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Indraratna, B., P. Nutalaya, K. S. Koo, and N. Kuganenthira. "Engineering behaviour of a low carbon, pozzolanic fly ash and its potential as a construction fill." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-070.
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Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on Mae Moh fly ash from northern Thailand for the determination of its grain size distribution, mineralogy, pozzolanic activity, compaction and strength characteristics, and the collapse potential. On the basis of the experimental results, this fly ash is classified as ASTM class C, which is considered to be pozzolanic. It has good potential to be utilized as an effective fill for embankments (roads and dams), airfields, pavements, and building bricks, as well as for the stabilization of compressible or erodible foundations. Because of the fact that Mae Moh fly ash contains only a negligible amount of unburned carbon, its pozzolanic reactivity is accelerated, in comparison with the relatively inert, high-carbon fly ash produced elsewhere in Thailand and many other parts of Asia. It is also demonstrated that Mae Moh fly ash can be easily compacted to produce acceptable dry densities over a wide range of water contents. Curing with an adequate moisture supply in the presence of calcium oxide plays an important role in accelerating the pozzolanic reactions, hence improving the time-dependent-properties. This study further proposes that a curing period of 2–3 weeks is sufficient for this material to approach its maximum strength. Although the behaviour of one specific fly ash cannot generalize the wide array of other ashes, the test results obtained for Mae Moh fly ash may be applied to lignite ashes in the category of ASTM class C. Key words: fly ash, structural fill, compaction, compressive strength, shear strength, collapse potential, pozzolanic activity.
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Tanasawa, Ichiro. "Recent Progress of Japanese Research on Condensation Heat Transfer." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119158.
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A state-of-the-art review is presented on the research activities in Japan on condensation heat transfer during these nine years. The papers published on the Trans. JSME (Series B for thermal and fluids engineering) from 1980 until 1988 are chosen as the main target of the review, since it is considered that the majority of principal achievements in condensation research in Japan are contained in these volumes. The papers printed elsewhere on other publications or prior to 1980 are referred to only whenever it is needed. The author classifies the subjects into five items. They are (1) Film condensation of single-component vapor, (2) Film condensation of multi-component vapor, (3) Enhancement of condensation heat transfer, (4) Dropwise condensation, and (5) Direct contact condensation and other forms of condensation. However, the author’s effort is focussed mostly on the item (3) on the techniques of enhancement of condensation heat transfer. Dropwise condensation is another subject that is discussed in some detail. Only the outlines are presented for the remaining items. In the concluding remarks of this article the author’s personal comments on the future trends of the condensation research is presented.
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Ahmad, Hesham S., Maha D. Ayoush, and Majed S. Al-Alwan. "Causes of delay to public infrastructure projects according to engineers representing different contract parties." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-03-2019-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main causes of delay in public construction projects. This is motivated by feedback from public construction experts concerning substantive delays during the last decade. The study thus seeks to help decision makers in Jordan and elsewhere identify problems and develop mitigating strategies. Design/methodology/approach Causes of delay were identified from previous related studies and then augmented after consultation with experts. This resulted in 56 delay factors classified into eight groups. The sampling frame for the study was defined in terms of public construction projects (mostly related to roads) owned by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in Jordan. A survey was conducted with engineers working as representatives of the owner, contractors or consultants to elicit and evaluate the importance of the 56 delay factors. Findings Overall, 113 completed questionnaire responses were returned and analyzed to rank the causes of delay using the relative importance index method. Owners and consultants showed more interest in factors related to themselves, while contractors showed highest interest in an external factor related to the owner of services. Four recommendations are put forward for decision makers to mitigate against delays. Originality/value This research investigates a relatively large number of delay factors compared to other studies and these are categorized into groups to facilitate thematic understanding. Further, compared to previous related research, this research fills a gap by exploring the opinions of different contract parties.
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Liao, Ou-Lan, Si-Yuan Xie, Jun Ye, Qin Du, and Guo-Chun Lou. "Association between inflammatory bowel disease and all-cause dementia: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study." World Journal of Psychiatry 14, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.15.
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BACKGROUND Numerous observational studies have documented a correlation between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and an increased risk of dementia. However, the causality of their associations remains elusive. AIM To assess the causal relationship between IBD and the occurrence of all-cause dementia using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS Genetic variants extracted from the large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IBD (the International IBD Genetics Consortium, n = 34652) were used to identify the causal link between IBD and dementia (FinnGen, n = 306102). The results of the study were validated via another IBD GWAS (United Kingdom Biobank, n = 463372). Moreover, MR egger intercept, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and Cochran's Q test were employed to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Finally, multiple MR methods were performed to estimate the effects of genetically predicted IBD on dementia, with the inverse variance wei-ghted approach adopted as the primary analysis. RESULTS The results of the pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests revealed an absence of significant pleiotropic effects or heterogeneity across all genetic variants in outcome GWAS. No evidence of a causal effect between IBD and the risk of dementia was identified in the inverse variance weighted [odds ratio (OR) = 0.980, 95%CI : 0.942-1.020, P value = 0.325], weighted median (OR = 0.964, 95%CI : 0.914-1.017, P value = 0.180), and MR-Egger (OR = 0.963, 95%CI : 0.867-1.070, P value = 0.492) approaches. Consistent results were observed in validation analyses. Reverse MR analysis also showed no effect of dementia on the development of IBD. Furthermore, MR analysis suggested that IBD and its subtypes did not causally affect all-cause dementia and its four subtypes, including dementia in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere, and unspecified dementia. CONCLUSION Taken together, our MR study signaled that IBD and its subentities were not genetically associated with all-cause dementia or its subtypes. Further large prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the impact of intestinal inflammation on the development of dementia.
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Kelly, Matthew, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Hazard Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study from Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166251.
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Floods are among the costliest natural hazards, in Australia and globally. In this study, we used an indicator-based method to assess flood hazard risk in Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment (HNC). Australian flood risk assessments are typically spatially constrained through the common use of resource-intensive flood modelling. The large spatial scale of this study area is the primary element of novelty in this research. The indicators of maximum 3-day precipitation (M3DP), distance to river—elevation weighted (DREW), and soil moisture (SM) were used to create the final Flood Hazard Index (FHI). The 17–26 March 2021 flood event in the HNC was used as a case study. It was found that almost 85% of the HNC was classified by the FHI at ‘severe’ or ‘extreme’ level, illustrating the extremity of the studied event. The urbanised floodplain area in the central-east of the HNC had the highest FHI values. Conversely, regions along the western border of the catchment had the lowest flood hazard risk. The DREW indicator strongly correlated with the FHI. The M3DP indicator displayed strong trends of extreme rainfall totals increasing towards the eastern catchment border. The SM indicator was highly variable, but featured extreme values in conservation areas of the HNC. This study introduces a method of large-scale proxy flood hazard assessment that is novel in an Australian context. A proof-of-concept methodology of flood hazard assessment developed for the HNC is replicable and could be applied to other flood-prone areas elsewhere.
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Čipin, Ivan. "Razlike u kohortnom fertilitetu prema migracijskom obilježju: slučaj Grada Zagreba." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 38, no. 1 (2022): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.38.1.1.
