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Journal articles on the topic 'Osteoinductive capacity'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Phillips, G. O., S. Al-Assaf, P. A. Williams, A. du Plessis, and C. J. Yim. "Radiation demineralised bone enhanced osteoinductive capacity after transplantation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 265, no. 1 (December 2007): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.09.011.

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2

Ding, Zhaozhao, Guozhong Lu, Weinan Cheng, Gang Xu, Baoqi Zuo, Qiang Lu, and David L. Kaplan. "Tough Anisotropic Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels with Osteoinductive Capacity." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 6, no. 4 (March 18, 2020): 2357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00143.

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3

Delloye, Christian, Alain Hebrant, Everard Munting, Louis Piret, and Leopold Coutelier. "The osteoinductive capacity of differently HCI-decalcified bone alloimplants." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56, no. 4 (January 1985): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453678508993024.

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4

Kikionis, Stefanos, Efstathia Ioannou, Eleni Aggelidou, Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka, Efterpi Demiri, Athina Bakopoulou, Spiros Zinelis, Aristeidis Kritis, and Vassilios Roussis. "The Marine Polysaccharide Ulvan Confers Potent Osteoinductive Capacity to PCL-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063086.

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Hybrid composites of synthetic and natural polymers represent materials of choice for bone tissue engineering. Ulvan, a biologically active marine sulfated polysaccharide, is attracting great interest in the development of novel biomedical scaffolds due to recent reports on its osteoinductive properties. Herein, a series of hybrid polycaprolactone scaffolds containing ulvan either alone or in blends with κ-carrageenan and chondroitin sulfate was prepared and characterized. The impact of the preparation methodology and the polysaccharide composition on their morphology, as well as on their mechanical, thermal, water uptake and porosity properties was determined, while their osteoinductive potential was investigated through the evaluation of cell adhesion, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of seeded human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The results verified the osteoinductive ability of ulvan, showing that its incorporation into the polycaprolactone matrix efficiently promoted cell attachment and viability, thus confirming its potential in the development of biomedical scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration applications.
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Chai, Yanjun, Dan Lin, Yifan Ma, Yuan Yuan, and Changsheng Liu. "RhBMP-2 loaded MBG/PEGylated poly(glycerol sebacate) composite scaffolds for rapid bone regeneration." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 24 (2017): 4633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00505a.

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6

Lindholm, T. Sam, and Tom C. Lindholm. "The Skull Defect Model in Measuring Osteoinductivity." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 02, no. 02 (June 1998): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957798000147.

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Research on regeneration and experimental or clinical repair of cranial defects commenced already one hundred years ago. Principally spontaneous regeneration, intramembraneous bone healing, starts from the edges, proceeding to the center of the defect. A skull defect exceeding some critical limitations lacks the capacity for spontaneous healing. This kind of situation is named a "critical size" defect. The skull defect model is eminently suitable for testing osteoconduction and induction following local implantation of biomaterials and growth factors. There are numerous reports especially on osteoinductive proteins, native and recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), showing satisfactory complete healing of critical size skull defects in a relatively short period of time, while untreated defects have not had the capacity for complete regeneration. This article is a review of skull defect healing in different animal species showing optimized osteoinductive regenerative capacity especially with the use of BMPs. The results, indeed, also have clinical implications.
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7

Pekkarinen, Tarmo, T. Sam Lindholm, Aulis Marttinen, Oili Hietala, and Pekka Jalovaara. "INFLUENCE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION ON NEW BONE FORMATION INDUCED BY BOVINE BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 04, no. 04 (December 2000): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021895770000032x.

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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have the capacity to induce and accelerate bone regeneration. Before experimental and clinical settings, BMP must be sterilized. Ethylene oxide (EO) gas sterilizations at different temperatures are commonly used but the effects of that on the osteoinductive capacity of BMP have been the subject of controversy. Here, we investigated the effects of three different EO sterilization methods on the osteoinductivity of partially purified native bovine BMP (bBMP). Gelatin capsules containing 3 mg of bBMP were sterilized as follows: (i) manually inside a dessicator with 12% EO spray (20°C, exposure time 2 h); (ii) with an EO gas sterilizer (Steri-Vac 4XL, temperature 29°C, exposure time 4 h 10 min, ethylene oxide concentration 860 mg/l); (iii) with an EO gas sterilizer (Steri-Vac 5XL, temperature 42°C, exposure time 3 h, ethylene oxide concentration 700 mg/l). The sterilization processes were monitored with samples of Bacillus subtilis (3M, Attest 1264). Osteoinductivity of bBMP was verified by bioassay. After 21 days of implantation of bBMP into the muscle pouches of mice, the animals were killed and new bone formation was measured radiographically and histologically. The EO sterilization techniques used did not significantly decrease the osteoinductive activity of BMP. It is concluded that commercial EO gas equipment sterilization is effective for sterilized BMP and does not decrease the osteoinductive capacity of bovine BMP.
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8

Choi, Ji-Bong, Yu-Kyoung Kim, Seon-Mi Byeon, Jung-Eun Park, Tae-Sung Bae, Yong-Seok Jang, and Min-Ho Lee. "Characteristics of Biodegradable Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel Designed to Improve Osteoinduction and Effect of Additional Binding of Tannic Acid on Hydrogel." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152535.

