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Journal articles on the topic 'OsMADS4'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Kim, Eui-Jung, Woo-Jong Hong, Yu-Jin Kim, and Ki-Hong Jung. "Transcriptome Analysis of Triple Mutant for OsMADS62, OsMADS63, and OsMADS68 Reveals the Downstream Regulatory Mechanism for Pollen Germination in Rice (Oryza sativa)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010239.

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The MADS (MCM1-AGAMOUS-DEFFICIENS-SRF) gene family has a preserved domain called MADS-box that regulates downstream gene expression as a transcriptional factor. Reports have revealed three MADS genes in rice, OsMADS62, OsMADS63, and OsMADS68, which exhibits preferential expression in mature rice pollen grains. To better understand the transcriptional regulation of pollen germination and tube growth in rice, we generated the loss-of-function homozygous mutant of these three OsMADS genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9) system in wild-type backgrounds. Results showed that the triple knockout (KO) mutant showed a complete sterile phenotype without pollen germination. Next, to determine downstream candidate genes that are transcriptionally regulated by the three OsMADS genes during pollen development, we proceeded with RNA-seq analysis by sampling the mature anther of the mutant and wild-type. Two hundred and seventy-four upregulated and 658 downregulated genes with preferential expressions in the anthers were selected. Furthermore, downregulated genes possessed cell wall modification, clathrin coat assembly, and cellular cell wall organization features. We also selected downregulated genes predicted to be directly regulated by three OsMADS genes through the analyses for promoter sequences. Thus, this study provides a molecular background for understanding pollen germination and tube growth mediated by OsMADS62, OsMADS63, and OsMADS68 with mature pollen preferred expression.

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2

Prasad, Kalika, and Usha Vijayraghavan. "Double-Stranded RNA Interference of a Rice PI/GLO Paralog, OsMADS2, Uncovers Its Second-Whorl-Specific Function in Floral Organ Patterning." Genetics 165, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 2301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.4.2301.

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Abstract Unlike many eudicot species, grasses have duplicated PI/GLO-like genes. Functional analysis of one of the rice PI/GLO paralogs, OsMADS2, is reported here. Our data demonstrate its essential role in lodicule development and implicate the second PI/GLO paralog, OsMADS4, to suffice for stamen specification. We provide the first evidence for differential contributions of grass PI/GLO paralogs in patterning second- and third-whorl floral organs.

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3

Yin, Xiaoming, Xiong Liu, Buxian Xu, Piaoyin Lu, Tian Dong, Di Yang, Tiantian Ye, Yu-Qi Feng, and Yan Wu. "OsMADS18, a membrane-bound MADS-box transcription factor, modulates plant architecture and the abscisic acid response in rice." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 15 (April 29, 2019): 3895–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz198.

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Abstract The APETALA1 (AP1)/FRUITFULL (FUL)-like transcription factor OsMADS18 plays diverse functions in rice development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from fully understood. Here, we report that down-regulation of OsMADS18 expression in RNAi lines caused a delay in seed germination and young seedling growth, whereas the overexpression of OsMADS18 produced plants with fewer tillers. In targeted OsMADS18 genome-edited mutants (osmads18-cas9), an increased number of tillers, altered panicle size, and reduced seed setting were observed. The EYFP-OsMADS18 (full-length) protein was localized to the nucleus and plasma membrane but the EYFP-OsMADS18-N (N-terminus) protein mainly localized to the nucleus. The expression of OsMADS18 could be stimulated by abscisic acid (ABA), and ABA stimulation triggered the cleavage of HA-OsMADS18 and the translocation of OsMADS18 from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of ABA on seedling growth was less effective in the OsMADS18-overexpressing plants. The expression of a set of ABA-responsive genes was significantly reduced in the overexpressing plants. The phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing EYFP-OsMADS18-N resembled those observed in the osmads18-cas9 mutants. Analysis of the interaction of OsMADS18 with OsMADS14, OsMADS15, and OsMADS57 strongly suggests an essential role for OsMADS18 in rice development.

