Journal articles on the topic 'Other environmental policy'
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1
Lee, Dalgon. "Environmental Policy in Korea: Conservative Adaptation." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 7 (December 31, 1992): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps07002.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the development of environmental policy in Korea and attempt to characterize the policy with comparative perspective. In the first part of this paper, I would like to give a brief history of the Korean environmental policy, then discuss the political economy of each actor's responses to the deteriorating environmental qualities. In addition, I would like to point out several distinctive features which differenciate the Korean environmental policy from those of other countries.
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Etty, Thijs, Veerle Heyvaert, Cinnamon Carlarne, Bruce Huber, Jacqueline Peel, and Josephine van Zeben. "Transnational Environmental Law and ‘Other’ Environmental Laws." Transnational Environmental Law 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204710251900030x.
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Gsottbauer, Elisabeth, and Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh. "Environmental Policy Theory Given Bounded Rationality and Other-regarding Preferences." Environmental and Resource Economics 49, no. 2 (December 4, 2010): 263–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9433-y.
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Stern, Marc A. "Mexican Environmental Policy Revisited." Journal of Environment & Development 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659300200213.
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Mexican environmental policy has received a great deal of criticism but very little analytical attention. In this report the Mexican effort is reevaluated with an emphasis on the technical and structural difficulties that threaten to undermine progress towards the government's stated environmental goals. Some of the key issues identified include the cost and availability of funds to the private sector, the dominance of political over technical priorities, and the weakness of social participation. The report indicates a need for greater attention to the political factors that shape policy choices, particularly if the lessons available from Mexico's experience are to be of use for other developing countries.1
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Samper, Cristián. "Taxonomy and environmental policy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1444 (April 29, 2004): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1476.
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In 1992, with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro and the subsequent Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the world changed for the science of taxonomy. Many taxonomists appear not to have noticed this change, but it has significantly altered the political climate in which taxonomic research is undertaken. By the late 1990s it was clear that effective implementation of the CBD needed the participation of and funding for the taxonomic community. In this paper, I chart the rise of the Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI), review some of its goals and explore how it interacts with the CBD. The interactions of the GTI with the Global Environment Facility, a potential funding body, are explored, as are the possible synergies between the GTI and the many other global initiatives linking to taxonomy. Finally, I explore some of the challenges ahead as taxonomy begins to take a front seat in the implementation of environmental policy on the world stage.
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Kaiser, J. "ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: The Other Global Pollutant: Nitrogen Proves Tough to Curb." Science 294, no. 5545 (November 9, 2001): 1268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5545.1268.
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Mitryasova, O. P., V. D. Pohrebennyk, O. S. Petrov, Ye M. Bezsonov, and V. M. Smyrnov. "Environmental water security policy in the EU, Ukraine and other developing countries." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/125.
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Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security of aquatic ecosystems in the context of sustainable use of natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis and systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects of water resources management in the states of the world are analyzed in the context of the provisions of the sustainable development concept. Comparison of countries with different levels of development has allowed identifying key methodological provisions that are implemented in the environmental policy ofwater. An approach to determination of the limiting indices of the impact on the environment is proposed. It was revealed that most post-Soviet countries do not use the concept of ecological system and ecosystem services in their legislative framework, which today are an integral part of the environmental policy and legislation of developed countries. The basic principles of the ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems are as follows: a water body (surface or underground ones) is a complex, functionally integrated and self-regulating ecological system. It cannot be considered as a volume with a resource for biological and amenity needs; priority in the water use should be given to the living components that exist in it and ensure its functional integrity. Any aquatic ecosystem should be economically assessed not only in terms of available water resources, but also considering other ecosystem services, particularly, the diversity of its biotic components. All these principles and the approach presented, if introduced into domestic legislation, will allow achieving progress in the field of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems and sustainable social economic development. Originality. An approach has been improved which determines the efficiency of environmental policy in the field of water resources safety through a correlation analysis of water consumption and population size. Practical value. The research results allow for quantitative assessment of water resource management. The results of the study on the influence of the factor of freshwater resources on the socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world suggest that there is a strong statistically significant correlation in this system of connections.
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Karapin, Roger. "Climate Policy Outcomes in Germany: Environmental Performance and Environmental Damage in Eleven Policy Areas." German Politics and Society 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2012.300301.
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Germany has reduced its emissions of greenhouse gases more than almost any other industrialized democracy and is exceeding its ambitious Kyoto commitment. Hence, it is commonly portrayed as a climate-policy success story, but the situation is actually much more complex. Generalizing Germany's per-capita emissions to all countries or its emissions reductions to all industrialized democracies would still very likely produce more than a two-degree rise in global temperature. Moreover, analyzing the German country-case into eleven subcases shows that it is a mixture of relative successes and failures. This analysis leads to three main conclusions. First, high relative performance and high environmental damage can coexist. Second, we should see national cases in a differentiated way and not only in terms of their aggregate performances. Third, researchers on climate policies should more often begin with outcomes, work backward to policies, and be prepared for some surprises. Ironically, the most effective government interventions may not be explicit climate policies, such as the economic transformation of eastern Germany. Moreover, the lack of policy-making in certain areas may undercut progress made elsewhere, including unregulated increases in car travel, road freight, and electricity consumption. Research on climate and environmental policies should focus on somewhat different areas of government intervention and ask different questions.
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Weersink, A., and A. Wossink. "Lessons from agri-environmental policies in other countries for dealing with salinity in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 11 (2005): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04156.
