Academic literature on the topic 'Otac'
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Journal articles on the topic "Otac"
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Si, Peidong, Gang Wang, Wenqing Wu, Sarfaraz Hussain, Ling Guo, Wei Wu, Qingli Yang, and Fuguo Xing. "SakA Regulates Morphological Development, Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and the Response to Different Environmental Stresses." Toxins 15, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040292.
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Ochratoxin A (OTA), as a common mycotoxin, has seriously harmful effects on agricultural products, livestock and humans. There are reports on the regulation of SakA in the MAPK pathway, which regulates the production of mycotoxins. However, the role of SakA in the regulation of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and OTA production is not clear. In this study, a SakA deletion mutant (ΔAwSakA) was constructed. The effects of different concentrations of D-sorbitol, NaCl, Congo red and H2O2 on the mycelia growth, conidia production and biosynthesis of OTA were investigated in A. westerdijkiae WT and ΔAwSakA. The results showed that 100 g/L NaCl and 3.6 M D-sorbitol significantly inhibited mycelium growth and that a concentration of 0.1% Congo red was sufficient to inhibit the mycelium growth. A reduction in mycelium development was observed in ΔAwSakA, especially in high concentrations of osmotic stress. A lack of AwSakA dramatically reduced OTA production by downregulating the expression of the biosynthetic genes otaA, otaY, otaB and otaD. However, otaC and the transcription factor otaR1 were slightly upregulated by 80 g/L NaCl and 2.4 M D-sorbitol, whereas they were downregulated by 0.1% Congo red and 2 mM H2O2. Furthermore, ΔAwSakA showed degenerative infection ability toward pears and grapes. These results suggest that AwSakA is involved in the regulation of fungal growth, OTA biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of A. westerdijkiae and could be influenced by specific environmental stresses.
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Aguirre-Ortega, Emily, Mónica Henao-López, Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate, Katherin Castro Rios, and Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada. "Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences." Scientia Agropecuaria 15, no. 1 (February 5, 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.004.
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Nowadays, fungal contamination of medical Cannabis inflorescences during postharvest has become an increasingly frequent and worrisome problem for consumers and the industry in general. This is because some of these microorganisms can produce secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which can be toxic to humans. To assess the risk posed by fungal contamination and evaluate the potential for fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins, samples of medicinal Cannabis were tested for the presence of mycotoxin-forming fungi. Inflorescences were isolated on PDA agar at 23 ± 2 °C for ten days, and the microorganisms were identified. The strain with morphological characteristics compatible with the genus Aspergillus spp. was selected as the fungus with the highest risk of forming hazardous mycotoxins. This isolate was characterized conventionally and by molecular identification using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and different coding genes and was identified as Aspergillus westerdijkiae. To determine mycotoxin formation, the genome of A. westerdijkiae was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform in South Korea. The antiSMASH tool was used to search for gene clusters associated with producing secondary metabolites, and genes related to toxins were manually curated. Regions where the cluster of genes directly involved in OTA biosynthesis (otaA, otaB, otaC, otaR and otaD) were found, suggesting a potential risk of synthesis of this toxin.
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Lv, Shiyi, Qiaona Liu, Sanbao Dong, Jinling Li, Jie Zhang, Manxue Wang, and Gang Chen. "Preparation and the foaming activity of hydroxymethyl octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 60, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2259.
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Abstract In this work, hydroxymethyl octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (HM-OTAC) was obtained from the reaction between octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and formaldehyde in different molar ratios. The effects of the reaction conditions (different molar ratios) on the properties of the product (surface tension, foaming, high temperature resistance, methanol resistance and salt resistance) were investigated. The results showed that the HM-OTAC produced under different molar ratios could lower the surface tension of water solutions more than the surfactant OTAC. The HM-OTAC (1:2) reduced the surface tension to 28.29 mN m−1. The HM-OTAC produced under other molar ratios gave higher interfacial tensions than HM-OTAC (1:2). With increasing surfactant concentration, the foam volume first increased and then gradually decreased. At a concentration of 0.3 wt.%, the highest foam volume (460 mL) was produced with HM-OTAC (1:3). Compared to OTAC, the foams produced by each HM-OTAC surfactant exhibited higher temperature stability. In the presence of 30 mL methanol, the initial foam volume of all HM-OTAC surfactants (0.3 wt.%) was generally higher than that of OTAC. With 300 mL HM-OTAC (1:4) solution, the highest foam volume of 20.2 mL could be produced. HM-OTAC (1:3) showed the highest salt resistance.
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Ferrara, Massimo, Antonia Gallo, Carla Cervini, Lucia Gambacorta, Michele Solfrizzo, Scott E. Baker, and Giancarlo Perrone. "Evidence of the Involvement of a Cyclase Gene in the Biosynthesis of Ochratoxin A in Aspergillus carbonarius." Toxins 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120892.
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a well-known mycotoxin with wide distribution in food and feed. Fungal genome sequencing has great utility for identifying secondary metabolites gene clusters for known and novel compounds. A comparative analysis of the OTA-biosynthetic cluster in A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. niger, A. carbonarius, and P. nordicum has revealed a high synteny in OTA cluster organization in five structural genes (otaA, otaB, ota, otaR1, and otaD). Moreover, a recent detailed comparative genome analysis of Aspergilli OTA producers led to the identification of a cyclase gene, otaY, located in the OTA cluster between the otaA and otaB genes, encoding for a predicted protein with high similarity to SnoaLs domain. These proteins have been shown to catalyze ring closure steps in the biosynthesis of polyketide antibiotics produced in Streptomyces. In the present study, we demonstrated an upregulation of the cyclase gene in A. carbonarius under OTA permissive conditions, consistent with the expression trends of the other OTA cluster genes and their role in OTA biosynthesis by complete gene deletion. Our results pointed out the involvement of a cyclase gene in OTA biosynthetic pathway for the first time. They represent a step forward in the understanding of the molecular basis of OTA biosynthesis in A. carbonarius.
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Fatović-Ferenčić, Stella, and Jasenka Ferber Bogdan. "Otac i sinovi." Acta medico-historica Adriatica 16, no. 1 (2018): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.16.1.2.
