Relevant bibliographies by topics / Otariid

Academic literature on the topic 'Otariid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Otariid"

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Boessenecker, Robert W., and Morgan Churchill. "The oldest known fur seal." Biology Letters 11, no. 2 (February 2015): 20140835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0835.

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The poorly known fossil record of fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae) does not reflect their current diversity and widespread abundance. This limited fossil record contrasts with the more complete fossil records of other pinnipeds such as walruses (Odobenidae). The oldest known otariids appear 5–6 Ma after the earliest odobenids, and the remarkably derived craniodental morphology of otariids offers few clues to their early evolutionary history and phylogenetic affinities among pinnipeds. We report a new otariid, Eotaria crypta , from the lower middle Miocene ‘Topanga’ Formation (15–17.1 Ma) of southern California, represented by a partial mandible with well-preserved dentition. Eotaria crypta is geochronologically intermediate between ‘enaliarctine’ stem pinnipedimorphs (16.6–27 Ma) and previously described otariid fossils (7.3–12.5 Ma), as well as morphologically intermediate by retaining an M 2 and a reduced M 1 metaconid cusp and lacking P 2–4 metaconid cusps. Eotaria crypta eliminates the otariid ghost lineage and confirms that otariids evolved from an ‘enaliarctine’-like ancestor.
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Kovacs, Kit M., and D. M. Lavigne. "Maternal investment in otariid seals and walruses." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 1953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-265.

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We examined neonatal size, growth rate during lactation, weaning mass, adult body mass, and the degree of polygyny among fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae) and walruses (Odobenidae). Observed patterns of maternal and sexual investment were compared with those reported for true seals (Phocidae) and for other mammals. There was a strong positive interspecific allometric relationship between mass at birth and maternal mass for otariid species (p < 0.001). The slope of this relationship was significantly different from that for phocid species (p < 0.001). All pinniped data were above the regression line for terrestrial mammals. Lactation was longer and growth rates were slower for otariid and odobenid species than for phocid species. The cyclic foraging pattern of lactating otariids allows for more flexibility in the duration of lactation than is possible in phocids. Such flexibility may serve as a buffer when food is scarce. The longer lactation period of otariids and walruses also permits offspring to develop swimming and foraging skills while still depending on their mothers for energy. The relationship of mass at weaning to maternal mass suggests a greater investment in each neonate in otariids and walruses than in phocids. The large body size and advanced state of development at weaning may be an adaptive response to predation pressure on otariids. Adult male otariids and walruses are larger than females and, in both families, the average birth mass, mass at weaning, and growth rate of male pups are greater than those of females. The ratio of body masses of male pups to female pups at birth and at weaning was not correlated with the degree of adult sexual dimorphism within species, despite a positive correlation between the ratio of body masses of adult males to adult females and the degree of polygyny across otariid species.
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Churchill, Morgan, and Robert W. Boessenecker. "Taxonomy and biogeography of the Pleistocene New Zealand sea lionNeophoca palatina(Carnivora: Otariidae)." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 2 (March 2016): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.15.

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AbstractThe Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions) are an important and highly visible component of Southern Hemisphere marine mammal faunas. However, fossil material of Southern Hemisphere otariids is comparatively rare and often fragmentary. One exception is the Pleistocene sea lionNeophoca palatinaKing, 1983a, which is known from a nearly complete skull from the North Island of New Zealand. However, the phylogenetic affinities of this taxon are poorly known, and comparisons with other taxa have been limited. We provide an extensive redescription ofNeophoca palatinaand diagnose this taxon using a morphometric approach. Twenty measurements of the skull were collected forN. palatina, as well as for all extant Australasian otariids and several fossilNeophoca cinereaPerón, 1816. Using principal component analysis, we were able to segregate taxa by genus, andN. palatinawas found to cluster withNeophocaaccording to overall size of the skull as well as increased width of the intertemporal constriction and interorbital region.N. palatinacan be distinguished from all other Australasian otariids by its unusually broad basisphenoid. Discriminant function analysis supported referral ofNeophoca palatinatoNeophocawith very high posterior probability. These results confirm the treatment ofNeophoca palatinaas a distinct species ofNeophocaand highlight the former broad distribution and greater tolerance for colder temperatures of this genus. These results also suggest that New Zealand may have played a pivotal role in the diversification of Southern Hemisphere otariid seals.
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Wierucka, Kaja, Benjamin J. Pitcher, Robert Harcourt, and Isabelle Charrier. "The role of visual cues in mother–pup reunions in a colonially breeding mammal." Biology Letters 13, no. 11 (November 2017): 20170444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0444.