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Approaches to environmental policy for the agricultural sector have involved education programs, direct regulations, and market mechanisms. The effectiveness of these policies has varied depending on the characteristics of the environmental issue and incentives facing producers. This paper reviews, and provides examples of, agri-environmental policy options and points out the scenarios under which the instrument would be most effective. The paper concludes with recommendations on determining the policy solutions to the problem of salinity in Australia.
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Bongaerts, Jan C. "Economic Instruments in German Environmental Policy." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 4, Issue 4 (April 1, 1995): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1995023.
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This paper describes and evaluates the economic instruments currently used in environmental policy-making in Germany. After a brief overview of policy-making in Germany. After a brief overview of through various legal instruments, a description is given of the economic instruments in environmental given of the economic instruments in environmental given of the economic instruments in environmental given of the economic instruments in environmental the public authorities. Moreover, German environmental policy-making has aha adopted other "economic" instruments which do not entail direct payment by the polluters to the public authorities but which may have an effect on environmental policy-making at source. These instruments include eco labelling and environmental liability. Eco-labelling is deaIt with in Section 6. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.
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Jana, Polakova. "Is economic institutional adaptation feasible for agri-environmental policy? Case of Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition standards." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 10 (October 24, 2018): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2017-agricecon.
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This review focuses on Czech implementation of standards for soil and water protection called Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC), with linkage to the European Union (EU) level. I investigate different elements of adaptive institutional economics: (i) summarise current knowledge regarding the social reasons for introducing GAEC; (ii) assess the evidence linked to GAEC to better understand the potential as well as boundaries of formalizing cause-effect links; (iii) clarify the pertinence of producers’ claims on costs accruing from GAEC implementation. These three points highlight the thesis of this paper: implementation in farmers’ practices of the theoretical concept of sustainability in terms of bridging together economics, society and the environment. The economic reasoning for GAEC introduction within adaptive institutional economics stems from the relational positioning of the knowledge of the costs of the impact of agricultural land use on other characteristic rural land uses. GAEC are needed, albeit the size of support obtained by producers surpasses the costs of complying; therefore, the result pays off for farms. We have learned that GAEC implementation is important from regional to EU levels and that its role is more related to economic institutional adaptation than to regulation. Adaptation of institutional economics is therefore feasible, making it possible to understand GAEC as a network which manages and enables knowledge transfer linked directly to regulation. Institutional economics can link sustainability with farmers’ practices and accounts for the behaviour of the farmers. In this review, I find that, for society, it is necessary to require measurement of agri-environmental outcomes for water resources, soil and biodiversity through GAEC at appropriate scales. These scales are likely to be relevant to adaptive institutional economy localities perceived by the rural public.
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Humphreys, M. "Integration of Environmental Protection into Other EC Policies." Journal of Environmental Law 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/16.1.149.
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Herzon, Irina, Marjaana Toivonen, Juha Helenius, and Chloe Swiderski. "Realized environmental values of Environmental Fallow policy measure." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75452.
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A novel agri-environment scheme for Environmental Fallow (EF) was introduced in Finland to replace a former obligatory CAP set-aside. Though potentially highly valuable, the ability of the current scheme for delivering the stated objectives of water protection, biodiversity, and soil state is yet to be confirmed. The presentation evaluates the role of the scheme for protection of surface waters and biodiversity based on data from the farmer interviews, field data on vegetation, and land-use register for the regions of Uusimaa, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa and Pirkanmaa. In 2010, over 7% of the agricultural utilized area was enrolled under the scheme with four types of fields: long-term grasslands, and fields sown with meadow plants, game crops or landscape flowers. The scheme has been highly popular among farmers but requires agronomic development of the options to reduce establishment failure, and optimise management for the best environmental output with the least agronomic problems. The potential of the scheme to protect surface waters is marginal since only 10% of EFs is situated near the water courses. The option of fallowing by establishing grassland, or by enrolling existing low productive grassland, was the most popular type of EF. The most biologically valuable meadow type remains rare, and the desired vegetation composition is non stable. The vegetation composition of the EF is more diverse than that under the former set-aside and also differs from that of other non-cropped biotopes such as margins and semi-natural grasslands. Plant species diversity correlated negatively with the reported fertility level of the parcels and therefore establishing grassland and meadow fallows on the least productive parcels is ecologically justified. However, possible targeting of the options according to the landscape setting should be investigated. At the current level, the scheme has succeeded to reverse the fallowing area to its state during the EU set-aside period. However, potential long-term efficiency of the current scheme is likely to be compromised by its untargeted and unbinding nature, and existing agronomic challenges in “sowing for nature”. Without a minimum required area, the scheme totally depends on the current and forecasted profit margin.
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Newland, M. Christopher, and Jordan M. Bailey. "Behavior Science and Environmental Health Policy." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732216686084.
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Environmental levels of hazardous chemicals, including methylmercury (MeHg), are manyfold higher now than during the preindustrial era. Behavior analysis and other basic and clinical sciences have contributed significantly to identifying and characterizing the neurobehavioral effects of these chemicals, often well before knowing the biological mechanisms of toxicity. The study of MeHg illustrates how our contemporary understanding of the motor, sensory, and cognitive effects of exposure has come from experimental laboratory models using advanced behavioral techniques, as well as carefully planned studies of exposed populations. These have informed environmental policies related to MeHg’s release into the environment and human consumption of this contaminant. Toxicity assessments based on only existing approaches to human cognitive testing, however, might underestimate its adverse effects because they do not reflect the complete picture of MeHg’s behavioral toxicity. Basic and applied behavioral science should have a future role in environmental policy decisions.
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Mellenbergh, Rik. "Connecting Environmental Law and Corporate Transactions to Each Other: Transaction Triggered Environmental Acts." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 7, no. 4 (2010): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372710x543253.