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In this study, a hydrogel using single and double crosslinking was prepared using GelMA, a natural polymer, and the effect was evaluated when the double crosslinked hydrogel and tannic acid were treated. The resulting hydrogel was subjected to physicochemical property evaluation, biocompatibility evaluation, and animal testing. The free radicals generated through APS/TEMED have a scaffold form with a porous structure in the hydrogel, and have a more stable structure through photo crosslinking. The double crosslinked hydrogel had improved mechanical strength and better results in cell compatibility tests than the single crosslinked group. Moreover, in the hydrogel transplanted into the femur of a rat, the double crosslinked group showed an osteoinductive response due to the attachment of bone minerals after 4 and 8 weeks, but the single crosslinked group did not show an osteoinductive response due to rapid degradation. Treatment with a high concentration of tannic acid showed significantly improved mechanical strength through H-bonding. However, cell adhesion and proliferation were limited compared to the untreated group due to the limitation of water absorption capacity, and no osteoinduction reaction was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that the treatment of high-concentration tannic acid significantly improved mechanical strength, but it was not a suitable method for improving bone induction due to the limitation of water absorption.
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9

Xu, Ji, Yuan He, Yanan Sun, Xiuming Zhang, Yunfeng Yi, Wei Shi, and Dongtao Ge. "Micropatterned Polypyrrole/Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings Promoting Osteoinductive Activity by Electrical Stimulation." Coatings 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060849.

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Conductive polypyrrole (PPy) has excellent biocompatibility and structural stability. It is an ideal electroactive biomaterial that can apply exogenous electrical stimulation to promote osteoblast differentiation. However, PPy is a kind of bio-inert material, which does not have osteoinductive capacity. Therefore, we have introduced a kind of bioactive material, hydroxyapatite (HA), to construct PPy/HA composite to enhance bioactivity and osteoinduction. In addition, micron-topological morphology of scattered grid pattern has been designed and introduced to the PPy/HA coatings, which can further enhance the regulation ability of the coatings to the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vitro simulated body fluids (SBFs) immersion test results have demonstrated that the fabricated micropatterned PPy/HA composite coatings perform bioactivity well and can promote the mineral deposition of HA on the surface. Moreover, it can also benefit the proliferation and osteognetic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, when accompanied by external electrical stimulation (ES). In this study, we have successfully constructed electroactive and bioactive coatings, the method of which can potentially be applied to the surface functional modification of traditional bone repair metals.
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10

Forell, Elaine, Barbara Powers, J. Johnson, Mary Cooper, St J. Withrow, and R. C. Straw. "Evaluation of the Osteoinductive Capacity of Canine Demineralized Bone Matrix in Heterotopic Muscle Sites of Athymic Rats." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 06, no. 01 (1993): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633051.

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SummaryThe osteoinductive capacity of canine demineralized bone matrix (DBM), implanted in epaxial muscle sites of athymic rats, was evaluated using calcium content and histomorphometry at two, four and six weeks after implantation. Results of this study confirm that DBM, derived from canine sources, does possess significant osteoinductive ability since histological examination revealed the presence of new cartilage, bone, or both, at 21/24 implantation sites. The osteogenesis induced by canine DBM continued as an active, cumulative process throughout the six week investigation period. The mean percentage of total induced osteogenic components including new, live cartilage, woven bone, lamellar bone and bone marrow cellular elements, was significantly greater after six weeks than after two weeks of implantation (p <0.01). Comparison of histomorphometric point counts at two, four and six weeks of implantation supported the conclusion that bone for mation as induced by canine DBM, proceeds primarily via an endochondral ossification pathway. Although the amount of calcium deposited in tissues harvested from DBM implanted sites tended to increase as implantation time lengthened, there was not a statistically significant correlation between calcium content and the level of osteogenic activity seen histologically (r = 0.32, p = 0.13).The osteoinductive capacity of canine demineralized bone matrix (DBM), implanted in ep-axial muscle sites of athymic rats, was evaluated using calcium content and histomorphometry at two, four and six weeks after implantation. Results of this investigation confirm that DBM, derived from canine sources, does possess significant osteo-inductive ability and that bone formation proceeds primarily via a pathway of endochondral ossification.
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11

van Bree, H., and M. Tshamala. "Osteoinductive properties of the bone marrow Myth or reality." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632989.

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SummaryThe osteogenic potential of red bone marrow was first reported more than 100 years ago. Since then, studies have reported controversial results that do not confirm nor disprove the capacity of fresh red bone marrow to produce bone. Researches have been focused on techniques that improve the efficiency of the bone marrow, including: the increase of the concentration of the mesenchymal stem cells in the aspirated bone marrow, the combination with a ‘carrier’ that helps to maintain the mesenchymal stem cells and guides and supports the vascular ingrowth in the defect, or the combination with bone growth factors that stimulate the marrow stromal cells to differentiate into bone forming cells. Each of these techniques has its drawbacks and increases the expenses of an operation. On the other hand, the synergistic effect observed with these combinations does not resolve the problem of the osteogenic capacity of pure bone marrow, which still remains questionable.
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12

Pham, Quynh P., F. Kurtis Kasper, Amit S. Mistry, Upma Sharma, Alan W. Yasko, John A. Jansen, and Antonios G. Mikos. "Analysis of the osteoinductive capacity and angiogenicity of anin vitrogenerated extracellular matrix." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 88A, no. 2 (February 2009): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31875.

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13

Hosny, Mahmoud, Camille Arcidi, and Mohamed Sharawy. "Effects of preservation on the osteoinductive capacity of demineralized bone powder allografts." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 45, no. 12 (December 1987): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(87)90162-5.

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14

Yi, Bingcheng, Huilan Zhang, Zhepao Yu, Huihua Yuan, Xiangxin Lou, and Yanzhong Zhang. "Small molecule purmorphamine enhanced the osteoinductive capacity of electrospun HAp/SF fibers." Journal of Controlled Release 259 (August 2017): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.055.

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15

Shi, Feng, Xin Fang, Teng Zhou, Xu Huang, Ke Duan, Jianxin Wang, Shuxin Qu, Wei Zhi, and Jie Weng. "Macropore Regulation of Hydroxyapatite Osteoinduction via Microfluidic Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 11459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911459.

