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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oscillating head'
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1
Franc, Tadeáš. "Návrh pendlovací hlavy pro plošné navařování Inconelu 625." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443225.
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This diploma thesis deals with the structural design and production of a oscillating head for surface welding of a protective layer of Inconel® 625 superalloy on membrane walls. The design is preceded by a research for possible variants of the solution. Of the two designs, one was successfully manufactured and assembled, and incentives for future improvements were set. For easy optimization and testing of the device, an oscillating motion program was created in the LinMoT Talk 6.9 software. The production costs for the manufactured equipment were then calculated and the recommended selling price was determined, based on a general calculation formula. The result of the project is a functional device, a proposal for its control and a technical - economic evaluation of the production process.
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Hathaway, Aaron A. Ma Hongbin. "Uneven turns oscillating heat pipes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6532.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 17, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Hongbin Ma. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Wilson, Corey A. "Experimental investigation of nanofluid oscillating heat pipes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4553.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
4
Cheng, Peng Ma Hongbin. "Theoretial [sic] analysis of oscillating motion, heat transfer, minimum meniscus radius and charging procedure in an oscillating heat pipe." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6634.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Hongbin Ma. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pachalla, Seshadri Rajagopal. "Analysis of oscillating flow cooled SMA actuator." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2669.
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Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a group of metallic alloys that have the ability to return to some previously defined shape or size when subjected to an appropriate thermal cycling procedure. In recent years there has been a lot of research on the development of small, light and, yet, powerful actuators for use in areas like robotics, prosthetics, biomimetics, shape control and grippers. Many of the miniaturized conventional actuators do not have sufficient power output to be useful and SMAs can be used advantageously here.
The widespread use of SMAs in actuators is limited by their low bandwidth. Use of SMAs in two-way actuators requires that they undergo thermal cycling (heating and cooling). While SMAs can be heated quickly by resistive heating, conventional convection cooling mechanisms are much slower as the exothermic austenitic to martensitic phase transformation is accompanied by the release of significant amount of latent heat.
While a number of cooling mechanisms have been studied in SMA actuator literature, most of the cooling mechanisms involve unidirectional forced convection. This may not be the most effective method. Oscillating flow in a channel can sometimes enhance heat transfer over a unidirectional flow. One possible explanation for this heat transfer enhancement is that the oscillatory flow creates a very thin Stokes viscous boundary-layer and hence a large time-dependent transverse temperature gradient at the heated wall. Therefore heat transfer takes place at a large temperature difference, thereby enhancing the heat transfer.
In this work, the heat transfer from an SMA actuator under an oscillating channel is investigated and is compared to steady, unidirectional flow heat transfer.
Oscillating flow is simulated using a finite volume based method. The resulting velocity field is made use of in solving the heat transfer problem using a finite difference scheme. A parametric study is undertaken to identify the optimal flow conditions required to produce the maximum output for a given geometry of the SMA actuator. The latent heat of transformation of the SMA is accounted for by means of a temperature dependent specific heat.
6
Liang, Shibin. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of oscillating heat pipes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4560.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
7
Jeong, Eun S. "Heat transfer with oscillating pressure in reciprocating machinery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13259.
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Su, Yan. "Numerical simulations on natural convection from a heated oscillating circular cylinder /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20SU.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
9
Amin, Norsarahaida. "Oscillation-induced mean flows and heat transfer." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329339.
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Vincent, Christopher John. "Compact oscillating heat pipe and development of fuzzy copper or wicking structures." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5695.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
11
Cheng, Peter D. L. (Peter Dien Leung). "Experiments in heat transfer under conditions of oscillating pressure and flow." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35458.
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Grassmyer, William Alan. "Experiments in heat transfer under conditions of oscillating pressure and flow." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35981.
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Rahman, Aevelina. "Characterization of Heat Transfer Enhancement for an Oscillating Flat Plate-Fin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98919.
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Heat transfer augmentation is of paramount importance in energy transfer and storage systems and the idea of using the inherent vibrations in a system to enhance heat transfer needs to be thoroughly researched upon. The current study numerically investigates an infinitesimally thin plate-fin undergoing forced oscillations over a range of amplitudes and frequencies in the presence of an approach flow. Reduced frequencies of 0.25 ≤ k ≤16 and plunge amplitudes of 0.03125 ≤ h ≤ 8 are investigated at Re=100 and Pr = 0.71. It is shown that the combined effect of frequency and amplitude on heat transfer enhancement can be accounted for as a single parameter “plunge velocity” (0.25 ≤ kh ≤ 4) instead of the individual frequency and amplitude values. For kh > 0.5 a significant increase in Nusselt number ( is observed compared to a stationary plate. With increasing kh or more vigorous oscillations, the increase in becomes more prominent and similar trends and comparable magnitudes were observed for a constant value. Unlike the hydrodynamic counterpart of the study, both Leading Edge Vortices (LEVs) and Trailing Edge Vortices (TEVs) are found to act positively to induce enhanced heat transfer on the plate. Finally, the dependence of heat transfer augmentation on the frequency and amplitude of vibration is quantified with a simple parameterization for a plate-fin in a fluid medium.M.S.
Heat transfer enhancement is of paramount importance in energy transfer and storage systems. The idea of using the inherent mechanical vibrations in a heat producing system to enhance transfer of unwanted heat from that system needs to be thoroughly researched upon. To investigate this idea, we numerically study an infinitesimally thin plate-fin undergoing forced oscillations over a range of amplitudes and frequencies in the presence of an incoming air flow. It is shown that the combined effect of frequency and amplitude on heat transfer enhancement can be accounted for as a single parameter called “plunge velocity” instead of the individual frequency and amplitude values. For a significant plunge velocity, a significant increase in Nusselt number ( is observed compared to a stationary plate representing an increase in the extent of heat transferred. With more vigorous oscillations, the increase in becomes more prominent and similar trends and comparable magnitudes were observed for a constant value. Finally, the dependence of heat transfer augmentation on the frequency and amplitude of vibration is quantified with a simple parameterization for a plate-fin in a fluid medium.
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Foo, Ser Jee. "Theoretical study of heat distribution and surface temperatures generated in oscillating contact." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063051/.
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Tziranis, Alexander Konstantinos 1968. "Temperature, heat flux, and velocity measurements in oscillating flows with pressure variations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12790.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1992.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-101).
by Alexander Konstantinos Tziranis.
M.S.
16
Tørklep, Anders Mathias. "Pressure oscillations during start and stop of a high head Francis turbine." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19323.
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Start and stop procedures affect pressure oscillations throughout a hydropower plant. A desire to study how pressure oscillations behave during these dynamic conditions was the basis of this report. Instrumentation, experimentation and measurement analysis was conducted on a Francis model turbine in the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU. Eight pressure transducers were calibrated and used during the experiments. Two transducers were installed in the draft tube below the turbine. One was placed in the vaneless space between the guide vanes and the impeller vanes. Three pressure transducers on an impeller vane and two transducers located at the inlet were also included in the experiments. Frequency analysis (PSD) was carried out for all the measurements to explore various pressure oscillations. Except for the low frequent oscillations (< 30 Hz), definite frequencies repeatedly dominated the frequency domain during start/stop as well as for steady state operation. The impeller vane oscillation showed an increase in pressure amplitude during guide vane closing. A bigger amplitude increase was registered for BEP than for part load and full load operation. The guide vane frequency was located in and only in the runner. The amplitude of the guide vane frequency was significant and was located for all studied operational points. The power of this oscillation decreased during guide vane closing. One specific frequency arose the question of an overtone phenomenon for the water hammer oscillation, a phenomenon, were the fundamental frequency is three times higher than the customary water hammer frequency.
