Journal articles on the topic 'Other Architecture and Urban Environment and Building'
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1
Cui, Zhang. "Research on Planning and Design of Urban Architectural Color in Changchun." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504029.
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Architecture is the soul of city color. The planning focus of city color is city architecture, especially the planning control of the main wall color of street buildings. The design of architectural color should not only consider the surrounding environment of the building, the content of the building and the building materials, but also proceed from the aesthetic needs and conform to the principle of color engineering. On this basis, the plan proposes color design guidelines and relies on scientific and standardized “urban building color design guidelines” to achieve the purpose of maintaining the original appearance of history and creating a new era style. Besides the traditional buildings, the other “architectural color guidelines” should leave more room for manoeuvre and not restrict the creative thinking of architects.
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Buivydas, Rimantas, and Jūratė Jurevičienė. "TOWARDS CLASSIFICATION OF SACRAL ARCHITECTURE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697071.
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The paper presents the method of scientific investigation of sacral architecture in the frontier region of Lithuania with Byelorussia and Poland. It also reveals the achieved results and highlights guidelines for future research. The investigation was supported by Lithuanian Science and Studies Foundation and completed in 2005. The paper describes the established criteria of architectural evaluation and prepared digital database of the main sacral structures. The present work covers the analysed features: the interaction of confessional building traditions, the influence of professional architecture on local architecture, the peculiarities of territorial dispersion of sacral buildings. Architectural and material composition, interaction of buildings with their environment and other sacral structures, symbolism and authenticity of 106 objects were investigated. The results of the investigation could be applied in recording of cultural properties and preparing of cultural heritage preservation projects.
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Glukhova, Daria, Julia Katilova, and Anastasia Krupina. "Graphic-analytical method in architectural assessment urban visual environment." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824516003.
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Not only chemical or physical pollution is a problem for environment. The visual environment pollution becomes irreversible problem. Because of the basis of modern construction is the principles of simplified modeling. A lot of same elements on the facade of high-rise building create an unfavorable environment for visual perception. It can leads to visual deterioration, mental health and other health concerns. There are not enough accurate methods for visual aggressiveness assessment. In this article we offer use graphic-analytical method for determine the degree of aggressiveness of building’s visual environment. As the result, we determined the percentage of same elements on the facades of two buildings by using a grid.
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Samol’kina, Elena Grigor’evna. "Wood in the modern architectureof small forms." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.7-18.
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The modern world dictates severe conditions, involving people in a continuous process of changes in the environment. Active building and construction work, urban densification are rapidly transforming environment, creating a new architectural space with intense impact on people. In this regard, there is much tension around the issue of provision of urban amenities, forming comfortable environment for a full human life. The comfort of the urban environment is determined by a set of visual perception of the constituent elements of this environment: architecture, design, landscape and their harmonious unity with nature. A remarkable component of visual perception, making urban space aesthetically appealing, is small architecture.Small architecture in Russia has always played a special role. Being perceived in the context of space, creating at the same time a certain mood and emotions, small forms diversified architectural environment, making it aesthetically appealing. The question about the direction of urban policy in the field of provision of urban amenities was made in 1921, when the first Congress on improvement of populated areas took place. With this legislation originated overall urban development approach as inseparable system layout of the city, its architectural appearance and landscaping. Architectural workshops developed model projects of small forms with recommendations for improvement, which helped to inexpensively create individual features in urban development. At present, the provision of urban amenities have moved to a new level, becoming more grandscale, capital-intensive.The main requirements for small architectural forms are to create a harmonious space, the fusion of architecture with the natural elements. The most harmonious perception of small architectural forms in the environment is achieved through the use of natural building materials. The use of natural materials in urban environment represents nature, creates a comfortable environment psychologically close to a person. Wood, among other natural materials, has an undoubted advantage. Absolute compatibility, unique design quality, expressive possibilities of the material and its ability to form a comfortable living environment, harmoniously combined with other materials, provide greater demand for wood in modern architecture.In the architecture of small forms wood is used everywhere: on the territories of residential quarters, parks and recreation areas, areas of office and commercial development, road environment, etc. A leading role in shaping the public space belongs to small structures for various functional purposes, such as benches, gazebos, sheds, sports facilities, children’s playgrounds.In the modern wooden architecture of small forms two directions are clearly traced. In the first one there is the desire to escape from the boring similar forms, transforming small architectural forms in art objects representing not only material, but also artistic value. The second direction is based on the centuries-old practice of folk art. Having been formed for centuries folk culture and national traditions fully meet the artistic tastes of the modern society. Summing up, it should be noted that the use of wood in architecture of small forms is a universal solution to shape the ecological framework of the urban environment, which is especially important in solving the problems of the modern city.
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Zrudlo, Leo R. "The Missing Dimension in the Built Environment: A Challenge for the 21st Century." Journal of Baha’i Studies 3, no. 1 (1990): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-3.1.4(1990).
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This article addresses architects, planners, and developers but should also interest any other professionals involved in the creation of the built environment. It begins by stating that the built environment is principally made up of buildings and groupings of buildings. Therefore, architecture and urban design are the major focus of the article. Definitions of architecture are then presented from a variety of authors and architects. An argument is made that there actually is a missing dimension in the built environment illustrated by quotations from architects, architectural theorists, amid critics. It becomes evident that architecture is unable to satisfy the emotional and aesthetic needs of people and also that the profession itself, which admits that modern architecture has created bleak and insensitive environments, is in profound disagreement on how to rectify the situation. Under the heading “Architecture–The Object” arguments for and against different architectural movements or stylistic tendencies are highlighted by quotations from the proponents of tile various styles and theories. A similar approach is taken for cities under the heading “Urban Design–The Juxtaposition of Objects.” The fact that something is missing from architectural and city design is concluded, and examples of a preoccupation for the spiritual aspect of architecture and urban design are used to illustrate this growing concern for a dimension that has been much neglected in tile previous several decades. The notion of “spiritual” is then defined, followed by a list of spiritual qualities. Two important principles, unity in diversity and consultation are discussed before presenting some concluding thoughts on how the designers of the built environment can begin finding ways of infusing their designs with a spiritual dimension.
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Sabory, Najib Rahman, Tomonobu Senjyu, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Sayed Maqbool Sayed, Arash Ahmadi, and Edris Saeedi. "Post-2000 Building Industry in Kabul City from Sustainability Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147833.
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Buildings are one of the major consumers of energy and producers of greenhouse gases globally. Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from buildings helps decrease global warming and enhances the natural environment. This can only happen by transitioning from traditional to sustainable architecture and urban planning. For decades, sustainable architecture and urban planning have been applied in many countries’ building sectors, but others among the poor and least developed countries are left behind. Kabul, the capital of one of the least developed countries, Afghanistan, has experienced a remarkable growth rate in population and building since 2001. This rapid and uncontrolled growth of building construction caused problems from different perspectives, especially from the sustainability perspective. In this paper, the current state of the building industry in Kabul is evaluated from a sustainability perspective, especially those constructed after the year 2000. This assessment helps to rate and see how sustainable each type of building is. Analysis of the collected data clarifies that buildings’ sustainability level in Kabul city is significantly low. Based on the results, recommendations provide a better future for the building industry and ensure that existing and future buildings are sufficiently sustainable to protect the environment of Kabul city and of the globe.
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Salingaros, Nikos A. "Book Review: Making Dystopia — The Strange Rise and Survival of Architectural Barbarism, by James Stevens Curl, Oxford University Press. 2018." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 3 (November 4, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i3.1828.
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This is a review of the scholarly book “Making Dystopia — The Strange Rise and Survival of Architectural Barbarism”, by Professor James Stevens Curl. The book is severely critical of the Modernist movement in architecture, holding it responsible for the loss of historical, traditional, and vernacular building cultures. It goes further to associate the loss of other valuable aspects of culture with the erasing influence of modernist thought. The obvious transformation of the built environment influenced people subconsciously away from older compassionate, humane design practices, and towards a cold, inhuman industrialism. Today’s unsustainable Industrial-Modernism is not the inevitable consequence of a natural process of architectural evolution, while the Bauhaus was not an enlightened architecture school. Professor Stevens Curl’s work is an invaluable resource for academia, the public, and professional practitioners. It could help to trigger a massive re-orientation of the building industry, helped by forward-thinking legislators. An enlightened and interested public has to come to grips with what happened, and try and fix it for a better society in the future.
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Alihodzic, Rifat, and Domen Zupančič. "The importance of vertical buildings in perception and memorising the city." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301031.
