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1
Liu, Rui, Jia Peng, Huili Wang, Lei Li, Xiujie Wen, Yan Tan, Lin Zhang, Haoyuan Wan, Faming Chen, and Xie Nie. "Oxysophocarpine Retards the Growth and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 49, no. 5 (2018): 1717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493615.
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Background/Aims: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oncogene in various types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oxysophocarpine (OSC) is a natural alkaloid that has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanism underlying the effects of OSC on the growth and metastasis of OSCC are unclear. Methods: Nrf2 levels were determined in OSCC tissues and non-cancerous specimens by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. The effects of OSC on OSCC cell growth and metastasis were explored (1) using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine staining and Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing, Transwell, and tube formation assays in vitro; and (2) by establishing a xenograft nude mouse model in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of OSC on the growth and metastasis of OSCC were investigated in vitro by western blotting, caspase-3 activity, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and in vivo by western blotting and IHC assays. Results: The expression levels of Nrf2 in OSCC tissues and in cell lines were much higher than in non-cancerous tissues and normal oral keratinocytes. The upregulation of Nrf2 was positively correlated with a high incidence of lymph node metastasis and advanced histological grade and TNM stage, but inversely associated with differentiation and survival of OSCC patients. OSC reduced the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in OSCC cells. OSC also inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and pro-angiogenesis of OSCC cells. Moreover, OSC induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro, and decreased OSCC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, OSC reduced the aggressive behavior of OSCC cells by inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that OSC inhibits the growth and metastasis of OSCC by targeting the Nrf2/ HO-1 axis, suggesting that OSC may be a potential therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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Coppola, Noemi, Michele Davide Mignogna, Immacolata Rivieccio, Andrea Blasi, Maria Eleonora Bizzoca, Roberto Sorrentino, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Stefania Leuci. "Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice among Health Care Providers in OSCC Awareness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094506.
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OSCC remain a global health problem. Lack of awareness leads to inadequate watchfulness regarding early signs/symptoms despite the ease of visual oral inspection. What clinicians know and feel, and how they behave on OSCC is crucial to understand the feasibility and effectiveness of screening programs. The aim of this systematic review was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) regarding OSCC among health care providers (HCPs). Therefore, a systematic review was conducted with SPIDER and PICO as major tools. A meta-analysis was structured through common items in two comparison groups of medical and dental practitioners. Descriptive statistics and a Mantel–Haenszel test were used to validate data. Sixty-six studies were selected for systematic review, eight of which are useful for meta-analysis. A statistically significant difference was recorded between dentists and medical practitioners for questions regarding: Alcohol (p < 0.001); Elderly (p < 0.012); Sun exposure (p < 0.0001); Erythroplakia (p < 0.019); Red patch (p < 0.010); White patch (p < 0.020); Tobacco consultation (p < 0.0001); Intraoral examination (p < 0.0001) and Up-to-date knowledge (p < 0.002). Overall, the incidence of OSCC screening is low. Most HCPs feel the need to increase KAP. Data confirmed gaps in KAP, highlighting the need for a more efficient pre- and post-graduation training, necessary to increase competence worldwide.
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Stewart, Philip E., Xiaohui Wang, Dawn M. Bueschel, Dawn R. Clifton, Dorothee Grimm, Kit Tilly, James A. Carroll, Janis J. Weis, and Patricia A. Rosa. "Delineating the Requirement for the Borrelia burgdorferi Virulence Factor OspC in the Mammalian Host." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 6 (June 2006): 3547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00158-06.
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ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi is essential for establishing mammalian infection. However, the role of OspC in mammalian infection is unknown. Here, we report experiments designed to distinguish between two models of OspC function in the mammalian host: (i) OspC fulfills an essential physiological role for growth and host adaptation or (ii) OspC provides a protective role for evasion of components of the innate immune response. We found that a B. burgdorferi ospC mutant, previously demonstrated to be noninfectious in both immunocompetent and SCID mice, could survive in the relatively immune-privileged environment of dialysis membrane chambers implanted within the peritoneum of a rat. The ospC mutant also adapts to the mammalian environment, as determined by the protein profiles of the chamber-cultivated spirochetes. Therefore, OspC does not appear to provide a physiological function for the survival of B. burgdorferi within the mammalian host. The second model, evasion of the innate immune system, was tested by assessing the infectivity of the ospC mutant in mice deficient for myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88). Recent studies have shown that B. burgdorferi is prevented from reaching high cell numbers in the mammalian host by MyD88-dependent signaling pathways. The ospC mutant was incapable of infecting MyD88-deficient mice, suggesting that the role of OspC cannot be related solely to evasion of MyD88-mediated innate immunity. These results reiterate the importance of OspC in mammalian infection and eliminate simple models of function for this enigmatic protein.
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Gissi, Davide, Viscardo Fabbri, Andrea Gabusi, Jacopo Lenzi, Luca Morandi, Sofia Melotti, Sofia Asioli, et al. "Pre-Operative Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profile in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Can Predict Tumor Aggressive Potential." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186691.
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Background: Prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is difficult to exactly assess on pre-operative biopsies. Since OSCC DNA methylation profile has proved to be a useful pre-operative diagnostic tool, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of DNA methylation profile to discriminate OSCC with high and low aggressive potential. Methods: 36 OSCC cases underwent neoplastic cells collection by gentle brushing of the lesion, before performing a pre-operative biopsy. The CpG islands methylation status of 13 gene (ZAP70, ITGA4, KIF1A, PARP15, EPHX3, NTM, LRRTM1, FLI1, MiR193, LINC00599, MiR296, TERT, GP1BB) was studied by bisulfite Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). A Cox proportional hazards model via likelihood-based component-wise boosting was used to evaluate the prognostic power of the CpG sites. Results: The boosting estimation identified five CpGs with prognostic significance: EPHX3-24, EPHX3-26, ITGA4-3, ITGA4-4, and MiR193-3. The combination of significant CpGs provided promising results for adverse events prediction (Brier score = 0.080, C-index = 0.802 and AUC = 0.850). ITGA4 had a strong prognostic power in patients with early OSCC. Conclusions: These data confirm that the study of methylation profile provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of OSCC and can allow a better OSCC prognostic stratification even before surgery.
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Milina, J., P. Kristiansen, A. S. Jacobsen, and A. I. Sundve. "Molding the asset management system to PAS 55-1/ISO 55001 in one Scandinavian water and wastewater works." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.001.
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Good practice and standards set strict requirements for optimization and continuous improvement of physical asset management. The new international standard for asset management provides a framework for asset intensive industries to develop and implement sound asset management systems. Unlike the largest and most global industries, there are very few, if any, providers of services in the water sector that have developed and implemented a full set of best practices, in compliance with specifications created by the standard. Oslo Water and Sewerage Works (Oslo VAV) has worked systematically to evolve its asset management system by standardizing work processes and operating procedures in its Business Process Management System, implementing good practice in infrastructure asset management, and by improved management and control of the private contractor that operates the wastewater treatment plant's processes and activities. This paper provides insight into Oslo VAV's asset management system, assessment of current practice vs. best practice for complying with the standard and high priority areas for improvement.
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Pérez-Pérez, T., I. Pereda-Reyes, E. Pozzi, D. Oliva-Merencio, and M. Zaiat. "Performance and stability of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor modified with zeolite addition subjected to step increases of organic loading rate (OLR) and to organic shock load (OSL)." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.516.
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Abstract This paper shows the effect of organic shock loads (OSLs) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of synthetic swine wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor modified with zeolite. Two reactors (R1 and R2), each with an effective volume of 3.04 L, were operated for 180 days at a controlled temperature of 30 °C and hydraulic retention time of 12 h. In the case of R2, 120 g of zeolite was added. The reactors were operated with an up-flow velocity of 6 m/h. The evolution of pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was monitored during the AD process with OSL and increases in the organic loading rate (OLR). In addition, the microbial composition and changes in the structure of the bacterial and archaeal communities were assessed. The principal results demonstrate that the presence of zeolite in an EGSB reactor provides a more stable process at higher OLRs and after applying OSL, based on both COD and VFA accumulation, which presented with significant differences compared to the control. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis band profiles indicated differences in the populations of Bacteria and Archaea between the R1 and R2 reactors, attributed to the presence of zeolite.
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Wilkinson, Simon R. "Oslo." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 10 (October 1992): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.10.655.