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Stowe, Robert Alan. "Heat transfer from a circular cylinder subject to an oscillating crossflow as in a stirling engine regenerator." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26741.
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An experiment was designed and carried out on the fundamental, but poorly understood problem of oscillating flow past a single, transverse, circular cylinder. This is an approximation of the flow about a single element in a matrix-type regenerator used in Stirling-cycle engines. The experimental rig was designed and built to allow tests to be carried out for the wide range of fluid flow parameters characteristic of various Stirling engines. The influence of these parameters on convective heat transfer rates was measured so the approximate effects of these same parameters on a Stirling engine regenerator could be determined. The main conclusion from the experiment was that average Nusselt numbers, based on test-cylinder diameter and subject to flow conditions similar to those found in Stirling engine regenerators, were 40 to 80% higher than those predicted by a steady flow correlation, for a given Reynolds number. This may be due to the high levels of turbulence generated near the test-cylinder. A secondary conclusion is that the compression and expansion of the working fluid due to a 90 degree phase angle difference between the motion of the pistons raises convective heat transfer rates from the test-cylinder substantially over the 180 degree phase angle, or "sloshing" motion case.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Yoon, Il. "Two-phase flow dynamics by real-time neutron imaging in oscillating heat pipe." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5694.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
19
Yeboah, Siegfried Kwame. "An integrated packed bed-oscillating heat pipe system for energy efficient isothermal adsorption processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48342/.
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Energy use in buildings accounts for a large portion of global and regional energy demand and energy-related CO2 emissions. To steer the world towards a low carbon future, the development of new and more efficient technologies is required. In hot and humid climates, the high latent heat loads results in uncomfortable and unhealthy indoor environments, accounting for 30% to 50% of standard air conditioning energy requirements. Physical adsorption of water vapour on solid desiccants is found to offer an energy efficient alternative to conventional dehumidification process using standard air conditioning systems. However, the isosteric heat of adsorption released increases the surface vapour pressure of the solid desiccants resulting in a decreased adsorption capacity. In packed beds of solid desiccants, this heat of adsorption increases the bed temperature, exit air temperature and exit air humidity ratio subsequently imposing an increased cooling load requirement and high energy requirement in the regeneration of the solid desiccants. In literature, several approaches used in removing in situ the heat of adsorption released in packed bed systems were fraught with several limitations. To this end, an integrated packed bed-oscillating heat pipe (OHP) system was proposed. The concept was for the evaporator of the OHP to remove the heat of adsorption generated by the packed bed and reject at its condenser towards an energy efficient isothermal adsorption process. To achieve this, theoretical investigations of the individual systems and the integrated systems preceded experimental testing of a rig set up in the laboratory. For the theoretical studies, the OHP was helically coiled at both ends, filled with ethanol, methanol and water working fluids respectively at 50% volume fraction and numerically investigated using the Eulerian Volume of Fluid (VOF) model in ANSYS Fluent R15.0. The packed bed on the other hand was configured as a Heggs et al (1994) Z-type flow arrangement for enhanced radial flow using the Porous Media model in ANSYS Fluent R15.0 set up with the properties of Silica Gel. ANSYS Fluent R15.0 System Coupling limitations led to the development of mathematical models for the prediction of the integrated system performance. The experimental investigations were in line with the theoretical only in this case the optimum working fluid, deionized water, was used as the main working fluid in the helically coiled OHP (HCOHP). The results showed reasonable agreement between the performance of the numerical model and experimental prototype. The HCOHPs were capable of passively removing heat from the packed bed systems. Mean bed temperature reduction between the integrated packed bed-HCOHP system and corresponding individual packed bed configurations were about 5.61°C, 9.48°C and 10.14°C respectively for the large annulus (LAPB), medium annulus (MAPB) and small annulus (SAPB) packed bed configurations. Average packed bed outlet temperature reductions of about 6.61°C, 9.19°C and 6.29°C were also achieved for the respective configurations. A validation of the theoretical model showed average temperature difference of about 5.60°C between the experimental prototype of the integrated system and results predicted using experimental packed bed temperature data and HCOHP thermal resistance. Compared to other similar systems in literature, the integrated packed bed-HCOHP system showed capacity to passively remove significant amounts of the heat of adsorption released in silica gel packed beds towards isothermal adsorption.
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El, Kasmi Amina. "Application de la méthode des ordonnées discrètes au transfert radiatif dans des géométries bidimensionnelles complexes : couplage rayonnement-convection /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Gurer, Turker. "Numerical Investigation Of Incompressible Flow In Grooved Channels- Heat Transfer Enhancment By Self Sustained Oscillatins." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604891/index.pdf.
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In this study, forced convection cooling of package of 2-D parallel boards with heat generating chips is investigated. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimal board-to-board spacing to maintain the temperature of the components below the allowable temperature limit and maximize the rate of heat transfer from parallel heat generating boards cooled by forced convection under constant pressure drop across the package. Constant heat flux and constant wall temperature boundary conditions on the chips are applied for laminar and turbulent flows.
Finite elements method is used to solve the governing continuity, momentum and energy equations. Ansys-Flotran computational fluid dynamics solver is utilized to obtain the numerical results. The solution approach and results are compared with the experimental, numerical and theoretical results in the literature.
The results are presented for both the laminar and turbulent flows. Laminar flow results improve existing relations in the literature. It introduces the effect of chip spacing on the optimum board spacing and corresponding maximum heat transfer. Turbulent flow results are original in the sense that a complete solution of turbulent flow through the boards with discrete heat sources with constant temperature and constant heat flux boundary conditions are obtained for the first time. Moreover, optimization of board-to-board spacing and maximum heat transfer rate is introduced, including the effects of chip spacing.
22
Bowers, Earl Clayton. "Investigation of a heat driven thermoacoustic prime mover above onset of self-oscillation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28310.
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Dean, Charles Edwin. "Establishing baseline data for an experimental apparatus that measures heat transfer under conditions of oscillating pressure and flow." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38726.
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Bankim, Subhash Chander [Verfasser], and Surjo [Akademischer Betreuer] Soekadar. "Assessment of whole-head magnetoencephalography during transcranial electric entrainment of brain oscillations / Subhash Chander Bankim ; Betreuer: Surjo Soekadar." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168729769/34.
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Ahmed, Nisaar. "Thermo-fluid modelling of electrical generator frames under forced convection in an oscillating water column environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31363.
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This PhD involved computational fluid dynamic simulations of finned generators cooling under forced convection in an oscillating water column environment. Various design changes to the upstream Wells turbine and its effect on the consequent cooling of the generator were investigated. Simulations were run in steady-state to obtain an initial condition, thereafter, unsteady simulations revealed a steadying of heat transfer over the course of multiple blade rotation cycles. This justified the use of steady-state for the remaining simulations over a range of flow coefficients. The results revealed that the heat transfer from the generator increased for tighter blade tip clearances, thicker blade profiles and greater turbine solidity. The heat transfer was found to increase with rising flow rate coefficient, which was adjusted by increasing the inlet velocity whilst maintaining the angular velocity of the turbine at a constant 2000 RPM. Additionally, the variation of turbine angular velocity at a fixed flow rate coefficient was investigated, the heat transfer was also found to increase with angular velocity, albeit by a far lesser extent. The inclusion of the Wells turbine upstream of the generator was investigated initially and was found to increase heat transfer due to the resulting impingement of airflow across the generator. In all design scenarios in which the heat transfer increases, there is also an observed increase in the mass flow rate of air, radially, towards the generator.
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Sato, Yuki. "Quantum oscillations and charge-neutral fermions in Kondo insulator YbB₁₂." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263447.
