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Browne, Patience. "Some aspects of the reproductive physiology of otariid pinnipeds /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2004.Degree granted in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do leão-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5319.
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Previous issue date: 2009We investigated the population structure of the Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens), an otariid widely distributed along the Pacific and Atlantic coast of South America, which was heavily harvested during the two last centuries. Despite its wide distribution and interactions with fishing activities, few works evaluated the genetic differences and structuring along the species distribution. Here we used both microsatellite (10 loci) and mtDNA markers to evaluate the population structure and evolutionary history of the species. We found significant structuring between Pacific and Atlantic populations that corresponds to two reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial lineages separated since early Pleistocene, indicating extreme female phylopatry. We also found significant genetic structure between intra-oceanic breeding sites. Microsatellites analyses also found the populations from the two oceans as significantly different with several private alleles, although very small inter-oceanic gene flow mediate by males could not be discarded. Our results show that the species did not suffer recently any significant reduction of its genetic diversity. Our findings strongly support that O. flavescens Atlantic and Pacific populations are two evolutionary significant units (ESUs) and that intra-oceanic breeding colonies should also be managed separately.
Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do leão-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribuído ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico na América do Sul, e que foi extremamente caçado durante os dois últimos séculos. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e interações com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferenças genéticas e estruturação ao longo da distribuição da espécie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssatélites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e história evolutiva da espécie. Encontramos estruturação significativa entre as populações dos oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofiléticas, separadas desde o início do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das fêmeas. Também encontramos estruturação genética significativa intra-oceânica entre diferentes sítios de reprodução. A análise dos microssatélites também demonstrou que as populações dos dois oceanos são significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo gênico inter-oceânico através dos machos não pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a espécie não sofreu recentemente nenhuma redução significativa na sua diversidade genética. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as populações de O. flavescens do Pacífico e do Atlântico são duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as colônias de reprodução em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
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Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do le?o-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/176.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-10Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do le?o-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribu?do ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atl?ntico e Pac?fico na Am?rica do Sul, e que foi extremamente ca?ado durante os dois ?ltimos s?culos. Apesar de sua ampla distribui??o e intera??es com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferen?as gen?ticas e estrutura??o ao longo da distribui??o da esp?cie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssat?lites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e hist?ria evolutiva da esp?cie. Encontramos estrutura??o significativa entre as popula??es dos oceanos Pac?fico e Atl?ntico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofil?ticas, separadas desde o in?cio do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das f?meas. Tamb?m encontramos estrutura??o gen?tica significativa intra-oce?nica entre diferentes s?tios de reprodu??o. A an?lise dos microssat?lites tamb?m demonstrou que as popula??es dos dois oceanos s?o significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo g?nico inter-oce?nico atrav?s dos machos n?o pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a esp?cie n?o sofreu recentemente nenhuma redu??o significativa na sua diversidade gen?tica. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as popula??es de O. flavescens do Pac?fico e do Atl?ntico s?o duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as col?nias de reprodu??o em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
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Drago, Massimiliano. "Dieta y dinámica poblacional del león marino del sur ("Otaria flavescens") en Patagonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/832.
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El león marino del sur (Otaria flavescens), al igual que otros pinnípedos, fue intensamente perseguido por su piel y grasa. En Patagonia se estima que en la década de 1960, cuando cesó la explotación, la población se había reducido a menos del 10% de su tamaño original y permaneció sin crecer hasta la década de 1980. La reducción drástica de la población de león marino del sur no fue el único impacto humano en el ecosistema marino, ya que simultáneamente al cese de su explotación se inició la pesca industrial que podría haber afectado su recuperación, no sólo por una posible reducción en la disponibilidad de alimento, sino también por un cambio general en el funcionamiento del ecosistema.La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo general determinar hasta qué punto la recuperación del león marino del sur tras el cese de su explotación comercial se ha visto afectada por el desarrollo de la pesca industrial. Para ello se han evaluado los siguientes aspectos: 1) incidencia de la edad, el sexo y el estado reproductivo sobre la dieta, 2) incidencia de la dieta materna y de la dimensión de las colonias sobre el crecimiento y la supervivencia de las crías y 3) efecto de los cambios demográficos a largo plazo sobre la dieta y el crecimiento somático. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran: i) que los machos tienen una dieta más bentónica que las hembras y que el consumo de presas bentónicas incrementa en ambos sexos con la edad, reflejando así que el mayor tamaño asociado a una mayor edad mejora la capacidad de buceo, aunque el aprendizaje también podría jugar un papel importante tras el cese del crecimiento, ii) que las hembras incrementan el consumo de recursos bentónicos costeros después del parto, probablemente para minimizar el tiempo durante el cuál las crías permanecen desatendidas, aunque esta estrategia podría comprometer el crecimiento de las crías ya que una utilización intensiva de recursos bentónicos de menor calidad nutricional tiene un efecto negativo sobre la tasa de crecimiento de las crías, iii) que la tasa de supervivencia y de crecimiento de las crías nacidas en colonias de diferente tamaño se hallan correlacionadas negativamente, siendo la supervivencia mayor en las colonias de mayor tamaño, lo que indica la existencia de densodependencia inversa y revela la importancia del infanticidio en colonias pequeñas, iv) que la contribución relativa de recursos pelágicos de elevada calidad nutricional a la dieta de ambos sexos ha aumentado en paralelo al desarrollo de la pesca industrial, aunque al mismo tiempo se ha producido una ralentización del crecimiento somático, siendo ahora los ejemplares adultos de menor talla que hace tres décadas.
A la luz de estos resultados y teniendo en cuenta que actualmente la población de león marino del sur es aproximadamente un tercio de la población estimada antes de la explotación y que su población crece rápidamente, no parece que el desarrollo de la pesca industrial haya reducido la disponibilidad de presas para el león marino del sur en la Patagonia durante la fase inicial de recuperación demográfica, aunque en la actualidad podría estar reduciendo la capacidad de carga para la especie. Por lo tanto, el estancamiento de su población una vez cesó su explotación no puede atribuirse a una disminución de los recursos alimentarios, sino que probablemente fue debido al incremento de la mortalidad de las crías derivada del pequeño tamaño de las colonias de cría y su desestructuración social, lo que habría incrementando la tasa de infanticidio.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Ecología trófica, Isótopos estables, Densodependencia, Pinnípedos
In Patagonia the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) population was <10% than its original size in the 1960s, when sealing ceased and high-sea fishery development began, and stayed at stasis conditions till the 1980s. The present thesis aims to determine how the fishery development could have affected the sea lion recovery, both for a possible decrease in prey abundance and for the ecosystem upset. The following specific aims were examined: 1) age, sex and reproductive state influence on diet, 2) mother diet and colony size influence on pup growth and survival, 3) long-term demographic change influence on diet and somatic growth. Results point out: i) males have a more benthic diet than females and the benthic prey contribution increases in both sexes with the developmental stage, so indicating the increased body size with age improves the diving skill, though the age-related learning could also play a role after the growth end, ii) females increase the coastal-benthic prey consumption after parturition, likely to reduce the foraging trip duration and hence the time during which pups remain unattended on the beach, though this strategy could affect pup growth since an intensive relying on benthic prey with a lower nutritional quality than off-shore pelagic prey has a negative effect on the pup growth rate, iii) survival and growth rate of pups born in different size colonies are negatively correlated, being the survival rate higher in bigger size colonies, which indicates the existence of an inverse density dependence and reveals the importance of infanticide by subadult males in small colonies, iv) the relative contribution of off-shore pelagic prey to both sexes diet has increased in parallel with the fishery development, though a decreased somatic growth has been simultaneously recorded, being the adult individual body size smaller at present than thirty years ago. Considering results obtained and the present sea lion population on the increase, it is improbable the fishery development have decreased the prey abundance in beginning phases of Patagonian sea lion demographic recovery though it is possible it is currently decreasing the carrying capacity for the species with repercussions on body size.
KEYWORDS: Trophic ecology, Stable isotopes, Density-dependence, Pinnipeds
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Sanfelice, Daniela. "Ontogenia craniana comparada de Arctocephalus australis, Callorhinus ursinus e Otaria byronia (Otariidae: Pinnipedia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15623.
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The search for mechanisms that can generate major morphological changes has led to the study of ontogeny, in part because some kinds of modifications of ontogenies seem an excelent way to generate major phenotypic change. We focus here on Arctocephlaus australis, Callorhinus ursinus and Otaria byronia with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the origin, structure and temporal patterns of otarid morphological diversity. The pattern of change in shape during postnatal development in otarid skull was studied and described by geometric and traditional morphometrics. Our aims are: to compare the skull ontogeny of the species invocated in identifying and in describing shape alterations in the skull; to evaluate and to describe comparatively the sexual dimorphism and disparity during the ontogeny; to study the covariance between size and shape in relationship with age-groups; to investigate the changes in the ontogeny and their relationships with the evolution of the Otariidae Family; to analyze the conservation of ontogenetic trajectories over time, between sexes and among species; to characterize growth trajectories and to compare them among taxa with respect to isometry; to describe the parameters of growth and development of the focused species and to compare the two different approaches employed. Using traditional morphometrics, the allometry vectors for all species were significantly different from isometry. Dimorphism in the allometric vector is observed only in O. byonia and the difference between males and females of the fur seals are related with adult body size. The comparisons species/sex groups revealed similar vectors (any significant shape disassociation are verified in the inter-specific analyzes), suggesting lower plasticity of the ontogenies. Using geometrical methods, the dimorphism is more conspicuous in adult shapes but this is not true for the level of disparity between sexes of O. byronia. Although that dimorphism is linked with size this is not only a question of scaling or allometry (which is present in the morphogenesis of all species, especially in O. byronia). Additionally, the slopes of changes in shape related with size increase are different in A. australis and O. byronia, but are equal in C. ursinus, which is the smaller species. We suggest post-displacement as one of the factors that could have acted in the origin of the sexual dimorphism in the skull of C. ursinus. Heterochrony, perhaps is present in the roots of the modifications suffered by the ontogeny of A. australis and O. byronia too, considering the differences in the rates of development between the sexes of both species (and overall in O. byronia), but surely repatterning allometric is involved too in these cases. We verified that ontogenies can not be summarized by a single linear vector in any analyzed group, where C. ursinus ontogeny is the more linear and O. byronia the more multi-dimensional species among the 3 that we had examined. Shape changes in the otarids studied here are more related with size than with age and any of the species share a common growth allometry or a common ontogenetic trajectory/pattern. In the same way, shapes at onset or offset are not the same in any case. When the three species are pooled together, initial shapes are always very different among the species and the distances between shapes increase with time almost independently from size. On the other hand, when the complete samples are considered, all the ontogenetic trajectories are significantly different in the directions of the allometric vectors during ontogeny. Ontogenetic trajectories differ significantly among almost all the pairs compared, except for the trajectories of A. australis and C. ursinus males. They are no more different than expected by chance considering the range of angles within each sample. A similar pattern is found when the subadults are compared between pairs of species and when we compare adult males of A. australis with adult males of O. byronia. The juveniles are no more different than expected by chance (correlation between ontogenies in that phase is equal to one), excepti between C. ursinus and O. byronia. The ontogenetic trajectory of C. ursinus is the shorter and of O. byronia is the longer being almost three times longer than the former. A. australis has an intermediary length of ontogenetic trajectory. For the sample comprising all three species disparity increase significantly over ontogeny since the disparity of the adults is near the two times of the disparity between juveniles. For any ontogenetic stage, O. byronia is the species that contributes for the disparity of the all group, followed by C. ursinus. When we consider the three species together, the pattern of disparity do not change a lot during ontogeny. Ontogenies examined herein are clearly not constrained and perhaps the differences in patterns have additive effects in the differentiation of the ontogenies. Whether ontogenetic trajectories are linear or curve could be a function of developmental timing or more specifically it could depend on the age at which allometries stabilize in post-natal ontogenies. Otherwise, the amount of differences between species in the ontogenies is in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships. Finally, we addressed basically the following questions: Is onset time the same in the species? Is offset time the same in these species? Does growth rate differ between the species. The answer to those questions could be summarized by the conclusion. but we conclude that the changes in otarids skull ontogenies had occurred in spatial and temporal terms.