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Macroporous characteristics have been shown to play a key role in the osteoinductivity of hydroxyapatite ceramics, but the physics underlying the new bone formation and distribution in such scaffolds still remain elusive. The work here has emphasized the osteoinductive capacity of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing different macroporous sizes (200–400 μm, 1200–1500 μm) and geometries (star shape, spherical shape). The assumption is that both the size and shape of a macropore structure may affect the microfluidic pathways in the scaffolds, which results in the different bone formations and distribution. Herein, a mathematical model and an animal experiment were proposed to support this hypothesis. The results showed that the porous scaffolds with the spherical macropores and large pore sizes (1200–1500 μm) had higher new bone production and more uniform new bone distribution than others. A finite element analysis suggested that the macropore shape affected the distribution of the medium–high velocity flow field, while the macropore size effected microfluid speed and the value of the shear stress in the scaffolds. Additionally, the result of scaffolds implanted into the dorsal muscle having a higher new bone mass than the abdominal cavity suggested that the mechanical load of the host tissue could play a key role in the microfluidic pathway mechanism. All these findings suggested that the osteoinduction of these scaffolds depends on both the microfluid velocity and shear stress generated by the macropore size and shape. This study, therefore, provides new insights into the inherent osteoinductive mechanisms of bioceramics, and may offer clues toward a rational design of bioceramic scaffolds with improved osteoinductivity.
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16

Ferreira, Steven D., William S. Dernell, Barbara E. Powers, Rachel A. Schochet, Charles A. Kuntz, Stephen J. Withrow, and Ross M. Wilkins. "Effect of Gas-Plasma Sterilization on the Osteoinductive Capacity of Demineralized Bone Matrix." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 388 (July 2001): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200107000-00032.

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17

Song, In-Hwan, and James E. Dennis. "Simple evaluation method for osteoinductive capacity of cells or scaffolds using ceramic cubes." Tissue and Cell 46, no. 5 (October 2014): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2014.06.009.

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18

DECLERCQ, H., R. VERBEECK, L. DERIDDER, E. SCHACHT, and M. CORNELISSEN. "Calcification as an indicator of osteoinductive capacity of biomaterials in osteoblastic cell cultures." Biomaterials 26, no. 24 (August 2005): 4964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.025.

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19

Wähnert, Dirk, Johannes Greiner, Stefano Brianza, Christian Kaltschmidt, Thomas Vordemvenne, and Barbara Kaltschmidt. "Strategies to Improve Bone Healing: Innovative Surgical Implants Meet Nano-/Micro-Topography of Bone Scaffolds." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070746.

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Successful fracture healing is dependent on an optimal mechanical and biological environment at the fracture site. Disturbances in fracture healing (non-union) or even critical size bone defects, where void volume is larger than the self-healing capacity of bone tissue, are great challenges for orthopedic surgeons. To address these challenges, new surgical implant concepts have been recently developed to optimize mechanical conditions. First, this review article discusses the mechanical environment on bone and fracture healing. In this context, a new implant concept, variable fixation technology, is introduced. This implant has the unique ability to change its mechanical properties from “rigid” to “dynamic” over the time of fracture healing. This leads to increased callus formation, a more homogeneous callus distribution and thus improved fracture healing. Second, recent advances in the nano- and micro-topography of bone scaffolds for guiding osteoinduction will be reviewed, particularly emphasizing the mimicry of natural bone. We summarize that an optimal scaffold should comprise micropores of 50–150 µm diameter allowing vascularization and migration of stem cells as well as nanotopographical osteoinductive cues, preferably pores of 30 nm diameter. Next to osteoinduction, such nano- and micro-topographical cues may also reduce inflammation and possess an antibacterial activity to further promote bone regeneration.
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20

Noguchi, H., A. Watanabe, T. Funayama, T. Tsukanishi, Y. Wadano, and Masataka Sakane. "A Novel Unidirectional Porous Hydroxyapatite Cylinder Implanted in the Dorsal Muscles of Dogs Promotes Fibrous Tissue Vascularization and Invasion." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.275.

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We recently synthesized a novel unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) material with a microstructure consisting of cross-sectional oval pores (diameter, 100-300 μm) . The unidirectional pores of UDPHAp are expected to facilitate the ingrowth of new tissues at sites of implantation. Here, we estimated the osteoinductive capacity of UDPHAp following its implantation in the dorsal muscles of dogs, and also investigated the affinity of UDPHAp for muscle and connective tissues. As a reference material, the HAp porous ceramic product Apaceram® (HOYA, Tokyo, Japan), which is commercially available in Japan and has a different microstructure from UDPHAp, was also used. A cylinder-shaped UDPHAp block was implanted in the dorsal muscles of two beagle dogs. At 1 and 2 years post-implantation, muscle and connective tissues had directly attached to UDPHAp at the upper and lower perforated surfaces. Histological assessment, revealed the direct invasion of fibrous tissues and small capillaries into the unidirectional pores of UDPHAp. Notably, no osseous tissue had formed within UDPHAp. Our findings suggest that the unidirectional pores of UDPHAp are advantageous for the vascularization and invasion of fibrous tissues. However, this unique structure does not contribute to osteoinductive capacity.
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21

Lantigua, Darlin, Xinchen Wu, Sanika Suvarnapathaki, Michelle A. Nguyen, and Gulden Camci-Unal. "Composite Scaffolds from Gelatin and Bone Meal Powder for Tissue Engineering." Bioengineering 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110169.

