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1
Xu, Feng, Zhaofu Li, Shuyu Zhang, Naitao Huang, Zongyao Quan, Wenmin Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Xiaosan Jiang, Jianjun Pan, and Alexander V. Prishchepov. "Mapping Winter Wheat with Combinations of Temporally Aggregated Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Data in Shandong Province, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122065.
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Winter wheat is one of the major cereal crops in China. The spatial distribution of winter wheat planting areas is closely related to food security; however, mapping winter wheat with time-series finer spatial resolution satellite images across large areas is challenging. This paper explores the potential of combining temporally aggregated Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI data available via the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for mapping winter wheat in Shandong Province, China. First, six phenological median composites of Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI reflectance measures were generated by a temporal aggregation technique according to the winter wheat phenological calendar, which covered seedling, tillering, over-wintering, reviving, jointing-heading and maturing phases, respectively. Then, Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to classify multi-temporal composites but also mono-temporal winter wheat development phases and mono-sensor data. The results showed that winter wheat could be classified with an overall accuracy of 93.4% and F1 measure (the harmonic mean of producer’s and user’s accuracy) of 0.97 with temporally aggregated Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data were combined. As our results also revealed, it was always good to classify multi-temporal images compared to mono-temporal imagery (the overall accuracy dropped from 93.4% to as low as 76.4%). It was also good to classify Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery combined instead of classifying them individually. The analysis showed among the mono-temporal winter wheat development phases that the maturing phase’s and reviving phase’s data were more important than the data for other mono-temporal winter wheat development phases. In sum, this study confirmed the importance of using temporally aggregated Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI data combined and identified key winter wheat development phases for accurate winter wheat classification. These results can be useful to benefit on freely available optical satellite data (Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI) and prioritize key winter wheat development phases for accurate mapping winter wheat planting areas across China and elsewhere.
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Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey. "Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 5, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/082.
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Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the prostate gland (SRCCP) an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumour of the prostate gland which is characterized by histopathology examination features of compression of the nucleus into the form of a crescent by a large cytoplasmic vacuole. SRCCPs that have so far been reported have been either (a) primary tumours, metastatic tumours with the primary tumour elsewhere with the gastro-intestinal tract being the site of the primary tumour but the primary tumour could originate elsewhere, and additionally some reported SRCCPs have been classified as carcinoma of unknown primary. SRCCP could be a pure tumour or a tumour that is contemporaneously associated with other types of tumour including various variants of adenocarcinoma. SRCCP can manifest in various ways including: Incidental finding following prostatectomy that has been undertaken for a presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, visible and non-visible haematuria, raised levels of serum PSA but some SRCCPs have been diagnosed with normal / low levels of serum PSA, there may be a history of dyspepsia in cases of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma in association with contemporaneous primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach or there may be a past history of surgical treatment for signet-ring cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in cases of upper gastrointestinal tract and rectal bleeding as well as change in bowel habit for primary tumours of the anorectal region, retention of urine, and rarely a rectal mass in the case of SRCCP with an anorectal primary tumour. In order to exclude a primary signet ring cell carcinoma elsewhere, a detailed past medical history is required as well as radiology imaging including contrast – enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan as well as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy to exclude a primary lesion within the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of SRCCP requires utilization of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination features of prostate biopsy, prostatic chips obtained from trans-urethral resection of prostate specimen or radical prostatectomy specimen. SRCCPs upon immunohistochemistry staining studies tend to show tumour that tend to exhibit positive staining for the following tumour markers as follows: PSA – positive staining for PSA has been variable in some studies, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 with a mean of 8%, PAS-diastase, Mucicarmine (50%), Alcian blue (60%), Alpha-methyl-acyl coenzyme A racemase (P504S), and Cytokeratin 5/6. SRCCPs also tend to exhibit negative staining for: Bcl2 (rare positive), and CEA (80%). Traditionally the treatment of Primary Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland has tended to be similar to the treatment of the traditional adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland which does include: hormonal treatment, radiotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, considering that primary SRCCPs and metastatic SRCCPs that have been reported in the literature have generally tended to be associated with an aggressive biological behaviour, even though there is no consensus opinion on the treatment of the disease it would be strongly recommended that these tumours that tend to be associated with rapid progress of the disease and poor survival there is an urgent need to treat all these tumours with aggressive surgery including radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant therapies including: radical radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy, selective prostatic angiography and super-selective embolization of the artery feeding the tumour including intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapy agents directly to the tumour, radiofrequency ablation of the tumour as well as irreversible electroporation of the tumour which should form part of a global multicentre study of various treatment options. With regard to metastatic signet-ring cell carcinomas of the prostate gland with a contemporaneous primary tumour elsewhere the primary tumour should also be treated by radical and complete excision of the primary tumour plus radical surgery and aggressive adjuvant therapy. Considering that SRCCPs have tendered not to respond well to available chemotherapy agents, there is need for urologists, oncologists, and pharmacotherapy research workers to identify new chemotherapy medicaments that would more effectively and safely destroy signet-ring cell tumours in order to improve upon the prognosis.
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Read, Peter L., and Sebastien Lebonnois. "Superrotation on Venus, on Titan, and Elsewhere." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 175–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010137.
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The superrotation of the atmospheres of Venus and Titan has puzzled dynamicists for many years and seems to put these planets in a very different dynamical regime from most other planets. In this review, we consider how to define superrotation objectively and explore the constraints that determine its occurrence. Atmospheric superrotation also occurs elsewhere in the Solar System and beyond, and we compare Venus and Titan with Earth and other planets for which wind estimates are available. The extreme superrotation on Venus and Titan poses some difficult challenges for numerical models of atmospheric circulation, much more difficult than for more rapidly rotating planets such as Earth or Mars. We consider mechanisms for generating and maintaining a superrotating state, all of which involve a global meridional overturning circulation. The role of nonaxisymmetric eddies is crucial, however, but the detailed mechanisms may differ between Venus, Titan, and other planets.
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WALTON, JOHN K., and DAVID TIDSWELL. "‘Classified at random by veritable illiterates’: the taking of the Spanish census of 1920 in Guipúzcoa province." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005503.
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This article offers an approach through administrative and cultural history to the problems associated with gathering and processing data for the Spanish national census of 1920, and by implication for earlier Spanish censuses. It focuses on the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, making use of correspondence between the central statistical office in Madrid, the provincial jefe de estadística and the localities, and of reports on three problematic towns within the province. The issues that emerge regarding ‘undercounting’, the definition of administrative boundaries and the classification of demographic characteristics are set in the wider context of census-taking practices and problems elsewhere in Spain and in other cultures.
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Breemen, Otto van, and Michael D. Higgins. "U–Pb zircon age of the southwest lobe of the Havre-Saint-Pierre Anorthosite Complex, Grenville Province, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-125.
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U–Pb zircon dating of the southwest lobe of the Havre-Saint-Pierre anorthosite intrusion indicates that it is 1062 ± 4 Ma old. Parallelism of magmatic and solid-state foliations with the adjacent Abbé–Huard lineament suggest that anorthosite parental magmas rose up this shear zone, which was active at that time. The age of igneous crystallization is much younger than that of a spatially associated mangerite intrusion, but accords with age data from other granitoid intrusions elsewhere in the Grenville Province. Evidence points to a widespread 1.09–1.05 Ga magmatic event that included massif anorthosite intrusions. This magmatic event coincided with late stage convergent tectonics in the southwestern Grenville Province.
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McCann, Bryan. "Parque Madureira: Exceptional or Merely Good in Comparison?" Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 455–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v4i2.21468.