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Drehmer, César Jaeger. "Variação geográfica em Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820) (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) com base na morfometria sincraniana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8135.
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Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820), o leão-marinho sul-americano é uma espécie de otarídeo amplamente distribuída pela costa da América do Sul. No oceano Atlântico estende-se desde o sul do Brasil, passando pelo Uruguai até o sul da Argentina e no oceano Pacífico, ao longo das costas do Chile e do Peru. Estudos prévios indicam a possibilidade de existência de diferenças geográficas entre as unidades populacionais dessa espécie. No presente trabalho objetiva-se identificar a existência de variação geográfica e avaliar a intensidade da mesma. Para tal, utilizou-se a morfometria sincraniana com base em morfometria tradicional – 41 medidas abrangendo o crânio e o dentário e também a técnica da morfometria geométrica com base na configuração de marcos anatômicos para quatro vistas distintas – dorsal, palatal, lateral e mandibular medial. Utilizaram-se apenas espécimes adultos identificados através do comprimento côndilo-basal. Machos e fêmeas foram tratados separadamente devido ao intenso dimorfismo sexual na morfologia sincraniana. Utilizaram-se inicialmente testes t para identificar diferenças entre os grupos, dividindo-os de acordo com a distribuição geográfica das unidades populacionais, gerando um total de 4: Atlântico Segmento I (Sul do Brasil Uruguai e província de Buenos Aires), Atlântico Segmento II (Patagônia da Argentina), Pacífico Segmento I (Peru) e Pacífico Segmento II (Chile). Através de uma ANOVA sobre as medidas tradicionais e sobre o tamanho do centróide, bem como de uma MANOVA sobre a configuração de marcos anatômicos, foi possível identificar diferenças nas médias desses quatro grupos. Caracterizou-se uma forte variação geográfica, onde a variação entre os grupos sempre foi maior do que a variação dentro dos grupos. As diferenças entre os grupos de fêmeas do Pacífico são maiores do que as diferenças entre os grupos do Atlântico; já em machos as diferenças entre os grupos do Pacífico foram menores do que entre os grupos do Atlântico. Quando analisados em conjunto os dados das unidades populacionais do Pacífico em comparação com o Atlântico, estas diferenças permanecem. Utilizando técnicas exploratórias como Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise Discriminante, tanto para morfometria tradicional quanto para morfometria geométrica, foi possível caracterizar as unidades populacionais de forma mais consistente, bem como mensurar as diferenças entre estas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam as diferenças encontradas nas análises anteriores. A morfometria craniana indica a existência de quatro unidades populacionais para Otaria byronia, duas no Pacífico e duas no Atlântico, sem que haja isolamento geográfico entre estes grupos, uma vez que tanto a corrente das Malvinas no Atlântico como a corrente de Humboldt no Pacífico são grandes vias de deslocamento entre estas unidades populacionais, bem como o extremo-sul da América do Sul no qual os canais do Estreito de Magalhães não devem ser barreira para o intercâmbio, ainda que limitado, de indivíduos entre os oceanos. Este intercâmbio está diretamente relacionado com a capacidade de dispersão de machos e fêmeas e com aspectos da dinâmica populacional desta espécie. Algumas limitações, entretanto, impedem que se avance em direção a alguma conclusão taxonômica em nível de subespécies, embora a craniometria esteja a indicar uma clara tendência à separação das unidades populacionais, especialmente quando comparadas as do Atlântico com as do Pacífico.
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PEREIRA, Eliane Machado. "Identificação da comunidade componente de helmintos, gastrointestinais hepáticos, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais de Otaria flavescens (Leão-marinho-do-sul), no litoral sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2318.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-15This study verified helminth parasites infection in gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys of southern sea lions, Otaria flavescens, from south coast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Twenty-nine sea-lions were found dead on the beaches, whose carcasses had mild state of decomposition, were necropsied. The organs were collected during field necropsies for laboratory analyses were 24 small and large intestines, 24 livers including parenchyma and gall bladder, 29 stomachs, 24 hearts, and 24 pairs of kidneys. The organs were maintained frozen at -20°C until their processing. A sieve with 150µm mesh was used for screening the parasites. All content retained was analyzed under stereomicroscope. The helminthes were collected, counted, fixed in AFA, stained with carmine, and clarified in beechwood creosote. The small intestines were divided into three segments that were separately analyzed to record the distribution of helminthes by preference sites. Kolmorogov-Smirnov test was used to verify the type of data distribution. Comparison of mean abundance of infection between age classes was performed through Wilcoxon test at significant level of 0.05. Correlations between infection intensity, sex, total length of the individual, and length of small and large intestines were determined using Pearson s Correlation. Action® software version 1.1 was applied for statistical analyses. Among 29 specimens of O. flavescens 23 were males, three females, and three individuals whose sex could not be determined. The average length of the animals was 2.14±0.31m (1.58 to 2.64m) including 13 sub-adults and 16 adults. A total of 996 specimens of Contracaecum ogmorhini were recorded, especially in the stomach (10.34% of prevalence), 42,145 specimens of Corynosoma australe (100% of prevalence) and 512 of Bolbosoma turbinella (50% of prevalence) were found. Two species of trematodes were found: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17%) and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ), a estimated total of 1,988.202 specimens. Cestodes were found in only one of the hosts (4.16% of prevalence) which presented four scoleces. Macroscopically, liver, gall bladder, heart, lungs, and kidneys did not contain parasites. No significant correlation was observed between infection intensity, mean abundance, sex, total length of the host, or length of intestines. Infections levels were similar between sub-adults and adults sea lions. This is the first record of Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Contracaecum ogmorhini, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, and Stephanoprora uruguayense in O. flavescens in Brazilian waters. As regards parasite fauna of O. flavescens, our data are different from those previously reported for specimens from Pacific coast of South America.
Este estudo analisou os helmintos parasitos gastrointestinais, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais do O. flavescens no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram necropsiados 29 leões-marinhos, cujas carcaças apresentavam baixo estado de decomposição. Os órgãos coletados mediante necropsia a campo para análise em laboratório foram 24 intestinos delgado e grosso, 24 fígados incluindo parênquima e vesícula biliar e 29 estômagos, 24 corações e 24 pares de rins. Os órgãos foram congelados a 20oC até o seu processamento. Para a triagem dos parasitos foi usada peneira com malha de 150 µm e todo o conteúdo retido foi analisado sob microscópio estereoscópico. Os helmintos foram fixados em AFA, corados com Carmin e clarificados com creosoto de Faia. Os intestinos delgados foram divididos em três segmentos que foram analisados separadamente para registrar a distribuição dos helmintos por sítios de preferência. Teste de Kolmorogov-Smirnov foi utilizado para verificar tipo de distribuição dos dados. A comparação da abundância média de infecção entre classes etárias foi realizada através do teste de Teste de Wilcoxon usando nível de significância de 0.05. As correlações entre intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total do individuo e comprimento dos intestinos delgado e grosso foram verificadas usando a Correlação de Pearson. Para as análises estatísticas usou-se o software Action® versão 1.1. De 29 espécimes de O. flavescens 23 eram machos, três fêmeas e em três indivíduos o sexo não pode ser determinado. A média do comprimento total dos animais foi 2,14±0,31m (1,58 - 2,64m), sendo 13 subadultos e 16 adultos. Foram registrados 996 espécimes de Contracaecum ogmorhini presentes principalmente no estômago, (prevalência 10%). Registrou-se 42.145 espécimes de Corynosoma australe (Prev. 100%) e 512 de Bolbosoma turbinella (Prev. 50%). Duas espécies de trematódeos foram coletados: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17% ) e Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ) totalizando 1.988.202 espécimes. Cestódeos foram encontrados em apenas um hospedeiro (Prev. 4,16%) que apresentou 4 escóleces. Macroscopicamente, fígado, vesícula biliar, coração, pulmões e rins examinados não estavam parasitados. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada entre a intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total ou comprimento dos intestinos. Este é primeiro registro de Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella e Contracaecum ogmorhini em O. flavescens em águas brasileiras. No que se diz respeito à fauna parasitária de O. flavescens, as espécies encontradas no presente estudo não são as mesmas previamente citadas para leãomarinho-do-sul da costa pacífica da América do Sul.
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Verrier, Delphine. "Extreme fasting in subantartic fue seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups : Physiological adaptations and ecological implications." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13197.