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Bone tissue engineering offers versatile solutions to broaden clinical options for treating skeletal injuries. However, the variety of robust bone implants and substitutes remains largely uninvestigated. The advancements in hydrogel scaffolds composed of natural polymeric materials and osteoinductive microparticles have shown to be promising solutions in this field. In this study, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels containing bone meal powder (BP) particles were investigated for their osteoinductive capacity. As natural source of the bone mineral, we expect that BP improves the scaffold’s ability to induce mineralization. We characterized the physical properties of GelMA hydrogels containing various BP concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/mL). The in vitro cellular studies revealed enhanced mechanical performance and the potential to promote the differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells. The in vivo studies demonstrated both promising biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. Overall, the biological and physical properties of this biomaterial is tunable based on BP concentration in GelMA scaffolds. The findings of this study offer a new composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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22

Simu, Meda-Romana, Emoke Pall, Teodora Radu, Maria Miclaus, Bogdan Culic, Anca-Stefania Mesaros, Alexandrina Muntean, and Gabriela Adriana Filip. "Development of a novel biomaterial with an important osteoinductive capacity for hard tissue engineering." Tissue and Cell 52 (June 2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2018.04.004.

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23

Zhang, Qi, Olivier Cornu, and Christian Delloye. "Ethylene oxide does not extinguish the osteoinductive capacity of demineralized bone: A reappraisal in rats." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 68, no. 2 (January 1997): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679709003989.

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24

Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza, Mousa Kehtari, Amir Mellati, Reyhaneh Nassiri Mansour, Mehrad Mahdavi, Mahan Mahdavi, and Seyed Ehsan Enderami. "Improved biological behaviours and osteoinductive capacity of the gelatin nanofibers while composites with GO / MgO." Cell Biochemistry and Function 40, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3688.

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25

Erndt-Marino, Joshua D., Dany J. Munoz-Pinto, Satyavrata Samavedi, Andrea C. Jimenez-Vergara, Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez, Lindsay Woodard, Dawei Zhang, Melissa A. Grunlan, and Mariah S. Hahn. "Evaluation of the Osteoinductive Capacity of Polydopamine-Coated Poly(ε-caprolactone) Diacrylate Shape Memory Foams." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 1, no. 12 (November 12, 2015): 1220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00445.

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26

Moraes, Paola Castro de, Isabela Cristina de Souza Marques, Fernanda Gonçalves Basso, Hebert Luis Rossetto, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa, and Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia. "Repair of Bone Defects with Chitosan-Collagen Biomembrane and Scaffold Containing Calcium Aluminate Cement." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 3 (June 2017): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601454.

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Abstract Innovative biomaterials can provide a promising new direction for the treatment of bone defects, stimulating a proper repair process, with no damage to adjacent tissues. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and the osteoinductive capacity of chitosan-collagen biomembrane and scaffold containing calcium aluminate cement. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were distributed according to the experimental times of analysis (7, 15 and 30 days). Four bone defects were created in the rabbits calvaria, which were individually filled with the biomembrane, scaffold, blood clot (negative control) and autologous bone (positive control). Histopathological analysis was performed using optical microscope at 32´, 64´, 125´ and 320´ magnifications. Cell response to inflammation and new bone tissue formation was quantified using a score system. The biomembrane group presented greater inflammatory response at 15 days, with significant difference to autologous bone group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for foreign body type reaction among groups (p>0.05). Concerning new bone formation, linear closure of the defect area was observed more evidently in the group with autologous bone. The scaffold group presented similar results compared with the autologous bone group at 30 days (p>0.05). Both tested biomaterials presented similar biocompatibility compared with the control groups. In addition, the biomembrane and scaffold presented similar osteoinductive capacity, stimulating bone repair process in the course of the experimental time intervals.
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Greggi, Chiara, Ida Cariati, Federica Onorato, Riccardo Iundusi, Manuel Scimeca, and Umberto Tarantino. "PTX3 Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation in Osteoporosis: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115944.

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Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a glycoprotein belonging to the humoral arm of innate immunity that participates in the body’s defence mechanisms against infectious diseases. It has recently been defined as a multifunctional protein, given its involvement in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Based on this evidence, the aim of our study was to investigate the possible role of PTX3 in both the osteoblastic differentiation and calcification process: to this end, primary osteoblast cultures from control and osteoporotic patients were incubated with human recombinant PTX3 (hrPTX3) for 72 h. Standard osteinduction treatment, consisting of β-glycerophosphate, dexamethasone and ascorbic acid, was used as control. Our results showed that treatment with hrPTX3, as well as with the osteogenic cocktail, induced cell differentiation towards the osteoblastic lineage. We also observed that the treatment not only promoted an increase in cell proliferation, but also the formation of calcification-like structures, especially in primary cultures from osteoporotic patients. In conclusion, the results reported here suggest the involvement of PTX3 in osteogenic differentiation, highlighting its osteoinductive capacity, like the standard osteoinduction treatment. Therefore, this study opens new and exciting perspectives about the possible role of PTX3 as biomarker and therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
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Calixto, Romeu Felipe Elias, Juliana Mazzonetto Teófilo, Luiz Guilherme Brentegani, and Teresa Lúcia Lamano-Carvalho. "Alveolar wound healing after implantation with a pool of commercially available bovine bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): a histometric study in rats." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2007): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000100007.

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The capacity of a commercially available pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to stimulate osteogenesis in the rat alveolar healing was investigated by histometric analysis. Male rats were anesthetized and had their upper incisor extracted. A pool of purified bovine BMPs adsorbed to microgranular resorbable hydroxyapatite was agglutinated with bovine collagen and saline before implantation into the alveolar socket. The implanted and control rats (n=30 per group) were sacrificed 1 to 9 weeks postoperatively, the hemi-maxillae were decalcified, processed for paraffin embedding and semi-serial longitudinal sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The volume fraction of alveolar healing components was estimated by a differential point-counting method in histologic images. The results showed that in both, control and implanted rats, the alveolar healing followed the histologic pattern usually described in the literature. Quantitative data confirmed that the BMPs mixture did not stimulate new bone formation in the alveolar socket of implanted rats. These results suggest that the pool of BMPs adsorbed to hydroxyapatite and agglutinated with bovine collagen did not warrant incorporation of the osteoinductive proteins to a slow-absorption system that would allow a BMPs release rate compatible to that of new bone formation, and thus more adequate to osteoinduction.
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29

Sordi, Mariane B., Raissa B. Curtarelli, Iara F. Mantovani, Anderson C. Moreira, Celso P. Fernandes, Ariadne C. C. Cruz, and Ricardo S. Magini. "Enhanced osteoinductive capacity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and biphasic ceramic scaffolds by embedding simvastatin." Clinical Oral Investigations 26, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 2693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04240-9.