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Parental care is an important factor influencing offspring survival and adult reproductive success in many vertebrates. Parent–offspring recognition ensures care is only directed to filial young, avoiding the costs of misallocated resource transfer. It is essential in colonial mammal species, such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions), in which repeated mother–offspring separations increase the risk of misdirecting maternal effort. Identification of otariid pups by mothers is known to be multi-modal, yet the role of visual cues in this process remains uncertain. We used three-dimensional visual models to investigate the importance of visual cues in maternal recognition of pups in Australian sea lions ( Neophoca cinerea ). We showed that the colour pattern of pup pelage in the absence of any other sensory cues served to attract the attention of females and prompt investigation. Furthermore, females were capable of accurately distinguishing between models imitating the age-class of their own pup and those resembling older or younger age-classes. Our results suggest that visual cues facilitate age-class discrimination of pups by females and so are likely to play an important role in mother–pup reunions and recognition in otariid species.
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Neises, Victoria M., Shawna A. Karpovich, Mandy J. Keogh, and Stephen J. Trumble. "Examination of Blubber Fatty Acids in Pregnant and Lactating Alaskan Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)." Aquatic Mammals 48, no. 4 (July 15, 2022): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.48.4.2022.362.

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Pregnancy and lactation are energetically expensive for female mammals and greatly influence the evolution of species-specific reproductive strategies. Phocid (“true” seals) lactation is generally short in duration and relies heavily on stored energy, whereas otariid (sea lions and fur seals) lactation is generally much longer, and energy is supplemented by foraging. While a phocid, the smaller body size of the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) is assumed to preclude the maintenance of lactation solely from stored energy. For this reason, their lactation strategy is believed intermediate to that of otariids and phocids. The purpose of this study was to characterize blubber fatty acids (FAs) of pregnant and lactating harbor seals and determine if lactating blubber FA profiles more closely resemble phocids or otariids. Blubber FA differences between female reproductive states (lactating, n = 18; pregnant, n = 7; non-lactating–non-pregnant, n = 17), mother–pup pairs (n = 6), and families (otariid, n = 3; phocid, n = 3) were evaluated using permutation analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Compared to lactating females, pregnant harbor seals had elevated polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and decreased monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in their blubber, suggesting pregnant harbor seals may prioritize PUFA storage in the blubber. Additionally, when compared to their pregnant counterparts, lactating harbor seals had lower PUFA, as well as saturated FAs (SFAs) and MUFA ≤ 16C, suggesting lactating harbor seals may utilize blubber FAs similar to other phocids. Lastly, while blubber SFA and MUFA concentrations may be conserved among pinniped families, PUFA concentrations among lactating phocids and otariids appear to be similar, suggesting lactating species may selectively mobilize PUFA from the blubber in a similar way despite family or lactation strategy. Understanding how family and body size influence the lactation strategy of a species provides greater insight into the physiological and behavioral limitations a species may have to both internal and external forces during such a critical time in its life history.
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Bastida, Ricardo, Viviana Quse, María Paz Martinoli, and Atilio Francisco Zangrando. "First record of tuberculosis lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds. New aspects of the pre-european origin of human tuberculosis in South America and dissemination mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii in the Southern Hemisphere." Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37603/2250.7728.v24.n3.28917.

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In 2003 Mycobacterium pinnipedii was described as responsible for producing tuberculosis (TB) in living otariid pinnipeds from Argentina and Australia. It is the only member of marine origin within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which also affects other domestic and wild mammals, and humans. Based on several pre-Columbian records of human tuberculosis in South America, in 2010-2011 a new hypothesis about the origin of this zoonosis through otariid pinnipeds arose. In 2014, this hypothesis was confirmed based on the study of ancient DNA from three mummies (700-1,000 years BP) of the Chiribaya culture (Peru). Since there were no records of TB bone lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds from South America and the rest of the world, our study aimed at examining zooarchaeological samples of pinnipeds from coastal sites of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), being the oldest Túnel I (6,400-4,300 years BP). A total of 4,138 vertebrae were analyzed, of which 0.46 % showed lesions compatible with TB. In addition, we propose a new hypothesis on possible mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii dissemination that would explain the transmission routes to the different otariid pinniped species of the Southern Hemisphere. Mycobacterium pinnipedii is one of the most aggressive mycobacteria of the MTBC and of high risk for humans.
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Brunner, Sylvia, Michael M. Bryden, and Peter D. Shaughnessy. "Cranial ontogeny of otariid seals." Systematics and Biodiversity 2, no. 1 (August 2004): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477200004001367.

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Dellinger, T., and F. Trillmich. "Estimating diet composition from scat analysis in otariid seals (Otariidae): is it reliable?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-269.

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Analysis of teleost sagittal otoliths contained in scats has been widely used to determine the diet of seals. This method is based on the assumption that relative frequencies of otoliths in scats faithfully reflect those offish in the diet. This assumption has rarely been tested experimentally. We compared the ratios of herring (Clupea harengus) to sprat (Sprattus sprattus) otoliths in faeces (output) of captive California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) with the ratios at feeding (input). Sea lions and fur seals showed no consistent differences in recovery rates and partial digestion of otoliths. Output ratios deviated only slightly from input ratios, the smaller sprat otoliths being underrepresented in the output by 8%. Only about 40% of the otoliths fed to the seals were found in the scats. For both species partial digestion of otoliths led to a 16% underestimation of fish length and a 35% underestimation of fish mass.
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Velez-Juarbe, Jorge. "Eotaria citrica, sp. nov., a new stem otariid from the “Topanga” formation of Southern California." PeerJ 5 (February 23, 2017): e3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3022.