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It did not take me long to find that I belonged to the ‘marginal’ section of Norwegian society. Both as foreigner and psychiatrist I seemed to be a threat. Nevertheless it is from society's marginal groups that healers have often come (Miller, 1987) and so I continue to work with a necessary and natural cultural naivety and therapeutic optimism! I present here an overview and critique of the services provided for children in Oslo from the privileged position of a migrant. The high staffing levels and the profile of child and adolescent psychiatry appear to have exaggerated the ‘psychologising’ of problems and a search for therapy. These have the potential to inflame both interprofessional conflicts and interdisciplinary conflicts because of the emphasis on therapeutic skills to the relative exclusion of a relevant knowledge base.
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Fatkullin, D. М., А. О. Guz, А. V. Garev, А. S. Zaharov, and М. I. Sokolova. "Oral squamous cell carcinoma in "young" patients." Ural Medical Journal 20, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-2-89-94.
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Aim of the study — to provide for medical oncologists and surgeon, who specialize in treatment of head and neck oncology patients, the most recent information about incidence and feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients.Material and мethods. Pubmed, ScienceDirect are used for literature search. Data of world literature published since 1983 till 2021 and contain information about incidence, epidemiology, clinic, treatment and prognosis in OSCC in young patients. The data of retrospective and prospective clinical trials were studied.Results. Determined the relevance of this problem and described incidence and epidemiology. Based on the analysis of the most recent publications, the authors provided data on clinical picture and modern approaches to the treatment and prognosis of OSCC in young patients by comparison with old patients.Conclusion. Over the past 30 years, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients has been increasing worldwide while the incidence of classical oral cancer has been decreasing and no clear etiology has been identified. In this review we analyzed and synthesized the literature regarding early onset OSCC. Since 1983, the first assumptions about the uniqueness of the etiology and clinical picture of OSCC in young patients have appeared; till this day, this topic remains relevant for head and neck oncologists. Understanding the biology of the OSCC in young patients can be crucial in determining the prevention of disease, treatment and prognosis for patients.
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Trætteberg, Håkon Solbu, and Audun Fladmoe. "Quality Differences of Public, For-Profit and Nonprofit Providers in Scandinavian Welfare? User Satisfaction in Kindergartens." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 31, no. 1 (October 3, 2019): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00169-6.
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Abstract Research on differences between public, for-profit, and nonprofit providers of welfare services has provided mixed findings, depending on welfare state arrangement, regulation, and service area. This paper’s objective is to study the differences between public, nonprofit (cooperatives and other nonprofits), and for-profit welfare providers from the perspective of the users in the tightly regulated Scandinavian context. We ask how the users perceive the providers from different sectors differently and how this variation can be explained. The study relies on a large-scale survey carried out in 2015 in the city of Oslo, Norway. From the survey, we identify the two main results. First, despite limited differences, users of nonprofit kindergartens are generally more satisfied than users of for-profit and public kindergartens. Second, an important explanation for variations in user satisfaction among kindergartens is identified in a pocket of regulatory leniency: the quality of food service. This is the only expense that varies among kindergartens in Norway. These results indicate that more lenient regulations could potentially increase provider distinctiveness. Based on the existing literature, we discuss why nonprofit providers seem to fare better in the minds of users than public and for-profit providers.
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Haram, R. B., E. Ribu, and T. Rustøen. "An evaluation of the leg and foot ulcer treatment provided in Oslo." Journal of Wound Care 12, no. 8 (September 2003): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2003.12.8.26522.
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Yang, Sen, Yingshu Wang, Jun Ren, Xueqin Zhou, Kaizhi Cai, Lijuan Guo, and Shichao Wu. "Identification of diagnostic and prognostic lncRNA biomarkers in oral squamous carcinoma by integrated analysis and machine learning." Cancer Biomarkers 29, no. 2 (October 9, 2020): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-191215.
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BACKGROUND: Patients with oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) present difficulty in precise diagnosis and poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the diagnostic and prognostic indicators in OSCC and provide basis for molecular mechanism investigation of OSCC. METHODS: We collected sequencing data and clinical data from TCGA database and screened the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in OSCC. Machine learning and modeling were performed to identify the optimal diagnostic markers. In order to determine lncRNAs with prognostic value, survival analysis was performed through combing the expression profiles with the clinical data. Finally, co-expressed DEmRNAs of lncRNAs were identified by interacted network construction and functional annotated by GO and KEGG analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1114 (345 up- and 769 down-regulated) DEmRNAs and 156 (86 up- and 70 down-regulated) DElncRNAs were obtained in OSCC. Following the machine learning and modeling, 15 lncRNAs were identified to be the optimal diagnostic indicators of OSCC. Among them, FOXD2.AS1 was significantly associated with survival rate of patients with OSCC. In addition, Focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were found to be involved in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS : FOXD2.AS1 might be a prognostic marker for OSCC and our study may provide more information to the further study in OSCC.
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Earnhart, Christopher G., Eric L. Buckles, John Stephen Dumler, and Richard T. Marconi. "Demonstration of OspC Type Diversity in Invasive Human Lyme Disease Isolates and Identification of Previously Uncharacterized Epitopes That Define the Specificity of the OspC Murine Antibody Response." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 12 (December 2005): 7869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.12.7869-7877.2005.
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ABSTRACT Outer surface protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease spirochetes is an important virulence factor that has potential utility for vaccine development. Of the 21 OspC types that have been identified, it has been postulated that types A, B, I, and K are specifically associated with invasive infections. Through an analysis of isolates collected from patients in Maryland we found that OspC types C, D, and N are also associated with invasive infections. This observation suggests that there is greater diversity in the group of OspC types associated with invasive infection than has been previously suggested. Detailed knowledge of the antigenic structure of OspC is essential for vaccine development. To determine if the antibody response to OspC is type specific, recombinant proteins of several different OspC types were immunoblotted and screened with sera from mice infected with isolates having known OspC types. These analyses revealed a high degree of specificity in the antibody response and suggested that the immunodominant epitopes of OspC reside in the variable domains of the protein. To localize these epitopes, OspC fragments were generated and screened with serum collected from infected mice. These analyses led to identification of previously uncharacterized epitopes that define the type specificity of the OspC antibody response. These analyses provide important insight into the antigenic structure of OspC and also provide a basis for understanding the variable nature of the antibody response to this important virulence factor of the Lyme disease spirochetes.
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Crowe, Ruth, Yasmine Probst, Jennifer Norman, Susan Furber, Lisa Franco, Rebecca M. Stanley, Cecilia Vuong, et al. "Healthy eating and physical activity environments in out-of-school hours care: an observational study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e036397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036397.
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IntroductionChildcare settings have been widely identified as important venues for promoting healthy lifestyles to children. Out-of-school hours care (OSHC) is a rapidly growing childcare service, yet there has been limited research reported on healthy eating and physical activity (HEPA) environments within the Australian OSHC setting. This research aims to describe the HEPA environments related to foods and beverages served, staff behaviours and child physical activity levels across two local health districts within New South Wales, Australia. This study will provide evidence to support future interventions and policies in Australian OSHC settings.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study design will be used to describe the food and beverages provided and child activity levels, and report on environmental correlates. OSHC programmes will be visited on non-consecutive weekdays between 2018 and 2020. The frequency of foods and beverages offered will be observed and categorised into food groups aligned to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Children’s physical activity will be measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Staff behaviour will be captured via direct observation and the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition. Short interviews with programme directors will gather contextual information about OSHC practices and policies.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations and individualised feedback to each participating service. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Wollongong Human Research Ethics Committee (HE17/490).
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LaFleur, Rhonda L., Jennifer C. Dant, Terri L. Wasmoen, Steven M. Callister, Dean A. Jobe, Steven D. Lovrich, Thomas F. Warner, O. Abdelmagid, and Ronald F. Schell. "Bacterin That Induces Anti-OspA and Anti-OspC Borreliacidal Antibodies Provides a High Level of Protection against Canine Lyme Disease." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 2 (December 3, 2008): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00373-08.