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Ce travail examine les adaptations énergétiques, métaboliques, hormonales et comportementales mises en oeuvre lors des jeûnes répétés et prolongés auxquels le petit de l'Otarie d'Amsterdam doit faire face au cours de ses dix mois de croissance. Une attention particulière est portée à l'ontogénèse de ces adaptations. Le rôle clef de l'épargne énergétique et du stockage de réserves lipidiques est mis en évidence, de même qu'une très forte épargne des protéines corporelles qui ne contribuent qu'à 2% de la dépense d'énergie lors du jeûne. Parmi les différentes hormones considérées (hormones thyroïdiennes, cortisol, glucagon, insuline et leptine), le rôle de la leptine comme médiateur de l'adaptation au jeûne est pour la première fois mis en évidence chez un animal sauvage (autre que primates et rongeurs). Les capacités de résistance au jeûne augmentent avec l'âge, grâce à une réduction de la dépense énergétique et de l'activité comportementale, et aussi suite à une optimisation du niveau d'épargne protéique associée à une augmentation de l'adiposité. L'ensemble des résultats permet de comprendre comment les stratégies alimentaires maternelles pourraient être contraintes par ces changements ontogéniques de la tolérance au jeûne du petit. En outre, les compromis dévelopementaux imposés par les conflits énergétiques entre la croissance et les jeûnes répétés ont été étudiés à travers l’ontogénèse des capacités de plongée, afin d’estimer le coût, en terme d’histoire de vie, de restrictions alimentaires sévères au cours du dévelopement ainsi que leurs implications écologiquesThe objectives of my thesis were to investigate the physiological and behavioural adaptations displayed by subantarctic fur seal pups in response to the repeated extended fasts they naturally undergo throughout their period of maternal dependence. Fasting energetics, associated endocrine changes and behavioural activity were examined in order to understand the adaptive mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of extreme fasting abilities in these animals. The adoption of an efficient strategy of energy conservation, fat storage and protein sparing (with body proteins contributing to less than 2% of total energy expenditure) in response to fasting is highlighted. Among the diverse hormones measured (thyroid hormones, cortisol, insulin, glucagon and leptin), the importance of leptin in the regulation of energetic and immune homeostasis in response to changes in nutritional state and body reserves is suggested for the first time in a free-ranging mammal (apart from primates and rodents). In addition, my results show that pup resistance to fasting develops progressively with age depending upon pronounced changes in metabolic rates and body fat stores. As a consequence, maternal foraging strategy could be constrained by ontogenetic changes in pup fasting abilities in this species. Furthermore, the trade-offs imposed by the conflicting demands of growing and surviving food deprivation upon the development of diving abilities and foraging skills were also explored in order to estimate the life history cost of extreme fasting in early life and its ecological implications
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Mison-Jooste, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la biologie des populations de l'otarie à fourrure du Cap (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) : les soins maternels diffèrent-ils en fonction du sexe du jeune ?" Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10079.
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Le premier objectif de ce travail est l'etablissement d'une monographie sur l'otarie a fourrure du cap, explorant les caracteristiques des periodes de reproduction, de gestation et de lactation de cette espece et apportant des resultats originaux en particulier sur la croissance ftale, la duree de gestation, la croissance, la survie juvenile et le sevrage. Cette espece vit dans un environnement regule par le systeme d'upwelling du benguela et la production de ce systeme presente des variations inter-annuelles de tres forte amplitude. Ainsi, en 1994 le reseau trophique du benguela a ete atteint par une perturbation majeure de type el nino et les otaries de namibie ont subi des carences nutritionnelles ayant des consequences demographiques catastrophiques (avortements, mortalite juvenile et adulte entrainant la perte d'un tiers de la population). Ces conditions naturelles constituent des conditions analogues a des conditions experimentales permettant de tester l'hypothese selon laquelle pour une espece polygyne et sexuellement dimorphique, l'investissement maternel devrait differer en fonction du sexe du descendant. Dans le but d'etudier les strategies biodemographiques de l'otarie a fourrure du cap, les jeunes de cette espece ont ete observes sur le terrain pendant deux ans. Cette etude montre que les jeunes males presentent une masse et une croissance plus fortes que les femelles. La difference de masse a la naissance est limitee par la disponibilite des ressources ce qui indique que la gestation d'un ftus male necessite plus d'energie que celui d'un ftus femelle. Ceci suppose que cette difference provienne d'une difference de quantite d'energie transmise de la mere au jeune et non d'une difference d'utilisation de l'energie par le jeune. Des reponses au jeune similaires pour les deux sexes confortent cette hypothese. Les resultats sont replaces dans le contexte general biologique des pinnipedes.
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Jurczynski, Kerstin. "Tuberculosis in South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) - diagnostic options and its epidemiologic importance for other mammals within the zoological garden." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-99710.
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Tuberculosis is a widely spread zoonotic disease caused by acid-fast bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a variety of mammalian species. In pinnipeds, tuberculosis has been reported in different captive and wild sea lions and fur seals.
The causative agent, Mycobacterium pinnipedii, is part of the M. tuberculosis complex and has shown pathogenicity in other mammalian species including human beings.
Since 2000 the Heidelberg zoo has been dealing with tuberculosis in its collection of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). After a Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) was transferred to a zoological institution in France it transmitted the disease to the other tapirs that succumbed to tuberculosis. Culturing and spoligotyping confirmed the origin, the sea lions at the Heidelberg zoo.
An investigation of the sea lion group housed at Heidelberg in addition to different species of mammals living in adjacent exhibits as well as a sea lion, born in Heidelberg but then living in Hamburg, revealed multiple cases of pinniped tuberculosis.
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Charrier, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance vocale entre la mère et son jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10104.
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La reconnaissance mère-jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis, se fait essentiellement par les signaux acoustiques. Face aux sévères contraintes écologiques (milieu colonial, longues séparations mère-jeune), cette espèce a développé de nombreuses adaptations dans les processus de reconnaissance vocale. Des expériences de play-back ont révélé que le bébé otarie était capable de reconnaître la voix de sa mère 2 à 5 jours après sa naissance, sa mère attendant toujours que cet apprentissage soit en place pour partir en mer. L'analyse du système de codage-décodage de l'identité individuelle a démontré que la femelle et son petit utilisent les modulations de fréquence et le spectre d'énergie du signal afin de s'identifier dans la colonie. Cette signature vocale est particulièrement efficace puisqu'elle repose sur deux paramètres (sécurité du code) dont un est particulièrement résistant aux dégradations en un milieu bruité. Les contraintes environnementales agissent à d'autres niveaux dans la communication acoustique. En effet, d'autres expériences de play-back ont démontré que les jeunes, durant l'absence de leur mère, modifiaient leur comportement vocal en fonction de leur état de satiété. Enfin, chez les femelles, les contraintes de reconnaissance du petit sont telles que la mémorisation du cri de leur petit est très puissante : elles sont capables de retenir ces différentes versions pendant toute une saison, et probablement pendant plusieurs années.
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Zenteno, Devaud Lisette. "Cambios en la posición trófica del lobo común sudamericano (Otaria flavescens) en respuesta a la explotación masiva de mamíferos marinos y pesca industrial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398133.
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Los depredadores marinos pueden cambiar su dieta a través del tiempo como consecuencia de cambios antropogénicos y naturales, por lo que un punto de referencia histórico aporta información básica y necesaria para comprender el papel ecológico que desempeñan estos individuos dentro del ecosistema que habitan. En las costas del Atlántico sudoccidental los registros zooarqueologicos e históricos revelan una importante explotación de los lobos marinos sudamericanos por parte de los colonizadores europeos y en menor grado por parte de los aborígenes cazadores recolectores, sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre la influencia de estas explotaciones sobre la dieta de esta especie. Debido a que los lobos marinos sudamericanos se caracterizan por tener un amplio nicho trófico, el determinante principal de la composición de sus dietas es la competencia intraespecifica, por lo que se espera que estos animales muestren un cambio en la posición trófica asociado a la caza indiscriminada por parte de los colonizadores europeos, y un impacto menor sobre sus poblaciones y dietas como resultado de la caza aborigen. En esta tesis doctoral se realizaron análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno en muestras zooarqueológicas y modernas, provenientes del centro-norte y sur de Patagonia Argentina con el objetivo de reconstruir la dieta de los lobos marinos sudamericanos desde el Holoceno tardío al presente. Los resultados revelan un marcado aumento del nivel trófico durante el siglo XX, el cual podría estar relacionado con una disminución del tamaño poblacional del lobo común sudamericano, como consecuencia de la explotación comercial, y una reducción de la competencia intraespecífica. Al contrario, tanto en Patagonia norte-centro como en Patagonia sur, las poblaciones de lobos marinos sudamericanos mostraron una estabilidad en la dieta durante varios milenios de explotación aborigen. Asimismo, no se observaron cambios significativos durante las últimas tres décadas en las razones isotópicas del hueso de machos jóvenes y adultos de lobo marino sudamericano procedentes del sur de Brasil a pesar de un dramático incremento en el desarrollo de la pesquería demersal, lo cual sugiere que la población regional se encuentra muy por debajo de la capacidad de carga. Estos resultados confirman la importancia de los análisis retrospectivos de las razones isotópicos para inferir cambios en la dieta de los depredadores oportunistas, y para identificar la transición ecológica entre ecosistemas prístinos y modificados antropogénicamente.Marine predators may undergo remarkable dietary changes through time as a result of both anthropogenic and natural changes in the environment, and hence, a historical point of reference provides the necessary basic information to understand the ecological function of individuals in the ecosystem. In the south-west Atlantic coasts, zooarchaeological and historical records revealed a significant exploitation of South American sea lions by European colonizers and to a lesser extent by aboriginal hunter-gatherers, however, little is known about the influence of these exploitations on the diet of sea lions. Because South American sea lions have been reported as broad spectrum, the intraspecific competition plays an important role in the composition of their diets. It is therefore expected a change in the trophic position of these animals associated with the indiscriminate hunting by Western sealing, and less impact on their populations and diets as a result of aboriginal exploitation. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in archaeological and modern samples from northern-central and southern Patagonia, Argentina have been used in this doctoral thesis to reconstruct the dietary changes of the South American sea lion from the late Holocene to the present in the southwestern Atlantic. Results show a marked increase in trophic level during the twentieth century which might be related to the smaller population size resulting from modern sealing and the resulting reduced intraspecific competition. On the contrary, populations of South American sea lions from both in north-central Patagonia and southern Patagonia showed a stability in the diet for several millennia of aboriginal exploitation. Furthermore, no major changes were detected in the diet of male South American sea lions during the past three decades from southern Brazil despite a dramatic increase in the development of demersal fisheries, suggesting that population levels may be below of their optimal carrying capacity Results confirmed the importance of retrospective analysis of the stable isotope ratios to infer changes in the diet of opportunistic predators, and to identify the ecological transition between pristine ecosystems and anthropogenically modified.