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AbstractEnvironmental issues, such as site contamination and compliance with environmental permits and rules, are often of importance with respect to corporate mergers and acquisitions or transfers of sites. This paper focuses on specific environmental acts applicable in some states in the United States and in the region of Flanders (Belgium), the so called transaction (or transfer) triggered environmental acts. These acts are applicable—'triggered'—if a transaction or transfer as defined in the transaction triggered environmental act occurs. The applicability of these acts is thus linked to a transaction or transfer as defined in the transaction triggered environmental act. In this paper these transaction triggered environmental acts will be analyzed, and both possible positive and negative effects linked to the introduction of such an act will be discussed with respect to the transaction triggered environmental acts currently applicable in certain states in the United States and in the region of Flanders (Belgium).
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Havlík, P., F. Jacquet, Boisson J-M, S. Hejduk, and P. Veselý. "Mathematical programming models for agri-environmental policy analysis: A case study from the White Carpathians." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 2 (February 17, 2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4996-agricecon.
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BEGRAB_PRO.1 – a mathematical programming model for BEef and GRAssland Biodiversity PRoduction Optimisation – elaborated for analysis of organic suckler cow farms in the Protected Landscape Area White Carpathians, the Czech Republic, is presented and applied to the analysis of jointness between several environmental goods. In this way, the paper complements recent studies on jointness between commodities and non-commodities. If these goods are joint in production, agri-environmental payments must be carefully designed because they do not influence only production of the environmental good they are intended for but also the production of other environmental goods. If jointness is negative, any increase in the payment for an environmental good leads to a decrease in production of other environmental goods.
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Norris, Patricia E. "Environmental Regulatory Reform: Discussion." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 1 (July 1996): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080000955x.
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Within the general rubric of environmental policy reform, the three papers in this session address the current policy situation, the issues driving the policy reform movement, and how economics can contribute to the debate and its outcome. The papers fit together well to paint a picture of the evolution of environmental policy and some of the issues and challenges for economists associated with that evolution. Although the authors note a number of issues and challenges, there are other important points which deserve attention. In addition, I find myself challenging some of the points raised by the authors. It is toward these points that I focus this discussion paper.
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Capelari, Mauro Guilherme Maidana, Suely Mara Vaz Guimarães de Araújo, Paulo Carlos Du Pin Calmon, and Benilson Borinelli. "Mudança de larga escala na política ambiental: análise da realidade brasileira." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 6 (December 2020): 1691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220190445.
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Abstract The Brazilian presidential elections of 2018 brought large-scale changes in the Brazilian environmental policy subsystem. The purpose of this article is to analyze these changes through the lenses of the Advocacy Coalition Framework - ACF. First, we introduced some of the main characteristics of this subsystem, then we presented a hemerographic analysis to describe and analyze the effects of four recent shocks in this subsystem. Two of these shocks were external: (i) the election of a new political elite in power that brought a clear discourse of denial of the relevance of environmental policy and (ii) calamitous environmental events that occurred in Brazil in 2019. The other two shocks were internal: (i) the capture of key positions and resources by dominant coalition members and (ii) the rise of conflict and polarization among the coalitions in the subsystem. The results showed: (i) the rise of a hyper-adversarial environmental policy subsystem; (ii) a realignment between non-dominant coalitions in a cooperative direction; (iii) the imposition of clear barriers to negotiation; (iv) changes in the use of scientific information by more politicized discourses with a high degree of bias. The article contributes to the understanding of the processes of institutional change in environmental policy, especially in contexts of large-scale change generated by increasing electoral polarization and fierce political disputes. It also contributes to the analysis of the limits and possibilities of the ACF in the Brazilian environmental agenda.
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Bliznetskaya, E. "Global Environmental Governance and International Environmental Diplomacy." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 18, no. 3 (2020): 126–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2020.18.3.62.8.
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Governance is so commonly used in academic literature and policy papers in the field of international environmental politics and as such has overtaken the words “policy”, “diplomacy” and “cooperation”. This phenomenon has empirical support – environmental policy is one of the most internalized areas of regulation, and states were no longer the sole subject of international rulemaking. The current state of the art in studying global environmental politics is quite paradoxical. Notwithstanding the increased recognition of the importance of non-state, transnational actors and mechanisms to solve global environmental problems, little attention is been paid to the study of the relationship between interstate and non-state forms of interaction. That raises the question of how multilateral environmental diplomacy and global environmental governance are connected with each other in the academic peer-reviewed journals. What kind of international interactions do they study and what links them? To answer these questions, the peer-reviewed articles from SCOPUS and Web of Science databases on multilateral environmental diplomacy and global environmental governance analyzed through a systematic literature review. To understand the nature of the two approaches in studying global environmental politics, I summarize the differences and then identify the links between them. In each of the research areas, sub-directions and the related content were identified, while the typology of the articles allowed to identify the relationships between them. In each of the research areas, sub-directions and the related content were identified, while the typology of the articles helped to highlight the relationships between them. The main finding includes the confirmation that environmental diplomacy and environmental governance studying mostly in isolation from each other. The main finding includes the confirmation that environmental diplomacy and environmental governance studying mostly in isolation especially regarding the interplay between interstate or non-state forms of cooperation as well as assessments of their significance. Two dimensions of the politics – formal negotiations on collective actions and weakly institutionalized public space that involves various stakeholders, movements and initiatives – exists in parallel to each other. At the same time, the study demonstrated the need to develop more responsive notions of international environmental diplomacy, since it is no longer specific only to the study of negotiations and other forms of interstate interaction.