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ABSTRACT Groups of 15 laboratory-bred beagles were vaccinated and boosted with either a placebo or adjuvanted bivalent bacterin comprised of a traditional Borrelia burgdorferi strain and a unique ospA- and ospB-negative B. burgdorferi strain that expressed high levels of OspC and then challenged with B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. The vaccinated dogs produced high titers of anti-OspA and anti-OspC borreliacidal antibodies, including borreliacidal antibodies specific for an epitope within the last seven amino acids at the OspC carboxy terminus (termed OspC7) that was conserved among pathogenic Borrelia genospecies. In addition, spirochetes were eliminated from the infected ticks that fed on the bacterin recipients, B. burgdorferi was not isolated from the skin or joints, and antibody responses associated specifically with canine infection with B. burgdorferi were not produced. In contrast, B. burgdorferi was recovered from engorged ticks that fed on 13 (87%) placebo-vaccinated dogs (P < 0.0001), skin biopsy specimens from 14 (93%) dogs (P < 0.0001), and joint tissue specimens from 8 (53%) dogs (P = 0.0022). In addition, 14 (93%) dogs developed specific antibody responses against B. burgdorferi proteins, including 11 (73%) with C6 peptide antibodies (P < 0.0001). Moreover, 10 (67%) dogs developed Lyme disease-associated joint abnormalities (P < 0.0001), including 4 (27%) dogs that developed joint stiffness or lameness and 6 (40%) that developed chronic joint inflammation (synovitis). The results therefore confirmed that the bacterin provided a high level of protection against Lyme disease shortly after immunization.
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Xie, Shang, Xin-Yuan Zhang, Xiao-Feng Shan, Vicky Yau, Jian-Yun Zhang, Wei Wang, Yong-Pan Yan, and Zhi-Gang Cai. "Hyperion Image Analysis Depicts a Preliminary Landscape of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in OSCC with Lymph Node Metastasis." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975423.
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Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the most common types of oral cancer. Because its prognosis varies significantly, identification of a tumor immune microenvironment could be a critical tool for treatment planning and predicting a more accurate prognosis. This study is aimed at utilizing the Hyperion imaging system to depict a preliminary landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC with lymph node metastasis. Methods. We collected neoplasm samples from OSCC patients. Their formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections were obtained and stained utilizing a panel of 26 clinically relevant metal-conjugated antibodies. Detection and analysis were performed for these stained cells with the Hyperion imaging system. Results. Four patients met our inclusion criteria. We depicted a preliminary landscape of their tumor immune microenvironment and identified 25 distinct immune cell subsets from these OSCC patients based on phenotypic similarity. All these patients had decreased expression of CD8+ T cells in tumor specimens. Variety in cell subsets was seen, and more immune activated cells were found in patient A and patient B than those in patient C and patient D. Such differences in tumor immune microenvironments can contribute to forecasting of individual prognoses. Conclusion. The Hyperion imaging system helped to delineate a preliminary and multidimensional landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC with lymph node metastasis and provided insights into the influence of the immune microenvironment in determination of prognoses. These results reveal possible contributory factors behind different prognoses of OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis and provide reference for individual treatment planning.
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Chien, Huei-Tzu, Sou-De Cheng, Chun-Ta Liao, Hung-Ming Wang, and Shiang-Fu Huang. "Amplification of the EGFR and CCND1 Are Coordinated and Play Important Roles in the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas." Cancers 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060760.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer in Taiwan and worldwide. To provide some clues for clinical management of OSCC, 72 advanced-stage OSCCs were analyzed using two microarray platforms (26 cases with Affymetrix 500 K and 46 cases with Affymetrix SNP 6.0). Genomic identification of significant targets in cancer analyses were used to identify significant copy number alterations (CNAs) using a q-value cutoff of 0.25. Among the several significant regions, 12 CNAs were common between these two platforms. Two gain regions contained the well-known oncogenes EGFR (7p11.2) and CCND1 (11q13.3) and several known cancer suppressor genes, such as FHIT (3p14.2–p12.1), FAT1 (4q35.1), CDKN2A (9p21.3), and ATM (11q22.3–q24.3), reside within the 10 deletion regions. Copy number gains of EGFR and CCND1 were further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and TaqMan CN assay, respectively, in 257 OSCC cases. Our results indicate that EGFR and CCND1 CNAs are significantly associated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, EGFR and CCND1 CNAs have an additive effect on OSCC tumor progression. Thus, current genome-wide CNA analysis provides clues for future characterization of important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with the behaviors of the disease.
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Lee, Chena, Yoon Joo Choi, Kug Jin Jeon, Dong Wook Kim, Woong Nam, Hyung Jun Kim, In-Ho Cha, and Sang Sun Han. "Prognostic Implications of Combined Imaging and Histologic Criteria in Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Mandibular Invasion." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051335.
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Prognosis prediction of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with mandibular invasion is controversial, and a more sophisticated staging system to aid prognosis could be developed with imaging characteristics of bone invasion. Imaging-feature analysis provides practical, stratified results for survival prognosis in oral SCC (OSCC) of the mandible, and imaging advances enable more detailed tumor visualization. We retrospectively evaluated significant bone-invasion features associated with poor outcomes in mandibular OSCC to assess the predictive value of staging criteria that combined imaging features and histologic grade (combined imaging–histology (IH) grade) in 65 patients (39 men, 26 women) with mandibular SCC diagnosed from 2006 to 2016. Clinicopathologic features, including T-stage and histologic grade, and prognosis were retrieved. Tumors were classified into three types by extent of mandibular invasion on pretreatment imaging studies. Moreover, we assessed the involvement of the mandibular canal. We examined the correlation of factors associated with locoregional recurrence and overall mortality. The Harrell Concordance Index (C-index) determined prognostic performance of predictors. Nineteen (29%) patients showed locoregional recurrence and 13 (20%) died. For locoregional recurrence and mortality rates, imaging-detected mandibular canal (MC) involvement is a stronger prognostic factor for recurrence (C-index = 0.61 > 0.58) and survival (C-index = 0.58 > 0.63) than histopathologically confirmed perineural invasion, as was the IH grade, especially IH Grade 3, which was significantly associated with worse locoregional recurrence (p < 0.02). Imaging-based staging showed higher prognostic performance than T-staging (C-index = 0.57 (recurrence), 0.60 (death)), when combined with histologic grading (C-index = 0.69 for both) or used alone (C-index = 0.63 (locoregional recurrence), 0.69 (death)). Overall survival was significantly stratified by Imaging type and IH grade. Therefore, analysis of imaging features provided more specific, practical results for survival prognosis in mandibular OSCC. Imaging advances can potentially provide detailed gross views of tumor masses to facilitate development of prognostic criteria for OSCC.
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Fattahi, Morteza, Mariam Heidary, and Mohammad Ghasemi. "Employing Minimum age model (MAM) and Finite mixture modeling (FMM) for OSL age determination of two important samples from Ira Trench of North Tehran Fault." Geochronometria 43, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0031.
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Abstract Ira trench site is in a point where, the surface trace of North Tehran Fault (NTF) joins the Mosha Fault (MF) in the north-eastern margin of Tehran and can provide important paleosismological information for Tehran. The Ira trench, were divided into 6 packages (I to VI), described, according to their composition, relative and absolute ages. Package I consists of units 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31. The whole package I mainly belongs to Holocene, and provides essential constraints for the recent paleoearthquake activity of the EMF and NTF zone. Therefore, finding accurate ages for the units of this package is very important. Three colluvial wedges (units 23, 26, 28) are present between 20 and 36.5 m north in package I, which are assigned to 3 episodes of activity on Fault 13. Central age model (CAM) provided OSL ages of 35.0 ± 6.1, 7.3 ± 1.3, 6.4 ± 0.9 and 56 ± 6.5 ka for units 23, 26, 28 and 29, respectively. The conflicting ages of 56 ± 6.5 and 35.0 ± 6.1 ka (for units 23 and 29, respectively) as compared to the underlying younger units suggest that these ages are overestimated. MAM provided OSL ages of 13.1 ± 4.3 and 3.5 ± 0.4 ka for units 23 and 29, respectively. The contribution of the new statistical age model of sample IRA4 to the paleoseismic data is discussed.
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López-Sanz, Sara, Rodrigo Moreno, M. José de la Mata, F. Javier Moreno, and Mar Villamiel. "Stability of Oligosaccharides Derived from Lactose and Lactulose regarding Rheological and Thermal Properties." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7597301.