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A new taxon of stem otariid,Eotaria citricasp. nov., is described from the upper Burdigalian to lower Langhian “Topanga” formation of Orange County, California. The new species is described from mandibular and dental remains that show a unique combination of plesiomorphic and derived characters. Specifically, it is characterized by having trenchant and prominent paraconid cusps in p3–m1, lingual cingula of p2–4 with faint crenulations, premolars and molars with vestigial metaconid, bilobed root of m2 and a genial tuberosity located under p3. Furthermore, additional material of the contemporaneousEotaria cryptais described, providing new information on the morphology of this taxon. Both species ofEotariarepresent the earliest stem otariids, reinforcing the hypothesis that the group originated in the north Eastern Pacific Region. At present, the “Topanga” Fm. pinniped fauna includesEotaria citrica,Eotaria crypta, the desmatophocidAllodesmussp., the odobenidsNeotheriumsp.,Pelagiarctossp. and includes the oldest records of crown pinnipeds in California. Overall this pinniped fauna is similar to the nearly contemporaneous Sharktooth Hill bonebed. However, unambiguous records ofEotariaare still missing from Sharktooth Hill. This absence may be due to taphonomic or paleoenvironmental factors. The new “Topanga” record presented here was integrated into an overview of the late Oligocene through early Pleistocene pinniped faunas of Southern California. The results show an overall increase in body size over time until the Pleistocene. Furthermore, desmatophocids were the largest pinnipeds during the middle Miocene, but were extinct by the beginning of the late Miocene. Odobenids diversified and became the dominant pinnipeds in late Miocene through Pleistocene assemblages, usually approaching or exceeding 3 m in body length, while otariids remained as the smallest taxa. This pattern contrasts with modern assemblages, in which the phocidMirounga angustirostrisis the largest pinniped taxon in the region, odobenids are extinct and medium and small size ranges are occupied by otariids or other phocids.
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Hernández-Orts, J. S., F. E. Montero, A. Juan- García, N. A. García, E. A. Crespo, J. A. Raga, and F. J. Aznar. "Intestinal helminth fauna of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens and fur seal Arctocephalus australis from northern Patagonia, Argentina." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 3 (September 12, 2012): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000454.

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AbstractWe report on the intestinal helminth fauna of 56 South American sea lions, Otaria flavescens, and 5 South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis, from northern Patagonia, Argentina. A total of 97,325 helminth specimens were collected from sea lions. Gravid individuals were represented by 6 species of parasites: 1 digenean (Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) patagoniensis), 1 cestode (Diphyllobothrium spp.), 3 nematodes (Uncinaria hamiltoni, Contracaecum ogmorhini s.s., Pseudoterranova cattani) and 1 acanthocephalan (Corynosoma australe). In addition, third-stage larvae of 2 nematodes (Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. type I) and 3 juvenile acanthocephalans (Andracantha sp., Profilicollis chasmagnathi and Corynosoma cetaceum) were also collected. Andracantha sp., C. ogmorhini s.s. and P.chasmagnathi represent new host records. A total of 1516 helminth specimens were collected from fur seals. Gravid individuals were represented by three species of parasites, namely, Diphyllobothrium spp., C. ogmorhini s.s. and C. australe. In addition, larvae of Contracaecum sp. and P. cattani, juveniles of C. cetaceum and immature cestodes (Tetrabothriidae gen. sp.) were also collected. Corynosoma australe was the most prevalent and abundant parasite in both hosts, accounting for >90% of all specimens. Sea lions and furs seals from northern Patagonia harbour the intestinal helminth communities that could be predicted for otariids, i.e. the combination of species of the genera Corynosoma, Diphyllobothrium, Pseudoterranova, Contracaecum and, in pups, Uncinaria. Additionally, both species of otariid are apparently unsuitable hosts (i.e. non-hosts) for as many as five parasite taxa. The inclusion or exclusion of these species affects estimation of species richness at both component community (11 versus 6 species in sea lions; 7 versus 3 species in fur seals) and infracommunity (mean: 3.1 versus 2.6 in sea lions; 2.2 versus 1.7 species) levels. Information about the reproductive status of helminth species is often lacking in parasitological surveys on otariids and other marine vertebrates, but it is of significance to improve precision in parascript studies or ecological meta-analyses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Otariid"

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Browne, Patience. "Some aspects of the reproductive physiology of otariid pinnipeds /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.
Degree granted in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Sanfelice, Daniela. "Ontogenia craniana comparada de Arctocephalus australis, Callorhinus ursinus e Otaria byronia (Otariidae: Pinnipedia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15623.