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Janjua, Laeeq, Atteeq Razzak, and Azeem Razzak. "Lack of Environmental Policy and Water Governance." International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.2021070104.
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In Pakistan, water pollution is a cause of numerous health issue and water stress. The aim of writing this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of industrialization, foreign direct investment, and economic growth along with energy consumption on total suspended solids in the Indus River, which is used as a proxy for water pollution. The authors employed ARDL estimation to achieve the research objective. The findings revealed that in long-run economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows and industrialization have a positive influence on water pollution in the Indus River. Still, on the other hand, due to sustainable energy production, water pollution is falling in the Indus River. At the same time, in the short-run, economic growth causes reduction in total suspended solids, whereas industrialization is still a major cause of water pollution in the Indus River.
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Nilsson, Måns. "Learning, Frames, and Environmental Policy Integration: The Case of Swedish Energy Policy." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0405j.
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Environmental policy integration (EPI) has been advanced as a guiding policy principle in Europe to ensure that environmental concerns are considered across all areas of policymaking. EPI can be treated analytically as a process of policy learning. The author analyses EPI and other types of learning in Swedish energy policy from the late 1980s up to today. A systematic tracing of agendas, arguments, and policy change indicates that learning processes and partial EPI have occurred. Changing actor configurations and increasing resource dependencies have facilitated learning and EPI, driven in turn by the European deregulation processes, global policy agendas, and the development of the Nordic electricity market. However, learning and EPI has been slow, indirect, and partial—constrained by how policymaking is organised in central government. Further measures are needed to advance EPI in national sector policy, including the development of policy-level strategic assessments and stronger sector accountabilities.
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Wu, Die, and Hafeezullah Memon. "Public Pressure, Environmental Policy Uncertainty, and Enterprises’ Environmental Information Disclosure." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 6948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14126948.
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Under the Chinese strategy of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, Enterprises’ Environmental Information Disclosure (EEID), as one of the important ways for enterprises to achieve low-carbon development, has gained increased attention from the government, media, investors, and other stakeholders. the EEID is not only an important tool for companies to communicate environmental performance to the outside world, but also an effective way for the government to monitor corporate pollution behavior. Its importance is self-evident. However, relevant research shows that 70% of Chinese listed companies had not implemented the EEID in 2020. Also, there are common problems in the disclosure content and the polarization of the disclosure level among the companies that do disclose. These problems weaken the objectivity and practicability of the EEID and have a negative impact on the government’s environmental supervision, the environmental protection demands of the public, and investors’ decision making. This paper takes listed companies in China’s A-share heavily polluting industries as the research sample to solve the optimization problem of the EEID. By adopting a fixed effects model (FEM), this paper empirically studies the impact of three public pressures on the EEID: government environmental regulation, media attention, and institutional investment preference. Based on China’s unique socialist market economic system, this paper innovatively uses environmental policy uncertainty as a moderator variable. This paper examines the limitations of theoretical research on public pressure and environmental information disclosure by studying the impact of local environmental leadership change on the relationship between public pressure and the EEID. The conclusions of this paper reveal the driving mechanism of how stakeholders such as government, media, and institutional investors influence the EEID. At the same time, it expands the application of public pressure theory in environmental information disclosure research by introducing the perspective of environmental policy uncertainty.
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SAWE, NIK. "Adapting neuroeconomics for environmental and energy policy." Behavioural Public Policy 3, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.2.
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AbstractNeuroimaging methods provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the decision process, characterizing choice at the individual level and, in a growing number of contexts, predicting national- and market-level behavior. This dual capacity to examine heterogeneity while forecasting aggregate choice is particularly beneficial to those studying environmental decision-making. To effectively reduce residential energy usage and foster other pro-environmental behaviors, policy-makers must understand the effects of information frames and behavioral nudges across individuals who hold a diverse array of attitudes toward the environment and face a broad range of barriers to action. This paper articulates the potential of neuroeconomic methods to aid environmental policy-makers interested in behavior change, especially those interested in closing the energy efficiency gap. Investigation into the roles of affect, eco-labeling and social norms will be discussed, as well as personal identity and climate change beliefs. Combining neuroimaging with behavioral economics experiments can inform the development of effective messaging, characterize the influence of individual differences on the decision process and aid in forecasting the efficacy of policy interventions at scale.
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Lockwood, Michael. "Contribution of Contingent Valuation and Other Stated Preference Methods to Evaluation of Environmental Policy." Australian Economic Papers 37, no. 3 (September 1998): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.00021.
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Lee, Dalgon. "Consistency Dilemma of Korean Energy Policy." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 4 (December 31, 1989): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps04003.
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This paper examines the continuity of Korean energy policy for the last 30 years and consistency of energy policy with other energy-related policies. Because energy policy environment is characterized by high level of uncertainty, long-range planning as well as skillful adaptation to changing environments are both needed. But there are costs the two different approaches must pay. Energy sector has its close connections with economic and environmental sectors. Energy policy-maker should find ways to minimize any conflict between related policies. Economic planning must be designed awaring of the constraints energy sector faces, and energy sector planning inevitably affects environmental quality. And priority among related policy areas must be adjusted according to changing situations. This paper calls policy-makers' attention to consistent policy process in the midst of favorable international energy market and emergence of green movement.
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Юсупова, Зиля. "THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ON THE FRENCH LEGISLATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Bulletin of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/vest-law-bsu-2018.1.10.