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Prebiotic carbohydrates derived from lactulose (OsLu) are appealing ingredients that provide beneficial effects following their fermentation by the gut microbiota; however, more investigation is needed to evaluate their technological properties and applicability as a functional food ingredient in the market. In this paper, a comparative study on the rheological and thermal behavior of OsLu and a commercial mixture of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was carried out. In both cases, there was a strong influence of temperature and shear rate on viscosity. Viscosity of OsLu was higher than that of commercial GOS and variations and rheopexy cycles were also higher for OsLu. The exponential increase of viscosity associated with the structural changes took place later in OsLu than in commercial GOS, suggesting more stability to the shear over time in the former. More stability of OsLu was also observed in the study of the effect of temperature on viscosity. In addition, the thermal study indicated different behavior of both prebiotics under the assayed conditions, showing that OsLu have lower values of glass transition temperature (Tg) than commercial GOS and that commercial GOS are more sensible against humidity. The results here obtained provide important information on the treatment and storage conditions of these prebiotic ingredients during the elaboration of functional foods.
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Ellwein, Amy L., Shannon A. Mahan, and Leslie D. McFadden. "New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (May 2011): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.002.
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AbstractEolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35–30 ka, with most sand deposited before 20 ka. In contrast, the oldest OSL ages for sand sheets fall within the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition (~ 12–8 ka). Thus most eolian sediment accumulated on Black Mesa under climatic conditions that were in general cooler, moister, and more variable than today, not more arid, pointing to a considerable increase in sediment supply.
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Vaishampayan, Sagar, Akshat Malik, Prashant Pawar, Kavi Arya, and Pankaj Chaturvedi. "Short message service prompted mouth self-examination in oral cancer patients as an alternative to frequent hospital-based surveillance." South Asian Journal of Cancer 06, no. 04 (October 2017): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_258_16.
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Abstract Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are amongst commonest cancer in the Indian sub-continent. After treatment, these patients require frequent followup to look for recurrences/second primary. Mouth Self Examination (MSE) has a great potential in all levels of prevention of oral cancer. However, the compliance to self-examination has been reported as poor. Mobile phone is a cheap and effective way to reach out to people. Short Message Service (SMS) is extremely popular can be a very effective motivational and interactive tool in health care setting. Methodology: We aimed to identify in adequately treated OSCC patients, the influence of health provider initiated SMS on the compliance to the MSE and to establish the efficacy of MSE by comparing patients' MSE interpretation via replies to the SMS with that of the experts' opinion on clinical examination status during follow up. Conclusion: We conclude that MSE can be very useful in adequately treated OSCC patients for evaluating disease status. All treated OSCC patients must be adequately educated for MSE as an integral part of treatment & follow-up protocol by the health provider facility. Health provider generated SMS reminders do improve motivation and compliance towards MSE but don't seem to reduce dropouts in follow up for large and diverse population like that in India.
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Gilmore, Robert D., and Joseph Piesman. "Inhibition of Borrelia burgdorferi Migration from the Midgut to the Salivary Glands following Feeding by Ticks on OspC-Immunized Mice." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.1.411-414.2000.
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ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks were fed on either OspC-immunized mice or normal, nonimmunized mice. After 72 h, the ticks were detached, followed by dissection and subsequent culturing in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelley II medium of the salivary glands from each tick to determine the presence of borreliae. Forty percent (10 of 25) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on nonimmunized mice were culture positive, while only 7.4% (2 of 27) of salivary glands from ticks that had fed on OspC-immunized mice were culture positive, thus indicating a much reduced borrelial migration from the midgut when the bloodmeal contained anti-OspC antibodies. Fluorescent antibody staining of the corresponding midguts from ticks that had fed on the OspC-immunized mice showed that borreliae were present but did not produce OspC. In contrast, borreliae in midguts from ticks that had fed on normal mice demonstrated substantial ospC expression. This study provides evidence that, during tick feeding on an OspC-immunized host, transmission of borreliae from the tick is prevented; it also suggests that OspC functions in a tick-to-host transmission mechanism.
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Lutz, Julia, Lars Grinde, and Anita Verpe Dyrrdal. "Estimating Rainfall Design Values for the City of Oslo, Norway—Comparison of Methods and Quantification of Uncertainty." Water 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061735.
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Due to its location, its old sewage system, and the channelling of rivers, Oslo is highly exposed to urban flooding. Thus, it is crucial to provide relevant and reliable information on extreme precipitation in the planning and design of infrastructure. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are a frequently used tool for that purpose. However, the computational method for IDF curves in Norway was established over 45 years ago, and has not been further developed since. In our study, we show that the current method of fitting a Gumbel distribution to the highest precipitation events is not able to reflect the return values for the long return periods. Instead, we introduce the fitting of a Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) distribution for annual maximum precipitation in two different ways, using (a) a modified Maximum Likelihood estimation and (b) Bayesian inference. The comparison of the two methods for 14 stations in and around Oslo reveals that the estimated median return values are very similar, but the Bayesian method provides upper credible interval boundaries that are considerably higher. Two different goodness-of-fit tests favour the Bayesian method; thus, we suggest using the Bayesian inference for estimating IDF curves for the Oslo area.
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Yuan, Yi, Zeyu Wang, Mengqi Chen, Yang Jing, Wei Shu, Zhuoying Xie, Zhiyang Li, et al. "Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miR-31-5p Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumourigenesis Through the Large Tumor Suppressor 2-Mediated Hippo Signalling Pathway." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 822–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3066.
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Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to contribute to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) initiation and progression. However, the underlying mechanism through which TAMs foster OSCC progression is still unclear. This study intended to determine whether there are exclusively exosomal miRNAs-derived macrophages that are functionally necessary for OSCC progression. The phenotype of TAM recruitment in OSCC tissue samples was assessed, subsequently identifying the influence of M2 macrophages and exosomes derived from M2 macrophages on OSCC proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. CD68 and CD163, the specific markers of M2 type macrophages, were upregulated in TAMs presented in intra-cancer tissues. M2 macrophages and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2 exos) both can promote OSCC growth and tumorigenicity. An exosomal RNA-seq analysis was conducted to predict regulatory exosomal miRNAs related to OSCC growth, which determined miR-31-5p and LATS2 for subsequent experiments. Mechanistically, miR-31-5p was delivered to recipient OSCC cells through M2 exos and complementary pairing with the large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) coding sequence, thus suppressing the expression of LATS2 and inactivation the Hippo signaling pathway to support OSCC growth. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR- 31-5p can make tumor suppressor LATS2 gene inhibited and facilitate the progression of OSCC via inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway, which possibly provides new targets for the molecular therapy of OSCC.
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Nasry, Walaa, Juan Rodriguez-Lecompte, and Chelsea Martin. "Role of COX-2/PGE2 Mediated Inflammation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100348.
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A significant amount of research indicates that the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway of inflammation contributes to the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC). Although there have been promising results from studies examining the utility of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of OSCC, this strategy has been met with only variable success and these drugs are also associated with toxicities that make them inappropriate for some OSCC patients. Improved inflammation-targeting therapies require continued study of the mechanisms linking inflammation and progression of OSCC. In this review, a synopsis of OSCC biology will be provided, and recent insights into inflammation related mechanisms of OSCC pathobiology will be discussed. The roles of prostaglandin E2 and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) will be presented, and evidence for their interactions in OSCC will be explored. Through continued investigation into the protumourigenic pathways of OSCC, more treatment modalities targeting inflammation-related pathways can be designed with the hope of slowing tumour progression and improving patient prognosis in patients with this aggressive form of cancer.
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Li, Qinyang, Yao Hu, Xuedong Zhou, Shiyu Liu, Qi Han, and Lei Cheng. "Role of Oral Bacteria in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102797.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive epithelial neoplasm that is influenced by various risk factors, with a low survival rate and an increasing death rate. In the past few years, with the verification of the close relationship between different types of cancers and the microbiome, research has focused on the compositional changes of oral bacteria and their role in OSCC. Generally, oral bacteria can participate in OSCC development by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, influencing normal apoptosis, facilitating invasion and metastasis, and assisting cancer stem cells. The study findings on the association between oral bacteria and OSCC may provide new insight into methods for early diagnosis and treatment development.
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Singhvi, Ashok, Stephen Stokes, Naveen Chauhan, Yogesh Nagar, and Manoj Jaiswal. "Changes in natural OSL sensitivity during single aliquot regeneration procedure and their implications for equivalent dose determination." Geochronometria 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0028-3.