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Hayes, Benjamin Zed. "Experimental study of the effect of channel orientation and flow oscillations on nucleate boiling heat transfer and the critical heat flux." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1383482001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Monin, Thomas. "Études de systèmes thermo-fluidiques auto-oscillants pour des applications de récupération d'énergie thermique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11868.
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Les progrès technologiques considérables menés depuis ces dernières décennies
nous permettent aujourd’hui de disséminer dans notre environnement une nuée de
noeuds de capteurs communicants combinant la taille micrométrique et la consommation
dérisoire caractéristiques des MEMS avec la puissance des protocoles de
communications Internet. L’Internet des Objets, formé par ce réseau de capteurs,
possède le potentiel d‘optimiser un grand panel d’applications industrielles et domotiques.
Le nouveau défi, que la communauté du Energy Harvesting tente de relever
depuis une décennie maintenant, est de rendre ces noeuds de capteurs autonomes
en les alimentant grâce à l’énergie perdue dans leur environnement.
Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous explorons le potentiel d’un principe thermo-fluidique
auto-oscillant pour la génération d’énergie utile à partir d’une source thermique
de faible qualité. L’implémentation de cette technologie en tant que machine
thermique est étudiée et mène à la caractérisation d’un nouveau cycle thermodynamique
caractéristique du SOFHE (Self Oscillating Fluidic Heat Engine).
Nous montrons, par une approche phénoménologique, que notre machine thermique
se comporte comme un oscillateur mécanique, excité par les évaporations
et condensations successives du fluide de travail. Ces changements de phase alternatifs
mettent en mouvement une colonne d’eau, jouant le rôle de masse, couplée
à une zone de vapeur, jouant le rôle d’un ressort.
Une étude de l’influence du couplage du SOFHE avec un transducteur électromécanique,
représenté par un oscillateur, mène à la conception et la fabrication d’une spirale
piézoélectrique. L’intégration de cette spirale à notre machine thermique forme
un générateur thermo-électrique dont les capacités de conversion sont démontrées
par la charge d’une capacité.
Finalement, la miniaturisation du principe thermo-fluidique SOFHE est rendue possible
par la réalisation d’un procédé de fabrication utilisant les techniques MEMS.
Des dispositifs miniatures parviennent à exhiber un comportement oscillatoire montrant
le potentiel d’intégration de cette technologie.Abstract : The tremendous technological progresses realized in the last decades allow us to swarm our environment with Wireless Sensors Networks. These WSNs combine the MEMS’ miniature size and low energy consumption, and the powerful Internet communication protocols. This Internet of Things shows great potential in many applications such as industry or housing. For a decade now, the Energy Harvesting community wants to build autonomous WSNs by enabling them to feed off energy wastes. In this work, we study the electricity generation capabilities of a Self-Oscillating Fluidic Heat Engine (SOFHE) and present its characteristic thermodynamic cycle. Our model shows that the SOFHE acts as a mechanical resonator excited by the successive evaporation and condensation processes underwent by the working fluid. These phase changes put a liquid mass in motion, coupled with a vapor spring. The coupling of our heat engine with an electromechanical transducer is studied and leads to a piezoelectric spiral conception and fabrication. Their association forms a thermo-electrical generator able to power and charge an electrical capacitor. Eventually, we demonstrate the miniaturization prospects and integration potential of this SOFHE technology. A micro-fabrication process enables a SOFHE MEMS implementation. Our process includes a deep glass wet etching step as well as a Au-Si eutectic wafer bonding.
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Lyu, Sixiang. "Theoretical and Experimental Characterizationof a Soft Polymer Heat Exchanger forWastewater Heat Recovery." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280803.
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Wastewater released from showers, sinks, and washers contains a considerable amount of wasteheat that can be recovered by using a heat exchanger. Conventional metal heat exchangers for wastewater heat recovery have common problems of corrosion, fouling and clogging, which makes it necessary to develop a new type of heat exchanger for such low-grade thermalenergy recovery applications. This study deals with a novel patented polymer heat exchanger (WO2020049233A1) made of soft polyurethane tubes that are capable of oscillation once subjected to external forces. Laboratory tests coupled with theoretical analyses show a stable global heat transfer coefficient of 100-110 W/m2·K, in between the ideal parallel flow and crossflow heat exchangers. The theoretical calculations indicate that the performance of polymer heat exchanger can achieve 62-92% of the performance of titanium, aluminium, and copperheat exchangers with the same dimensions and working conditions. It further reveals that the performance of the soft heat exchanger can be enhanced by 30% when it is under oscillation. In addition, the results of thermal resistance study show that the total thermal resistance issignificantly higher in the model of parallel flow than in crossflow. Moreover, in the parallel flow, the external convective thermal resistance appears to be the dominant one instead of heat conduction through the wall material.Avloppsvatten som rinner ut från duschar, diskhoar och tvättmaskiner innehåller en betydande mängd spillvärme som kan återvinnas med hjälp av en värmeväxlare. Konventionella metallvärmeväxlare för värmeåtervinning av avloppsvatten har vanliga problem med korrosion, förorening och förstoppning, vilket gör det nödvändigt att utveckla en ny typ av värmeväxlare för applikationer med låg värmeåtervinning. Denna studie behandlar en ny patenterad polymervärmeväxlare (WO2020049233A1) tillverkad av mjuka polyuretanrör som tål vibrationer som ett resultat av yttre krafter. Laboratorietester tillsammans med teoretiska analyser visar en stabil global värmeöverföringskoefficient på 100-110 W/m2·K, mellan det ideala parallella flödet och tvärflödesvärmeväxlarna. De teoretiska beräkningarna indikerar att en prestanda hos polymervärmeväxlare kan uppnå 62-92% av prestanda för titan-, aluminiumoch kopparvärmeväxlare med samma dimensioner och arbetsförhållanden. Det visar sig att den mjuka värmeväxlarens prestanda kan förbättras med 30% när den vibrerar. Dessutom visar resultaten från studien med termisk resistens att det totala värmemotståndet är betydligt högre i modellen för parallellt flöde jämfört med tvärflöde. I det parallella flödet verkar dessutom det externa konvektiva värmemotståndet vara det dominerande i stället för värmeledning genom väggmaterialet.
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Park, Han G. Gharib Morteza. "A study of heat transport processes in the wake of a stationary and oscillating circular cylinder using digital particle image velocimetry/thermometry /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1998. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04132004-150955.
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Tillery, Steven W. "Enhanced boiling heat transfer by submerged, vibration induced jets." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7080.
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In this analysis, the efficacy of cavitation jets for heat transfer enhancement was demonstrated. The cavitation jet was formed from a cluster of cavitation bubbles that are the result of a submerged piezoelectric diaphragms oscillating about a given velocity threshold Two different heaters operating in two different flow environments were examined. For each heater in each environment, the cavitation jet significantly increased the heat transfer
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Fourgeaud, Laura. "Analyse de la dynamique du film liquide dans un caloduc oscillant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY038/document.
