Dissertations / Theses: 'Otac'

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Davanzo, Enrico Maria Sebastiano <1994&gt. ""Otac" di Miljenko Jergovic. Proposta di traduzione e commento." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14462.

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Il presente elaborato consiste nella traduzione del libro Otac (“Padre”) dello scrittore croato-bosniaco Miljenko Jergović (1966- vivente), pubblicato a Belgrado dall’editore Rende nell’estate del 2010. Il libro corrisponde al tentativo da parte dell’autore di ricostruire la vita del proprio padre, medico sarajevese ed ex-partigiano, messa in relazione al contesto storico e culturale dell’ex-Jugoslavia attraverso le numerose digressioni che inframmezzano il racconto. Tali caratteristiche permettono di ricondurre l’opera a categorie letterarie diverse: romanzo, saggio, prosa biografica e memorialistica. Risulta centrale la riflessione condotta da Jergović sul legame tra appartenenza nazionale e responsabilità storica collettiva. Sono inoltre presenti tematiche ricorrenti nella produzione dello scrittore: la guerra, il nazionalismo, il rapporto dell’individuo con la propria identità. L’elaborato si struttura in quattro capitoli: i primi due ospitano un breve profilo bio-bibliografico dell’autore e un commento all’opera tradotta. Di questi sarà fornita una traduzione in croato. Il terzo capitolo presenta il testo tradotto in italiano. Il quarto è dedicato al commento traduttologico. Questo comprende l’esposizione delle diverse fasi del processo traduttivo e delle strategie adottate per trasporre l’opera dalla lingua croata in quella italiana, illustrate attraverso una selezione di esempi testuali significativi.

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Elías, Pérez Elizabeth, and Mauricio Kayser. "OTEC CENCOSUD." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117543.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración
Autores no envían autorización, para ser publicada en el Portal de Tesis Electrónicas de la U. de Chile.
Elías Pérez, Elizabeth [Parte I Análisis estratégico y de mercado],Kayser, Mauricio [Parte II Análisis organizativo y financiero]
El informe que se presenta a continuación, consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de negocios para un Organismo Técnico de Capacitación interno de Cencosud, dependiente de la unidad de negocios de retail financiero. El principal propósito de la creación de esta OTEC no es generar ingresos por la actividad de capacitación, sino ser una UEN que tenga como misión internalizar conocimientos al equipo de cajas (Jumbo, Easy) con el fin de poder mejorar la productividad y que la compañía pueda incrementar la venta con el medio de pago propio (Tarjeta Cencosud) y los productos financieros del retail (Avance en efectivo, créditos de consumo y seguros). Sin embrago, con el desarrollo de este trabajo, pudimos comprobar que esta unidad de negocios, también puede generar ingresos importantes a la compañía, con un VAN, al finalizar los 10 años de operación de M$5.242.458 y una TIR= 254%. Ya al primer año de operación, el ROI= 91% El alcance del proyecto es Chile, específicamente la Región de Santiago y a los supermercados Jumbo en esta primera etapa. Esto es debido a la dotación y la posibilidad de uso de la franquicia tributaria SENCE. De resultar este intra-emprendimiento, se podría expandir la operación a todas las regiones de Chile y a los otros retail del holding. Para esto, se creará un Organismo Técnico de Capacitación (OTEC), que contará con un equipo interno interdisciplinario, con el fin de ofrecer los servicios de capacitación a las diferentes Unidades de Negocio de Cencosud. La OTEC Cencosud, Capacita, será́ una unidad estratégica de negocio autosustentable, que ofrecerá́ formación con un modelo único de aprendizaje, impregnado de la Cultura Cencosud. Contará con un equipo propio, contenido de excelencia y a menor costo para las Unidades de Negocio

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Henríquez, Arratia María Isabel, and Estay Christhoper Jonnathan Estay. "OTEC para conductores profesionales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137668.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración
María Isabel Henríquez A. [Parte I Análisis estratégico y de mercado] , Christhoper Jonnathan Estay Estay [Parte II Análisis organizativo - financiero]
Chile es un país cuya economía se orienta a la explotación y exportación de recursos naturales. Sin embargo, su ubicación respecto de los mercados internacionales, y sus características geográficas hacen que el transporte de cargas por carretera sea de vital importancia para la economía del país y que los costos de transporte para las empresas sean superiores a los de países competidores. Los choferes de camiones están siendo cada vez más escasos. Incluso algunos calculan que se necesitan cada año entre 14.000 y 15.000 conductores nuevos1: 18.000 camiones para 4.000 licencias (A5) por año, cifra que podría llegar a 20.000 al año 2016. Ante esta situación, se identifica la necesidad de la falta de mano de obra calificada de conductores de camiones para la empresa LINSA S.A. y también para todo el sector de la industria de transporte de camiones de carga2. En razón de lo anterior, la oportunidad detectada es crear un intra-emprendimiento en la empresa Transportes LINSA S.A., enfocado en proveer conductores de carga profesionales calificados. Específicamente, en una primera etapa, realizar una OTEC3 que aumente la cantidad y calidad de conductores con licencia A-3 (buses) y A-5 (camiones) en la empresa LINSA S.A. En una segunda etapa del emprendimiento, la oportunidad es ofrecer este servicio para toda la industria de transporte de carga, también enfocado al transporte en la industria minera, de la zona norte grande del país. De esta forma, el presente plan de negocios se encuentra inmerso en la industria de los Organismos Técnicos de Capacitación (OTEC) para empresas grandes de transporte de carga, para la industria minera, en la zona norte de Chile. Los principales competidores en la región de Iquique identificados por los conductores de Linsa S.A. son: Automóvil Club De Chile Ltda, Soc. Comercial Esc. De Conductores Luz Verde Ltda., Escuela De Conductores Profesionales Fenix E.I.R.L. y Escuela de Conductores Hernando de Magallanes. Los atributos más valorados por los potenciales clientes son: menor costo del curso, menor duración del curso y menores requisitos para cursarlo. Del análisis de Porter se concluyer que en la primera etapa de este intra-emprendimiento, la rivalidad de los competidores será baja con una buena rentabilidad y estabilidad, situación que cambia en la segunda etapa, donde la rentabilidad del negocio se verá afectada por el aumento en la rivalidad de los competidores. Las principales ventajas competitivas que tienen este son: Relatores con experiencia, know-how industria minera y transporte, nombre de la marca, ofrecer prácticas inter-empresa y generar oportunidades laborales. Dentro de los principales stakeholders están: Sence, otras empresas de transporte, organismos reguladores del estado, municipalidades y los relatores. El simulador de inmersión es una ventaja competitiva transitoria, ya que es de fácil imitación. El mercado potencial de las empresas de transporte es de 12.600 personas al año, equivalente a US$14.400.000 al año. El mercado objetivo es el siguiente: • Primera Etapa: 120 alumnos equivalente a US$137.000 al año • Segunda Etapa: 488 alumnos equivalente a US$557.000 al año La estructura de recursos humanos es bastante plana, pero cada uno con funciones bien definidas y con las responsabilidades de controlar las partes administrativas y de contenido. En el plan financiero confirma, a través de todos sus indicadores presentados, la factibilidad financiera del presente proyecto, por cuanto presenta un VAN positivo equivalente a $414.359.077, una TIR de 48,57% que es muy superior a la tasa exigida al proyecto de 15,68%, y la inversión se recupera aproximadamente a los 2 años de iniciada la operación del negocio. Este se muestra rentable para cualquier inversor, siendo el financiamiento una variable menor, debido a lo atractivo del proyecto.

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Laestander, Joakim, and Simon Laestander. "OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98974.

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OTEC is a technology where power is produced by utilizing the temperature difference in the oceans between surface water and water from the deep. It is considered that a temperature difference of 20K is required – a temperature difference found close to the equator.This report investigates if OTEC can produce enough electricity to provide 100 000 people, living on a generic island of 10 km2 somewhere alongside the equator in the pacific ocean, with their electricity needs. In this project a literature review has been made to establish a basic knowledge of OTEC and later a mathematical model has been programmed and simulated. Finally the results of the simulation has been examined and discussed.Two different cycles has been simulated alongside each other with the goal to establish which one of these two cycles that were best suited the island. To facilitate computing some assumptions and simplifications were made.The closed cycle (CC) was the most effective but the open cycle (OC) had several positive synergies that the closed cycle didn’t have. The costs of a facility of both cycles were based on older studies in the field and the conclusion was that the open cycle was the cheaper one. Facilities of both cycles can effectively meet the islands energy needs but if OC is chosen before CC more facilities has to be built due to the OC has lower energy output.Further work and development is necessary before OTEC seriously can challenge todays fossil fuel based energy systems, or until the oil starts to get too expensive. Today OTEC technology demands large investments but if the positive environmental effects and the fact that the island releases itself from import of energy are taken into account there are incentives to invest in OTEC already.
OTEC är en teknik där kraft utvinns från havsvatten genom att utnyttja temperaturdifferensen mellan ytvatten och vatten från djupet. Denna teknik kräver dock generellt en temperaturdifferens på minst 20K. En sådan temperaturskillnad är geografiskt begränsad till den tropiska zonen runt ekvatorn.I rapporten undersöks om OTEC kan användas till att förse 100 000 människor, boende på en 10 stor generisk ö i just den tropiska zonen, med dess elbehov. I detta projekt har det gjorts en litteraturstudie för att etablera en kunskapsbas och sedan gjorts en matematisk modell i programmet EES och slutligen har resultaten från modellen granskats och diskuterats. I modellen jämfördes två olika cykler och målet var att bestämma vilken av dessa som var det bästa alternativet för ön. För att underlätta beräkningarna gjordes vissa antaganden och förenklingar.Den slutna cykeln var mest effektiv men den öppna cykeln (OC) hade positiva synergieffekter som den sluta cykeln (CC) saknade. Kostnaden för en anläggning baserades på äldre studier och enligt dessa var den öppna cykeln billigare än den slutna. Anläggningar av de båda cyklerna kan tillgodose den fiktiva öns energibehov, det behöver dock byggas fler anläggningar om OC väljs framför CC.Det kommer krävas ytterligare arbete med att utveckla tekniken innan OTEC på allvar kan utmana dagens fossilbränslebaserade energisystem – eller att oljan helt enkelt blir för dyr. Idag är OTEC för dyrt för att kunna motiveras rent ekonomiskt, men om även miljövinsterna beaktas, samt att ön befriar sig från importer och därigenom får större kontroll över sitt eget energisystem, finns goda incitament att investera i OTEC redan idag.

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Karkiainen, Ida, and Mika Reichel. "OTEC-Ett energialternativ för enhållbar ö." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98971.