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Being aware of the surrounding we live in, among other things, means establishing of spatial relationships between oneself and the environment, equally important as relationship between oneself and others. Environment consists of facilities and space. Space, „gift by itself“, is defined by terrain topography, sky horizon, plants and animals. The architecture, as a profession, is interested in space created distinctively. Perception, as elementary process of consciousness and psychological life, deals with being conscious about something. In this case, physical structures that create a city. Psychological experience of urban environment is important factor having effect on perception, memorising and orientation in urban space. Gestalt psychology of perceiving is area applying to and significant for architecture either. The importance of vertical lies in its perceiving the gravitation, forming perceiving focus, landmark, for urban units and subunits to be memorised, creating spatial hierarchy and perception logics, remembering and orientation in space. This work analyses reasons for building upright with comparative analyses in their participation in space and on human psychology. This paper’s purpose is to, using fundamental facts, show the importance of vertical buildings, not as a spatial use phenomenon, but also as significant phenomenon.
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Sinha, Alisha. "Building Orientation as the Primary Design Consideration for Climate Responsive Architecture in Urban Areas." Architecture and Urban Planning 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2020-0006.
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Abstract Orientation is a design parameter that plays a major role in climate responsive architecture and helps achieve comfort within the built environment. However, it is difficult to achieve an ideal orientation, especially in urban context. The main aim of this paper is to develop alternate strategies to overcome the challenges faced in designing as per preferred orientation and then derive a set of tools that can help decide the orientation of a building on site both under normal and congested site conditions. Thereafter, the inferences from the paper can act as references for choosing an optimum orientation for placement of buildings in warm humid climate. It can act as a significant pedagogical guideline for students of architecture in deciphering solutions for a climate responsive design in a simplified manner. The results can also be utilised for future research in formulating similar tools for other climatic regions.
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Li, Yu. "Research on the Urban Architecture Color and Chromatography - A Proposal of Digital Environmental Color Taking Dandong City’s Building Color as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2245.
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There are some modern urban sickness in the process of city development and construction for example，peccancy of dismantling and construction，failure to protect cultural heritage，replication of building and environment and disorder of material and color because of the deficiency of complete law system of city management．On the base of investigating Dandong city，the paper sets up digital color system and color database for Dandong’s city and building planning and designing and lays the foundation for popularizing and utilization digital color database in other cities in Liaoning province．The paper will be beneficial to regulate the laws of urban development and constriction，the protection of cultural heritage in view of local color spec-trump and the improvement urban environment．
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Heylighen, Ann, Caroline Van Doren, and Peter-Willem Vermeersch. "Enriching Our Understanding of Architecture Through Disability Experience." Open House International 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2013-b0002.
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The relationship between the built environment and the human body is rarely considered explicitly in contemporary architecture. In case architects do take the body into account, they tend to derive mathematical proportions or functional dimensions from it, without explicit attention for the bodily experience of a building. In this article, we analyse the built environment in a way less common in architecture, by attending to how a particular person experiences it. Instead of relating the human body to architecture in a mathematical way, we establish a new relationship between architecture and the body—or a body—by demonstrating that our bodies are more involved in the experience of the built environment than we presume. The article focuses on persons with a sensory or physical impairment as they are able to detect building qualities architects may not be attuned to. By accompanying them during a visit to a museum building, we examine how their experiences relate to the architect's intentions. In attending to the bodily experiences of these disabled persons, we provide evidence that architecture is not only seen, but experienced by all senses, and that aesthetics may acquire a broader meaning. Senses can be disconnected or reinforced by nature. Sensory experiences can be consciously or unconsciously eliminated or emphasized by the museum design and use. Architects can have specific intentions in mind, but users (with an impairment) may not experience them. Attending to the experiences of disabled persons, and combining these with the architect's objectives, provides an interesting view of a building. Our analysis does not intend to criticize the one using the other; rather the combination of both views, each present in the building, makes for a richer understanding of what architecture is.
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Tesler, Nadezhda. "Evolution of medical architecture." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003015.
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This article deals with the history of medical architecture development in Russia and abroad. Numerous examples of buildings of healthcare facilities, from ancient times to the present day, are given. Buildings of hospitals and clinics were erected in the architectural traditions then prevailing. Features of healthcare facilities, which determine their architectural concept, are: type and purpose of the healthcare facility, scope and structure of medical services, location in the urban environment, architectural environment, etc. When designing the construction and reconstruction of hospitals and outpatient clinics, parameters of wards, doctor’s offices, procedure and administrative premises shall be taken into account. Special attention shall be paid to requirements to surgical theaters, intensive care units and other facilities with sophisticated equipment and numerous utilities.
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Mustafa ALMARKIYAH, AbuRawi, and Fouziya Alzarqani Ipraheem FADHLULLAH. "EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN OF TRIPOLI." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (May 1, 2021): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.4-3.30.
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Tripoli is a city of a Mediterranean Sea climate; this has contributed with some social and religious factors to affect the architectural and urban design, which all originally has come from the Islamic content. This study argues the climatic features of Tripoli in order to show the ways followed by the Libyan Muslim architect. In other words, these ways were used to adapt with the climate and create the demanding architectural treatments, which have served the building units. This is considered as a study case that can discuss the possibility of the climatic reflection on the walls. That is to say, the walls’ thickness, the type of the used substance in building, the substance’s properties, the type of roof used in covering the building units and the architectural design of the building as treatments achieved professionally by the architect in decreasing the heat in summer and increasing the heat in winter through the mass block. Additionally, the researchers have stated that Tripoli’s building design respected the privacy of the inhabitants and their isolation from the world outside their buildings. That is because they wanted to have their own cold spaces inside which were rich of light, air and shadow. As a result of the aforementioned considerations, the architectural buildings contained the uncovered space and the broken entrance to keep the privacy from the passengers and to protect the inhabitants from wind and sand. These were regarded as final solutions for the architectural and climatic problem. Further, this study illustrates the active role of using the planning including the architectural formations and the treatments of motion path. That is according to their width, their length, their form, their guidance and their direction change in order to make shadow and isolate the front of buildings. This also contributed to give the streets the northern wind which in turn helped to keep the air moving as long as possible to tone down the climatic influences. Moreover, the planning aimed to show its turn through analytical, architectural and documentary survey for realistic examples in the archeological registrar of the potential city treatments. These architectural elements were important in making the sustainable architecture in respect to the environment and human relaxation requirements. Finally, the researchers measured the following factors temperatures, wind, rain, and ratio humidity for variety of spaces in the city. That was followed by qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis supported by graphs
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Generalova, Elena, Victor Generalov, and Anna Kuznetsova. "INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES OF BIOCLIMATICAL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 15, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2641.
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The paper examines innovative and promising trends in in the design of high-rise buildings that challenge traditional typologies and are adapted for specific climatic conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate modern methods of designing building envelopes for bioclimatic skyscrapers taking into account heat impact of climate on the thermal balance of buildings.
The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of advanced world experience in constructing innovative buildings, "conquering" climate. The paper provides the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture. The issues of buildings’ forms and modes are considered. The authors analyze the efficiency of using double facades in different climatic conditions with account of their interaction with other technological, constructive and planning elements, such as "solar chimney", passive and active solar control systems, landscaping, intelligence control systems of temperature and humidity conditions in premises and buildings, etc.
The paper highlights that unique objects of bioclimatic skyscrapers are moving now into new typologies of buildings and help form dense, comfortable and convenient urban environment using natural resources effectively. The research shows how prospects and relevance of a systemic approach to introducing the related and interdependent projects for energy saving activities at all levels, starting from town-planning and architectural models, and ending with engineering and constructive solutions.
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Panov, Valery, Margarita Gladysheva, and Andrey Razumov. "Development of the cultural and educational complex “Theatron”, integrated into the historical environment of the youth theater building in Kazan." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128102009.
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The article reveals the design features of a new type of multifunctional object Theatron in the context of the existing historical urban environment. The formation of a typologically new object is due to the increased attention of people to cultural and entertainment institutions offering a wide range of services. The need for proper integration of modern architecture into the existing historical development of the city is one of the most important tasks facing the architect. The authors proposed architectural and planning solutions and the creation of recreational space. Since many theater and entertainment structures are located in memorial sites of national significance, or are themselves valuable historical heritage, the reconstruction of theater buildings is a constant and inevitable phenomenon in all countries and is associated with complex controversial issues of simultaneous preservation and the existing buildings’ improvement. In this regard, there is a constant need to “fit” such old buildings to the lifestyle of the modern audience and modern production methods of theaters in the XX-XXI centuries. Due to the technology development, the technology of demonstration space, stage equipment and engineering equipment of the entire building have changed. In addition, serious urban development problems have also emerged over the years. The city scale has changed, the population has increased, and there is a rapidly growing tourist flow. Transport has changed, Parking lots for cars, communication with the metro, landing stages for unloading decorations and other cargo were needed. There are also aesthetic urban planning problems that do not allow freely, unreasonably expand the building, add the new volumes. This work can contribute to the further development and improvement of the proposed methodology for designing public cultural objects.
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Matić, Gabrijela, and Željko Peković. "Sacral architecture of Split parish churches built since 1990." St open 2 (July 13, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.2.4.