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4

Yao, S. G., S. Ohmori, M. Kimizu, and H. Yoshida. "Unequal Genetic Redundancy of Rice PISTILLATA Orthologs, OsMADS2 and OsMADS4, in Lodicule and Stamen Development." Plant and Cell Physiology 49, no. 5 (March 11, 2008): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcn050.

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5

Li, Na, Yang Wang, Jing Lu, and Chuan Liu. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the ALOG Domain Genes in Rice." International Journal of Genomics 2019 (February 24, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2146391.

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The ALOG domain genes, named after the Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1 (ALOG) proteins, have frequently been reported as key developmental regulators in rice and Arabidopsis. However, the investigation of the ALOG gene family is limited. Here, we conducted a genome-wide investigation of the ALOG gene family in rice and six other species. In total, eighty-four ALOG domain genes were identified from the seven species, of which fourteen ALOG domain genes (OsG1/G1Ls) were identified in the rice genome. The fourteen OsG1/G1Ls were unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes, and we found that eight segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of OsG1/G1Ls in the rice genome. The eighty-four ALOG family genes from seven species were classified into six clusters, and the ALOG domain-defined motifs 1, 2, and 3 were highly conserved across species according to the phylogenetic and structural analysis. However, the newly identified motifs 4 and 5 were only present in monocots, indicating a specified function in monocots. Moreover, OsG1/G1Ls exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. Coexpression analysis suggested that OsG1 integrates OsMADS50 and the downstream MADS-box genes, such as OsMADS1, to regulate the development of rice inflorescence; OsG1L7 potentially associates with OsMADS22 and OsMADS55 to regulate stem elongation. In addition, comparative expression analysis revealed the conserved biological functions of ALOG family genes among rice, maize, and Arabidopsis. These results have shed light on the functional study of ALOG family genes in rice and other plants.

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6

Yun, Dapeng, Wanqi Liang, Ludovico Dreni, Changsong Yin, Zhigang Zhou, Martin M. Kater, and Dabing Zhang. "OsMADS16 Genetically Interacts with OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 in Specifying Floral Patterning in Rice." Molecular Plant 6, no. 3 (May 2013): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/sst003.

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7

Kang, Hong-Gyu, and Gynheung An. "Morphological alterations by ectopic expression of the rice OsMADS4 gene in tobacco plants." Plant Cell Reports 24, no. 2 (February 10, 2005): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0921-4.

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8

Xie, Shiyong, Min Chen, Rong Pei, Yidan Ouyang, and Jialing Yao. "OsEMF2b Acts as a Regulator of Flowering Transition and Floral Organ Identity by Mediating H3K27me3 Deposition at OsLFL1 and OsMADS4 in Rice." Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 33, no. 1 (May 15, 2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0733-1.

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9

Yadav, Shri Ram, Imtiyaz Khanday, Bharat Bhusan Majhi, Karuppannan Veluthambi, and Usha Vijayraghavan. "Auxin-Responsive OsMGH3, a Common Downstream Target of OsMADS1 and OsMADS6, Controls Rice Floret Fertility." Plant and Cell Physiology 52, no. 12 (October 19, 2011): 2123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcr142.

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10

Garcia, Richard S., Sapphire Coronejo, Jonathan Concepcion, and Prasanta K. Subudhi. "Whole-Genome Sequencing and RNA-Seq Reveal Differences in Genetic Mechanism for Flowering Response between Weedy Rice and Cultivated Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031608.

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Flowering is a key agronomic trait that influences adaptation and productivity. Previous studies have indicated the genetic complexity associated with the flowering response in a photoinsensitive weedy rice accession PSRR-1 despite the presence of a photosensitive allele of a key flowering gene Hd1. In this study, we used whole-genome and RNA sequencing data from both cultivated and weedy rice to add further insights. The de novo assembly of unaligned sequences predicted 225 genes, in which 45 were specific to PSRR-1, including two genes associated with flowering. Comparison of the variants in PSRR-1 with the 3K rice genome (RG) dataset identified unique variants within the heading date QTLs. Analyses of the RNA-Seq result under both short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) colocalized with the flowering QTLs, and some DEGs such as Hd1, OsMADS56, Hd3a, and RFT1 had unique variants in PSRR-1. Ehd1, Hd1, OsMADS15, and OsMADS56 showed different alternate splicing (AS) events between genotypes and day length conditions. OsMADS56 was expressed in PSRR-1 but not in Cypress under both LD and SD conditions. Based on variations in both sequence and expression, the unique flowering response in PSRR-1 may be due to the high-impact variants of flowering genes, and OsMADS56 is proposed as a key regulator for its day-neutral flowering response.