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a technology that utilizes the temperaturedifference in oceans between the warm surface water and the cold water at 1000 m depthto produce electricity. The purpose of this report is to investigate if OTEC with its synergiescould become a commercially feasible energy solution for a small island. A literature reviewis conducted to explore the different OTEC technologies and to what extent the threesynergies; fresh water, air conditioning and aquaculture, could be used. In order to calculatethe profitability of these synergies there is also a study conducted on the conventionalmethods and cost of fresh water production, aquaculture and air conditioning. A model is setup using a scenario of a small tropical Island with population of 100 000 people. The islandselectricity, freshwater and cooling demand is investigated.The profitability for four different OTEC plants is calculated and it is found that all the plantsare profitable if all the synergies are utilized and the oil price is above 120 $/fat. Therevenues from freshwater production and cooling greatly contribute to the profitability.
Målet med denna studie är att undersöka om Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) meddess synergier kan vara en konkurrenskraftig energilösning på en fiktiv ö. I en litteraturstudieundersöks olika typer OTEC-teknologier. Litteraturstudien undersöker även i vilkenomfattning de tre synergierna; sötvatten, fjärrkyla och akvakultur kan framställas från OTEC.För att kunna genomföra en analys på hur synergierna påverkar OTEC-teknikens lönsamhetundersöks även hur sötvatten, kyla och akvakultur framställs konventionellt idag. Genom enekonomisk modell genomförs sedan beräkningar för att ta reda på om en OTEC-anläggningkan vara ett lönsamt energialternativ på en ö i Stilla havet med en befolkning på 100 000personer. El-, sötvatten- och kylbehovet på ön estimeras från andra områden med liknandeförutsättningar.Lönsamheten för fyra olika OTEC-anläggningar analyseras och dessa anläggningar visar sigvara ekonomiskt lönsamma ifall alla synergier nyttjas och om oljepriset är över 120 $/fat.Intäkterna från sötvatten och fjärrkyla bidrar starkt till lönsamheten för OTEC.

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Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de [UNESP]. "Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influência na região, há maiores vantagens em engajar a OTAN no Atlântico Sul. Por outro lado, a falta de clareza dos objetivos da organi-zação na região cria uma imagem de desconfiança para as potências regionais (Brasil, Argen-tina) que assumem uma postura defensiva em evitar a interferência de atores extrarregionais em seus espaços estratégicos. De forma geral, a pesquisa mostra que a participação da Aliança no Atlântico Sul serve para reforçar os interesses dos aliados e reformular as relações de força na região por meio de acordos diplomáticos, exercícios militares conjuntos, formação de par-cerias, intercâmbio de recursos e capacidades como se vê nas relações da OTAN com Cabo Verde, Mauritânia, Colômbia e outros países desse entorno regional.
In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there are greater advantages in engaging NATO in the South Atlantic. On the other hand, the lack of clarity of the organization's objectives in the region creates a distrust image for the regional powers (Brazil, Argentina) that take a defensive stance in avoiding the inter-ference of extra-regional actors in their strategic spaces. Overall, the research shows that the Alliance's participation in the South Atlantic serves to reinforce the interests of allies and to reshape the region's power relations through diplomatic agreements, joint military exercises, partnerships, exchange of resources and capacity as it is seen in NATO relations with Cape Verde, Mauritania, Colombia and other countries in this region.

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Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de. "Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul." Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.

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Orientador: Carlos Gustavo Poggio Teixeira
Resumo: No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Saud, S. Rodrigo, and I. Oscar Canales. "OTEC para capacitación de trabajadores extranjeros." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167864.

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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN
Saud S., Rodrigo [Parte I], Canales I., Oscar [Parte II]
La llegada masiva de extranjeros a buscar una mejor calidad de vida ha cambiado drásticamente el panorama del mercado laboral chileno. Esto debido a que dichas personas están siendo contratados para labores de baja calificación, que los trabajadores chilenos no están dispuestos a realizar, al menos por el salario que sus pares internacionales si están aceptando. Lo descrito anteriormente abre una oportunidad única, a partir de la cual el presente informe expone una manera de aprovechar una idea de negocio, que consiste en la creación de una empresa de capacitación orientada a trabajadores extranjeros, de manera que éstos puedan insertarse en forma rápida y eficiente dentro de sus respectivos equipos de trabajo. Así, se busca que los empleadores puedan percibir los beneficios de contar con trabajadores mejor capacitados y de alta efectividad por el hecho de eliminar barreras asociadas a idiosincrasia, jerga y naturaleza del mercado laboral chileno, así como también, la mejora en competencias técnicas necesarias. A la luz de los análisis realizados, se propone una empresa de bajo costo, con una alta eficiencia en su funcionamiento y un intensivo seguimiento tanto a prospectos como clientes, de manera de que se aprovechen al máximo todas las instancias de contacto para potenciales ventas, y por último asegurar la calidad del servicio entregado. Así, aprovechando que la mayoría de los OTEC presentes en el mercado se orienta a aquellos trabajadores que cuentan con altos niveles de renta y preparación, esta propuesta va a rubros clásicos como son la construcción, manufactura, hotelería y restaurantes, y a trabajadores de baja calificación y con rentas bajas. La idea es ofrecer capacitaciones tanto en dependencias propias como de los clientes, con una alta coordinación, que busca optimizar la capacidad disponible. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, se requiere de una inversión inicial de $94.042.779, obtenido a partir de deuda. Con una tasa de descuento para cinco años de un 15,647%, se obtiene un VAN de $178.136.517 y una TIR de 63,81%. El payback del proyecto es de 1,87 años, y un ROI promedio de 116%. Para el inversionista, se proyecta un VAN de $ 233.136.517 y una TIR de 130,24%, lo cual hace atractivo invertir en el proyecto planteado.

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Castellanos, Onorio Olaya Pirene. "Estudio de la estabilidad termica de la ocratoxina a durante el tostado del café (Coffea arabica)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20033.

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L'ochratoxine A (OTA) est un métabolite secondaire produit par des espèces appartenant aux genres Aspergillus et Penicillium qui a été liée à certaines conditions avec des effets néphrotoxiques, immunotoxiques, tératogènes et cancérogènes. La présence d'OTA dans le café vert a été détectée depuis 1974 et sa transmission à la boisson a été mise en évidence en 1989. La torréfaction du café est un procédé thermique qui peut avoir un effet sur la teneur en OTA, avant 1988, on pensait que l'OTA était détruite pendant la torréfaction, mais après plusieurs chercher sont des résultats contradictoires publiés dans % de réduction (de 0 à 100%). Plusieurs auteurs émis les hypothèses suivantes pour expliquer cette réduction : Isomérisation de la toxine dans la position C3 formant un diastéréoisomère moins toxique (Studer-Rohr et al, 1995 et Bruinink et al, 1997), protection de la dégradation d’OTA par l'humidité du grain (Boudra et al 1995; Blanc et al, 1998 et Stegen et al, 2001.), existence de réactions avec le café toxine parent ou réarrangements de la molécule OTA à températures de torréfaction (Suarez-Quiroz et al, 2005). Une autre étude sur la dégradation thermique de OTA pure a montré la formation de deux composés moins toxiques, 14-(R)-ochratoxine A et de la 14-descarboxi-ochratoxine A (Cramer et al, 2008). Parce qu'il n'y a pas de données concluantes sur l'effet de la torréfaction sur l'OTA dans le grain et le besoin de bases scientifiques pour établir des règles pour l'exportation de café vert, l'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier l'impact des différents types de torréfaction sur la stabilité thermique de l'OTA dans le café et l'élucidation chimique des produits de transformation. Deux niveaux de contamination ont été obtenus à partir de café contaminés artificiellement par Aspergillus westerdijkiae (5,3 et 57,2 ppb d'OTA). Ces lots sont grillés à 230° en utilisant deux méthodes : La torréfaction à tambour (TR) et à lit fluidisé (LF). Les échantillons ont été prélevés toutes les 3 min pour TR et chaque min 0,9 pour LF pour quantifier la valeur résiduelle d¡¯OTA. Les résultats ont montré que le procédé de torréfaction par TR (plus lent) était plus efficace que la FL dans l'élimination de l'OTA (67% et 36%, respectivement, pour une torréfaction moyenne). Nous avons déterminé le taux de dégradation thermique de OTA pure et de l'OTA mélangée avec les composants du café (5 sucres, 3 acides aminés, la caféine et les acides chlorogéniques), montrant que les interactions se déroulent en fonction des conditions de pH et de pKa des composants testés, dans ce cas, en influant sur la réactivité et la vitesse de dégradation de l'OTA. Un produit de transformation (PT) a été observé sur les chromatogrammes obtenus à partir de l'interaction de l'OTA avec les composants du café. Des tests d'alcalinisation et de chauffage de OTA pure ont confirmé que le PT provient de la modification structurale de la molécule d'OTA et n’est pas un produit de l'interaction avec les composants naturels du café. L'effet du pH et de la température sur l'extraction de l'OTA dans le café contaminé a été testé dans ce travail, les résultats ont montré une plus grande extraction de la toxine à un pH de 8,5 et 6°. Au même pH à 20° il y avait une plus importante formation d'un produit de transformation. Le PT a été purifié pour mener à bien sa caractérisation chimique. La nature chimique du produit de transformation, les données spectroscopiques telles que celles obtenus sous UV-Vis (max: 237nm), l'affinité avec la phase mobile de l'OTA, l'analyse de l'alcalinisation (phénomène de régénération de l'OTA et PT), l'analyse d’isotopes stables (SIDA’s) et le spectre de masse (ion moléculaire M+1: 420 m/z), suggèrent que la structure de le PT d'OTA durant le processus de torréfaction correspond à un analogue de l'OTA qui conserve son groupe carboxyle acide et conformément à la fragmentation correspond à la Hydroxy-ochratoxine A (OH-OTA), avec des quantités mineures d’ OTA et de ses isomères
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by species belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and this toxin has been associated with certain illnesses within nephrotoxic effects, immunotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. The presence of OTA in green coffee was detected in 1974 and its transmission into the beverage was made evident in 1989. Roasting coffee is a thermal process that have an effect on the OTA content. Before 1988 it was thought that the OTA was destroyed during roasting, but after several investigations, results published are contradictory results published in the % reduction (from 0 to 100%). Several authors have established hypothesis that try explain this reduction: Isomerization of the toxin in the C3 position forming a less toxic diastereomers (Studer-Rohr et al., 1995 and Bruinink et al., 1997), Protection of grain moisture degradation OTA (Boudra et al., 1995; Blanc et al., 1998 and Stegen et al., 2001), Existence of reactions with the parent toxin coffee or rearrangements of the OTA molecule roasting temperatures (200¡ã and 250¡ãC) (Su¨¢rez-Quiroz et al., 2005). Another study on thermal degradation of pure OTA showed the formation of two less toxic compounds 14 - (R)-ochratoxin A and the 14-descarboxi-Ochratoxin A (Cramer et al., 2008).Because there are no conclusive data regarding the effect of roasting on OTA in grain and the need for scientific bases for establishing regulations for export of green coffee, the objective of this work was to study the impact of different types of roasting on the thermal stability of OTA in coffee and chemical elucidation of the transformation products.Two levels of contamination were obtained by the contamination of coffee with a strain of A. westerdijkiae (5.3 and 57.2 ppb of OTA). These lots were roasted at 230 ¡ã C using two methods: Drum rotation (TR) and fluidized bed (LF). Samples were taken every 3 min from TR and every 0.9 min for LF to quantify the residual OTA. The results showed that in roasting process by TR (slower), it was more effective than with LF in the elimination of OTA (67% and 36%, respectively, for a medium roast). The thermal degradation rate of pure OTA and of OTA mixed with the components of coffee (5 sugars, 3 amino acids, caffeine and chlorogenic acids), were determined, showing that interactions took place dependent themselves on the conditions of pH and pKa values of the components tested, in this case by influencing by the reactivity and the rate of degradation of OTA. A transformation product (TP) was observed in the chromatograms obtained from the interaction of OTA with the components of coffee. A test of alkalinization and warming of pure OTA confirmed that the TP comes from the structural modification of the OTA molecule and is not a product of interaction with the natural components of coffee. The pH and temperature showed an effect in extraction of OTA in contaminated coffee, the results show better extraction of the toxin at pH 8.5 at 60 ¡ãC. At the same pH at 20 ¡ãC, it was shown a greater formation of the transformation product.The TP was purified to carry out its chemical characterization. The chemical nature of compound transformation and spectroscopic data such as UV-Vis (¦Ëmax: 237nm), the affinity with the mobile phase of the OTA, the analysis of alkalinization (OTA regeneration phenomenon and TP) analysis of stable isotopes (SIDA's) and the mass spectrum (molecular ion M +: 420 m / z), suggest that structurally the TP of OTA during the roasting process corresponds to an analogue of OTA which retains its acidic carboxyl group and in accordance to fragmentation corresponds to the Hydroxi- Ochratoxin A (OH-OTA), as well as minor amounts of OTA and its isomers

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Almerud, Eva-Kersti. "Ota Pavels sagovärld : Biografiska, narratologiska och språkliga perspektiv på Ota Pavels författarskap." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-111802.