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The development of legislation on environmental protection in France was significantly influenced by the legislation of the European Union. The close interaction of the legal development of its member states led to the formation of a uniform approach to the implementation of environmental activities. Within the framework of the European Community, and subsequently the European Union, seven sectoral environmental programs for the implementation of measures in the field of environmental protection were developed, which consistently replaced each other. The whole set of legal acts of the European Union and the principles of environmental legislation formed on their basis are reflected in the relevant constitutional law of France, namely the Environmental Charter, and in many other legal acts aimed at harmonizing national and European legislation.
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Solecki, W. D., and F. M. Shelley. "Pollution, Political Agendas, and Policy Windows: Environmental Policy on the Eve of Silent Spring." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 14, no. 4 (December 1996): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c140451.
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The objective of this paper is to illustrate that concern over environmental pollution became a significant national issue in the United States during the late 1950s, many years earlier than is typically acknowledged by environmental historians and policy analysts. Kingdon's model of agenda development is used to document how air and water pollution was transformed from an issue of local concern and control to an issue of national significance during the 1950s. The analysis focuses on two case studies: the development of pollution as a political issue in the state of New Jersey; and the development of pollution as a significant policy issue in the national political arena. Political leaders both within New Jersey and nationwide linked pollution control to other contemporary concerns about urban decay and suburban growth in order to win the allegiance of undecided voters. Pollution control became part of the debate over the role of the federal government in addressing urban ills. Concern about pollution also became important in the general restructuring of the US political landscape in this period, helping to set the stage for Democratic Party activism on the environment and other issues after 1960.
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Brennan, Troyen A., and Robert F. Carter. "Legal and Scientific Probability of Causation of Cancer and Other Environmental Disease in Individuals." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 10, no. 1 (1985): 33–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10-1-33.
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Okafor, Samuel Okechi, Justina Ngozi Igwe, Edwin Madu Caleb Izueke, Onyinyechi Elizabeth Okoye, Amara Blessing Okechukwu, and Elizabeth E. Obiozor. "Environmental Knowledge and Policy Sustainability: A Study of Pro Environmental Policy Support among the Southeast Nigerian Rural Communities." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170135.
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Environmental policy sustainability as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda has appeared as one of the challenges to most developing nations such as Nigeria. This inadvertently has affected (SDG) agenda in Nigeria. Although many scholars have given attention to other dimensions of socio-economic policies/natural environment, the case of environmental policy sustainability has received virtually no attention in some regions such as southeast Nigeria. The study aptly captured the context of human behavioural disposition towards environmental knowledge and policy sustainability among the rural population in southeast Nigeria in the framework of Symbolic Interactionism/Environmental Responsible Behaviour, with the support of survey data. The study involved 1200 respondents from rural communities, while data collected through questionnaire instrument were analyzed using inferential statistics. The findings show strong positive correlation between familiarity with ecological harmony and support to pro public environmental policy (rho= .84, n= 1200, p<0.01), knowledge of the natural environment and support to pro public environmental policy (rho= .87, n= 1200, p<0.01), while environmental policy sustainability can be predicted by some crucial socio-demographic factors (p<.000). By implication, knowledge of the operation of the natural environment and government policy approaches and dimensions should be encouraged among the rural communities in the region.
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van Ierland, Ekko, Corjan Brink, Leen Hordijk, and Carolien Kroeze. "Environmental Economics for Environmental Protection." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.289.
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Environmental economics deals with the optimal allocation of production factors and correcting market failure in protecting the environment. Market failure occurs because of externalities, common property resources, and public goods. Environmental policy instruments include direct regulation, taxes/subsidies, tradable permits, deposit systems, voluntary agreements, and persuasion.Environmental policies usually focus on one pollutant or environmental issue but may have substantial impacts on other emissions and environmental problems. Neglecting these impacts will result in suboptimal policies. We present an integrated optimisation model for determining cost-effective strategies to simultaneously reduce emissions of several pollutants from several sources, allowing for interrelations between sources and abatement options. Our integrated approach in regard to acidifying compounds and greenhouse gases will be able to provide cost-effective policy options that will result in lower overall abatement costs.This paper shows that efficient emission reduction can be calculated, but we argue that, for transboundary air pollution and climate change, it is difficult to implement the socially optimal solution because strong incentives exist for “free-riding”. In order to implement efficient policies, international environmental agree-ments like the Gothenburg or the Kyoto Protocol are necessary to establish stable coalitions. The stability of these agreements depends on the distribution of costs and benefits over countries and on the redistribution of the gains of cooperation.
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Santos Silva, Marta. "Nudging and Other Behaviourally Based Policies as Enablers for Environmental Sustainability." Laws 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11010009.
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Recent years have shown that traditional regulatory techniques alone are not effective in achieving behaviour change in important fields such as environmental sustainability. Governments all over the world have been progressively including behaviourally informed considerations in policy and law making with the aim of improving the acceptance and impact of sustainability-oriented measures. This led to the arrival of alternative regulatory tools, such as nudges. The effectiveness of nudges for environmental sustainability (green nudges) has been widely reported, but the practical and ethical implications are still largely neglected by academic research. In this contribution, “nudges” are conceptually distinguished from “boosts” and their ethics are briefly explained. The analysis is made in light of European and US American academic literature.
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Sapinski, J. P. "Corporate Climate Policy-planning in the Global Polity: A Network Analysis." Critical Sociology 45, no. 4-5 (August 28, 2017): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517725800.