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Abstract Measurement of low temperature (90°C–120°C) Thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity of natural quartz samples subjected to pre-heating and optical stimulation indicate that significant sensitivity changes can occur during measurement of the natural Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). During the measurement of natural signal, the luminescence sensitivity of samples can change by 40%. The sensitivity changes both during the initial preheat and the measurement of natural OSL. The currently used version of Single Aliquot Regeneration (SAR) protocol measures and corrects for the sensitivity changes after preheat and readout of natural OSL. However, it does not take into account the changes in sensitivity during the readout of the natural signal. We therefore developed a correction procedure so that both the natural and the regenerated OSL intensities can be measured and plotted with the same sensitivity and suggest that in the absence of such a correction, a considerable fraction of the SAR based ages could have systematic errors. The correction for the sensitivity is based on the use of sensitivity of 110°C TL quartz peak, which is correlated to OSL signal (Murray and Roberts, 1998). The use of 110°C peak provides a reasonable measure of the changes in OSL sensitivity of quartz. A modified Natural Sensitivity Corrected-SAR (NSC-SAR) procedure, that comprises the measurement of, 1) the TL intensity of 110°C peak for a test dose on sample as received (i.e. natural sample) and, 2) the sensitivity of the 110°C peak of the same sample after the preheat and read out of the natural OSL, is proposed. This ratio, termed as Natural Correction Factor (NCF), then provides a way to correct for sensitivity changes. Results on samples from diverse depositional environments indicated that the NSC-SAR consistently (without exception) provided improved distribution in paleodoses i.e. a lower scatter compared to the standard SAR protocol. In addition, the use of this protocol also resolved anomalous cases where the intensity of natural OSL was significantly above the saturation intensity of the regenerated OSL. Implicitly, this study implies a caution on the use of palaeodoses obtained from single grains as such a correction is not possible in the currently used automated single grain OSL measurement systems. The only way now on will be to analyze aliquots with only a grain on them.
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von Neumann-Cosel, Peter, Sergej Bassauer, Dirk Martin, and Atsushi Tamii. "Gamma Strength Functions and Level Densities from High-Resolution Proton Scattering under 0°." EPJ Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817806002.
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Inelastic proton scattering at energies of a few 100 MeV and forward angles including 0° provides a novel method to measure gamma strength functions (GSF) in nuclei in an energy range of about 5 – 20 MeV. The experiments provide not only the E1 but also the M1 part of the GSF. The latter is poorly known in heavy nuclei. Comparison with gamma decay data (e.g. from the Oslo method) allows to test the generalised Brink-Axel (BA) hypothesis in the energy region of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) crucial for the modelling of (n,γ) and (γ,n) reactions in astrophysical reaction networks. From the two test cases studied, 208Pb remains inconclusive in the energy region of the PDR because of large Porter-Thomas fluctuations due to the small level density (LD), while the BA hypothesis seems to hold in case of 96Mo. A fluctuation analysis of the high-resolution data also provides a direct measure of the LD in the energy region of the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) well above the neutron threshold, where hardly any experimental information is available. This permits an independent test of the decomposition of GSF and LD in Oslo-type experiments.
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da Silva, Sabrina Daniela, Fabio Albuquerque Marchi, Jie Su, Long Yang, Ludmila Valverde, Jessica Hier, Krikor Bijian, et al. "Co-Overexpression of TWIST1-CSF1 Is a Common Event in Metastatic Oral Cancer and Drives Biologically Aggressive Phenotype." Cancers 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010153.
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Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often ulcerated and heavily infiltrated by pro-inflammatory cells. We conducted a genome-wide profiling of tissues from OSCC patients (early versus advanced stages) with 10 years follow-up. Co-amplification and co-overexpression of TWIST1, a transcriptional activator of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1), a major chemotactic agent for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), were observed in metastatic OSCC cases. The overexpression of these markers strongly predicted poor patient survival (log-rank test, p = 0.0035 and p = 0.0219). Protein analysis confirmed the enhanced expression of TWIST1 and CSF1 in metastatic tissues. In preclinical models using OSCC cell lines, macrophages, and an in vivo matrigel plug assay, we demonstrated that TWIST1 gene overexpression induces the activation of CSF1 while TWIST1 gene silencing down-regulates CSF1 preventing OSCC invasion. Furthermore, excessive macrophage activation and polarization was observed in co-culture system involving OSCC cells overexpressing TWIST1. In summary, this study provides insight into the cooperation between TWIST1 transcription factor and CSF1 to promote OSCC invasiveness and opens up the potential therapeutic utility of currently developed antibodies and small molecules targeting cancer-associated macrophages.
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Jin, Nuo, Nianqiang Jin, Wenhuan Bu, Xing Li, Lili Liu, Zilin Wang, Jin Tong, and Dechao Li. "Long non-coding RNA TIRY promotes tumor metastasis by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 7 (February 26, 2020): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220903673.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate a variety of cancerous biological processes, including the promotion of tumorigenicity in tumor parenchymal cells. However, there is a lack of studies assessing the regulation of lncRNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the present study, a novel lncRNA, TIRY, was found to act as a miRNA sponge and to downregulate miR-14 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was used to evaluate TIRY expression in OSCC tissues. Survival analysis in a prospective cohort revealed a correlation between high TIRY expression and short progression-free survival. Subsequently, TIRY expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts and primary fibroblasts from adjacent normal (para-carcinoma) tissues was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. TIRY overexpression in cancer-associated fibroblasts isolated from OSCC tissues was induced by overexpressing the TIRY plasmid, and candidate microRNA expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the expression of proteins related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined; the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of cancer cells co-cultured with TIRY-overexpressing cancer-associated fibroblasts were determined. We found significantly decreased miR-14 expression in cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes and increased expression of EMT markers including transcription factors (Snail and FOXC2) and cellular scaffolding proteins (α-SMA, β-catenin, and FSP1). TIRY overexpression in cancer-associated fibroblasts activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoted the invasion and metastasis of OSCC cells through miR-14 sponging based on cancer-associated exosome secretion. Our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism underlying the role of TIRY in cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor biology; moreover, TIRY is a potential therapeutic target in OSCC. Impact statement This study demonstrated the novel lncRNA, TIRY, enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer-associated fibroblasts and promotes the metastasis of tumor via miR-14 sponging in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and thus provide a novel molecular mechanism underlying the role of TIRY in CAFs in tumor biology and a potential target in OSCC. Further, the data showed that TIRY expression was negatively correlated with miR-14 transcription levels and was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC specimens. Therefore, TIRY may be a potential prognostic biomarker of overall survival and progression-free survival in OSCC. Moreover, TIRY adds to the understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in CAFs and epithelial cancer cells in OSCC and may provide novel insights for further understanding tumor biology.
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Donohue, William A., Qi Hao, Richard Spreng, and Charles Owen. "Understanding the Role of Language in Conflict." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219859626.
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The purpose of this article is to illustrate innovations in text analysis associated with understanding conflict-related communication events. Two innovations will be explored: LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count), the text modeling program from the open-source data analysis software program R, and SPSS Modeler. The LIWC analysis revisits the 2009 study by Donohue and Druckman and the 2014 study by Donohue, Liang, and Druckman focusing on text analyses of the Oslo I Accords between the Palestinians and Israelis to illustrate this approach. The R and SPSS modeling of text analysis use the same data set as the LIWC analysis to provide a different set of pictures associated with each leader’s rhetoric during the period in which the Oslo I accords were being negotiated. Each innovation provides different insights into the mind-set of the two groups of leaders as the secret talks were emerging. The implications of each approach in establishing an understanding of the communication exchanges are discussed to conclude the article.
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Zou, Chen, Siyuan Wu, Haigang Wei, Hailing Luo, Zhe Tang, Xia Li, Xiaozhi Lv, and Yilong Ai. "LINC01355 Contributes to Malignant Phenotype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Cytotoxic T Cell Infiltration via Activating Notch Signaling Pathway." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (July 27, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1830790.