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De, Simone Matteo. "Interazione tra squalo bianco (Carcharadon carcharias) e otaria orsina del Capo (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) nell'area di Seal Island a Mossel Bay, Sud Africa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8327/.
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Gli squali bianchi sono tra i più importanti predatori dei Pinnipedi (Klimley et al., 2001; Kock, 2002). La loro principale strategia di caccia consiste nel pattugliare le acque circostanti ad una colonia di otarie e nell’attaccarle quando queste sono in movimento, mentre si allontanano o avvicinano all’isola (Klimley et al., 2001; Kock, 2002).
Tuttavia, la strategia e la dinamica della predazione osservate anche in relazione al ciclo riproduttivo della preda e le tattiche comportamentali messe in atto dalla preda per ridurre la probabilità di predazione, e quindi diminuire la sua mortalità, sono ancora poco conosciute. Con questo studio, effettuato nell’area di Seal Island all’interno della baia di Mossel Bay in Sud Africa, abbiamo cercato di definire proprio questi punti ancora poco conosciuti. Per studiare la strategia e le dinamica di predazione dello squalo bianco abbiamo utilizzato il sistema di monitoraggio acustico, in modo da poter approfondire le conoscenze sui loro movimenti e quindi sulle loro abitudini. Per dare un maggiore supporto ai dati ottenuti con la telemetria acustica abbiamo effettuato anche un monitoraggio visivo attraverso l’attrazione (chumming) e l’identificazione fotografica degli squali bianchi.
Per comprendere invece i loro movimenti e le tattiche comportamentali messi in atto dalle otarie orsine del capo per ridurre la probabilità di predazione nella baia di Mossel Bay, abbiamo utilizzato il monitoraggio visivo di 24 ore, effettuato almeno una volta al mese, dalla barca nell’area di Seal Island. Anche se gli squali bianchi sono sempre presenti intorno all’isola i dati ottenuti suggeriscono che la maggior presenza di squali/h si verifica da Maggio a Settembre che coincide con l’ultima fase di svezzamento dei cuccioli delle otarie del capo, cioè quando questi iniziano a foraggiare lontano dall'isola per la prima volta; durante il sunrise (alba) durante il sunset (tramonto) quando il livello di luce ambientale è bassa e soprattutto quando la presenza delle prede in acqua è maggiore. Quindi possiamo affermare che gli squali bianchi a Seal Island prendono delle decisioni che vanno ad ottimizzare la loro probabilità di catturare una preda. I risultati preliminari del nostro studio indicano anche che il numero di gruppi di otarie in partenza dall'isola di notte sono di gran lunga maggiori di quelle che partono durante il giorno, forse questo potrebbe riflettere una diminuzione del rischio di predazione; per beneficiare di una vigilanza condivisa, le otarie tendono in media a formare gruppi di 3-5 o 6-9 individui quando si allontanano dall’isola e questo probabilmente le rende meno vulnerabili e più attente dall’essere predate. Successivamente ritornano all’isola da sole o in piccoli gruppi di 2 o 3 individui. I gruppi più piccoli probabilmente riflettono la difficoltà delle singole otarie a riunirsi in gruppi coordinati all'interno della baia.
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Rojas, Santana Valentina. "Descripción de lesiones pulmonares observadas en el estudio radiográfico simple en lobo marino (Otaria flavescens); y el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar por PCR." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134364.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioCon el fin de pesquisar y describir las lesiones pulmonares en Lobos marinos (Otaria flavescens), se realizó un estudio radiográfico simple de tórax a 20 ejemplares cachorros y juveniles. También se realizaron lavados traqueales para la obtención de muestras que fueron analizadas para la búsqueda de bacterias del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mediante la prueba de Reacción de Polimerasa en Cadena (PCR), con el objetivo de investigar la presencia de tuberculosis pulmonar. Para ambos estudios los animales se encontraban bajo anestesia general mediante la utilización de Isofluorano, con buena respuesta a la inducción y recuperación. Se logró estandarizar la técnica radiográfica, kVp y mAs, y se extrapoló técnica de lavados traqueales de caninos a lobos marinos. Los resultaron mostraron que 11 animales (55%) presentaban algún tipo de lesión pulmonar, en 10 individuos (50%) se observó un infiltrado del parénquima pulmonar, en 5 de ellos este infiltrado es de tipo difuso, mientras que en los 5 restantes es de tipo celular. En cuanto a la presencia de broncogramas aéreos positivos (BAP), éste estuvo presente en 9 de los individuos en estudio (45%). En lo referente la prueba de PCR, ésta arrojó resultados negativos en la totalidad de los animales, probablemente, debido a que los animales no se hayan encontrado infectados con alguna bacteria del complejo M. tuberculosis
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McKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
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Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.
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Massardier-Galatà, Lauriane. "Succès de la reproduction de prédateurs en contexte de changements climatiques et de la dynamique océanique – Application aux « central place foragers » des zones australes, approche par la modélisation individu centrée." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4050/document.
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Les changements climatiques ont un impact certain sur les écosystèmes marins. Un déplacement vers le sud des principaux systèmes de front servant de sites de nourrissage pour de nombreuses espèces de prédateurs supérieurs est susceptible de se produire dans les zones subantarctiques. Les « central place foragers », tels que les pinnipèdes, sont susceptibles de faire face à une augmentation de la distance entre leurs lieux d'alimentation et leurs colonies d'élevage. Nous avons étudié l’impact des changements climatiques sur le succès d’élevage et la dynamique de population des otaries à fourrure (Arctocephalus gazella) des Îles Kerguelen par le biais du développement du modèle individu centré, MarCPFS (Marine Central Place Foragers Simulator) qui montre que la survie du couple femelle-jeune est particulièrement sensible à la répartition des proies (abondance et structure), à la capacité de mémorisation des meilleurs sites de nourrissages trouvés par la femelle pendant la période d'élevage, à la taille des femelles et à la distance qu'il faut parcourir pour trouver la ressource. Les résultats suggèrent qu’au cours des trois prochaines décennies un déplacement vers le sud supérieur à 2km an 1 pourrait compromettre la survie et la durabilité des populations. Un couplage avec un modèle de simulation de la dynamique océanique et de la ressource (SEAPODYM) a permis des projections jusqu’à la fin de ce siècle basées sur le scénarios RCP8.5 du GIEC (2014), confirmant les tendances mises à jour précédemment. Ces travaux montrent que les perspectives de maintien des populations sont pessimistes y compris en envisageant une adaptation de la taille des individusClimate change has certain impact on the marine ecosystems. A southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as the main foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in the Subantarctic areas. Central place foragers, as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase in the distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. We studied the impact of climate change on the breeding success and population dynamics of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Kerguelen Islands by means of an individual based model we developped, MarCPFS (Marine Central Place Foragers Simulator) which showed that the survival of the female-pup pair is particularly sensitive to the distribution of preys (abundance and structure), to the memorization abilities of the best resource sites found by the female during the rearing period, to the female size and to the foraging distance which it is necessary to cover at each trip. The results suggest that during the next three decades a southward shift greater than 2 km year-1 could compromise the survival and the sustainability of the populations. A coupling with a model of simulation of the oceanic dynamics and the resource (SEAPODYM) allowed projections till the end of this century based on scenarios RCP8.5 of the IPCC (2014), confirming the trends previously obtained. Globally, these works lead us to conclude with pessimistic perspectives about the sustainability of populations even when considering an evolution through time towards individuals of greater sizes
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Worms, Otari [Verfasser], and Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] Ackermann. "Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der intra- und postpartalen Behandlung des Gestationsdiabetes in verschiedenen ethnischen Bevölkerungsgruppen des Rhein-Main-Gebietes / Otari Worms. Gutachter: Sven Ackermann." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075743214/34.
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Ream, Rolf R. "Molecular ecology of North Pacific Otariids : genetic assessment of north fur seal and Steller sea lion distributions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5293.
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Mambrim, Filho Otavio. "Processo hibrido de polpação etanol-soda de madeira de eucalipto, com baixo teor alcoolico." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248821.
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Orientador : Matthieu TubinoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T07:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MambrimFilho_Otavio_M.pdf: 7823150 bytes, checksum: 298b0bbcdc0707ae7f0490e996f088a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
Mestrado
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Fiant, Antony. "Otar iosseliani : tel un demiurge a la surface du film." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1291.
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Otar iosseliani, cineaste georgien, ne en 1934 a tbilissi, est l'auteur d'une oeuvre originale et attachante qui ne compte que peu de films (huit longs-metrages de fiction en plus de trente ans). Mais elle constitue assurement une des plus importantes du cinema contemporain. C'est en tout cas ce que tente de demontrer cette these, en trois temps. D'abord, a travers l'analyse d'un processus de creation tout a la fois philosophique, primitif et teleologique, c'est-a-dire, comparable a celui du demiurge, replace dans la lignee du cinema muet et base sur une methode refusant categoriquement le hasard. Ensuite, en dissequant la fonction du regard du cineaste sur le reel. Que ce soit dans ses documentaires (il en a realise cinq), dans ses trois premiers films tournes en georgie, ou en apprivoisant des cultures etrangeres (principalement la france mais aussi l'afrique), le regard qu'il porte sur le monde fait de lui un cineaste universel. Enfin, en tentant de restituer le plus fidelement possible une des caracteristiques esthetiques de son cinema : le rythme, tant sonore que plastique et structural. Tout au long de ces trois parties, il s'agit egalement de definir l'ethique de iosseliani.
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Larsen, Otavio. "Construção de atributos X-of-N usando algoritimos genéticos / Otavio Larsen ; orientador, Júlio César Nievola ; co-orientador, Alex Alves Freitas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2002. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2981.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 2002Inclui bibliografias
Este trabalho propõe um novo Algoritmo Genético (AG) para construção indutiva. O objetivo do AG é construir novos atributos X-of-N a partir dos atributos originais de uma dada base de dados, com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência de um algoritmo de miner
We propose a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) for constructive induction. The goal of the GA is to construct new X-of-N attributes out of the original attributes of a given data set, in order to improve the effectiveness of a data mining (or machine learning) a
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Nocera, Catia. "Implementação de práticas gerenciais e identidade organizacional : o caso de uma organização militar / Catia Nocera ; orientador, Paulo Otavio Mussi Augusto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2008. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1477.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2008Bibliografia: f. 117-123
O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar o efeito da implantação de práticas gerenciais na identidade de uma organização militar. Reside neste último aspecto um ponto relevante do trabalho, já que se trata de um contexto específico pouco explorado no
The current study aims to verify the effect of the implementation of management practices on the identity of a military organization. In the latter aspect there is another important point of the work, since it is a very specific context, little explored i
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Jurczynski, Kerstin [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Eulenberger, Klaus [Gutachter] Eulenberger, and Andreas [Gutachter] Beineke. "Tuberculosis in South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) - diagnostic options and its epidemiologic importance for other mammals within the zoological garden / Kerstin Jurczynski ; Gutachter: Klaus Eulenberger, Andreas Beineke ; Betreuer: Klaus Eulenberger." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238240852/34.