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11

Lee, Jeong Hwan, Soo Hyun Park, and Ji Hoon Ahn. "Functional conservation and diversification between rice OsMADS22/OsMADS55 and Arabidopsis SVP proteins." Plant Science 185-186 (April 2012): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.09.003.

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12

Kim, Song Lim, Shinyoung Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Hong Gil Nam, and Gynheung An. "OsMADS51 Is a Short-Day Flowering Promoter That Functions Upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a." Plant Physiology 145, no. 4 (October 19, 2007): 1484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.103291.

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13

Yamaguchi, Takahiro, Dong Yeon Lee, Akio Miyao, Hikohiko Hirochika, Gynheung An, and Hiro-Yuki Hirano. "Functional Diversification of the Two C-Class MADS Box Genes OSMADS3 and OSMADS58 in Oryza sativa." Plant Cell 18, no. 1 (December 2, 2005): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.037200.

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14

Li, Haifeng, Wanqi Liang, Changsong Yin, Lu Zhu, and Dabing Zhang. "Genetic Interaction of OsMADS3, DROOPING LEAF, and OsMADS13 in Specifying Rice Floral Organ Identities and Meristem Determinacy." Plant Physiology 156, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.172080.

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15

Liu, Zhijian, Penghui Li, Lan Yu, Yongzhi Hu, Anping Du, Xingyue Fu, Cuili Wu, et al. "OsMADS1 Regulates Grain Quality, Gene Expressions, and Regulatory Networks of Starch and Storage Protein Metabolisms in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 8017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098017.

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OsMADS1 plays a vital role in regulating floret development and grain shape, but whether it regulates rice grain quality still remains largely unknown. Therefore, we used comprehensive molecular genetics, plant biotechnology, and functional omics approaches, including phenotyping, mapping-by-sequencing, target gene seed-specific RNAi, transgenic experiments, and transcriptomic profiling to answer this biological and molecular question. Here, we report the characterization of the ‘Oat-like rice’ mutant, with poor grain quality, including chalky endosperms, abnormal morphology and loose arrangement of starch granules, and lower starch content but higher protein content in grains. The poor grain quality of Oat-like rice was found to be caused by the mutated OsMADS1Olr allele through mapping-by-sequencing analysis and transgenic experiments. OsMADS1 protein is highly expressed in florets and developing seeds. Both OsMADS1-eGFP and OsMADS1Olr-eGFP fusion proteins are localized in the nucleus. Moreover, seed-specific RNAi of OsMADS1 also caused decreased grain quality in transgenic lines, such as the Oat-like rice. Further transcriptomic profiling between Oat-like rice and Nipponbare grains revealed that OsMADS1 regulates gene expressions and regulatory networks of starch and storage protein metabolisms in rice grains, hereafter regulating rice quality. In conclusion, our results not only reveal the crucial role and preliminary mechanism of OsMADS1 in regulating rice grain quality but also highlight the application potentials of OsMADS1 and the target gene seed-specific RNAi system in improving rice grain quality by molecular breeding.

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16

Lee, Shinyoung, Sang Chul Choi, and Gynheung An. "Rice SVP-group MADS-box proteins, OsMADS22 and OsMADS55, are negative regulators of brassinosteroid responses." Plant Journal 54, no. 1 (January 8, 2008): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03406.x.