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This paper presents the role of Eugen Viktor Feller, a pharmacist and factory owner, with an emphasis on his marketing strategy in advertising his pharmacy specialty Elsa. Various types of contemporary press and advertising leaflets and packaging were used as a starting point for analysis. The abundance of the collected material provided an insight into Feller’s communication strategy of the approach to consumers, comparing advertising in different media and time spans. Following the appearance and elaboration of visual communication phenomena as part of family interest, approaches and advances in the development of advertising in the projects of Feller’s sons Miroslav and Ferdinand were presented. Upgrading to the father’s positive marketing experience they begin a more contemplative advertising campaign. Ferdinand Feller introduces the concept of collective pharmaceutical propaganda into pharmaceutical marketing, while Miroslav Feller becomes one of the leaders in the development of institutionalization and professionalization of commercial graphic design. Thus, marketing development was demonstrated through marketing approaches and innovative ideas of the three members of Feller family, illustrating the shift in approaches that marked the beginning of a different management within an industrial society, where advertising became an indispensable part and a promoter of market relationships.<span class="_wysihtml5-temp-placeholder"> <span class="_wysihtml5-temp-placeholder">
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Ma, Kang, Bei Chen Lan, and Zhen Hua Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Organically Modified Sepiolite by Octadearyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.182.
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To improve the compatibility and dispersion of the sepiolite in polymers, a surfactant of octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride（OTAC）was used to modify sepiolite. The experiment was used to analyze the effects of OTAC dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time on the wettability of organically-modified sepiolite. The effects on the structure performance of sepiolite were investigated by XRD, SEM and contact angle measurements. The orthogonal experimental esults show that the optimum amount of OTAC, reaction temperature and reaction time are 400 mmol/kg, 90 °C and 120 min, respectively.
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Wang, Bao-tian, Can-hong Zhang, Xue-lian Qiu, En-yue Ji, and Wen-hui Zhang. "Research on Wetting-Drying Cycles’ Effect on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Improved by OTAC-KCl." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/304276.
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Expansive soil experiences periodic swelling and shrinkage during the alternate wet and dry environments, which will result in severe damage to the slope stability. In this study, a promising modifier OTAC-KCl is introduced, which has a good diffusivity and is soluble in water or other solvents easily. Firstly, a reasonable combination of ameliorant 0.3% STAC and 3% KCl is chosen referring to the free swell test. Then, the best curing period, 14 days, is gotten from UCS tests. The effect of wetting and drying cycles on engineering properties of expansive soil improved by OTAC-KCl admixtures after 14-day curing is also studied accordingly. Both treated and untreated expansive soil samples are prepared for the cyclic wetting-drying tests which mainly include cyclic swelling potential and cyclic strength tests. Experimental results show that the swelling potential of expansive soil samples stabilized with OTAC-KCl is suppressed efficiently, and the untreated soil specimens will collapse when immersed in water while the treated specimens keep in good conditions. Moreover, expansive soil samples modified with 0.3% OTAC + 3% KCl show enough durability on the swelling ability, shear strength, and unconfined compressive strength, which means, that both the physical and the mechanical properties of stabilized expansive soil have been improved effectively.
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Feng, Yangyang, Yunxiao Feng, Xiaojie Zhou, Qihui Wang, and Yunli Cao. "Single and Double Alkyl Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Environment-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for a Q235 Steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 Solution." Coatings 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2023): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111847.
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In this work, the corrosion inhibition effects of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) on Q235 steel in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution are studied. The results of the electrochemical experiment, contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the two ionic liquids belong to mixed-type corrosion inhibitors with good anti-corrosion performance. Additionally, OTAC has a better anti-corrosion ability than DDAC, implying that the steric hindrance effect of the double alkyl chain is not conducive to the adsorption of DDAC on the electrode surface.
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Qian, Yan, Zeen Huang, Guantao Zhou, Chenan Chen, Yuhang Sang, Zuolong Yu, Legao Jiang, Yuning Mei, and Yunxiao Wei. "Preparation and Properties of Organically Modified Na-Montmorillonite." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083184.
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This study investigates the montmorillonite (MMT) content, rotational viscosity, and colloidal index of sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as a function of the sodium agent dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring time. Na-MMT was modified using different octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) dosages under optimal sodification conditions. The organically modified MMT products were characterized via infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the Na-MMT with good properties (i.e., the maximum rotational viscosity and highest Na-MMT content with no decrease in the colloid index) was obtained at a 2.8% sodium carbonate dosage (measured based on the MMT mass), a temperature of 25 °C, and a reaction time of two hours. Upon organic modification of the optimized Na-MMT, OTAC entered the NA-MMT interlayer, and the contact angle was increased from 20.0° to 61.4°, the layer spacing was increased from 1.58 to 2.47 nm, and the thermal stability was conspicuously increased. Thus, MMT and Na-MMT were modified by the OTAC modifier.
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Roeßler, M., K. Pflüger, H. Flach, T. Lienard, G. Gottschalk, and V. Müller. "Identification of a Salt-Induced Primary Transporter for Glycine Betaine in the Methanogen Methanosarcina mazei Gö1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (May 2002): 2133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2133-2139.2002.
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ABSTRACT The salt adaptation of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 was studied at the physiological and molecular levels. The freshwater organism M. mazei Gö1 was able to adapt to salt concentrations up to 1 M, and the addition of the compatible solute glycine betaine to the growth medium facilitated adaptation to higher salt concentrations. Transport studies with cell suspensions revealed a salt-induced glycine betaine uptake activity in M. mazei Gö1, and inhibitor studies argue for a primary transport device. Analysis of the genome of M. mazei Gö1 identified a homolog of known primary glycine betaine transporters. This gene cluster was designated Ota (osmoprotectant transporter A). Its sequence and gene organization are very similar to those of the glycine betaine transporter OpuA of Bacillus subtilis. Northern blot analysis of otaC revealed a salt-dependent transcription of this gene. Ota is the first identified salt-induced transporter for compatible solutes in Archaea.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Otac"
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Davanzo, Enrico Maria Sebastiano <1994>. ""Otac" di Miljenko Jergovic. Proposta di traduzione e commento." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14462.
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Il presente elaborato consiste nella traduzione del libro Otac (“Padre”) dello scrittore croato-bosniaco Miljenko Jergović (1966- vivente), pubblicato a Belgrado dall’editore Rende nell’estate del 2010.
Il libro corrisponde al tentativo da parte dell’autore di ricostruire la vita del proprio padre, medico sarajevese ed ex-partigiano, messa in relazione al contesto storico e culturale dell’ex-Jugoslavia attraverso le numerose digressioni che inframmezzano il racconto.
Tali caratteristiche permettono di ricondurre l’opera a categorie letterarie diverse: romanzo, saggio, prosa biografica e memorialistica.
Risulta centrale la riflessione condotta da Jergović sul legame tra appartenenza nazionale e responsabilità storica collettiva. Sono inoltre presenti tematiche ricorrenti nella produzione dello scrittore: la guerra, il nazionalismo, il rapporto dell’individuo con la propria identità.
L’elaborato si struttura in quattro capitoli: i primi due ospitano un breve profilo bio-bibliografico dell’autore e un commento all’opera tradotta. Di questi sarà fornita una traduzione in croato.
Il terzo capitolo presenta il testo tradotto in italiano.