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LINC01355 has been demonstrated to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the exact molecular function of LINC01355 in the pathogenesis of OSCC remains unstudied. Here, we reported the effect of LINC01355 in OSCC and investigated the mechanisms. Firstly, we found that the results indicated LINC01355 was increased in OSCC cells. Knockdown of LINC01355 repressed OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Recently, immunotherapy is a significant method for the treatment of cancers, in which CD8+ T cells exhibit a significant role. The influence of LINC01355 on the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells was also focused in this study. As shown, the silence of LINC01355 could repress OSCC tumor growth via inducing CD8+ T cell immune responses. In addition, we found that downregulation of LINC01355 significantly restrained CD8+ T cell apoptosis, induced CD8+ T cell percentage, and enhanced the cytolysis activity when cocultured with OSCC cells. It has been reported that the Notch pathway represses CD8+ T cell activity in cancer patients. In our present study, we displayed that lack of LINC01355 suppressed OSCC malignant behaviors and enhanced the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells via inactivating Notch signaling. We showed that decreased LINC01355 significantly restrained the Notch signal via a decrease of Notch-1, JAG-1, and HES-1. Repression of Notch1 reversed the effect of LINC01355 in OSCC cells. In conclusion, it was implied that LINC01355 might induce the development of OSCC via modulating the Notch signal pathway, which could provide a candidate therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Menini, Maria, Emanuele De Giovanni, Francesco Bagnasco, Francesca Delucchi, Francesco Pera, Domenico Baldi, and Paolo Pesce. "Salivary Micro-RNA and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020101.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread malignancy with high mortality. In particular, a delay in its diagnosis dramatically decreases the survival rate. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate and summarize clinical results in the literature, regarding the potential use of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OSCC patients. Twelve papers were selected, including both case–control and cohort studies, and all of them detected significantly dysregulated miRNAs in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls. Based on our results, salivary miRNAs might provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method in the diagnosis of OSCC, and also to monitor more easily its evolution and therapeutic response and therefore aid in the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies.
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Vucicevic Boras, Vanja, Aleksandra Fucic, Mihajlo Virag, Dragana Gabric, Igor Blivajs, Cedna Tomasovic-Loncaric, Zoran Rakusic, Vesna Bisof, Nicolas Le Novere, and Danko Velimir Vrdoljak. "Significance of stroma in biology of oral squamous cell carcinoma." Tumori Journal 104, no. 1 (January 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000673.
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The worldwide annual incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is over 300,000 cases with a mortality rate of 48%. This cancer type accounts for 90% of all oral cancers, with the highest incidence in men over 50 years of age. A significantly increased risk of developing OSCC exists among smokers and people who consume alcohol daily. OSCC is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes rapidly. Despite the development of new therapies in the treatment of OSCC, no significant increase in 5-year survival has been recorded in the past decades. The latest research suggests focus should be put on examining tumor stroma activation within OSCC, as the stroma may contain cells that can produce signal molecules and a microenvironment crucial for the development of metastases. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the factors that activate OSCC stroma and hence faciliate neoplastic progression. It is based on the currently available data on the role and interaction between metalloproteinases, cytokines, growth factors, hypoxia factor and extracellular adhesion proteins in the stroma of OSCC and neoplastic cells. Their interplay is additionally presented using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation in order to sublimate the collected knowledge and enable the more efficient recognition of possible new biomarkers in the diagnostics and follow-up of OSCC or in finding new therapeutic targets.
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Hu, Daoyong, Tian Zhong, and Qun Dai. "Long Non-Coding RNA NKILA Reduces Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development Through the NF-KappaB Signaling Pathway." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (January 1, 2020): 153303382096074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820960747.
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Objective: Emerging studies have identified that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer development. This study aims to explore the mechanism of NF-KappaB (NF-κB) interacting lncRNA (NKILA) in the pathological process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: NKILA expression in OSCC tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal human oral keratinocytes and OSCC cell lines was detected using RT-qPCR. KB cells were selected for the follow-up experiments. The role of NKILA in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and NF-κB signaling pathway was identified using the gain- and loss-of function of NKILA in OSCC cells. Additionally, the role of NKILA in vitro was determined by inducing xenograft tumors in nude mice. Results: NKILA was poorly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration, tumor volume and weight were significantly suppressed in cells with overexpressed NKILA, while silencing NKILA led to opposite trends. Moreover, the protein levels of p-IκBα and nuclear-p65 were markedly decreased, while the levels of IκBα and cytoplasm-p65 were enhanced in cells with overexpressed NKILA. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that NKILA could reduce proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. The findings may offer new insights for OSCC prevention and treatment.
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Gilmore, Robert D., and M. Lamine Mbow. "Conformational Nature of the Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Outer Surface Protein C Protective Epitope." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 5463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5463-5469.1999.
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ABSTRACT Active immunization with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi has been demonstrated to confer protection against a tick-transmitted infection on laboratory animals. A previous study in this laboratory showed that OspC antibody raised against a denatured immunogen isolated from B. burgdorferi cells failed to provide protective immunity. Therefore, to determine whether the protective epitope of the recombinant antigen was sensitive to denaturation, recombinant OspC preparations were subjected to heat and chemical treatments prior to animal immunization. Following seroconversion to OspC, the animals were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 by tick bite. Whereas mice immunized with a soluble, nondenatured form continued to show protection rates close to 100%, mice that had been immunized with denatured antigen were not protected. Furthermore, mice that were immunized with an insoluble (rather than a soluble), nondenatured form of the recombinant OspC showed a protection rate of only 40%. Protective epitope localization experiments showed that either the amino or the carboxy end of the recombinant protein was required to react with a protective OspC-specific monoclonal antibody. The data from these experiments demonstrate that a conformational organization of the protein is essential for the protective capability of the strain B31 OspC immunogen.
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Zhang, Hanyu, Biru Zhang, Yuling Chen, Ying Zhang, Min Qian, Lin Yuan, Yuehong Shen, and Hongyu Yang. "Downregulated hsa_circ_0036988 promotes proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma." Cancer Biomarkers 31, no. 4 (July 16, 2021): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-210082.
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BACKGROUND: As a novel class of endogenous ncRNAs, Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified to be involved in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential function of a candidate circRNA hsa_circ_0036988 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: The altered expression of hsa_circ_0036988 was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in OSCC samples and OSCC cell lines. The associations between the levels of hsa_circ_0036988 and the clinicopathological features were statistically analysed. The function of hsa_circ_0036988 in OSCC were evaluated via a series of in vitro experiments by using constructed plasmids or siRNA. Western blotting assays were conducted to evaluate changes in protein expression levels. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0036988 was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. While low expression of hsa_circ_0036988 was highly correlated with lymph nodes metastasis. Overexpression or knockdown of hsa_circ_0036988 significantly affected the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Furthermore, the altered expression of hsa_circ_0036988 have an impact on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that hsa_circ_0036988 may affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating EMT progress, which might provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OSCC.
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Wang, Xiaoyan, Hong Li, and Jing Shi. "LncRNA HOXA11-AS Promotes Proliferation and Cisplatin Resistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppression of miR-214-3p Expression." BioMed Research International 2019 (May 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8645153.
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Drug resistance to platinum limited therapeutic options for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current study, we investigated the role of lncRNA HOMEOBOX A11 (HOXA11) antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) in OSCC resistance to cisplatin (CDDP). We used clinical tissues and OSCC cell lines and induced CDDP resistance in OSCC cells. Gain and loss of function were performed in OSCC-resistant cells. Xenograft mice were also established. HOXA11-AS expression was increased in OSCC clinical tissues and cell lines and upregulated in CDDP-resistant cells. Upregulation of HOXA11-AS promoted proliferation in CDDP-sensitive cells and inhibited CDDP-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, downregulation of HOXA11-AS decreased proliferation in CDDP-resistant cells and increased CDDP-induced cytotoxicity. Knockdown of HOXA11-AS inhibited the tumor growth in xenograft mice injected by CDDP. Downregulation of HOXA11-AS increased apoptosis and caspase 3 activities in CDDP-resistant OSCC cells. Bioinformatics, reporter assay, and loss and gain of function assay indicated that HOXA11-AS and miR-214-3p could negatively regulate each other. miR-214-3p was decreased in OSCC clinical tissues and cell lines. We further revealed that proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (PIM1) was the target of miR-214-3p. PIM1 expression could be negatively regulated by miR-214-3p and positively regulated by HOXA11-AS. Inhibition of PIM1 suppressed anti-miR-214-3p-induced increase of cell proliferation and decrease of apoptosis. In summary, HOXA11-AS was identified to facilitate CDDP-resistance in OSCC and miR-214-3p/PIM1 was found to be the downstream target of HOXA11-AS. The findings highlight the importance of HOXA11-AS/miR-214-3p/PIM1 axis in the drug resistance of OSCC and provide potential targets for improving chemotherapy of OSCC.