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The impact of migration on fertility is becoming an increasingly common research theme within the framework of population studies. Numerous demographic and geographical studies have found lower fertility in urban than in rural areas, both in developing and developed countries. Structural and contextual factors most often explain this difference. Structural factors refer to people of dissimilar socio-economic characteristics living in different areas, while contextual factors cover the current living conditions in the broadest sense. However, when explaining the urban–rural fertility differences, the selectivity of migration should also be considered, as people who (currently) have no fertility plans prefer to move to large cities. Most studies that measured fertility levels by migrant characteristics have relied on period fertility rates, while only a few have investigated cohort fertility. This study explores the cohort fertility of females by migrant status in the City of Zagreb, the largest urban centre in Croatia. Therefore, the aim is to better understand the relationship between completed fertility and migration in an urban context. Within a country, areas with the lowest fertility are often capital cities with highly educated and highly mobile populations. Although the fertility of international mi¬grants attracts more attention than internal migration, studying the association between fertility and both types of migration is especially important in a capital city with relatively high rates of inward migration. How much is known about the repro¬ductive behaviour of inward migrants in Zagreb? Are there significant differences between their fertility patterns and the patterns of native women? This paper fills this gap in the Croatian demographic literature by comparing fertility differences by migrant status across cohorts. The analysis is based on the 2011 Census data for the City of Zagreb. The Central Bureau of Statistics created a multidimensional table based on the data from this census, which includes the following variables for the female population of the City of Zagreb aged 15 or over: year of birth, number of liveborn children, highest completed education and place of birth. For analytical purposes, the data were aggre¬gated into eight five-year cohorts, with the oldest cohort born in 1930–1934 and the youngest in 1965–1969. Fertility is measured as the completed number of liveborn children per woman, which corresponds to the cohort fertility rate (CFR). The calculations are based on the standard analytical procedures used in cohort fertility analysis with census data or reproductive histories from surveys. Women are classified into four categories by migrant type: born in the City of Zagreb (native population), born in another city or another municipality in the Republic of Croatia (internal migrants), born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (external migrants – B&H), born abroad other than Bosnia and Herzegovina (external migrants – others). The 2011 census data on the number of live births are retrospective and based on the census question asking for the number of children a woman has ever had, including children who were no longer alive at the time of the census. The analysis is restricted to women born from 1930 (aged 80–81 at the time of the census) to 1969 (aged 41–42 at the time of the census), as younger women may have (more) children, while the fertility of women over 80 may be biased due to mortality and non-reporting of de¬ceased children. The analysis has shown significant differences in cohort fertility in the City of Zagreb by women’s place of birth. In all cohorts, the lowest completed fertility was achieved by women who were born in the City of Zagreb and (most likely) had no migration experience. In older cohorts, the highest fertility was recorded among women born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In younger cohorts, fertility was highest for women born in other countries abroad. The substantial difference in completed fertility between older cohorts born in Bosnia and Herzegovina and those born in the City of Zagreb is not surprising, given that considerable differences in cohort fertility were observed between the equivalent cohorts in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The comparison between cohort fertility rates in the City of Zagreb and Croatia shows that the cohort fertility rate in the City of Zagreb is about 0.25 (in younger co¬horts) and about 0.5 (in older cohorts) lower than in Croatia as a whole. The completed fertility of Zagreb-born women and those born elsewhere in Croatia slowly grew from older to younger cohorts (except for the youngest one). A similar trend, with some fluctuations, was observed for cohort fertility of women born abroad other than Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the other hand, completed fertility for the cohorts born in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows the opposite intercohort trend, with a notice¬able decline from the oldest to the youngest cohorts. Nevertheless, the overall cohort fertility trend is equal to that for the cohorts born in the City of Zagreb and the cohort of in-migrants from other cities/municipalities in Croatia. The share of childless women in the analysed City of Zagreb cohorts ranged from 11% to 15%, except for the youngest cohort (19%). The proportion of women who had only one child decreased from a relatively high 38% in the oldest cohort to 22– 23% in the cohorts born during the 1960s. The share of women of low parity (parities 0 and 1) decreased over time. While they represented a clear majority in the cohorts born in the 1930s, they account for below 40% in those born from 1945 to 1964. In these cohorts, in the City of Zagreb, the model of two-children families was prevalent, which is not surprising as in most post-socialist countries, having two children was a standard at the time. Women born in Bosnia and Herzegovina had lower childlessness rates than the other three categories. Women from the native cohort, especially older ones, have a rela¬tively high proportion of parity 1, while among women born in Bosnia and Herze¬govina, parity 1 is relatively low. There were no major differences in parity 2 among the analysed cohorts, with a slightly higher proportion of the two-children norm among women born in Croatia and somewhat lower in cohorts born abroad. This is expected because approximately half of the women born in the City of Zagreb in older cohorts no longer participated in reproduction after the first birth. On the other hand, women with higher parities (3 and 4+) dominate among women born in Bosnia and Herzegovina in older cohorts and among women born elsewhere abroad in the youngest cohorts. This is due to their relatively high progression to the third child (parity progression ratio 2→3 rose from 0.45 to 0.6). Interestingly, younger cohorts of women born in the City of Zagreb and the rest of Croatia are more represented in higher parities than the older cohorts. A possible explanation lies in the potentially disproportionately more significant impact of the second generation of the immigrant population whose parents were born abroad, but we should not ig¬nore numerous other economic, institutional and cultural factors of migrant fertility. In the City of Zagreb, the number and share of women with primary education has decreased, while the number and share of women with secondary and higher levels of education has increased. However, cohort fertility for all three educational groups has increased over time, with a slight decline in the youngest cohort among women with medium and high education. Probably due to the previous selectivity among the highly educated, the oldest cohort recorded a very low rate of completed fertility (about 1.1). The analysis has shown that the reproductive behaviour of in-migrants in the City of Zagreb differs from that of the native female population, depending on the place of origin. The difference between internal migrant women is minor – on average less than 0.1 children, with a convergence in the cohort fertility of younger cohorts. At the same time, the cohort fertility of women born abroad is significantly higher than of women born in Zagreb, on average by one child in older cohorts of women born in Bosnia and Herzegovina and by 0.5 children in younger cohorts born in other countries. Moving to the largest city in the country is apparently associated with lower fertility due to adaptation to high competition in the sphere of economic life on the one hand, and low urban reproductive norms on the other. The role of selective migration and the fact that individuals and couples who do not plan to have children disproportionately move to the largest urban centres should not be ignored either.
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Kim, Sung-Soo, and Hun-Sung Kim. "Comorbidity Patterns and Management in Inpatients with Endocrine Diseases by Age Groups in South Korea: Nationwide Data." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010042.
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This study aimed to examine comorbidity associations across age groups of inpatients with endocrine diseases as the primary diagnosis throughout the life cycle to develop an effective management strategy. Data were obtained from the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDS) from 2006 to 2021, involving 68,515 discharged patients aged ≥ 19 years with a principal diagnosis of endocrine disease. A database was constructed for analysis, extracting general characteristics and comorbidities. Employing R version 4.2.3, the Chi-squared test and the Apriori algorithm of ARM (association rule mining) were used for analyzing general characteristics and comorbidity associations. There were more women (53.1%) than men (46.9%) (p < 0.001, with women (61.2 ± 17.2) having a higher average age than men (58.6 ± 58.6) (p < 0.001). Common comorbidities include unspecified diabetes mellitus; essential (primary) hypertension; unspecified diabetes mellitus; and other disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Notably, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemia, polyneuropathy in diseases classified elsewhere, retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere, and essential (primary) hypertension prevail across all age groups. Association rules further highlight specific comorbidities appearing selectively in certain age groups. In conclusion, establishing a management strategy for comorbidities in patients with a primary diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is necessary.