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Objective: The article aims to provide a typology of contemporary sacral architecture in Croatia by analyzing the churches built in the Split area after the post-World War II ban on building churches was abolished. Methods: Parish archives and the Archive of Split-Makarska Archdiocese provided documentation that allowed for an in-depth analysis of newly built churches. A short historical overview is provided to corroborate the need of respective parishes for a new church; this is followed by an analysis of the ground plan and other architectural features. The church architecture is considered in the light of post-Council instructions that affect the appearance of contemporary churches. Finally, we provide an analysis of the relationship between sacral buildings and their urban environment. Results: Twelve new parish churches were built in the city of Split City area since 1990. A data analysis revealed that the major problem during church construction projects was the visual integration of the churches into the Split neighborhoods. The shape and size of the buildings was partly dictated by the urban environment. Most churches are located in the immediate vicinity of the center of the neighborhood. The churches mainly differed by the shape of their bell towers, which were used by the architects to convey their devotion to or departure from tradition. The move toward central-plan buildings, which would be expected in the light of post-Council guidelines, did not emerge in Split. Conclusion: A comparison of contemporary sacral architecture in Split did not reveal a defined church design typology. The contemporary sacral architecture in Split has not completely turned to new trends and is still partly trying to keep the tradition, as reflected in the ground plan and bell tower design. Architects have abandoned the strong longitudinal axis and have been dimensioning the churches based on the real needs.
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Zonouz, Hassan Khalili. "EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZONUZ'S HISTORICAL GARDEN CITY ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1048839.
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Zonuz architecture has originated from prehistoric era by having worthwhile architectural signs of the Kura – Aras culture related to Bronze Age (3800 BC), as seen in Qiz Qala and Oğlan Qalasi, located about 5 km from the city. This architecture by the dry stone method is standing at the top of the mountain and has been made of field stone which was undoubtedly outstanding in its period. This technique has reached its style as back to back diagonal stones placed within 30–45 different degrees among them with respect to the wall making evolution during the period of 6000 years. This method has been used in all buildings and walls of house-gardens of the city for millenniums appropriately. The technique reveals that instead of brick, natural elements with more resistance have been applied. Availability of travertine is the reason of using it along with mortar in order to constructing the entire city and many other buildings. However, in some cases like Qizil-Korpi bridge plaster has been used and in some others – that needed more strength – a composition of lime and clay is applied. But it can be acknowledged that the structure of the building and foundations is part of the natural environment. Urban areas in this location have developed condition of constructing new architecture and house-garden urban engineering in terms of more convenient natural situation including better utilizing sun light, more appropriate slope as well as plenty of springs – about 360. This is a city with spatial shape which is integrated with natural beauty of Azerbaijan and has created a rare house-garden quality. Although urban engineering and architecture of this city have got an outstanding index and many articles have been published in the field of Geology, Geography, Philosophy and so on, but nothing can be found about its architectural report, techniques and thoughts throughout the resources. The aim of present research is based on finding out topography and climate conditions effecting the architecture and city planning; in this article the author also tries to mention Zonuz architecture and type of architectural spaces and its structures in order to make a better understanding and increasing sensitivity about the building and urban setting, conservation and restoration. In order to come to a conclusion we had to choose a method for this subject and going through library shelves seemed to be real poor; hence we had to do site study and consider actual cultural, technical and historical cases and their relation with topography and city planning.
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Yang, A. S., Y. H. Juan, C. Y. Wen, Y. M. Su, and Y. C. Wu. "Investigation on Wind Environments of Surrounding Open Spaces Around a Public Building." Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 1 (June 3, 2016): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.47.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to highlight the effectiveness and necessity of the computational methods applications for architecture conceptual designs and improve the use of advanced simulation tools in urban planning. The results can provide the urban designers, planners and other decision makers with useful design information for assessing human wind comfort of the surrounding open spaces of public buildings in an urban area. Among different kinds of public buildings, museum architecture is of significant social value and importance for the augmentation of urban image. Using the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao for the case study, this investigation performed CFD simulations of the airflow over the museum to characterize the wind environments around the buildings. The predicted wind speed distributions were used to determine the wind comfort level of the featured spots around the museum for evaluating the suitability allowing visitors to sit or stand at the pedestrian plane for extended periods.
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Wang, Zhi Guo, and Mei Jun Lu. "Comprehensive Promotion Measures of Urban Residence Acoustic Environment Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1690.
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As the urban rapid development and the continuous improvement of people's living standard, residents put forward higher request for sound environment quality of residential building. By analyzing the main factors influencing the urban residence acoustic environment, in view of site selection planning, architectural design, structural measures and other appropriate measures, reasonable noise control measures are put forward to improve urban residential environment quality and provide residents with a quiet sound living environment.
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Afzal, Silwat. "ARCHITECTURE A SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REFORMING URBAN SURROUNDINGS A BARRIER FREE RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENT ENABLING LIMITED ABILITY: CASES FROM KARACHI, PAKISTAN." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 19, no. 2 (December 25, 2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1922015_5.
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The built environment is a complex outcome of a society's geo-political and socio-economic development. An important consideration is the status of existing facilitation systems for population with disabilities in a developing country. International researches indicate that about one-tenth of the global population can be categorized in this human slab. Multiple predicaments such as climate change, induced disasters, violence, conflict, terror strikes, urban and regional hazards are constantly adding more people in this category. A review and basic observation of the built environment in Pakistan, including larger cities such as Karachi, reveal that the existing profile of various building types are grossly unsuitable to accommodate the users with frail and limited abilities. Common facilitation elements such as ramps, support balustrades, guiding rails, exclusive toilets, appropriate aisles and corridors, ventilation and daylight assistance mechanisms and other necessary ingredients are scantily found in these buildings. This shortcoming exists in many of the designed buildings and spaces for healthcare, education, social welfare, commercial centers, housing schemes, etc. The practice of accepting construction with a deficit built environment remains insensitive to people with disabilities and a major disrepute to architects, engineers, all professional saviors of the building industry and environment. This paper explores the current status of response preparedness and intervention in the domain of Karachi's surroundings. Drawing from the existing literature, the paper adopts a case based approach to identify the various dimensions of built environment to establish their suitability for accommodating the specific requirements for population with limited abilities. Case studies of hospitals and educational facilities have been taken from Karachi. The pivotal role of local architects and urban planners has been appraised in this scenario. The paper concludes with design advise derived from the research analysis.
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Abdul-Aziz, Abdul-Rashid, and George Ofori. "Genesis of Malaysia's Policy Relating to Sustainability of the Built Environment." Open House International 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2012-b0005.
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From interviews with selected experts and secondary sources, this paper charts the actions that led to Malaysia having its own green building rating tool. It began with the Institution of Architects Malaysia and the Institution of Engineers Malaysia working together in 2008 to come up with the Green Building Index (GBI) specifically suited for the Malaysian condition. The index was launched a year later, the same year that a new prime minister came into office. With greening the economy in mind, he launched a few major initiatives, one of which was the creation of the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water to replace the Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications and another was the launching of the National Technology Policy. In December 2009, he made the commitment on Malaysia's behalf to reduce carbon dioxide emission at the Copenhagen Summit, thereby cementing his commitment to green issues at the international level. Behind-the-scene lobbying by the private sector resulted in the government explicitly endorsing the GBI by tying GBI certification of buildings to financial incentives. This paper makes the case that the strong cooperation between the private sector and the government over the GBI represents a form of public-private partnership on aspects of collaborative spirit, complementarity of resources, private sector leadership, wide-ranging ramifications over other partnerships across time, timing and sustainability. Other countries intending to come up with their own rating tool can take stock of the Malaysian experience.
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Andric, Snezana, Milica Jovanovic-Popovic, and Nikola Macut. "Development for CO2 emissions reduction by the use of solar thermal collectors in the process of urban planning." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170601222a.
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Using RES is one of the most important characteristics of the sustainable and resilient development. Nowadays, need to minimize CO2 emissions is obligatory, especially in the sector of urban and architectural planning, since in Serbia approximately 50% of produced energy is spent in buildings. The CO2 emission, in urban structures, can and must be reduced at the different levels: building level, block, and city level. For the city of Kragujevac, based on urban parameters defined in General Urban Plan, typical urban block was chosen and typical building structure developed. Calculation were made, based on recommendations developed by the Ministry of mining and energy and Serbian regulations, for the energy needed for domestic hot water preparation. In this paper, the influences of architectural and urban parameters on the use of solar thermal collectors at the typical building and urban block level is investigated. Recommendations are prepared for principles of urban and architectural design in order to enable the use of collectors for domestic hot water preparation and in that way CO2 emission reduction. Developed methodology for the city of Kragujevac can be applied in defining design principles in whole the country and Balkans region, not only for the use of solar thermal collectors but also for the use of other RES.
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Lukina, Irina, Angelina Selivanova, and B. Temirsultanova. "THE ROLE OF LANDSCAPE COMPONENT IN THE CREATION OF «HUMAN SCALE» URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-284-288.