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The search for mechanisms that can generate major morphological changes has led to the study of ontogeny, in part because some kinds of modifications of ontogenies seem an excelent way to generate major phenotypic change. We focus here on Arctocephlaus australis, Callorhinus ursinus and Otaria byronia with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the origin, structure and temporal patterns of otarid morphological diversity. The pattern of change in shape during postnatal development in otarid skull was studied and described by geometric and traditional morphometrics. Our aims are: to compare the skull ontogeny of the species invocated in identifying and in describing shape alterations in the skull; to evaluate and to describe comparatively the sexual dimorphism and disparity during the ontogeny; to study the covariance between size and shape in relationship with age-groups; to investigate the changes in the ontogeny and their relationships with the evolution of the Otariidae Family; to analyze the conservation of ontogenetic trajectories over time, between sexes and among species; to characterize growth trajectories and to compare them among taxa with respect to isometry; to describe the parameters of growth and development of the focused species and to compare the two different approaches employed. Using traditional morphometrics, the allometry vectors for all species were significantly different from isometry. Dimorphism in the allometric vector is observed only in O. byonia and the difference between males and females of the fur seals are related with adult body size. The comparisons species/sex groups revealed similar vectors (any significant shape disassociation are verified in the inter-specific analyzes), suggesting lower plasticity of the ontogenies. Using geometrical methods, the dimorphism is more conspicuous in adult shapes but this is not true for the level of disparity between sexes of O. byronia. Although that dimorphism is linked with size this is not only a question of scaling or allometry (which is present in the morphogenesis of all species, especially in O. byronia). Additionally, the slopes of changes in shape related with size increase are different in A. australis and O. byronia, but are equal in C. ursinus, which is the smaller species. We suggest post-displacement as one of the factors that could have acted in the origin of the sexual dimorphism in the skull of C. ursinus. Heterochrony, perhaps is present in the roots of the modifications suffered by the ontogeny of A. australis and O. byronia too, considering the differences in the rates of development between the sexes of both species (and overall in O. byronia), but surely repatterning allometric is involved too in these cases. We verified that ontogenies can not be summarized by a single linear vector in any analyzed group, where C. ursinus ontogeny is the more linear and O. byronia the more multi-dimensional species among the 3 that we had examined. Shape changes in the otarids studied here are more related with size than with age and any of the species share a common growth allometry or a common ontogenetic trajectory/pattern. In the same way, shapes at onset or offset are not the same in any case. When the three species are pooled together, initial shapes are always very different among the species and the distances between shapes increase with time almost independently from size. On the other hand, when the complete samples are considered, all the ontogenetic trajectories are significantly different in the directions of the allometric vectors during ontogeny. Ontogenetic trajectories differ significantly among almost all the pairs compared, except for the trajectories of A. australis and C. ursinus males. They are no more different than expected by chance considering the range of angles within each sample. A similar pattern is found when the subadults are compared between pairs of species and when we compare adult males of A. australis with adult males of O. byronia. The juveniles are no more different than expected by chance (correlation between ontogenies in that phase is equal to one), excepti between C. ursinus and O. byronia. The ontogenetic trajectory of C. ursinus is the shorter and of O. byronia is the longer being almost three times longer than the former. A. australis has an intermediary length of ontogenetic trajectory. For the sample comprising all three species disparity increase significantly over ontogeny since the disparity of the adults is near the two times of the disparity between juveniles. For any ontogenetic stage, O. byronia is the species that contributes for the disparity of the all group, followed by C. ursinus. When we consider the three species together, the pattern of disparity do not change a lot during ontogeny. Ontogenies examined herein are clearly not constrained and perhaps the differences in patterns have additive effects in the differentiation of the ontogenies. Whether ontogenetic trajectories are linear or curve could be a function of developmental timing or more specifically it could depend on the age at which allometries stabilize in post-natal ontogenies. Otherwise, the amount of differences between species in the ontogenies is in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships. Finally, we addressed basically the following questions: Is onset time the same in the species? Is offset time the same in these species? Does growth rate differ between the species. The answer to those questions could be summarized by the conclusion. but we conclude that the changes in otarids skull ontogenies had occurred in spatial and temporal terms.
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Drehmer, César Jaeger. "Variação geográfica em Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820) (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) com base na morfometria sincraniana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8135.