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Nearly all the major urban planning initiatives associated with the ongoing transformation of Rio de Janeiro, such as the renovation of the port district, the creation of the Olympic village, and the opening of cross-municipal bus-rapid-transit lines, have been greeted by protests and criticism from architects and urban planners. One project, the Parque Madureira, a new green corridor in the city’s North Zone, has received great acclaim by Brazilian and international urbanists. Local residents seem to like it, too. Representatives of social movements, in contrast, point out that the Parque Madureira involved the same kind of favela removal criticized elsewhere. Is the Parque Madureira truly exceptional or does it merely look good in comparison to shortcomings elsewhere? What are its implications in the larger transformation of the city? This paper seeks to answer those questions by comparing the Parque Madureira both to other current urban interventions and to older parks, such as the Quinta da Boa Vista and the Aterro do Flamengo.
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McGowan, Chris. "The taxonomic status of Leptopterygius Huene, 1922 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-033.
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Leptopterygius Huene, 1922, was erected for Leptopterygius tenuirostris, a fairly common long-snouted ichthyosaur from the English lower Liassic. Huene also referred eight other species to Leptopterygius, but these had little in common with L. tenuirostris, or with each another. These eight species have since been rejected, synonymized, or referred to other genera. Other species have also been referred to the genus since 1922, Leptopterygius having become something of a catchall for species not readily referred elsewhere. This unsatisfactory taxonomic situation is exacerbated by the recognition that the name Leptopterygius is preoccupied. A replacement name, Leptonectes, is proposed to replace Leptopterygius. Two species are referred to the new genus, L. tenuirostris (Conybeare, 1822), the type species, and Leptopterygius solei McGowan, 1993. The diagnostic features of the genus include the slenderness of the rostrum and mandible, and the wide distal expansion of the humeus, with its preaxial facet. The genus ranges from the uppermost Triassic to the Lower Jurassic.
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Conesa, Francesc C., Hector A. Orengo, Agustín Lobo, and Cameron A. Petrie. "An Algorithm to Detect Endangered Cultural Heritage by Agricultural Expansion in Drylands at a Global Scale." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010053.
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This article presents AgriExp, a remote-based workflow for the rapid mapping and monitoring of archaeological and cultural heritage locations endangered by new agricultural expansion and encroachment. Our approach is powered by the cloud-computing data cataloguing and processing capabilities of Google Earth Engine and it uses all the available scenes from the Sentinel-2 image collection to map index-based multi-aggregate yearly vegetation changes. A user-defined index threshold maps the first per-pixel occurrence of an abrupt vegetation change and returns an updated and classified multi-temporal image aggregate in almost-real-time. The algorithm requires an input vector table such as data gazetteers or heritage inventories, and it performs buffer zonal statistics for each site to return a series of spatial indicators of potential site disturbance. It also returns time series charts for the evaluation and validation of the local to regional vegetation trends and the seasonal phenology. Additionally, we used multi-temporal MODIS, Sentinel-2 and high-resolution Planet imagery for further photo-interpretation of critically endangered sites. AgriExp was first tested in the arid region of the Cholistan Desert in eastern Pakistan. Here, hundreds of archaeological mound surfaces are threatened by the accelerated transformation of barren lands into new irrigated agricultural lands. We have provided the algorithm code with the article to ensure that AgriExp can be exported and implemented with little computational cost by academics and heritage practitioners alike to monitor critically endangered archaeological and cultural landscapes elsewhere.
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Götz, Annette E., P. John Hancox, and Andrew Lloyd. "Permian climate change recorded in palynomorph assemblages of Mozambique (Moatize Basin, eastern Tete Province)." Acta Palaeobotanica 57, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0001.
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Abstract Knowledge of Late Permian biodiversity patterns, following the end-Guadalupian crisis, is still in its infancy, since most recent studies have focused on the end-Permian biotic crisis. The palynological record of southern Africa, however, reveals major climatic changes during the Late Permian. Here we report new palynological data from eastern Tete Province of Mozambique, documenting the change from cool to warm temperate climates during the Lopingian. This prominent climate signal was also detected recently in other depositional environments elsewhere in southern Africa, and thus enables interregional temporal correlations.
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Callaway, Jack M., and Donald B. Brinkman. "Ichthyosaurs (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Lower and Middle Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation, Wapiti Lake area, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-126.
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Ichthyosaurs are found in the Lower and Middle Triassic members of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in the Wapiti Lake area, British Columbia. Three species are recognized: Pessosaurus sp. in the family Shastasauridae from the Middle Triassic, Mixosaurus cf. M. nordenskioeldii in the family Mixosauridae from the Lower and Middle Triassic, and Phalarodon cf. P. fraasi in the family Omphalosauridae from the Middle Triassic. Other ichthyosaur material in the Lower Triassic (Smithian) member is the oldest known from North America and coeval with the oldest known elsewhere but cannot be identified confidently at this time. This material provides new information relative to the paleobiogeography of early ichthyosaurs and additional confirmation that ichthyosaurs were already highly specialized and quite diverse by the Early Triassic.
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Church, Philip. "Separation from the (Evil) World: 2 Timothy 2.19-21 and the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church." Bible Translator 73, no. 2 (August 2022): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770221097930.
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Separation from the (evil) world based on 2 Tim 2.19-21 is a defining characteristic of exclusive brethrenism, both in its most extreme form, the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church, and in other exclusive brethren groups. I examine this text in its context and then critically assess John Nelson Darby’s reading of it, working from his translation and his comments elsewhere in his writings. Darby misread the text as separation from “evil people” rather than avoidance of wrongdoing, with disastrous consequences. I conclude with some reflections on how his reading of v. 19 arose and on the dangers associated with translation work undertaken by influential individuals working in isolation from other scholars.
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Meadows, John, Nicoletta Martinelli, Olivia Pignatelli, Rossella Cester, Luigi Fozzati, and Bernd Kromer. "Keeping the Sea Out: Early Medieval Structures at ca' Foscari University, Venice, Italy." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047251.
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In 2004, the courtyard of Ca' Foscari University, Venice, was excavated in advance of building work, revealing an unbroken sequence of archaeological deposits. The earliest layers consisted of redeposited natural sediment, packed into wattle structures, a system of land reclamation first described by Cassiodorus in AD 537–8, and now known from several other sites in the city. The ground level was built up and extended several times with successive wattle structures, before the eventual construction of a stone waterfront. We have used Bayesian modeling of dendrochronological, radiocarbon, and stratigraphic dating evidence to obtain a precise chronology for the earliest phases of occupation, and to compare it to the chronology of land reclamation at similar sites elsewhere in Venice.
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Bell, J. S., and P. Wu. "High horizontal stresses in Hudson Bay, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-079.
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Breakouts in four wells in Hudson Bay suggest that the Paleozoic section is currently subject to maximum horizontal compression about a northeast–southwest axis, with some local deflection in horizontal stress orientations related to faults. The Paleozoic section does not appear to be detached from the crystalline basement of the Canadian Shield, despite the presence of thick Silurian halite-rich intervals. The northeast–southwest compressional axis documented in the Hudson Bay Basin is compatible with stress orientations mat have been measured in other parts of cratonic North America. Leak-off tests from three wells imply that contemporary horizontal stress magnitudes above 1500 m depth exceed present-day overburden loads; comparable relative magnitudes have been measured elsewhere in central Canada. Finite-element modelling suggests mat this phenomenon is due to the effects of glacial loading, crustal rebound, and spreading of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Fox, Richard C., Brian D. Rankin, Craig S. Scott, and Arthur R. Sweet. "Second known occurrence of the early Paleocene plesiadapiform Pandemonium (Mammalia: Primates), with description of a new species." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 12 (December 2014): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0113.