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Excessive increase in the size of the main urban development objects on the one hand, and the creation of abstract volumes of the urban environment that do not have any familiar details comparable to the size of a person on the other hand, creates an architecture completely divorced from people and hostile to them. Therefore, there was a need to justify the use of landscape components to create a medium-scale human environment. The natural environment is that component of the spatial planning structure of the city, which, if properly placed, will absorb the negative psychological effect of the perception of huge undifferentiated abstract arrays of buildings in a re-compacted urban environment. The main criterion for the psychological comfort of a city dweller is the visual contact of a person in the house with the street, the ability to see the details and, most importantly, understand what they are in relation to the person. Along with small architectural forms, such elements will be trees, shrubs, benches, information boards, which have constant and understandable ergonomic dimensions. This is what is always referred to in the term anthropocentrism in architecture. The article proposes to clarify the concept of “human scale” on the basis of a systematic understanding of scale in architecture, and then this category of scale is considered not as a compositional means of aesthetic expressiveness of the urban environment, but as a factor in biological safety and physical survival of a person in conditions of total urbanization.
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Stachura, Ewa. "A Study in Polish Housing Conditions. Methodology and Building Typology Characteristics." Real Estate Management and Valuation 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2013-0004.
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Abstract The attributes of the housing environment constitute an important part of the quality of living. Flats and houses, as other products, fulfill the complex needs of users, starting with the provision of shelter and a sense of safety, to satisfaction associated with the social context of occupancy and the perception of its aesthetic values. The housing environment, more than other functional aspects of architecture, shapes the structure of modern cities, and its high quality standards are reflected in the urban potential that promotes economic growth. The new paradigm of sustainable consumption, which is becoming widely popular all over the world, affects housing needs and modifies the housing preferences in Poland. Changes should be monitored in reference to current housing needs in Poland, to have a better view on new trends, as present-day housing conditions affect consumers’ needs and preferences. Knowledge of the relations between the qualitative aspects of housing conditions and expectations should support architects, urban planners and local authorities in creating a functional and aesthetic housing environment endowed with the attributes attractive to occupants. The paper is focused on presenting certain aspects of the present-day housing conditions in Poland. Out of extensive research material resulting from empirical studies, issues that concern the types of settlements, occupancy period, form of ownership (flats or houses) and utilized space have been selected. The derived information enables the evaluation and interpretation of the quality of the housing environment and the occupants’ aspirations.
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Liu, Jing, Fei Ma, and Fan Li. "Analysis of Heat Island Intensity in Urban Blocks Using Coupled Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1669.
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In this paper, a building canopy model is coupled with CFD for the analysis of microclimates within urban blocks under different urban and architectural planning. This model considers radiant heat exchange in the building canopy, water evaporation of vegetations and heat released from the air conditioning systems. Using this model, thermal environment of a real urban block is analyzed. The simulation results show that heat released from the air conditioning systems is one of the most important factors affecting outdoor thermal environment. Temperature of vegetation is significantly lower than that of road surfaces. However, air temperature difference is not great between zones with vegetation and other zones at 1.5m height.
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Lehrer, Ute Angelika. "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of Flex Space in Switzerland." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12, no. 2 (April 1994): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d120187.
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The peripheries of Swiss cities are currently being restructured at an unprecedented pace. Specifically, new commercial and office developments are mushrooming along the major traffic arteries. Peripheral centers without a center have sprung up. In this paper, urban forms are described in relation to the architectural form. The new urban form comes with a specific aesthetic programme: the architecture and the planning design of the industrial and office centers in the periphery defy the mass-produced built environment of earlier suburbanization. Rather, ‘individualized’ architectural designs lend themselves to custom-made commercialization of the new urban landscape. Buildings increasingly become billboards which are strategically placed along freeways and rail lines. Finally, in what seems a marked difference to automobile-based peripheral centralization in North America and other parts of Europe, the Swiss example depends heavily on a state-managed expansion of the railroads and light-rail systems.
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Grecevičius, Petras, Algimantas M. Olšauskas, and Ramunė Urbonienė. "AUGALŲ ĮTAKOS PASTATO ARCHITEKTŪRINEI RAIŠKAI MIESTOVAIZDYJE EKOLOGINIAI IR KOMPOZICINIAI ASPEKTAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2011.23.
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In the last few years, a negative impact on the environmental values of the Lithuanian urban landscape was made by an increasingly growing urbanization: more densely situated buildings, growing areas of solid concrete or other surface, less and less space for greenery. Soon, roofs shall be equipped not only with antennas, but also with solar collectors and small wind turbines. All this will undoubtedly have an impact on the architectural expression of buildings and landscapes and in the near future, the impact will become even more significant. To achieve high aesthetic value and ecological stability of Lithuanian urban landscapes, the necessary number of studies are required as well as regulatory planning and legislative measures to guarantee the high quality of landscapes not only in the coming years, but in the long term as well. Dust and gas polluted air creates major threat to human health in urban areas. Atmospheric air saturated with harmful substances penetrates into residential housing, hospitals, educational institutions and classrooms, and industrial premises. Indoor air is saturated with chemicals and substances, such as xylene, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone and others, are released by building materials and furniture. Besides, there is also human and bio-depleted air. Free planting of trees and shrubs, flowers, grass, balcony attached trays, and plants in pots at the premises is no longer sufficient in urban areas.. Drastic architectural and urbanistic measures are required to help people in the city to restore the natural environment. We are children of nature and we have to move closer to it. To hide urban monotony, considerable efforts have to be made: plans – our friends – should take their places on building roofs and walls, balconies and terraces. This article analyses some of sustainable development issues particular to a Lithuanian city and associated with new technologies pertaining to urban landscape, urban spaces and architectural buildings, architecture, and environment. Some preliminary proposals for possible solutions to improve the basic architecture of buildings and townscapes to enrich the life of new high-quality brands are offered. Santrauka Pastaruoju laikotarpiu Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdyje vis labiau daugėja urbanizacijos ženklų, darančių negatyvų poveikį aplinkos estetinėms vertybėms ir gyvenimo kokybei. Tankėja užstatymas, vis mažiau vietos lieka želdiniams, didėja kietų betoninių ar kt. paviršių plotas. Ant pastatų stogų įrengiami pavieniai saulės kolektoriai, antenos, mažosios vėjo jėgainės ir kt. Augalai išstumiami iš renovuojamų daugiabučių pastatų kiemų prioritetą suteikiant automobiliams. Nebelieka vietos vaikų žaidimų aikštelėms. Pastatų viduje oro kokybė ne geresnė kaip kieme ar gatvėje. Visa tai neabejotinai daro įtaką architektūrinei pastatų bei miestovaizdžių raiškai bei žmonių sveikatai. Ateityje, tankėjant užstatymui miesto centrinėse dalyse, ta įtaka dar labiau didės. Dulkėmis ir dujomis užterštas oras kelia didžiulę grėsmę žmonių sveikatai. Atmosferos oras, prisotintas kenksmingų medžiagų, skverbiasi į gyvenamuosius būstus, ligonių palatas, mokymo įstaigų klases ir auditorijas, gamybines patalpas. Jau nebepakanka laisvus plotus miestuose apsodinti medžiais ir krūmais, gėlėmis, apsėti žole. Būtinos kardinalios priemonės, padedančios žmogui mieste sugrąžinti natūralią gamtinę aplinką. Siekiant aukštos Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdžių estetinės vertės, ekologinio stabilumo, būtini sisteminiai architektūriniai ir urbanistiniai tyrimai, taip pat pastatų ir kvartalų, pastatų aplinkos projektavimą reglamentuojančios, planavimo bei teisinės priemonės, kurios garantuotų aukštą kraštovaizdžio kokybę ne tik artimiausiais metais bet ir perspektyvoje. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie Lietuvos miestų darnaus vystymosi aspektai susieti su naujų kraštovaizdžio technologijų įtaka urbanizuotų miesto erdvių aplinkai, pateikiami preliminarūs siūlymai, kaip naujus aplinkos elementus kuo tinkamiau išnaudoti gerinant pastatų architektūrą, miesto vaizdą, gyvenimo kokybę.
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Zhang, Ning. "The Role of Ancient Chinese Philosophy in the Designs of Chinese Buildings." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0014.
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Buildings are the condensation of the national, ethnic, or cultural identity. They are also the specific materialized form of the national social systems, folk customs, and ideologies. Architectural design and philosophy constitute an isomorphic relationship with each other. This study focuses on the Chinese traditional philosophy. Using Kuanzhai Alley in Chengdu as an example, philosophical expressions, such as “holistic thinking,” “group form layout,” “heaven and man,” “yin–yang and the five elements,” “ancient architecture design,” “good” aesthetic concepts, and “conformal”rationalism, are discussed from the aspects of the selection of the environment, spatial layout, architectural symbol, planning, and design significance. The traditional architectural forms and types are analyzed and interpreted based on the Chinese traditional philosophy. The role of the ancient Chinese philosophy in the Designs of Chinese Buildings is summarized. Traditional ideas on Chinese architecture should be recognized from the aspect of philosophy to propose a new design direction for developing modern Chinese architectural designs.