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Abstract The present dissertation analyzes the role of the fairy tale in the literary works of the Czech author Ota Pavel. Ota Pavel (1930–1973) started as a sports reporter and later became a popular and esteemed writer of fiction, mainly short stories. His works have been translated to many languages, among them Swedish. The study consists of a biographical reading of Ota Pavel’s texts and a discussion of the function of the fairy tale in his stories. My analysis of his literary development and use of various prose elements is based on narratological theories of the fairy tale – Karel Čapek’s motifs and fairytale characters, Gérard Genette’s paratexts and Vladimir Propp’s functions and dramatis personae – and includes remarks on the function of diminutives, etc. Ota Pavel is also viewed in the context of the literary landscape of his time – the 1960s and 1970s – and the reception of his work is discussed. Pavel’s stories contain a number of characteristic features which together form his unique style: direct allusions and references to fairy tales--for example, fairies and witches – and the linguistic markers and distinctive use of the narrator’s voice. One of the most common characters in Ota Pavel’s work is the hero, who, often with the assistance of magical objects or supernatural helpers, defeats supernatural antagonists or solves impossible tasks. Developing and growing as he – the hero is usually male–strives toward his goal, Pavel’s protagonist struggles not with dragons and giants, but with himself and his own difficulties and misfortunes. Earlier research refers to Ota Pavel’s two “genres”: sports prose and retrospective, or “memory” prose. This study shows that the boundary between the two is fluid, and that all Pavel’s work might be called memory prose. The title of this thesis – Ota Pavels sagovärld (The Fairytale World of Ota Pavel) – indicates the perspective from which the subject is approached. On the one hand, it alludes to the influence of the fairy tale on Pavel’s work, while on the other it points to the fact that his own life was such that he sometimes needed to retreat into a fantasy world of his own. Keywords: Tjeckisk litteratur, saga, Ota Pavel, narratologi, Tjeckoslovakien

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Cartes, Lillo Marcial de la Cruz. "Liceo técnico profesional : liceo, centro comunitario, otec." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100670.

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Los factores que motivaron la elección del tema, fue la posibilidad de tomar un proyecto que ya está en curso por parte del Municipio, el cual tiene a simple vista gran rentabilidad social no sólo como Liceo Técnico, sino que también como centro de desarrollo social y organismo técnico capacitador del Municipio (OTEC). Al enfretar el proyecto a las grandes carencias de equipamiento, la pobreza y el riesgo social que presenta la comuna, permiten afirmar que el Liceo es una gran herramienta para la superación de la pobreza otorgando herramientas educacionales para el mundo laboral actual, además de ser un decisivo aporte al desarrollo personal de las familias y vecinos del sector, potenciando organizaciones sociales y diversas actividades extraprogramáticas.

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Constante, Albano Samuel Queirós. "Navegação autónoma em loiters normalizados pela OTAN." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2017.

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Actualmente, o desenvolvimento de orientação, navegação e sistemas de controlo de aeronaves tem sido uma área de forte exploração. Com a necessidade de resposta a sistemas mais confiáveis e robustos, tem existido uma criação de inúmeros métodos relacionados com o desempenho da aeronave. Pretende-se com este trabalho, propor um método de navegação autónoma em loiters normalizados pela OTAN. Para tal utiliza-se, um método não linear de controlo feedback baseado nas derivadas de Lie para a orientação de navegação de veículos aéreos não tripulados (UAV). Parametrizando cada loiter, obtemos para cada um dos casos, uma trajectória quadrimensional que permitiu uma orientação para uma aeronave, sem ultrapassar as restrições das variáveis de controlo.

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Lira, Janaina Rosa. "Águas da Pan-Amazônia: a gestão de recursos hídricos em tempos de escassez (1970-2012)." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2014. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=399.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As mudanças ocorridas no cenário internacional durante a segunda metade do século XX possibilitaram um reordenamento na configuração da agenda internacional, na qual foram incluídos novos temas, entre eles, o meio ambiente, o qual adquiriu destaque político, econômico e acadêmico. As discussões ambientais em âmbito nacional iniciaram-se na década de 1960 e tomaram proporções internacionais nos anos de 1970, que se traduziram em importantes encontros como as Conferências de Estocolmo, de Joanesburgo e do Rio de Janeiro, nos quais eram debatidas questões relevantes, direcionando o foco para a Pan-Amazônia, em virtude de sua riqueza natural. Considerando que a questão hídrica, dentro da temática do meio ambiente, tornou-se um assunto de relevância política e o fato da Pan-Amazônia possuir a maior Bacia hidrográfica do mundo levaram ao delineamento do objeto desta pesquisa, a qual tem por fim investigar, a partir do contexto da escassez de recursos hídricos, os esforços existentes no âmbito da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA) para o gerenciamento das águas da Bacia do rio Amazonas.
Los cambios en el escenario internacional durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX hicieron posible una reorganización en la configuración de la agenda internacional. En esta, se incluyeron nuevos temas, entre ellos, el medio ambiente, que adquirió gran foco en los medios académicos, políticos y económicos. Discusiones ambientales a nivel nacional se iniciaron en la década de 1960 y tomaron proporciones internacionales en la década de 1970, lo que llevó a las principales reuniones como la Conferencia de Estocolmo, Johannesburgo y Río de Janeiro, donde se discutieron temas relevantes, dirigiendo el foco a la Pan-Amazonia, debido a su riqueza natural. Considerando que el problema del agua, en el tema del médio ambiente, se ha convertido en una cuestión de gran importancia política y el hecho de que la Pan-Amazonia posee la mayor cuenca hidrográfica del mundo llevaram a la delimitación del objeto de esta investigación, que tiene como objetivo investigar, desde el contexto de los recursos hídricos escasos, los esfuerzos ya existentes dentro de la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA) para la gestión de las aguas de la cuenca del río Amazonas.

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Alarcón, Gómez Jaime Esteban, and Langer Marcelo Andrés Yáñez. "Otec diseñando capacitaciones desde el teatro MMY Escénica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117226.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración
Autor, no envía autorización para ingresar a Portal de Tesis Electrónicas de la U. de Chile
Parte I y II
Este plan de negocio c orresponde a la creación de la primera OTEC ESCÉNICA del país, lo que la hace diferente a todas la s que hoy en día existen en Chile. Esta diferencia viene dada por la forma, técnica s y herramientas que se utilizarán para entregar las capacitaciones. É stas se generan en un 100% desde las técnicas y herramientas del teatro, es decir, a cada capacitación, independiente del tema a t ratar, se le incorporan juegos de roles, d inámicas teatrales u otras actividades que sean necesarias para poder lograr el objetivo del curso : “solucionar un problema o entregar una mejora real en la operación contingente de la empresa ”. L os cursos son creados con y para la empresa, no existen 2 cu rsos iguales en MMY Escénica , sumado a esto , cada curso tiene un módulo final de educación financier a para la familia, lo que hace una distinción automática co n el resto de los OTEC del país . Este plan de negocio nace debido a la necesidad de capacitaciones de calidad, por parte de 5 empresas: Prontomatic, Intertrade, Laboratorio Ballerina, Agrícola Ballerina y Holgrei, empresas donde los fundadores del OTEC ocupan cargos gerenciales de relevan cia, con lo cual han conseguido ser considerados como organismo de capacitación exclusivo para ellas. Con este desafío se plantea un OTEC que innove y logre un desempeño sobresaliente en el mercado de la capacitación , a través de la entre ga de servicios, e n el área de administración de personal, enfocada en aumentar la empleabilidad y desarrollo de habilidades personales como: liderazgo, trabajo en equipo, manejo de temas difíciles y finanza s personales, siendo impartidos, alejándose de las capacitaciones t radicionales y transformándose en el primer OTEC escénico del país, donde todas las capacitaciones se desarrollan teniendo como base las técnicas y herramientas teatrales. La OTEC está compuesta por un equipo de profesionales de alto nivel ejecutivo y act ores pedagogos, con enormes ga nas de emprender y desarrollar esta nueva forma de capacitar. La OTEC en general ofrece servicios profesionales de gran utilidad para ayudar a los directivos de las organizaciones a identificar y definir los principales proble mas que las afectan , con el objetivo de alcanzar sus propósitos fundamentales . El plan de negocio muestra una oportunidad de inversión importante ya que para los inversionista s, la TIR esperada en un pla zo de 3 años corresponde a un 88%, con un VAN de $53.617.032 .

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Volpe, Nathalie. "Naevus d'ota : a propos de deux cas ; revue de la litterature." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20004.

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Mattila, T. (Tuomas). "“Mä otan tuommoisen perinteisen combon; et otan tuon stuntin suoraan tänne skilliksi”:mixing English and Finnish in a role-playing game." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201711303225.

