods – The authors used a subscription service called RowFeeder to collect public tweets posted with the hashtag #icanhazpdf between February and April 2015. Rowfeeder recorded the Twitter user name, location, date and time, URL, and content of the tweet. The authors excluded all retweets and then each reviewed one of two sets. They recorded the geographic region and affiliation of the requestor, whether the tweet was a request or comment, type of material requested, how the item was identified, and if the subject of the request was health or non-health. Health requests were further classified using the Scopus subject category of the journal. A journal could be classified with more than one category. Any uncertainties during the coding process were resolved by both authors reviewing the tweet and reaching a consensus.
Main results – After excluding all the retweets and comments, 1079 tweets were coded as heath or non-health related. A final set of 302 health related requests were further analyzed. Almost all the requests were for journal articles (99%, n=300). The highest-ranking subject was medicine (64.9%, n=196), and the lowest was dentistry (0.3%, n=1). The most common article identifier was a link to the publisher’s website (50%, n=152), followed by a link to the PubMed record (22%, n=67). Articles were also identified by citation information (11%, n=32), DOI (5%, n=14), a direct request to an individual (3%, n=9), another method (2%, n=6), or multiple identifiers (7%, n=22). The majority of requests originated from the UK and Ireland (29.1%, n=88), the United States (26.5%, n=80), and the rest of Europe (19.2%, n=58. Many requests came from people with affiliations to an academic institution (45%, n=136). These included librarians (3.3%, n=10), students (13.6%, n=41), and academics (28.1%, n=85). When tweets of unknown affiliation were excluded (n=117), over 70% of the requests were from people with academic links. Other requesters included journalists, clinicians, non-profit organisations, patients, and industry employees. The authors examined comments in the tweets to gain some understanding of the reasons for seeking articles through #icanhazpdf, although this was not the primary focus of their study. A preliminary examination of the comments suggested that users value the ease, convenience, and the ability to connect with other researchers that social media offers.
Conclusion – The authors concluded that the number of requests for health sciences literature through this channel is modest, but health librarians should be aware of #icanhazpdf as another method through which their users might seek to obtain articles. The authors recommend further research into the reasons why users sometimes choose social media over the library to obtain articles.
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Fatton, Robert. "The Paradoxes of the Pandemic and World Inequalities." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090332.
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While causing over 150,000 deaths in Africa, the spread of the COVID-19 virus did not produce the expected hecatomb. Clearly, the crisis is not over and with the emergence of new variants, the death toll could increase significantly. So far, however, COVID-19 has caused fewer African victims than elsewhere. Explaining this reality remains difficult and speculative. It appears, however, that a major reason might be the continent’s very young population and the fact that it enjoys relatively low levels of obesity. These two factors have played a significant role in the high COVID-19 mortality rate in the most affected industrialized countries. In addition, many African countries have learned how to deal with health emergencies from their past experiences with other major pandemics. A final and more controversial explanation of the low death rate in the region is that in their fight against malaria, Africans have used hydroxychloroquine—a medicine that has allegedly curbed the effects of COVID-19—on a mass scale and for generations. COVID-19 has also had crippling consequences for the continent’s already debilitated economies and raised poverty to alarming levels. The pandemic has also highlighted the persistence of narrow nationalistic interests, as well as the massive inequalities of wealth and power that structure the global system. This is evident in the very uneven worldwide distribution of the COVID-19 vaccines.
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Jasiura, Adam, Wiktoria Lipczyńska, Konrad Warchoł, Mateusz Gorzel, Agata Justyńska, Hanna Krafzik, Przemysław Stępień, and Hubert Kasprzak. "Particulate matter – a cancerous threat to our health?" Journal of Education, Health and Sport 50, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.50.01.002.