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Pandemonium hibernalis sp. nov., from a middle? Puercan (earliest Paleocene) locality in the upper Scollard Formation, Wintering Hills, southern Alberta, represents the second discovered occurrence of the enigmatic plesiadapiform primate Pandemonium Van Valen and the first from Canada. The holotype of Pandemonium hibernalis is the only known specimen of Pandemonium documented by multiple teeth from a single individual. Pandemonium hibernalis closely resembles the type species Pandemonium dis from Purgatory Hill, middle–late Puercan, Tullock Formation, Montana, but differs in having wider, more bunodont lower molar crowns and a more expanded posterior talonid lobe of m3, specializations suggesting enhanced capacity for crushing and grinding of soft food materials during mastication. Pandemonium hibernalis joins other recent discoveries in Alberta and elsewhere in the North American Western Interior in documenting a moderate radiation of basal plesiadapiforms that evolved unexpectedly early during primate evolution.
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Anderson, Anja C., and Axel Brandenburg. "Editorial." International Journal of Astrobiology 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550405002508.
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Astrobiology harbours a number of rather diverse disciplines combining expertise in astronomy and astrophysics, biophysics and biology, chemistry and biochemistry, geophysics and geology, as well as mathematics. The need to foster advances in astrobiology are two-fold. On the one hand, there are many scientific reasons: the discoveries of extra-solar planets which contribute to our understanding of the Solar System and the formation of Earth-like planets, the realization that life can thrive under rather extreme conditions making it more probable for life to exist elsewhere in the Solar System and beyond, and the fact that major resources are being spent in developing the technology to produce artificial life, which helps us to appreciate the range of possibilities that nature may have utilized on Earth or elsewhere. On the other hand, astrobiology touches upon some fundamental questions regarding our very existence, and it is perhaps this that attracts the broad interest of scientists and the public alike. As a result, astrobiology networks and astrobiology centres have been emerging all over the world.
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Williams, Jack N., Luke N. J. Wedmore, Åke Fagereng, Maximilian J. Werner, Hassan Mdala, Donna J. Shillington, Christopher A. Scholz, et al. "Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi's active faults: the Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 3607–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3607-2022.
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Abstract. Active fault data are commonly used in seismic hazard assessments, but there are challenges in deriving the slip rate, geometry, and frequency of earthquakes along active faults. Herein, we present the open-access geospatial Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5599616), which describes the seismogenic properties of faults that formed during ongoing east African rifting in Malawi. We first use empirically derived constraints to geometrically classify active faults into section, fault, and multifault seismogenic sources. For sources in the North Basin of Lake Malawi, slip rates can be derived from the vertical offset of a seismic reflector that dated lake cores indicate is 75 ka. Elsewhere, slip rates are constrained from advancing a systems-based approach that partitions geodetically derived rift extension rates in Malawi between seismogenic sources using a priori constraints on a regional strain distribution and a hanging wall flexural extension in magma-poor continental rifts. Slip rates are then combined with source geometry and empirical scaling relationships to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals, and their uncertainty is described from the variability in logic tree outcomes used in these calculations. Sources in the MSSM are 5–269 km long, which implies that large-magnitude (Mw 7–8) earthquakes may occur in Malawi. However, low slip rates (0.05–2 mm yr−1) mean that the frequency of such events will be low (recurrence intervals of ∼103–104 years). We also find that, for 9 out of 11 faults in Lake Malawi's North Basin, differences in the slip rates, when estimated independently from the geodetic data and the offset seismic reflector, are not statistically significant. The MSSM represents an important resource for investigating Malawi's increasing seismic risk and provides a framework for incorporating active fault data into seismic hazard assessment elsewhere in the East African Rift and other tectonically active regions.
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Oviatt, Charles G., David B. Madsen, and Dave N. Schmitt. "Late Pleistocene and early Holocene rivers and wetlands in the Bonneville basin of western North America." Quaternary Research 60, no. 2 (September 2003): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00084-x.
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AbstractField investigations at Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah have produced new data on the chronology and human occupation of late Pleistocene and early Holocene lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the Lake Bonneville basin. We have classified paleo-river channels of these ages as “gravel channels” and “sand channels.” Gravel channels are straight to curved, digitate, and have abrupt bulbous ends. They are composed of fine gravel and coarse sand, and are topographically inverted (i.e., they stand higher than the surrounding mudflats). Sand channels are younger and sand filled, with well-developed meander-scroll morphology that is truncated by deflated mudflat surfaces. Gravel channels were formed by a river that originated as overflow from the Sevier basin along the Old River Bed during the late regressive phases of Lake Bonneville (after 12,500 and prior to 11,000 14C yr B.P.). Dated samples from sand channels and associated fluvial overbank and wetland deposits range in age from 11,000 to 8800 14C yr B.P., and are probably related to continued Sevier-basin overflow and to groundwater discharge. Paleoarchaic foragers occupied numerous sites on gravel-channel landforms and adjacent to sand channels in the extensive early Holocene wetland habitats. Reworking of tools and limited toolstone diversity is consistent with theoretical models suggesting Paleoarchaic foragers in the Old River Bed delta were less mobile than elsewhere in the Great Basin.
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Šašel Kos, Marjeta. "The Sisciani in the Roman Empire." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 16 (December 15, 2017): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2017.16.10.
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The article comments on residents of Siscia attested outside the city and its territory. It is based both on corpus of the Roman inscriptions from Siscia and inscriptions found elsewhere in the Roman Empire in which the Sisciani are documented. A few individuals, known from other provincial towns, were employed in municipal and provincial administration, while soldiers of various ranks predominate, legionaries as well as auxiliaries. Among them, soldiers serving in the Praetorian Guard are the best attested.
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Bhatia, Mrigesh, Venkata R. P. Putcha, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi, and D. P. Singh. "Serious Adverse Events and Fatal Outcomes Following COVID-19 Vaccination in the UK: Lessons for Other Countries." International Journal of Community and Social Development 3, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166026211053485.
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Vaccines have taken the centre stage in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic, and in reducing hospitalisation and associated mortality. Countries around the world are heavily dependent on the successful rollout of their vaccination programmes to open up the societies and re-start their economies. However, the success of any vaccine programme, to a large extent, depends upon the efficacy and safety of the vaccines. Given that UK has been way ahead in vaccinating its population, is considered a successful model compared to other countries in Europe and elsewhere and has a yellow card reporting system for adverse events, we use UK as an example to understand the side effects and fatal outcomes following vaccinations. Our results show that AstraZeneca seems to be underperforming in terms of overall reporting of minor adverse events, serious incidents and fatal outcomes following vaccination. The risk of serious anaphylactic reaction and fatal outcome was 1.36 and 1.17 times more in case of AstraZeneca vaccine when compared with Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. The analysis has implications for vaccine policies and programmes both at nation-state and global levels.
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Ferretti, Annalisa, Maria Giovanna Corriga, Ladislav Slavík, and Carlo Corradini. "Running across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary along Northern Gondwana: A Conodont Perspective." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010043.