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Kopacz, Marek S., Cathleen P. Kane, Brady Stephens, and Wilfred R. Pigeon. "Use ofICD-9-CMDiagnosis Code V62.89 (Other Psychological or Physical Stress, Not Elsewhere Classified) Following a Suicide Attempt." Psychiatric Services 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500302.
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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.
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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Sweeney, Vincent P., Adele D. Sadovnick, and Vilma Brandejs. "Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100035782.
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ABSTRACT:A province wide prevalence study on multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in British Columbia (B.C.). The prevalence date was July 1, 1982. The major portion of this study was a review of all the files of neurologists practicing in B.C. as this was judged to be the most accurate source for identifying MS patients. 239,412 neurologists' files were hand searched by one researcher using modified Schumacher criteria for classification. Other sources used during the study for identifying MS patients were the MS Clinic, general practitioners, ophthalmologists, urologists, specialized facilities such as long term care facilities and rehabilitation centres, and patient self-referrals.A total of 4,620 non-duplicated cases were identified and classified. 4,112 of these (89%) were classified according to information contained in neurologists' records.The prevalence estimate for definite/probable MS in B.C. was 93.3/100,000 population. This increased to 130.5/100,000 population if possible MS and optic neuritis were also included. These rates are among the highest reported in Canada or elsewhere. The cooperation of B.C. neurologists made this study unique in its scope and accuracy of diagnosis.
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Holmes, William T. "The 1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586085.
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This paper follows the evolution of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures from the development of ATC 3-06 to the 1997 edition of the document. The features of the 1997 NEHRP Provisions are described in detail. Complementary information about the NEHRP Provisions is found in several other papers in this volume of Earthquake Spectra. Subject areas covered elsewhere are specifically referenced in this paper.
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Pérez Tadeo, María, Martin Gammell, and Joanne O'Brien. "First Steps towards the Automated Detection of Underwater Vocalisations of Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Blasket Islands, Southwest Ireland." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020351.
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Underwater vocalisations of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) were recorded by static acoustic monitoring (SM2M, Wildlife Acoustics) in the vicinity of a colony located at White Strand beach on Great Blasket Island, southwest Ireland during the pre-breeding and breeding seasons. Grey seal vocalisations were first classified across nine different categories based on aural and visual characteristics of the spectrograms, providing an acoustic repertoire for grey seals. This classification was further investigated by applying a classification tree analysis, resulting in five of the initial nine groups being selected. Furthermore, a comparison of two common approaches for the detection and extraction of vocalisations from acoustic files was done using the software Raven Pro and PAMGuard. The outputs of this study will present an essential first step towards the development of a protocol for underwater acoustic monitoring of grey seals in Irish waters and elsewhere.
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Noor-ul-huda, Muhammad, Samabia Tehsin, Sairam Ahmed, Fuad A. K. Niazi, and Zeerish Murtaza. "Retinal images benchmark for the detection of diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema (CSME)." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 64, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2018-0098.
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Abstract Diabetes mellitus is an enduring disease related with significant morbidity and mortality. The main pathogenesis behind this disease is its numerous micro- and macrovascular complications. In developing countries, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major sources of vision impairment in working age population. DR has been classified into two categories: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). NPDR is further classified into mild, moderate and severe, while PDR is further classified into early PDR, high risk PDR and advanced diabetic eye disease. DR is a disease caused due to high blood glucose levels which result in vision loss or permanent blindness. High-level advancements in the field of bio-medical image processing have speeded up the automated process of disease diagnoses and analysis. Much research has been conducted and computerized systems have been designed to detect and analyze retinal diseases through image processing. Similarly, a number of algorithms have been designed to detect and grade DR by analyzing different symptoms including microaneurysms, soft exudates, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, fibrotic bands, neovascularization on disc (NVD), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), hemorrhages and tractional bands. The visual examination of the retina is a vital test to diagnose DR-related complications. However, all the DR computer-aided diagnostic systems require a standard dataset for the estimation of their efficiency, performance and accuracy. This research presents a benchmark for the evaluation of computer-based DR diagnostic systems. The existing DR benchmarks are small in size and do not cover all the DR stages and categories. The dataset contains 1445 high-quality fundus photographs of retinal images, acquired over 2 years from the records of the patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. This benchmark provides an evaluation platform for medical image analysis researchers. Furthermore, it provides evaluation data for all the stages of DR.
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Nagy, Barnabás. "A Mecsek Orthoptera faunájának jellegzetes vonásai." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 9 (2006): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2006.9.153.
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The Mecsek Mts and the Villány Hills represent the most southern (low)mountain region of Hungary. Here 63 grasshopper species were detected (=51,6% of the total Hungarian Orthoptera fauna), however, several in Hungary elsewhere common species were not found. High percentage of some Mediterranean, Balkan and other, elsewhere in Hungary rare or missing Orthoptera species (as e.g. Poecilimon fussi, Poecilimon intermedius, Isophya costata, I. modestior, I. modesta, I. camptoxypha, Sagapedo, Odontopodisma decipiens, O. schmidtii, Aiolopus strepens, Acrotylus insubricus, etc.), are characteristic to this fauna and to these grasshopper assemblages. The joint and frequent occurrence of bigger, mostly predaceous decticines (3 Pholidoptera spp., Pachytrachis gracilis, Pterolepis germanica) is also remarkable. Species being under legislative nature protection in Hungary amounted to 10 taxons (=15,9 %) in the Mecsek, - among them with two sub-endemics for the Carpathian Basin: Isophya costata and /. camptoxypha. However, during the last decades some flightless phaneropterids (/. modesta, I. camptoxypha, I. modestior) seem to have suffered local extiction around settlements due to the urbanization pressure. Species occurring in the Mecsek Mts were classified according to their phenology. The northernmost sites of the area of Aiolopus strepens - the adults overwinter - were detected in the Mecsek. Places of occurrence of rare and protected species {Isophya spp., Poecilimon intermedius, Aiolopus strepens) are endangered by habitat destruction, especially around the city Pécs, that is extending to parts of the southern slopes of the Misina Mt (535 m).
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Paltridge, Rachel. "The diets of cats, foxes and dingoes in relation to prey availability in the Tanami Desert, Northern Territory." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00010.
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In most areas of Australia, mammals constitute the staple diets of cats, foxes and dingoes. In central Australia the abundance of mammals is often too low to meet the dietary requirements of these carnivores and yet populations of cats, foxes and dingoes persist. To investigate alternative feeding strategies of cats, foxes and dingoes in arid environments, their diets were monitored in relation to prey availability in two areas of the Tanami Desert where rabbits do not occur. Dietary information was obtained by analysing predator scats collected between 1995 and 1997. Prey availability was monitored by track counts, pitfall trapping, Elliott trapping, and bird counts along walked transects. In contrast to dietary studies elsewhere in Australia, it was found that reptiles were an important component of the diets of predators in the Tanami Desert, and should be classified as seasonal staples. Birds increased in importance in the diets of cats and foxes during the winter, when reptiles were less active. There was considerable overlap between the diets of all three predators, although dingoes ate more large prey items (e.g.�macropods) than the other two predators. Results highlight the opportunistic feeding habits of cats, foxes and dingoes and show that, although mammalian prey are less important in central Australia than has been found elsewhere, species that are vulnerable to extinction, such as the bilby (Macrotis lagotis), mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) and marsupial mole (Notoryctes typhlops), are also consumed by these predators.