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Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820), o leão-marinho sul-americano é uma espécie de otarídeo amplamente distribuída pela costa da América do Sul. No oceano Atlântico estende-se desde o sul do Brasil, passando pelo Uruguai até o sul da Argentina e no oceano Pacífico, ao longo das costas do Chile e do Peru. Estudos prévios indicam a possibilidade de existência de diferenças geográficas entre as unidades populacionais dessa espécie. No presente trabalho objetiva-se identificar a existência de variação geográfica e avaliar a intensidade da mesma. Para tal, utilizou-se a morfometria sincraniana com base em morfometria tradicional – 41 medidas abrangendo o crânio e o dentário e também a técnica da morfometria geométrica com base na configuração de marcos anatômicos para quatro vistas distintas – dorsal, palatal, lateral e mandibular medial. Utilizaram-se apenas espécimes adultos identificados através do comprimento côndilo-basal. Machos e fêmeas foram tratados separadamente devido ao intenso dimorfismo sexual na morfologia sincraniana. Utilizaram-se inicialmente testes t para identificar diferenças entre os grupos, dividindo-os de acordo com a distribuição geográfica das unidades populacionais, gerando um total de 4: Atlântico Segmento I (Sul do Brasil Uruguai e província de Buenos Aires), Atlântico Segmento II (Patagônia da Argentina), Pacífico Segmento I (Peru) e Pacífico Segmento II (Chile). Através de uma ANOVA sobre as medidas tradicionais e sobre o tamanho do centróide, bem como de uma MANOVA sobre a configuração de marcos anatômicos, foi possível identificar diferenças nas médias desses quatro grupos. Caracterizou-se uma forte variação geográfica, onde a variação entre os grupos sempre foi maior do que a variação dentro dos grupos. As diferenças entre os grupos de fêmeas do Pacífico são maiores do que as diferenças entre os grupos do Atlântico; já em machos as diferenças entre os grupos do Pacífico foram menores do que entre os grupos do Atlântico. Quando analisados em conjunto os dados das unidades populacionais do Pacífico em comparação com o Atlântico, estas diferenças permanecem. Utilizando técnicas exploratórias como Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise Discriminante, tanto para morfometria tradicional quanto para morfometria geométrica, foi possível caracterizar as unidades populacionais de forma mais consistente, bem como mensurar as diferenças entre estas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam as diferenças encontradas nas análises anteriores. A morfometria craniana indica a existência de quatro unidades populacionais para Otaria byronia, duas no Pacífico e duas no Atlântico, sem que haja isolamento geográfico entre estes grupos, uma vez que tanto a corrente das Malvinas no Atlântico como a corrente de Humboldt no Pacífico são grandes vias de deslocamento entre estas unidades populacionais, bem como o extremo-sul da América do Sul no qual os canais do Estreito de Magalhães não devem ser barreira para o intercâmbio, ainda que limitado, de indivíduos entre os oceanos. Este intercâmbio está diretamente relacionado com a capacidade de dispersão de machos e fêmeas e com aspectos da dinâmica populacional desta espécie. Algumas limitações, entretanto, impedem que se avance em direção a alguma conclusão taxonômica em nível de subespécies, embora a craniometria esteja a indicar uma clara tendência à separação das unidades populacionais, especialmente quando comparadas as do Atlântico com as do Pacífico.
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Verrier, Delphine. "Extreme fasting in subantartic fue seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups : Physiological adaptations and ecological implications." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13197.

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Ce travail examine les adaptations énergétiques, métaboliques, hormonales et comportementales mises en oeuvre lors des jeûnes répétés et prolongés auxquels le petit de l'Otarie d'Amsterdam doit faire face au cours de ses dix mois de croissance. Une attention particulière est portée à l'ontogénèse de ces adaptations. Le rôle clef de l'épargne énergétique et du stockage de réserves lipidiques est mis en évidence, de même qu'une très forte épargne des protéines corporelles qui ne contribuent qu'à 2% de la dépense d'énergie lors du jeûne. Parmi les différentes hormones considérées (hormones thyroïdiennes, cortisol, glucagon, insuline et leptine), le rôle de la leptine comme médiateur de l'adaptation au jeûne est pour la première fois mis en évidence chez un animal sauvage (autre que primates et rongeurs). Les capacités de résistance au jeûne augmentent avec l'âge, grâce à une réduction de la dépense énergétique et de l'activité comportementale, et aussi suite à une optimisation du niveau d'épargne protéique associée à une augmentation de l'adiposité. L'ensemble des résultats permet de comprendre comment les stratégies alimentaires maternelles pourraient être contraintes par ces changements ontogéniques de la tolérance au jeûne du petit. En outre, les compromis dévelopementaux imposés par les conflits énergétiques entre la croissance et les jeûnes répétés ont été étudiés à travers l’ontogénèse des capacités de plongée, afin d’estimer le coût, en terme d’histoire de vie, de restrictions alimentaires sévères au cours du dévelopement ainsi que leurs implications écologiques
The objectives of my thesis were to investigate the physiological and behavioural adaptations displayed by subantarctic fur seal pups in response to the repeated extended fasts they naturally undergo throughout their period of maternal dependence. Fasting energetics, associated endocrine changes and behavioural activity were examined in order to understand the adaptive mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of extreme fasting abilities in these animals. The adoption of an efficient strategy of energy conservation, fat storage and protein sparing (with body proteins contributing to less than 2% of total energy expenditure) in response to fasting is highlighted. Among the diverse hormones measured (thyroid hormones, cortisol, insulin, glucagon and leptin), the importance of leptin in the regulation of energetic and immune homeostasis in response to changes in nutritional state and body reserves is suggested for the first time in a free-ranging mammal (apart from primates and rodents). In addition, my results show that pup resistance to fasting develops progressively with age depending upon pronounced changes in metabolic rates and body fat stores. As a consequence, maternal foraging strategy could be constrained by ontogenetic changes in pup fasting abilities in this species. Furthermore, the trade-offs imposed by the conflicting demands of growing and surviving food deprivation upon the development of diving abilities and foraging skills were also explored in order to estimate the life history cost of extreme fasting in early life and its ecological implications
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Mison-Jooste, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la biologie des populations de l'otarie à fourrure du Cap (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) : les soins maternels diffèrent-ils en fonction du sexe du jeune ?" Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10079.