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Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) as a part of outdoor air pollutants are classified as human carcinogens. They are formed majorly as a result of combustion process by industry, power plants and engines. PM can be divided by the size of their particles into PM2.5 and PM10, where PM2.5 are small enough to penetrate into the alveoli sacs in the lung reaching the bloodstream, whereas PM10 affect mostly oral cavity, nose and the throat.
Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2.5 and PM10 particle concentrations in the EU NUTS 2 subregions on the death rates due to the most common malignant neoplasms.
Results: There is a positive moderate correlation (r = 0.421; p < 0.001) between the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 and deaths due to malignant tumors. The strongest correlation was observed for malignant neoplasms of larynx, which is a positive correlation with a strong effect (r = 0.641; p < 0.001); and malignant neoplasm of bladder (r = 0.523; p < 0.001). For PM10, there is a moderately weak positive correlation (r = 0,195; p = 0.008) between the annual average concentration of PM10 and deaths due to malignant tumors. The strongest correlation was observed for malignant neoplasms of larynx, which is a positive correlation with a strong effect (r = 0,551; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The effect of PM impact on the malignant neoplasms is strong to moderate. The most affected neoplasm site are the ones the PMs intake occurs, being in the respiratory system. However other sites, where PMs can accumulate can be impacted as well. Further studies about the population with the highest risk due to the PMs exposure may be beneficial as other non-air quality-connected predictors may be found.
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Holst, Søren, Dorte Lystrup, and John L. Taylor. "Firesetters with intellectual disabilities in Denmark." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-10-2019-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gather epidemiologicalinformation concerning firesetters with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Denmark to identify the assessment and treatment needs of this population and inform further research in this area. Design/methodology/approach The records held by the Danish Ministry of Justice concerning all firesetters with ID convicted of deliberate firesetting were reviewed for the period January 2001 to December 2010 inclusive. File information was extracted for 83 offenders concerning: demographic and personal characteristics; mental health characteristics; offending behaviour; offence-specific factors; and motives for offending. A sub-group of seven offenders were interviewed to explore some of the themes that emerged from the file review. Findings The majority of study participants were male and were classified as having mild ID and around 50 per cent had additional mental health problems. Many came from disturbed and deprived backgrounds. Two-thirds had set more than one fire and over 60 per cent had convictions for offences other than firesetting. Alcohol was involved in the firesetting behaviour in a significant proportion of cases (25 per cent). The motives for setting fires were – in descending order – communication (of anger, frustration and distress), fire fascination and vandalism. Interviews with participants indicated the important communicative function of firesetting, the difficulties people had in talking about and acknowledging their firesetting behaviour, and lack of access to targeted interventions. Research limitations/implications Interventions for Danish firesetters with ID, as for firesetters with ID elsewhere, need to target the communicative function of this behaviour, along with offenders’ lack of insight and initial reluctance to accept responsibility for their behaviour and associated risks. Adjunctive treatment is required to address the psychiatric comorbidity experienced by many of these offenders, along with the alcohol use/misuse that is associated with many of these offences. Originality/value This is the first study concerning nature and needs of firesetters with ID in Denmark.
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Phillips, Richard Odame, Lucy Owusu, Eric Koka, Edmond Kwaku Ocloo, Hope Simpson, Abigail Agbanyo, Daniel Okyere, et al. "Development of an integrated and decentralised skin health strategy to improve experiences of skin neglected tropical diseases and other skin conditions in Atwima Mponua District, Ghana." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): e0002809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002809.