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Chadwick, Peter J. "A study of the berg Aukas-type Pb-Zn-V deposits in the Otavi mountain land, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22548.
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Bibliography: pages 131-138.This study is focussed on the petrographic and isotopic aspects of the crystallization processes taking place in carbonate-hosted Berg Aukas-type Zn-Pb-V deposits of the Otavi Mountain Land in Northern Namibia. Numerous studies have shown that ore formation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits bears a close relationship with carbonate diagenesis and basin evolution. The application of isotope (Sr , O, C) techniques as regards to timing and mechanisms of ore-forming processes, as a possible tool in exploration, is especially emphasized in this study. Detailed petrographic and isotope-geochemical investigations were carried out in the Late Precambrian deposits of Berg Aukas, situated just north of the town of Grootfontein, in addition to the Odin Prospect situated to the east of Kombat Mine. Both ore deposits display many similarities, but also show differences concerning the facies-bound character of the host rock, which is related to the paleogeographic position and the tectonic framework. In spite of these differences, similar complex diagenetic textures and structures suggest a comparable diagenetic evolution. Isotope-geochemical analyses have been performed on samples of consecutive crystallization generations, or dolomite types. This was checked petrographically using cathodoluminescence, and sample homogeneity was monitored by means of X-ray diffraction. The results reveal significant isotopic trends, which are interpreted to reflect the diagenetic evolution of the respective basin. A consistent strontium isotope trend is noted, and in both cases studied, the later crystallization generations are enriched in radiogenic strontium, as compared to the earlier ones, which tend to approximate the strontium isotope composition of contemporaneous seawater. The increase in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in subsequent diagenetic generations is explained with the pore fluids evolving towards more radiogenic compositions with advancing diagenetic stages. The influence of basinal brines enriched in radiogenic strontium as a consequence of the reaction with Rb-bearing phases, especially detrital (clay) minerals hosted by underlying basement rocks, is considered to be most likely. Stable isotope investigations carried out on identical samples also show certain trends, though these are less pronounced compared to the strontium studies. In general, the later crystallization generations are depleted in the heavy isotope of carbon and oxygen, which is explained in terms of changing physico-chemical conditions of the system, in combination with changing fluid compositions during the course of diagenetic evolution. By combining petrographic and isotopic observations, the genetic hypothesis for the ore deposits at Berg Aukas and Odin can be significantly constrained. In both cases, a model is proposed based on basinal brine migration during advanced diagenetic stages. These brines were enriched in radiogenic strontium due to the interaction with basement rocks. Thus, the combination of petrographic and isotope-geochemical methods has proved to constitute a powerful tool in tracing the diagenetic evolution, and in an exploration sense may be used to identify imprints of fluid circulation, which mobilized and concentrated metals during various stages of basin evolution.
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Vadachkoria, Otar [Verfasser], and Reinhold A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lang. "Rendezvous Verfahren am oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt / Otar Vadachkoria ; Betreuer: Reinhold A. Lang." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161341757/34.
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Viviant, Morgane. "Optimisation du comportement d'acquisition des ressources au cours de la plongée : cas de l'otarie à fourrure antartique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066686.
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Prédire la réponse des prédateurs marins aux changements climatiques nécessite de comprendre leur écologie alimentaire. L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier les stratégies de chasse de l’otarie à fourrure Antarctique dans le cadre des théories de l’approvisionnement optimal. Comment les otaries ajustent-elles leur comportement de plongée selon la qualité de l’environnement (abondance et accessibilité des proies en profondeur) et leurs contraintes physiologiques (limite de plongée aérobie, ADL) ? Une méthodologie basée sur les accéléromètres fut développée afin de détecter les tentatives de capture (i. E. Rencontres) de proies de ces animaux. Notre étude montre que les otaries concentrent leurs plongées à des profondeurs inférieures aux profondeurs de densité maximale de proies. Au-delà de 55-60 mètres, elles sont physiologiquement contraintes (dépassent leur ADL en moyenne) et font face à un compromis entre la disponibilité et l’accessibilité des proies. Cette contrainte affecte leurs stratégies de chasse : des plongées d’exploration ne sont utilisées qu’à faible profondeur. Contrairement aux prédictions, elles augmentent leur effort de recherche alimentaire dans les parcelles de proies de mauvaise qualité, à l’échelle des nuits. La prise en compte des contraintes physiologiques et des échelles temporelles est donc cruciale pour prédire le succès de pêche des prédateurs marins. Avec le réchauffement climatique, les scientifiques prédisent un approfondissement de la thermocline, et donc des proies. Les otaries à fourrure étant rapidement contraintes avec la profondeur, cela est susceptible d’affecter négativement leur succès alimentaire et in fine leur succès reproducteur
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Chetty, Deshenthree. "Geochemical fingerprinting of carbonate wall rock alteration at major base metal sulphide deposits in the Otavi Mountain Land, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9555.
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Bibliography: leaves 134-147.The Otavi Mountain Land is a base metal ore province in which base metal sulphide deposits are hosted by platform carbonates in a foreland fold-and-thrust belt on the northern edge of the PanAfrican Damara Belt. Deposits have been classified as the Berg Aukas- and Tsumeb- types, based on differences in ore association, stratigraphic position and geochemistry of ores and gangue carbonates. Mineralisation at each of these deposits is accompanied by carbonate alteration in the form of dolomite and calcite veins, carbonate recrystallisation, calcitisation and carbonate silicification. Optical cathodoluminescence imaging, electron probe micro analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, high performance ion chromatography, proton probe micro analysis, stable isotope techniques, and fluid inclusion microthermometry were employed (i) to differentiate between carbonate generations associated with the alteration and mineralisation, particularly for the more economic Tsumeb-type deposits, represented by Tsumeb and Kombat, as well as in comparing between Berg Aukas- and Tsumeb-type deposits; (ii) to set constraints on the fluids effecting such alteration and associated mineralisation; (iii) to determine the relationship of the Khasib Springs deposit, for which little geochemical data exists, to deposits of the Tsumeb-type, and (iv) to identify those parameters which are diagnostic of Tsumeb-type mineralisation.
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Abreu, Aline Rodrigues de. "Diversidade genética e estrutura populacional do lobo-marinho sul-americano (arctocephalus australis, mammalia, carnivora, otariide) ao longo da costa atlântica da América do Sul." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5420.
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Previous issue date: 2011The South American fur Seal, Arctocephalus australis, is distributed along Southern Hemisphere coast with breeding colonies located since Peru until Uruguay. This work focuses on the Atlantic ESU and covers most of the colonies of the Atlantic coast. In recent past, several colonies underwent strong size reduction with hunting and El Niño events. Most studies have focused on investigate the Pacific ESU, little being known about the Atlantic populations. The population structure and genetic variability in this area were assayed with mitochondrial DNA control region and eleven microsatellite loci. The results found high levels of genetic diversity in the region, without evidence of recent genetic bottleneck but with evidence of a population expansion around 200-100 thousand years ago. A sign of genetic structure were found between colonies from Uruguay and Chubut when evaluated by the mtDNA. This is likely due to their strong female philopatry. However, microsatellite analysis did not revealed any existing structure, even between distant areas, supporting that most gene flow is mediated by males. For conservation purposes, these results shows that the South American fur seal Atlantic ESU is a single population and because of that, conservation measures should be aligned among the countries of its distribution.
O lobo-marinho sul-americano, Arctocephalus australis, está distribuído ao longo da costa do hemisfério sul com colônias reprodutivas localizadas desde o Peru até o Uruguai. Este trabalho foca na UES do Atlântico e cobre a maioria de suas colônias. No passado recente, várias colônias sofreram drásticas reduções populacionais com a caça e os eventos de El Niño. Muitos estudos focaram na análise da UES do Pacífico, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a UES do Atlântico. Neste estudo a estrutura populacional e a variabilidade genética destas populações foram avaliadas através da região controle do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssatélites. Os resultados encontraram alto nível de diversidade genética nesta região, sem sinal de gargalo genético recente, mas com sinais de uma expansão populacional iniciada entre 200. 000 e 100. 000 anos atrás. Um sinal de estruturação foi encontrado entre as colônias do Uruguai e Chubut quando avaliado a partir do DNA mitocondrial, provavelmente causado pela forte filopatria das fêmeas. No entanto, a análise de microssatélite não revelou a existência de estruturação, mesmo entre as diversas subpopulações mais distantes, sugerindo que o fluxo gênico seja mediado pelos machos. Para fins de conservação, estes resultados mostram que o lobo-marinho sul-americano da UES do Atlântico é uma única população, e por causa disso, medidas de segurança devem ser alinhadas entre os países de sua distribuição.
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Barraza, Luna Erik Rodolfo. "Estimación de riesgo de desastres en proyectos de inversión pública para servicios de saneamiento básico de los pueblos localizados en la cuenca del río Otari, distrito de Pichari – provincia La Convención – región Cusco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5793.
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Proporciona una metodología a seguir para determinar el nivel de riesgo de desastres para la cuenca del río Otari en el distrito de Pichari, provincia La Convención de la región Cusco. Emplea el método matemático desarrollado por Thomas L. Saaty (1980), en ella se utiliza una serie de matrices que permiten determinar los niveles, establecidos por INDECI, de peligro y vulnerabilidad para luego hallar el riesgo. La cuenca del río Otari necesita contar con estudios de estimación de riesgo de desastres que mitiguen aquellos que se notan en los pueblos, así como el establecimiento descontrolado de hogares en zonas de peligros generados por los fenómenos de geodinámica interna y externa. Con el empleo del método matemático se determinó que la cuenca del río Otari presenta un peligro de nivel medio y una vulnerabilidad de nivel alto, dando por resultado un riesgo de nivel alto, de tal forma se hace necesario y obligatorio las medidas preventivas. Este estudio permite además, elaborar mapas temáticos que faciliten la visualización de los riesgos en la zona de interés, para ello se usarían los diversos valores hallados en los parámetros y descriptores de las matrices.Tesis
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Laukamp, Carsten. "Structural and fluid system evolution in the Otavi Mountainland (Namibia) and its significance for the genesis of sulphide and nonsulphide mineralisation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-72259.