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The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Silurian/Devonian boundary, Lower Devonian Series and Lochkovian Stage was formally placed in 1977 at Klonk, in the Czech Republic, at the first appearance of the graptolite Uncinatograptus uniformis uniformis (Přibyl). However, since then, correlation of this limit has been often hampered in carbonate facies where graptolites are uncommon or totally absent. A large calcareous deposition occurred at the Silurian/Devonian boundary along the northern and peri-Gondwana margin, thus representing an ideal location to select and test a possible additional biostratigraphic marker of the limit among conodonts. The first appearance of Caudicriodus hesperius almost simultaneously at the base of the Devonian in Bohemia, the Carnic Alps, Sardinia, Morocco and elsewhere indicates that this taxon is the conodont that best approximates the beginning of the Period. The first or last appearance of other species (e.g., Ozarkodina confluens, Zieglerodina klonkensis, Z. remscheidensis and Caudicriodus woschmidti) may help to recognise the boundary as well.
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Senowbari-Daryan, Baba, Hossein Torabi, and Koorosh Rashidi. "New solenoporaceans from Upper Triassic (?Norian-Rhaetian) reef limestones in central Iran." Geologia Croatica 61, no. 2-3 (December 25, 2008): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2008.14.
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Two reef-building red algae of the family Solenoporaceae – Solenopora rectangulata n. sp. and Parachaetetes dizluensis n. sp. – are described from a ?Norian-Rhaetian section of the Nayband Formation exposed south of the town of Bagherabad, northeast of Esfahan, central Iran. These algae build reef structures or patches up to 17 m thick, either on their own or in association with other reef-building organisms including sponges, corals, etc. Such solenoporacean reef structures have not been described before, either from Iran or elsewhere in the world. Morphologically, both algae are easily distinguished by the different sizes of their thalli and particularly by their branching pattern.
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Wainwright, Milton, Amar Laswd, and Fawaz Alshammari. "Bacteria in amber coal and clay in relation to lithopanspermia." International Journal of Astrobiology 8, no. 2 (April 2009): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550409990048.
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AbstractA study was undertaken to determine if amber, coal and clay samples contain bacteria, in relation to the possibility that rocks ejected from Earth might contain microorganisms capable of colonizing other planets. A technique for isolating bacteria from rocks was developed which excluded the possibility that any of the rock isolates resulted from contamination. Two species ofBacilluswere found in the amber sample, and a species of the same genus was found in coal; bacilli were also commonly found in clay. It is concluded that species of the spore-forming genusBacilluscould therefore be ejected from Earth in these geological substrates and possibly be transferred elsewhere.
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Lee, Daphne E., and Neda Motchurova-Dekova. "Chathamirhynchia kahuitara, a new genus and species of Late Cretaceous rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: shell structure, palaeoecology and biogeography." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98, no. 3-4 (September 2007): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691007078425.
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ABSTRACTA new rhynchonellide brachiopod has been collected from the Kahuitara Tuff (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Brachiopods are extremely rare in Cretaceous rocks from New Zealand, and this new genus and species is unlike any other rhynchonellide known from Australasia or elsewhere. Chathamirhynchia kahuitara is distinguished by its small size, strong ribbing, and well-developed sulciplicate folding, and internally by a large, robust cardinal process and raduliform crura. The shell structure of C. kahuitara is shown to be of typical fine fibrous ‘rhynchonellidine’ type. This brachiopod was probably strongly attached to volcanic rock or shells in a shallow-water, high-energy environment. Implications for the biogeography of brachiopods during the Late Cretaceous are briefly discussed.
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Berti, M., A. Corsini, S. Franceschini, and J. P. Iannacone. "Automated classification of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry time series." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2013): 1945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1945-2013.
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Abstract. We present a new method for the automatic classification of Persistent Scatters Interferometry (PSI) time series based on a conditional sequence of statistical tests. Time series are classified into distinctive predefined target trends, such as uncorrelated, linear, quadratic, bilinear and discontinuous, that describe different styles of ground deformation. Our automatic analysis overcomes limits related to the visual classification of PSI time series, which cannot be carried out systematically for large datasets. The method has been tested with reference to landslides using PSI datasets covering the northern Apennines of Italy. The clear distinction between the relative frequency of uncorrelated, linear and non-linear time series with respect to mean velocity distribution suggests that different target trends are related to different physical processes that are likely to control slope movements. The spatial distribution of classified time series is also consistent with respect the known distribution of flat areas, slopes and landslides in the tests area. Classified time series enhances the radar interpretation of slope movements at the site scale, pointing out significant advantages in comparison with the conventional analysis based solely on the mean velocity. The test application also warns against potentially misleading classification outputs in case of datasets affected by systematic errors. Although the method was developed and tested to investigate landslides, it should be also useful for the analysis of other ground deformation processes such as subsidence, swelling/shrinkage of soils, or uplifts due to deep injections in reservoirs.
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Ruhlmann, Francois, Michel Raynal, and Serge Lavoie. "Un exemple de métasomatisme alcalin albite–uranium dans le bassin des Monts Otish, Québec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 1742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-160.
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Metallographic studies of uraniferous occurrences in the Otish basin (Quebec) have shown that these mineralizations are characterized by the association albite–uranium (successively, brannerite–uraninite). This paragenesis corresponds to a sodium metasomatic event related to Hudsonian (1730 ± 30 Ma) gabbroic sills and dykes that intrude both Archean granitic basement and the overlying Aphebian detritic cover. The mineralization (1723 ± 3 Ma) is interpreted as a late Hudsonian event and is in many ways comparable to other occurrences in the Precambrian shields of Brazil, Scandinavia, and the Ukraine. A comparison of these different occurrences with the Otish mineralization has resulted in the recognition of several characteristics common to late-orogenic metallogenic events from mid-Proterozoic time in Canada and elsewhere up to late Hercynien in Europe. To explain specific assemblages of tellurides, selenides, and sulphides within a dolomitic gangue, one suggests that deep basinal Na-rich brines were mobilized to form mineralizing fluids during a regional tectono-magmatic event. The pitchblende–calcite association in the Otish basin corresponds to the latest mineralized event (306 Ma) caused by a remobilization of the primary Na–U metallogeny.
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Chen, Xi, Guoliang Ma, Chaonan Fan, and Shaocheng Ge. "Research Progress of Coal Damage under Unsteady Load in China." Geofluids 2021 (October 12, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5610391.
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Coalbed methane mining, suppression of coal dust, and elimination of dynamic disasters are closely related to the expansion of coal body cracks and internal damage. Understanding the expansion mechanism of pore-cracks is critical to investigate coal body damage. In this study, research from 2016 to 2021 conducted on the coal damage mechanism in China was sorted and the progress in this field was analysed to systematically investigate coal body damage. Critical topics of research in this field in recent years were identified, and load types were classified into static and dynamic loads. Dynamic loads with obvious characteristics and considerable damage-increasing effects were classified into impacting, cyclic, pulsating, and other dynamic load types. The current load-generating devices, various detection techniques and methods, research results, and the future research directions under various load types were discussed. The current coal damage research is primarily based on macrocharacteristic analysis and the stage characteristics of characterisation variables. The use of scanning electron microscopy, computerised tomography three-dimensional reconstruction technology, and acoustic emission technology can reveal the pore propagation mechanism at the micro level.
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Budiwati, Hesti. "Manajemen Kualitas Aset Produktif Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Laba Bank Pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Indonesia." RELASI : JURNAL EKONOMI 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v17i1.411.