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Alongside the climate change denial movement, a section of the capitalist class has been organizing to promote a project of “climate capitalism” that relies on carbon markets and other policies compatible with the neoliberal order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Like the denial movement, promoters of climate capitalism have constructed an extensive network of think tanks and policy-planning groups to foster adherence to their climate policy proposals. This article uses social network analysis to map out the reach of these climate and environmental policy groups within the array of interconnected NGOs, inter-governmental organizations, philanthropic foundations, and other organizations that constitute the global polity. This analysis sheds light on the position climate capitalism—understood as a project of a section of the global corporate elite—occupies among international organizations. Overall, I find that climate and environmental policy groups: (1) maintain substantial ties to key organizations of the global polity, and (2) mediate a substantial amount of relations, bridging between central organizations and more peripheral ones, as well as among those located in Europe and North America. I thus argue that a global inter-organizational infrastructure exists that supports climate capitalism, which contributes to its dominant position in climate change politics.
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Rayner, Jeremy. "The Integrity Gap: Canada's Environmental Policy and Institutions." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904220212.
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The Integrity Gap: Canada's Environmental Policy and Institutions, Eugene Lee and Anthony Perl, eds., Vancouver: UBC Press, 2003, pp. xi, 288.This collection, which grew out of papers presented at a conference at the Sookyung Centre for Canadian Studies in Seoul in 1999, is one of a number of recent publications to call attention to a peculiar feature of Canadian environmental policy. In spite of our much publicized commitment to greenery at home and our hectoring criticism of other countries' environmental policies abroad, our own record, when closely examined, proves to be lamentable and is actually getting worse in comparison with our counterparts in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This yawning gulf between promise and performance is the “integrity gap” of Lee and Perl's title.
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Kamminga, Menno. "Improving Integration of Environmental Requirements into Other EC Policies." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 3, Issue 1 (January 1, 1994): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1994003.
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Handayani, Tri, Lastuti Abubakar, and C. Sukmadilaga. "GREEN LOAN BANKS POLICY TO PROVIDE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PROJECT." Diponegoro Law Review 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.215-230.
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Banks have an important role in realizing SDGs, therefore the Bank must continue to develop its products and services to be directed towards sustainable economic activities and not too exploring resources. Based on The Appendix of the President Decree No. 59/2017 the Indonesian government directed the global target of economies inclusive regarding the participation of the financial services sector. The Banks will support the priority economic sectors development such as agriculture, processing industries, and infrastructure, Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises and Energy. Banks can participate by using a green loan policy. This research is a normative legal research, which focuses on examining the application of the rules or norms in positive law. The result is the Banks play a key role in society, banks have purpose to help develop sustainable economies and to empower people to build better futures. When banks will give a credit to those who have a business that has a direct impact to the environment, bank also can be offer a position as a manager of environmental recovery guarantee funds. In other side, Banks can provide green development, in a process of giving credit to the debtor; banks need to pay attention to the business legality of prospective debtors. Banks are required to ensure that prospective customers have a legal business and comply with all relevant laws and regulations.
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HOWLETT, MICHAEL. "Beyond Legalism? Policy Ideas, Implementation Styles and Emulation-Based Convergence in Canadian and U.S. Environmental Policy." Journal of Public Policy 20, no. 3 (December 2000): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00000866.
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Past studies of the dynamics of U.S.-Canada environmental policy and policy-making have found little evidence of ‘weak’ convergence in this sector; that is, of Canadian policy moving towards the U.S. model of adversarial legalism, an implementation style based upon procedural policy instruments such as action-forcing statutes, citizen suits, and judicial activism. However, recent efforts at de-regulation and the reformation of government in the U.S., and moves towards multi-stakeholder policy-making in Canada, have altered the standard against which trends towards Canadian^ American convergence must be assessed. These reforms have moved the U.S. environmental regulatory system closer to that existing in Canada, in which regulations and other elements of the environmental regime are developed through negotiation rather than litigation. Since Canadian environmental implementation has also been altered over the same period, however, it is argued that a form of ‘strong’ convergence is emerging, in which both countries are moving not towards each other but towards a third, common, style, that associated with the development of self-regulation and voluntary initiatives under the influence of New Public Management ideas and principles.
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Martínez-Zarzoso, Inma, and Jennifer Phillips. "Freedom of the press, inequality and environmental policy." Environment and Development Economics 25, no. 6 (September 4, 2020): 537–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x20000339.
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AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of environmental standards by studying the role of income inequality and freedom of the press. Given that evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve has only been found for some countries, it is thus crucial to investigate whether other factors besides income per capita levels may be affecting countries' decisions to pass environmentally-friendly legislation. We investigate the effects that inequality and freedom of the press have on environmental stringency for a sample of OECD and BRIICS countries and a global sample of 82 countries using data over the period 1994–2015. We hypothesize that the more unequal a society is, and the greater the oppression of the press is, the less stringent environmental policies are. The results partially confirm our hypothesis. In particular, lack of press freedom is negatively correlated with environmental stringency, whereas inequality shows a non-linear effect only for non-high-income countries.
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Kapoguzov, E. Al, R. I. Chupin, and M. S. Kharlamova. "Evidence-Based Approach in Environmental Policy-Making in Russia." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 18, no. 3 (2021): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-3.6.
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The article discusses the socio-economic effects of Russia’s state programs in the sphere of natural resources management, in particular those effects that, in our view, are not given enough attention within the framework of the national project ‘Ecology’. This shortcoming of the state programs can be overcome if policy-makers adopt an evidence-based approach. To this end, we propose an adjustable and flexible set of indicators of state programs. The analysis relies on the model of panel data that uses Rosstat data for Russian regions between 2017 and 2018. According to the modeling results, environmental factors have a significant influence on morbidity. An increase in emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources per unit (ton per capita) causes an increase in morbidity per 1,000 people (registered diseases in patients with a diagnosis established for the first time in life). Similarly, a 1 % increase in the share of industrial production in GRP causes an increase in morbidity by 3 units. Significant differences between regions of Russia were also detected. For example, in the Central Federal District, other things being equal, the incidence rate is lower by 52 units than other regions of Russia; in the North Caucasian Federal District, by 135 units, and in the Southern Federal District, by 109 units. In the North-Western Federal District, on the contrary, the incidence rate is higher by 113 units.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0008.