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Nous étudions expérimentalement le comportement d'un film liquide, dit de Landau-Levich, lorsqu'il s'évapore dans une atmosphère constituée uniquement de sa vapeur.La dynamique de ce type de film est un paramètre-clef qui gouverne le fonctionnement des caloducs oscillant (en anglais PHP - Pulsating Heat Pipes). Les PHP sont des liens thermiques de forte conductance. Les recherches récentes leur attribuent un pouvoir de refroidissement très élevé, ce qui les rend particulièrement convoités par l'industrie. Leur géométrie est simple : il s'agit d'un tube capillaire enroulé en plusieurs branches entre une partie froide (condenseur) et une partie chaude (évaporateur). Le tube est rempli d'un fluide pur diphasique, c'est-à-dire présent sous la forme d'une succession de bulles de vapeur et de bouchons de liquide. Lorsque la différence de température entre l’évaporateur et le condenseur dépasse un certain seuil, les bulles et bouchons commencent à osciller dans le tube, entre les deux parties, ce qui permet au PHP de transférer la chaleur.Notre installation expérimentale représente un PHP dans sa configuration la plus simple, à branche unique. Une interface liquide-vapeur oscille dans un tube de section rectangulaire, et dépose un film liquide à chaque passage. Nous nous intéressons au mécanisme qui permet l'entretien de l'oscillation de l'interface, et fixe sa fréquence. L'équation de mouvement obtenue prend en compte la dissipation visqueuse engendrée par un écoulement oscillant. Dans les modèles actuels de PHP, l'hypothèse d'un écoulement de type Poiseuille est formulée. Or, notre approche montre que l'hypothèse d'un écoulement faiblement inertiel est mieux adaptée, conduit à une dissipation deux fois supérieure.Le dispositif expérimental permet l'observation du film. Une combinaison originale de méthodes optiques permet également de mesurer sa longueur et son épaisseur, et de reconstruire son profil 3D à chaque instant. Nous pouvons suivre l'évolution du film tout au long de sa durée de vie, et ainsi analyser son comportement dynamique. Le film est presque plat (pente inférieure à 0,1°). Sur toute sa longueur, qui est de quelques centimètres, cela correspond à une variation de son épaisseur de moitié, la valeur moyenne étant de 50 microns. Sous l'effet du chauffage, le film se rétracte progressivement. Dès le début de son évaporation, un bourrelet de démouillage est formé sur le pourtour du film, près de la ligne triple. L'apparition de ce bourrelet est caractéristique d'un démouillage visqueux sous conditions de non-mouillage. Ce comportement est surprenant, dans la mesure où nous avons choisi un fluide mouillant parfaitement la paroi en conditions isothermes. A l'échelle nanométrique, au plus près de la ligne triple, l'angle de contact entre le liquide et la paroi est donc très faible. Nous mesurons cependant un grand angle apparent (c'est-à-dire visible à l'échelle millimétrique), qui augmente avec la surchauffe de la paroi. Dès l'augmentation de cet angle, le bourrelet de démouillage se forme, et le film se rétracte. Ce phénomène est expliqué par l'évaporation à l'échelle microscopique. Les résultats expérimentaux sont en accord quantitatif avec la théorie développée par d'autres chercheursWe experimentally study the behavior of liquid films - so called Landau-Levich films - when they evaporate in their pure vapor atmosphere.The dynamics of this film is a key parameter that rules out the functioning of Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs). PHPs are high conductive thermal links. Their heat transfert capability is known to be extremely high. For this reason they are promising for numerous industrial applications. Their geometry is simple. It is a capillary tube bent in several branches that meander between a hot part (called evaporator) and a cold part (called condenser), and filled up with a pure two-phase fluid. When the temperature difference between evaporator and condenser exceeds a certain threshold, gas bubbles and liquid plugs begin to oscillate spontaneously back and forth inside the tube and PHP starts transferring the heat.Our experimental setup features the simplest, single branch PHP. A liquid/vapor interface oscillates in a tube. It deposits a liquid film at each passage. We focus first on the mecanism which makes possible self-sustained interface oscillations and defines its frequency. The obtained motion equation accounts for the viscous dissipation caused by oscillatory flow. In existing PHP modelling, a laminar flow is supposed. Yet, our approach shows that the assumption of weakly inertial flow is preferable and leads to a dissipation rate twice larger that the Poiseuille flow.The experimental setup allows the film visualization. An original combination of optical measurement techniques lets us measure the film length, thickness and 3D-profile at all times. The film evolution has been measured during its whole lifetime. The film is nearly flat (its slope is smaller than 0,1°). The film length is of several centimeters, and the average thickness is 50 microns. Thus, along the total length, its thickness decreases by half. Under heating conditions, the film gradually recedes. A dewetting ridge is formed, near the triple contact line. Such a behavior is typical under non-wetting conditions. At the nanometric scale the contact angle between the liquid and the solid wall is very low. However, we measure a large apparent contact angle (visible at the millimetric scale) which increases with the wall superheating. Once this angle increases, the dewetting ridge is formed and the film recedes. The large apparent contact angle is explained by evaporation in the microscopic vicinity of the contact line. The measured apparent contact angle value agrees quantitatively with theoretical results obtained by other researchers
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Meunier, Alexandre. "Contribution théorique et expérimentale à l'étude d’un système magnétocalorique : application au développement d'un prototype industriel de pompe à chaleur." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2031/document.
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Le projet porte sur le développement d'une pompe à chaleur magnétocalorique pour l'entreprise NextPAC. Une étude a été réalisée sur les transferts thermiques se déroulant dans le régénérateur de la pompe. Cette étude a permis de développer un modèle numérique permettant de simuler les échanges thermiques au sein du régénérateur et de développer un démonstrateur afin de pouvoir réaliser des mesures thermiques sur un matériau magnétocalorique échangeant avec un fluide caloporteur en écoulement alterné. De plus, une étude critique et approfondie a été réalisée sur le premier prototype de NextPAC afin d'évaluer son bon fonctionnement. De nombreuses propositions d'amélioration ont été proposées pour la réalisation d'un second prototypeThe project involves the development of a magnetocaloric heat pump for the NextPAC company. A study has been realized on the thermal transfers in the pump's regenerator. This study allowed us to develop a digital model that simulates the thermal exchanges in the regeneratot and to develop a demonstrator in order to collect thermal measurements of a magnetocaloric material. This last exchanges heat transfers with an oscillating fluid flow. Moreover, a study on a first industrial prototype hads been carry out in order to check and to show improvements that have to be carry out fo a second planned prototype
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Saeidi, Seyed Mahdi Khodadadi J. M. "Fluid flow and heat transfer in cavities with inlet and outlet ports effect of flow oscillation and application to design of microvalves /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%208-8-07/SAEIDI_SEYED_37.pdf.
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Anderson, Ross William. "Subthreshold Oscillations and Persistent Activity Modulate Spike Output in the Rodent Dentate Gyrus." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1415229722.
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Gadiraju, Siddhartha. "Study of Lean Blowout Limits and Effects of Near Blowout Oscillations on Flow Field and Heat Transfer on Gas Turbine Combustor." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82480.
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Modern gas turbine combustors implement lean premixed (LPM) combustion system to reduce the formation of NOx pollutants. LPM technology has advanced to have the ability to produce extremely low level of NOx emissions. The current focus of research on LPM is focused on reducing the NOx emission to much smaller scales, which is mandated because of the stricter regulations and environmental concerns. However, LPM combustors are susceptible to lean blowout (LBO), and other corresponding instabilities as the combustor is operated lean. Therefore, it is essential to understand the LBO limits and dynamics of flow in lean operating conditions. One of the other primary parameters for the improved combustion chamber designs is an accurate characterization of the heat loads on the liner walls in the wide range of operating conditions. Currently, there are very limited studies on the flame side heat transfer in reacting conditions. Current gas turbine combustion technology primarily focuses on burning natural gas as the gas fuel option for industrial systems. However, interest in utilizing additional options due to environmental regulations as well as concerns about energy security have motivated interest in using fuel gases that have blends of Methane, Propane, H2, CO, CO2, and N2. For example, fuel blends of 35%/60% to 55%/35% of CH4/CO2 are typically seen in Landfill gases. Syngas fuels are typically composed primarily of H2, CO, and N2. Gases from anaerobic digestion of sewage, used commonly in wastewater treatment plants, usually have 65–75% CH4 with the balance being N2.