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Kyrodimos, Efthymios, Aristeidis Chrysovergis, Nicholas Mastronikolis, Evangelos Tsiambas, Christos Riziotis, Dimitrios Roukas, Panagiotis Fotiades, et al. "Impact of Chromosome 9 Numerical Imbalances in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Grid-Based Centromere Analysis." Diagnostics 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070501.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered an aggressive malignancy, mainly due to its increased propensity to provide local and distant lymph node metastases. Gross chromosome instability (CI; polysomy/aneuploidy/monosomy), combined or not with specific gene alterations, is implicated in the development and progression of solid malignancies, including OSCC. In order to further study the relationship between these genetic alterations and the aggressive biological behavior of OSCCs, we investigated the frequency and impact of chromosome 9 numerical imbalances in these tumors. Fifty (n = 50) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary OSCC tissue sections were used. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) was implemented for detecting chromosome 9 (CEN—centromere enumeration) numerical alterations. Concerning the screening process in CISH slides, a novel, real-time reference and calibration grid platform was implemented. Chromosome 9 polysomy was observed in 8/50 (16%) tissue sections, whereas the rest of them demonstrated a normal, diploid pattern (42/50; 84%). Chromosome 9 polysomy was associated with the grade of differentiation of the examined tumors (p = 0.036). Chromosome 9 numerical imbalances (polysomy) were observed in sub-groups of OSCCs correlating with a progressive dedifferentiation of the malignant tissues. Concerning the implementation of the proposed grid-based platform as described above on CISH slides, it provides a novel, fast, and accurate screening mapping mechanism for detecting chromosome numerical imbalances.
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Hsu, Cheng-Ming, Pai-Mei Lin, Hsin-Ching Lin, Yao-Te Tsai, Ming-Shao Tsai, Shau-Hsuan Li, Ching-Yuan Wu, Yao-Hsu Yang, Sheng-Fung Lin, and Ming-Yu Yang. "NVP-BEZ235 Attenuated Cell Proliferation and Migration in the Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavities and p70S6K Inhibition Mimics its Effect." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113546.
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NVP-BEZ235 or BEZ235 is a dual inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and is promising for cancer treatment. Because it targets more than one downstream effector, a dual approach is promising for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NVP-BEZ235 in treating oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Two human OSCC cell lines, SCC-4 and SCC-25, were used in this study. PI3K-AKT signaling, proliferation, and cell migratory and invasion capabilities of OSCC cells were examined. In NVP-BEZ235-treated SCC-4 and SCC-25 cells, the phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), but not mTOR, decreased within 24 h. NVP-BEZ235 inhibited OSCC-cell proliferation, migration, and invasion possibly by directly deregulating the phosphorylation of p70S6K. The phospho-p70S6K inhibitor mimicked the effects of NVP-BEZ235 for preventing proliferation and weakening the migratory and invasion abilities of SCC-4 and SCC-25 cells. This study further confirmed the effect of NVP-BEZ235 on OSCC cells and provided a new strategy for controlling the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells using the phopho-p70S6K inhibitor.
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Chang, Kuo-Wei, Wan-Wen Hung, Chung-Hsien Chou, Hsi-Feng Tu, Shi-Rou Chang, Ying-Chieh Liu, Chung-Ji Liu, and Shu-Chun Lin. "LncRNA MIR31HG Drives Oncogenicity by Inhibiting the Limb-Bud and Heart Development Gene (LBH) during Oral Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168383.
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The miR-31 host gene (MIR31HG) encodes a long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) that harbors miR-31 in its intron 2; miR-31 promotes malignant neoplastic progression. Overexpression of MIR31HG and of miR-31 occurs during oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the downstream effectors modulated by MIR31HG during OSCC pathogenesis remain unclear. The present study identifies up-regulation of MIR31HG expression during the potentially premalignant disorder stage of oral carcinogenesis. The potential of MIR31HG to enhance oncogenicity and to activate Wnt and FAK was identified when there was exogenous MIR31HG expression in OSCC cells. Furthermore, OSCC cell subclones with MIR31HG deleted were established using a Crispr/Cas9 strategy. RNA sequencing data obtained from cells expressing MIR31HG, cells with MIR31HG deleted and cells with miR-31 deleted identified 17 candidate genes that seem to be modulated by MIR31HG in OSCC cells. A TCGA database algorithm pinpointed MMP1, BMP2 and Limb-Bud and Heart development (LBH) as effector genes controlled by MIR31HG during OSCC. Exogenous LBH expression decreases tumor cell invasiveness, while knockdown of LBH reverses the oncogenic suppression present in MIR31HG deletion subclones. The study provides novel insights demonstrating the contribution of the MIR31HG-LBH cascade to oral carcinogenesis.
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Eckert, Alexander W., Andreas Schütze, Matthias H. W. Lautner, Helge Taubert, Johannes Schubert, and Udo Bilkenroth. "HIF-1α is a Prognostic Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas." International Journal of Biological Markers 25, no. 2 (April 2010): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460081002500205.
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The critical molecular regulator of hypoxia is the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). The prognostic impact of this regulator protein in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) has not been comprehensively investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of HIF-1α in 82 patients with OSCC and to correlate it with their disease-specific survival. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α was performed on 82 OSCC specimens using a standard immunoperoxidase technique. The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with poor disease-specific survival for OSCC patients. Patients with negatively or weakly HIF-1α–expressing tumors had a survival rate of 80%, whereas the survival decreased to only 33.6% in case of moderate or strong expression. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found a 3.5-fold increased risk of tumor-related death when HIF-1α was strongly expressed (p=0.016) compared to negative or weak expression of HIF-1α. We suggest HIF-1α is an independent prognostic marker in OSCC. Immunohistochemical detection of HIF-1α appears to be useful in the diagnosis of OSCC and to provide prognostic information in addition to TNM stage and histological grade.
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Ahmad, R., M. S. Shamsudin, Mohd Zainizan Sahdan, M. Rusop, and S. M. Sanip. "Green and Economic Transparent Conductive Graphene Electrode for Organic Solar Cell: A Short Review." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.316.
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New market trend for organic solar cell (OSC) require lightweight, cost effective, environmentally friendly and flexible. Transparent conductive electrode (TCE) is a main building block in organic solar cell in determining the device performance. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as transparent conductive material however it has major drawbacks due to relatively expensive, brittle and it limited to use on flexible substrate. This paper provides a short review of the transparent conductive electrode material which required for OSC applications. Issues related with existing TCE material such as ITO is also highlighted. Thus, alternative green material resources which offer low cost, environmentally friendly, mechanically robust and low sheet resistances are strongly required. Graphene is suitable candidate due to their outstanding properties such as good electrical, green material, chemical and thermally stable as well as remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. The performance of transparent graphene electrode using low cost fabrication method which related with electrical, optical and power conversion efficiency was reviewed. We believed this work will provide beneficial input toward the improvement of OSC device performance.
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AKRAM, TAYYABA, SHEN LEI, MUHAMMAD JAMAL HAIDER, and MUHAMMAD WAQAR AKRAM. "WHAT IMPACT DO STRUCTURAL, RELATIONAL AND COGNITIVE ORGANISATIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL HAVE ON EMPLOYEE INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR? A STUDY FROM CHINA." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 02 (February 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500128.
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In this study, researchers proposed that organisational social capital (OSC) have a positive and significant impact on the employee innovative work behaviour. Three forms of OSC i.e., structural, relational and cognitive OSC proposed to have a positive and significant impact on the employee innovative work behavior. To find out how much variance each of these forms of OSC contribute in employee innovative work behaviour, correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied on a sample of 235 employees collected from an IT and computer-based service provider firm situated in China. Results and findings from these analyses significantly and positively supported the three hypotheses of this study. Moreover, structural OSC explained highest variation in dependent variable, employee innovative work behaviour, followed by cognitive and relational OSC respectively. Further, theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
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Kupilas, Benjamin, Francis Burdon, Jens Thaulow, Johnny Håll, Petra Mutinova, Marie Forio, Felix Witing, et al. "Forested Riparian Zones Provide Important Habitat for Fish in Urban Streams." Water 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060877.