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In my Masters’ thesis, I studied the intertwining of English and Finnish in spoken language, in a setting of playing a pen-and-paper role-playing game. My main focus was to study the phenomenon as a whole, to see how and why English is mixed into Finnish. The theoretical framework drew on multilingualism and superdiversity of language, as the current paradigm sees language as in a state of constant change. I used autoethnography as my method, in order to find out where code-mixing and borrowing occurred and to gain insight, by using my own experiences as guide, on why it happened. I hoped that my own experiences and feelings could shed more light into the intertwining of the two languages. The study was conducted by recording one full session of role-playing, with five participants including myself. The role-playing setting enabled a good use of the autoethnographic method and created an authentic situation for the language use. Since the rules of the role-playing game were in English, as is the usual case, the English use was probably more pronounced than in an everyday conversation. It enabled me to gather a lot of data even from a single session, proving the setting to be fruitful. The study showed intertwining of the languages in multiple ways. It occurred regularly in the conversations and in many different varieties, including but not limited to terminology, exclamations and anglicizations. The participants often modified the language resources, for example through pronunciation and inflection, to fit the flow of the predominantly Finnish speech. The participants also created their own hybrid terms, not taken directly from the rules. Usually, several ways of language intertwining occurred within a single conversation. Code-mixing occurs usually very quickly and subconsciously. However, through my experiences, I believe that the main reasons for the English use were the rules, convenience and excitement or frustration. Since the scope of the study was quite limited, further research to different gaming situations can be used to see other sides of the phenomenon. One useful avenue might also be to study several groups gaming with the same rules and comparing the results gained
Pro gradu -työssäni tutkin puhekielessä tapahtuvaa englannin ja suomen yhteen nivoutumista pöytäroolipelitilanteessa. Keskitin huomioni erityisesti ilmiön tutkimiseen kokonaisuutena, selvittääkseni millä tavoin ja minkä takia englanti sekoittuu suomen kieleen. Teoreettinen viitekehykseni ammensi monikielisyydestä ja kielen superdiversiteetistä, sillä nykyinen paradigma näkee kielen alati muuttuvana. Käytin tutkimusmenetelmänä autoetnografiaa, selvittääkseni missä koodinvaihtoa ja lainaamista tapahtuu ja jotta voisin omien kokemuksiani avulla ymmärtää ilmiön syitä paremmin. Toivoin, että omat kokemukseni ja tuntemukseni voisivat valaista kielten yhteen nivoutumista. Tutkimus toteutettiin nauhoittamalla yksi kokonainen roolipelisessio, jossa oli itseni mukaan lukien viisi osallistujaa. Roolipelitilanne mahdollisti autoetnografian käyttämisen hyvin ja loi myös autenttisen kielenkäyttötilanteen. Kuten yleensä, roolipelin säännöt olivat englanniksi, joten englannin käyttö oli luultavasti korostunutta jokapäiväiseen tilanteeseen verrattuna. Tämä mahdollisti suuren datamäärän keräämisen yhdestäkin sessiosta, tehden roolipelaamisesta hedelmällisen tutkimustilanteen. Tutkimus osoitti kielten yhteen nivoutumista monin eri tavoin. Sitä tapahtui keskusteluissa säännöllisesti ja useilla eri tavoilla, sisältäen muun muassa terminologiaa, huudahduksia ja anglismeja. Sopeuttaakseen englannin kieliresurssit pääosin suomenkieliseen puheeseen, osallistujat usein muokkasivat niitä, esimerkiksi taivuttaen tai muokaten niiden ääntämistä. Osallistujat käyttivät myös keksimiään hybriditermejä, joita ei otettu suoraan säännöistä. Oli tavallista, että useita erilaisia kielen nivoutumisen tapoja tapahtui yhden keskustelun aikana. Koodinvaihto tapahtuu yleensä hyvin nopeasti ja alitajuisesti. Silti, omien kokemuksieni myötä uskon, että pääsyyt englannin käyttöön olivat sääntöjärjestelmät, helppous ja innostuminen tai turhautuminen. Koska tutkimuksen laajuus oli rajallinen, lisätutkimus erilaisiin pelitilanteisiin voi tuoda ilmiöstä esiin uusia puolia. Mahdollinen tutkimuskohde olisi myös tutkia useita ryhmiä pelaamassa samoilla säännöillä ja vertaamalla saatuja tuloksia

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Sánchez, Lobera Francesc. "El proceso de integración de España en la OTAN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670230.

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Esta investigación se propone exponer y analizar el proceso de integración de España en la OTAN entre los años 1976 y 1982 a través del periódico El País. Mi hipótesis principal es que el proceso de integración de España en la OTAN forma parte del proceso de la Transición. Establecer en qué medida esta integración interactuó en el proceso transitivo de la Dictadura a la Democracia pone en el valor esta investigación más allá del hecho de la incorporación de España en esta estructura internacional. Por esta razón mi tesis forma parte también de este proceso histórico que entendemos como Transición. Al analizar el contexto internacional, marcado por la Guerra Fría, este estudio también puede enmarcarse en este proceso histórico, por dos razones, por este contexto que ofrezco, pero también por ser el proceso de integración de España en la OTAN, y el proceso transitivo, parte de esta historia global que fue la Guerra Fría. El hecho que utilice como fuente el periódico El País, esta investigación también podría considerarse la del estudio de un medio de comunicación. En este caso no en su totalidad, pero sí con respecto a un tema en concreto como es el de la integración de España en la OTAN, en otras palabras: cómo y de qué manera fue tratado esta cuestión en un determinado medio de comunicación.
This research aims to expose and analyze the process of integration of Spain into NATO between 1976 and 1982 through the newspaper El País. My main hypothesis is that the process of Spain's integration into NATO is part of the Transition process. Establishing to what extent this integration interacted in the transitional process from Dictatorship to Democracy places value on this research beyond the fact of the incorporation of Spain into this international structure. For this reason, my thesis is also part of this historical process that we understand as Transition. When analyzing the international context, marked by the Cold War, this study can also be framed in this historical process, for two reasons, for this context that I offer, but also for being the process of integration of Spain into NATO, and the transitional process , part of this global history that was the Cold War. The fact that it uses the newspaper El País as a source, this research could also be considered that of the study of a communication medium. In this case, not in its entirety, but with respect to a specific issue such as the integration of Spain into NATO, in other words: how and in what way was this issue dealt with in a certain media.

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Urrutia, Sanhueza Javier Ignacio. "Plan de negocios para Otec Orientada al Área Farmacéutica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104211.

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El trabajo que se presenta a continuación consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de negocios para un organismo técnico de capacitación, con orientación hacia la industria farmacéutica. En el mercado existen muy pocas OTECs especializadas en esta área y existe una gran y constante necesidad por parte de los laboratorios a realizar capacitaciones, es por esto que se decide realizar este estudio. El proyecto fue realizado siguiendo de cerca la metodología para planes de negocios. De esta manera se realizó un análisis estratégico de la industria y una investigación de mercado. Se construyó un plan de marketing, junto con los planes de operaciones y recursos humanos. Finalizando de esta manera con el desarrollo del plan financiero y evaluación económica. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, en el análisis estratégico se determinó que el proyecto tiene un atractivo medio y que las condiciones son bastantes favorables para el desarrollo de una empresa de este tipo. Además se encontraron los factores claves para el éxito. Con respecto a la investigación de mercado, se identificaron los principales actores de este negocio, y se determinaron el mercado total, potencial y meta. En el plan de marketing se eligieron cursos para poner en marcha el proyecto y se definieron variables en pos de crear una buena imagen de empresa. Asimismo de determinó la gente necesaria para el correcto funcionamiento de la empresa y la importancia de la contratación de relatores de excelencia. Por otra parte se establecieron los procesos necesarios para realizar este negocio. Finalmente, en el plan financiero y evaluación económica, se puso a prueba la viabilidad de este proyecto. Se estimó una inversión necesaria de $2.000.000 más cerca de $11.000.000 en capital de trabajo, con lo cual que encontró un VPN de casi $15.000.000, con una TIR de 26%. El modo de financiamiento resultó ser poco relevante, llegando a resultados de flujos muy parecidos; VPN de $12.500.000 y TIR de 27,85%. Al realizar un análisis de sensibilidad se obtuvieron resultados favorables. Al variar un 15% la demanda se llega a un VPN de $31.000.000 y VPN de -$1.000.000, en el caso optimista y pesimista, respectivamente. Se puso a prueba el proyecto evaluándolo con una tasa igual al 15%, en la cual se obtuvo un VNP de $9.000.000. En conclusión, teniendo tales cifras y habiendo realizando un análisis de sensibilidad para ver el comportamiento del proyecto bajo distintas condiciones, se recomienda llevar a cabo este proyecto.

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Christison, Joseph George. "The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in otic specification /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1616787971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-47). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Ahmed, Takiya Janice. "The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in otic specification /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8447.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-204). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Šimko, Marek. "Současné trendy na OTC derivátových trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206356.

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The uppermost goal of this diploma thesis is aimed at identification and evaluation of the current trends in one of the largest segments of financial markets. Special attention has been devoted to the regulatory changes, which have not been completely implemented in all major jurisdictions so far. The introductory part deals with the nowadays situation and explanation of post-crisis measures leading to a higher level of transparency and system stability. The following chapters analyze the key elements contributing to specific trends whereby those findings are based on research studies published by the world leading universities and central banks. The author also observes alternative functional concepts in the market and potential impacts affecting real transactions. The final portion has been dedicated to analysis of practical implications in terms of increased costs related to the trades and possible prospective outlook of the OTC derivatives market. The whole text is accompanied by authors personal reflections and comparison between the most important trading regions in respect to the value of underlying assets.

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Kode, Praveena. "Design techniques for high intermediate frequency bandpass (sigma/delta) modulator." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86025.

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The focus of the present thesis is the circuit-level implementation of an excess loop delay compensation scheme which optimizes excess loop delay in Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC) by using a programmable delay block and synchronizes the signal passing through Dynamic Element Matching block, used to mitigate mismatch effects of multi-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter(DAC). The proposed delay block has tuning range of T/10 to T/2 seconds, with a step size of T/30 seconds, where T is the time period (1.25 nanoseconds) of sampling signal (800 MHz) in high IF (200 MHz) Bandpass [sigma delta] ADC. The implementation details of the element rotation scheme used to calibrate the multi-bit DAC static error mismatch are also presented. Also presented is the design of high frequency highly linear Operational Transconductance Amplifier(OTA) targeted for continuous-time filters in a high resolution High Intermediate Frequency (200 MHz) Bandpass [sigma delta] ADC for Software Radio applications. Proposed OTA uses super source follower input stage to enhance its voltage-to-current conversion linearity. The design has been simulated using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. The OTA has small signal transconductance of 0.9 mA/V, IM3 below -79 dB (for 0.3 Vpp input), Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 82 dB and power consumption of 6.8 mW, when tested in unity gain configuration.

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Miño, Castañeda José Manuel. "Diseño de un sistema de Inteligencia de Mercado para un Organismo Técnico Intermedio de Capacitación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104604.

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Webb, Timothy Dayton. "The Booking Window Evolution and its Impact on Hotel Revenue Management Forecasting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90789.

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Travel booking behavior has changed substantially over the past two decades. The emergence of new technology and online intermediaries has provided travelers with the flexibility to book up until the date of stay. This has created a fast-paced, dynamic booking environment that disrupts traditional revenue management strategies focused on pricing and allocating rooms based on the time of purchase. The study explores the joint effects of technology and the economy on booking window lead times. It also evaluates a range of forecasting techniques and the importance of utilizing the booking curve for forecasting in dynamic booking environments.
PHD

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Blanco-Sanchez, Bernardo. "The role of eya1 and six1 during zebrafish otic development." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486759.