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Integrated strategies are recommended to tackle neglected tropical diseases of the skin (skin NTDs), which pose a substantial health and economic burden in many countries, including Ghana. We describe the development of an integrated and decentralised skin health strategy designed to improve experiences of skin NTDs in Atwima Mponua district in Ashanti Region. A multidisciplinary research team led an iterative process to develop an overall strategy and specific interventions, based on a theory of change informed by formative research conducted in Atwima Mponua district. The process involved preparatory work, four co-development workshops (August 2021 to November 2022), collaborative working groups to operationalise intervention components, and obtaining ethical approval. Stakeholders including affected individuals, caregivers, other community members and actors from different levels of the health system participated in co-development activities. We consulted these stakeholders at each stage of the research process, including discussion of study findings, development of our theory of change, identifying implementable solutions to identified challenges, and protocol development. Participants determined that the intervention should broadly address wounds and other skin conditions, rather than only skin NTDs, and should avoid reliance on non-governmental organisations and research teams to ensure sustainable implementation by district health teams and transferability elsewhere. The overall strategy was designed to focus on a decentralised model of care for skin conditions, while including other interventions to support a self-care delivery pathway, community engagement, and referral. Our theory of change describes the pathways through which these interventions are expected to achieve the strategy’s aim, the assumptions, and problems addressed. This complex intervention strategy has been designed to respond to the local context, while maximising transferability to ensure wider relevance. Implementation is expected to begin in 2023.
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RAFIEE, LALEH, and MOSTAFA SAADAT. "PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG IRANIAN GEORGIANS." Journal of Biosocial Science 43, no. 1 (June 28, 2010): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932010000295.
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SummaryConsanguineous marriage – marriage between relatives – has received a great deal of attention as a potential risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. The present cross-sectional study was done in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages among Iranian Georgians living in Frydoonshahr (Isfahan province, central Iran). Data on consanguineous marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in this study was 646. Consanguineous marriage was classified by the degree of relationship between couples. First cousin marriages (14.2%) were the most common type of consanguineous marriages, followed by second cousin (7.0%), beyond second cousin (1.5%) and first cousin once removed (0.6%). The mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was calculated as 0.0104 for the population. The present study shows that the study population, as other Iranian populations, has a high level of consanguinity.
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Sato, Toshiaki, Yuki Kawakatsu, Miki Takahata, Shuhei Muraoka, Daisuke Kudo, Shinji Satake, and Aaron Eakman. "0093 Chronotypic characteristics of sleep, mental health, and daily life of Japanese university of health sciences students." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0093.
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Abstract Introduction Students’ lifestyles change after entering the university negatively impacting effective sleep regulation, daytime alertness, motivation to learn, and mental health. An evening chronotype has been increasingly associated with negative impacts upon performance and well-being. Greater understanding of chronotype differences in sleep-related, mental health, and daily life characteristics is needed to develop a sleep health promoting intervention. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive design among health sciences students (nursing, occupational therapy and physical therapy) in a Japanese university. The Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-J) was used to create morning (M), intermediate (I), and evening (E) chronotype groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among chronotype groups by sleep, mental health, and daily life characteristics. We assessed insomnia severity (ISI-J), sleep quality (PSQI-J), sleep hygiene (SHPS-J), daytime sleepiness and dysfunctional sleep beliefs; depression (JCES-D) and anxiety; and time use in club, commuting, sleep, and work, as well as engagement in meaningful day-to-day activities (EMAS-J), significant group differences were explored post-hoc. Results Of 369 students there were 21% classified as M chronotype, 63% as I, and 16 % as E; an approximate 1:3:1 ratio. Sleep quality was progressively better as chronotype advanced from E, to I, to M (PSQI-J: d range 0.41-1.07); along with sleep problems being less likely (ISI-J: d range 0.45-1.16). Sleep hygiene practices were most effective for the M chronotype, followed by I then E (SHPS-J: d range 0.49-1.14). No group differences were found in daytime sleepiness or dysfunctional sleep beliefs. Depression symptoms were greater in the E chronotype compared to I and M (JCES-D: d range 0.52-0.84). M chronotypes reported the longest commuting times (d range 0.45-0.55). No differences were found in sleep duration or time spent in other activity types. Lastly, M chronotypes reported engaging in more meaningful activities compared to E (EMAS-J: d = 0.47). Conclusion Sleep health lifestyle intervention should target chronotype preference to be less evening-like, thereby promoting sleep quality and mental health. Intervention could tailor sleep hygiene beliefs and skills to address sleep timing, pre-sleep arousal and environment regulation according to individuals’ daily life characteristics and chronotype differences. Support (if any)