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Abstract The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
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Wijayanto, Adi, Hatta Acarya Wiraraja, and Siti Aminah Idris. "Forest Fire and Environmental Damage: The Indonesian Legal Policy and Law Enforcement." Unnes Law Journal 8, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v7i1.52812.
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Law enforcement regarding the environment is in fact a responsibility that should be fulfilled by the state. In this case, the state is the main actor in prevention, as well as a protector from any efforts to destroy nature and the environment. It can be understood that to maintain the crucial elements in the existence of a state, as agreed in the Montevideo Convention, among others, permanent residents, definite territory, government, the ability to enter into relations with the state. other. So with this it can be understood that environmental damage due to forest fires, is a form of threat also in the area element, because by burning ecosystems, it will result in an imbalance of life in an area, it can also be interpreted if the impacts arising from forest fires spread to enter the area. on the territory of neighboring countries, it will lead to unfavorable relations with other countries.
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Rose, Ian, and George Knighton. "Integrated Product Policy: The New Approach to Environmental Regulation." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 8, Issue 10 (October 1, 1999): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1999042.
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The development of integrated product policy, environmental controls being complemented by environmental management and the encouragement of "best available techniques"; the first "producer responsibility" obligations; the expected Green Paper; IPP defined as producer responsibility for a product from extraction of raw materials to managing the waste at the end of the product's life; lessons learnt from the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive; other "producer responsibility" initiatives - the proposed directives on end-of-life vehicles and on waste electrical and electronic equipment; compliance and enforcement; competition issues; conclusions that the development of IPP is likely to accelerate, that those affected must monitor developments vigilantly, and that costs for businesses will increase.
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Goldman, Lynn, Henry Falk, Philip J. Landrigan, Sophie J. Balk, J. Routt Reigart, and Ruth A. Etzel. "Environmental Pediatrics and Its Impact on Government Health Policy." Pediatrics 113, Supplement_3 (April 1, 2004): 1146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.s3.1146.
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Recent public recognition that children are different from adults in their exposures and susceptibilities to environmental contaminants has its roots in work that began >46 years ago, when the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) established a standing committee to focus on children’s radiation exposures. We summarize the history of that important committee, now the AAP Committee on Environmental Health, including its statements and the 1999 publication of the AAP Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health, and describe the recent emergence of federal and state legislative and executive actions to evaluate explicitly environmental health risks to children. As a result in large part of these efforts, numerous knowledge gaps about children’s health and the environment are currently being addressed. Government efforts began in the 1970s to reduce childhood lead poisoning and to monitor birth defects and cancer. In the 1990s, federal efforts accelerated with the Food Quality Protection Act, an executive order on children’s environmental health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/Environmental Protection Agency Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/Environmental Protection Agency Centers of Excellence in Research in Children’s Environmental Health. In this decade, the Children’s Environmental Health Act authorized the National Children’s Study, which has the potential to address a number of critical questions about children’s exposure and health. The federal government has expanded efforts in control and prevention of childhood asthma and in tracking of asthma, birth defects, and other diseases that are linked to the environment. Efforts continue on familiar problems such as the eradication of lead poisoning, but new issues, such as prevention of childhood exposure to carcinogens and neurotoxins other than lead, and emerging issues, such as endocrine disruptors and pediatric drug evaluations, are in the forefront. More recently, these issues have been taken up by states and in the international arena.
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London, Jonathan K. "Environmental Justice and Regional Political Ecology converge in the other California." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20186.
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This article illuminates the value of the concept of the region in political ecology and environmental justice studies by presenting three arguments about the role of regions in environmental justice social movements engaged in climate change mitigation in California's San Joaquin Valley. First, regional planning agencies and environmental justice advocates are engaged in conflicts over not only the content of regional climate change plans, but the very definitions of region and the authority used to put these regional visions into action. Second, regional organizing provides environmental justice movements with new opportunities to address regional economic patterns and to negotiate with regional planning agencies, both of which influence local manifestations of environmental injustice. Third, regional strategies raise significant dilemmas for these movements as they try to sustain engagement across extensive spatial territories and engage with a broad set of policy and economic protagonists. Together, this analysis demonstrates that a dynamic approach to regions, regionalism, and regionalization can assist political ecology and environmental justice scholars in their common aim of understanding the co-production of social and environmental inequity and collective action to change it.Key Words: Environmental justice, regional political ecology, climate change mitigation, regional planning, rural community development
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Sääksjärvi, Sanna C. "Positioning the Nordic Countries in European Union Environmental Policy." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 393–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496520933324.
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The influence of the Nordic countries on the European Union’s (EU's) policy processes has been researched from various angles, but there is a lack of research that comprehensively examines all policy positions advanced by Nordic actors within a given policy context. This article introduces a new design for studying policy positions and influence in the EU and examines the phenomenon from a multilevel perspective using an original data set compiled in connection to three directives: the Floods Directive on the assessment and management of flood risks, the Environmental Liability Directive, and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. The analysis reveals that the Nordic countries follow a certain pattern of influencing EU policy that deviates from other states participating in the consultations. Nordic governmental actors exert a strong technical but weak directional influence in the chosen context but are, overall, more successful than Nordic organizational actors at influencing the policy process.