Il quarto è dedicato al commento traduttologico. Questo comprende l’esposizione delle diverse fasi del processo traduttivo e delle strategie adottate per trasporre l’opera dalla lingua croata in quella italiana, illustrate attraverso una selezione di esempi testuali significativi.
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Elías, Pérez Elizabeth, and Mauricio Kayser. "OTEC CENCOSUD." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117543.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en AdministraciónAutores no envían autorización, para ser publicada en el Portal de Tesis Electrónicas de la U. de Chile.
Elías Pérez, Elizabeth [Parte I Análisis estratégico y de mercado],Kayser, Mauricio [Parte II Análisis organizativo y financiero]
El informe que se presenta a continuación, consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de negocios para un Organismo Técnico de Capacitación interno de Cencosud, dependiente de la unidad de negocios de retail financiero. El principal propósito de la creación de esta OTEC no es generar ingresos por la actividad de capacitación, sino ser una UEN que tenga como misión internalizar conocimientos al equipo de cajas (Jumbo, Easy) con el fin de poder mejorar la productividad y que la compañía pueda incrementar la venta con el medio de pago propio (Tarjeta Cencosud) y los productos financieros del retail (Avance en efectivo, créditos de consumo y seguros). Sin embrago, con el desarrollo de este trabajo, pudimos comprobar que esta unidad de negocios, también puede generar ingresos importantes a la compañía, con un VAN, al finalizar los 10 años de operación de M$5.242.458 y una TIR= 254%. Ya al primer año de operación, el ROI= 91% El alcance del proyecto es Chile, específicamente la Región de Santiago y a los supermercados Jumbo en esta primera etapa. Esto es debido a la dotación y la posibilidad de uso de la franquicia tributaria SENCE. De resultar este intra-emprendimiento, se podría expandir la operación a todas las regiones de Chile y a los otros retail del holding. Para esto, se creará un Organismo Técnico de Capacitación (OTEC), que contará con un equipo interno interdisciplinario, con el fin de ofrecer los servicios de capacitación a las diferentes Unidades de Negocio de Cencosud. La OTEC Cencosud, Capacita, será́ una unidad estratégica de negocio autosustentable, que ofrecerá́ formación con un modelo único de aprendizaje, impregnado de la Cultura Cencosud. Contará con un equipo propio, contenido de excelencia y a menor costo para las Unidades de Negocio
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Henríquez, Arratia María Isabel, and Estay Christhoper Jonnathan Estay. "OTEC para conductores profesionales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137668.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en AdministraciónMaría Isabel Henríquez A. [Parte I Análisis estratégico y de mercado] , Christhoper Jonnathan Estay Estay [Parte II Análisis organizativo - financiero]
Chile es un país cuya economía se orienta a la explotación y exportación de recursos naturales. Sin embargo, su ubicación respecto de los mercados internacionales, y sus características geográficas hacen que el transporte de cargas por carretera sea de vital importancia para la economía del país y que los costos de transporte para las empresas sean superiores a los de países competidores. Los choferes de camiones están siendo cada vez más escasos. Incluso algunos calculan que se necesitan cada año entre 14.000 y 15.000 conductores nuevos1: 18.000 camiones para 4.000 licencias (A5) por año, cifra que podría llegar a 20.000 al año 2016. Ante esta situación, se identifica la necesidad de la falta de mano de obra calificada de conductores de camiones para la empresa LINSA S.A. y también para todo el sector de la industria de transporte de camiones de carga2. En razón de lo anterior, la oportunidad detectada es crear un intra-emprendimiento en la empresa Transportes LINSA S.A., enfocado en proveer conductores de carga profesionales calificados. Específicamente, en una primera etapa, realizar una OTEC3 que aumente la cantidad y calidad de conductores con licencia A-3 (buses) y A-5 (camiones) en la empresa LINSA S.A. En una segunda etapa del emprendimiento, la oportunidad es ofrecer este servicio para toda la industria de transporte de carga, también enfocado al transporte en la industria minera, de la zona norte grande del país. De esta forma, el presente plan de negocios se encuentra inmerso en la industria de los Organismos Técnicos de Capacitación (OTEC) para empresas grandes de transporte de carga, para la industria minera, en la zona norte de Chile. Los principales competidores en la región de Iquique identificados por los conductores de Linsa S.A. son: Automóvil Club De Chile Ltda, Soc. Comercial Esc. De Conductores Luz Verde Ltda., Escuela De Conductores Profesionales Fenix E.I.R.L. y Escuela de Conductores Hernando de Magallanes. Los atributos más valorados por los potenciales clientes son: menor costo del curso, menor duración del curso y menores requisitos para cursarlo. Del análisis de Porter se concluyer que en la primera etapa de este intra-emprendimiento, la rivalidad de los competidores será baja con una buena rentabilidad y estabilidad, situación que cambia en la segunda etapa, donde la rentabilidad del negocio se verá afectada por el aumento en la rivalidad de los competidores. Las principales ventajas competitivas que tienen este son: Relatores con experiencia, know-how industria minera y transporte, nombre de la marca, ofrecer prácticas inter-empresa y generar oportunidades laborales. Dentro de los principales stakeholders están: Sence, otras empresas de transporte, organismos reguladores del estado, municipalidades y los relatores. El simulador de inmersión es una ventaja competitiva transitoria, ya que es de fácil imitación. El mercado potencial de las empresas de transporte es de 12.600 personas al año, equivalente a US$14.400.000 al año. El mercado objetivo es el siguiente: • Primera Etapa: 120 alumnos equivalente a US$137.000 al año • Segunda Etapa: 488 alumnos equivalente a US$557.000 al año La estructura de recursos humanos es bastante plana, pero cada uno con funciones bien definidas y con las responsabilidades de controlar las partes administrativas y de contenido. En el plan financiero confirma, a través de todos sus indicadores presentados, la factibilidad financiera del presente proyecto, por cuanto presenta un VAN positivo equivalente a $414.359.077, una TIR de 48,57% que es muy superior a la tasa exigida al proyecto de 15,68%, y la inversión se recupera aproximadamente a los 2 años de iniciada la operación del negocio. Este se muestra rentable para cualquier inversor, siendo el financiamiento una variable menor, debido a lo atractivo del proyecto.
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Laestander, Joakim, and Simon Laestander. "OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98974.