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Pearson, Jennie, Kate Shannon, Andrea Krüsi, Melissa Braschel, Jennifer McDermid, Brittany Bingham, and Shira M. Goldenberg. "Barriers to Governmental Income Supports for Sex Workers during COVID-19: Results of a Community-Based Cohort in Metro Vancouver." Social Sciences 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090383.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into stark focus the economic inequities faced by precarious, criminalized and racialized workers. Sex workers have been historically excluded from structural supports due to criminalization and occupational stigma. Given emerging concerns regarding sex workers’ inequitable access to COVID-19 income supports in Canada and elsewhere, our objective was to identify prevalence and correlates of accessing emergency income supports among women sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. Data were drawn from a longstanding community-based open cohort (AESHA) of cis and trans women sex workers in Metro Vancouver from April 2020–April 2021 (n = 208). We used logistic regression to model correlates of access to COVID-19 income supports. Among 208 participants, 52.9% were Indigenous, 6.3% Women of Colour (Asian, Southeast Asian, or Black), and 40.9% white. Overall, 48.6% reported accessing income supports during the pandemic. In adjusted multivariable analysis, non-injection drug use was associated with higher odds of accessing COVID-19 income supports (aOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.31–5.07), whereas Indigenous women faced reduced odds (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30–1.01). In comparison with other service workers, access to income supports among sex workers was low overall, particularly for Indigenous sex workers, demonstrating the compounding impacts of colonization and disproportionate criminalization of Indigenous sex workers. Results highlight the need for structural supports that are low-barrier and culturally-safe to support sex workers’ health, safety and dignity.
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Kandasoglu, Habibe, and Sibel Unsal Delialioglu. "Adherence to complete decongestive therapy in patients with postmastectomy lymphedema and related factors." Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 70, no. 2 (May 16, 2024): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2024.12178.
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Objectives: The study aimed to determine the rates of adherence to phase 2 components of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and related factors among patients with postmastectomy lymphedema. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 female patients (mean age: 54.4±8.0 years; range, 24 to 65 years) with unilateral postmastectomy lymphedema who completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had previously undergone CDT phase 1 at our clinic or elsewhere between May 2018 and May 2019. Patients were included in the study at their usual visit to the lymphedema polyclinic. After physical examination, study questionnaires that involved patients’ demographic and clinic data and Lymphedema Quality of Life scores were recorded. Patients who applied CDT phase 2 methods four days a week or more frequently were considered adherent, while those who applied these methods less frequently or who never applied these methods were considered nonadherent. The body mass index (BMI) scores were classified based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. Results: Lymphedema stages of the patients were Stage I in 33.3% (n=30), Stage II in 60% (n=54), and Stage III in 6.7% (n=6). The rates of adherence were 74.4% (n=67) for skin care, 46.6% (n=42) for compression garment use, 42.2% (n=38) for self-massage, 42.2% (n=38) for exercise, and 18.8% (n=17) for multilayer bandaging. The rate of adherence to the multilayer bandaging method was found to be significantly higher in the obese group (BMI >30) than in the other BMI groups. Conclusion: Patient adherence to CDT phase 2 was not sufficient except for the skin care component. There was a significant relationship between BMI and adherence to multilayer bandaging.
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Martina, Cecily, and Bradley Jones. "Employing Evidence: Does it Have a Job in Vocational Libraries?" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83w2d.
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Objective - Evidence based librarianship (EBL) springs from medical and academic origins. As librarians are tertiary educated (only occasionally with supplementary qualifications covering research and statistics) EBL has had an academic focus. The EBL literature has significant content from school and university perspectives, but has had little, if any, vocational content. This paper suggests a possible Evidence Based Librarianship context for vocational libraries.