Full textAbstract:
Managing the bank risk well are very needed so that the bank can operate smoothly. One of the important bank risk to managed well is bank asset quality risk. The banks are required to be careful and wiser in manage these asset quality risk. The object of this study is to obtain evidence of the effect of productive asset quality management on bank profit. The empirical studies conducted on rural banks in Indonesia. As the independent variable is productive asset quality consist of classified productive asset, productive asset quality and non-performing loan, while as the dependent variable is bank profit measured by return on asset. Return on asset of 89,6% explained by classified productive asset, productive asset quality and non-performing loan. While the rest return on asset of 10,4% effect by other variables that not examined in this study.
Keywords: Classified Productive Asset, Productive Asset Quality, Non-performing Loan, Return on Asset.
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Bouma, J., P. Droogers, M. P. W. Sonneveld, C. J. Ritsema, J. E. Hunink, W. W. Immerzeel, and S. Kauffman. "Hydropedological insights when considering catchment classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 2145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-2145-2011.
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Abstract. Soil classification systems are analysed in relation to the functioning and characterisation of catchments. Soil classifications are useful to create systematic order in the overwhelming quantity of different soils in the world and to extrapolate data available for a given soil type to soils elsewhere with identical classifications. However, such classifications are based on permanent characteristics as formed by the soil forming factors over often very long periods of time and this does not necessarily match with characteristics and parameters needed for functional soil characterization focusing, for example, on catchment hydrology. Hydropedology has made contributions towards functional characterization of soils as is illustrated for recent hydrological catchment studies. However, much still needs to be learned about the physical behaviour of anisotropic, heterogeneous field soils with varying soil structures during the year and the suggestion is made to first focus on improving simulation of catchment hydrology, incorporating hydropedological expertise, before embarking on a classification effort which involves major input of time and involves the risk of distraction. In doing so, we advise to also define other characteristics for catchment performance than the traditionally measured discharge rates.
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Miller, C. Giles, Mark Williams, and David J. Siveter. "Palaeocope ostracods from the Silurian Wenlock Series of Arctic Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 6 (June 2010): 913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-010.
Full textAbstract:
Silurian Wenlock Series deposits of the Cape Phillips Formation on Baillie-Hamilton Island and Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada, have yielded a silicified ostracod assemblage that spans the late Sheinwoodian and Homerian stages. Sixteen palaeocope ostracod species are recorded, including the new species Beyrichia ( Beyrichia ) marssae , Gabrielsella ? copelandi , and Platybolbina ( Abruptobolbina ) adraini . The ostracod faunas can be linked into local trilobite, microvertebrate, and graptolite zonal schemes, and a few of the ostracod species offer potential for local and perhaps wider biostratigraphical correlation. The ostracods are mostly known only from the Cape Phillips Formation, but also include two taxa found in the Wenlock Series of the Avalanche Lake area, Northwest Territories, Canada. Other ostracod species suggest links with Silurian successions in northern Canada and the Baltic. Low-diversity ostracod faunas characterize the level of a marked positive carbon isotope excursion and coeval mid-Homerian regression at the level of the regional Pristiograptus dubius – Gothograptus nassa graptolite Biozone. Comparison with the pattern of distribution of coeval ostracod faunas elsewhere in Canada suggests that diversity changes in the Cape Phillips Formation ostracod faunas are controlled by local palaeoenvironmental factors perhaps linked to global sea-level change.
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Westrop, Stephen R. "The Late Cambrian (Furongian) trilobite Tangshanaspis Zhou and Zhang, 1978, in North America." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 8 (August 2013): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0189.
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Tangshanaspis Zhou and Zhang, 1978 (Family Missisquoiidae), has been reported widely from western North America and has been assigned invariably to a single species, T. depressa (Stitt, 1971b). The base of the T. depressa Subzone as defined in Oklahoma is an important biostratigraphic datum for inter-regional correlation of uppermost Cambrian strata. Study of previously undescribed material in collections from Oklahoma shows that T. depressa is, in fact, a composite of cranidia and pygidia that belong to two stratigraphically segregated species in the Signal Mountain Formation. Tangshanaspis silveri n. sp. includes the pygidial morph originally attributed to T. depressa. Revision of the species from Oklahoma allows definition of a new biostratigraphic unit, the Tangshanaspis Zone, which is divided into a lower T. silveri Fauna and an overlying T. depressa Fauna; in addition to the eponymous species, the T. depressa Fauna includes pygidia that represent two additional species of Tangshanaspis that are placed in open nomenclature. Correlation with other areas suggests that the “Missisquoia” mackenziensis Fauna of northern Canada may be equivalent to the T. silveri Fauna of Oklahoma, rather than a pre-Tangshanaspis interval that is unrepresented elsewhere in Laurentian North America.
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Vinyu, M. L., H. A. Jelsma, and R. Frei. "Timing between granitoid emplacement and associated gold mineralization: examples from the ca. 2.7 Ga Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, northern Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-074.
Full textAbstract:
Structurally controlled Late Archaean gold mineralizations associated with felsic plutons in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, are synchronous with the emplacement of their hosts. The ages of these mineralizations are identical to those reported from other mesothermal gold deposits elsewhere in the Zimbabwe Craton. The Pb and Nd isotopic signatures of the host plutons are compatible with a direct mantle or a short crustal residence period for the protoliths to the host intrusions. The coincidence of the Pb-isotope data from ore minerals with the whole-rock trends (errorchrons) of their host intrusives strongly suggests that the gold could have a magmatic, rather than a metamorphic, source. There is no evidence from the Pb isotopes of significant involvement of older basement in the genesis of gold deposits associated with felsic intrusions in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt. On a craton-wide scale, the time frame around 2.65 Ga represents a period of significant crustal growth (through addition of mantle-derived magma), deformation, and metamorphism. The temporal and spatial coincidence of these three parameters has created favorable conditions for the emplacement of the largest class of Archaean gold mineralizations that are currently known in the country.
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Kozlu, Hüseyin, Yakut Göncüoglu, Graciela Sarmiento, and Mehmet Cemal Göncüoğlu. "First finding of Late Silurian conodonts from the "Orthoceras Limestones", Camdag Area (NW Turkey): prelilninary constraints for the palaeogeography." Geologica Balcanica 32, no. 1 (March 30, 2002): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.32.1.3.
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The Paleozoic succession of the Camdag area is located between the Paleozoic rocks of the Istanbul and Zonguldak terranes in NW Turkey and has a key location for the paleogeographic position of these terranes. The Silurian deposits in this area includes from bottom to top: the Black Shale Member (gray to greenish gray, well cleaved shales with minor black siltstone and limy shale interlayers), the Shale-Limestone Member (black shales with limestone and dolomitic limestone interlayers), and the Shale-Si Itstone Member (alternation of black shales, light gray quartz-rich siltstones with few limestone lenses) that is concordantly followed by Lower Devonian deposits. The "Orthoceras Limestones" of the midc\le member yielded a poorly preserved conodont fauna indicating a Pridoli age. By this, the Paleozoic of the Camdag is considered to be the eastern continuation of the Istanbul Terrane. Moreover, this new finding of Late Silurian black shale - "Orthoceras Limestone" assemblage in NW Turkey, which is a wide spread paleogeographic marker in the Camic Alps and elsewhere in Europe may help to correlations with coeval and analogous facies of other paleobiogeographic areas in the peri-Gondwanan realm.
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Morehouse, Thomas A. "The meaning of political development in the north." Polar Record 23, no. 145 (January 1987): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400007518.
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ABSTRACTPolitical development in the north (and elsewhere) often occurs in a context of confrontation and conflict between values of community and stability on one hand and economic growth and change on the other. Indigenous peoples of the north may not be able to resist strong tides of social and economic change—‘development’ toward forms of the dominant social, economic and political institutions—but they can substantially affect the terms of their integration into dominant societies. Alaska Natives seek both autonomy through tribal governments and access to the benefits of dominant institutions. Their ability to achieve and reconcile these purposes is a basic measure of their political development.