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O'Regan, Patrick W., Jennifer M. Ní Mhuircheartaigh, Timothy G. Scanlon, and Martin J. Shelly. "Radiology of the Mesentery." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35, no. 04 (July 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744481.
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AbstractThe recent description and re-classification of the mesentery as an organ prompted renewed interest in its role in physiological and pathological processes. With an improved understanding of its anatomy, accurately and reliably assessing the mesentery with non-invasive radiological investigation becomes more feasible.Multi-detector computed tomography is the main radiological modality employed to assess the mesentery due to its speed, widespread availability, and diagnostic accuracy.Pathologies affecting the mesentery can be classified as primary or secondary mesenteropathies. Primary mesenteropathies originate in the mesentery and subsequently progress to involve other organ systems (e.g., mesenteric ischemia or mesenteric volvulus). Secondary mesenteropathies describe disease processes that originate elsewhere and progress to involve the mesentery with varying degrees of severity (e.g., lymphoma).The implementation of standardized radiological imaging protocols, nomenclature, and reporting format with regard to the mesentery will be essential in improving the assessment of mesenteric anatomy and various mesenteropathies.In this article, we describe and illustrate the current state of art in respect of the radiological assessment of the mesentery.
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Hoffmann, A. A., and M. Turelli. "Unidirectional incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: inheritance, geographic variation and fitness effects." Genetics 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.435.
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Abstract In California, Drosophila simulans females from some populations (type W) produce relatively few adult progeny when crossed to males from some other populations (type R), but the productivity of the reciprocal cross is comparable to within-population controls. These two incompatibility types are widespread in North America and are also present elsewhere. Both types sometimes occur in the same population. Type R females always produce type R progeny irrespective of the father's type. However, matings between R males and females from stocks classified as type W produce type R progeny at low frequency. This suggests rare paternal transmission of the R incompatibility type, as we have found no evidence for segregation of incompatibility types in the W stocks. There is quantitative variation among type R lines for compatibility with W females, but not vice versa. Population cage studies and productivity tests suggest that deleterious side effects are associated with the type R cytoplasm.
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Yajima, Y., and Y. Takahashi. "Lorentz And Interference Electron Microscopy On A Scanning Tem." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013519.
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Magnetic imaging can be performed both on conventional (projection) and scanning TEM (CTEM/STEM). The CTEM-based magnetic imaging, classified into Fresnel, Foucault, holography, and other modes, has proven successful by now in observing various magnetic objects, and has accordingly been well documented elsewhere. The STEMbased one has emerged relatively recently prompted by the rapid growth of current STEM technology.The most ubiquitous implementation of Lorentz microscopy on a STEM is the differential phase contrast (DPC) mode. Each scanning signal obtained in the DPC mode is linear to Lorentz deflection, thus reflects the magnitude of an in-plane component of magnetic induction integrated along the optical axis(Fig.l). The signals therefore suffice to generate integrated in-plane magnetic induction maps(Fig.2). Furthermore, by making use of the fact that the Lorentz deflection distribution across the image plane forms an irrotational (vortex-free) 2D vector field, a pertinent numerical image processing yields a function equivalent to the electron phase function representing magnetically distorted electron wavefront.
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Bisio, G. "Exergy Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage With Specific Remarks on the Variation of the Environmental Temperature." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2848020.
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Energy storage is a key technology for many purposes and in particular for air conditioning plants and a successful exploitation of solar energy. Thermal storage devices are usually classified as either variable temperature (“sensible heat”) or constant temperature (“latent heat”) devices. For both models a basic question is to determine the efficiency suitably: Only exergy efficiency appears a proper way. The aim of this paper is to examine exergy efficiency in both variable and constant temperature systems. From a general statement of exergy efficiency by the present author, two types of actual definitions are proposed, depending on the fact that the exergy of the fluid leaving the thermal storage during the charge phase can be either totally lost or utilized elsewhere. In addition, specific remarks are made about the exergy of a system in a periodically varying temperature environment.
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Sarika, H.-L., A. Papathoma, M. Garofalaki, K. Saltiki, T. Pappa, K. Pazaitou-Panayiotou, E. Anastasiou, and M. Alevizaki. "Genetic screening of patients with medullary thyroid cancer in a referral center in Greece during the past two decades." European Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 4 (April 2015): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0817.
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ObjectiveMutations in theRETgene are responsible for hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and may vary between ethnic groups. We report the spectrum of mutations detected in patients with MTC in a referral center in Greece.Patients and methodsScreening forRETmutations was performed in 313 subjects from 188 unrelated families: 51 patients had clinical suspicion for familial disease, 133 were apparently sporadic, four patients had only C cell hyperplasia, and 125 were family members. Exons 8, 10, 11, and 13–16 were screened.ResultsA total of 58 individuals (30.85%) wereRETmutations carriers, 120 (63.8%) were finally classified as sporadic, 13 apparently sporadic cases (9.8%) were identified withRETmutation: ten carried the exon 8 at codon 533 mutation (previously reported), two the exon 14 at codon 804 mutation, and one the exon 13 at codon 768 mutation. Six patients (3.19%) with clinical features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and negative forRETmutations were classified as ‘unknown cause’. The mutations of hereditary cases were as follows: 21 cases (36.2%) in exon 8 codon 533, 19 (32.8%) in exon 11 codon 634, nine (15.5%) in exon 10, five (8.6%) in exon 16, three (5.2%) in exon 14 codon 804, and one in exon 13 codon 768 (1.7%).ConclusionThe spectrum ofRETmutations in Greece differs from that in other populations and the prevalence of familial cases is higher. The exon 8 (Gly533Cys) mutation was the most prevalent in familial cases unlike other series, followed by exon 11 (codon 634) mutations which are the most frequent elsewhere. The wide application of genetic screening in MTC reveals new molecular defects and helps to characterize the spectrum of mutations in each ethnic group.
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Dakskobler, Igor, and Jernej Peljhan. "Viola Pyrenaica Ramond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0009-5.
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Viola PyrenaicaRamond Ex Dc in the Northern Part of the Dinaric Mountains (The Plateaus of Trnovski Gozd and Nanos, Slovenia)The article describes new localities of a south-European montane speciesViola pyrenaicain the Julian Alps and in the Trnovski gozd and Nanos plateaus (the northern part of the Dinaric mountains). It has been established that in the localities known so far in Slovenia, the species grows on similar sites as elsewhere in the Alps and other mountain ranges of the Balkan Peninsula, above all on overgrown screes, stony grasslands, on forest edges, in light forests on stony ground and in tall herb communities on calcareous bedrock in the submontane, montane and subalpine belt (450 to 1600 m a.s.l.). The floristic composition of the communities in which it grows is presented in four tables. On the Trnovski gozd plateau it was found in various successional stages of abandoned pastures or grasslands of the associationGenisto sericeae-Seslerietum kalnikensisand in open coppice stands of hop hornbeam and flowering ash, which are classified into the associationSeslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae.
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De Carlo, D., L. Dal Zotto, E. Perissinotto, L. Gallo, M. Gatta, U. Balottin, G. Mazzotta, et al. "Osmophobia in migraine classification: A multicentre study in juvenile patients." Cephalalgia 30, no. 12 (March 26, 2010): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410362928.