Methods - A multidisciplinary scan of evidence based literature was undertaken, covering medicine and allied health, librarianship, law, science and education. National and international vocational education developments were examined. The concept and use of evidence in vocational libraries was considered.
Results - Library practice can generally benefit from generic empirical science methodologies used elsewhere. Different areas, however, may have different concepts of what constitutes evidence and appropriate methodologies. Libraries also need to reflect the evidence used in their host organisations. The Australian vocational librarian has been functioning in an evidence based educational sector: national, transportable, prescriptive, competency based and outcome driven Training Packages. These require a qualitatively different concept of evidence compared to other educational sectors as they reflect pragmatic, economic, employability outcomes.
Conclusions - Vocational and other librarians have been doing research but need to be more systematic about design and analysis. Librarians need to develop ‘evidence literacy’ as one of their professional evaluation skills. Libraries will need to utilise evidence relevant to their host organisations to establish and maintain credibility, and in the vocational sector this is set in a competency based framework. Competency based measures are becoming increasingly relevant in school and university (including medical) education.
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Harris, Ryley C., Lisa M. Kennedy, Thomas J. Pingel, and Valerie A. Thomas. "Assessment of Canopy Health with Drone-Based Orthoimagery in a Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Forest." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061341.
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Consumer-grade drone-produced digital orthoimagery is a valuable tool for conservation management and enables the low-cost monitoring of remote ecosystems. This study demonstrates the applicability of RGB orthoimagery for the assessment of forest health at the scale of individual trees in a 46-hectare plot of rare southern Appalachian red spruce forest on Whitetop Mountain, Virginia. We used photogrammetric Structure from Motion software Pix4Dmapper with drone-collected imagery to generate a mosaic for point cloud reconstruction and orthoimagery of the plot. Using 3-band RBG digital orthoimagery, we visually classified 9402 red spruce individuals, finding 8700 healthy (92.5%), 251 declining/dying (2.6%), and 451 dead (4.8%). We mapped individual spruce trees in each class and produced kernel density maps of health classes (live, dead, and dying). Our approach provided a nearly gap-free assessment of the red spruce canopy in our study site, versus a much more time-intensive field survey. Our maps provided useful information on stand mortality patterns and canopy gaps that could be used by managers to identify optimal locations for selective thinning to facilitate understory sapling regeneration. This approach, dependent mainly on an off-the-shelf drone system and visual interpretation of orthoimagery, could be applied by land managers to measure forest health in other spruce, or possibly spruce-fir, communities in the Appalachians. Our study highlights the usefulness of drone-produced orthoimagery for conservation monitoring, presenting a valid and accessible protocol for the monitoring and assessment of forest health in remote spruce, and possibly other conifer, populations. Adoption of drone-based monitoring may be especially useful in light of climate change and the possible displacement of southern Appalachian red spruce (and spruce-fir) ecosystems by the upslope migration of deciduous trees.
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Aldridge, Meryl, and Christopher J. Brotherton. "Being a Programme Authority: Is it Worthwhile?" Journal of Social Policy 16, no. 3 (July 1987): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015944.
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ABSTRACTNottingham is one of 23 local authorities designated as ‘programme authorities’ under the Inner Urban Areas Act 1978. Between 1983 and 1985 the authors carried out research into the formulation of inner city policy, its application to the Radford area in particular and the opinions of residents there about its impact. Interviews with a wide range of those involved with policy including local authority officers and members and representatives of the police, the health authority and regional Department of the Environment (DoE) revealed considerable institutional and political barriers to a joint inner city strategy in a shire district, even where the same party holds political control. Structures set up to liaise are cordial but clumsy, slow and very much removed from daily service delivery. As elsewhere, the local authorities are critical of lack of central government commitment to this part of the Urban Programme, but nevertheless work well with regional DoE. Paradoxically, however, despite their criticisms of a lack of central funds and of inappropriate spatial and other parameters, the local authority and health authority respondents are anxious for the Programme to continue as it provides both the resources and the justification for innovatory and redistributive projects which would otherwise have been financially and politically impossible.