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Atkinson, Nigel. "A statistical technique for determining the source area of glacially transported granite erratics in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-067.
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This paper develops a technique that utilizes spatial and compositional trends in granite erratics distributed across the eastern and northwestern Queen Elizabeth Islands to discriminate between glacial dispersal trains originating from the Precambrian Shield of Ellesmere Island and the Canadian mainland. The distribution of glacially transported granite erratics in the eastern and northwestern Queen Elizabeth Islands defines a coherent pattern of regional dispersal from the Precambrian Shield of eastern Ellesmere Island. Principal components and cluster analyses demonstrate that most erratics within this dispersal train cluster within the same compositional group. Other members of this group represent outcrops on eastern Ellesmere Island, which define the locations of possible source areas. However, other compositional groups, which are unique to outcrops on the mainland, are absent from this dispersal train. Collectively, these spatial and compositional trends suggest that granite erratics on southwest Ellesmere, Amund Ringnes, and Meighen islands occur within a single dispersal train that resulted from the westward expansion of the Innuitian Ice Sheet from the Precambrian Shield of eastern Ellesmere Island. This technique may determine what differences, if any, exist among the composition of granite erratics deposited by the westward expansion of the Innuitian Ice Sheet across the Queen Elizabeth Islands and those deposited by the northward expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Any such differences may be useful in determining whether granite erratics of presently unknown provenance elsewhere in the Queen Elizabeth Islands are of Laurentide or Innuitian origin.
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Hasan Zaid, Hussein Ahmed, T. A. Jamaluddin, and Mohd Hariri Arifin. "Overview Of Slope Stability, Earthquakes, Flash Floods And Expansive Soil Hazards In The Republic Of Yemen." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 71 (May 31, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm71202106.
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Yemen has harsh natural conditions that increase certain geological processes more than other regions, leading to a variety of geological hazards. Yemen’s typical topography is distinguished by coastal plains of the Red Sea and cliff foothillls, followed by mountains of the Arabian Shield. These types of geological hazards can be classified into slope stability, earthquakes, flash floods and expansive soils. The current literature review presents a description backed with examples of the certain geological hazards in Yemen. The obtained results indicate that further consideration and thought are highly required for semi-arid regions. National and foreign organizations have to collaborate together with other individuals to maintain the adjusted environmental system and reduce the potential geological hazards. Therefore, mitigation measures should be implemented to avoid and minimize these geological hazards.
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Pålsson, Christian, Kristina Månsson, and Stig M. Bergström. "Biostratigraphical and palaeoecological significance of graptolites, trilobites and conodonts in the Middle-Upper Ordovician Andersö Shale: an unusual ‘mixed facies’ deposit in Jämtland, central Sweden." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 93, no. 1 (March 2002): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000316.
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ABSTRACTAlthough only about 20m thick, the Andersö Shale contains one of the most diverse, if not the most diverse, late Middle-early Late Ordovician faunas known in Baltoscandia. It includes more than 20 trilobite species, more than 20 species of other shelly fossils, about 10 graptolite species, and about 20 conodont species. Based on its lithology, its geographical position near the foreland basin margin, and the presence of trilobites of the raphiophorid association and conodonts of the Periodon-Pygodus biofacies, this formation is interpreted to represent an outer shelf-upper slope (ramp) deposit laid down in moderately deep water. The co-occurrence of some widespread and biostratigraphically diagnostic conodonts, graptolites and trilobites makes it possible directly to compare distribution patterns of these fossils, establish ties between graptolite and conodont zones, and correlate the formation with units elsewhere in Europe, North America and China. Stratigraphically and faunally, the Andersö Shale is of particular interest in straddling the Middle-Upper Ordovician Series boundary as this boundary is recognised in the new global classification of the Ordovician System.
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BOTTING, Joseph P., Yves CANDELA, Vicen CARRIÓ, and William R. B. CRIGHTON. "A new hexactinellid sponge from the Silurian of the Pentland Hills (Scotland) with similarities to extant rossellids." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 111, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691019000045.
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ABSTRACTThe Pentland Hills sponge fauna (Llandovery, Telychian) consists of an unusual, aberrant assemblage, but of low diversity. A new specimen of a unique sponge, Eoghanospongia carlinslowpensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the classic locality of R82. The mushroom-shaped, probably stalked body (peduncle attachment to body not exposed) resembles that of some living rossellids, especially Caulophacus. The sponge also shows prominent projecting pentactins and monaxon derivatives – a spicule type diagnostic of the Rossellidae among living taxa, albeit in a robust form not described from extant sponges, including Caulophacus or other pedunculate lyssacinosidans. Certain attribution to the Rossellidae is not possible from the single specimen, largely because of weak preservation of the primary spicule skeleton, but no other fossil or modern sponges show any significant similarity to it. Although similarly early relatives of the Rossellidae have recently been described from elsewhere, the new sponge is even more unexpected in being from a shallow-water environment, making the absence of rossellids through the rest of the Palaeozoic much more problematic.
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Finn, Gregory C. "Major-, trace-, and rare-earth-element geochemistry of the Archaean Maggo gneisses, southern Nain Province, Labrador." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-005.
Full textAbstract:
The early middle Archaean Maggo gneisses of the southern Nain Province, Labrador, form the southwest portion of the once contiguous North Atlantic (Nutak) Craton (NAC). The gneisses and their late middle Archaean metamorphosed and migmatized equivalents are typical of grey gneiss terranes exposed worldwide. Geochemically the gneisses exhibit a continuous range of composition from 53.7 to 78.4 wt.% SiO2 and straddle the boundary between low- and high-Al trondhjemites. Major-element distributions are comparable to those of other Archaean-aged NAC gneisses (Amîtsoq, Uivak, and Nûk gneisses), however, the Na2O and K2O contents are scattered. The gneisses are depleted in K, Rb, and Ba, are enriched in Sr, and have high-field-strength-element distributions similar to those for NAC gneisses.Rare-earth-element (REE) patterns of Maggo gneisses can be subdivided, on the basis of the nature of the Eu anomaly, into two groups of samples: (i) with negative Eu anomalies and higher Σ REE contents and (ii) with positive to normal Eu anomalies and lower Σ REE contents. The subdivision reflects differentiation processes in the parent magma of the Maggo gneisses. REE patterns are similar to those reported for NAC grey gneiss complexes. On the basis of the (La/Yb)N and (Yb)N values, the Maggo gneisses parent magma is interpreted as being derived by partial-melting processes from preexisting, high-grade (granulite to amphibolite facies) sialic continental crust equivalent to the early Archaean lithologies preserved elsewhere in the NAC.
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Newbrey, Michael G., Alison M. Murray, Donald B. Brinkman, Mark V. H. Wilson, and Andrew G. Neuman. "A new articulated freshwater fish (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Maastrichtian, of Alberta, CanadaThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Albertosaurus." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 9 (September 2010): 1183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-041.