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In multicellular organisms, the differentiation program of a group of cells can be conceived of as a sequenceÃ‚Â· of developmental processes including induction, cell fate acquisition, patterning, cell death and morphogenetic movements. These processes are inter-dependent and need to be coordinated during embryogenesis. Eya and Six genes code for transcription factors that act together in a transcriptional complex. Both factors are required for the differentiation of distinct embryqnic structures such as the kidneys, pituitary gland and inner ear; in humans, mutations in EYAl or SIXl can cause Branchio-ato-Renal syndrome, characterised by otic, branchial arch and kidney defects. In the zebrafish, at 24 hpf, eyal and sixl are expressed in ventral otic epithelium, and interestingly the dog-eared/ eyar j- zebrafish mutant shows a characteristic misshapen ear at this stage: an elongated Ã‚Â·otic vesicle with a thicker dorsal epithelium in comparison to the wildtype. This observation suggests that eyal plays a role during the first !4 hours of otic development. Our results suggest that Eya! is not required for otic induction, and that, functions independently of previously characterised otic induction pathways. Instead, Eya! is required for acquisition of a correct morphology and for refinement of patterning within the otic vesicle as revealed by the expression of tbxl, otxl, pax2a, and snai/2. Eya! also plays a role in the neurogenic program giving rise to the statoacoustic ganglion. We showed that eyal function has a noncell autonomous effect in the regulation of tbxl otic expression. sixl zebrafish morphants phenocopy some of these aspects, such as the dorsal thickening of the otic vesicle at 24hpf, and the mispatterning of certain regions of the otic epithelium, but they also show some additional defects such as a somite phenotype. Nevertheless, six1 morphant otic phenotype is not identical to that of dogeared/ eyal mutant. The data from genetic interactions suggests that eyal genetically acts parallel to six1.

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Pinto, Valenzuela Eugenio Alberto. "Plan de negocios para Otec orientado a la industria minera." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136241.

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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas
Una de las grandes problemáticas que enfrenta nuestro país es el desempleo. Hoy, a pesar que la OCDE sitúa a nuestro país en uno de los 4 países que ha logrado reducir la tasa de desempleo desde la crisis del 2008, aún existe una gran cantidad de desempleados, lo cual genera una brecha social no acorde con el lineamiento de un país que va en vías del desarrollo. Si bien, cada país debiera generar políticas públicas de fomento de empleabilidad de manera particular como respuesta a su sistema político, económico y social, según la OCDE, existen herramientas, tales como los programas de capacitación y de asistencia a los desempleados en la búsqueda de trabajo e inserción laboral que podrían mejorar las condiciones de desempleo y económico para un país. Chile, es el principal país productor de cobre en el mundo, y el desafío es mantener este sitial en los próximos años y fomentar la expansión de la industria minera existente. Para cumplir con este objetivo, es necesario, dentro de otros factores contar con mano de obra especializada. Dentro de este contexto, se estima que para el año 2022, existirá un déficit de aproximadamente 33.420 empleos en la industria minera. Hoy, de acuerdo a las últimas cifras entregadas por el INE, el desempleo ha ido en aumento en los últimos años en el país, por otro lado, nuestra industria minera, que estima a futuro un déficit de mano de obra capacitada. El Estado de Chile, a través del SENCE (Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo) que es el organismo técnico del Estado encargado de regular el sistema nacional de capacitación, podría ser el puente que puede convocar a actores, creando un círculo virtuoso, con el cual se puede entregar capital humano calificado a la industria minera Considerando, que la industria minera en los últimos años, ha invertido aproximadamente cuatro veces más que el resto de las industrias en capacitación, se plantea diseñar un plan de negocios para evaluar la factibilidad técnica y económica la creación de un Organismo Técnico de Capacitación (OTEC) orientado a la industria minera, integrando todas las franquicias tributarias que pone a disposición el Estado. El análisis se realizará bajo tres escenarios supuestos; Pesimista, Normal y Optimista, que finalmente nos permitirá visualizar si realmente la creación de una OTEC es viable Evaluando el proyecto en el escenario neutro, con una tasa de descuento del 10% se obtiene un VAN de $2.800.000 con una TIR de 14%, para el escenario optimista obtenemos un VAN de $43.000.000 y una TIR de 68% para el escenario pesimista el VAN es de -$1.500.000 con una TIR de 8%

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Hizon, John Richard. "Reconfigurable CMOS OTAs for filters in a multi-standard receiver." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540631.

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Tambalo, Monica. "Towards a gene regulatory network for otic and epibranchial specification." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/towards-a-gene-regulatory-network-for-otic-and-epibranchial-specification(d79e3d2c-cf5b-455e-a4d6-0a7dabfbeec8).html.

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Vertebrate sensory organs arise from the pre-placodal region (PPR) at the border of the neural plate, specified early during development. Differential activation of signalling pathways along the rostro-caudal axis patterns this territory to give rise to distinct placodes and ultimately to the olfactory epithelium, lens, inner ear and cranial ganglia. The aim of this project is to further investigate how sensory progenitor cells are restricted in fate to become specified as otic and epibranchial cells. The otic placode is induced next to the developing hindbrain by a combination of FGF and WNT signalling, while the epibranchial placode is specified by sustained FGF signalling and BMPs. Downstream of these signals different transcription factors are activated sequentially to confer otic-epibranchial fate. However, their epistatic relationships and regulatory interactions are poorly understood. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are powerful tools to explain why cells behave the way they do and here I aim to uncover the network that controls otic-epibranchial specification. To this end, I have combined published data with results from new molecular screens to generate a preliminary GRN that contains around 50 otic and epibranchial specific transcription factors and their signalling inputs. To establish the hierarchical interaction between all network components and their response to otic inducing signals I designed systematic perturbation experiments and exploited NanoString technology to quantify each component in the same tissue sample. Manipulation of signalling inputs reveals a temporal hierarchy of otic specification genes and points to a highly dynamic interaction between them. To identify new epistatic relationships among otic transcription factors, I employed loss-of-function approaches for key network components. In a complementary approach, I investigated the contribution of FGF on the otic chromatin landscape by ChIP-seq for histone modifications. Bioinformatic tools were used to interpret the data and regulatory elements for early FGF response genes were identified experimentally. The emerging GRN will not only identify new key regulators for inner ear specification, but also the regulatory regions that integrate information to build a functional ear.

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Fiant, Antony. "Otar iosseliani : tel un demiurge a la surface du film." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1291.

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Otar iosseliani, cineaste georgien, ne en 1934 a tbilissi, est l'auteur d'une oeuvre originale et attachante qui ne compte que peu de films (huit longs-metrages de fiction en plus de trente ans). Mais elle constitue assurement une des plus importantes du cinema contemporain. C'est en tout cas ce que tente de demontrer cette these, en trois temps. D'abord, a travers l'analyse d'un processus de creation tout a la fois philosophique, primitif et teleologique, c'est-a-dire, comparable a celui du demiurge, replace dans la lignee du cinema muet et base sur une methode refusant categoriquement le hasard. Ensuite, en dissequant la fonction du regard du cineaste sur le reel. Que ce soit dans ses documentaires (il en a realise cinq), dans ses trois premiers films tournes en georgie, ou en apprivoisant des cultures etrangeres (principalement la france mais aussi l'afrique), le regard qu'il porte sur le monde fait de lui un cineaste universel. Enfin, en tentant de restituer le plus fidelement possible une des caracteristiques esthetiques de son cinema : le rythme, tant sonore que plastique et structural. Tout au long de ces trois parties, il s'agit egalement de definir l'ethique de iosseliani.

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Anwar, Maryam. "A bioinformatics approach to building an otic gene regulatory network." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-bioinformatics-approach-to-building-an-otic-gene-regulatory-network(506591df-8f55-4585-a7a1-86d18d65af1a).html.

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During development, the coordinated and sequential action of signals and regulatory factors controls how cells become different from each other and acquire specific fates. This information can be integrated in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that model these processes over time and consider temporal and spatial changes of gene expression and how these are regulated. During early development, vertebrate sensory organs arise from the pre-placodal region at the border of the neural plate. Subsequently, FGF signalling plays a crucial role in inducing otic-epibranchial progenitors that ultimately give rise to the otic and epibranchial placodes. Downstream of FGF signalling, many transcription factors are activated. However, their regulatory relationships are not very clear. This project uses a bioinformatics approach to establish a GRN to model how multipotent progenitors transit through sequential regulatory states until they are committed to the ear lineage. To this end, using systematic perturbation experiments, new ear-specific genes have been identified some of which respond early to FGF. Focussing on these early genes, I have used phylogenetic footprinting combined with histone ChIP-seq to identify novel enhancers. Subsequently, I have investigated transcription factor binding sites within these enhancers to identify a small group of common regulators. In parallel, using mRNA-seq and perturbation data, I have reverse-engineered GRNs that recapitulate known interactions and predict new ones. Using a combination of these approaches, I have ultimately enriched a preliminary literature-based GRN by placing otic genes and their interactions into a hierarchy. Thus, this network is a resource for identifying key otic regulators and their targets and provides guidelines for future experiments.

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Zuhl, Stephanie. "Survey of Patient’s Knowledge of OTC Analgesics." The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624416.

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Class of 2007 Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine if there was a link between the amount of OTC medications consumed and the knowledge of these products. With approximately 100,000 OTC products are available to the consumer this study focused on the most common class sold over the counter, analgesics. This study also determined if there was a correlation between the elderly and their frequency and knowledge of these products. Specific demographic characteristics including gender and education level were also evaluated to determine if these factors had an impact. Methods: A 21 question survey on OTC analgesics was distributed to retail pharmacy customers. It consisted of questions on amount of OTC analgesics regularly consumed, general knowledge of these products, and basic demographic questions. The initial questions assessed the amount of OTC analgesic regularly consumed by the participant. The remaining questions were designed to determine the participant’s knowledge of these products. They were either multiple choice or true false questions covering basic information on OTC analgesics Results: It was found there was no correlation between the amount of OTC analgesics consumed and the knowledge of these products. A person who consumed analgesics on a regular basis was not significantly more knowledgable about these products then a person who had never taken them. There was also no link between age and amount of OTC analgesics taken or knowledge of these products. It was found that women have more knowledge of OTC analgesics then men. Females answered an average 63.6% of the survey questions correct, compared to males who answered 51.8% correct. This project also demonstrated there was a correlation between the amount of the participant’s education level and their knowledge of OTC analgesics. Participants who had a high school education or less, answered 53.6% of the questions correct, and those who had a college degree or post graduate answered 73.5% correct. Conclusions: Although OTC analgesics don’t require a prescription, it is still important to counsel patients taking these medications. This should be considered a necessary part of the job of a pharmacist to ensure the general population has adequate knowledge of these products and is taking them safely. These products can offer a significant benefit and improve a person’s quality of life when utilized correctly. Providing patient education can ensure this can be done.

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Arnold, Matthew David. "Optimization Methods for a Reconfigurable OTA Chamber." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6733.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has enabled increased performance of wireless communication devices. The increased complexity associated with MIMO devices requires more realistic testing environments to ensure device performance. This testing can be accomplished by either very accurate but expensive anechoic chambers, less accurate but inexpensive mode-stirred chambers, or the newly introduced reconfigurable over-the-air chamber (ROTAC) that combines the benefits of both anechoic chambers and reverberation chambers. This work focuses on efficient optimization methods to quantify the performance of the ROTAC. First, an efficient optimization technique that combines convex optimization and a simple gradient descent algorithm is developed that can be applied to different ROTAC performance metrics. Plane wave synthesis is used to benchmark performance versus chamber complexity, where the complexity is defined in terms of chamber size and the number of ports in the chamber. Next, the optimization technique is used to study the spatial channel characteristics (power angular spectrum) of the chamber and the generation of arbitrary fading statistics inside the chamber. Lastly, simulation results are compared with practical hardware measurements to highlight the accuracy of the simulation model for the chamber. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive analysis for optimization of different ROTAC performance metrics.