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Obia, Ajah Ekpeni. "Emerging Nigerian Megacities and Sustainable Development: Case Study of Lagos and Abuja." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p27.
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<p>It is estimated that by 2020 half of Nigerians shall live in urban centres. Nigeria has scores of such centres, with many showing the tendency of becoming megacities in a no distant future. One of these cities, Lagos (already a megacity), shall by projection, have a population of 24 million persons by 2020. The other, Abuja, is one of the fastest growing cities on earth. Generally, the world is now known to parade far larger cities than history has ever recorded. Some of these cities are quite magnificent and glorious - London, Paris, Tokyo and New York. On the other hand, Lagos and Mumbai are classic examples of urban failures. What separate the two classes of cities are the approaches to the design of their urban fabrics and management of their ecology. Whereas the former cities have adopted robust sustainability principles in their architecture and urban design/regeneration as well as efficient urban management programmes, the latter appear to be partially or totally non-committal. This paper examines the evolving Nigerian mega cities and their potentials for sustainable survival, with particular reference to Lagos and Abuja, using indices of economic productivity, social equity and environmental concerns. The result shows that the two cities failed these sustainability tests. The cause is traceable to unsustainable architecture being practiced. About half of the total global energy consumption comes from buildings. Eco-design prescriptions of the architect would guarantee urban sustainability. Thus, this paper recommends a national green building code for Nigeria.</p>
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AlAnbaky, Jinan H. M., and Hadeel S. R. Al-mur'ib. "The Interstitial in Structural System in Architecture." Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology 9, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/3/mjet/2021-9-1/06-19.
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Previous knowledge has shown a concept revealing different boundaries and relations of building spaces with its outer shell; which represent the boundaries of these spaces. This concept is called interstitial space which is based on creating an interlocution and communication within this space giving a new understanding of meaning and a new approach in archi-tectural formation. This concept of knowledge description has varied as it is linked once to its nature or again to the built environment levels whether it's architectural or urban diverged within the academic and social context, as well as the blur-ring relationship nature of this space with the structural system of the building. Therefore, the problem state of this research, which goal focuses on, is highlighted as "the urge to investigate the concept of interstitial structure characteristics". Yet the methodology of the research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach consisting of three phases; phases one is to build a theoretical framework about the characteristics of the interstitial space in architecture; second is to conduct a practical study and identify several samples of buildings vary in their structural systems (traditional, structural and space); then analyze data and identify the conclusions of which the interstitial space grows and expands physically and expres-sively with the presence of the recent constructive systems and the lack of presence of the Interstitial spaced has led to spatial differentiation and closed toward inside especially those designed parametrically and reflect it in the other tradi-tional and structural constructive systems.
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Ding, Ding, Xianjun Yu, and Zhonglin Wang. "The Evolution of the Living Environment in Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on Historical Paintings." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430700.
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Some historical paintings are realistic enough to provide information for the study of ancient civil buildings and their corresponding living environment. This article uses architectural iconology, computer modeling, and quantitative analysis methods to interpret ancient images for contemporary research. This work selects Qingming Shanghe Tu , painted by Ying Qiu in the Ming Dynasty, and Gusu Fanhua Tu , created by Yang Xu in the Qing Dynasty to study the evolution of the living environment of ancient Suzhou at the natural meaning level. At the conventional meaning level, a comparison of the two images reveals that land use, landscaping, building performance, and building materials evolved due to social development. At the intrinsic meaning level, this development was found to be closely related to the expansion of urban construction, the development of compact landscaping, and the maturation of construction techniques. The architectural iconology method proposed by this work can be used to study other ancient buildings based on existing images.
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Rice, Louis, and Mark Drane. "Indicators of Healthy Architecture—a Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Urban Health 97, no. 6 (September 4, 2020): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00469-z.
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AbstractThe design of the built environment plays an important role as a determinant of health. As a society, we are spending an increasing proportion of our time indoors and now spend over 80% of our life inside, so the design of buildings can greatly impact on human health. Accordingly, architecture health indices (AHIs) are used to evidence the effects on human health associated with the design of buildings. AHIs provide quantitative and empirical data upon which architects, clients, users and other stakeholders might monitor and evaluate the healthiness (or otherwise) of architectural design. A systematic literature review was conducted to reveal the current state of knowledge, reveal gaps, explore potential usage and highlight best practice in this area. Whilst there are a number of different health indicators for the built/urban environments more generally, the scope of this review is limited to the scale of a building and specifically those aspects within the remit of a professional architect. In order to examine the range and characteristics of AHIs currently in use, this review explored three electronic bibliographic databases from January 2008 to January 2019. A two-stage selection was undertaken and screening against eligibility criteria checklist carried out. From 15 included studies, 127 documents were identified, and these included 101 AHI. A sample of the most commonly used AHIs was then analysed at an item level. The review reveals that most AHIs are limited to measuring communicable diseases that directly affect physical health through e.g. air quality or water quality. There are very few indicators focusing on factors affecting mental and social health; given the increase in mental and social health problems, greater focus on AHIs related to these health issues should be included. Furthermore, the research reveals an absence of AHIs that address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As the majority of all poor health outcomes globally are now related to NCDs, and many are associated with the design of the built environment, there is an urgent need to address this situation.
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Zedi, Matthias, and Bengt Kayser. "Lack of Pregraduate Teaching on the Associations between the Built Environment, Physical Activity and Health in Swiss Architecture and Urban Design Degree Programs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010015.
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Background: Lack of physical activity (PA) is the fourth risk factor for all-cause mortality. Regular PA reduces noncommunicable disease (NCD) and mortality risk. The built environment (BE) is a determinant of spontaneous daily PA. Professionals who plan and build the BE therefore affect public health. We tested the hypothesis of a lack of formal pregraduate training about associations between the BE, PA and health in architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design academic degree programs (DPs) in Switzerland. Methods: We reached out to all DPs in Switzerland to ask if and how these associations are taught. For those declaring to teach the topic, the program syllabus and course material were inspected. Results and discussion: For 30 out of 33 identified programs, information for the analysis was obtained. A total of 18 declared teaching the BE, PA and health associations, but this could be confirmed for only 5 after verifying the course content. Teaching principles of building PA-promoting BE represents an underutilized potential for public health promotion. Conclusions: There is a need to introduce formal learning objectives in architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design DPs in Switzerland on the associations between BE, PA and health. It is likely that similar needs exist in other countries.
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Almeida, Nuno, António Teixeira, Samuel Silva, and Maksym Ketsmur. "The AM4I Architecture and Framework for Multimodal Interaction and Its Application to Smart Environments." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112587.
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Technologies, such as smart sensors, actuators, and other kinds of devices, are often installed in our environments (e.g., our Homes) and available to integrate our daily lives. Despite their installation being motivated by the pursuit of automation and increased efficiency, making these environments usable, acceptable and enjoyable in a sustainable, energy efficient way is not only a matter of automation. Tackling these goals is a complex task demanding the combination of different perspectives including building and urban Architecture, Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to provide occupants with the means to shape these environments to their needs. Interaction is of paramount relevance in the creation of adequate relations of users with their environments, but it cannot be seen independently from the ubiquitous sensing and computing or the environment’s architecture. In this regard, there are several challenges to HCI, particularly in how to integrate this multidisciplinary effort. Although there are several solutions to address some of these challenges, the complexity and dynamic nature of the smart environments and the diversity of technologies involved still present many challenges, particularly for its development. In general, the development is complex, and it is hard to create a dynamic environment providing versatile and adaptive forms of interaction. To participate in the multidisciplinary effort, the development of interaction must be supported by tools capable of facilitating co-design by multidisciplinary teams. In this article, we address the development of interaction for complex smart environments and propose the AM4I architecture and framework, a novel modular approach to design and develop adaptive multiplatform multilingual multi-device multimodal interactive systems. The potential of the framework is demonstrated by proof-of-concept applications in two different smart environment contexts, non-residential buildings and smart homes.
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Milovanovic-Rodic, Danijela, Jelena Zivkovic, and Ksenija Lalovic. "Changing architectural education for reaching sustainable future: A contribution to the discussion." Spatium, no. 29 (2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1329075m.
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This paper discusses potential changes for the architectural education in response to rapid environmental, economic and socio-political situations, globally and locally. Unpredictability and complexity of those changes on one side and increasing exclusion of architects in urban developments on the other side, are forcing us to rethink the role and purpose of architects and architecture in society in general. We started to question methodology and the substance of architectural education which would create professional architects that would be able to deliver and implement creative sustainable solutions. It is evident that the need for the sustainable architectural design, sensitive to environment and energy issues, has reached a critical level in both public and professional circles. However, the issue of social sensibility is still not adequately taken into consideration by professionals. We argue that it is a consequence of archaic academic curricula which must be changed in order to support a paradigm shift. This change would be from the ?architect provider? to the ?architect enabler?. As a result of this issue, we introduce a new educational methodology to support: (1) building student's capacity for being engaged in collaborative design process, and (2) building bridges between the different disciplines in order to reach integral education.