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Horseshoeichthys armaserratus , gen. et sp. nov., (Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyiformes: Sorbinichthyidae) is described from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Maastrichtian), Albertosaurus bonebed locality, Alberta, Canada. Horseshoeichthys armaserratus is classified as an ellimmichthyiform based on the following characters: the presence of a sixth infraorbital with a sensory canal that leads to the fifth infraorbital, absence of a supraorbital bone, subrectangular predorsal scutes, parietals in contact with each other at the midline, and two supramaxillae. The specimen is classified in the Sorbinichthyidae Family as it has abdominal ribs articulating in pits on the centra, posterior spines on predorsal scutes, and absence of a median spine on predorsal scutes. A new genus and species is proposed based on the presence of (anteriorly) Y-shaped mesethmoid, supraorbital, subrectangular predorsal scutes with coarse, rounded serrae on the posterior margin and a large anterior projection, scales with serrae on the circuli, and two postcleithra. This specimen represents the first freshwater ellimmichthyiform from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and the highest paleolatitude (59°N) occurrence known for the family. Furthermore, the dentary and centra have distinctive morphologies that are matched by specimens in microvertebrate localities from three underlying formations, including the Milk River Formation (Santonian), which indicates at least a 14 million year history for this lineage.
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Ferri, Filippo. "Source rock potential of Lower to Middle Jurassic black clastic sequences of the Intermontane belt1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 6 (June 2011): 897–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-036.
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Lower to Middle Jurassic clastic sequences are widespread within the interior of the Canadian Cordillera. These successions cap waning Jurassic volcanism in many Cordilleran arc terranes and are succeeded by clastic sequences of the Intermontane basins. Fine-grained, carbonaceous lithologies, which locally contain elevated levels of organic carbon, characterize these clastic successions. These include sections of the Spatsizi Formation (Abou Member) and Smithers Formation in northern and western Bowser basin, respectively, Ashcroft Formation and equivalent strata in central Quesnellia, and Last Creek Formation and Junction Creek rocks below the Tyaughton–Methow basin. These rocks locally contain metre-thick sections with total organic carbon (TOC) levels >5 wt.% and others have thicknesses approaching 100 m with TOC between 3 and 5 wt.%. Thermal maturation levels are high in many sections, suggesting original organic contents were greater and that these rocks may have been excellent source beds. Associated bitumen in these successions, together with Mesozoic oil in some overlying Intermontane clastic rocks, also suggests these sequences may have been effective oil source rocks. TOC levels, thermal maturity, and thickness of some sections are comparable with shale gas sequences being exploited elsewhere in North America. TOC concentrations within these rocks, together with other elemental abundances, indicate anoxic conditions during deposition. The age of these clastic rocks brackets the global Toarcian anoxic event and that of other organic-rich sequences in North America. Elemental abundances suggest predominantly volcanic-arc complexes as source terranes, although continental signatures are suggested by rocks in western Quesnellia.
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Polat, G., N. M. Ozel, S. Crampin, S. Ergintav, and O. Tan. "Shear wave splitting as a proxy for stress forecast of the case of the 2006 Manyas-Kus Golu (<i>M</i><sub>b</sub> = 5.3) earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2012): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1073-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The 2006 Mb = 5.3 Manyas-Kus Golu (Manyas) earthquake has been retrospectively "stress-forecasted" using variations in time-delays of seismic shear wave splitting to evaluate the time and magnitude at which stress-modified microcracking reaches fracture criticality within the stressed volume where strain is released. We processed micro earthquakes recorded by 29 TURDEP (Multi-Disciplinary Earthquake Research in High Risk Regions of Turkey) and 33 KOERI (Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute) stations in the Marmara region by using the aspect-ratio cross-correlation and systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy methods. The aim of the analysis is to determine changes in delay-times, hence changes in stress, before and after the 2006 Manyas earthquake. We observed that clear decreases in delay times before the impending event, especially at the station GEMT are consistent with the anisotropic poro-elasticity (APE) model of fluid-rock deformation, but we could not observe similar changes at other stations surrounding the main event. The logarithms of the duration of the stress-accumulation are proportional (self-similar) to the magnitude of the impending event. Although time and magnitude of th 2005 Manyas earthquake could have been stress-forecasted, as has been recognized elsewhere, shear-wave splitting does not appear to provide direct information about the location of impending earthquakes.
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Jiang, X., W. X. Lu, H. Q. Zhao, Q. C. Yang, and Z. P. Yang. "Potential ecological risk assessment and prediction of soil heavy-metal pollution around coal gangue dump." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 27, 2014): 1599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1599-2014.
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Abstract. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential ecological risk and trend of soil heavy-metal pollution around a coal gangue dump in Jilin Province (Northeast China). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn were monitored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The potential ecological risk index method developed by Hakanson (1980) was employed to assess the potential risk of heavy-metal pollution. The potential ecological risk in the order of ER(Cd) > ER(Pb) > ER(Cu) > ER(Cr) > ER(Zn) have been obtained, which showed that Cd was the most important factor leading to risk. Based on the Cd pollution history, the cumulative acceleration and cumulative rate of Cd were estimated, then the fixed number of years exceeding the standard prediction model was established, which was used to predict the pollution trend of Cd under the accelerated accumulation mode and the uniform mode. Pearson correlation analysis and correspondence analysis are employed to identify the sources of heavy metals and the relationship between sampling points and variables. These findings provided some useful insights for making appropriate management strategies to prevent or decrease heavy-metal pollution around a coal gangue dump in the Yangcaogou coal mine and other similar areas elsewhere.
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Grinberg, V. B., and E. A. Enin. "NEW IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF PANCREATIC EPITHELIAL TUMORS (WHO, 2019, 5TH EDITION)." BULLETIN OF SURGERY IN KAZAKHSTAN, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35805/bsk2022ii047.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the classification of pancreatic epithelial tumors in the 5th edition remains unchanged from the previous edition. In the new classification, precancerous lesions are classified according to two levels of dysplasia. Intraductal papillary tumors and intraductal papillary tumors associated with invasive carcinoma are separated from the other subtypes. Some changes have occurred in the TNM classification.
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Lyman, R. Lee. "Late-Quaternary diminution and abundance of prehistoric bison (Bisonsp.) in eastern washington State, USA." Quaternary Research 62, no. 1 (July 2004): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.001.
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Bison (Bisonspp.) occurred in eastern Washington state during the late Quaternary. This area is considered to be peripheral to the center of this taxon's natural range. Bison in the plains east of the Rocky Mountains, the heart of this range, underwent diminution during the late Quaternary, and apparently also did so in other, peripheral areas. A ratio diagram of measurement data derived from eight zooarchaeological collections of bison remains recovered from eastern Washington, in combination with the presence of both sexes and all age classes of individuals, indicate that local bison may have also undergone diminution there. There are, however, a relative paucity of bison remains during the middle Holocene and an apparent 2000-year absence of bison from eastern Washington at this time. As a result, the hypothesis that bison became smaller elsewhere and then immigrated to eastern Washington cannot be falsified. Both the diminution and the fluctuating abundance of bison appear to be responses to forage quality and quantity.
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Rosier, Ine, Jan Diels, Ben Somers, and Jos Van Orshoven. "A Workflow to Extract the Geometry and Type of Vegetated Landscape Elements from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204031.
Full textAbstract:
Rural European landscapes are characterized by a variety of vegetated landscape elements. Although it is often not their main function, they have the potential to affect river discharge and the frequency, extent, depth and duration of floods downstream by creating both hydrological discontinuities and connections across the landscape. Information about the extent to which individual landscape elements and their spatial location affect peak river discharge and flood frequency and severity in agricultural catchments under specific meteorological conditions is limited. This knowledge gap can partly be explained by the lack of exhaustive inventories of the presence, geometry, and hydrological traits of vegetated landscape elements (vLEs), which in turn is due to the lack of appropriate techniques and source data to produce such inventories and keep them up to date. In this paper, a multi-step methodology is proposed to delineate and classify vLEs based on LiDAR point cloud data in three study areas in Flanders, Belgium. We classified the LiDAR point cloud data into the classes ‘vegetated landscape element point’ and ‘other’ using a Random Forest model with an accuracy classification score ranging between 0.92 and 0.97. The landscape element objects were further classified into the classes ‘tree object’ and ‘shrub object’ using a Logistic Regression model with an area-based accuracy ranging between 0.34 and 0.95.