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Johnson, Earl E. "OTC Hearing Aids: Balancing Safety and Accessibility." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1975.

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Excerpt: There has been a recent push for more electronic sound amplifiers to provide affordable and accessible options that meet the needs of a large swath of people with hearing loss, particularly aging adults.

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34

Ramachandran, Arun. "Nonlinearity and noise modeling of operational transconductance amplifiers for continuous time analog filters." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3925.

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A general framework for performance optimization of continuous-time OTA-C (Operational Transconductance Amplifier-Capacitor) filters is proposed. Efficient procedures for evaluating nonlinear distortion and noise valid for any filter of arbitrary order are developed based on the matrix description of a general OTA-C filter model . Since these procedures use OTA macromodels, they can be used to obtain the results significantly faster than transistor-level simulation. In the case of transient analysis, the speed-up may be as much as three orders of magnitude without almost no loss of accuracy. This makes it possible to carry out direct numerical optimization of OTA-C filters with respect to important characteristics such as noise performance, THD, IM3, DR or SNR. On the other hand, the general OTA-C filter model allows us to apply matrix transforms that manipulate (rescale) filter element values and/or change topology without changing its transfer function. The above features are a basis to build automated optimization procedures for OTA-C filters. In particular, a systematic optimization procedure using equivalence transformations is proposed. The research also proposes suitable software implementations of the optimization process. The first part of the research proposes a general performance optimization procedure and to verify the process two application type examples are mentioned. An application example of the proposed approach to optimal block sequencing and gain distribution of 8th order cascade Butterworth filter (for two variants of OTA topologies) is given. Secondly the modeling tool is used to select the best suitable topology for a 5th order Bessel Low Pass Filter. Theoretical results are verified by comparing to transistor-level simulation withCADENCE. For the purpose of verification, the filters have also been fabricated in standard 0.5mm CMOS process. The second part of the research proposes a new linearization technique to improve the linearity of an OTA using an Active Error Feedforward technique. Most present day applications require very high linear circuits combined with low noise and low power consumption. An OTA based biquad filter has also been fabricated in 0.35mm CMOS process. The measurement results for the filter and the stand alone OTA have been discussed. The research focuses on these issues.

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Mellgren, Eleine, and Amanda Stolt. "Effektivare webbplatser : hur tar hotellen tillbaka kontrollen?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51874.

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Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do le?o-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/176.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 419881.pdf: 1337852 bytes, checksum: be16275c921dc2e6fc5db0597763a47e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-10
Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do le?o-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribu?do ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atl?ntico e Pac?fico na Am?rica do Sul, e que foi extremamente ca?ado durante os dois ?ltimos s?culos. Apesar de sua ampla distribui??o e intera??es com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferen?as gen?ticas e estrutura??o ao longo da distribui??o da esp?cie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssat?lites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e hist?ria evolutiva da esp?cie. Encontramos estrutura??o significativa entre as popula??es dos oceanos Pac?fico e Atl?ntico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofil?ticas, separadas desde o in?cio do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das f?meas. Tamb?m encontramos estrutura??o gen?tica significativa intra-oce?nica entre diferentes s?tios de reprodu??o. A an?lise dos microssat?lites tamb?m demonstrou que as popula??es dos dois oceanos s?o significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo g?nico inter-oce?nico atrav?s dos machos n?o pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a esp?cie n?o sofreu recentemente nenhuma redu??o significativa na sua diversidade gen?tica. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as popula??es de O. flavescens do Pac?fico e do Atl?ntico s?o duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as col?nias de reprodu??o em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.

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Pacheco, Zúñiga Américo Raúl. "Plan de negocio para una empresa de capacitación en competencias laborales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170069.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas
El presente trabajo, se basó en aprovechar una oportunidad de negocio, en la necesidad de los clientes por mejorar sus competencias, a través del ofrecimiento de cursos de capacitación. El proyecto se fundamenta y justifica en factores, como bajos niveles de productividad en nuestro país, con la agravante de tener las jornadas más altas de la OCDE, lo que aqueja principalmente a las empresas medianas, pequeñas y micro. Además, debemos considerar, que hoy en día las organizaciones deben dirigir equipos integrados por distintas generaciones, con un ambiente moderno de igualdad de oportunidades, en género, capacidades diferentes, orientación sexual o nacionalidad. Este aspecto cobra relevancia para un negocio que provea servicios de capacitación especializados en estas materias. Además, existe evidencia e información, que refleja un desarrollo del negocio de capacitación, con un constante crecimiento y una demanda en alza a lo largo de los años. Por otra parte, numerosos estudios comprueban que una buena gestión de capacitación y entrenamiento del recurso humano otorga ventajas competitivas considerables frente a la competencia. Millennials at work rechaping the workplace. PwC Report señaló que más del 35% de los Millennials buscan ser contratados por empresas que los capaciten y desarrollen profesionalmente , IBM The Value of training indicó que los colaboradores que sienten que no pueden desarrollarse en la empresa son 12 veces más propensos a dejar la empresa , Right Managment señaló que el 70% de las organizaciones informaron que la rotación del personal tiene un impacto financiero negativo , por su parte HR Magazine determinó que las empresas que invierten en capacitación obtienen 24% más ganancia que las que invierten menos ; además The National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workforce (EQW) reveló que un aumento del 10% en el desarrollo de los colaboradores logró un aumento de 8.6% en la productividad de la empresa . Con esta información inicial, se investigó en detalle este mercado, y se utilizó una metodología basada en el uso de análisis del macro entorno, del atractivo de la industria, y de las capacidades internas, adicionalmente se efectuó un estudio de mercado, para conocer en detalle la oferta y demanda, y en función de lo anterior, establecer una adecuada estrategia, un correcto modelo de negocio, planes de funcionamiento y análisis financiero. El resultado obtenido con estos análisis permitió determinar que no existieron variables que impidieran llevar a cabo el negocio. Además, a pesar de existir pocas barreras de entrada, la industria se presentó atractiva y se evidenciaron buenas capacidades internas para explotar esta oportunidad. En lo financiero el proyecto se presentó factible, las estimaciones indicaron que con una tasa de descuento del 20%, se obtuvo un VAN de $ 113.260.024.- al quinto año, un capital de trabajo de $ 47.674.286.- y una TIR de 88,28% mayor a la exigida de 20%, el periodo de recuperación de la inversión se produjo en el año 2. Se recomienda realizar el negocio, y ofrecer un servicio con un diseño innovador en metodologías, claridad en el traspaso de competencias, un eficiente modelo en medición y seguimiento y mitigar los riesgos principales.

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38

Vadachkoria, Otar [Verfasser], and Reinhold A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lang. "Rendezvous Verfahren am oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt / Otar Vadachkoria ; Betreuer: Reinhold A. Lang." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161341757/34.

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39

Maroon, Habib Anton. "The role of FGF signalling in otic placode induction and specification." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423317.

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40

Marek, Pavel. "Kritická analýza dopadu finanční krize na regulaci OTC derivátů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255779.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá regulací trhů OTC derivátů, které hrály zásadní roli ve vzniku a šíření světové finanční krize. Cílem této regulace bylo zmírnit následky krize a preventivně bránit opakování podobnýćh událostí v budoucnosti. Hlavní důraz je kladen na regulaci EMIR a Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform v Evropě a USA.

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41

Lee, Foong Mee, and n/a. "OTC derivatives filling the gaps in investor protection." University of Canberra. Law, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.105415.

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The dramatic growth of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives in the last two decades and the ever-expanding range of financial derivative have triggered concerns as regards investor protection. These concerns have been exacerbated in recent times by phenomenal losses sustained by several large corporations (including municipalities), in the United States, Europe and Asia. This thesis seeks to evaluate the capacity of the existing regulatory framework in Australia to provide protection to participants trading in the OTC derivatives markets. The evaluation is carried out in three parts: first, by identifying the gaps in the Corporations Law regimes, second by determining the extent to which the general criminal and consumer laws are capable of stepping into the breach left open by the Corporations Law and third, by locating the gaps in the supervisory structure by identify the participants who are not subject to any form of supervision by the regulators. The examination conducted in this thesis of the regimes in Chapters 7 and 8 of the Corporations Law reveals a number of gaps in respect of investor protection. Significantly, the OTC derivatives market, which is by far the larger market compared to the on-exchange derivatives market, is generally unregulated by the Corporations Law. Comparative analysis between the sanctions provisions in Chapters 7 and 8 of the Corporations Law and those in the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) and the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) indicated that whilst these latter Acts have the potential to act as a substitute for some of the sanctions provisions in the Corporation Law, about half of the sanctions provisions under the Corporations Law regime has no equivalent provisions in these Acts. In consequence, some regulatory gaps remain. Gaps also occur in the supervisory structure as the surveillance by regulators of market participants is focused along institutional lines. The failure of the law to provide adequate protection to investors trading in the OTC derivatives markets is due primarily to an outdated, inflexible and inappropriate regulatory framework which, when originally constructed, was not intended to regulated the broad spectrum of financial derivatives. This thesis discusses the gaps and deficiencies in the Corporations Law regime and also discusses the recent recommendations made by the Wallis Committee and the Companies and Securities Advisory Committee as well as the proposals of the Treasury in relation to investor protection. It also provides some suggestions for law reform.

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Yoo, Harrison, Amanda Teague, and Charles C. Collins. "DISSOLUTION ANALYSIS OF OTC COENZYME Q10 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/28.

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Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble substance (ubiquinone) which has a bright orange color in appearance and is widely distributed (ubiquitous) in animals and many bacteria. CoQ10’s presence is most prevalent in mitochondria and it is involved in aerobic cellular respiration and aides in converting ingested nutrients into a readily accessible form of energy, specifically ATP (adenosine triphosphate). CoQ10 is supplied through our diets and can be found more in dark leafy green vegetables, fish and organ meats. CoQ10 supplementation should be beneficial due to its characteristic antioxidant scavenging of free radicals that our body produces while in the cellular respiration process for generating energy from nutrients. Although CoQ10 has great antioxidant benefit, a challenge remains for supplement manufacturers to deliver a sufficient does of this sparingly soluble molecule. Dietary supplements do not have the significant FDA oversight that exists for legend drugs, resulting in significant variability within and between brands. The main hypothesis of this project is that commercially available CoQ10 supplements don’t deliver a sufficient mass of CoQ10 when compared to the labelled quantity. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the group purchased and tested 14 commercially available CoQ10 supplements with each serving containing 100 mg of active, choosing a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) and also included one in-house product, which contained 70 mg of active. The DDSs examined consisted of 7 soft shell gelatin (SSG) capsules (the most common type available), 3 hard shell gelatin (HSG) capsules, 3 tablets (tab), 1 powder, and 1 suspension. Each DDS was placed into a 500 mL volumetric flask (VF) into an aqueous of 0.1 N HCl acid and 0.1% Tween 80, using a standard FDA dissolution method. To facilitate drug release, the contents were removed from the HSG capsules; the SSG capsules were perforated; and the tabs were broken/crushed. After this, a magnetic stir bar was placed into each flask and all DDS samples were vigorously stirred for 30-45 minutes, including being inverted every 10 minutes to further facilitate dissolution of CoQ10 from each DDS. Filtered samples were obtained and the samples were analyzed by a reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography that was previously developed by this research group. Results and Conclusions: Only two of the 15 products evaluated had significant availability (mean > 50%) of CoQ10; one soft gelatin capsule (Product A, dissolved a mean of 68.57%), and the suspension (Product K, dissolved a mean of 56.71%). All of the other products averaged less than 4% dissolution of the labelled amount (range of values 0.19% to 3.64%). The in-house formulated HSG capsule (Product Q) released a mean amount equal to 8.11% of label (more than twice the percentage of the poorly performing commercial products). The consistency of the products was also variable, with product A having a range of 1.7 to 192 mg of CoQ10 released; Product K had a range of 35.8 to 76.1 mg of drug released. The group concluded that there are acceptable products available, but that most have significant performance issues.