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17

Shah, Liaqat, Amir Sohail, Rafiq Ahmad, Shihua Cheng, Liyong Cao, and Weixun Wu. "The Roles of MADS-Box Genes from Root Growth to Maturity in Arabidopsis and Rice." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030582.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) life cycles involve several major phase changes, throughout which MADS-box genes have a variety of functions. MADS-box genes are well recognized for their functions in floral induction and development, and some have multiple functions in apparently unrelated developmental stages. For example, in Arabidopsis, AGL15 and AGL6 play roles in both vegetative development and floral transition. Similarly, in rice, OsMADS1 is involved in flowering time and seed development, and OsMADS26 is expressed not only in the roots, but also in the leaves, shoots, panicles, and seeds. The roles of other MADS-box genes responsible for the regulation of specific traits in both rice and Arabidopsis are also discussed. Several are key components of gene regulatory networks involved in root development under diverse environmental factors such as drought, heat, and salt stress, and are also involved in the shift from vegetative to flowering growth in response to seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Thus, we argue that MADS-box genes are critical elements of gene regulation that underpin diverse gene expression profiles, each of which is linked to a unique developmental stage that occurs during root development and the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth.

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18

Fornara, Fabio, Veronica Gregis, Nilla Pelucchi, Lucia Colombo, and Martin Kater. "The rice StMADS11-like genes OsMADS22 and OsMADS47 cause floral reversions in Arabidopsis without complementing the svp and agl24 mutants." Journal of Experimental Botany 59, no. 8 (May 2008): 2181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern083.

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19

Zuo, Zi-Wei, Zhen-Hua Zhang, De-Run Huang, Ye-Yang Fan, Si-Bin Yu, Jie-Yun Zhuang, and Yu-Jun Zhu. "Control of Thousand-Grain Weight by OsMADS56 in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010125.

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Grain weight and size are important traits determining grain yield and influencing grain quality in rice. In a previous study, a quantitative trait locus controlling thousand-grain weight (TGW) in rice, qTGW10-20.8, was mapped in a 70.7 kb region on chromosome 10. Validation of the candidate gene for qTGW10-20.8, OsMADS56 encoding a MADS-box transcription factor, was performed in this study. In a near-isogenic line (NIL) population segregated only at the OsMADS56 locus, NILs carrying the OsMADS56 allele of IRBB52 were 1.9% and 2.9% lower in TGW than NILs carrying the OsMADS56 allele of Teqing in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Using OsMADS56 knock-out mutants and overexpression transgenic plants, OsMADS56 was validated as the causal gene for qTGW10-20.8. Compared with the recipients, the TGW of the knock-out mutants was reduced by 6.0–15.0%. In these populations, decreased grain weight and size were associated with a reduction in the expression of OsMADS56. In transgenic populations of OsMADS56 driven by a strong constitutive promoter, grain weight and size of the positive plants were significantly higher than those of the negative plants. Haplotype analysis showed that the Teqing-type allele of OsMADS56 is the major type presented in cultivated rice and used in variety improvement. Cloning of OsMADS56 provides a new gene resource to improve grain weight and size through molecular design breeding.

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20

Shen, Liping, Feng Tian, Zhukuan Cheng, Qiang Zhao, Qi Feng, Yan Zhao, Bin Han, et al. "OsMADS58 Stabilizes Gene Regulatory Circuits during Rice Stamen Development." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212899.

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Rice (Oryza sativa) OsMADS58 is a C-class MADS box protein, and characterization of a transposon insertion mutant osmads58 suggested that OsMADS58 plays a role in stamen development. However, as no null mutation has been obtained, its role has remained unclear. Here, we report that the CRISPR knockout mutant osmads58 exhibits complex altered phenotypes, including anomalous diploid germ cells, aberrant meiosis, and delayed tapetum degeneration. This CRISPR mutant line exhibited stronger changes in expression of OsMADS58 target genes compared with the osmads58 dSpm (transposon insertion) line, along with changes in multiple pathways related to early stamen development. Notably, transcriptional regulatory circuits in young panicles covering the stamen at stages 4–6 were substantially altered in the CRISPR line compared to the dSpm line. These findings strongly suggest that the pleiotropic effects of OsMADS58 on stamen development derive from a potential role in stabilizing gene regulatory circuits during early stamen development. Thus, this work opens new avenues for viewing and deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of early stamen development from a network perspective.