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OTEC is a technology where power is produced by utilizing the temperature difference in the oceans between surface water and water from the deep. It is considered that a temperature difference of 20K is required – a temperature difference found close to the equator.This report investigates if OTEC can produce enough electricity to provide 100 000 people, living on a generic island of 10 km2 somewhere alongside the equator in the pacific ocean, with their electricity needs. In this project a literature review has been made to establish a basic knowledge of OTEC and later a mathematical model has been programmed and simulated. Finally the results of the simulation has been examined and discussed.Two different cycles has been simulated alongside each other with the goal to establish which one of these two cycles that were best suited the island. To facilitate computing some assumptions and simplifications were made.The closed cycle (CC) was the most effective but the open cycle (OC) had several positive synergies that the closed cycle didn’t have. The costs of a facility of both cycles were based on older studies in the field and the conclusion was that the open cycle was the cheaper one. Facilities of both cycles can effectively meet the islands energy needs but if OC is chosen before CC more facilities has to be built due to the OC has lower energy output.Further work and development is necessary before OTEC seriously can challenge todays fossil fuel based energy systems, or until the oil starts to get too expensive. Today OTEC technology demands large investments but if the positive environmental effects and the fact that the island releases itself from import of energy are taken into account there are incentives to invest in OTEC already.OTEC är en teknik där kraft utvinns från havsvatten genom att utnyttja temperaturdifferensen mellan ytvatten och vatten från djupet. Denna teknik kräver dock generellt en temperaturdifferens på minst 20K. En sådan temperaturskillnad är geografiskt begränsad till den tropiska zonen runt ekvatorn.I rapporten undersöks om OTEC kan användas till att förse 100 000 människor, boende på en 10 stor generisk ö i just den tropiska zonen, med dess elbehov. I detta projekt har det gjorts en litteraturstudie för att etablera en kunskapsbas och sedan gjorts en matematisk modell i programmet EES och slutligen har resultaten från modellen granskats och diskuterats. I modellen jämfördes två olika cykler och målet var att bestämma vilken av dessa som var det bästa alternativet för ön. För att underlätta beräkningarna gjordes vissa antaganden och förenklingar.Den slutna cykeln var mest effektiv men den öppna cykeln (OC) hade positiva synergieffekter som den sluta cykeln (CC) saknade. Kostnaden för en anläggning baserades på äldre studier och enligt dessa var den öppna cykeln billigare än den slutna. Anläggningar av de båda cyklerna kan tillgodose den fiktiva öns energibehov, det behöver dock byggas fler anläggningar om OC väljs framför CC.Det kommer krävas ytterligare arbete med att utveckla tekniken innan OTEC på allvar kan utmana dagens fossilbränslebaserade energisystem – eller att oljan helt enkelt blir för dyr. Idag är OTEC för dyrt för att kunna motiveras rent ekonomiskt, men om även miljövinsterna beaktas, samt att ön befriar sig från importer och därigenom får större kontroll över sitt eget energisystem, finns goda incitament att investera i OTEC redan idag.
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Karkiainen, Ida, and Mika Reichel. "OTEC-Ett energialternativ för enhållbar ö." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98971.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a technology that utilizes the temperaturedifference in oceans between the warm surface water and the cold water at 1000 m depthto produce electricity. The purpose of this report is to investigate if OTEC with its synergiescould become a commercially feasible energy solution for a small island. A literature reviewis conducted to explore the different OTEC technologies and to what extent the threesynergies; fresh water, air conditioning and aquaculture, could be used. In order to calculatethe profitability of these synergies there is also a study conducted on the conventionalmethods and cost of fresh water production, aquaculture and air conditioning. A model is setup using a scenario of a small tropical Island with population of 100 000 people. The islandselectricity, freshwater and cooling demand is investigated.The profitability for four different OTEC plants is calculated and it is found that all the plantsare profitable if all the synergies are utilized and the oil price is above 120 $/fat. Therevenues from freshwater production and cooling greatly contribute to the profitability.Målet med denna studie är att undersöka om Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) meddess synergier kan vara en konkurrenskraftig energilösning på en fiktiv ö. I en litteraturstudieundersöks olika typer OTEC-teknologier. Litteraturstudien undersöker även i vilkenomfattning de tre synergierna; sötvatten, fjärrkyla och akvakultur kan framställas från OTEC.För att kunna genomföra en analys på hur synergierna påverkar OTEC-teknikens lönsamhetundersöks även hur sötvatten, kyla och akvakultur framställs konventionellt idag. Genom enekonomisk modell genomförs sedan beräkningar för att ta reda på om en OTEC-anläggningkan vara ett lönsamt energialternativ på en ö i Stilla havet med en befolkning på 100 000personer. El-, sötvatten- och kylbehovet på ön estimeras från andra områden med liknandeförutsättningar.Lönsamheten för fyra olika OTEC-anläggningar analyseras och dessa anläggningar visar sigvara ekonomiskt lönsamma ifall alla synergier nyttjas och om oljepriset är över 120 $/fat.Intäkterna från sötvatten och fjärrkyla bidrar starkt till lönsamheten för OTEC.
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Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de [UNESP]. "Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influência na região, há maiores vantagens em engajar a OTAN no Atlântico Sul. Por outro lado, a falta de clareza dos objetivos da organi-zação na região cria uma imagem de desconfiança para as potências regionais (Brasil, Argen-tina) que assumem uma postura defensiva em evitar a interferência de atores extrarregionais em seus espaços estratégicos. De forma geral, a pesquisa mostra que a participação da Aliança no Atlântico Sul serve para reforçar os interesses dos aliados e reformular as relações de força na região por meio de acordos diplomáticos, exercícios militares conjuntos, formação de par-cerias, intercâmbio de recursos e capacidades como se vê nas relações da OTAN com Cabo Verde, Mauritânia, Colômbia e outros países desse entorno regional.
In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there are greater advantages in engaging NATO in the South Atlantic. On the other hand, the lack of clarity of the organization's objectives in the region creates a distrust image for the regional powers (Brazil, Argentina) that take a defensive stance in avoiding the inter-ference of extra-regional actors in their strategic spaces. Overall, the research shows that the Alliance's participation in the South Atlantic serves to reinforce the interests of allies and to reshape the region's power relations through diplomatic agreements, joint military exercises, partnerships, exchange of resources and capacity as it is seen in NATO relations with Cape Verde, Mauritania, Colombia and other countries in this region.
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Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de. "Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul." Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Gustavo Poggio TeixeiraResumo: No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Saud, S. Rodrigo, and I. Oscar Canales. "OTEC para capacitación de trabajadores extranjeros." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167864.