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30

Liu, Xujie, Jiongpeng Yuan, Jian Zhang, Rahul Madathiparambil Visalakshan, Wenxia Wang, Yongxiao Xiang, Yan He, Qingling Feng, and Krasimir Vasilev. "The introduction of nanotopography suppresses bacterial adhesion and enhances osteoinductive capacity of plasma deposited polyoxazoline surface." Materials Letters 309 (February 2022): 131452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131452.

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31

Smith, Christopher A., Tim N. Board, Paul Rooney, Mark J. Eagle, Stephen M. Richardson, and Judith A. Hoyland. "Human decellularized bone scaffolds from aged donors show improved osteoinductive capacity compared to young donor bone." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2017): e0177416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177416.

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32

Malysheva, Khrystyna, Konrad Kwaśniak, Iaroslav Gnilitskyi, Adriana Barylyak, Viktor Zinchenko, Amir Fahmi, Olexandr Korchynskyi, and Yaroslav Bobitski. "Functionalization of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Osteoplastic Scaffolds with Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility Comparison of Human Versus Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061333.

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A capability for effective tissue reparation is a living requirement for all multicellular organisms. Bone exits as a precisely orchestrated balance of bioactivities of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The main feature of osteoblasts is their capability to produce massive extracellular matrix enriched with calcium phosphate minerals. Hydroxyapatite and its composites represent the most common form of bone mineral providing mechanical strength and significant osteoinductive properties. Herein, hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite functionalized composite scaffolds based on electrospun polycaprolactone have been successfully fabricated. Physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of generated matrices have been validated. Both the hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite containing polycaprolactone composite scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility towards mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the presence of both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite nanoparticles increased scaffolds’ wettability. Furthermore, incorporation of fluorapatite nanoparticles enhanced the ability of the composite scaffolds to interact and support the mesenchymal stem cells attachment to their surfaces as compared to hydroxyapatite enriched composite scaffolds. The study of osteoinductive properties showed the capacity of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite containing composite scaffolds to potentiate the stimulation of early stages of mesenchymal stem cells’ osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, polycaprolactone based composite scaffolds functionalized with fluorapatite nanoparticles generates a promising platform for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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33

Smith, Christopher A., Tim N. Board, Paul Rooney, Mark J. Eagle, Stephen M. Richardson, and Judith A. Hoyland. "Correction: Human decellularized bone scaffolds from aged donors show improved osteoinductive capacity compared to young donor bone." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2017): e0187783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187783.

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34

Shen, Min, Huihui Yu, Yunfeng Jin, Jiahang Mo, Jingni Sui, Xiaohan Qian, and Tong Chen. "Metformin Facilitates Osteoblastic Differentiation and M2 Macrophage Polarization by PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9498876.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. This cellular flexibility contributes to widespread clinical use of MSCs in tissue repair and regeneration. The immune system is a key player in regulating bone remodeling. In recent years, the association between the immune system and bone metabolism has become an increasing focus of interest. Metformin, a glucose-lowering drug, exerts powerful impact on metabolic signaling. However, whether metformin can modulate bone metabolism or whether metformin can influence immune milieu by regulation of macrophages has not been thoroughly elucidated. Herein, we specifically explored the complex interactions between macrophages and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in the context of metformin. Our research demonstrated that metformin not only stimulated osteogenesis of UC-MSCs but also influenced the immune system via promoting M2 but reducing M1 macrophages. Mechanically, we found that metformin-treated M2 macrophages possessed more potent osteoinductive capacity in our coculture system. Molecularly, these metformin-stimulated M2 macrophages facilitated osteogenesis via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. As demonstrated by using PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002, we found that the pathway inhibitor partly reversed osteoinductive activity which was activated by coculture of metformin-treated M2 macrophages. Overall, our novel research illuminated the cooperative and synergistic effects of metformin and M2 macrophages on the dynamic balance of bone metabolism.
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35

Sommerfeld, D., J. M. Rueger, and A. Pannike. "Dependency of bone Gelatine's osteoinductive and osteostimulative capacity on normal serum concentrations of ca-, p-, calcitonin (CT) and PTH." Bone and Mineral 17 (April 1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-6009(92)92157-l.

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36

Abdel Nasser Atia, Gamal, Hany K. Shalaby, Mehrukh Zehravi, Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, Zubair Ahmad, Farhat S. Khan, Abhijit Dey, et al. "Locally Applied Repositioned Hormones for Oral Bone and Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142964.

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Bone and periodontium are tissues that have a unique capacity to repair from harm. However, replacing or regrowing missing tissues is not always effective, and it becomes more difficult as the defect grows larger. Because of aging and the increased prevalence of debilitating disorders such as diabetes, there is a considerable increase in demand for orthopedic and periodontal surgical operations, and successful techniques for tissue regeneration are still required. Even with significant limitations, such as quantity and the need for a donor area, autogenous bone grafts remain the best solution. Topical administration methods integrate osteoconductive biomaterial and osteoinductive chemicals as hormones as alternative options. This is a promising method for removing the need for autogenous bone transplantation. Furthermore, despite enormous investigation, there is currently no single approach that can reproduce all the physiologic activities of autogenous bone transplants. The localized bioengineering technique uses biomaterials to administer different hormones to capitalize on the host’s regeneration capacity and capability, as well as resemble intrinsic therapy. The current study adds to the comprehension of the principle of hormone redirection and its local administration in both bone and periodontal tissue engineering.
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37

Yano, Koichi, Masatoshi Hoshino, Yoichi Ohta, Tomoya Manaka, Yoshifumi Naka, Yuuki Imai, Walter Sebald, and Kunio Takaoka. "Osteoinductive capacity and heat stability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 produced by Escherichia coli and dimerized by biochemical processing." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 27, no. 3 (February 21, 2009): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0040-3.