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Peulen, Thomas-Otavio [Verfasser], Claus A. M. [Gutachter] Seidel, and Holger [Gutachter] Gohlke. "Mapping protein structure and dynamics by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in vitro and in live cells / Thomas-Otavio Peulen ; Gutachter: Claus A. M. Seidel, Holger Gohlke." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124589732/34.
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Abreu, Aline Rodrigues de. "Diversidade gen?tica e estrutura populacional do lobo-marinho sul-americano (arctocephalus australis, mammalia, carnivora, otariide) ao longo da costa atl?ntica da Am?rica do Sul." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/214.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-25O lobo-marinho sul-americano, Arctocephalus australis, est? distribu?do ao longo da costa do hemisf?rio sul com col?nias reprodutivas localizadas desde o Peru at? o Uruguai. Este trabalho foca na UES do Atl?ntico e cobre a maioria de suas col?nias. No passado recente, v?rias col?nias sofreram dr?sticas redu??es populacionais com a ca?a e os eventos de El Ni?o. Muitos estudos focaram na an?lise da UES do Pac?fico, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a UES do Atl?ntico. Neste estudo a estrutura populacional e a variabilidade gen?tica destas popula??es foram avaliadas atrav?s da regi?o controle do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssat?lites. Os resultados encontraram alto n?vel de diversidade gen?tica nesta regi?o, sem sinal de gargalo gen?tico recente, mas com sinais de uma expans?o populacional iniciada entre 200.000 e 100.000 anos atr?s. Um sinal de estrutura??o foi encontrado entre as col?nias do Uruguai e Chubut quando avaliado a partir do DNA mitocondrial, provavelmente causado pela forte filopatria das f?meas. No entanto, a an?lise de microssat?lite n?o revelou a exist?ncia de estrutura??o, mesmo entre as diversas subpopula??es mais distantes, sugerindo que o fluxo g?nico seja mediado pelos machos. Para fins de conserva??o, estes resultados mostram que o lobo-marinho sul-americano da UES do Atl?ntico ? uma ?nica popula??o, e por causa disso, medidas de seguran?a devem ser alinhadas entre os pa?ses de sua distribui??o
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Otani, Atsuya [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Gutachter] Keller. "The Hausdorff dimensions of strange invariant graphs in skew product systems with chaotic basis including Weierstrass-type functions / Atsuya Otani. Gutachter: Gerhard Keller." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104483874/34.
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Buckles, Elizabeth Louise. "Investigations into the association between Otarine Herpesvirus 1 and endemic cancer in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) : age class, tissue distribution and in vitro cultivation of the virus /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Beauplet, Gwénaël. "Variations des performances de pêche et des performances démographiques des femelles otaries à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam (Arctocephalus tropicalis) : influence de la qualité individuelle et des conditions environnementales." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS135.
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Ce travail décrit dans quelle mesure les traits d'histoire de vie sont liés aux stratégies maternelles de l'otarie à fourrure subantarctique Arctocephalus tropicalis de l'île d'Amsterdam. Pendant l'élevage du petit, les femelles ajustent leur stratégie de pêche (site, budget, proies) aux variations environnementales saisonnières. Les petits subissent des jeûnes prolongés entraînant de faibles taux de croissance. La survie pré-sevrage (69%) ne semble affectée par aucun facteur, alors que la survie post-sevrage (66%) dépend du sexe, du taux de croissance pré-sevrage, et des conditions environnementales au sevrage. La survie juvénile et adulte annuelle élevée (98%) est indépendante de l'année ou de l'environnement, et la sénescence est présente chez les femelles de plus de 13 ans. Les probabilités de survie et de reproduction futures des non-reproductrices sont inférieures à celles des reproductrices, suggérant l'existence d'un phénomène de qualité individuelle au sein de cette populationThis work describes in which extent life history traits are related to the maternal strategies of subantarctic fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis in Amsterdam Island. During pup rearing, females adjust their foraging strategies (location, activity budget, preys) with seasonal environmental variations. Pups endure extended fasting periods leading to very low growth rates. Preweaning survival (69%) seems to be not affected by any studied factors, while postweaning survival (66%) is dependent of pup sex, preweaning growth rate, and environmental conditions at weaning. High juvenile and adult annual survival rate (98%) is independent of the year or environment, and a senescence effect was shown in females older than 13 years old. Future survival and reproduction probabilities in nonbreeders are lower than in breeders, suggesting a phenomenon of individual quality in this population
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Roux, Jean-Paul. "Sociobiologie de l'Otarie : Arctocephalus tropicalis." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600894r.
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Georges, Jean-Yves. "Stratégies maternelles de l'otarie à fourrure de l'île Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis : relations avec les conditions environnementales." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS041.
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Les stratégies maternelles de l'otarie à fourrure, de l'ile Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis, ont été étudiées en relation avec les conditions environnementales au cours de trois années consécutives (1995, 1996, 1997). Au cours d'une saison de reproduction, les otaries donnent naissance à un jeune unique puis alternent des voyages en mer où elles s'alimentent (acquisition des ressources) et des visites à terre où elles allaitent leur petit (allocation des ressources). Les stratégies d'acquisition des ressources ont été abordées par l'étude de l'écologie en mer des femelles allaitantes, grâce à l'utilisation combinée de balises Argos, d'enregistreurs de plongée et de direction, et du suivi individuel du changement de masse corporelle des mères et de leur jeune. Les otaries d'Amsterdam présentent une écologie en mer singulière au sein des otaries à fourrure. Elles effectuent des voyages alimentaires particulièrement longs au cours desquels elles rejoignent la bordure nord du front subtropical, située en milieu océanique à environ 400-500 km de l'ile Amsterdam. Elles présentent un comportement de plongée nocturne, et semblent ajuster leur comportement de pêche en fonction des migrations verticales nycthémérales de leurs proies principales, les myctophides. Elles modifient leur comportement de prospection du milieu marin en fonction des variations saisonnières et annuelles des conditions océanographiques, en particulier la profondeur de la couche de mélange, la distance au site d'alimentation, et le gradient de température de surface du front subtropical. L’éloignement du site d'alimentation indique que les otaries d'Amsterdam sont habituellement confrontées à des conditions trophiques particulièrement mauvaises tout au long de la saison de reproduction. Les stratégies d'allocation des ressources ont été abordées par l'étude de l'investissement prénatal et par la description de la croissance postnatale du jeune, grâce à un suivi individuel de la masse à la naissance et de la croissance des jeunes. Cette étude propose que les couts énergétiques associés à la production d'un fœtus male sont en général supérieurs à ceux associés à la production d'un fœtus femelle. Toutefois, la quantité d'énergie allouée à la gestation semble également dépendre de la condition corporelle maternelle et des conditions trophiques rencontrées au cours de la gestation. Au cours de la lactation, les soins maternels postnataux ne diffèrent pas en fonction du sexe du jeune. Les otaries d'Amsterdam semblent adopter un schéma d'approvisionnement permettant d'optimiser le taux d'acquisition des ressources de leur jeune au cours d'un cycle d'approvisionnement et sur l'ensemble de la lactation. Les mères maintiennent la croissance de leur jeune pendant les 7 premiers mois en ajustant le schéma d'approvisionnement et la qualité du lait fourni au jeune. Plus tard dans la saison, les mères ne parviennent pas à maintenir la croissance de leur jeune, suggérant que la disponibilité des ressources diminue fortement en hiver. Des différences inter-annuelles de la masse à la naissance, du taux de croissance, et de la masse au sevrage suggèrent que les otaries d'Amsterdam étaient confrontées à des conditions environnementales variables au cours de cette étude. Les résultats obtenus au cours de cette étude sont discutés au sein des pinnipèdes, et soutiennent les récentes hypothèses selon lesquelles les stratégies maternelles des pinnipèdes seraient principalement influencées par la distance au site d'alimentation et la disponibilité des ressources marines (Ono & Boness 1996, Trillmich 1996). Ce travail mené sur 3 années montre que l'étude de prédateurs marins supérieurs peut fournir des indices naturels des conditions environnementales et de la disponibilité des ressources marines. Dans le cas des otaries d'Amsterdam, ces indices concernent une région océanique difficilement accessible, et un systeme frontal très peu étudié, le front subtropical. Ces informations peuvent se révéler d'autant plus précieuses que le front subtropical semble contribuer de manière significative à la production biologique de l'océan austral.
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Eisenhofer, Sabine [Verfasser], Rupert [Akademischer Betreuer] Lasser, Mitsuharu [Akademischer Betreuer] Otani, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Langemann. "A coupled system of ordinary and partial differential equations modeling the swelling of mitochondria / Sabine Eisenhofer. Gutachter: Mitsuharu Otani ; Dirk Langemann ; Rupert Lasser. Betreuer: Rupert Lasser." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037198336/34.
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Bakradze, Nino, and Nino Bakradze. "A Study of Otar Taktakishvili’s Piano Suite: The Influence of the Georgian National Instruments Salamuri, Chonguri, Panduri, Duduki, and Doli." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626620.
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Georgian composer, teacher, conductor, and musicologist Otar Taktakishvili (1924–1989) played a leading role in the revival of Georgian art music in the second half of the 20th century. Despite his multiple duties and close relationship with the USSR regime, Taktakishvili consistently wrote music based on Georgian traditional folk music, hence imprinting and preserving the national Georgian identity through his compositions. These nationalistic influences appear prominently in several of his piano suites and are ubiquitous in the Piano Suite written in 1973.
In the Piano Suite (1973), Taktakishvili adapts and recreates the sonorities, registers, coloristic effects through textural layering and articulations, rhythmic patterns and performance practices of selected Georgian folk instruments at the piano. He creates a unified suite by evoking the sound characteristics of his national instruments. The Piano Suite is unique and likely the only suite in the piano literature based on the imitation of a group of folk instruments, and as such deserves a place in the scholarly literature on world piano music.
An analysis of the pianistic resources used by Taktakishvili to imitate the unique musical qualities and performance practices of five popular Georgian folk instruments reveals a reliance on repetitive rhythmic figures, textural layering, imaginative articulation, and deft use of the registers of the piano. The composer also distinctively implements characteristic modes and harmonic language to evoke the flavor of Georgian folk music.
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Misiewicz, Julian Edward. "The geology and metallogeny of the Otavi mountain land, Damara orogen, SWA/Namibia, with particular reference to the Berg Aukas Zn-Pb-V deposit a model of ore genesis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005571.