The objective of this study is to understand the LBO limits and the effects of the instabilities that arise (called near blowout oscillations) as the combustor is operated lean. Near blowout oscillations arise as the equivalence ratio is reduced. These oscillations are characterized by continuous blowout and re-ignition events happening at low frequencies. The low-frequency oscillations have very high-pressure amplitude and can potentially damage the liner wall. The impact of the near blowout oscillations on the flow field and heat transfer on the liner walls are studied. To accomplish this, the experiments were conducted at Advanced Propulsion and Power laboratory located at Virginia Tech. A lean premixed, swirl stabilized fuel nozzle designed with central pilot hub was used for the study. Additionally, this work also studies the lean blowout limits with fuel blends of CH4-C3H8, CH4-CO2, and CH4-N2 and also their effect on the stability limits as the pilot fuel percentage was changed.
Flow field during near blowout oscillations was studied using planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) and flame shapes and locations during these oscillations was studied by using high-speed imaging of the flame. A statistical tool called proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was utilized to post-process the PIV data and high-speed imaging data. Heat transfer on the liner walls was studied using a transient IR thermography methodology. The heat transfer on the liner wall during the near blowout instabilities was resolved. LBO limits and near blowout oscillations were characterized by studying the pressure measurements in the primary combustor region.
Fluctuating heat loads on the liner walls with the same frequency as that of near blowout instabilities was observed. The magnitude of fluctuation was found to be very high. Phase sorted POD reconstructed flame images demonstrated the location of the flame during near blowout oscillations. Thus, blowout and re-ignition events are resolved from the high-speed flame images. POD reconstructed flow field from the PIV data demonstrated the statistically significant flow structures during near blowout oscillations. A hypothesis for the mechanism of near blowout oscillations was explained based on the measurements and observations made.
Lean Blowout limits (LBO) changed when the percentage of pilot and air flow rates was changed. As the pilot percentage increased, LBO limits improved. Results on the study of fuel mixtures demonstrate that the addition of propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide has minimal effect on when the flame becomes unstable in lean operating conditions. However, on the other hand, the addition of diluent gas showed a potential blowout at higher operating conditions. It was also observed that Wobbe index might not be a good representation for fuels to study the fuel interchangeability in lean operating conditions.Ph. D.
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Varga, Adrienn Gabriella. "The Neural Basis of Head Direction and Spatial Context in the Insect Central Complex." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1487249074487484.
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Wang, Xionghui. "Experimental Investigation of Self-Excited Instabilities in Liquid-Fueled Swirl Combustion." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1516361245616083.
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Mejia, Daniel. "Effets de la température de paroi sur la réponse de la flamme à des oscillations acoustiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0026/document.
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Les instabilités de combustion induites par le couplage combustion-acoustique se produisent dans de nombreux systèmes industriels et domestiques tels que les chaudières, les turbines à gaz et les moteurs de fusée. Ces instabilités se traduisent par des fluctuations de pression et un dégagement de chaleur qui peuvent provoquer une défaillance mécanique ou des dégâts désastreux dans certains cas extrêmes. Ces phénomènes ont été largement étudiés par le passé, et les mécanismes responsables du couplage ont déjà été identifiés. Cependant, il apparaît que la plupart des systèmes se comportent différemment lors du démarrage à froid ou en régime permanent. Le couplage entre la température des parois et les instabilités de combustion reste encore méconnu et n’a pas été étudié en détail jusqu’à présent. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, on s’intéresse à ce mécanisme. Ces travaux présentent une étude expérimentale des instabilités de combustion pour une flamme laminaire de pré-mélange stabilisée sur un brûleur à fente. Pour certaines conditions de fonctionnement, le système présente un mode instable autour du mode de Helmholtz du brûleur. Il est démontré que l’instabilité peut être contrôlée, et même supprimée, en changeant uniquement la température de la surface du brûleur. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire peut être mise en œuvre afin d’identifier les paramètres jouant un rôle dans les mécanismes d’instabilité, et il est possible de modéliser analytiquement les phénomènes observés expérimentalement. Des études expérimentales détaillées de différents processus élémentaires impliqués dans le couplage thermo-acoustique ont été menées pour évaluer la sensibilité de ces paramètres à la température de la paroi. Enfin un modèle théorique du couplage entre le transfert de chaleur instationnaire à la paroi et la fluctuation du pied de flamme a été proposé. Par ailleurs, d’autres mesures expérimentales ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes physiques responsables de la dépendance de la réponse de la flamme à la température de paroiCombustion instabilities, induced by the resonant coupling of acoustics and combustion occur in many practical systems such as domestic boilers, gas turbine and rocket engines. They produce pressure and heat release fluctuations that in some extreme cases can provoke mechanical failure or catastrophic damage. These phenomena have been extensively studied in the past, and the basic driving and coupling mechanisms have already been identified. However, it is well known that most systems behave differently at cold start and in the permanent regime and the coupling between the temperature of the solid material and combustion instabilities still remains unclear. The aim of this thesis is to study this mechanism. This work presents an experimental investigation of combustion instabilities for a laminar premixed flame stabilized on a slot burner with controlled wall temperature. For certain operating conditions, the system exhibits a combustion instability locked on the Helmholtz mode of the burner. It is shown that this instability can be controlled and even suppressed by changing solely the temperature of the burner rim. A linear stability analysis is used to identify the parameters playing a role in the resonant coupling and retrieves the features observed experimentally. Detailed experimental studies of the different elementary processes involved in the thermo-acoustic coupling are used to evaluate the sensitivity of these parameters to the wall temperature. Finally a theoretical model of unsteady heat transfer from the flame root to the burner-rim and detailed experimental measurements permit to establish the physical mechanism for the temperature dependance on the flame response
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Cordillet, Sophie. "Modélisation et dimensionnement d'un récepteur solaire pour un système de production de froid par voie thermoacoustique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843581.
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Son efficacité, son faible impact environnemental et sa fiabilité font de la réfrigération thermoacoustique solaire une alternative intéressante aux systèmes solaires de production de froid. L'adaptation des technologies solaire et thermoacoustique requiert une conception thermique précise de l'élément d'interface, le récepteur solaire, constitué d'une cavité et d'un échangeur irradié par le rayonnement solaire. L'objectif de cet élément est de collecter et de transmettre efficacement l'énergie solaire incidente au fluide de travail du système thermoacoustique. Comme les ondes acoustiques sont très sensibles aux perturbations thermiques, la conception du récepteur doit favoriser l'homogénéité thermique, spatiale et temporelle, à l'intérieur de l'échangeur. Pour cette raison, une étude complète incluant le développement d'outils numériques de simulation pour modéliser le processus thermique, du transfert solaire au transfert thermoacoustique est nécessaire afin d'optimiser les dimensions du prototype de la campagne expérimentale. Cette étude décrit les outils de simulation ainsi que les dispositifs expérimentaux comme les résultats obtenus sur les aspects spatiaux et temporels.
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Rao, Manoj. "Thermo-hydrodynamics of an extended meniscus as unit-cell approach of pulsating heat pipe." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0080/document.