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38

Yano, K., M. Hoshino, Y. Ohta, Y. Naka, Y. Imai, and K. Takaoka. "Osteoinductive capacity and heat stability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 produced by Escherichia coli and dimerized by biochemical processing." Bone 44 (May 2009): S64—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.036.

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39

Das, Sourav Kumar, and Qiang Zhang. "An exploration on human compatible artificial bone placement through cell culture." Mediscope 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v8i1.52199.

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The artificial bone replacement material showed significantly higher retention forces than actual bone samples. Trauma, cancer, ageing and genetic diseases, and tissue reconstruction causes bone defects and bone lesions. Providing mechanical and functional integrity is an important step for the bone regeneration. Using autogenic or allogeneic bone grafts conventionally accelerates bone regeneration with minimal autograft and allograft capital. While autogenous graft is considered the golden standard in restoring bone defects, the harvest may impact patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the ability of a newly developed, high porosity unidirectional porous b-TCP artificial bone to induce regeneration of bones. The capacity of a commercially available b-TCP drug to cause bone regeneration was contrasted.Implantation in bony defects left after fibula harvesting for spinal fusion surgery as well. Innovative biomaterials with osteoinductive potential have emerged as candidates for bone repair since the discovery of osteoinduction in the early 20th century. Recently, models of artificial protocell have shown great potential for tissue regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystallites of all forms of bones are characterized by their ultrathine properties, which are uniaxially aligned with fibrillar collagen to reveal the (100) faces in a special way. We speculate that living organisms prefer the specific crystal morphology and HAP's orientation due to interactions at the mineral-cell interface between cells and crystals. To investigate the ultrathine mineral modulating effect on cell bioactivity and bone generation, bone-like platy HAP (p-HAP) and two different rod-like HAPs have been synthesized here. The platy HAP with (100) faces significantly promoted cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) as compared to rod-like HAPs with (001) faces as the dominant crystal orientation, indicating that MSCs could recognize the crystal face and prefer the (100) HAP faces. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 7-18
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40

Brun, Paola, Annj Zamuner, Leonardo Cassari, Gabriella D’Auria, Lucia Falcigno, Stefano Franchi, Giorgio Contini, et al. "Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112784.

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Worldwide, over 20 million patients suffer from bone disorders annually. Bone scaffolds are designed to integrate into host tissue without causing adverse reactions. Recently, chitosan, an easily available natural polymer, has been considered a suitable scaffold for bone tissue growth as it is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material with antimicrobial activity and osteoinductive capacity. In this work, chitosan was covalently and selectively biofunctionalized with two suitably designed bioactive synthetic peptides: a Vitronectin sequence (HVP) and a BMP-2 peptide (GBMP1a). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) investigations highlighted the presence of the peptides grafted to chitosan (named Chit-HVP and Chit-GBMP1a). Chit-HVP and Chit-GBMP1a porous scaffolds promoted human osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation, calcium deposition, and gene expression of three crucial osteoblast proteins. In particular, Chit-HVP highly promoted adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, while Chit-GBMP1a guided cell differentiation towards osteoblastic phenotype.
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41

Tamaddon, Maryam, Sorousheh Samizadeh, Ling Wang, Gordon Blunn, and Chaozong Liu. "Intrinsic Osteoinductivity of Porous Titanium Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Biomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5093063.

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Large bone defects and nonunions are serious complications that are caused by extensive trauma or tumour. As traditional therapies fail to repair these critical-sized defects, tissue engineering scaffolds can be used to regenerate the damaged tissue. Highly porous titanium scaffolds, produced by selective laser sintering with mechanical properties in range of trabecular bone (compressive strength 35 MPa and modulus 73 MPa), can be used in these orthopaedic applications, if a stable mechanical fixation is provided. Hydroxyapatite coatings are generally considered essential and/or beneficial for bone formation; however, debonding of the coatings is one of the main concerns. We hypothesised that the titanium scaffolds have an intrinsic potential to induce bone formation without the need for a hydroxyapatite coating. In this paper, titanium scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite using electrochemical method were fabricated and osteoinductivity of coated and noncoated scaffolds was compared in vitro. Alizarin Red quantification confirmed osteogenesis independent of coating. Bone formation and ingrowth into the titanium scaffolds were evaluated in sheep stifle joints. The examinations after 3 months revealed 70% bone ingrowth into the scaffold confirming its osteoinductive capacity. It is shown that the developed titanium scaffold has an intrinsic capacity for bone formation and is a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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42

Li, Hanluo, Hafiz Awais Nawaz, Federica Francesca Masieri, Sarah Vogel, Ute Hempel, Alexander K. Bartella, Rüdiger Zimmerer, et al. "Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow and Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath in a 3D Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogel." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105404.