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Le premier objectif de ce travail est l'etablissement d'une monographie sur l'otarie a fourrure du cap, explorant les caracteristiques des periodes de reproduction, de gestation et de lactation de cette espece et apportant des resultats originaux en particulier sur la croissance ftale, la duree de gestation, la croissance, la survie juvenile et le sevrage. Cette espece vit dans un environnement regule par le systeme d'upwelling du benguela et la production de ce systeme presente des variations inter-annuelles de tres forte amplitude. Ainsi, en 1994 le reseau trophique du benguela a ete atteint par une perturbation majeure de type el nino et les otaries de namibie ont subi des carences nutritionnelles ayant des consequences demographiques catastrophiques (avortements, mortalite juvenile et adulte entrainant la perte d'un tiers de la population). Ces conditions naturelles constituent des conditions analogues a des conditions experimentales permettant de tester l'hypothese selon laquelle pour une espece polygyne et sexuellement dimorphique, l'investissement maternel devrait differer en fonction du sexe du descendant. Dans le but d'etudier les strategies biodemographiques de l'otarie a fourrure du cap, les jeunes de cette espece ont ete observes sur le terrain pendant deux ans. Cette etude montre que les jeunes males presentent une masse et une croissance plus fortes que les femelles. La difference de masse a la naissance est limitee par la disponibilite des ressources ce qui indique que la gestation d'un ftus male necessite plus d'energie que celui d'un ftus femelle. Ceci suppose que cette difference provienne d'une difference de quantite d'energie transmise de la mere au jeune et non d'une difference d'utilisation de l'energie par le jeune. Des reponses au jeune similaires pour les deux sexes confortent cette hypothese. Les resultats sont replaces dans le contexte general biologique des pinnipedes.
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Ream, Rolf R. "Molecular ecology of North Pacific Otariids : genetic assessment of north fur seal and Steller sea lion distributions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5293.

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Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do leão-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5319.

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We investigated the population structure of the Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens), an otariid widely distributed along the Pacific and Atlantic coast of South America, which was heavily harvested during the two last centuries. Despite its wide distribution and interactions with fishing activities, few works evaluated the genetic differences and structuring along the species distribution. Here we used both microsatellite (10 loci) and mtDNA markers to evaluate the population structure and evolutionary history of the species. We found significant structuring between Pacific and Atlantic populations that corresponds to two reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial lineages separated since early Pleistocene, indicating extreme female phylopatry. We also found significant genetic structure between intra-oceanic breeding sites. Microsatellites analyses also found the populations from the two oceans as significantly different with several private alleles, although very small inter-oceanic gene flow mediate by males could not be discarded. Our results show that the species did not suffer recently any significant reduction of its genetic diversity. Our findings strongly support that O. flavescens Atlantic and Pacific populations are two evolutionary significant units (ESUs) and that intra-oceanic breeding colonies should also be managed separately.
Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do leão-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribuído ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico na América do Sul, e que foi extremamente caçado durante os dois últimos séculos. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e interações com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferenças genéticas e estruturação ao longo da distribuição da espécie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssatélites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e história evolutiva da espécie. Encontramos estruturação significativa entre as populações dos oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofiléticas, separadas desde o início do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das fêmeas. Também encontramos estruturação genética significativa intra-oceânica entre diferentes sítios de reprodução. A análise dos microssatélites também demonstrou que as populações dos dois oceanos são significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo gênico inter-oceânico através dos machos não pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a espécie não sofreu recentemente nenhuma redução significativa na sua diversidade genética. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as populações de O. flavescens do Pacífico e do Atlântico são duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as colônias de reprodução em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
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Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do le?o-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/176.