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Ce travail fait une tentative pour expliquer les oscillations induites thermiquement auto-entretenue d'un système à deux phases constitué d'un liquide-vapeur confinée ménisque isolé (un bouchon de liquide unique attenant à une bulle de vapeur) à l'intérieur d'un tube capillaire circulaire, la longueur du tube être exposé à un gradient de température net, créant ainsi un cycle continu de l'évaporation et la condensation. Ce système représente la simple « unité-cellule" version d'un caloduc oscillant (PHP). La compréhension fondamentale de son comportement de transport menant à oscillations auto-soutenue est essentielle pour la construction des modèles mathématiques jusque-là inexistants du système PHP complet. Tout d'abord, la visualisation des oscillations de l'unité de cellules a été effectuée dans des conditions aux limites thermiques contrôlées. Ici, une compréhension nouvelle et unique de la dynamique du système a été atteint par une synchronisation en temps réel de la mesure de pression interne avec la vidéographie haute vitesse qui a été utilisé pour visualiser et enregistrer les oscillations du ménisque et le mince film de liquide qui est mis sur le mur lorsque le ménisque quitte l'évaporateur. Un modèle numérique a été développé pour le système constitué par un bouchon de vapeur et un bouchon de liquide oscillant dans un tube fermé à une extrémité et relié à un réservoir à une pression constante à l'autre extrémité. Le principe de modélisation avait été posé lors de travaux antérieurs. Quelques modifications ont été jamais moins introduites dans ce travail pour prendre en compte les particularités de la nouvelle expérimental et pour améliorer le liquide modèle film de l'évaporation à la lumière des résultats expérimentaux. Une étude paramétrique a également été réalisée pour comprendre les implications des différents facteurs sur le fonctionnement d'un tel systèmeThis work makes an attempt to explain the self-sustained thermally-induced oscillations of a two-phase system consisting of an isolated confined liquid–vapour meniscus (a single liquid plug adjoining a vapour bubble) inside a circular capillary tube, the tube length being exposed to a net temperature gradient, thereby creating a continuous cycle of evaporation and condensation. This system represents the simplest ‘unit-cell’ version of a Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP). The fundamental understanding of its transport behavior leading to self-sustained oscillations is vital for building the hitherto non-existent mathematical models of the complete PHP system. First, visualization of the oscillations of the unit-cell has been done under controlled thermal boundary conditions. Here, a unique and novel understanding of the system dynamics has been achieved by real-time synchronization of the internal pressure measurement with high-speed videography that was used to visualize and record the meniscus oscillations and the thin liquid film that is laid on the wall when the meniscus leaves the evaporator. A numerical model was developed for the system consisting of a vapour plug and a liquid slug oscillating in a tube closed at one end and connected to a reservoir at a constant pressure at the other end. The modeling principle had been posed in previous work. Some modifications were never the less introduced in this work to take into account the peculiarities of the new experimental set-up and to improve the liquid film evaporation model in the light of the experimental results. Also a parametric study was carried out to understand the implications of the various factors on the working of such system
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Oberdorfer, Phillip [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Sauter, and Ekkehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Holzbecher. "Heat Transport Phenomena in Shallow Geothermal Boreholes : Development of a Numerical Model and a Novel Extension for the Thermal Response Test Method by Applying Oscillating Excitations / Phillip Oberdorfer. Gutachter: Martin Sauter ; Ekkehard Holzbecher. Betreuer: Martin Sauter." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047932245/34.
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Zuluaga-Arias, Manuel D. "Spatial and temporal distribution of latent heating in the South Asian monsoon region." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31753.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Peter J. Webster; Committee Member: Judith A. Curry; Committee Member: Robert X. Black. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Leão, Hugo Leonardo Souza Lara. "Análise experimental dos efeitos do fluido e da orientação do escoamento no desempenho de dissipadores de calor baseados na ebulição convectiva em microcanais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-19082014-102054/.
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A pesquisa realizada envolveu a avaliação experimental dos efeitos do fluido e da orientação do escoamento no desempenho de um dissipador de calor baseado na ebulição convectiva em microcanais. Estes dissipadores de calor são usados como uma nova aplicação para a refrigeração dos novos dispositivos eletrônicos que geram altas taxas de calor. Efetuou-se inicialmente uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o escoamento monofásico e a ebulição convectiva em microcanais e em multi-microcanais através da qual levantou-se os principais métodos de previsão do coeficiente de transferência de calor e da perda de pressão. Então, utilizando o aparato experimental desenvolvido durante o mestrado de Do Nascimento (2012) avaliou-se a transferência de calor e perda de pressão de um dissipador de calor baseado em multi-microcanais paralelos. O dissipador de calor avaliado possui 50 microcanais retangulares dispostos paralelamente com 15 mm de comprimento, 100 µm de largura, 500 µm de altura e espaçados de 200 µm. Ensaios experimentais foram executados para o R245fa, fluido de baixa pressão utilizado em ciclos frigoríficos de baixa pressão, e R407C, fluido de alta pressão usado para conforto térmico, temperatura de saturação de 25 e 31°C, velocidades mássicas de 400 a 1500 kg/m²s, graus de subresfriamento do líquido de 5, 10 e 15°C, título de vapor máximo de até 0,38, fluxos de calor de até 350 kW/m², e para 3 orientações diferentes do dissipador de calor, horizontal, vertical com os canais alinhados horizontalmente e vertical com escoamento ascendente. Os resultados obtidos foram parametricamente analisados e comparados com métodos da literatura. Coeficientes de transferência de calor médios de até 35 kW/m² °C foram obtidos. Resultados adquiridos para o R245fa e R407C foram inferiores aos levantados por Do Nascimento (2012) para o R134a utilizando o mesmo dissipador. O fluido R407C apresentou frequências e amplitudes de oscilações inferiores aos fluidos R134a e R245fa. Nenhum método para o coeficiente de transferência de calor e perda de pressão proporcionou previsões satisfatórias dos dados experimentais. O modelo Homogêneo com viscosidade da mistura bifásica dada por Cicchitti et al. (1960) apresentou as melhores previsões da perda de pressão, já para o coeficiente de transferência de calor, os métodos de Bertsch et al. (2009) e Liu e Winterton (1991) apresentaram as melhores previsões. O dissipador com sua base posicionada horizontalmente fornece coeficientes de transferência de calor superiores enquanto sua base na vertical e escoamento ascendente verificam-se perdas de pressão inferiores. Imagens do escoamento bifásico foram obtidas com uma câmera de alta velocidade e analisadas.This study presents an experimental investigation on the effect of the fluid and the footprint orientation on the performance of a heat spreader based on flow boiling inside micro-scale channels. This heat spreader is used in an electronics cooling application with high-power density. Initially an extensive investigation of the literature concerning single-phase and two-phase flow inside a single microchannels and multi-microchannels was performed. In this literature review the leading predictive methods for heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are described. The experimental study was carried out in the apparatus developed by Do Nascimento (2012). The heat sink evaluated in the present study is comprised of fifty parallel rectangular microchannels with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 µm width and of 500 µm depth, and total length of 15 mm. The fins between consecutive microchannels are 200 µm thick. Experimental tests were performed for R245fa, low-pressure fluid used in low pressure refrigeration cycles, and R407C, high-pressure fluid used for heat comfort, saturation temperature of 25 and 31°C, mass velocities from 400 to 1500 kg/m² s, degrees of subcooling of the liquid of 5, 10 and 15°C, outlet vapor quality up to 0.38, heat fluxes up to 350 kW/m², and for the following footprint heat sink orientations: horizontal, vertical with the microchannels aligned horizontally and vertical with upward flow. The results were parametrically analyzed and compared again the predictive methods from literature. Average heat transfer coefficients up to 35 kW/m² °C were obtained. The results for R134a from Do Nascimento (2012) for the same heat sink presented heat transfer coefficients higher than R245fa and R407C. The fluid R407C presented oscillation of the temperature due to thermal instability effects with lower frequency and amplitude lower than R134a, and R245fa. None predictive method provided satisfactory heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop predictions of the experimental data. The Homogeneous model with the viscosity given by Cicchitti et al. (1960) provided the best pressure drop prediction while the heat transfer coefficient was best predicted by Bertsch et al. (2009) and Liu and Winterton (1991). The horizontal orientation of the footprint provided the highest heat transfer coefficients while the vertical footprint orientation with upward flow the lowest pressure drops. Images of the two-phase flow were obtained with a high-speed camera and analyzed.
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Zhou, Limin. "ASSESSING AND MITIGATING AIRBORNE NOISE FROM POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/22.