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Aims: This study was planned to investigate the diagnostic utility of osmophobia as criterion for migraine without aura (MO) as proposed in the Appendix (A1.1) of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II, 2004). Methods: We analysed 1020 patients presenting at 10 Italian juvenile headache centres, 622 affected by migraine (M) and 328 by tension-type headache (TTH); 70 were affected by headache not elsewhere classified (NEC) in ICHD-II. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the prevalence of osmophobia was 26.9%, significantly higher in M than TTH patients (34.6% vs 14.3%). Results: Osmophobia was correlated with: (i) family history of M and osmophobia; and (ii) other accompanying symptoms of M. By applying these ‘new’ criteria, we found an agreement with the current criteria for the diagnosis of migraine without aura (MO) in 96.2% of cases; 54.3% of previously unclassifiable patients received a ‘new’ diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that this new approach, proposed in the Appendix (A1.1), appears easy to apply and should improve the diagnostic standard of ICHD-II in young patients too.
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Farid, A. M., and D. C. McFarlane. "Production degrees of freedom as manufacturing system reconfiguration potential measures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 222, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1056.
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In recent years, many design approaches have been developed for automated manufacturing systems in the fields of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), holonic manufacturing systems (HMSs), and multi-agent systems (MASs). One of the principle reasons for these developments has been to enhance the reconfigurability of a manufacturing system, allowing it to adapt readily to changes over time. However, to date, reconfigurability assessment has been limited. Hence, the efficacy of these design approaches remains inconclusive. This paper is the first of two in this issue to address reconfigurability measurement. Specifically, it seeks to address ‘reconfiguration potential’ by analogy. Mechanical degrees of freedom have been used in the field of mechanics as a means of determining the independent directions of motion of a mechanical system. By analogy, manufacturing degrees of freedom can be used to determine independent ways of production. Furthermore, manufacturing degrees of freedom can be classified into their production and product varieties. This paper specifically focuses on the former to measure the product-independent aspects of manufacturing system ‘reconfiguration potential’. This approach will be added to complementary work on the measurement of ‘reconfiguration ease’ so as to form an integrated reconfigurability measurement process described elsewhere [1—5].
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Matthews, Peter C. "Pathological Habit Disorder?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 9 (December 1988): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300908.
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This paper outlines a diagnostic entity called ‘Pathological Habit Disorder’ which is suggested for inclusion in the DSM as an Axis II option. Specific areas of concern, either mental (Axis I) or physical (Axis III), would delineate the syndrome. Pathological Habit Disorder (PHD) points to treatment options where the syndrome is wholly or partly habit-driven. Whether the syndrome is habit-driven or not will remain a clinical judgement even though many conditions, previously thought immutable except by medication, are proving accessible to behavioural engineering. In the ICD system, PHD seems to fit in “Special Symptoms or Syndromes not elsewhere Classified”. It is demonstrably useful to have a diagnosis such as PHD and to incorporate it into the body of medical classification, recognizing current practices for dealing with unwelcome or damaging habits.
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Blumberg, Baruch S. "Astrobiology, space and the future age of discovery." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1936 (February 13, 2011): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0239.
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Astrobiology is the study of the origins, evolution, distribution and future of life in the Universe, and specifically seeks to understand the origin of life and to test the hypothesis that life exists elsewhere than on Earth. There is a general mathematics, physics and chemistry; that is, scientific laws that obtain on Earth also do so elsewhere. Is there a general biology? Is the Universe life-rich or is Earth an isolated island of biology? Exploration in the Age of Enlightenment required the collection of data in unexplored regions and the use of induction and empiricism to derive models and natural laws. The current search for extra-terrestrial life has a similar goal, but with a much greater amount of data and with computers to help with management, correlations, pattern recognition and analysis. There are 60 active space missions, many of them aiding in the search for life. There is not a universally accepted definition of life, but there are a series of characteristics that can aid in the identification of life elsewhere. The study of locations on Earth with similarities to early Mars and other space objects could provide a model that can be used in the search for extra-terrestrial life.
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Parra, Giovanni, Joshua Komathy, Gregory J. Clement, and Richard P. Anderson. "Substations in Classified Locations: Integration of Pressurization Requirements With Other Supporting Systems." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 27, no. 1 (January 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2020.3024478.
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Tucker, Matilda, and Hannah Clarkson. "Building Bridges: A Conversation between Friends, about Language, Laziness, and Long-distance Running." Connections: A Journal of Language, Media and Culture 2, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/connections39.
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This conversation took place in a shared Google Doc over several occasions in April and early May 2021, between friends and colleagues, artists and writers, Hannah Clarkson and Matilda Tucker, in the context of an ongoing experiment in collaborative writing. In their individual and collective practices, Clarkson and Tucker explore potential embodiments in language(s) of thinking and dwelling in the ‘here and elsewhere’ of places and spaces they may not physically be in, across cultural, geographical and/or emotional distance. They are interested in how language can be employed as a tool for empathy beyond concrete linguistic understanding; how translation as method opens up to modalities of fictioning and collective storytelling; and writing as an experiment in sharing everyday struggles and building collective narratives of care. An attempt to bridge gaps between the here and elsewhere of Stockholm, Berlin and all the other places that in this time of pandemic we cannot be, the text below is not a conclusion but a conversation. It is a thinking out loud - or rather, on screen - together, on themes of language and translation; belonging and resisting; work and laziness; former and formless selves.
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Lian, Renzun, and Jin Pan. "Electromagnetic-Power-Based Modal Classification, Modal Expansion, and Modal Decomposition for Perfect Electric Conductors." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (November 25, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5313590.
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Traditionally, all working modes of a perfect electric conductor are classified into capacitive modes, resonant modes, and inductive modes, and the resonant modes are further classified into internal resonant modes and external resonant modes. In this paper, the capacitive modes are further classified into intrinsically capacitive modes and nonintrinsically capacitive modes; the resonant modes are alternatively classified into intrinsically resonant modes, which are further classified into nonradiative intrinsically resonant modes and radiative intrinsically resonant modes, and nonintrinsically resonant modes; the inductive modes are further classified into intrinsically inductive modes and nonintrinsically inductive modes. Based on the modal expansion corresponding to these new modal classifications, an alternative modal decomposition method is proposed. In addition, it is also proved that all intrinsically resonant modes and all nonradiative intrinsically resonant modes constitute linear spaces, respectively, but other kinds of resonant modes cannot constitute linear spaces; by including the mode 0 into the intrinsically capacitive mode set and the intrinsically inductive mode set, these two modal sets become linear spaces, respectively, but other kinds of capacitive modes and inductive modes cannot constitute linear spaces.
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Rehm, Jürgen, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Huan Jiang, Shannon Lange, Maria Neufeld, Robin Room, Sally Casswell, Alexander Tran, and Jakob Manthey. "Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm: The Example of Lithuania, 2000–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052419.