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21

Liang, Yongshu, Junyi Gong, Yuxin Yan, Tingshen Peng, Jinyu Xiao, Shuang Wang, Wenbin Nan, Xiaojian Qin, and Hanma Zhang. "Fine Mapping and Candidate-Gene Analysis of an open glume multi-pistil 3 (mp3) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101731.

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The rice mutant mp3 was derived from an indica–japonica cross between Rejing35 and XieqingzaoB, producing an inconstant number of pistils ranging from one to four pistils in a floret at heading stage, which also developed an open-glume with one or two seeds and twin seedlings at mature and seedling stage. Several altered characteristics, including filling grain panicle–1 (62.90), grain-setting rate (60.48%) and grain yield plant–1 (13.42 g), decreased but an increase in 1000-grain weight (36.87 g) was observed. Genetic analysis revealed that the mp3 mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Using a chromosome walking strategy in the F2 population of 02428/mp3, the mp3 gene was fine mapped between L3-135 and RM7576, with a physical distance of 30.617 kb on rice chromosome 3. Four candidate genes were found in this region referred to the rice genome annotations. LOC_Os03g11614/OsMADS1 corresponded with the mutant mp3 phenotype. Sequencing showed no sequence alterations in the coding and promoter sequence of the LOC_Os03g11614/OsMADS1 of mp3. The mp3 gene may be an allelic gene with three previously reported genes but controlled different mutant floral organ phenotypes in rice. Therefore, this mp3 gene provided a novel perspective on the biological function of OsMADS1 in the development of rice floral organ.

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22

Li, Xingxing, Bo Yu, Qi Wu, Qian Min, Rongfeng Zeng, Zizhao Xie, and Junli Huang. "OsMADS23 phosphorylated by SAPK9 confers drought and salt tolerance by regulating ABA biosynthesis in rice." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): e1009699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009699.

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Some of MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to play essential roles in the adaptation of plant to abiotic stress. Still, the mechanisms that MADS-box proteins regulate plant stress response are not fully understood. Here, a stress-responsive MADS-box TF OsMADS23 from rice conferring the osmotic stress tolerance in plants is reported. Overexpression of OsMADS23 remarkably enhanced, but knockout of the gene greatly reduced the drought and salt tolerance in rice plants. Further, OsMADS23 was shown to promote the biosynthesis of endogenous ABA and proline by activating the transcription of target genes OsNCED2, OsNCED3, OsNCED4 and OsP5CR that are key components for ABA and proline biosynthesis, respectively. Then, the convincing evidence showed that the OsNCED2-knockout mutants had lower ABA levels and exhibited higher sensitivity to drought and oxidative stress than wild type, which is similar to osmads23 mutant. Interestingly, the SnRK2-type protein kinase SAPK9 was found to physically interact with and phosphorylate OsMADS23, and thus increase its stability and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the activation of OsMADS23 by SAPK9-mediated phosphorylation is dependent on ABA in plants. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanism that OsMADS23 functions as a positive regulator in response to osmotic stress by regulating ABA biosynthesis, and provide a new strategy for improving drought and salt tolerance in rice.

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23

Zhu, Wanwan, Liu Yang, Di Wu, Qingcai Meng, Xiao Deng, Guoqiang Huang, Jiao Zhang, et al. "Rice SEPALLATA genes OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 cooperate to limit inflorescence branching by repressing the TERMINAL FLOWER1 ‐like gene RCN4." New Phytologist 233, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 1682–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.17855.

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24

Lv, Qianlong, Xingxing Li, Xinkai Jin, Ying Sun, Yuanyuan Wu, Wanmin Wang, and Junli Huang. "Rice OsPUB16 modulates the ‘SAPK9-OsMADS23-OsAOC’ pathway to reduce plant water-deficit tolerance by repressing ABA and JA biosynthesis." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 11 (November 28, 2022): e1010520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010520.