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Bone transplantation is regarded as the preferred therapy to treat a variety of bone defects. Autologous bone tissue is often lacking at the source, and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) responsible for bone repair mechanisms are extracted by invasive procedures. This study explores the potential of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from the hair follicle outer root sheath (MSCORS). We demonstrated that MSCORS have a remarkable capacity to differentiate in vitro towards the osteogenic lineage. Indeed, when combined with a novel gelatin-based hydrogel called Osteogel, they provided additional osteoinductive cues in vitro that may pave the way for future application in bone regeneration. MSCORS were also compared to MSCs from adipose tissue (ADMSC) and bone marrow (BMMSC) in a 3D Osteogel model. We analyzed gel plasticity, cell phenotype, cell viability, and differentiation capacity towards the osteogenic lineage by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and specific gene expression. The novel injectable hydrogel filled an irregularly shaped lesion in a porcine wound model displaying high plasticity. MSCORS in Osteogel showed a higher osteo-commitment in terms of calcium deposition and expression dynamics of OCN, BMP2, and PPARG when compared to ADMSC and BMMSC, whilst displaying comparable cell viability and ALP activity. In conclusion, autologous MSCORS combined with our novel gelatin-based hydrogel displayed a high capacity for differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage and are acquired by non-invasive procedures, therefore qualifying as a suitable and expandable novel approach in the field of bone regeneration therapy.
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43

Bari, Elia, Fulvio Tartara, Fabio Cofano, Giuseppe di Perna, Diego Garbossa, Sara Perteghella, Marzio Sorlini, et al. "Freeze-Dried Secretome (Lyosecretome) from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Promotes the Osteoinductive and Osteoconductive Properties of Titanium Cages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168445.

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Titanium is one of the most frequently used materials in bone regeneration due to its good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and great osteogenic performance. However, osseointegration with host tissue is often not definite, which may cause implant failure at times. The present study investigates the capacity of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome, formulated as a ready-to-use and freeze-dried medicinal product (the Lyosecretome), to promote the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of titanium cages. In vitro tests were conducted using adipose tissue-derived MSCs seeded on titanium cages with or without Lyosecretome. After 14 days, in the presence of Lyosecretome, significant cell proliferation improvement was observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the cytocompatibility of titanium cages: the seeded MSCs showed a spread morphology and an initial formation of filopodia. After 7 days, in the presence of Lyosecretome, more frequent and complex cellular processes forming bridges across the porous surface of the scaffold were revealed. Also, after 14 and 28 days of culturing in osteogenic medium, the amount of mineralized matrix detected by alizarin red was significantly higher when Lyosecretome was used. Finally, improved osteogenesis with Lyosecretome was confirmed by confocal analysis after 28 and 56 days of treatment, and demonstrating the production by osteoblast-differentiated MSCs of osteocalcin, a specific bone matrix protein.
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44

Cui, Yan Chao, Yu Sheng Qiu, Qiong Wu, Gang Bu, Seoh Wei Teh, Guo Zhong He, Pooi Ling Mok, et al. "Hypoxic-Mediated Oxidative Stress Condition and Hydroxyapatite-Inducing Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Mathematical Modeling Study." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2939.

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Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bones remains a major clinical challenge. Fractures in the talus, the scaphoid, and the neck of the femur are especially challenging to heal due to the low blood vessel network and the lack of collateral blood supply. These fractures are associated with high rates of nonunion and increased infections that require repeated operations. Conventional treatments by autografting or allografting bone replacement and synthetic bone implants have limitations, including the invasiveness of operative procedures, tissue supply insufficiency, and the risk of host rejection. The advancement in tissue engineering has revealed the potential of stem cells as restorative agents for bone injuries. The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the talus, the scaphoid, and the neck of the femur could produce enhanced osteogenesis via the manipulation of MSC culture conditions. In this study, we used hydroxyapatite as the nanomaterial, and hypoxic milieu to enhance MSC differentiation capacity into the osteogenic lineage, allowing for more rapid and efficient bone cell replacement treatment. Our results demonstrate 1% oxygen and 12.5 μg/mL of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as the optimal conditions to incorporate the osteogenic medium for the osteogenic induction of MSCs. We also established a proof of concept that the addition of HAP and hypoxic conditions could augment the osteoinductive capacity of MSCs. We also developed an accurate mathematical model to support future bone cell replacement therapy.
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45

Sánchez-Labrador, Luis, María Martín-Ares, Ricardo Ortega-Aranegui, Juan López-Quiles, and José María Martínez-González. "Autogenous Dentin Graft in Bone Defects after Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143090.

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Various biomaterials are currently used for bone regeneration, with autogenous bone being considered the gold standard material because of its osteogenic, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive properties. In recent years, the use of autogenous dentin as a graft material has been described. This split-mouth clinical trial assesses the efficacy of autogenous dentin for the regeneration of periodontal defects caused by bone loss associated with impacted lower third molar extraction. Fifteen patients underwent bilateral extraction surgery (30 third molars) using dentin as a graft material on the test side, and leaving the control side to heal spontaneously, comparing the evolution of the defects by evaluating probing depth at three and six months post-operatively. Bone density and alveolar bone crest maintenance were also evaluated six months after surgery, and pain, inflammation, mouth opening capacity on the second and seventh days after surgery. Probing depth, radiographic bone density, and alveolar bone crest maintenance showed significant differences between the test and control sides. Autogenous dentin was found to be an effective biomaterial for bone regeneration after impacted lower third molar extraction.
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46

Prymak, Oleg, Lida E. Vagiaki, Ales Buyakov, Sergei Kulkov, Matthias Epple, and Maria Chatzinikolaidou. "Porous Zirconia/Magnesia Ceramics Support Osteogenic Potential In Vitro." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14041049.