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Tomczak, Maria. "Miejsce kultury w niemieckich debatach wokół integracji imigrantów." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 24, no. 24 (December 27, 2022): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2022.24.4.
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The paper outlines major German experiences that the influx of migrants entailed. Against this background, the author examines the public debate surrounding the issue. The chief notions which inform it include multiculturalism (Multikultur), parallel societies (Parallelgesellschaften ), leading culture (Leitkultur) and welcoming culture (Willkommenskultur). Their very wording is indicative of how important cultural issues are. Indeed, the concern with potential threats to German culture have been a principal theme of the debates. Other aspects, such as the impact on the economy, society, or security tend to be overlooked or treated marginally. This fairly unusual approach to migration problems should be attributed to the characteristics of the German nation, for which culture is a principal mainstay. After all, the Kulturnation was constructed around culture as a unifying element and has become the foremost component in German self-awareness. Conse- quently, the influx of people representing other cultures engenders deeper insecurity and greater fears about the future than elsewhere.
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Kaplan, Gordana, Resul Comert, Onur Kaplan, Dilek Kucuk Matci, and Ugur Avdan. "Using Machine Learning to Extract Building Inventory Information Based on LiDAR Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100517.
Full textAbstract:
The extraction of building inventory information is vital for damage assessment and planning and modelling studies. In the last few years, the conventional data extraction for building inventory was overcome using various remote sensing data and techniques. The main objectives of this study were to supply the necessary data for the structural engineers to calculate the seismic performance of existing structures. Thus, we investigated light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derivatives data to classify buildings and extract building inventory information, such as different heights of the buildings and footprint area. The most important data to achieve this was also investigated and classified using machine learning methods, such as Random Forest, Random Tree, and Optimized Forest, over the object-based segmentation results. All of the machine learning methods successfully classified the buildings with high accuracy, whereas the other methods outperformed RT. The height and footprint area results show that the archived sensitivity of the building inventory information is sufficient for the data to be further used in different applications, such as detailed structural health monitoring. Overall, this study presents a methodology that can accurately extract building information. In light of the results, future studies can be directed for investigations on determining the construction year using remote sensing data, such as multi-temporal satellite imagery.
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Kendrick, Katherine J., and Leslie D. McFadden. "Comparison and Contrast of Processes of Soil Formation in the San Timoteo Badlands with Chronosequences in California." Quaternary Research 46, no. 2 (September 1996): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0055.
Full textAbstract:
The degree of soil development associated with geomorphic surfaces in the San Timoteo Badlands area (STB), California allows correlation of the surfaces. Soil development indices, based on field descriptions and laboratory analysis, provide a basis for comparison of these soils to each other and to dated soil chronosequences at Cajon Pass, Merced, and Anza, California. The soils in this study record a complex tectonic and climatic history, include preserved surfaces intermediate in soil development to those at Cajon Pass, and do not preserve a record of the major late Pleistocene to early Holocene aggradational event observed elsewhere in the region. Pedogenesis is similar to that of regional soils in southern California. With time, the profiles develop progressively thicker argillic horizons, and they increase in redness, clay, and secondary iron oxide content, and amount and thickness of clay films. With increasing soil age the ratio of dithionite-extractable Fe to total Fe increases, while the ratios of Fe2+to Fe3+and of oxalate- to dithionite-extractable Fe decrease. These trends are more subdued in the STB than elsewhere in the region, perhaps because the slightly higher temperature and lower precipitation of the STB may slow the rate of transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite. We use weighted means of soil development indices and rubification index values to compare the soils of this study to those at Cajon Pass, Merced, and Anza. Wide-range age estimates using the maximum limits of these values result in 27,500–305,000 yr for surface Q1, 43,000–570,000 yr for surface Q2, and 300,000–700,000 yr for surfaces Q3 and Q4. Weighing most heavily the nearest dated chronosequences, Anza and Cajon Pass, yields best estimates of age. This method constrains the time of formation of the Q1 surface to between 27,500 and 67,000 yr and the Q2 surface to 43,000–67,000 yr, and does not change the age estimates of the older surfaces.
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Poteate, Aaron S., Scott M. Fitzpatrick, William S. Ayres, and Adam Thompson. "First Radiocarbon Chronology for Mwoakilloa (Mokil) Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Radiocarbon 58, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2015.16.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGiven their sheer number and evidence for long-term prehistoric occupation, atolls occupy a unique position in the peopling of the Pacific. However, they have frequently been overlooked in favor of larger islands due to a host of logistical and other issues. Once viewed as marginal environments, current research is now showing that small islands like these may have been more attractive to settlers than once thought. A new research program in Micronesia is dedicated to examining atolls to better develop baseline chronologies and investigate long-term human adaptations. As part of the initial stage of the project, we present the first radiocarbon dates (n=10) from Mwoakilloa (Mokil) atoll, which support a continuous occupation beginning between 1700–1560 cal BP (2σ). When compared to the settlement of other atoll groups in Micronesia such as the Marshall Islands—along with the nearby high volcanic islands of Pohnpei and Kosrae at approximately 2000–1800 yr ago—the dates from Mwoakilloa suggest a nearly contemporaneous or only slightly later occupation. The recovery of faunal material also demonstrates the translocation of at least two animals (Pacific rat and dog) to the island by humans that was coeval with early settlement. Additionally, there is evidence of landscape transformation in the form of a relatively large artificial mound created by debris and platform accumulation unseen elsewhere in central-eastern Micronesia, but common to atolls. These new dates reinforce the notion that Mwoakilloa and other atolls are integral to understanding prehistoric adaptations across the vast Pacific, though many questions still remain such as to the degree of interaction that occurred with nearby islands and whether settlement was continuous or intermittent through time.
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Arsenault, T. A., John J. Clague, and R. W. Mathewes. "Late Holocene vegetation and climate change at Moraine Bog, Tiedemann Glacier, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-135.
Full textAbstract:
Moraine Bog lies just outside the outermost lateral moraine of Tiedemann Glacier in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. A sediment core taken from the wetland was analyzed for pollen, magnetic susceptibility, and loss on ignition to reconstruct changes in vegetation and climate during the late Holocene. Vegetation changed little between about 3500 and 2400 14C years BP. A period of local disturbance marked by deposition of a silty clay bed and increases in Alnus pollen, likely reflecting cooler moister conditions, coincides with an extensive Holocene advance of Tiedemann Glacier about 2400 14C years BP. Warm dry conditions between about 1900 and 1500 14C years BP are suggested by peak values of Pseudotsuga pollen and increasing Nuphar sclereids; the latter suggests lowered water levels. This period coincides with a time of drought and increased fire frequency in the southernmost Coast Mountains. About 1300 14C years BP, the forest became more coastal in composition with abundant Tsuga heterophylla and Abies. An increase in Tsuga mertensiana pollen suggests the onset of cool and wet conditions by ca. 500 14C years BP, coincident with the Little Ice Age. The record of inferred climate change at Moraine Bog is broadly synchronous with other paleoclimate records from the Coast Mountains and, at the centennial scale, with records elsewhere in the world.