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Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis plays crucial roles in plant responses to environmental stress. However, the mechanism by which E3 ubiquitin ligases modulate plant stress response still needs to be elucidated. In this study, we found that rice PLANT U-BOX PROTEIN 16 (OsPUB16), a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates rice drought response. Loss-of-function mutants of OsPUB16 generated through CRISPR/Cas9 system exhibited the markedly enhanced water-deficit tolerance, while OsPUB16 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to water deficit stress. Moreover, OsPUB16 negatively regulated ABA and JA response, and ospub16 mutants produced more endogenous ABA and JA than wild type when exposed to water deficit. Mechanistic investigations revealed that OsPUB16 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of OsMADS23, which is the substrate of OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (SAPK9) and increases rice drought tolerance by promoting ABA biosynthesis. Further, the ChIP-qPCR analysis and transient transactivation activity assays demonstrated that OsMADS23 activated the expression of JA-biosynthetic gene OsAOC by binding to its promoter. Interestingly, SAPK9-mediated phosphorylation on OsMADS23 reduced its ubiquitination level by interfering with the OsPUB16-OsMADS23 interaction, which thus enhanced OsMADS23 stability and promoted OsAOC expression. Collectively, our findings establish that OsPUB16 reduces plant water-deficit tolerance by modulating the ‘SAPK9-OsMADS23-OsAOC’ pathway to repress ABA and JA biosynthesis.

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25

Fang, Maichun, Zejiao Zhou, Xusheng Zhou, Huiyong Yang, Meiru Li, and Hongqing Li. "Overexpression of OsFTL10 induces early flowering and improves drought tolerance in Oryza sativa L." PeerJ 7 (February 12, 2019): e6422. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6422.

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Flowering time control is critically important for the reproductive accomplishment of higher plants as floral transition can be affected by both environmental and endogenous signals. Flowering Locus T-like (FTL) genes are major genetic determinants of flowering in plants. In rice, 13 OsFTL genes have been annotated in the genome and amongst them, Hd3a (OsFTL2) and RFT1 (OsFTL3) have been studied extensively and their functions are confirmed as central florigens that control rice flowering under short day and long day environment, respectively. In this report, a rice OsFTL gene, OsFTL10, was characterized, and its function on flowering and abiotic stress was investigated. The expression level of OsFTL10 was high in young seedlings and shown to be induced by GA3 and drought stress. Overexpression of OsFTL10 resulted in earlier flowering in rice plants by up to 2 weeks, through up-regulation of the downstream gene OsMADS15. OsFTL10 also regulated Ehd1 and OsMADS51 through a feedback mechanism. The OsFTL10 protein was also detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, yeast two hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results show that OsFTL10 could interact with multiple 14-3-3s, suggesting that OsFTL10 might function in a similar way to Hd3a in promoting rice flowering by forming a FAC complex with 14-3-3, and OsFD1. Further experiments revealed that constitutive expression of OsFTL10 improved the drought tolerance of transgenic plants by stimulating the expression of drought responsive genes. These results suggest that rice FTL genes might function in flowering promotion and responses to environmental signals.

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26

Duan, Yuanlin, Zhuo Xing, Zhijuan Diao, Wenying Xu, Shengping Li, Xiaoqiu Du, Guangheng Wu, et al. "Characterization of Osmads6-5, a null allele, reveals that OsMADS6 is a critical regulator for early flower development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Plant Molecular Biology 80, no. 4-5 (August 30, 2012): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-012-9958-2.

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27

Hu, Yun, Wanqi Liang, Changsong Yin, Xuelian Yang, Baozhe Ping, Anxue Li, Ru Jia, et al. "Interactions of OsMADS1 with Floral Homeotic Genes in Rice Flower Development." Molecular Plant 8, no. 9 (September 2015): 1366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.04.009.