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Due to the high levels of alcohol use, alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease, and detrimental drinking patterns, Lithuania implemented a series of alcohol control policies within a relatively short period of time, between 2008 and 2019. Based on their expected impact on alcohol consumption and alcohol-attributable harm, as well as their target population, these policies have been classified using a set of objective criteria and expert opinion. The classification criteria included: positive vs. negative outcomes, mainly immediate vs. delayed outcomes, and general population vs. specific group outcomes. The judgement of the alcohol policy experts converged on the objective criteria, and, as a result, two tiers of intervention were identified: Tier 1—highly effective general population interventions with an anticipated immediate impact; Tier 2—other interventions aimed at the general population. In addition, interventions directed at specific populations were identified. This adaptable methodological approach to alcohol control policy classification is intended to provide guidance and support for the evaluation of alcohol policies elsewhere, to lay the foundation for the critical assessment of the policies to improve health and increase life expectancy, and to reduce crime and violence.
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Adam, Ishag, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Sisay Alemu, Chanaki Amaratunga, Roberto Amato, Voahangy Andrianaranjaka, Nicholas M. Anstey, et al. "An open dataset of Plasmodium vivax genome variation in 1,895 worldwide samples." Wellcome Open Research 7 (April 14, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17795.1.
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This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of Plasmodium vivax collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partner studies in addition to previously published samples from these and other sources. We provide genotype calls at over 4.5 million variable positions including over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as short indels and tandem duplications. This enlarged dataset highlights major compartments of parasite population structure, with clear differentiation between Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Western Asia and different parts of Southeast Asia. Each sample has been classified for drug resistance to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine based on known markers at the dhfr, dhps and mdr1 loci. The prevalence of all of these resistance markers was much higher in Southeast Asia and Oceania than elsewhere. This open resource of analysis-ready genome variation data from the MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN networks is driven by our collective goal to advance research into the complex biology of P. vivax and to accelerate genomic surveillance for malaria control and elimination.
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Boberg, Charles. "The emergence of a new phoneme: Foreign (a) in Canadian English." Language Variation and Change 21, no. 3 (October 2009): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394509990172.
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AbstractThe nativization or phonological adaptation of words transferred from other languages can have structural-phonological consequences for the recipient language. In English, nativization of words in which the stressed vowel is spelled with the letter <a>, here called “foreign (a)” words, leads to variable outcomes, because English <a> represents not one but three phonemes. The most common outcomes historically have been /ey/ (as inpotato), /æ/ (tobacco), and /ah/ (spa), but vowel choice shows diachronic, social, and regional variation, including systematic differences between major national dialects. British English uses /ah/ for long vowels and /æ/ elsewhere, American English prefers /ah/ everywhere, whereas Canadian English traditionally prefers /æ/. The Canadian pattern is now changing, with younger speakers adopting American /ah/-variants. This article presents new data on foreign (a) in Canadian English, confirming the use of /ah/ among younger speakers, but finds that some outcomes cannot be classified as either /æ/ or /ah/. A third, phonetically intermediate outcome is often observed. Acoustic analysis confirms the extraphonemic status of these outcomes, which may constitute a new low-central vowel phoneme in Canadian English.
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Suriyanti, S. N. P., and G. Usup. "Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the marine diatom Nitzschia dentatum sp. nov. and N. johorensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Malaysia." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v24i2.35114.
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The marine diatom Nitzschia dentatum sp. nov. isolated from seawater samples of Kudat and N. johorensis sp. nov. isolated from beach sand samples of Sibu Island, Malaysia, have been described in this paper. Morphological identification, molecular phylogeny and toxin analyses were executed on the pure non-axenic algal cultures designated as KD89 and PS8, respectively. The main distinguishing feature of N. dentatum sp. nov. compared to other species is the jaggedcingulum structure which is only unique to this species. Meanwhile, N. johorensis sp. nov.is strongly characterized by the ‘hantzschioid’and ‘nitzschioid’ symmetry dimorphisms; a common diagnostic feature but rarely described in other Nitzschia species. Identification of both strains was made based on the frustule diagnostic features and verified using the partial large ribosomal subunit DNA sequences. The results have confirmed that these two speciesare independent entities and novel species that have not been documented elsewhere. A notable finding from the Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Index (BI) analyses have also revealed that Nitzschia species that have indentation in the middle of valves have been consistently grouped as same clade with high bootstrap values. The extracts of both species did not show detectable amount of domoicacid and have therefore, been classified as non-toxic. This discovery contributes to the documentation of Nitzschia species worldwide.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 183–196.
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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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EVANS, J., J. BARBARA, and P. J. SCHEMBRI. "Updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1064.
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An updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands is presented on account of new records and amendments to a previous review in 2007. Species were classified according to their establishment status (‘Questionable’, ‘Casual’, ‘Established’, ‘Invasive’) and origin (‘Alien’, ‘Range expansion’, ‘Cryptogenic’). A total of 31 species were added to the inventory, while 6 species have been removed, bringing the total number of species to 73. Of these, 66 are considered to be aliens (or putative aliens but with uncertain origin) with the remaining 7 resulting from range expansion. Six records are considered to be questionable and hence unverified. For verified records, the dominant taxonomic groups are Mollusca (represented by 21 species) and Actinopterygii (15 species), followed by Crustacea (8 species) and Rhodophyta (7 species). Eight of these species (aliens: Caulerpa cylindracea, Lophocladia lallemandi, Womersleyella setacea, Brachidontes pharaonis, Percnon gibbesi, Fistularia commersonii, Siganus luridus; range extender: Sphoeroides pachygaster) are considered to be invasive. The introduction pathway for 30 species is unknown. Amongst the alien species, ‘Shipping’ is the most common introduction pathway, followed by ‘Secondary dispersal’ from elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. An increasing trend in the number of alien marine species reported from the Maltese Islands is evident, with a peak of 22 species recorded during the last decade (2001–2010). A discussion on the rationale for including range-expanding species in national inventories of recent arrivals, and in the analysis of trends in records from the Maltese Islands, is included. In particular, the general warming trend of Mediterranean surface waters appears to be facilitating the westward spread of thermophilic alien species from the Eastern to the Central Mediterranean, and the eastward range expansion of tropical and subtropical Eastern Atlantic species.
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Tsallis, Constantino. "Beyond Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon in Physics and Elsewhere." Entropy 21, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070696.
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The pillars of contemporary theoretical physics are classical mechanics, Maxwell electromagnetism, relativity, quantum mechanics, and Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics –including its connection with thermodynamics. The BG theory describes amazingly well the thermal equilibrium of a plethora of so-called simple systems. However, BG statistical mechanics and its basic additive entropy S B G started, in recent decades, to exhibit failures or inadequacies in an increasing number of complex systems. The emergence of such intriguing features became apparent in quantum systems as well, such as black holes and other area-law-like scenarios for the von Neumann entropy. In a different arena, the efficiency of the Shannon entropy—as the BG functional is currently called in engineering and communication theory—started to be perceived as not necessarily optimal in the processing of images (e.g., medical ones) and time series (e.g., economic ones). Such is the case in the presence of generic long-range space correlations, long memory, sub-exponential sensitivity to the initial conditions (hence vanishing largest Lyapunov exponents), and similar features. Finally, we witnessed, during the last two decades, an explosion of asymptotically scale-free complex networks. This wide range of important systems eventually gave support, since 1988, to the generalization of the BG theory. Nonadditive entropies generalizing the BG one and their consequences have been introduced and intensively studied worldwide. The present review focuses on these concepts and their predictions, verifications, and applications in physics and elsewhere. Some selected examples (in quantum information, high- and low-energy physics, low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, earthquakes, turbulence, long-range interacting systems, and scale-free networks) illustrate successful applications. The grounding thermodynamical framework is briefly described as well.