Full textAbstract:
TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓNSaud S., Rodrigo [Parte I], Canales I., Oscar [Parte II]
La llegada masiva de extranjeros a buscar una mejor calidad de vida ha cambiado drásticamente el panorama del mercado laboral chileno. Esto debido a que dichas personas están siendo contratados para labores de baja calificación, que los trabajadores chilenos no están dispuestos a realizar, al menos por el salario que sus pares internacionales si están aceptando. Lo descrito anteriormente abre una oportunidad única, a partir de la cual el presente informe expone una manera de aprovechar una idea de negocio, que consiste en la creación de una empresa de capacitación orientada a trabajadores extranjeros, de manera que éstos puedan insertarse en forma rápida y eficiente dentro de sus respectivos equipos de trabajo. Así, se busca que los empleadores puedan percibir los beneficios de contar con trabajadores mejor capacitados y de alta efectividad por el hecho de eliminar barreras asociadas a idiosincrasia, jerga y naturaleza del mercado laboral chileno, así como también, la mejora en competencias técnicas necesarias. A la luz de los análisis realizados, se propone una empresa de bajo costo, con una alta eficiencia en su funcionamiento y un intensivo seguimiento tanto a prospectos como clientes, de manera de que se aprovechen al máximo todas las instancias de contacto para potenciales ventas, y por último asegurar la calidad del servicio entregado. Así, aprovechando que la mayoría de los OTEC presentes en el mercado se orienta a aquellos trabajadores que cuentan con altos niveles de renta y preparación, esta propuesta va a rubros clásicos como son la construcción, manufactura, hotelería y restaurantes, y a trabajadores de baja calificación y con rentas bajas. La idea es ofrecer capacitaciones tanto en dependencias propias como de los clientes, con una alta coordinación, que busca optimizar la capacidad disponible. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, se requiere de una inversión inicial de $94.042.779, obtenido a partir de deuda. Con una tasa de descuento para cinco años de un 15,647%, se obtiene un VAN de $178.136.517 y una TIR de 63,81%. El payback del proyecto es de 1,87 años, y un ROI promedio de 116%. Para el inversionista, se proyecta un VAN de $ 233.136.517 y una TIR de 130,24%, lo cual hace atractivo invertir en el proyecto planteado.
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Castellanos, Onorio Olaya Pirene. "Estudio de la estabilidad termica de la ocratoxina a durante el tostado del café (Coffea arabica)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20033.
Full textAbstract:
L'ochratoxine A (OTA) est un métabolite secondaire produit par des espèces appartenant aux genres Aspergillus et Penicillium qui a été liée à certaines conditions avec des effets néphrotoxiques, immunotoxiques, tératogènes et cancérogènes. La présence d'OTA dans le café vert a été détectée depuis 1974 et sa transmission à la boisson a été mise en évidence en 1989. La torréfaction du café est un procédé thermique qui peut avoir un effet sur la teneur en OTA, avant 1988, on pensait que l'OTA était détruite pendant la torréfaction, mais après plusieurs chercher sont des résultats contradictoires publiés dans % de réduction (de 0 à 100%). Plusieurs auteurs émis les hypothèses suivantes pour expliquer cette réduction : Isomérisation de la toxine dans la position C3 formant un diastéréoisomère moins toxique (Studer-Rohr et al, 1995 et Bruinink et al, 1997), protection de la dégradation d’OTA par l'humidité du grain (Boudra et al 1995; Blanc et al, 1998 et Stegen et al, 2001.), existence de réactions avec le café toxine parent ou réarrangements de la molécule OTA à températures de torréfaction (Suarez-Quiroz et al, 2005). Une autre étude sur la dégradation thermique de OTA pure a montré la formation de deux composés moins toxiques, 14-(R)-ochratoxine A et de la 14-descarboxi-ochratoxine A (Cramer et al, 2008). Parce qu'il n'y a pas de données concluantes sur l'effet de la torréfaction sur l'OTA dans le grain et le besoin de bases scientifiques pour établir des règles pour l'exportation de café vert, l'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier l'impact des différents types de torréfaction sur la stabilité thermique de l'OTA dans le café et l'élucidation chimique des produits de transformation. Deux niveaux de contamination ont été obtenus à partir de café contaminés artificiellement par Aspergillus westerdijkiae (5,3 et 57,2 ppb d'OTA). Ces lots sont grillés à 230° en utilisant deux méthodes : La torréfaction à tambour (TR) et à lit fluidisé (LF). Les échantillons ont été prélevés toutes les 3 min pour TR et chaque min 0,9 pour LF pour quantifier la valeur résiduelle d¡¯OTA. Les résultats ont montré que le procédé de torréfaction par TR (plus lent) était plus efficace que la FL dans l'élimination de l'OTA (67% et 36%, respectivement, pour une torréfaction moyenne). Nous avons déterminé le taux de dégradation thermique de OTA pure et de l'OTA mélangée avec les composants du café (5 sucres, 3 acides aminés, la caféine et les acides chlorogéniques), montrant que les interactions se déroulent en fonction des conditions de pH et de pKa des composants testés, dans ce cas, en influant sur la réactivité et la vitesse de dégradation de l'OTA. Un produit de transformation (PT) a été observé sur les chromatogrammes obtenus à partir de l'interaction de l'OTA avec les composants du café. Des tests d'alcalinisation et de chauffage de OTA pure ont confirmé que le PT provient de la modification structurale de la molécule d'OTA et n’est pas un produit de l'interaction avec les composants naturels du café. L'effet du pH et de la température sur l'extraction de l'OTA dans le café contaminé a été testé dans ce travail, les résultats ont montré une plus grande extraction de la toxine à un pH de 8,5 et 6°. Au même pH à 20° il y avait une plus importante formation d'un produit de transformation. Le PT a été purifié pour mener à bien sa caractérisation chimique. La nature chimique du produit de transformation, les données spectroscopiques telles que celles obtenus sous UV-Vis (max: 237nm), l'affinité avec la phase mobile de l'OTA, l'analyse de l'alcalinisation (phénomène de régénération de l'OTA et PT), l'analyse d’isotopes stables (SIDA’s) et le spectre de masse (ion moléculaire M+1: 420 m/z), suggèrent que la structure de le PT d'OTA durant le processus de torréfaction correspond à un analogue de l'OTA qui conserve son groupe carboxyle acide et conformément à la fragmentation correspond à la Hydroxy-ochratoxine A (OH-OTA), avec des quantités mineures d’ OTA et de ses isomèresOchratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by species belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and this toxin has been associated with certain illnesses within nephrotoxic effects, immunotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. The presence of OTA in green coffee was detected in 1974 and its transmission into the beverage was made evident in 1989. Roasting coffee is a thermal process that have an effect on the OTA content. Before 1988 it was thought that the OTA was destroyed during roasting, but after several investigations, results published are contradictory results published in the % reduction (from 0 to 100%). Several authors have established hypothesis that try explain this reduction: Isomerization of the toxin in the C3 position forming a less toxic diastereomers (Studer-Rohr et al., 1995 and Bruinink et al., 1997), Protection of grain moisture degradation OTA (Boudra et al., 1995; Blanc et al., 1998 and Stegen et al., 2001), Existence of reactions with the parent toxin coffee or rearrangements of the OTA molecule roasting temperatures (200¡ã and 250¡ãC) (Su¨¢rez-Quiroz et al., 2005). Another study on thermal degradation of pure OTA showed the formation of two less toxic compounds 14 - (R)-ochratoxin A and the 14-descarboxi-Ochratoxin A (Cramer et al., 2008).Because there are no conclusive data regarding the effect of roasting on OTA in grain and the need for scientific bases for establishing regulations for export of green coffee, the objective of this work was to study the impact of different types of roasting on the thermal stability of OTA in coffee and chemical elucidation of the transformation products.Two levels of contamination were obtained by the contamination of coffee with a strain of A. westerdijkiae (5.3 and 57.2 ppb of OTA). These lots were roasted at 230 ¡ã C using two methods: Drum rotation (TR) and fluidized bed (LF). Samples were taken every 3 min from TR and every 0.9 min for LF to quantify the residual OTA. The results showed that in roasting process by TR (slower), it was more effective than with LF in the elimination of OTA (67% and 36%, respectively, for a medium roast). The thermal degradation rate of pure OTA and of OTA mixed with the components of coffee (5 sugars, 3 amino acids, caffeine and chlorogenic acids), were determined, showing that interactions took place dependent themselves on the conditions of pH and pKa values of the components tested, in this case by influencing by the reactivity and the rate of degradation of OTA. A transformation product (TP) was observed in the chromatograms obtained from the interaction of OTA with the components of coffee. A test of alkalinization and warming of pure OTA confirmed that the TP comes from the structural modification of the OTA molecule and is not a product of interaction with the natural components of coffee. The pH and temperature showed an effect in extraction of OTA in contaminated coffee, the results show better extraction of the toxin at pH 8.5 at 60 ¡ãC. At the same pH at 20 ¡ãC, it was shown a greater formation of the transformation product.The TP was purified to carry out its chemical characterization. The chemical nature of compound transformation and spectroscopic data such as UV-Vis (¦Ëmax: 237nm), the affinity with the mobile phase of the OTA, the analysis of alkalinization (OTA regeneration phenomenon and TP) analysis of stable isotopes (SIDA's) and the mass spectrum (molecular ion M +: 420 m / z), suggest that structurally the TP of OTA during the roasting process corresponds to an analogue of OTA which retains its acidic carboxyl group and in accordance to fragmentation corresponds to the Hydroxi- Ochratoxin A (OH-OTA), as well as minor amounts of OTA and its isomers
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Almerud, Eva-Kersti. "Ota Pavels sagovärld : Biografiska, narratologiska och språkliga perspektiv på Ota Pavels författarskap." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-111802.
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Abstract The present dissertation analyzes the role of the fairy tale in the literary works of the Czech author Ota Pavel. Ota Pavel (1930–1973) started as a sports reporter and later became a popular and esteemed writer of fiction, mainly short stories. His works have been translated to many languages, among them Swedish. The study consists of a biographical reading of Ota Pavel’s texts and a discussion of the function of the fairy tale in his stories. My analysis of his literary development and use of various prose elements is based on narratological theories of the fairy tale – Karel Čapek’s motifs and fairytale characters, Gérard Genette’s paratexts and Vladimir Propp’s functions and dramatis personae – and includes remarks on the function of diminutives, etc. Ota Pavel is also viewed in the context of the literary landscape of his time – the 1960s and 1970s – and the reception of his work is discussed. Pavel’s stories contain a number of characteristic features which together form his unique style: direct allusions and references to fairy tales--for example, fairies and witches – and the linguistic markers and distinctive use of the narrator’s voice. One of the most common characters in Ota Pavel’s work is the hero, who, often with the assistance of magical objects or supernatural helpers, defeats supernatural antagonists or solves impossible tasks. Developing and growing as he – the hero is usually male–strives toward his goal, Pavel’s protagonist struggles not with dragons and giants, but with himself and his own difficulties and misfortunes. Earlier research refers to Ota Pavel’s two “genres”: sports prose and retrospective, or “memory” prose. This study shows that the boundary between the two is fluid, and that all Pavel’s work might be called memory prose. The title of this thesis – Ota Pavels sagovärld (The Fairytale World of Ota Pavel) – indicates the perspective from which the subject is approached. On the one hand, it alludes to the influence of the fairy tale on Pavel’s work, while on the other it points to the fact that his own life was such that he sometimes needed to retreat into a fantasy world of his own. Keywords: Tjeckisk litteratur, saga, Ota Pavel, narratologi, Tjeckoslovakien
Books on the topic "Otac"
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Jovanović, Boris. Otac. Podgorica: Oktoih, 2007.
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Bošković, Dragan. Otac. Kraljevo: Narodna biblioteka "Stefan Prvovenčani", 2013.
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Jovanović, Boris. Otac. Podgorica: Oktoih, 2007.
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Jovanović, Boris. Otac. Podgorica: Oktoih, 2007.
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translator, Ozren Vida, ed. Naš otac. Čakovec: Dvostruka Duga, 2017.
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Bekrić, Ismet. Otac s kišobranom. Wuppertal: Bosanska riječ--Bosnisches Wort, 1994.
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Danilov, Dragan Jovanović. Otac ledenih brda. Beograd: Arhipelag, 2009.
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Manastir, Oštrog. Otac Georgije Mirković. Banja Luka: Centar za srpske studije, 2022.
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Ilić-Kovačević, Ivka. Otac kamenog srca. Tešanj: Izdavačko-štamparska kuća Planjax komerc doo, 2021.
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Mikulić, Goran. Mario: Moj otac. Sarajevo: Art Rabic, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Otac"
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Merkle, Walter. "OTAS." In Risk Management in Medicine, 89–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47407-5_10.
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Chotiwari-Jünger, Steffi. "Tschiladse, Otar." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21721-1.
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Altenbach, Holm, and George Jaiani. "Oniashvili, Otar." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_369-1.
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Ohnishi, Hiroe, and Tatsunori Sakamoto. "Otic Induction." In Regenerative Medicine for the Inner Ear, 91–99. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54862-1_11.
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Altenbach, Holm, and George Jaiani. "Oniashvili, Otar." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1969–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_369.
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Yee, A. A. "OTEC Platform." In Large Floating Structures, 261–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-137-4_10.
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Slawik, Marc, Felix Beuschlein, Katrina Light, Roger Mulder, Gordon Dent, Mark G. Buckley, Stephen T. Holgate, et al. "OTC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1550. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_5045.
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Stüben, Jannina Maleika, and Lorenzo Cantoni. "Sustainability Nudges While Booking a Flight on an OTA Website." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2024, 287–98. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58839-6_31.