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28

Wang, Ling, Xiao-Qin Zeng, Hui Zhuang, Ya-Lin Shen, Huan Chen, Zhong-Wei Wang, Jue-Chen Long, Ying-Hua Ling, Guang-Hua He, and Yun-Feng Li. "Ectopic expression of OsMADS1 caused dwarfism and spikelet alteration in rice." Plant Growth Regulation 81, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0220-9.

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29

Tao, Juhong, Wanqi Liang, Gynheung An, and Dabing Zhang. "OsMADS6 Controls Flower Development by Activating Rice FACTOR OF DNA METHYLATION LIKE1." Plant Physiology 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00017.

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30

Lian-ping, SUN, ZHANG Ying-xin, ZHANG Pei-pei, YANG Zheng-fu, ZHAN Xiao-deng, SHEN Xi-hong, ZHANG Zhen-hua, et al. "K-Domain Splicing Factor OsMADS1 Regulates Open Hull Male Sterility in Rice." Rice Science 22, no. 5 (September 2015): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2015.09.001.

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31

Gao, Xingchun, Wanqi Liang, Changsong Yin, Shenmin Ji, Hongmei Wang, Xiao Su, Chunce Guo, Hongzhi Kong, Hongwei Xue, and Dabing Zhang. "The SEPALLATA-Like Gene OsMADS34 Is Required for Rice Inflorescence and Spikelet Development." Plant Physiology 153, no. 2 (April 15, 2010): 728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.156711.

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32

Zhang, Hua, Heng Xu, Mengjie Feng, and Ying Zhu. "Suppression of OsMADS7 in rice endosperm stabilizes amylose content under high temperature stress." Plant Biotechnology Journal 16, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12745.

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Li, Haifeng, Wanqi Liang, Ruidong Jia, Changsong Yin, Jie Zong, Hongzhi Kong, and Dabing Zhang. "The AGL6-like gene OsMADS6 regulates floral organ and meristem identities in rice." Cell Research 20, no. 3 (December 29, 2009): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2009.143.

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Khanday, Imtiyaz, Sanjukta Das, Grace L. Chongloi, Manju Bansal, Ueli Grossniklaus, and Usha Vijayraghavan. "Genome-Wide Targets Regulated by the OsMADS1 Transcription Factor Reveals Its DNA Recognition Properties." Plant Physiology 172, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00789.

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35

Meng, Qingcai, Xiaofeng Li, Wanwan Zhu, Li Yang, Wanqi Liang, Ludovico Dreni, and Dabing Zhang. "Regulatory network and genetic interactions established by OsMADS34 in rice inflorescence and spikelet morphogenesis." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 59, no. 9 (September 2017): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12594.

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36

Wang, Hongmei, Yue Zhu, Linlin Wang, Chujian Xiao, Jianming Yuan, Yao-Guang Liu, and Qunyu Zhang. "Double Mutation of Days to Heading 2 and CONSTANS 3 Improves Agronomic Performance of Japonica Rice under Short Daylight Conditions in Southern China." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 16, 2023): 7346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087346.

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Abstract:

Some progress has been made in understanding the pathways related to rice heading, but their applications to breeding japonica rice varieties adapted to grow in low-latitude areas (“indica to japonica”) are limited. We edited eight adaptation-related genes via a lab-established CRISPR/Cas9 system in a japonica variety, Shennong265 (SN265). All T0 plants and their progeny bearing random mutation permutations were planted in southern China and screened for changes in heading date. We found that the double mutant of Days to heading 2 (DTH2) and CONSTANS 3 (OsCO3) (dth2-osco3), two CONSTANS-like (COL) genes, showed significantly delayed heading under both short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions in Guangzhou and manifested great yield increase under SD conditions. We further demonstrated that the heading-related Hd3a-OsMADS14 pathway was down-regulated in the dth2-osco3 mutant lines. The editing of the COL genes DTH2 and OsCO3 greatly improves the agronomic performance of japonica rice in Southern China.

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Zhang, Guopeng, Ning Xu, Hongli Chen, Guixue Wang, and Junli Huang. "OsMADS25 regulates root system development via auxin signalling in rice." Plant Journal 95, no. 6 (July 29, 2018): 1004–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14007.