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Ishikawa, Angélica Tieme. "Hibridoma OTA.1 : anticorpo anti-OTA no desenvolvimento da coluna de imunoafinidade e aplicação associada à qualidade e segurança de vinho." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000183300.

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O consumo moderado de vinho é recomendado baseado em efeito benéfico à saúde especialmente contra radicais livres, destaque ao resveratrol. O monitoramento na cadeia produtiva de vinho deve ser executado por método rápido, sensível e específico, evitando contaminação por ocratoxina A (OTA). Considerando o emprego de bioferramentas, com destaque a coluna de imunoafinidade (CIA) na extração/concentração do analito de interesse e o ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay), como base para avanço tecnológico, a exemplo de biossensor, procedeu-se o cultivo de Hibridoma OTA.1 produtor de anticorpo monoclonal (AcM) anti-OTA. O cultivo de Hibridoma OTA.1 foi iniciado em meio RPMI 1640 suplementado com Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) e L-glutamina, a 37 °C sob 5% CO2, e gradualmente substituído por meio Hibridoma-Serum Free Medium (H-SFM) nas proporções 15, 30, 50, 75, 80 e 100%. O enriquecimento com 7 mmol L-1 de L-glutamina e cuidado especial em etapa inicial de cultivo, propiciou adaptação e expansão celular. O AcM obtido foi precipitado com sulfato de amônio a 60 % de saturação, dialisado e empregado na confecção de 6 CIAs experimentais, imobilizando 5 mg de AcM 100 % H-SFM (CIA 1 e 2); 75:100 % H-SFM (1:1) (CIA 3, 4 e 5) e 75% H-SFM (CIA 6) em um mL de suporte Affi-gel 10, com modificações na metodologia padrão. A Taxa de imobilização variou de 77,43±6,39 a 97,55±0,24 %, sendo a CIA 6 desenvolvida com AcM 75 % de H-SFM dialisado em PBS 0,015 mol L-1, com acoplamento a 4 ºC/24 h, apresentou alta atividade anti-OTA por i-ELISA, sugerindo que proteínas inerentes ao próprio cultivo favoreceram a imobilização de AcM. Em paralelo, vinho argentino elaborado a partir de Vitis vinifera (n=26), bem como o vinho paranaense, de Vitis Labrusca- Bordô (n=34), foram avaliados perante contaminação de OTA por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE, Limite de detecção- LD =0,05 ng mL-1 e Limite de quantificaçao - LQ= 0,07 ng mL-1) e ELISA competitivo indireto (ic-ELISA, LD= 0,17 ng mL-1 e LQ= 0,32 ng mL-1); além de característica de qualidade avaliada por capacidade antioxidante (CAO), trans-resveratrol e parâmetros cromáticos (L*-luminosidade, C*-croma e hgraus -tonalidade cromática) foram analisados em 60 amostras. Apenas uma amostra (0,12 ±0,01 ng mL-1) apresentou contaminação de OTA por CLAE, e 11 por ic-ELISA, com nível de contaminação abaixo do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira e Comunidade Européia (2 ng mL-1). A detecção falso-positivo de OTA por ic-ELISA foi explicado pela relação de trans-resveratrol e OTA (Análise de Componentes Principais -ACP), mostrando interferência de matriz. O vinho elaborado com Bordô apresentou média de CAO 4,57 mmol L-1, enquanto o vinho elaborado com V. vinifera, 8,35 mmol L-1. O trans-resveratrol foi detectado em 57 amostras de 60, sendo o nível em vinho Argentino (1,35 mg L-1) mais baixo em relação ao vinho Bordô (3,33 mg L-1) (p<0,05). O vinho de Paraná apresentou maior luminosidade em relação ao argentino, i.e., cor mais clara, entretanto valores de croma e tonalidade cromática não diferiram estatisticamente (p>0,05). Os vinhos sul-americanos mostraram perfil interessante apresentando níveis alto de antioxidante e baixa contaminação por OTA. Por outro lado, nível elevado de trans-resveratrol atuou como interferente em ic-ELISA resultando em falso-positivo, o conhecimento dessa influência permitirá aperfeiçoar o emprego dessa bioferramenta sensível aplicado ao vinho.
Moderate consumption of wine is recommend based on beneficial effect on health, with emphasis on resveratrol against free radical. The monitoring of wine in the production chain should be performed by rapid, sensitive and specific method, avoiding contamination by ochratoxin A (OTA). Whereas the use of biotools, specially the immunoaffinity column (IAC) in the extraction/concentration of the analyte of interest and ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay), as a basis for technological advanced, such biosensor, we proceeded to the Hybridoma OTA.1 cultivation producing monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-OTA. The Hybridoma OTA.1 cultivation was started in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and L-glutamine at 37 ºC with 5 % CO2, and gradually replaced by 15, 30, 50, 75, 80 and 100 % of Hybridoma-Serum Free Medium (H-SFM). The enrichment with 7 m mol L-1 L-glutmine in initial stage cultivation promoted adaptation and cell expansion. The mAbs obtained was precipitated with ammoniun sulfate at 60 % saturation, dialyzed and used in the confection of 6 experimental IACs with 5 mg of Mab 100 % (IAC 1 and 2); 75:100 % (IAC 3,4 and 5) and 75 % H-SFM (IAC 6) on one mL of Affil-gel 10, with modification in standard methodology. The rate of immobilization ranged from 77.43 ± 6.39 to 97.55± 0.24 %, the developed IAC 6 prepared with mAb produced in 75 % H-SFM, dialyzed in 0.015 mol L-1 PBS, with coupling step performed at 4 ºC/24 h, showed higher performance concerning anti-OTA activity evaluated by indirect ELISA, suggesting that proteins involved on own cultivation probably favored the mAb immobilization. In parallel, the Argentinean wine produced with Vitis vinifera (n=26), as well as Paraná wine produced with Vitis labrusca- Bordeaux (n=34), were evaluated concerning OTA contamination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC, Limit of detection - LD =0.05 ng mL-1 and Limit of quantification - LQ= 0.07 ng mL-1) and indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA, LD= 0.17 ng mL-1 and LQ= 0.32 ng mL-1); also quality characteristic targeted on antioxidant capacity (AC), trans-resveratrol and chromatic parameter (L*- brightness, C*- chroma e hº- hue) were determinate a total of 60 samples. Only one sample (0.12 ±0.01 ng mL-1) showed OTA contamination by HPLC and 11 samples by ic-ELISA, with levels below the limit established by Brazilian legislation and European Community (2 ng mL-1). The OTA detection by ic-ELISA was explained with the relationship of trans-resveratrol and OTA (Principal Components Analysis -PCA), showing the influence of matrix interference. The Bordeaux wine showed AC mean of 4.57 mmol L-1, while the same profile analysis in V. vinifera showed mean of 8.35 mmol L-1. The trans-resveratrol was detected in 57 out of 60 samples, the Argentina wine samples (1.35 mg L-1) showed lower trans-resveratrol level than Bordeaux wine (3.33 mg L-1) (p<0,05). The Paraná wine showed higher brightness in relation to Argentinean wine, i.e., lighter color, however chroma and hue values did not differ statistically (p>0,05). The South-American wines showed interesting profile concerning high level of antioxidants in detriment to lower OTA contamination. On other hand, high trans-resveratrol level acted as interference in ic-ELISA resulting in false positive, knowledge of this influence will improve the use of the sensitive biotool.

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Paiva, Rafael Bianchini Abreu. "Natureza jurídica, regulação e tutela dos instrumentos derivativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-06082015-151224/.

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Este trabalho visa a discutir aspectos centrais dos instrumentos derivativos, que têm ganhado importância crescente desde os anos 70, principalmente depois da crise do subprime em 2008. No Capítulo I, procura-se resgatar o debate sobre a natureza jurídica dos derivativos, tendo em vista sua função econômica. A partir deste ponto de partida, extraem-se conclusões práticas, como a não aplicabilidade das normas relativas à evicção, vícios redibitórios e teoria da imprevisão ou resolução por onerosidade excessiva. Ao fim, é proposta uma classificação dos derivativos. O objetivo do Capítulo II é destacar os principais aspectos da regulação dos derivativos. A partir da função econômica, legisladores e reguladores do mundo todo têm encontrado a necessidade de limitar a esfera de autonomia contratual, determinando o que pode ser negociado, de que forma e o modo como se deve dar a liquidação das obrigações. O Capítulo III visa a discutir os resultados da pesquisa de jurisprudência não enquadrados nos temas dos Capítulos I e II. Com isso, há maior transparência quanto aos resultados da pesquisa de jurisprudência e, ao mesmo tempo, discute-se possíveis pontos de atenção para a regulação. Por fim, o Apêndice descreve a metodologia utilizada na pesquisa de jurisprudência.
This paper aims to discuss key aspects of derivative instruments. Their importance has been increasing since the 70s, especially after the subprime crisis in 2008. Chapter I seeks to present the debate on the legal nature of the derivatives, highlighting its economic function. From this discussion, we found some practical conclusions, such as non-applicability of eviction, latent defects and rebus sic stantibus clause. In the end, we present a classification of derivatives. Chapter II highlights the main aspects of derivatives regulation. Due to their importance, legislators and regulators have been limiting contractual autonomy, determining what and in which way people can contract and settlement of obligations by clearinghouses or CCPs. Chapter III aims to discuss derivatives case law that have not fit the themes of Chapters I and II. It is a way of, at the same time, disclosing case law research findings and discussing possible improvements in regulation. Finally, the Appendix describes the methodology used in the case law research.

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RIZZO, ILARIA MARIA. "Biological role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in neuroblasts derived from otic vesicle." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1009811.