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Riparian zones form a boundary between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with disproportionate influences on food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning in both habitats. However, riparian boundaries are frequently degraded by human activities, including urbanization, leading to direct impacts on terrestrial communities and indirect changes that are mediated through altered connectivity with adjacent aquatic ecosystems. We investigated how riparian habitat influences fish communities in an urban context. We electrofished nine urban site pairs with and without forested riparian buffers, alongside an additional 12 sites that were located throughout the river networks in the Oslo Fjord basin, Norway. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) were the dominant fish species. Riparian buffers had weak positive effects on fish densities at low to moderate levels of catchment urbanization, whereas fish were absent from highly polluted streams. Subtle shifts in fish size distributions suggested that riparian buffers play an important role in metapopulation dynamics. Stable isotopes in fish from buffered reaches indicated dietary shifts, pointing to the potential for a greater reliance on terrestrial-sourced carbon. Combining these results, we postulate that spatially-mediated ontogenetic diet shifts may be important for the persistence of brown trout in urban streams. Our results show that using a food web perspective is essential in understanding how riparian buffers can offset impacts in urban catchments.
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Balan, Jude J., and BR Premalatha. "Analysis of Tumor Marker CA 125 in Saliva of Normal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 5 (2012): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1207.
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ABSTRACT Background The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. The use of saliva as an alternative to blood could provide a substantial advantage in sampling convenience. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a tumor-associated antigen found to be increased in epithelial tumors like oral, breast and ovarian cancers. Aim To determine whether salivary CA 125 levels are increased significantly in OSCC patients than the control group. Materials and methods Sixty OSCC patients and 60 healthy controls were taken for the study. Saliva samples from both the groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid were subjected to ELISA for assessment of CA 125. The mean salivary CA 125 values of OSCC patients and control group were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The mean salivary CA 125 concentration of OSCC group was 320.25 and that of control group was 33.14. Thus, CA 125 was found to be significantly increased in the saliva of OSCC patients than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was significant increase in the CA 125 levels as the stage of OSCC increased. Conclusion The convenience, reliability and noninvasive nature of salivary CA 125 testing makes it a feasible adjunctive diagnostic tool for detection of OSCC. How to cite this article Balan JJ, Rao RS, Premalatha BR, Patil S. Analysis of Tumor Marker CA 125 in Saliva of Normal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):671-675.
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Pai, Shin, Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, Yen-Kuang Lin, Chun-Shu Lin, Pei-Yi Chu, Ming-Hsien Chien, Liang-Shun Wang, Michael Hsiao, Chi-Tai Yeh, and Jo-Ting Tsai. "CD47-SIRPα Signaling Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness and Links to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cells 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121658.
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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with high mortality rates, is one of the most diagnosed head and neck cancers. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two keys for therapy-resistance, relapse, and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)47 is associated with cell-death evasion and metastasis; however, the role of CD47 in the generation of CSCs in OSCC is not clear. Methods: We investigated the functional roles of CD47 in OSCC cell lines SAS, TW2.6, HSC-3, and FaDu using the bioinformatics approach, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and assays for cellular migration, invasion, colony, and orosphere formation, as well as radiosensitivity. Results: We demonstrated increased expression of CD47 in OSCC patients was associated with an estimated poorly survival disadvantage (p = 0.0391) and positively correlated with the expression of pluripotency factors. Silencing CD47 significantly suppressed cell viability and orosphere formation, accompanied by a downregulated expression of CD133, SRY-Box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), and c-Myc. In addition, CD47-silenced OSCC cells showed reduced EMT, migration, and clonogenicity reflected by increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin, Slug, Snail, and N-cadherin expression. Conclusion: Of therapeutic relevance, CD47 knockdown enhanced the anti-OSCC effect of radiotherapy. Collectively, we showed an increased CD47 expression promoted the generation of CSCs and malignant OSCC phenotypes. Silencing CD47, in combination with radiation, could provide an alternative and improved therapeutic efficacy for OSCC patients.
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Oleśków-Szłapka, Joanna, Irena Pawłyszyn, and Joanna Przybylska. "Sustainable Urban Mobility in Poznan and Oslo-Actual State and Development Perspectives." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 6510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166510.
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The main goal of this paper is to present and analyze approaches for sustainable urban mobility in Poznan and Oslo. The topic of sustainable urban transport as well as green mobility is currently important from formal perspectives, due to European regulations, and because of ecological conditions and resulting climate changes. The research methodology implemented includes analysis of the literature on the research subject; analysis of EU documents and national policies with respect to financing and development of sustainable urban transport (SUT); development of a questionnaire on SUT in Oslo and Poznan, using the questionnaire to collect opinions on SUTs in Oslo and Poznan, and analyzing respondents’ answers, defining recommendations concerning future activities for urban sustainability in the surveyed cities. The authors provide a review of the actual sustainable urban mobility situations in Oslo and Poznan, compare government support and sources of funding, identify gaps in terms of EU requirements, and try to compare the residents’ expectations with the city’s activities in the field of sustainable transport development. The research group includes students residing in both cities. The group constitutes 10–20% of the total number of inhabitants in cities being the subject of research. The empirical part investigates what their preferences are regarding the use of public transport in the context of sustainable development. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be stated that a sustainable urban mobility is one of the key development directions in Poland and Norway. The respondents see opportunities for developing green mobility in their cities as well as municipalities and the national government encouraging a sustainable urban transport. The implementation of the principles of sustainable development and reconstruction of city development strategy can be achieved by the cooperation of all stakeholders (namely: national government, municipalities, public transport providers, city residents).
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Mouakhar, Khaireddine, and Albéric Tellier. "How do Open Source software companies respond to institutional pressures? A business model perspective." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 30, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 534–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-05-2015-0041.
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Purpose Open Source software companies (OSSCs) are confronted with institutional pressures from Open Source software (OSS) communities. They must find an acceptable balance between the expectations of these communities and their own business model. However, there are still few studies that try to analyse the OSSC business models. The purpose of this paper is to highlight OSSC typical business models by using rich empirical data. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a combination of quantitative analysis of a sample of 66 OSSCs and qualitative analysis of three typical situations resulting from that sample. Findings The quantitative study enables the authors to highlight three typical business models. The in-depth study of three typical cases enables the authors to specify these OSSC business models. The authors can distinguish four key dimensions: the relationship developed with the OSS communities, the strategic manoeuvres made, the key resources and competitive positioning. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that it is possible for firms to accommodate both profit and non-profit logics using different strategic manoeuvres to position themselves with regard to the Open Source institutional environment. Such accommodation requires the development of key resources and the adoption of suitable competitive positioning. Practical implications This study allows the authors to highlight two main practical contributions for OSSCs’ directors. First, the different manoeuvres identified may help them to ensure coherence between their strategic choices and the business model chosen. Second, the results can help OSSC founders identify value creation mechanisms more clearly by analysing four key variables. Originality/value This paper provides new insight about OSSCs business models. It aggregates four dimensions that provide a more “fine-grained” analysis of business models, while other studies often emphasise one dimension (usually the regime of appropriability).
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Lindemann, A., H. Takahashi, A. A. Patel, A. A. Osman, and J. N. Myers. "Targeting the DNA Damage Response in OSCC with TP53 Mutations." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518759068.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer worldwide and in the United States. OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with head and neck cancers. Tobacco and alcohol consumption alone or with chewing betel nut are potential risk factors contributing to the high prevalence of OSCC. Multimodality therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and radiotherapy, particularly intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), are the current treatments for OSCC patients. Despite recent advances in these treatment modalities, the overall survival remains poor over the past years. Recent data from whole-exome sequencing reveal that TP53 is commonly mutated in human papillomavirus–negative OSCC patients. Furthermore, these data stressed the importance of the TP53 gene in suppressing the development and progression of OSCC. Clinically, TP53 mutations are largely associated with poor survival and tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in OSCC patients, which makes the TP53 mutation status a potentially useful molecular marker prognostic and predictive of clinical response in these patients. Several forms of DNA damage have been shown to activate p53, including those generated by ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. The DNA damage stabilizes p53 in part via the DNA damage signaling pathway that involves sensor kinases, including ATM and ATR and effector kinases, such as Chk1/2 and Wee1, which leads to posttranscriptional regulation of a variety of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and senescence. Here, we discuss the link of TP53 mutations with treatment outcome and survival in OSCC patients. We also provide evidence that small-molecule inhibitors of critical proteins that regulate DNA damage repair and replication stress during the cell cycle progression, as well as other molecules that restore wild-type p53 activity to mutant p53, can be exploited as novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of OSCC patients bearing p53 mutant tumors.