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38

LI, Jie. "Drought resistance and heredity of transgenic tobacco with OsMAPK4 gene." HEREDITAS 29, no. 09 (2007): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/yc-007-1144.

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Yadav, Shri R., and Usha Vijayraghavan. "OsMADS1 as a transcriptional regulator of rice floral organ fate affects auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways." Developmental Biology 319, no. 2 (July 2008): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.478.

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40

Zhang, Jie, Yue Cai, Haigang Yan, Jie Jin, Xiaoman You, Liang Wang, Fei Kong, et al. "A Critical Role of OsMADS1 in the Development of the Body of the Palea in Rice." Journal of Plant Biology 61, no. 1 (February 2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12374-017-0236-3.

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41

Wang, Huanhuan, Liang Zhang, Qiang Cai, Yun Hu, Zhenming Jin, Xiangxiang Zhao, Wei Fan, et al. "OsMADS32 interacts with PI-like proteins and regulates rice flower development." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 57, no. 5 (September 9, 2014): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12248.

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42

Lee, Shinyoung, Young-Min Woo, Sung-Il Ryu, Young-Duck Shin, Woo Taek Kim, Ky Young Park, In-Jung Lee, and Gynheung An. "Further Characterization of a Rice AGL12 Group MADS-Box Gene, OsMADS26." Plant Physiology 147, no. 1 (March 19, 2008): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.114256.

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43

Lopez-Dee, Zenaida P., Peter Wittich, M. Enrico P�, Diana Rigola, Ilaria Del Buono, Mirella Sari Gorla, Martin M. Kater, and Lucia Colombo. "OsMADS13, a novel rice MADS-box gene expressed during ovule development." Developmental Genetics 25, no. 3 (1999): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1999)25:3<237::aid-dvg6>3.0.co;2-l.

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44

Chen, Zhi-Shan, Xiao-Feng Liu, Dong-Hui Wang, Rui Chen, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Zhi-Hong Xu, and Shu-Nong Bai. "Transcription Factor OsTGA10 Is a Target of the MADS Protein OsMADS8 and Is Required for Tapetum Development." Plant Physiology 176, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 819–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01419.

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45

Khanday, Imtiyaz, Shri Ram Yadav, and Usha Vijayraghavan. "Rice LHS1/OsMADS1 Controls Floret Meristem Specification by Coordinated Regulation of Transcription Factors and Hormone Signaling Pathways." Plant Physiology 161, no. 4 (February 28, 2013): 1970–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.212423.

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Huang, Shuangjie, Zhihao Liang, Si Chen, Huwei Sun, Xiaorong Fan, Cailin Wang, Guohua Xu, and Yali Zhang. "A Transcription Factor, OsMADS57, Regulates Long-Distance Nitrate Transport and Root Elongation." Plant Physiology 180, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00142.

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Dreni, Ludovico, Sara Jacchia, Fabio Fornara, Monica Fornari, Pieter B. F. Ouwerkerk, Gynheung An, Lucia Colombo, and Martin M. Kater. "The D-lineage MADS-box gene OsMADS13 controls ovule identity in rice." Plant Journal 52, no. 4 (September 18, 2007): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03272.x.

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Yan-mei, Wang, Yan Da-wei, Zhang Ying-ying, Li Jing, and Cang Jing. "Regulation of Floral Organ Identity in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of OsMADS58." Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition) 19, no. 3 (September 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-8104(13)60023-9.

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Lee, Sichul, Jong-Seong Jeon, Kyungsook An, Yong-Hwan Moon, Sanghee Lee, Yong-Yoon Chung, and Gynheung An. "Alteration of floral organ identity in rice through ectopic expression of OsMADS16." Planta 217, no. 6 (October 1, 2003): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1066-8.

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Yadav, Shri Ram, Kalika Prasad, and Usha Vijayraghavan. "Divergent Regulatory OsMADS2 Functions Control Size, Shape and Differentiation of the Highly Derived Rice Floret Second-Whorl Organ." Genetics 176, no. 1 (April 3, 2007): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.071746.

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