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Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do le?o-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribu?do ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atl?ntico e Pac?fico na Am?rica do Sul, e que foi extremamente ca?ado durante os dois ?ltimos s?culos. Apesar de sua ampla distribui??o e intera??es com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferen?as gen?ticas e estrutura??o ao longo da distribui??o da esp?cie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssat?lites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e hist?ria evolutiva da esp?cie. Encontramos estrutura??o significativa entre as popula??es dos oceanos Pac?fico e Atl?ntico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofil?ticas, separadas desde o in?cio do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das f?meas. Tamb?m encontramos estrutura??o gen?tica significativa intra-oce?nica entre diferentes s?tios de reprodu??o. A an?lise dos microssat?lites tamb?m demonstrou que as popula??es dos dois oceanos s?o significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo g?nico inter-oce?nico atrav?s dos machos n?o pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a esp?cie n?o sofreu recentemente nenhuma redu??o significativa na sua diversidade gen?tica. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as popula??es de O. flavescens do Pac?fico e do Atl?ntico s?o duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as col?nias de reprodu??o em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
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Charrier, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance vocale entre la mère et son jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10104.

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La reconnaissance mère-jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis, se fait essentiellement par les signaux acoustiques. Face aux sévères contraintes écologiques (milieu colonial, longues séparations mère-jeune), cette espèce a développé de nombreuses adaptations dans les processus de reconnaissance vocale. Des expériences de play-back ont révélé que le bébé otarie était capable de reconnaître la voix de sa mère 2 à 5 jours après sa naissance, sa mère attendant toujours que cet apprentissage soit en place pour partir en mer. L'analyse du système de codage-décodage de l'identité individuelle a démontré que la femelle et son petit utilisent les modulations de fréquence et le spectre d'énergie du signal afin de s'identifier dans la colonie. Cette signature vocale est particulièrement efficace puisqu'elle repose sur deux paramètres (sécurité du code) dont un est particulièrement résistant aux dégradations en un milieu bruité. Les contraintes environnementales agissent à d'autres niveaux dans la communication acoustique. En effet, d'autres expériences de play-back ont démontré que les jeunes, durant l'absence de leur mère, modifiaient leur comportement vocal en fonction de leur état de satiété. Enfin, chez les femelles, les contraintes de reconnaissance du petit sont telles que la mémorisation du cri de leur petit est très puissante : elles sont capables de retenir ces différentes versions pendant toute une saison, et probablement pendant plusieurs années.
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Silva, Ana Paula da. "Organização e arquitetura microscópica do sistema tegumentar do Lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis, Zimmermann, 1783)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-08012009-091944/.

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O lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis) membro da Ordem Carnivora, é comumente visto nos períodos de outono e inverno na costa brasileira do Rio Grande do Sul até o Rio de Janeiro, porém, sem colônias reprodutivas estabelecidas. A espécie pertence ao grupo dos pinípedes, carnívoros com membros em forma de nadadeiras que vivem em ambiente aquático e terrestre. Estudos sobre a morfologia da pele em pinípedes são raros e antigos, destes procederam muitos relatos divergentes, em virtude da colheita da pele sem referências anatômicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o sistema tegumentar da espécie Arctocephalus australis, utilizando animais que vieram a óbito por causas naturais de uma colônia reprodutiva do Uruguai. As áreas corporais colhidas dorso-ventralmente foram identificadas anatomicamente. Essas regiões foram examinadas por microscopia óptica, segundo critérios histológicos, histomorfométricos, histoquímicos e imuno-histoquímicos nas diferentes estruturas que constituem o sistema tegumentar. A pele do Arctocephalus australis apresentou diferenças entre as regiões de epiderme delgada e espessa. A epiderme delgada apresentou maior quantidade de pêlos do que a epiderme espessa, a qual em algumas regiões era destituída destes. Como os demais mamíferos, a pele do lobo-marinho-sul-americano apresentou glândulas sebáceas, glândulas sudoríparas apócrinas e merócrinas. As nadadeiras apresentaram o maior número de especializações entre as regiões do corpo estudadas, especialmente vinculadas à termorregulação, como o maior volume de glândulas sudoríparas e secções vasculares. Esta pesquisa apontou os aspectos morfofuncionais relacionados à biologia da espécie em ambientes distintos, e esclareceu alguns dados controversos na literatura sobre o sistema tegumentar em pinípedes.
The South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) members of the Order Carnivora is usually seen during the autumn and winter season in the Brazilian coast from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro, however, there are no reports of reproductive colonies established. The species belongs to the group of pinnipeds, carnivorous with limbs fin-shaped that inhabits both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Studies of the skin morphology are rare and ancient; these studies have arisen many divergent reports, due to sampling of the skin without anatomical references. The purpose of this research was to describe the integumentary system of the species Arctocephalus australis, using animals that came to death by natural cases from reproductive colonies from Uruguay. The body dorsal and ventral regions were identified anatomically. These regions were examined by light microscopy, according to the histological, histomophometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical criteria in the different structures constituting the integumentary system. The skin of the Arctocephalus australis showed differences between the thin and thick epidermis. The thin epidermis showed larger amount of hair follicles than the thicker epidermis, which in some regions was devoid of hair. As well as the other mammals, the South-american-fur-seal skin showed sebaceous glands, apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. The limbs showed the largest number of the specialization among the regions of the body examined, particularly related to thermoregulation, as well as the largest volume fraction of sweat glands and vascular sections. This research pointed the morphofunctional aspects related to biology of the species in different environments, and elucidated some controversial data in the investigation about the integumentary system in pinnipeds.
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Books on the topic "Otariid"

1

Otari. Moskva: ĖKSMO-Press, 2000.