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The Olavi Mountain Land is a 10 000 km2 mineral province located at the eastern extremity of the exposed Northern Platform of the Damara Pan African orogenic belt. The Olavi Mountain Land is tbe most important mineral province on the Northern Platform. Exploitation of tbe Cu-Pb-Zn-V province has been on-going since the possession of the territory by the German colonial authority in 1890. Production has been mostly from four mines which in order of importance are Tsumeb, Kombat, Berg Aukas and Abeoab. A second mineral province on the Northern Platform located in the west is centred on Sesfontein where as yet only insignificant mineralization has been noted. Besides these localities, the Northern Platform is conspicuously devoid of notable mineralization. The aim of this thesis has been to document tbe Berg Aukas deposit, an important end-member type of mineralization in the Otavi Mountain Land. The basic premise bas been to show tbat the derivation and localization of the mineralization is a consequence of two broad controls which can be simply summarised as features of the basement and of the carbonate sequences. The geodynamic evolution of the Damara Belt commenced with intra-continental rifting approximately 900 Ma ago. Rift grabens trending north-east were filled by the Nosib Group which comprises mostly clastic lithologies but also some volcanics. The earliest and largest rift is referred to as the Northern Rift. Separation of the Congo, Kalahari, and proto-South American cratons resulted in rifting and rapid downwarping so that an encroaching sea and an Olavi Group carbonate shelf developed along the northern margin of the Northern Rift. Significantly, the carbonates only covered the Northern Rift in the area of the Otavi Mountain Land where a basinal dome, referred to as the Grootfontein Basement High, marked the basin edge. In the west, the carbonates covered the less important Sesfonfein Rift, and it is only in these two areas where Nosib sequences underlie the carbonate platform. Carbonate sedimentation was interrupted by a major period of crustal readjustment and the deposition of an extensive mixtite throughout the geosynclinal Swakop Trough and Northern Platform. This is referred to as the Chuos Formation and subdivides the Olavi Group into a lower Abenab and an upper Tsumeb Subgroup. Reversal of spreading led to plate collision and subduction of tbe Kalahari craton beneath the Congo craton. It was accompanied by orogenesis which resulted in F1 folding of the Northern Platform into a series of north-easterly trending intermontane basins into which a molasse sequence known as the Mulden Group was unconformably deposited. Following this major north-south deformation mild east-west compression initiated F2 folding and the formation of doubly plunging synclines. The Berg Aukas Syncline represents a primary depositional basin which was subsequently folded. The original basin was formed by late Nosib rifting wben spreading caused the Swakop geosynclinal Trough to form. Carbonates of the basal Berg Aukas Formation were deposited in a lagoonal setting typified by reef and fore-reef facies witb peri-platform conditions. Rapid subsidence caused these sediments to be overlain by deep water carbonates of the Gauss Formation. Two styles of mineralization known as the Tsumeb-type and Berg Aukas-type are stratigraphically, isotopically, and mineralogically distinct. The Tsumeb-type is a cupriferous variety of discordant bodies confined to the upper sequences beneath the Mulden unconformity. The Berg Aukas-type is a Zn-Pb variety confined to tbe basal unconformity. The Berg Aukas deposit comprises three ore bodies known as the Northern Ore Horizon, the Central Ore Body, and the Hanging Wall Ore Body. Sphalerite and galena constitute the bypogene ore. Willemite, smithsonite, cerussite, and descloizite are important supergene ores. A review of genetic models concludes that a magmatic origin initially proposed for tbe Tsumeb deposit is entirely rejected and a basin dewatering model in line with Mississippi Valley-type deposits is proposed. The syntectonic nature of mineralization at Berg Aukas and elsewhere in the Otavi Mountain Land indicates that orogenesis encouraged dewatering and leaching of metals from a broad mineralizing front along the margin of the Swakop Trough. These were transported by acidic saline brines which migrated along the clastic aquifers and structural conduits provided by the Northern Rift. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the hydrothermal fluids at Berg Aukas were very saline (23% TDS) and were transported at temperatures ranging between 92° to 210°C. Hydrothermal fluids which mineralized Berg AukaS-type deposits migrated along the basal unconformity towards the basement high and were responsible for hydrothermally altering the basement granites and gabbros and the Nosib clastic rocks. Tsumeb-type deposits resulted by migration of fluids through the carbonate pile and along north-easterly trending basement geofractures. As a consequence of variation in transport, the Berg Aukas-type and Tsumeb-type fluids leached different sources and therefore derived mineralogically and isotopically seperable characteristics. The localization of the Berg Aukas ores was controlled by the carbonate stratigraphy and structure. Hydrothermal karsting and ore deposition took place on the contact between Massive Grey and Light Grey Dolostones which represents a permeability contrast. The movement of the hydrothermal fluids was controlled by north-south trending vertical fractures caused by F2 folding which resulted in a peric1inal structure. Hydrothermal karsting was accompanied by ca1citic, dolomitic and silicic alteration. The heated acidic fluids initiated solution collapse and a variety of breccia types. Supergene processes resulted in oxidation and upgrading of the ore. Vanadium derived indirectly from gabbros in the basement complex were transported as calcium metavanadate complexes and deposited on contact with the oxidizing base metal sulphides.
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Ryan, Shana Marie. "Master's flute recital." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/285.
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BARRETO, Brianna Souza. "Políticas educacionais e curriculares para o exercício do ofício de mestre no Grupo Escolar Doutor Otávio Meira, no município de Benevides, estado do Pará (1965-1976)." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8483.
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Analisou-se a configuração do exercício do ofício de mestre nos grupos escolares no período da ditadura militar brasileira. Constituíram finalidades específicas: averiguar as exigências que eram postas ao exercício do ofício de mestre nos grupos escolares no Brasil no contexto da ditadura militar; analisar a influência das orientações para o ofício de mestre na política curricular proposta para o grupo escolar no período da ditadura militar brasileira; examinar as políticas educacionais propostas pelo Governo do Pará para o ofício de mestre e o currículo dos grupos escolares no período de 1965-1976; analisar a configuração do ideário proposto para o ofício de mestre nas práticas educativas do Grupo Escolar Doutor Otavio Meira, no município de Benevides, Estado do Pará. Adotou-se como método de investigação a pesquisa historiográfica, com uso de fontes bibliográficas, documentais e orais, servindo-se de documentos primários e secundários, incidindo no período de 1965–1976. A escolha do espaço temporal proposto se deve ao momento de transformação da Escola Otavio Meira, naquele momento escola reunida, em grupo escolar, por força da determinação do governo estadual do Pará. A investigação foi composta ainda por narrativas de docentes que compuseram o Grupo Escolar Doutor Otávio Meira no período apresentado. Sob quais exigências institucionais era exercido o ofício de mestre no interior dos grupos escolares no Brasil após o ano de 1964? Em que medida as prescrições para o ofício de mestre afetavam a política curricular do grupo escolar nesse contexto ditatorial? Quais políticas públicas foram concebidas pelos governos do Pará em face do ideário proposto para o ofício de mestre e o currículo dos grupos escolares no período de 1965-1976? Como o ofício de mestre idealizado se desdobrava nas práticas educativas dos intelectuais que se ocupavam do magistério no Grupo Escolar Otávio Meira, no município de Benevides, Estado do Pará? O ofício de Mestre é exercido por alguém que domina um saber específico, uma herança histórica, materializado em um fazer que não pode ser realizado por pessoas sem a devida qualificação. Logo, acompanha o docente para além da escola, visto que ele carrega consigo a imagem de educador construída socialmente, assim como os deveres de sua função como preparação e inquietações que vão além do ambiente escolar.
Analyzed the configuration of teacher craft in school groups during Brazilian military dictatorship period. As specific purposes: to verify the requirements put to the teacher exercise in public schools in Brazil during the military dictatorship; analyze the influence of the guidelines for the teacher craft in the curriculum policy proposal for the school in the period of the Brazilian military dictatorship; examine the educational policies proposed by the Government of Pará to the teacher craft and the curriculum of school in the 1965-1976 period; analyze the configuration of the ideas proposed for the teacher craft in the educational practices of the School Dr. Otavio Meira, in the city of Benevides, State of Pará. The historiographical method was adopted, with use of sources bibliographic, documentary and oral, using primary and secondary documents, focusing on the 1965-1976 period. The choice of the proposed timeline is due to the moment of transformation of the School Otavio Meira, at that time gathered school, school group, under the determination of the state of Pará government. The investigation is also composed of narratives of teachers who formed the School Group Dr. Otávio Meira during the foresaid period. Under what institutional requirements was exercised the teacher craft within the school groups in Brazil after the year 1964? What ways the profession of teacher requirements affected the curriculum policy of school groups in during the dictatorship? What public policies are designed by the governments of Pará in the face of the ideas proposed for the teacher craft and the curriculum of school groups in the period 1965-1976? How the idealized teacher profession managed the educational practices of intellectuals who occupied the teaching in the School Group Otávio Meira, in the city of Benevides, State of Para? Teacher craft is exercised by someone who dominates a specific knowledge, historical heritage, embodied in an action that cannot be done by people without proper qualification. So, the professional follows the teaching beyond the school, since he or she takes the educator image socially constructed, as well as the duties of their role in preparation and concerns that go beyond the school environment.
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Müller, Gabriele [Verfasser]. "The foraging ecology of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) on the Patagonian Shelf / vorgelegt von Gabriele Müller." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973616075/34.
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King, Clive Howard Matthew. "The geology of the Tsumeb carbonate sequence and associated lead-zinc occurrences on the farm Olifantsfontein, Otavi Mountainland, Namibia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11704.
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Soto, Karim H. "The effects of prey abundance on the diet, maternal attendance and pup mortality of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) in Peru." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16219.
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The Peruvian upwelling system is one of the most unpredictable but productive marine
ecosystems in the world that is regularly affected by El Nino and La Nina events. As a
consequence, South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) inhabiting the Peruvian coast face
stochastic fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of their prey.
The goal of my study was to determine the effects of marine environmental changes on the
reproductive success of South American sea lions in Peru on the Ballestas Islands during the
1997-2002 breeding seasons. I also wanted to assess whether changes in diet and maternal
behaviour during this time were proxies of major changes in the abundance of marine
resources.