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AbstractIn recent years the ecological impact of Tourism has been more and more considered, raising the issue of how to ensure higher levels of sustainability. Especially when it comes to flights, the issue of energy consumption and of exploring strategies to reduce the CO2 footprint of civil aviation has attracted a special attention, in particular while taking into account the so-called attitude-behavior gap, which describes major discrepancies between what people say about their commitment to sustainability and what they actually do when taking decisions. A possible strategy to address such issues is leveraging on “nudges” while persons are exploring available flights on an online travel agency’s platform (OTA), ensuring that they are adequately informed and offered good – more sustainable – alternatives. Based on the current literature and on the analyzed cases, this study presents a first map of twelve possible types of nudges, organized in four main categories: CO2 emissions, transportation mode, CO2 compensation, and sustainability efforts. Moreover, it shows their actual, quite limited, presence on ten major OTAs.
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Chotiwari-Jünger, Steffi. "Tschiladse, Otar: Avelumi." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21723-1.
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Chotiwari-Jünger, Steffi. "Tschiladse, Otar: Godori." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21724-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Otac"
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Denney, Russell K., Brian Kestner, and Dimitri N. Mavris. "Compressor Modeling and Simulation Using Object-Oriented Turbomachinery Analysis Code (OTAC)." In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3927.
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Shangshang, Ye, Yang Hongyi, and Wang Xiaokun. "Simulation Study of Dynamic Characteristic of Once-Through Steam Generator for CEFR." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60017.
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The reliability of steam generator is extremely important for the sodium-cooled fast reactor nuclear power plant safety and stable operation. The convective heat transfer mechanism of the once-through steam generator (OTSG) of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) was researched. The water/steam side was divided into four areas according to the heat flux and steam quality, named subcooled, nucleate-boiling, film-boiling, and superheater. In order to accurate determine the DNB, the CHF table was used in this paper. Based on the homogeneous flow model and fixed boundary method, a thermal-hydraulic simulation system, which named OTAC, was established in this paper. To evaluate its performance, the predictions of this method were compared with PSM-W code. The maximum difference between the temperatures predicted by this model and PSM-W was ∼5K. The calculated results are consistent with the actual experiment data, which indicates the correctness of the mathematical model and simulation method. Static and dynamic characteristic researches of CEFR OTSG have done in the simulation system. And the system can be used to simulate the OTSG dynamic in real-time.
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Srinivasan, Nagan. "A New Improved Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion System With Suitable Floating Vessel Design." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80092.
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Demand for energy worldwide is increasing significantly. A need for alternate energy sources has been brought to the attention of scientists and engineers. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is one among them which is in the development stage for the past three to four decades. Great amount of energy is available in deep-ocean with temperature difference between in upper surface-layer and in deep-ocean layer with maximum range of say up to 25 degree C in localized offshore locations near of equatorial waters. However, the technology is not in commercial operation due to the need of large capital cost. Advances in heat-exchanger material, cold-water pumps and working-fluid are the areas that research has been done extensively to make OTEC successful system. However none of that improvement in the design made OTEC technology attractive for cost effective commercialization. This paper proposes a new feasible OTEC system for about 100 MW power plants with significant change from the conventional system. The main purpose of the proposed new OTEC system is to reduce the capital cost significantly and make it commercial feasible. New types of floating vessels are proposed to support the new OTEC system to achieve cost efficiency. The floaters are very innovatively designed to support the new OTEC system. The new OTEC system with the corresponding floater significantly reduces the capital-cost of the OTEC system compared to the conventional OTEC system. Both the new OTEC system and the supporting floater system are presented herein.
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Anderson, James H. "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Choosing a Working Fluid." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81211.
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Ocean thermal energy plants are thermal power plants that use warm ocean surface water as a source of heat and cold seawater from the deep ocean as a heat sink. A historical perspective along with the development of the technology will be presented. A short description describing the subtle differences between OTEC and fossil and nuclear plants will be presented. Open cycle OTEC and closed cycle OTEC will be described with a focus on the influence of choice of working fluid on the design of a plant. Various working fluids could be selected for use in closed cycle OTEC plants. A review and comparison of potential working fluids will address the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fluids. Their characteristics along with a comparison to water as a working fluid in open cycle OTEC will be explained.
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Afzal, Samira, Farzad Tashtarian, Hamid Hadian, Alireza Erfanian, Christian Timmerer, and Radu Prodan. "OTEC." In CoNEXT '22: The 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565476.3569099.
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Koyama, Kohei, Hirotaka Chiyoda, Hirofumi Arima, and Yasuyuki Ikegami. "Effect of Channel Geometry on Ammonia Boiling Heat Transfer of a Plate-Type Evaporator." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17533.
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The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is attracted attention as one of the promising renewable energy. OTEC uses small temperature difference between surface and deep sea water. Plate-type heat exchangers, or evaporators, are usually used for OTEC to obtain vapor for electric generator. Ammonia is used for OTEC as a working fluid. It is important to improve thermal performance of an evaporator for the OTEC. Channel dimension is one of the important factors to improve heat transfer performance of an evaporator. In this study, the measurement and comparison of local heat transfer coefficient for three channels are experimentally performed. The experiments are conducted for a range of mass flux (5 and 7.5 kg/m2s), heat flux (10 to 25 kW/m2), and pressure (0.7 and 0.9 MPa). The results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases as decreases channel height. The modified emprical correlation for a plate-type evaporator is proposed.
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Halkyard, John, Rizwan Sheikh, Thiago Marinho, Shan Shi, and Matthew Ascari. "Current Developments in the Validation of Numerical Methods for Predicting the Responses of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) System Cold Water Pipe." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24636.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) was a subject of intense research in the late 1970s and early 1980s in response to a historical jump in oil prices from the 1973 oil embargo. The principal author for this paper first met Prof. Paulling as a participant in a National Research Council (NRC) Panel to review OTEC Technology around 1982. Prof. Pauling had authored a frequency domain program to analyze the coupled response of a platform and OTEC pipe. The author was involved in model tests to validate the program. The United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DoE) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had sponsored this work, along with the development of other numerical methods. Shortly after the NRC completed its review, oil prices fell and interest in renewable energy, including OTEC, evaporated. Fast forward to the 2000s, the price of oil skyrocketed again, and OTEC research saw a rebirth. Lockheed Martin and others have been working on new OTEC designs over the course of the last several years. As was the case thirty-five years ago, the cold water pipe remains a key technical challenge. A commercial scale OTEC plant requires a pipe diameter of about 10-meter (m) and a length of 1,000m to pump about half the average discharge of the Colorado River from the deep ocean to the surface and through heat exchangers. Because of the large effective mass of the CWP and entrained water, the dynamic response of the OTEC CWP and the platform can only be considered as a coupled system. This conclusion is not new, but is worth repeating and doubly important to consider when the supporting platform is a semi-submersible as opposed to a large water plane ship shaped vessel. A new generation of software is available to analyze the cold water pipe-platform responses, including the important effect of the fluid flow inside the pipe and the local effects at the connection of the pipe to the platform. The DoE and Lockheed Martin recently sponsored a 1:50 scale wave basin model test of a commercial OTEC platform with an elastically scaled model of a 10m pipe. The purpose of the test was to validate the use of current software for the large CWP diameters in the designs of a pilot or commercial systems in the near future. This paper will briefly review past work on the OTEC cold-water pipe and present the current state of the art in numerical modeling and the results of the model tests recently completed. It will include recommendations for further experimental and numerical work to be prepared for the future design of OTEC systems.