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Porous zirconia (ZrO2), magnesia (MgO) and zirconia/magnesia (ZrO2/MgO) ceramics were synthesised by sintering and designated as ZrO2(100), ZrO2(75)MgO(25), ZrO2(50)MgO(50), ZrO2(25)MgO(75), MgO(100) based on their composition. The ceramic samples were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry to explore the incorporation of Mg atoms into the zirconia lattice. The resulting porosity of the samples was calculated based on the composition and density. The final porosity of the cylinder-shaped ceramic samples ranged between 30 and 37%. The mechanical analysis exhibited that the Young modulus increased and the microstress decreased with increasing magnesia amount, with values ranging from 175 GPa for zirconia to 301 GPa for magnesia. The adhesion, viability, proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells cultured on the zirconia/magnesia ceramics was found to increase, with the magnesia-containing ceramics exhibiting higher values of calcium mineralisation. The results from the mechanical analysis, the ALP activity, the calcium and collagen production demonstrate that the zirconia/magnesia ceramics possess robust osteoinductive capacity, therefore holding great potential for bone tissue engineering.
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47

Stuckensen, Kai, José M. Lamo-Espinosa, Emma Muiños-López, Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin, Tania López-Martínez, Elena Iglesias, Gloria Abizanda, et al. "Anisotropic Cryostructured Collagen Scaffolds for Efficient Delivery of RhBMP–2 and Enhanced Bone Regeneration." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193105.

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In the treatment of bone non-unions, an alternative to bone autografts is the use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), e.g., BMP–2, BMP–7, with powerful osteoinductive and osteogenic properties. In clinical settings, these osteogenic factors are applied using absorbable collagen sponges for local controlled delivery. Major side effects of this strategy are derived from the supraphysiological doses of BMPs needed, which may induce ectopic bone formation, chronic inflammation, and excessive bone resorption. In order to increase the efficiency of the delivered BMPs, we designed cryostructured collagen scaffolds functionalized with hydroxyapatite, mimicking the structure of cortical bone (aligned porosity, anisotropic) or trabecular bone (random distributed porosity, isotropic). We hypothesize that an anisotropic structure would enhance the osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds by increasing the regenerative performance of the provided rhBMP–2. In vitro, both scaffolds presented similar mechanical properties, rhBMP–2 retention and delivery capacity, as well as scaffold degradation time. In vivo, anisotropic scaffolds demonstrated better bone regeneration capabilities in a rat femoral critical-size defect model by increasing the defect bridging. In conclusion, anisotropic cryostructured collagen scaffolds improve bone regeneration by increasing the efficiency of rhBMP–2 mediated bone healing.
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48

Peña, Gonzalo de la, Lorena Gallego, Luis M. Redondo, Luis Junquera, Javier F. Doval, and Álvaro Meana. "Comparative analysis of plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane in critical mandibular bone defects: An experimental study on rats." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 36, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328221999824.

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Repair of bone deficiencies in the craniofacial skeleton remains a challenging clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane implanted into experimental mandibular defects. Bilateral mandibular defects were created in twelve immunodeficient rats. The bone defect was filled with serum scaffold alone in left sides and scaffold combined with human alveolar osteoblast in right side defects. Implanted areas were closed directly in Group 1 ( n = 6) and covered by a resorbable polyglycolic-polylactic acid membrane in Group 2 ( n = 6). Bone regeneration was determined at 12 weeks as measured by and exhaustive multiplanar computed tomography analysis and histological examination. No significant differences in bone density were observed between defects transplanted with scaffold alone or scaffold seeded with osteoblasts. The use of membrane did not result in a determining factor in the grade of bone regeneration between Groups 1 and 2. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the albumin scaffold alone has osteoinductive capacity but presence of seeded ostogenic cells accelerates defect repair without being significantly influenced by covering the defect with a resorbable membrane.
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Izumiya, Makoto, Miyu Haniu, Katsuya Ueda, Haruka Ishida, Chuang Ma, Hirokazu Ideta, Atsushi Sobajima, et al. "Evaluation of MC3T3-E1 Cell Osteogenesis in Different Cell Culture Media." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147752.

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Many biomaterials have been evaluated using cultured cells. In particular, osteoblast-like cells are often used to evaluate the osteocompatibility, hard-tissue-regeneration, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive characteristics of biomaterials. However, the evaluation of biomaterial osteogenesis-inducing capacity using osteoblast-like cells is not standardized; instead, it is performed under laboratory-specific culture conditions with different culture media. However, the effect of different media conditions on bone formation has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells, one of the most commonly used osteoblast-like cell lines for osteogenesis evaluation, and assayed cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteoblast markers, and calcification under varying culture media conditions. Furthermore, the various media conditions were tested in uncoated plates and plates coated with collagen type I and poly-L-lysine, highly biocompatible molecules commonly used as pseudobiomaterials. We found that the type of base medium, the presence or absence of vitamin C, and the freshness of the medium may affect biomaterial regeneration. We posit that an in vitro model that recapitulates in vivo bone formation should be established before evaluating biomaterials.
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Sukpaita, Teerawat, Suwabun Chirachanchai, Pornchanok Suwattanachai, Vincent Everts, Atiphan Pimkhaokham, and Ruchanee Salingcarnboriboon Ampornaramveth. "In Vivo Bone Regeneration Induced by a Scaffold of Chitosan/Dicarboxylic Acid Seeded with Human Periodontal Ligament Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 4883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194883.

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Chitosan/dicarboxylic acid (CS/DA) scaffold has been developed as a bone tissue engineering material. This study evaluated a CS/DA scaffold with and without seeded primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in its capacity to regenerate bone in calvarial defects of mice. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was analyzed by bone nodule formation and gene expression. In vivo bone regeneration was analyzed in mice calvarial defects. Eighteen mice were divided into 3 groups: one group with empty defects, one group with defects with CS/DA scaffold, and a group with defects with CS/DA scaffold and with hPDLCs. After 6 and 12 weeks, new bone formation was assessed using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) and histology. CS/DA scaffold significantly promoted in vitro osteoblast-related gene expression (RUNX2, OSX, COL1, ALP, and OPN) by hPDLCs. Micro-CT revealed that CS/DA scaffolds significantly promoted in vivo bone regeneration both after 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed these findings. New bone formation was observed in defects with CS/DA scaffold; being similar with and without hPDLCs. CS/DA scaffolds can be used as a bone regenerative material with good osteoinductive/osteoconductive properties.
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