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Mehler, R., and M. W. Ostrowski. "Comparison of the efficiency of best stormwater management practices in urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0492.
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Increasingly extended and alternative methods for urban stormwater management have been discussed in Germany and elsewhere. Without question an economically and ecologically sound combination of central and decentral measures will be a concept of the future. Yet, at present the introduction of approaches other than traditional combined sewer systems is restricted due to missing planning tools and technologies. Adding a number of frequently used Best Stormwater Management Practices (BSMP's) has widely extended the applicability of an existing stormwater water balance and pollution load model.
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Kiranakumara, Rudramurthy H. V., Basavaraj K., Rajesh N. L., Channabsavanna A. S., Sathishkumar U., and Vijaya Wali. "Taxonomical Approach on Different Soil Types of Kalyana Karnataka, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 2 (February 2, 2024): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i24388.
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The three types of soils namely red, lateritic and black soils from Kalyana Karnataka, India, belonged to selected soil series derived from diversified geology, topography, climate and vegetation were characterized and classified based on geomorphological, morphological, physical and chemical soil properties. Red and lateritic soils series other than Badrapur, Kodambal, Rummanagunda and Kallarahatti series were classified as Typic Haplustepts while Badrapur, Kodambal, Rummanagunda and Kallarahatti series as Lithic Haplustepts at sub group level. All the black soils series other than Margutti series were keyed out as Typic Haplusterts while Margutti series as Lithic Haplusterts at subgroup level.
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Kihel, M., Salah Sahli, R. Clergereaux, P. Raynaud, and Y. Segui. "Optical Properties of a-C:H Films Deposited by Plasma Microwave Discharge with Controlling Substrate Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 227 (April 2011): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.227.200.
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Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films have been deposited in Microwave Multipolar plasma reactor (MMP) using pure acetylene as precursor with controlling substrate temperature. Investigations on the optical properties of deposited films according to the substrate temperature have been reported. It has been observed that the optical band gap decreases and the Csp2 concentration increases when cooling down the substrate temperature. On the other hand, it has been revealed elsewhere that cooling down the substrate temperature during the deposition process, leads to the increase of particles trapped density in the deposited films due to a phenomenon of thermophoresis. Therefore, the optical properties evolution is linked to the increases of particles trapped density in the deposited films.
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Šašel Kos, Marjeta. "The Sisciani in the Roman Empire." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 16 (December 15, 2017): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2017.16.10.
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The article comments on residents of Siscia attested outside the city and its territory. It is based both on corpus of the Roman inscriptions from Siscia and inscriptions found elsewhere in the Roman Empire in which the Sisciani are documented. A few individuals, known from other provincial towns, were employed in municipal and provincial administration, while soldiers of various ranks predominate, legionaries as well as auxiliaries. Among them, soldiers serving in the Praetorian Guard are the best attested.
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Abdellaoui, Abdelkader. "Religious discourse in Islam and elsewhere: What speech at the dawn of the 21st century?" American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews 03, no. 01 (2024): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58372/2835-6276.1134.
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We are interested here in religious discourse in Islam and elsewhere in other religions and in other places (India, China, the West and others), as a lesson or course given orally in front of an audience. We therefore immediately rule out the Muslim preaching on Friday or the speech in Church on Sunday, which has different meanings and objects. Indeed, the speech, as an optional course, must have a certain number of characteristics to be listened to, understood and integrated into the daily conduct of the faithful. It should not consist of delivering incomprehensible text. It would be even more dangerous if it is not based on truths demonstrated in harmony with the development of knowledge and knowledge: dangerous for those who know and who will distance themselves from the people of discourse and also for those who do not know not and who will be pushed a little further into ignorance and credulity. This work is not intended to make any judgment on the substance of the discourse as it is currently given in places of worship; on the contrary, it offers a method and “tips” for developing and reading the speech. However, it provides guidance on content when the context is that of multicultural and multi-religious societies. We warn, however, against boring repetitive speeches which alienate the believer from the priest giving the speech.
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Westenenk, Benjamín, Juan Carlos de la Llera, Juan José Besa, Rosita Jünemann, Jack Moehle, Carl Lüders, José Antonio Inaudi, Kenneth J. Elwood, and Shyh-Jiann Hwang. "Response of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Concepción during the Maule Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 1_suppl1 (June 2012): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000037.
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Detailed observations are reported for eight shear wall buildings from the Concepción region that experienced severe damage during the 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake. The repetitive nature of some of the damage suggests that these field observations may be applicable to similar buildings elsewhere, whereas other damage may be unique. Several shear walls experienced failures that apparently started at the boundaries due to the high compression in these unconfined edges, and propagated into the wall web. Other walls, including horizontal and vertical wall segments in perforated walls, experienced shear failure. Damage also was observed in columns, beams, and coupling slabs. In most cases, the percentage of damaged elements was less than 10% of the lateral force-resisting elements of the building, suggesting that these structures were not capable of distributing damage. Several building indices are calculated, including vibration periods and regularity indices, for comparison with observed behavior.
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Ericson, U., E. Wirfält, I. Mattisson, B. Gullberg, and K. Skog. "Dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in relation to socio-economic, lifestyle and other dietary factors: estimates in a Swedish population." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007352518.
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AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the dietary intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), to examine the intakes in relation to socio-economics, lifestyle and other dietary factors and to compare the classification of subjects by intake of HCA versus intake of meat and fish.DesignCross-sectional analysis within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Data were obtained from a modified diet history, a structured questionnaire on socio-economics and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements and chemical analysis of HCAs. HCA intake was cross-classified against meat and fish intake. The likelihood of being a high consumer of HCAs was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Dietary intakes were examined across quintiles of HCA intake using analysis of variance.SettingBaseline examinations conducted in 1991–1994 in Malmö, Sweden.SubjectsA sub-sample of 8599 women and 6575 men of the MDC cohort.ResultsThe mean daily HCA intake was 583 ng for women and 821 ng for men. Subjects were ranked differently with respect to HCA intake compared with intake of fried and baked meat and fish (κ = 0.13). High HCA intake was significantly associated with lower age, overweight, sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Intakes of dietary fibre, fruits and fermented milk products were negatively associated with HCA intake, while intakes of selenium, vegetables, potatoes, alcohol (among men) and non-milk-based margarines (among women) were positively associated with HCA intake.ConclusionsThe estimated daily HCA intake of 690 ng is similar to values obtained elsewhere. The present study suggests that lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intakes, and types of milk products and margarines) may confound associations between HCA intake and disease. The poor correlation between HCA intake and intakes of fried meat and fish facilitates an isolation of the health effects of HCAs.
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Xu, Wei, and Yong Peng. "Research on classified real-time flood forecasting framework based on K-means cluster and rough set." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 10 (March 20, 2015): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.128.
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This research presents a new classified real-time flood forecasting framework. In this framework, historical floods are classified by a K-means cluster according to the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, the time variance of precipitation intensity and other hydrological factors. Based on the classified results, a rough set is used to extract the identification rules for real-time flood forecasting. Then, the parameters of different categories within the conceptual hydrological model are calibrated using a genetic algorithm. In real-time forecasting, the corresponding category of parameters is selected for flood forecasting according to the obtained flood information. This research tests the new classified framework on Guanyinge Reservoir and compares the framework with the traditional flood forecasting method. It finds that the performance of the new classified framework is significantly better in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the framework can be considered in a catchment with fewer historical floods.