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Hirao, Shunka C., Jun Umeda, Kentaroh Kokubun, and Toshifumi Fujiwara. "Tank Test and Numerical Simulation of Spar Type Floating OTEC." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62107.
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Abstract National Maritime Research Institute, NMRI, had been studying the analytical method on safety assessments of floating power generation facilities for ten years more. As a part of these studies, an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) was also studied in our institute. The OTEC normally has a very long and thick Cold-Water Pipe (CWP) with an unanchored end to pump up a large amount of cold-water continuously. From the viewpoints of the safety assessments of the OTEC operation, it is noteworthy to confirm the effect of the existing long pipe against a floating unit/body and an effect of internal flowing water. It is necessary, moreover, to consider the Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) effect for floater motions and structural analysis of the pipe itself and a connecting point of the floating structure. In this paper, the results of model tests and numerical simulations of a spar type floating OTEC with a single CWP in waves and currents are presented. The CWP model was made of material fitting the scaling law for a planned full scale OTEC. The specific and unique phenomena of the floating OTEC were confirmed from the model test results. Based on the results of the tank tests and the numerical simulations, we confirmed the necessary items and arrangements for safety evaluations. In detail, the internal flow increased the bending moment at the connection point.
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Shi, Shan, John Halkyard, Nishu Kurup, and Lei Jiang. "Coupled Analysis Approach in OTEC System Design." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83978.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technologies based on floating platforms generate electrical energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the deep ocean water and the surface water. One typical offshore floating OTEC system uses the temperature difference to drive a heat engine, utilizing a closed-loop Rankine cycle with a working fluid such as ammonia (NH3). Cold water is pumped through a large flexible pipe from approximately 1000m depth to heat exchangers which condense the ammonia vapor. Warm water from the surface is pumped through heat exchangers to evaporate the liquid ammonia to drive the turbine. An OTEC floating platform could be a semisubmersible, a spar, or other typical offshore hull form with a taut or a catenary mooring system. As opposed to oil and gas production platforms, the OTEC system consists of a large diameter cold water pipe (CWP) which will participate in the global performance of the floating platform. Its unique behavior also includes the contribution of CWP entrained water which behaves differently in lateral and vertical directions due to its open bottom design. The hydrodynamic behavior of the large scale cold water pipe is an important consideration in the system design and analysis. The study presented in this work includes the application of a fully coupled analysis program with an accurate cold water pipe dynamic model in OTEC floating system analysis. The study could be useful for future guidance and reference on OTEC floating platform designs.
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Xiang, Sherry, Peimin Cao, Richard Erwin, and Steve Kibbee. "OTEC Cold Water Pipe Global Dynamic Design for Ship-Shaped Vessels." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10927.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology has been considered as a renewable power generation for the tropical oceans where a thermal gradient from subsea to surface are higher than 20°C since 1980. In 2009, the OTEC technical readiness report has identified that semi-submersible, ship-shaped vessel and spar are most feasible to OTEC application. All three are technically mature and well-established floating facilities and have been widely manufactured and operated in offshore industry all over the world. A pilot OTEC development, led by Lockheed Martin (LM) Industry Team, has configured a semi-submersible floating platform. As an alternative design, SBM is developing OTEC designs based on converted ships. Ship shapes provide good access to facilities for practical operation and maintenance activities. Our study focused on demonstrating the feasibility of constructing and installing a 4 meter outer diameter Cold Water Pipe (CWP) based on conventional land-based manufacture of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP) followed by installation with SBM marine equipment. Based on insights gained from this exercise, we will continue to develop the installation methods for larger diameter CWPs. The CWP is a key design challenge for OTEC since it must be strong enough to withstand the forces and motions while being light enough to be installed with available marine equipment. This paper focuses on the cold water pipe global dynamic performance hosted by a converted ship for a 10MW OTEC plantship offshore Hawaii. The offshore Hawaii location was selected for purposes of comparison rather than the existence of any specific prospective projects. The CWP is connected to the vessel via a sealed gimbal device that allows the CWP’s angular motions to be decoupled from the vessel. The fundamental understanding of CWP vibrations is discussed. The CWP global dynamic responses to extreme storms and operational fatigue environments are presented. Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) and other design issues are discussed. The key global design considerations of CWP for the ship-shaped vessel are identified and summarized.
Reports on the topic "Otac"
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Tovar Díaz, Carlos. Medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias y obstáculos técnicos al comercio: Informe sobre Honduras y Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010166.
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El presente informe analiza las barreras técnicas al comercio (BTC) que afectan al comercio de productos agropecuarios en Honduras y Nicaragua. En particular, estudia los aspectos relacionados a las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias (MSF) debido a la incidencia directa que ellas tienen en el comercio agropecuario y, en forma complementaria, los aspectos relacionados a los reglamentos y normas técnicas (regulados a través de los acuerdos sobre obstáculos técnicos al comercio --OTC--), los cuales, a diferencia de las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, tienen incidencia en todo tipo de productos. El informe hace un diagnóstico de los sistemas MSF y OTC, en cada uno de los países, destaca sus deficiencias y progresos, y provee recomendaciones para mejorar dichos sistemas.
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Oney, Stephen K., Timothy Hogan, and John Steinbeck. The Potential Impacts of OTEC Intakes on Aquatic Organisms at an OTEC Site under Development on Kauai, HI. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1092416.
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Atkeson, Andrew, Andrea Eisfeldt, and Pierre-Olivier Weill. The Market for OTC Derivatives. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18912.
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Weill, Pierre-Olivier. The search theory of OTC markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27354.
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Bharathan, D. Staging Rankine Cycles Using Ammonia for OTEC Power Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010862.
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Varley, Robert, John Halkyard, Peter Johnson, Shan Shi, and Thiago Marinho. OTEC Cold Water Pipe-Platform Subsystem Dynamic Interaction Validation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326856.
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Miller, Alan, and Matthew Ascari. OTEC Advanced Composite Cold Water Pipe: Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024183.
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Atkeson, Andrew, Andrea Eisfeldt, and Pierre-Olivier Weill. Entry and Exit in OTC Derivatives Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20416.
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Lester, Benjamin, Guillaume Rocheteau, and Pierre-Olivier Weill. Competing for Order Flow in OTC Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20608.
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Wu, Ming C. Optical Transformers with Integrated Couplers (OTIC) for Ultrahigh SERS Enhancement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573227.
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