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Campagna, Claudio, and Robert Harcourt, eds. Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7.

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Ramirez, Gustavo Daniel. Rescue of entangled South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens): A report for the Center for Environmental Education. Washington, DC: Center for Environmental Education, 1986.

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The year of the seal. New York, N.Y: Lyons & Burford, 1991.

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P, DeMaster Douglas, Atkinson Shannon, Alaska Sea Grant College Program., National Sea Grant College Program (U.S.), and University of Alaska Fairbanks, eds. Steller sea lion decline: Is it food II : proceedings of the Workshop Is It Food II, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska, May 2001. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 2002.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Environmental Studies (Anchorage, Alaska) and National Marine Mammal Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Status and pelagic distribution of Otariid Pinnipeds in the Bering Sea during winter. [Anchorage, AK: Environmental Studies Section, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region, 1993.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Environmental Studies (Anchorage, Alaska) and National Marine Mammal Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Status and pelagic distribution of Otariid Pinnipeds in the Bering Sea during winter. [Anchorage, AK: Environmental Studies Section, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region, 1993.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Environmental Studies (Anchorage, Alaska) and National Marine Mammal Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Status and pelagic distribution of Otariid Pinnipeds in the Bering Sea during winter. [Anchorage, AK: Environmental Studies Section, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region, 1993.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Alaska OCS Region. and National Marine Mammal Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Status and pelagic distribution of Otariid Pinnipeds in the Bering Sea during winter. 1993.

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Moger, Robin, and Mohammad Rabie. Otared: A Novel. American University in Cairo Press, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Otariid"

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Haulena, Martin. "Otariid Seals." In Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 661–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792919.ch47.

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Gentry, Roger L. "Otariid Ethology: One Researcher’s Historical Perspective." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 3–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_1.

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Hanke, Frederike D., Colleen Reichmuth, and Peter Cook. "The Sensory World of Otariids." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 305–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_16.

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Franco-Trecu, Valentina. "Intergeneric Fertile Hybridization in Otariids." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 243–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_12.

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Charrier, Isabelle. "Vocal Communication in Otariids and Odobenids." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 265–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_14.

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Sepúlveda, Maritza, and Robert G. Harcourt. "Maternal Behavior in Otariids and the Walrus." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 51–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_3.

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Jeanniard-du-Dot, Tiphaine, and Christophe Guinet. "Foraging Capacities, Behaviors and Strategies of Otariids and Odobenids." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 65–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_4.

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Silva, Jorge, David Aparício, and Fernando Silva. "OTARIOS: OpTimizing Author Ranking with Insiders/Outsiders Subnetworks." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 143–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05411-3_12.

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Boness, Daryl J. "Determinants of mating systems in the Otariidae (Pinnipedia)." In The Behaviour of Pinnipeds, 1–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3100-1_1.

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Renouf, Deane. "Sensory reception and processing in Phocidae and Otariidae." In The Behaviour of Pinnipeds, 345–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3100-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Otariid"

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Arnould, J. P. Y., and D. P. Costa. "Sea lions in drag, fur seals incognito: Insights from the otariid deviants." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.22.

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Alava, J. J., and S. Salazar. "Status and conservation of otariids in Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.31.

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Gerpe, M., D. Rodriguez, J. Moreno, R. Bastida, and J. Aizpun. "Heavy metal distribution in southern Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens) from Argentina." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.04.

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Huckstadt, L. A., and T. Antezana. "The diet of Otaria flavescens in Chile: What do we know?" In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.07.

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Muller, G., R. P. Wilson, F. Quintana, and C. Campagna. "Three-dimensional diving behavior of a South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.18.

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Tate-Jones, M. Kellum. "A FORELIMB-DOMINATED SWIMMING MODE IS PLESIOMORPHIC FOR OTARIOID PINNIPEDS (MAMMALIA, CARNIVORA) AS REVEALED BY GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HUMERAL MORPHOLOGY." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-370788.

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Reports on the topic "Otariid"

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Romero, M. Alejandra, M. Florencia Grandi, Juan Ignacio T�nez, C�sar A. Gribaudo, Laura M. Reyes, Mariela Dassis, Natalia PasoViola, and Javier Negrete. Otaria flavescens. En: SAyDS�SAREM (eds.) Categorizaci�n 2019 de los mam�feros de Argentina seg�n su riesgo de extinci�n. Ciudad Aut�noma de Buenos aires: Lista Roja de los mam�feros de Argentina, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.155.

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