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Niu, Muchuan, Sheng Zhang, Nannan Zhang, Zuhui Wen, Meng Xu, and Yifu Yang. "Progress in the Research of Environmental Macroeconomics." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031190.
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This review systematically introduces the current main research directions of environmental macroeconomics. Environmental macroeconomics research aims to study the relationship between economic development and the ecological environment and ultimately achieve green outcomes. At the same time, maintaining a moderate economic scale within the environmental setting is vital to get rid of excessive dependence on economic growth. This review draws on the traditional macroeconomics framework, focusing on economic growth, the economics of climate, economic policy, work, consumption, technological progress, industrial structure, and other topics. Although most studies have highlighted the importance of environmental issues, few empirical analyses combine environmental policy with economic policy, production, consumption, climate change, etc., and theories such as ecological, technological progress, business cycle, and environmental policy lack the necessary practical support. It is, therefore, difficult to put forward appropriate and measurable policy recommendations. Environmental macroeconomics is still a relatively new field of research, the theoretical system has flaws, and innovations in models still need to be improved. We suggest that environmental policy formulation be placed in a dynamic general equilibrium framework.
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Nábrádi, András, and József Popp. "Policy challenges for food, energy and environmental security." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/2.
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Limited land is available globally to grow crops for food and fuel. There are direct and indirect pressures on forests and other lands to be converted from growing food for feedstock to be used for biofuel production. The balance of evidence indicates there will probably be sufficient appropriate land available to meet demands for both food and fuel, but this needs to be confirmed before global supply of biofuel is allowed to increase significantly. There is a future for a sustainable biofuels industry, but feedstock production must avoid encroaching on agricultural land that would otherwise be used for food production. And while advanced technologies offer significant potential for higher greenhouse gas (GHG) savings through biofuels, these will be offset if feedstock production uses existing agricultural land and prevents land-use change. GHG savings can be achieved by using feedstock grown mainly on marginal land or that does not use land, such as wastes and residues. To ensure that biofuels deliver net GHG benefits, governments should amend, but not abandon, their biofuel policies in recognition of the dangers from indirect effects of land-use changes. Large areas of uncertainty remain in the overall impacts and benefits of biofuels. International action is needed in order to improve data, models and controls, and to understand and to manage effects.
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Katonáné Kovács, Judit. "Environmental Indicators – Agri-Environmental Indicators." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (May 4, 2004): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3418.
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close relation. This means that policies related to the economy and the environment cannot be handled without each other. The United Nations Conference (Stockholm, 1972) was the first global conference to signal that environment concerns have increasingly become subject of mainstream socio-economic policies. The process started in the Seventies, laying emphasis on environment protection, plays an important role in the policy of international agencies. The use of environmental indicators is essential for monitoring the effects of environmental measures. The best way of evaluating sustainability if the results can be compared on a global level. International efforts are being made by the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat) and other international agencies to develop a framework for environment statistics. This study deals with these frameworks, paying attention to agri-environment indicators. Hungary became a member of the UN in 1955, of the OECD in 1996, and will become a member of the European Union in 2004. The first summary in connection with environmental indicators of Hungary, taking the OECD Pressure – State – Response framework as a basis, was published in 1994. As a result, comparability of environmental indicators for Hungary with those used international are given.
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Fischer, Thomas B. "‘Simplification’ of environmental and other impact assessments – an international trend?" Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 40, no. 5 (August 29, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2022.2108223.
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McGartland, Al. "Thirty Years of Economics at the Environmental Protection Agency." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 3 (December 2013): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004925.
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When the modern era of environmental policy began with creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and passage of the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, economists and economics were little used. Over time, economics became a major contributor to formation of environmental policy. Executive Order 12291 pushed economics into the policy process but also rendered benefit-cost analysis controversial. I report on economics’ role in the policy process over time and examine contributions by economists to environmental policymaking. Advancing benefit-cost analysis is an obvious contribution. I describe other areas in which economists have contributed and highlight milestones for economics at EPA.
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Cassuto, David Nathan. "THE LAW OF WORDS: STANDING, ENVIRONMENT, AND OTHER CONTESTED TERMS." Novos Estudos Jurídicos 23, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/nej.v23n2.p330-383.
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Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167 (2000), exposes fundamental incoherencies within environmental standing doctrine, even while it ostensibly makes standing easier to prove for plaintiffs in environmental citizen suits. According to Laidlaw, an environmental plaintiff needs only to show personal injury to satisfy Article ill’s standing requirement; she need not show that the alleged statutory violation actually harms the environment. This Article argues that Laidlaw’s distinbtion between injury to the plaintiff and harm to the environment is nonsensical. Both the majority and dissent in Laidlaw incorrectly assume that there exists an objective standard by which a plaintiff, society or a court can measure harm or injury. Using examples drawn both from history (the 7) aiI Smelter. Arbitration (1930-41)) and fiction (Barbara Klngsolver’s novel Animal Dreams), this Article illustrates that the inherent contingency of language renders it impossible to define harm or injury without acknowledging the systemic perspective from which the concepts are viewed. The path to an intelligible standing doctrine lies not in focusing on this artificial opposition, but instead in acknowledging statutory violations as injurious to the social and legal system of which we all form a part. Assuming the violated statute contains a citizen suit provision, the resulting harm to the system could and should enable individuals to sue. This policy would conform the Court’s standing jurisprudence to the language and intent of the statutes before Ii. Moreover, this policy would counter the undermining of the rhetoric of environmental protection that persists so long as the Supreme Court continues its frequent yet unsucceesfid efforts to retool its definition of cognizable legal injury.