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Alhusban, Ahmad A., Safa A. Alhusban, and Yamen N. Al-Betawi. "Assessing the impact of urban Syrian refugees on the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 2/3 (September 6, 2019): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on the residential urban fabric of Al Mafraq city physically and socially. Physically means regarding architectural style and socially means regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Therefore, the research questions are: What are the main source of tensions between the urban Syrian refugees and Al Mafraq host community that hinders the social cohesion? And what is the impact of the urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city socially and architecturally? Design/methodology/approach Different research methods were used to explore and provide a rich description of the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially. Desk reviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were used to explore the social impact of the Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city. In addition, a qualitative comparative analysis was used to explore their impact on architectural style and urban sprawl. Findings The results show that changes have occurred on the character of the residential environment resulting in a conversion about the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city both physically, in regard to architectural style, and socially, regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Physically, the city suffers from a decline in the uniformity of the built environment, resulting in a partial loss of its identity as a homogenous place with calm, cohesive residential neighborhoods. On the other hand, the social fabric of the city is losing its homogeneity and solidarity, causing a decline in the sense of community, social cohesion and levels of trust, and a rise in the social tension leading to severe conflicts among community members. Practical implications The different stakeholders should express high concern for the different sources of tensions between the urban Syrian refugee and Al Mafraq host community. They should foster formal and informal communication and promote dialogue between the two communities to improve social relations and reduce the tension between them. The consequences of Syrian asylum on hosting countries present an issue that has been vastly studied by several scholars and international agencies. Research, reports and surveys all denote the negative impact of refugees, especially in cases where resources are scarce, as is the case with Jordan. As a part of such consequences, Al Mafraq city is moving in the wrong direction as a result of the increasing flow of refugees. Originality/value The current discourse about the influence of urban refugees on social and architectural style among host communities lacks veracity. Therefore, the significance of this research is offering an alternative academic view to enrich current knowledge and encourage further discourse research about urban refugees. In addition, this research is a comprehensive and double focused, not just on social inclusion and tensions but on urban environment and architecture. This research is useful for architects, urban designers and planners, sociologists, policymakers and humanitarian and peace-building practitioners in the urban non-camp complex emergency setting.
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Wu, Gang, and Qi Biao Zhuang. "Design Research on the Planning and Architecture of Water Conservancy Control Projects near Urban Waterfront Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.149.
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It is crucial to deal with the relationship between the multiple functions and corresponding natural landscape in the master planning on water conservancy control project. In this paper, master planning of buildings of approaches channel in Zhenjiang water conservancy control projects was taken as an example. The functions of ship navigation, flood control and disaster reduction, water regulate, urban traffic, ancillary services, and other functions that the buildings of water conservancy projects has to meet are analyzed. And the ways to coordinate the relationship among different functions are well taken account. The conception on how to integrate the buildings with the surrounding environment, natural landscape has been probed. The measures and all the trials in the planning could provide a reference for promoting harmonious coexistence of the modern water conservancy project with natural environments.
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Oliynyk, Olena. "FORMATION OF URBAN PUBLIC SPACES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF POSTMODERNISM." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.89-97.
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The article deals with the most characteristic features of postmodernism in architecture and in the formation of urban spaces. Postmodernism in architecture was involved as a solution that would combine the rationality and feasibility of modernism with artistic and design solutions. However, in the postmodern era, the urban environment is gradually losing its historical memory, its importance as an anthropological category and as a place of identity identification.
Urban centers are turning into purely commercial theme parks for tourists. Postmodern space is an urban structure formed by signs that meet the demands of society. The Postmodern City Image is a conglomerate of ideas and images built with the help of visual personality memory.
Rem Koolhaas calls this phenomenon a «Junkspace», built as a conglomeration of ideas, concepts and dreams. This space is designed to please people thanks to whimsical and exaggerated elements: neon, casinos and buildings that combine architectural elements of any age with the intention to create a new architectural style.
Las Vegas is a hypertrophied example of a postmodern city. Its urban landscape leaves facades and walls aside, replacing them with signs and symbols. Such a symbolic place becomes timeless, unrealistic and transit, not intended for everyday life. Space and time in such a city lose their essence. Urban space brings together different elements from other historical, artistic and cultural eras to interpret them as reflecting modernity. The value of images copied from historical reality becomes more important than reality itself. Humanity regards this unreal world as an idealized model of society, parallel to the one that actually exists, more attractive and interesting. Thus, the very essence of the architecture, the meaning of which is replaced by temporary advertising symbols, is lost.
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Eshrati, Dorna. "TYPE VERSUS STEREOTYPE: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF US CITIES AND PUBLIC SPACES." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1630.
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In their minds, people have images of places they have never visited. In the twenty-first century, the constant exposure to media has had a great role in shaping people’s perception of foreign places. Despite the revealing aspect of media, they also play an important role in creating misconceptions about other countries. This paper explores international college students’ perceptions of United States cities and public spaces before and after coming to study in the US. It also investigates the role of media and representations in shaping their conceptions or misconceptions of the US. Forty-one Kansas State University international students from different countries participated in an online survey about their perceptions of US building types, infrastructure, and governance/policy regarding the built environment. About 58% of the participants claim that their image of US cities and public spaces changed after studying there; with only 15% claiming that US cities and public built environment are shown “like they are” in their home countries. Small US cities have a poor image in international students’ perceptions in comparison to the rich image of big cities most notably New York City. This paper not only argues that peoples' perceptions of places can change after visiting them in person, but also it highlights the role of media in creating misconceptions about foreign places. The findings can highlight the importance of media in managing city branding.
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Vityuk, E. Yu, and Zh E. Umorina. "NATURAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PRINCIPLE OF CONFORMATION IN ARCHITECTURE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 4 (August 29, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-4-55-64.
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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify effective ways of architectural form making of public facilities using an ecological approach. This is due to a new role of architecture in the urban sustainable development through the creation of aesthetically attractive and functional comfortable and safe environment. A special attention is paid to economic efficiency of objects, namely cost reduction in building construction and operation. This goal can be achieved through the improvement of design and construction technologies, development of the construction material industry, and interdisciplinary approach to the problem solution which implies the collaboration of specialists. Methodology/approach: Analytical, synergetic and inductive approaches are used in these studies. Based on the identification of particular cases of the new approach to the application of living nature in architecture and construction and their analysis and systematization, an algorithm of creating architectural objects is developed using natural technologies. The fields of their application are indicated within the architectural theory and practice. Form making experiments are carried out using natural technologies utilized by foreign specialists. Findings: Natural technologies can be systemized in the following way: – a living being as a prototype of an architectural object (external form, architectural bionics); – construction technology used by a living being as a prototype of building technologies in architecture (principle of space organization and structure formation); – a living being as a builder of architectural objects (e.g. use of bacteria as a building material); – a living being as a source of building material (objects produced by living beings, such as shells, chitin, silk thread, etc.). It is found that this approach is being intensively developed by foreign architects and designers jointly with other specialists (engineers, biologists, etc.), but has no spheres of application as well as related centers in Russia. Results: Natural technologies are very important for the transition to a model of sustainable urban development, since their use improves the ecological situation, provides efficient use of natural resources and reduces construction costs. A research group should be created for studying the foreign experience in using natural technologies for the development of research program on implementing this approach in Russia. Practical implications: Research results can be readily used for subsequent studies on similar or related topics; in the academic process for training architects; in real design of ecoarchitectural creative spaces and objects, which will positively affect the development of green economy in Russia. This approach can be applied in different regions and climatic zones of the world with its adaptation to local conditions, because it is a universal design method with mandatory application of the creative approach. Originality/value: The originality of research lies in the architectural typology modification connected with form making, planning and design concepts. Systematization of local knowledge and experiments is provided by construction materials and technologies. Theorization of the new pre-design and design methods can be identified as a natural technology approach.
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Oktay, Derya. "Urban Transformation and Identity in Samsun, Turkey: A Future Outlook." Open House International 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2019-b0005.
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In the last few decades, the increasing urban population and heterogeneous quality, the expansion of urban areas, the intensification of developments within existing cities, the continued proliferation of the high rise and other intensive building types, the deterioration of both natural and cultural resources, and the results of the recent struggles for international capital as secure and favorite places has been threatening the image and identity of cities more than ever. In this context, the concepts of transformation and identity, which in turn reflect on urban sustainability, need to be rein-tegrated into the agenda of planners and designers. As cities are always changing and evolving in response to social, economic and political forces, the urban environment has to be considered in a time-based perspective identifying the changes in the local context. In line with these, this paper searches for urban identity in the case of samsun, a symbolic city which has played an important role on the development of modern Turkey, where transformations are dramatic. As the general understanding and the majority of the literature have been restricted to the perspective of form and other physical issues, and neglected to consider the social dimension of environment, which in turn brings about standardized ‘urban design guide' or ‘make-up' type solutions, this will enable the paper to have a holistic framework dealing with all aspects of transformation and provide the reader with a broad-based and innovative perspective towards the vision of cities with place identity.