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Hearing loss is a health and social problem, particularly common among older people. Deafness is associated with an irreversible loss of sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, which don’t have regenerative potential. To date, cochlear implants are the only possible therapy, even if not always effective. Therefore, there is an enormous research interest aimed at identifying factors that could prevent hearing loss. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. Most of S1P functions are mediated through a family of five G-protein coupled receptors. Cytokines and growth factors cross-talk with S1P pathway via the regulation of the expression levels and activity of the enzymes responsible for S1P production, sphingosine kinases (SK1 and SK2), and S1P receptors (S1P1-5) in different cellular types. Recently, a crucial role for S1P signaling axis has been demonstrated in hearing loss. S1P receptor 2 (S1p2) and Spinster-2 (Spns2, the S1P specific transporter) knock-out mice are deaf for defects in the stria vascularis. Nevertheless, the exact role of S1P in sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons biology has not been clarified. In this study, the mouse otocyst cell line US/VOT-N33 has been used as experimental model of differentiation into neurons of the spiral ganglion. We have demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was able to induce the proliferation of US/VOT-N33 and to act as pro-survival factor in staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SK1 and SK2 are required for FGF2-mediated proliferation and cell survival, measured by 3HThymidine incorporation and caspase-3 activity/cleavage assay respectively, demonstrating an involvement of S1P signaling axis in these effects. While S1P1 and S1P2 down-regulation affects proliferation, S1P receptor activation is not required for cell survival induced by FGF2. Additionally, the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway was found to mediate the mitogenic action of FGF2. The cell counting of neurite-bearing cells and Western blotting analysis for Islet1/2 neuronal marker were performed to evaluate FGF2-induced neuronal differentiation of this cell line. Preliminary results showed that this effect exerted by FGF2 was reduced by concomitant addition of exogenous S1P. Furthermore, pro-differentiating role exerted by FGF2 was increased in presence of SK1 knockdown and when SPNS2 is silenced, presuming a negative role of S1P pathway in FGF2-induced neuritogenesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a crucial role for S1P signaling axis in proliferation and survival of otic vesicle neuroprogenitors, however further studies will be necessary in order to clarify the role of S1P pathway during the differentiation of the spiral ganglion neurons. This work could help to identify possible novel therapeutical approaches to prevent neuronal degeneration during hearing loss.

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Khalifeh, Malak. "Modes d’utilisation des médicaments prescrits en France et disponibles sans ordonnance au Liban : Application sur les Antibiotiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0965/document.

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Contexte : les règlements distinguent habituellement les médicaments prescrits uniquement (prescription only medicines POM) et les médicaments en vente libre (over-the-counter OTC). Les premiers nécessitent une prescription médicale et les derniers sont disponibles pour l'automédication sans ordonnance. Au Liban comme dans les autres pays de l’Est de la Méditerranée, les médicaments théoriquement prescrits peuvent facilement être achetés sans ordonnance. Les antibiotiques sont parmi les classes de médicaments les plus fréquemment vendus sans ordonnance. L'utilisation inappropriée d'antibiotiques augmente le taux de résistance bactérienne et la fréquence de l'échec du traitement. Cette étude est menée pour déterminer le mode d'emploi des antibiotiques disponibles en tant qu'automédication au Liban, en comparaison avec leur utilisation comme médicaments uniquement prescrits en France. Méthode : Tout d'abord, une revue approfondie de la littérature publiée (1990-2015) a été menée en utilisant les bases de données : Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane et Google Scholar, pour abus de médicamentsdisponibles sans ordonnance au Moyen-Orient ;les antibiotiques étaient parmi les médicaments les plus mal utilisés. Une étude prospective a ensuite été menée au Liban. Les données ont été collectées auprès de patients qui achetaient des antibiotiques avec ou sans ordonnance dans les officines sur une période d’un an (septembre 2015 à septembre 2016). En France, les données ont été extraites de la base de données Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB), contenant un échantillon représentatif permanent 1/97 du système d'assurance-maladie national français, qui contient toutes les prescriptions dispensées en France. Nous y avons mené des recherchespour identifier les modes d'utilisation des 5 antibiotiques les plus utilisés au Liban. Résultats : La distribution moyenne de ces antibiotiques était plus élevée en France (18,6 DDD) qu'au Liban (10.6DDD). Cependant, le nombre moyen de dérogations au Liban était de 3,39 par an, plus élevé qu'en France (2 par an). Ce n'était pas différent entre les participants avec ou sans ordonnance. Le coamoxiclav a été largement consommé au Liban à la fois sous ordonnance et par automédication, alors que l'amoxicilline était le principal antibiotique consommé en France.62,4% des patients ont utilisé le bon antibiotique et 80,1% l'ont utilisé dans le dosage correct. Dans la suivi, la durée du traitement était inappropriée dans la majorité des cas (68,6%). Lorsque tous ces trois facteurs ont été additionnés, il s'avère que 83,6% des antibiotiques ont été utilisés de manière inappropriée. La pertinence de l'utilisation a été observée chez 27,6% et 16,4% des antibiotiques prescrits et non prescrits, respectivement. Conclusion : Il est certain que l'automédication observée ou l'utilisation médicalement non surveillée d'antibiotiques est un risque majeur. Les premières mesures à prendre pour réduire celles-ci sont éducatives, pour les patients, les pharmaciens, les prescripteurs, l'industrie pharmaceutique et les autorités réglementaires
Background: Regulations usually distinguish between prescription-only (POM) and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. The former requires medical prescription; the latter are available for self-medication (SM) without a prescription. In Lebanon as in other Eastern Mediterranean countries, theoretically prescription medicines can easily be purchased without a prescription. Antibiotics are among the most commonly sold drug classes without prescription. The inappropriate use of antibiotics increases the rate of bacterial resistance and the frequency of treatment failure. This study is conducted to determine the usage pattern of antibiotics available as self-medication in Lebanon, compared with their use as prescription only drugs in France. Method: First, an extensive review of the published literature (1990–2015) was conducted using Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases, for OTC medicine misuse and abuse in the Middle East. Antibiotics were among the most commonly misused medications. A cross sectional prospective field study was then conducted in Lebanon. Data was collected from patients seeking antibiotics with or without prescription in community pharmacies over a 1-year period (September 2015 to September 2016). In France, data was extracted from the EchantillonGénéraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, the permanent 1/97 representative sample from the French national healthcare insurance system which contains all dispensed prescriptions in France. It was searched in 2013 to identify usage patterns of antibiotics, of 5 antibiotics most commonly used in Lebanon. Results: The average dispensing for these antibiotics was higher in France (18.6 DDD) than that in Lebanon (10.6DDD). However, the average number of dispensings in Lebanon was 3.39 per year, higher than that in France (2 per year). It was not different between participants with or without prescription. Coamoxiclav was widely consumed in Lebanon as both prescription and self-medication, whereas amoxicillin was the main antibiotic in France. 62.4% of patients used the right antibiotic and 80.1% used it in correct dosage. The duration of treatment in the follow up was inappropriate in the majority of cases (68.6%). When all of these three factors were summed together, it turned out that 83.6% of antibiotics were utilized inappropriately. Appropriateness in use was seen in 27.6% and 16.4% of the prescribed and non-prescribed antibiotics respectively. Conclusion: Misuse of antibiotics is a major driver in the development of antibiotic resistance, an issue for individuals and for public health. Obviously the observed self-medication or medically unsupervised utilization of antibiotics is a major risk. The first measures to take to reduce this are educational, for patients, pharmacists, prescribers, the pharmaceutical industry and the regulatory authorities

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Jidigam, Vijay Kumar. "BMP - a key signaling molecule in specification and morphogenesis of sensory structures." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för molekylär medicin (UCMM), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119696.

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Cranial placodes are transient thickenings of the vertebrate embryonic head ectoderm that will give rise to sensory (olfactory, lens, and otic) and non-sensory (hypophyseal) components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In most vertebrate embryos, these four sensory placodes undergo invagination. Epithelial invagination is a morphological process in which flat cell sheets transform into three-dimensional structures, like an epithelial pit/cup. The process of invagination is crucial during development as it plays an important role for the formation of the lens, inner ear, nasal cavity, and adenohypophysis. Using the chick as the model system the following questions were addressed. What signals are involved in placode invagination? Is there any common regulatory molecular mechanism for all sensory placode invagination, or is it controlled by unique molecular codes for each individual placode? Are placode invagination and acquisition of placode-specific identities two independent developmental processes or coupled together? To address this we used in vivo assays like electroporation and whole embryo culture. Our in vivo results provide evidence that RhoA and F-actin rearrangements, apical constriction, cell elongation and epithelial invagination are regulated by a common BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein) dependent molecular mechanism. In addition, our results show that epithelial invagination and acquisition of placode-specific identities are two independent developmental processes. BMP signals have been shown to be essential for lens development and patterning of the retina. However, the spatial and temporal requirement of BMP activity during early events of lens development has remained elusive. Moreover, when and how retinal cells are specified, and whether the lens plays any role for the early development of the retina is not completely known. To address these questions, we have used gain- and loss-of-function analyses in chick explant and intact embryo assays. Here, we show that during lens development BMP activity is both required and sufficient to induce the lens specific marker, L-Maf. After the L-Maf upregulation the cells are no longer dependent on BMP signaling for the next step of fiber cell differentiation, which is characterized by up-regulation of δ-crystallin expression. Regarding the specification of retinal cells our results provide evidence that at blastula stages, BMP signals inhibit the acquisition of eye-field character. Furthermore, from optic vesicle stages, BMP signals emanating from the lens are essential for maintaining eye-field identity, inhibiting telencephalic character and inducing neural retina cells.

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Stuerm, Michael. "Consumer Confusion im OTC-Handel Formen, Ausmass und Konsequenzen /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01664986002/$FILE/01664986002.pdf.

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Kinnear, Valerie Ann. "Stock market reaction to auditor changes by OTC firms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25716.

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This thesis examines the stock market reaction to auditor change announcement by OTC firms. The general motivation stemmed from previous research on this topic that 1) failed to adequately motivate the empirical investigation and 2) found insignificant results. The theoretical justification for expecting a market reaction is based on the existence of product differentiation in the market for audit services in terms of the level of credibility an auditor can offer. It is conjectured that client firms will demand more credibility as the proportion of external ownership in the firm increases. Management's re-evaluation of their optimal residual firm value and perquisite consumption combination after a change in the ownership structure is suggested as a possible reason for an auditor change. The auditor change signals information about the manager and causes a market reaction. A sample of 44 non-Big Eight to Big Eight and 15 Big Eight to non-Big Eight auditor changes are examined. The standard event study method of abnormal residual analysis is replaced with a new method in which cross-sectional market model regressions in the announcement and a control period on the same firms are compared. Results provide strong evidence that the increase in firm value from an auditor change announcement is greater for non-Big Eight to Big Eight changes than Big Eight to non-Big Eight changes. Evidence is also found that firms changing auditors experience greater variability in returns during an announcment period than during a control period prior to the change.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate

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Rajaram, Dinakaran. "Secure Over the Air (OTA) Management Of Mobile Applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116693.

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The Thesis report analyzes the possibility to store the application inside a secure environment in over the air Environment. The report clearly explains the details about the attributes which are placed in the over the air application management. Different forms of secure elements and how it can be placed inside the secure micro SD card have been discussed. The report gives the clear idea about secure micro SD card architecture. The report describes the OTA (Over the Air) components, Roles and also the process to manage the applications in OTA environment. The report also gives the clear about the protocols ISO 7816-4 which is used to communicate the handset with secure micro SD card. The communication concepts like establishing secure channel between the handset and secure micro SD card also has been discussed. Moreover, secure channel attributes are also discussed. They are Creation session key, MAC Operation and generation of derivation data. Secure micro SD card API‘s are also discussed which is used to communicate with the secure micro SD card .Some of the implementation work has been done by this research. They are >Constructed the Design of Trusted Service Manager (TSM) and Service provider. >Implemented the Functionality of TSM Server (Download Function) and tested the Functionality whether the end terminal (Android Phone) has been able to use the function properly. >Established the secure channel between the Android phone and secure micro SD card. >Loaded the sample application inside the secure micro SD card.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Otac'

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