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Gates, J. H., S. Mellon, and G. Klein. "The Whittier Narrows, California Earthquake of October 1, 1987—Damage to State Highway Bridges." Earthquake Spectra 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585480.
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Damage to State highway bridges was confined primarily to one bridge at the Interstate 605 and 5 Interchange. Shear damage, classified as moderate, occurred to the columns of one bent. The bridge was shored up and opened to traffic in less than 22 hours. Minor damage also occured at bearings and other locations on sixteen other bridges. Evidence of movement was also noted on seven other bridges.
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Carpenter, W. T., J. R. Bustillo, G. K. Thaker, J. van Os, R. F. Krueger, and M. J. Green. "The psychoses: Cluster 3 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 12 (October 1, 2009): 2025–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709990286.
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BackgroundIn an effort to group mental disorders on the basis of etiology, five clusters have been proposed. Here we consider the validity of the cluster comprising selected psychotic and related disorders.MethodA group of diagnostic entities classified under schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in DSM-IV-TR were assigned to this cluster and the bordering disorders, bipolar (BD) and schizotypal personality disorders (SPD), were included. We then reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by the DSM-V Task Force Study Group.ResultsRelevant comparisons on the 11 spectrum criteria are rare for the included disorders except for schizophrenia and the two border conditions, BD and SPD. The core psychosis group is congruent at the level of shared psychotic psychopathology and response to antipsychotic medication. BD and SPD are exceptions in that psychosis is not typical in BD-II disorder and frank psychosis is excluded in SPD. There is modest similarity between schizophrenia and BD relating to risk factors, neural substrates, cognition and endophenotypes, but key differences are noted. There is greater support for a spectrum relationship of SPD and schizophrenia. Antecedent temperament, an important validator for other groupings, has received little empirical study in the various psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThe DSM-IV-TR grouping of psychotic disorders is supported by tradition and shared psychopathology, but few data exist across these diagnoses relating to the 11 spectrum criteria. The case for including BD is modest, and the relationship of BD to other mood disorders is addressed elsewhere. Evidence is stronger for inclusion of SPD, but the relationship with other personality disorders along the 11 criteria is not addressed and the absence of psychosis presents a conceptual problem. There are no data along the 11 spectrum criteria that are decisive for a cluster based on etiology, and inclusion of BD and SPD is questionable.
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Hrudey, S. E., P. Payment, P. M. Huck, R. W. Gillham, and E. J. Hrudey. "A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0146.
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An estimated 2,300 people became seriously ill and seven died from exposure to microbially contaminated drinking water in the town of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada in May 2000. The severity of this drinking water disaster resulted in the Government of Ontario calling a public inquiry by Mr. Justice Dennis O’Connor to address the cause of the outbreak, the role (if any) of government policies in contributing to this outbreak and, ultimately, the implications of this experience on the safety of drinking water across the Province of Ontario. The circumstances surrounding the Walkerton tragedy are an important reference source for those concerned with providing safe drinking water. Although some circumstances are obviously specific to this epidemic, others are uncomfortably reminiscent of waterborne outbreaks that have occurred elsewhere. These recurring themes suggested the need for attention to broad issues of drinking water security and they present the challenge for how drinking water safety can be managed to prevent such tragedies in the future.
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Telemi, Edvin, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Mauricio J. Avila, Ashley L. Lukefahr, Christopher Le, and G. Michael Lemole. "Suprasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report." Surgical Neurology International 10 (April 24, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni-83-2019.
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Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare form of astrocytic neoplasm most commonly found in children and young adults. This neoplasm, which is classified as a Grade II tumor by the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system, carries a relatively favorable outcome. It is usually found supratentorially in cortical regions of the cerebral hemispheres, and as such, presenting symptoms are similar to other supratentorial cortical neoplasms; with seizures being a common initial symptom. Due to the rarity of this type of neoplasm, PXA arising elsewhere in the brain is often not included in the initial differential diagnosis. Case Description: This report presents an extremely rare patient with PXA arising in the suprasellar region who presented with progressive peripheral vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous suprasellar mass with cystic and enhancing components initially; the most likely differential diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of the tumor. Microscopically, the tumor was consistent with a glial neoplasm with variable morphology. Based on these findings along with further immunohistochemical workup, the patient was diagnosed with a PXA arising in the suprasellar region. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of recurrence. Although rare PXA originating in other uncommon locations, such as the spinal cord, cerebellum, the ventricular system, and the pineal region have been previously described. Conclusion: Although rare, PXA should be included in the differential diagnosis for solid-cystic tumors arising in the suprasellar region in young adults.
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Burnett, Anthea, Ling Lee, Fabrizio D'Esposito, Geoffrey Wabulembo, Anaseini Cama, Georgia Guldan, Marleen Nelisse, et al. "Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in people aged 50 years and older in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 6 (July 4, 2018): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311803.
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Background/aimsTo conduct an assessment of avoidable blindness, diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults aged 50 years and older in the National Capital District (NCD) region of Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey was performed for which 25 clusters of 50 people aged ≥50 years were randomly selected from the NCD region. The standardised rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with diabetic retinopathy (+DR) methodology was used. Blindness was defined as presenting visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye. Participants were classified as having diabetes if they were known to have diabetes or if their random blood glucose level was ≥200 mg/dL. Dilated fundus examination and Scottish DR grading were performed.ResultsIn total, 1192 out of 1250 eligible participants (95.4%) were examined. Of these, 7.8% had known or newly diagnosed diabetes. Seventy-one per cent of participants with known diabetes had a blood glucose level ≥200 mg/dL, and 82.9% had never had an ophthalmological examination for DR. Prevalence of DR and/or maculopathy was 46.4%. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 8.1% (95% CI 5.7% to 10.4%) in the population aged 50 years or older in the NCD region of PNG.ConclusionsPrevalence of diabetes in adults aged 50 years and older was lower than reported elsewhere in the region, and lower than other RAAB+DR surveys. Despite this, the prevalence of DR is high compared with other RAAB+DR surveys and demonstrates the need for increased awareness and accessibility to eye services for people with diabetes.
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Patten, Scott B., and Joel Paris. "The Bipolar Spectrum—A Bridge Too Far?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 11 (November 2008): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301108.
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Objectives: To review the literature evaluating outcomes resulting from expansion of the bipolar disorder (BD) diagnostic category. We were particularly interested in identifying high-level evidence for improved clinical outcomes as documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. Methods: The English-language literature was searched using Ovid MEDLINE for studies of BD referenced against the key word spectrum. We used bibliographies and other databases to extend this search when no relevant RCTs or relevant cohort studies were identified. Results: In the MEDLINE searches, abstracts and titles of 86 studies were examined and 48 were found to be related to the topic of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). No RCTs or prospective cohort studies evaluating modified diagnostic or therapeutic practices were identified. The literature about the BSD consists mostly of expert opinion emphasizing: various links between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders; a proposal that a greater proportion of the population without a mood disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders should be diagnosed under the BD category; and, proposals that syndromes currently classified elsewhere should be subsumed under the BD category. Conclusions: Our search failed to uncover high-level evidence demonstrating the clinical utility of proposed diagnostic realignments. The widespread acceptance of the expanded spectrum concept appears to be based on interpretation of descriptive epidemiologic data by high-profile experts.