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Clarke, Dick. "What Role Place and Localness in the Design of Sustainable Buildings?" Journal of Green Building 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.2.20.
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Is “the new modernism” in domestic architecture—sometimes called “internationalism”—a useful step on the road toward sustainable buildings? Mindless recreations of traditional forms from other times and places are no better, as many writers have noted, but any building's natural and cultural context must play a fundamental role in the design, materials selection, and even the detailing, if sustainability is to be more readily achieved. The role of place-based planning has been well researched and reported (Clarke 2006; Mant 1998, 2000; NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 2001). Less well understood is the role of “localness” in building design. This informs the overall form of buildings, and their detailing, as well as their technical functionality. A local understanding stems from a sense of materials, climate, and indigenous or local culture, and informs the design process at every level. In this article, the position of internationalist domestic architecture (espoused in glossy architecture publications) is criticised, drawing also on previous research (a case study of the outcomes of a place-based planning instrument, by the author, and a joint paper on locality-based design written jointly with Trevor King). The internationalist design approach is shown not to provide culturally appropriate or technically sustainable buildings.
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González Gutiérrez, Carmen. "The Role and Meaning of Religious Architecture in the Umayyad State: Secondary Mosques." Arts 7, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040063.
Full textAbstract:
Historiography and archaeological research have traditionally defined mosques mainly as religious spaces or places to pray, without further specifications. This simplification has usually dominated the analyses of mosques, while other uses or functional aspects of these buildings were put aside. The scarcity of material information available for years to approach these buildings, together with the dominance of the more monumental examples—such as the great mosque of Córdoba—provoked that analyses about other more modest mosques were scarce or almost inexistent. However, in recent decades, the proliferation of real estate building activities has led to the recovery of many new and fresh archaeological data related to other mosques different from the Friday ones. Specifically, in Córdoba, the volume of information recovered has been enormous, and concerns not only mosques as isolated buildings, but also their urban environments, construction processes, and evolution along the centuries. Therefore, in this paper, we offer a summarized overview of the state of the arts about research on mosques in al-Andalus, presenting the main problems and limitations of the topic until now, and also the case of Córdoba and the main results achieved there as a reference for further actions to be undertaken in the rest of the territory.
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Smirnova, O. "PRINCIPLES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION OBJECTS FORMATION." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-61-65.
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The article is devoted to identifying the features of the architectural environment formation of modern re-search and production objects and complexes. A clear terminological apparatus has been developed. The defini-tion of the concept "innovative research and production objects and complexes" is defined. It has been determined that innovative research and production objects and complexes contribute to the formation and development of highly effective modern forms of research and production activities, active interaction of partners in research, production, commercial and other spheres, contributing to the spread of innovations, new approaches, new tech-nologies. The formation criteria of innovative research and production objects and complexes have been deter-mined. Among the main criteria, the author identified the following: by the prevailing type of activity, peculiarities of volumetric-spatial organization, placement within the urban agglomeration, the nature of the building, type of base enterprise. The article defines the typological characteristics of innovative research and production objects and com-plexes. The author found that currently the main types of innovative research and production objects and com-plexes are innovation centers, business incubators, technology parks and technopolises. The article reveals the specifics of the design of innovative research and production objects and complexes. The author determined that the architectural and spatial environment of innovative research and production objects can be represented by a separate building, several buildings or a whole architectural and urban planning complex. Features of shaping of these objects mainly depend on the conditions for the location of there. The article presents the techniques and basic principles of the formation of the architectural and spatial en-vironment of innovative research and production objects and complexes. The use of these techniques and princi-ples will improve the architectural environment of both existing and new innovative research and production objects. Adapt innovative research and production objects and complexes to the social, functional, technical and aesthetic requirements of people which are changing rapidly. Keywords: innovations, research and production objects, differentiation, principles.
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Ünlü, Alper. "Urban Regeneration, Renewal or Rehabilitation What for and for Whom ?" Open House International 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2010-b0006.
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Today central neighborhoods of Istanbul like other cities of Turkey has entered a critical stage in urban preservation and urban regeneration issues. This discussion rather than being an academic argument, it exposes many contradictions about the real life especially in central neighborhoods. The reason for being dilemma for these settings, first, these neighborhoods are typical dilapidated historical environment and they may need urgent decisions for preservation and conservation, second, “the urban transformation law” that we faced for historical environments which is passed from the Turkish Parliament in 2006, coded as 5366. This paper elaborates two set of aspects about the real situation of central neighborhoods. First set is based on the physical and social aspects of the historical environment before the urban regeneration project, the second set of aspects will be related to the aspects of the implementation of the project. The aspects in general sense present insufficiencies in physical and social contexts. These aspects can also be observed in central neighborhoods of Istanbul, like Tarlabasi, Fener, Balat and Zeyrek. The realities which we observed in these neighborhoods force us to conclude that we should rapidly regenerate these neighborhoods that they perceived as the edge of the threshold of “ghetto”. The paper presents contradictions about the aspects of the dilapidated environment, and it also predicts possible aspects in new urban regeneration projects that they might be emerged after application of the new law. The insufficiencies stated in new projects bring out a classical question “does the law coded 5366 efficiently change or regenerate the dilapidated central neighborhoods?”. Will we have better living conditions in central neighborhoods after the implementation of the law coded 5366 ? The paper ends with the discussion on complicated aspects of the central neighborhoods regarding the issues of new living conditions, the implementation of new law and monetary based opportunities for new land or property developers. The paper draws the attention to unseen qualities of the central neighborhoods and it evaluates ongoing manipulations and legal implementations for building blocks based on short term speculations.
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Nekrošius, Liutauras. "ARCHITECTURE AS AN ART COLLECTION: PALANGA CASE / ARCHITEKTŪRA KAIP MENO KOLEKCIJA. PALANGOS ATVEJIS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.732799.
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The trends in Palanga architecture of the second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th century are represented in the National Cultural Heritage List by 10 villas, 14 residential houses, two hotels (Kurhauses of Nemirseta and Palanga), a pharmacy, a spa building, a ship rescue station and a bus station. But such heritage objects reflect the stages in the town development only partially. If the cultural heritage list of Palanga town is treated as a coherent and continuous collection reflecting different stages in architecture and culture of this town (as it should be), it would be relevant to add a few more samples of the mid and second half of the 20th century architecture to the list. Taking into consideration the presence of exclusive Soviet period architectural objects on the list (made according to recommendations of different professional and social communities), and recommendations of the list founders, the following two educational institutions realized less than 50 years ago that these may as well be enrolled as examples of specific historic period and acknowledged artistic style or trend, and as most progressive and/or artistic architectural solutions of the time, to be protected for public information and use purposes: the music school designed by architect I. Likšienė,1981, (Maironio St.8; see Fig. 1) and former Pioneers’ Palace designed by I. Likšienė and G. P. Likša,1985, (now the elementary school, at the address Virbališkės Takas 4; see Fig. 2). These buildings are distinctive examples of contemporary architecture development. At present managed by the local municipality, they are in good physical state, with retained initial qualities of space and volume structure, use of materials, environment and purpose. In the category of accommodation buildings the following may be marked out: the early architectural design works by A. Lėckas, namely, the Žilvinas hotel (Kęstučio St. 34; see Fig. 4, a.), designed and implemented in 1968 as a rest house for 45 guests (21 apartment) on commission of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Lithuania and the Žilvinėlis apartment building for 24 guests implemented in 1970 (Birutės al. 44; see Fig. 4, b.). These objects still owned by the state have been prepared for privatization. Before privatization it is suggested to enroll them on the Cultural Heritage List, identify their valuable qualities, character and level of significance and perform any other required procedures. It is also recommended to make agreements for protection of cultural heritage objects with the new owners of such buildings. The initial protection is also needed for the Rąžė book shop and café building (Vytauto St.84; see Fig. 5) designed by R. V. Kraniauskas in 1967 and considered mature in the artistic sense. The building has retained its small scale, which is characteristic for the resort town, and thus enriches the spatial perspective of the street. Considering its physical shape, functional and aesthetical qualities and the use character, it is also highly recommended to grant the heritage protection status to the administration building Komprojektas (Gintaro St.30,30A; see Fig. 6) designed by G. P. and I. Likša in 1988. The collection of Palanga architecture may also be enriched by the conserved pavilions of the summer reading hall of the National Martynas Mažvydas Library (Vytauto St.72, (1968); see Fig. 7) and Kupeta (S.Daukanto/ S.Dariaus and S.Girėno St., (1969); see Fig. 8) designed by architect A. Čepys; an example of the original concrete plastics, the