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Kaplan, Gordana, Resul Comert, Onur Kaplan, Dilek Kucuk Matci, and Ugur Avdan. "Using Machine Learning to Extract Building Inventory Information Based on LiDAR Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100517.
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The extraction of building inventory information is vital for damage assessment and planning and modelling studies. In the last few years, the conventional data extraction for building inventory was overcome using various remote sensing data and techniques. The main objectives of this study were to supply the necessary data for the structural engineers to calculate the seismic performance of existing structures. Thus, we investigated light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derivatives data to classify buildings and extract building inventory information, such as different heights of the buildings and footprint area. The most important data to achieve this was also investigated and classified using machine learning methods, such as Random Forest, Random Tree, and Optimized Forest, over the object-based segmentation results. All of the machine learning methods successfully classified the buildings with high accuracy, whereas the other methods outperformed RT. The height and footprint area results show that the archived sensitivity of the building inventory information is sufficient for the data to be further used in different applications, such as detailed structural health monitoring. Overall, this study presents a methodology that can accurately extract building information. In light of the results, future studies can be directed for investigations on determining the construction year using remote sensing data, such as multi-temporal satellite imagery.
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CHANNON, ANDREW A. R. "CAN MOTHERS JUDGE THE SIZE OF THEIR NEWBORN? ASSESSING THE DETERMINANTS OF A MOTHER'S PERCEPTION OF A BABY'S SIZE AT BIRTH." Journal of Biosocial Science 43, no. 5 (June 16, 2011): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000198.
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SummaryBirth weight is known to be closely related to child health, although as many infants in developing countries are not weighed at birth and thus will not have a recorded birth weight it is difficult to use birth weight when analysing the determinants of child illness. It is common to use a proxy for birth weight instead, namely the mother's perception of the baby's size at birth. Using DHS surveys in Cambodia, Kazakhstan and Malawi the responses to this question were assessed to indicate the relationship between birth weight and mother's perception. The determinants of perception were investigated using multilevel ordinal regression to gauge if they are different for infants with and without a recorded birth weight, and to consider if there are societal or community influences on perception of size. The results indicate that mother's perception is closely linked to birth weight, although there are other influences on the classification of infants into size groups. On average, a girl of the same birth weight as a boy will be classified into a smaller size category. Likewise, infants who died by the time of the survey will be classified as smaller than similarly heavy infants who are still alive. There are significant variations in size perception between sampling districts and clusters, indicating that mothers mainly judge their child for size against a national norm. However, there is also evidence that the size of infants in the community around the newborn also has an effect on the final size perception classification. Overall the results indicate that mother's perception of size is a good proxy for birth weight in large nationally representative surveys, although care should be taken to control for societal influences on perception.
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Jha, Aruna, Manik Ahuja, and Rajvi J. Wani. "Suicide Among South Asians in the United States: A Growing Public Health Problem." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221140378.
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This research study quantifies and describes suicide among South Asian Americans (SAAs), an emerging population that are underrepresented group in suicide research. The purpose of this study was to examine key characteristics of suicide deaths among SAAs. Data were employed from DuPage County, IL, a county with a large SAA population. Following federal recommendations for disaggregating Asian American data at a granular level, four SAA researchers used name recognition to identify all SAA cases classified as suicide in the DuPage County coroner’s database from 2001 to 2017 ( N = 38). Coroner’s reports were analyzed for contextual details and correlating factors specific to each suicide. Overall, 76.3% of victims were male and 45.0% were married. An analysis of the coroner reports established that 71.1% of decedents showed behavioral disorders that were predisposing risk factors for suicide including mental health diagnoses (57.9%), and a reported prior suicide attempt (21.1%). Among these decedents only 34.2% had received any prior psychiatric care. Significant errors in racial classification of SAAs, lead to a gross undercount of SAA deaths by suicide with 55% of South Asian suicides assigned to a different race or ethnic group. Future studies must increase the scope of this research to other geographic locations with high concentrations of SAAs and examine the risk factors for suicide among SAAs, one of the fastest growing ethnic populations in the U.S.