South American sea lions consumed primarily anchovy and squat lobster during the 1999-
2001 La Nina, but consumed a greater diversity of prey when abundance was low during the
1997-1998 El Nino. Lactating females also modified the length of time they spent at sea and
onshore in response to changes in the abundance of prey. Low abundances and quality of
prey during El Nino caused females to continue foraging for longer periods. This resulted in
greater times between nursing episodes, and ultimately led to the starvation of pups. In
contrast, during the 1999-2001 La Nina, females spent shorter times at sea and longer times
onshore as prey became more abundant.
Pup production and mortality were also directly related to the abundance of prey. Pup
mortality reached 100% during El Nino and remained high during the favourable conditions
of La Nina due to the short-term effects that El Nino had on population dynamics and
subsequent maternal behaviour. Abortions were also higher during El Nino compared to other
years, while numbers of pups bom were significantly reduced during and after El Nino due to
the death of a high proportion of the adult population.
My study suggests that South American sea lions in Peru are highly vulnerable to extreme
changes in prey abundance. It also demonstrates that sea lion reproductive parameters,
maternal attendance, and diet are strongly related to marine environmental conditions and
annual variations in prey abundance. As a result, South American sea lions appear to be good
indicators of stochastic changes in the distribution and abundance of marine resources in the
Peruvian upwelling ecosystem.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Theron, Salomon Johannes. "The North Break Zone of the late Precambrian Otavi carbonate platform sequence in Namibia: stratigraphic setting, petrography and relationship with Tsumeb Cu-Pb-Zn deposit." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10360.
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M.Sc. (Geology)The main objective of this study was to characterize the North Break Zone of the Otavi Mountain Land, Namibia in terms of stratigraphy and petrography and to investigate its relationship with the Tsumeb ore body and other mineralized prospects in the immediate vicinity of Tsumeb. The Late Proterozoic Otavi carbonate platform sequence is famous for its base metal deposits. The North Break Zone is a stratabound zone of sporadic mineralization, brecciation and silicification occurring in the lower part of Iithozone T6 of the Hoffenberg Formation (Tsumeb Subgroup). It intersects the pipe-like Tsumeb Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag ore body at a depth of about 900m below surface. Where the North Break Zone intersects the Tsumeb ore body large massive ore associated with calcitized dolomite, dolomite breccia as well as feldspathic sandstone lenses occur. These features extend along strike and dip outside the normal dimensions of the Tsumeb ore body. The genesis of the Tsumeb ore body is poorly understood. The conventional model is that meteoric fluids circulated through the so-called North Break Zone paleo-aquifer, dissolving carbonate and giving rise to solution collapse and eventually the creation of the Tsumeb karst pipe. However, no direct evidence is available to support this model. This study was devised to critically evaluate the relationship between the North Break Zone and formation of the Tsumeb ore body. The study entailed field mapping, detailed sampling of the stratigraphic sequence and ore bodies, white light, reflected light, UV/blue light and cathodoluminescence petrography. Cathodoluminescence proved to be the most effective petrographic tool for differentiating various carbonate phases. The North Break Zone is defined as a 10 to 14m thick chert free oolitic to intraclastic dolomitic grainstone, stromatolite and mudstone unit, in which discontinuous lenses of mineralized secondary quartz are present. It is interbedded with dark grey cherty micritic dolomite of Lithozone T6 of the HOffenberg Formation. Minor calcification, Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization and manganese and iron enrichment are associated with the quartz-rich bodies. The mineralized quartz bodies are only present up to 2.5km to the west and 2.6km to the east of the Tsumeb ore body. The petrographic study indicated that 1) the epigenetic sequence of carbonate alteration, precipitation of new carbonate phases and mineralization is virtually identical in all Cu-Pb-Zn occurrences and 2) that the mineralization is closely associated with Mn-bearing brightly luminescent (CL) carbonates. Earlier Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide mineralization is associated with Mn-bearing bright red luminescent sparry dolomite (dolomite IIIB). Late stage Cu-arsenate, oxide and silicate mineralization is associated with an episode of Mn-bearing bright yellow luminescent calcite (calcite II) which also causes dolomitization of the associated dolomites. A very simple paragenetic model of mineralization is proposed. The earliest is defined by pre-mineralization calcite (calcite I) vein formation with associated dolomitization. This phase is followed by deposition of kerogen luminescent Mn-bearing dolomite IIIB - quartz and Cu-Pb-Zn sulphides representing the main mineralization event. It is followed by a late mineralization event composed of Mn-bearing calcite (calcite II) with associated Cu-arsenates, oxides and silicates. Supergene alteration is represented by the precipitation of very late stage non-luminescent Mn and Fe-poor calcite (calcite III) and quartz without any associated Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization. The sequence of mineralization is explained by the evolution of a single hydrothermal fluid, from relatively cold to hot and then back to cold, during a major period of fluid migration through the carbonate platform sequence. The North Break Zone probably never acted as a paleo-aquifer for fluids that formed the Tsumeb ore body. Rather hydrothermal fluids moved from the Tsumeb ore body into the North Break Zone. Hydrothermal fluids may have been derived from the Damara orogen to the south of Tsumeb during a period of tectonic loading and thrust deformation.
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LIAO, WEN-HSUAN, and 廖文瑄. "Analysis and Interpretation ofSonata for Flute and Pianoby Otar Taktakishvili." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13225998441379673623.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
音樂學系
104
Otar Taktakishvili （1924-1989）, a composer and conductor from former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, devoted his life in the revitalization of Georgian musical heritage and musical education, which contributed greatly to the development of the ethnic music in this area. The dissertation examine one of the most renowned pieces written by Otar Taktakishvili— the “Sonata for Flute and Piano”. This work has three movements, which contains many elements of folk songs. The first movement is in classical sonata form. It features expressive melodic lines that present the motif of the piece. The second movement is in A-B-A form. Intense emotions are embodied in the melody of this movement. The third movement is a Rondo scherzo. This movement contains the motif of the former movement, but is ingenious manipulated in rhythm to create an energetic movement in contrast to the previous two movements. The composer excelled in the manipulation of musical registers and timbre to emphasize the contrasts between movements and to lead the music to its climax. This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the dissertation. Chapter 2 introduces the cultural background, the life, and the compositional style of Otar Taktakishvili. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of the Sonata by discussing some characteristics of the Sonata, such as structure, rhythm, melody, tonality, and harmony. Chapter 4 proposes some suggestions for interpretation based on the analysis in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 is the conclusion of the dissertation.
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LIAO, WEN-HSUAN, and 廖文瑄. "Analysis and Interpretation of Sonata for Flute and Piano by Otar Taktakishvili." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x948qq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
音樂學系
105
Otar Taktakishvili （1924-1989）is a composer and conductor the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. He devoted his life to the revitalization of Georgian musical heritage and musical education. Due to this, he contributed greatly to the development of Georgian ethnic music. This dissertation examines one of the most renowned pieces written by Taktakishvili— the “Sonata for Flute and Piano.” The three-movement work contains many elements of folk songs. The first movement is in classical sonata form. It features evocative and melodic lines that express the motivation behind this piece. The second movement is in the A-B-A form. Intense emotions are embodied in the melodies within this movement. The third movement is a Rondo scherzo. It contains the elements of the former and yet is ingeniously manipulated in rhythm to create an ambiance different from that of the previous two movements. The composer has excelled in his adroit handling of the musical register. The timbre of his musical output emphasizes the contrasts between the movements and leads the music to its crescendo. This dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the study. Chapter 2 introduces the cultural background, the life, and the compositional style of Otar Taktakishvili. Chapter 3 presents an analysis of his most celebrated Sonata in terms of its structure, rhythm, melody, tonality, and harmony. Chapter 4 presents some suggestions based on the analysis done in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 concludes the dissertation.
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Huang, Chao-Huang, and 黃朝煌. "The History and Architectural Constitution of Otani Kozui’s Shoyoen in Kaohsiung City in the late period of Japanese governance." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34308325726986259380.
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碩士國立高雄大學
都市發展與建築研究所
97
The master of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple——Kyonyo(Earl Otani Kozui) settled down in Kaohsiung in 1940. Otani Kozui built a delicate villa in TAIKŌHO and named as Shoyoen which meant living in pastoral landscape in after years. Since the end of World War II and the fall back of Japanese forces; the Shoyoen was transferred and transformed to military dependent’s village. Otani Kozui was nevertheless in the outstanding positions in both society and international status in Japanese colonial period ,therefore the research found there was a great gap between the Otani Kozui’s outstanding positions and the downfall of Shoyoen.The research aimed to help people to understand the cultural villa with Otani Kozui’s constitution skills by making a comparison between the origins of Shoyoen and its architecture constitution. The research consisted of two parts: “history research“ and “architectural research”.The “history research” aimed to having a discussion between the development of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple and the international events，business investment those were involved with Otani Kozui under the background of modern history to explore the emergence of various reasons during the blooming period of Shoyoen. The “architectural research“ aimed to find the evidences from the various occurred questions during the investigations of Shoyoen history research and the report of “New Taiwan Daily News” and then to discuss how Otani Kozui’s thoughts and behaviours affected the design of the villa.The research helped people to understand the purpose and the use of Shoyoen. Furthermore, the research deduced the relations between architecture and landscape of the villa.
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Cao, Shijie, and 曹世杰. "Biological Characteristics of Endotrombicula sp. (Acari: Trombiculidae) Infestations in Buergeria otai (Lissamphibia: Rhacophoridae)." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28455b.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
106
Buergeria otai is an endemic species in southeastern Taiwan. It is small and slender, and enjoys living in streams and ditches at low and middle altitudes. Because the appearance is very similar to the Buergeria japonica, Buergeria otai was previously considered as Buergeria japonica until 2017 that it was identified as a new species. Recently, red orange and white capsules were found on the integument of some Buergeria otai. The capsules were distributed throughout the body, while the density was highest near the cloaca. Upon examination, it was found that the capsules were caused by chigger larvae infestation. The morphological observation of the chigger was performed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The chigger had three pairs of legs, the leg segments were 7-7-7, and there were 4 solenidia in Genu I; scutum had a quadrilateral shape and sensillum was nude globose. Therefore, the larvae were identified as Endotrombicula sp., and different from other described species, which justify description of a new species. Histopathology revealed that the larvae of the chiggers were encased in capsules by inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts, and there was only one chigger in each capsule. In addition, the chigger did not cause serious lesions in Buergeria otai. In the following experiment, it was observed that the larvae left the host''s body after the death of the host and entered the environment. Attempted to culture the larvae which entered the environment in vitro, but did not success. This study identified the chigger which infested Buergeria otai as a new species of the Endotrombicula, and explored some of its biological characteristics.