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This dissertation examines the assessment and mitigation of airborne noise from power generation equipment.
The first half of the dissertation investigates the diagnosis and treatment of combustion oscillations in boilers. Sound is produced by the flame and is reflected downstream from the combustion chamber. The reflected sound waves perturb the mixture flow or equivalence ratio increasing the heat release pulsations and the accompanying sound produced by the flame. A feedback loop model for determining the likelihood of and diagnosing combustion oscillations was reviewed, enhanced, and then validated. The current work applies the feedback loop stability model to two boilers, which exhibited combustion oscillations. Additionally, a feedback loop model was developed for equivalence ratio fluctuations and validated. For the first boiler, the combustion oscillation problem is primarily related to the geometry of the burner and the intake system. For the second boiler, the model indicated that the combustion oscillations were due to equivalence ratio fluctuations. Principles for both measuring and simulating the acoustic impedance are summarized. An approach for including the effect of structural-acoustic coupling was developed. Additionally, a method for determining the impedance above the plane wave cut-off frequency, using the acoustic FEM, of the boiler was proposed.
The second half of the dissertation examines the modeling of bar silencers. Bar silencers are used to mitigate the airborne noise from large power generation equipment (especially gas turbines). Due to the large dimensions of the full cross section, a small representative cell is isolated from the entire array for analysis purposes. To predict the acoustical performance of the isolated cell for different geometric configurations, a numerical method based on the direct mixed-body boundary element method (BEM) was used. An analytical solution for a simplified circular geometry was also derived to serve as a comparison tool for the BEM. Additionally, a parametric study focusing on the effects of flow resistivity, perforate porosity, length of bars, and cross-sectional area ratio was performed. A new approach was proposed to evaluate the transmission loss based on a reciprocal work identity. Moreover, extension of the transmission loss computation above the plane wave cut-off frequency was demonstrated.
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Khaled, Abdul Rahim Assaad Mr. "Non-isothermal characterization of squeezed thin films in the presence of biofluids and suspended ultrafine particles." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1071085983.
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Barrier, Nicolas. "Variability of the ocean circulation in the North-Atlantic in response to atmospheric weather regimes." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0064/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est d’analyser les impacts de la variabilité atmosphérique grande échelle sur la circulation océanique. Ceci a déjà fait l’objet de nombreuses publications, dans lesquelles la variabilité atmosphérique est analysée en termes de modes de variabilité, déterminés par analyse en composantes principales (EOF en anglais) des anomalies de pression de surface. Ces modes sont l’Oscillation Nord-Atlantic (NAO), le Pattern Est-Atlantique (EAP) et le Pattern Scandinave (SCAN). La décomposition en EOF implique que les modes sont orthogonaux et symétriques. Cette dernière hypothèse a été montrée comme étant invalide pour la NAO. Par conséquent, un nouveau concept est proposé dans cette étude pour estimer la variabilité atmosphérique, celui des régimes de temps. Ces derniers sont des structures spatiales de grande échelle, récurrents et quasi-Stationnaires qui permettent de capturer la variabilité des forçages atmosphériques. De plus, ils permettent de séparer les patterns spatiaux des deux phases de la NAO. Ces régimes de temps sont donc une alternative prometteuse pour l’analyse de la variabilité océanique forcée par l’atmosphère. A partir d’observation et de modèles numériques (réalistes ou idéalisés), nous avons montré que les régimes Atlantic Ridge (AR), NAO− et NAO+ induisent une réponse rapide (échelles mensuelles à interannuelles) des gyres subtropical et subpolaire (via un mécanisme de Sverdrup topographique) et de la cellule de retournement (MOC, ajustement aux anomalies de transport d’Ekman). Aux échelles décennales, le gyre subpolaire s’intensifie lors de conditions NAO+ et BLK persistantes via un ajustement barocline aux flux de flottabilité et s’affaiblit pour AR via un ajustement barocline aux anomalies de rotationnel de vent. Ce dernier mécanisme explique aussi l’augmentation du gyre subtropical pour une NAO+ persistante et son affaiblissement pour un AR persistant. La réponse des gyres pour des conditions de NAO− persistantes est un déplacement vers le sud des gyres (l’intergyre gyre). L’intensité de la MOC est augmentée pour des conditions de NAO+ et BLK persistantes, dû à l’augmentation de la formation d’eau dense en mer du Labrador, et inversement pour NAO− et AR. Finalement, des bilans de contenu de chaleur dans la gyre subpolaire et les mers nordiques ont été effectués dans quatre modèles océaniques globaux. Les moyennes d’hiver de convergence océanique de chaleur dans la partie ouest de la gyre subpolaire sont positivement corrélées aux occurrences d’hiver de NAO−, ce qui est dû à la présence de l’intergyre, tandis que cette convergence est négativement corrélée aux occurrences d’AR, ce qui est dû à la réduction des deux gyres qui lui est associée. Les flux de chaleur vers l’océan dans la gyre subpolaire sont négativement corrélés aux occurrences d’hiver de la NAO+ et inversement pour la NAO−. Dans les mers Nordiques, ils sont positivement corrélés aux occurrences de BLK et, dans une moindre mesure, aux occurrences de AR. De plus, nous suggérons que la variabilité du contenu de chaleur dans la partie ouest du gyre subpolaire est la réponse décalée (lag de 6 ans) à l’intégration temporelle du forçage lié au régime NAO+, due à la combinaison de la réponse en phase (0-Lag) des flux de chaleur et à la réponse décalée (lag de 3 ans) de la convergence de chaleurThe aim of the PhD is to investigate the impacts of the large-Scale atmospheric variability on the North- Atlantic ocean circulation. This question has already been addressed in a large number of studies, in which the atmospheric variability is decomposed into modes of variability, determined by decomposing sea-Level pressure anomalies into Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOFs). These modes of variability are the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East-Atlantic Pattern (EAP) and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAN). EOF decomposition assumes that the modes are orthogonal and symmetric. The latter assumption, however, has been shown to be inadequate for the NAO. Hence, a different framework is used in this study to assess the atmospheric variability, the so-Called weather regimes. These are large-Scale, recurrent and quasi-Stationary atmospheric patterns that have been shown to capture well the interannual and decadal variability of atmospheric forcing to the ocean. Furthermore, they allow to separate the spatial patterns of the positive and negative NAO phases. Hence, these weather regimes are a promising alternative to modes of variability in the study of the ocean response to atmospheric variability. Using observations and numerical models (realistic or in idealised settings), we have shown that the Atlantic Ridge (AR), NAO− and NAO+ regimes drive a fast (monthly to interannual) wind-Driven response of the subtropical and subpolar gyres (topographic Sverdrup balance) and of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC, driven by Ekman transport anomalies). At decadal timescales, the subpolar gyre strengthens for persistent NAO+ and Scandinavian Blocking (BLK) conditions via baroclinic adjustment to buoyancy fluxes and slackens for persistent AR conditions via baroclinic adjustment to wind-Stress curl anomalies. The latter mechanism also accounts for the strengthening of the subtropical gyre for persistent NAO+ conditions and its weakening for persistent AR conditions. The gyres response to persistent NAO− conditions reflects the southward shift of the gyre system (the intergyre gyre). The MOC spins-Up for persistent NAO+ and BLK conditions via increased deep water formation in the Labrador Sea, and conversely for the NAO− and AR regimes. Last, heat budget calculations in the subpolar gyre and the Nordic Seas have been performed using four global ocean hindcasts. The winter averaged heat convergence in the western subpolar gyre is positively correlated with the NAO− winter occurrences, which is due to the intergyregyre circulation, while it is negatively correlated with AR winter occurrences, because of the wind-Driven reduction of both gyres. Downward surface heat flux anomalies are negatively correlated with NAO+ occurrences, and conversely for the NAO−. In the Nordic Seas, they are positively correlated with BLK and to a lesser extent AR occurrences. Furthermore, we suggest that the heat content variability in the western subpolar gyre is the signature of the delayed response (6-Year lag) to the time-Integrated NAO+ forcing, due to the combination of the immediate (0-Lag) response of surface heat flux and the lagged (3 year lag) response of ocean heat convergence
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De, la Cruz Sanchez Carmen Mariella. "Utilisation de conduites de séchage oscillantes pour réduire les contraintes liées au retrait du bois." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0068/document.