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Bada, Erdoğan, and Ömer Gökhan Ulum. "Utilization of active and passive constructions in English academic writing." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.5256.
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By its nature, AW represents adversity compared to other types of writing. It owns the characteristics of more notable patterns and language usage compared to other writing styles such as literary works, news, etc. Without discriminating the language used, this kind of writing generally bears similarities across languages due to the description and representation of scientific concepts. Therefore, there stands a must that objectivity is observed in AW as much as possible. In terms of language usage, diverse structures may be seen to be used in varied frequencies. Within this study, articles written in English and published in scientific journals covered by high ranking field indices such as Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index/Health Sciences Library, and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information were perused depending on their related fields classified as the Social Sciences, Natural and Applied Sciences, and Health Sciences, and then active/passive dispersion of these articles was identified through descriptive content analysis. The results suggest that active structure usage (61%) in overall analysis outnumbered that of passive (39%); the decline in its utilization depending on fields is rather significant, in that while the gap between active (74%) and passive (26%) usage in Social Sciences is rather wide in favor of active construction, we can observe a significant narrowing of the divide in Natural and Applied Sciences (60% active, 40% passive), and Health Sciences (51% active, 49% passive). The findings of this descriptive study may contribute to prospective research carried out in the specified fields in AW.
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Gelmini, And Yara Particelli, Márcio Luís Duarte, André Moreira de Assis, Josias Bueno Guimarães Junior, and Francisco César Carnevale. "Virtual reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review." Radiologia Brasileira 54, no. 4 (August 2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0162.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to compare virtual reality simulation with other methods of teaching interventional radiology. We searched multiple databases-Cochrane Library; Medline (PubMed); Embase; Trip Medical; Education Resources Information Center; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Scientific Electronic Library Online; and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature-for studies comparing virtual reality simulation and other methods of teaching interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated by using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Guide No. 11 and the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. After the eligibility and quality criteria had been applied, five randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The Kirkpatrick level of impact varied among the studies evaluated, three studies being classified as level 2B and two being classified as level 4B. Among the studies evaluated, there was a consensus that virtual reality aggregates concepts and is beneficial for the teaching of interventional radiology. Although the use of virtual reality has been shown to be effective for skill acquisition and learning in interventional radiology, there is still a lack of studies evaluating and standardizing the employment of this technology in relation to the numerous procedures that exist within the field of expertise.
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Engel, Charles C., Kenneth C. Hyams, and Ken Scott. "Managing future Gulf War Syndromes: international lessons and new models of care." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1468 (March 24, 2006): 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1829.
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After the 1991 Gulf War, veterans of the conflict from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and other nations described chronic idiopathic symptoms that became popularly known as ‘Gulf War Syndrome’. Nearly 15 years later, some 250 million dollars in United States medical research has failed to confirm a novel war-related syndrome and controversy over the existence and causes of idiopathic physical symptoms has persisted. Wartime exposures implicated as possible causes of subsequent symptoms include oil well fire smoke, infectious diseases, vaccines, chemical and biological warfare agents, depleted uranium munitions and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent historical analyses have identified controversial idiopathic symptom syndromes associated with nearly every modern war, suggesting that war typically sets into motion interrelated physical, emotional and fiscal consequences for veterans and for society. We anticipate future controversial war syndromes and maintain that a population-based approach to care can mitigate their impact. This paper delineates essential features of the model, describes its public health and scientific underpinnings and details how several countries are trying to implement it. With troops returning from combat in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere, the model is already getting put to the test.