coffee shop Banga (J. Basanavičius St. 2; see Fig. 10) designed by G. J. Telksnys in 1976–77 and realized in 1979. The present shape and use character of these buildings cause serious threat to their preservation. There is little probability that within the context of the on-going reconstructions traditional acts for enrollment on the heritage list could somehow contribute to the conservation of values of the Vanagupė resort center, the laureate (1984) of prestigious prize by the USSR Council of Ministers (architects A. Lėckas, S. Šarkinas and L. Merkinas; see Fig. 3); the resthouse Guboja implemented only partially in 1976 (in Šventoji, Jūros St 65A., architect. R. Buivydas); resthouse Auska (presently, hotel, Vytauto St.11; architect J. Šipalis, 1977); and the resthouse Šiaulių Tauras (Vytauto St.116, architect G. P. Likša,1983). Nevertheless, the identified architectural, urban, landscape and engineering values of objects and analyzed possible forms for their conservation (ex-situ and in-situ) could become a basis for scientific study of contemporary architecture and urban planning in Palanga resort. Based on their design material, the initial concepts of such objects should be identified and their present as well planned for the future transformations should be analyzed. Such study to be presented publicly (for example, on the National Cultural Heritage List database) could ensure conditions for better understanding of past and present values of the objects, for both, specialists and public at large, and be a highly valuable source of information describing the architecture of the time to be used for information, scientific and professional purposes. Such study may also become a stimulus for preparation of complex regeneration design projects of objects and landscapes, which would comprise the conservation and development needs and add new artistic values. Santrauka Dėl pakitusių politinių, ekonominių ir kultūrinių sąlygų XX a. II pusės architektūros ir urbanistikos kūriniai dažnai nebeatitinka šiandienos naudotojų poreikių ir keliamų reikalavimų. Todėl apleidžiami, griaunami ar reikšmingai kinta. Dėl to ryškėja iniciatyvos siūlyti į KVR įtraukti kuo daugiau šio laikmečio kūrinių. Tačiau XX a. IX dešimtmetyje kultūros paminklais tapę naujosios architektūros kūriniai dėl neraiškios saugojimo strategijos, žmogiškųjų ir finansinių išteklių tvarkybai stokos vis tiek nyksta. Todėl kyla abejonių ar registro plėtra bus veiksminga. Straipsnyje Palangos miesto pavyzdžiu nagrinėjamos galimybės sudaryti vėlyvojo modernizmo architektūros kolekciją. Manoma, kad sistemingas kultūriškai vertingų architektūros objektų rinkinys formuojamas apjungiant skirtingus saugojimo metodus gali paskatinti atsakingas institucijas, vietos ir profesines bendruomenes susitelkti atsakingam architektūros paveldo puoselėjimo ir tvaraus naudojimo procesui.
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Dodd, Melanie. "Duty of Care: Foregrounding The User in Design Practice." Open House International 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2008-b0007.
Full textAbstract:
In areas subject to social and economic disadvantage where resources are scarce, the physical environment of the public realm is often identified as a place for investment by governments - a place where infra-structural improvements to the built environment, funded through government, may reap wider social rewards. In addition, specific social policy ambitions in Australia, within both state government and other welfare agencies, focus on social capital building and community strengthening initiatives. Yet the relationship between these crucial areas of government action - social welfare and community development, and the design of the built environment -is often disconnected. This article describes an experimental pilot study for a prototype community engagement tool aimed at foregrounding the user in design for the public realm. The project, which will devise an innovative methodology for community consultation in areas of neighbourhood renewal and change, operates within the structure of a design studio at RMIT University School of Architecture + Design. The outcome - the Digital Map - is an interactive map website which acts as a mechanism for engaging people in the design of the built environment and the public realm, simultaneously providing a platform for social connected-ness and networking within the community. Embedded links to a repository of one-person film narratives, means that the map is an ongoing device for community participation: a transparent and open-ended alternative to the limitations of consultation through questionnaire, and a mechanism for building sustainable communities.
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Oh, Daniel S. "Building Inter-Personal Competence in Architecture and Urban Design Students through Smart Cities at a Higher Education Institution." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 7179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247179.
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As the smart city concept and applications continue to evolve, traditional architects and urban designers are facing an increasingly uncertain future. This paper outlines an innovative educational format to bolster and perpetuate the interdisciplinary nature of architects and urban designers that resonates with both sustainable development (SD) and smart cities (SCs). By applying ‘connective knowledge’ to the concept of interdisciplinarity education, a method was established that uses the SC concept to expand upon and create a bridge between distant disciplines in the context of higher education sustainable development (HESD). As a complementary educational pedagogy to the ‘whole institution approach’ to reduce barriers in higher education institutions (HEIs), this paper highlights an opportunity to apply the SC concept as a basis to construct an interdisciplinary design workshop to focus on building inter-personal competence, targeting university-level students majoring in architecture and urban design. The design workshop used microcontrollers and sensors as these are scalable and easily learnt building blocks of the Internet of Things and SCs. The inter-disciplinary workshop ran for 16 weeks with 14 students majoring in architecture and urban design and electrical engineering. Based on interviews and course evaluations, the experiment was vetted using capacities of inter-personal competence in sustainable development. A series of insights and findings from the design workshop indicated positive initial outcomes that were used to form a set of working criteria for the interdisciplinary design workshop. Future work will include structuring empirical data collection and analysis and expanding collaborations with other distant disciplines such as public administration and social innovation, as delineated by the SC concept.
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Forbes, Catherine. "Rebuilding Nepal: traditional and modern approaches, building or diminishing resilience?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-01-2017-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of vernacular architecture and traditional knowledge to building resilience in Nepal and the impact of modernisation on that resilience and architectural diversity. Design/methodology/approach Using an action research approach, including field observations and discussions with local community members, artisans, architects, engineers and other international experts, the study examines the resilience of traditional building typologies to natural hazards in Nepal, including earthquake; the changes that have occurred over time leading to the failure and/or rejection of traditional construction; and a review of post-earthquake reconstruction options, both traditional and modern. Findings Although traditional approaches have been cyclically tested over time, this study found that changes in building materials, technologies, knowledge and skills, access to resources, maintenance practices, urban environments and societal aspirations have all contributed to the popular rejection of vernacular architecture following the earthquakes. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to traditional timber and masonry construction in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding mountain areas. Practical implications To improve resilience the study identifies the need for capacity building in both traditional and modern construction technologies; adoption of approaches that use local materials, knowledge and skills, whilst addressing local timber shortages and access issues; a transparent construction certification system; good drainage; and regular maintenance. Originality/value The study critically evaluates the impact of technological, environmental, social and economic changes over time on the resilience of vernacular housing in Nepal.
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Helmy, Mona. "The Role of Architectural Education in Promoting Urban Heritage: Opportunities and Challenges." Academic Research Community publication 2, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i3.359.
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Today, introducing Urban Heritage into the architectural education curriculum is
becoming an important component of the learning experience. It strengthens the
sense of belonging, national pride, and cultural identity of students as an active and
remarkable part of their history that guides their future. Urban Heritage allows
previous generations a better understanding of their long and rich history. The main
objective for introducing Urban Heritage into the architectural education was to
link heritage practice with teaching and research activities, as well as to create
synergies between the educational activities and the surrounding community in
order to ensure the preservation and the appreciation of the heritage. As part of Hekma School of Design and Architecture, the architecture department at Dar Al- Hekma University reflected its mission “To graduate professionals in the field of architecture and equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills, focusing on sustainable design while preserving the cultural and aesthetic values of Saudi Arabia.” within the curriculum. The mission was materialized through a set of interdisciplinary and co-curricular activities and initiatives for the promotion, conservation and revitalization of urban heritage in Saudi Arabia. Those actions were determined to create a dynamic environment for social, cultural and economic development at large. The plan was also to strengthen students’ appreciation of urban heritage through the sharing and exchanging of knowledge, skills, and experience between the pedagogical activities and the real practices for mutual enrichment.
Often, each activity was dedicated to a given heritage theme. The activities are
structured in thematic subjects covering many areas, such as heritage and
sustainable development, theory and practices of conservation, adaptive re-use of
heritage buildings, inter-disciplinary research investigations, heritage for dialogue,
and reconciliation, among other themes. The creation of the architecture curriculum
in the fields of urban heritage was the first step to share knowledge and competencies, and to encourage professors and students' participation in heritage safeguarding projects. Besides, this program tends to promote inter-cultural dialogues through heritage appreciation.
The paper investigates the challenges associated with studying heritage in
architecture, as well as opportunities for students to be more excited about studying
heritage, develop their skills, and be self-motivated. It is expected that the paper
will analyze Dar Al-Hekma University educational experience in integrating urban
heritage within the architectural education curriculum among other national and
international experiences. It will evaluate related teaching approaches and draw
thoughtful conclusions in order to use this unique pedagogical process and learning
outcomes in enhancing the heritage appreciation and its practices.