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La maîtrise du procédé séchage, étape essentielle dans la transformation du bois, est devenue incontournable pour la filière bois. Cette thèse propose l'utilisation de conduites de séchage oscillantes pour réduire les contraintes de séchage liées au retrait par l'activation du fluage mécanosorptif. A ce jour, la meilleure façon d'appliquer les conduites oscillantes représente un défi pour la communauté scientifique. Dans ce travail, nous avons choisi comme matériel d'étude une essence feuillue fortement utilisée dans la filière et très susceptible aux déformations lors du séchage : le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica). L'effet des conduites oscillantes sur les contraintes de séchage est étudié par une approche expérimentale et par une approche théorique, articulées en trois parties : - Un premier volet expérimental sur un séchoir semi – industriel pour saisir l'effet global des conduites oscillantes à l'échelle d'une pile de planches. L'amélioration de la qualité du bois séché s'est avérée par : une meilleure homogénéité de la teneur en eau finale inter et intra-planche, la diminution des déformations globales et la diminution des contraintes résiduelles exprimées par le gap du « slicing test ». - Ensuite, nous avons développé un volet théorique sur la base de modélisations analytique et numérique pour étudier l'évolution des champs de teneur en eau et de contraintes mécaniques au sein d'une planche lorsque les conditions climatiques oscillent. Une formulation analytique simple, adaptée aux conduites oscillantes, est proposée pour les utilisateurs de séchoirs n'ayant pas accès à un outil numérique sophistiqué. L'approche numérique effectuée avec l'outil de simulation TransPore permet une étude plus réaliste du séchage oscillant. Ainsi, le module mécanique de TransPore a été utilisé pour dégager des configurations pertinentes de séchage permettant d'étudier l'effet des conduites oscillantes sur la relaxation des contraintes. - Enfin, un second volet expérimental a été réalisé sur un séchoir de laboratoire, à l'échelle d'une planche, pour tester les informations issues du volet théorique. Un dispositif de séchage dissymétrique (flying wood) et deux dispositifs de séchage sous charge (poutre cantilever et flexion trois points) ont été utilisés pour étudier l'effet des oscillations. Toutefois, ces essais ne permettent pas de montrer clairement l'effet des oscillations sur la relaxation des contraintes. La confrontation entre les résultats expérimentaux à l'échelle d'une planche et la simulation numérique a mis en évidence l'effet conséquent des oscillations parasites de faibles période et amplitude sur les résultats expérimentaux, provoquées par la régulation du séchoir. Des modifications du modèle de comportement mécanique différé ont été proposées en perspectives de ce travail afin de mieux saisir le comportement observé expérimentalementWood drying is an essential process in the wood industry. A perfect control of wood drying is nowadays very important for the wood industry. In this study, we propose the utilization of oscillating drying conditions to reduce the drying stresses induced by wood shrinkage by activating the mechanosorptive creep. The best way to apply this concept remains an open question in the scientific community. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica), one of the most commonly used hardwood in France, was chosen for this study owing its elevated risk of drying defaults. The effect of oscillating conditions on drying stresses inside the boards was studied by both an experimental and a theoretical approach, structured in three parts: - A first experimental part realized with a semi – industrial kiln in order to study the global effect of oscillating conditions at the stack scale. Improvement of the quality of dried wood was showed by the best homogeneity of water content inside the board and among the boards and by the decrease of global deformations and residual stresses expressed by the gap measured by the slicing test. - The study was continued with a theoretical part based on analytical and numerical modeling to understand the development of internal heat and mass transfers inside the boards and the evolution of drying stresses during oscillating conditions. A simple analytical model adapted to the oscillating conditions was proposed, particularly for kiln users who don't have access to sophisticated numerical tools. The numerical approach used the simulation tool TransPore, able to simulate oscillating drying in more realistic conditions. Its mechanical module was used to set accurate drying schedules to study the effect of oscillating conditions on stresses relaxation. - Finally, a second experimental part was performed in a laboratory scale kiln, at the board scale, to test the information obtained theoretically. A non-symmetrical drying device (flying wood) and two different loaded drying devices (cantilever beam test and three points bending) were used to study the effect of oscillations. However, it is difficult to see the oscillating conditions effect on the stresses relaxation. The confrontation between experimental results at the board scale and the numerical simulation showed the significant effect produced on experimental results by parasite oscillations of small periods and intensities, originated by the kiln regulation. Further work should consider some modifications of the time dependent mechanical behavior model in order to capture the experimentally observed behavior
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Gay, Laura. "Processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck et son supremum : quelques résultats théoriques et application au risque climatique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC025/document.
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Prévoir et estimer le risque de canicule est un enjeu politique majeur. Évaluer la probabilité d'apparition des canicules et leurs sévérités serait possible en connaissant la température en temps continu. Cependant, les extrêmes journaliers (maxima et minima) sont parfois les seules données disponibles. Pour modéliser la dynamique des températures, il est courant d'utiliser un processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck. Une estimation des paramètres de ce processus n'utilisant que les suprema journaliers observés est proposée. Cette nouvelle approche se base sur une minimisation des moindres carrés faisant intervenir la fonction de répartition du supremum. Les mesures de risque liées aux canicules sont ensuite obtenues numériquement. Pour exprimer explicitement ces mesures de risque, il peut être utile d'avoir la loi jointe du processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck et de son supremum. L'étude se limite tout d'abord à la fonction de répartition / densité jointe du point final du processus et de son supremum. Cette probabilité admet une densité, solution de l'équation de Fokker-Planck, obtenue explicitement et utilisant les fonctions spéciales paraboliques cylindriques. La preuve de l'expression de la densité repose sur une décomposition sur une base hilbertienne de l'espace via une méthode spectrale. On étudie également le processus d'Ornstein-Uhlenbeck oscillant, dont le paramètre de drift est constant par morceaux selon le signe du processus. La transformée de Laplace du temps d'atteinte de ce processus est déterminée et la probabilité que le processus soit positif en un temps donné est calculéeForecasting and assessing the risk of heat waves is a crucial public policy stake. Evaluate the probability of heat waves and their severity can be possible by knowing the temperature in continuous time. However, daily extremes (maxima and minima) might be the only available data. The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is commonly used to model temperature dynamic. An estimation of the process parameters using only daily observed suprema of temperatures is proposed here. This new approach is based on a least square minimization using the cumulative distribution function of the supremum. Risk measures related to heat waves are then obtained numerically. In order to calculate explicitly those risk measures, it can be useful to have the joint law of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and its supremum. The study is _rst limited to the joint density / distribution of the endpoint and supremum of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. This probability admits a density, solution of the Fokker-Planck equation and explicitly obtained as an expansion involving parabolic cylinder functions. The proof of the density expression relies on a decomposition on a Hilbert basis of the space via a spectral method. We also study the oscillating Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which drift parameter is piecewise constant depending on the sign of the process. The Laplace transform of this process hitting time is determined and we also calculate the probability for the process to be positive on a fixed time
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連信宏. "Enhancement of Heat Transfer On a Oscillating Piston Head with Porous Media." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17848853722480735323.
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