Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Os du bras et de l’avant-bras'
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Pontonnier, Charles. "Simulation mécanique pour l’analyse ergonomique des postes de travail : cas du coude et de l’avant-bras." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538688.
Full textWorkstations design has a direct impact on working conditions. Ergonomics takes an important place in the industry. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) appear more and more frequently as working diseases. The purpose of this thesis is the design of motion analysis tools of the upper extremity that can be used to improve the ergonomics of workstations and decrease the risks of MSD appearance. The main contributions presented in this thesis are: A biomechanical model of the upper extremity based on functional anatomy ; A complete processing chain, from capture to motion to muscle forces, in an inverse dynamics approach ; The definition and the evaluation of additional constraints that can simulate the co-activation of the antagonism muscles ; The presentation and the evaluation of an muscle forces computation method based on interpolation ; The definition and the evaluation of an ergonomic criterion usable to evaluate the painfulness of a motion
Letier, Pierre. "Bras exosquelette haptique: conception et contrôle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210096.
Full textL’objectif de cette thèse est la conception d’une interface haptique de type exosquelette pour le bras, pour ces missions de téléopération à retour de force. Ce système doit permettre une commande intuitive du robot téléopéré tout en reproduisant
le plus fidèlement possible les efforts.
Les chapitres 2 et 3 présentent les études réalisées sur un banc de test à 1 degré de liberté, destinées à comprendre le contrôle haptique ainsi qu’à évaluer différentes technologies d’actionnements et de capteurs. Les principales méthodes de contrôle sont décrites théoriquement et comparées en pratique sur le banc de test. Les
chapitres 4 et 5 décrivent le développement de l’exosquelette SAM destiné aux futures applications de téléopération spatiale. La conception cinématique, le choix des actionneurs et des capteurs sont décrits. Différentes méthodes de contrôle sont également comparées avec des expériences de réalité virtuelle (sans robot esclave) et de téléopération. Pour finir, le chapitre 6 présente le projet EXOSTATION, un démonstrateur de téléopération haptique spatiale, dans lequel SAM est utilisé comme interface maître.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Slayman, Mayada. "Bras articulé et distributions multi-drapeaux spéciaux." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS021.
Full textThe work of this thesis concerns a kinematic modeling of special multi-flags distributions and the classification of their singularities. These distributions are obtained locally by successive generalized Cartan prolongations starting from fibre tangent to a K+1-dimensional space. They constitute a generalization of Goursat distributions. Goursat distributions possess a complete classification describing all their types of singularities which also admit a geometrical interpretation. These distributions admit kind of universal kinematic model, the car with n trailers. This model contains all the possible classes of germs, and the stratification of its singular locus describes all geometric classes of singularities. The purpose of this thesis is to show that the problem of modeling car with n trailers can be generalized to the problem of modeling kinematic problem for an articulated arm, such that to this model is naturally associated a special K-flag distribution. We build a first type of singularities which is characterized in terms of kinematic properties. Then we refine some singularities into geometric classes which can be considered as a generalization of F. Jean's results. In fact these singularities correspond to those defined by P. Mormul for special multi-flags distributions
Déziel, Pierrette. "Validation d'une grille d'observation du comportement non-verbal en considérant les mouvements des bras et des avant-bras." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1985. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6031/1/000551606.pdf.
Full textDamm, Loïc. "Modulation de l'impédance du bras : stratégies et mécanismes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066137.
Full textAubin, Agnès. "Modélisation, identification, et commande du bras manipulateur TAM." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0095.
Full textVan, Den Bossche Eric. "Etude et commande adaptative d'un bras manipulateur souple." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610554w.
Full textVoisembert, Sebastien. "Conception et modélisation d'un bras d'inspection robotisé ultraléger." Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0049.
Full textOne of the major challenges in robotics is the improvement of inspections operations in confined and hazardous area using unmanned remote handling systems. Articulated arm are used in this case to carry some diagnostic tools for the inspection tasks. These long reach multi-link carriers should be characterized by a large workspace and reduced mass. Today, with about ten degrees of freedom and ten meters long they have reached their performance limit. Indeed, for long reach ,the arm should have enough torque to carry its own weight plus the payload in cantilever mode and enough stiffness to minimize the deflection caused by the gravity. Despite the use of best materials and components, this kind of robot has reach its performance limit. Overcoming this limit needs a change in paradigms. Therefore a problem-solving, analysis and forecasting tool TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) is used. It leads naturally to identify the origin of the dilemma: the proper weight of the arm and so its mass under gravity. In particular, it proposes to postulate that a no-mass robot exists. An analysis of the properties of such a robot leads to the patented concept of an ultra light inflatable robot with unique and constant volume and constant diameter joints. This new object would benefit from advantages such as easy implementation, harmlessness toward its environment and so the ability to lean on it without damage. Therefore it could easily increase its range and its foreseen low-cost building would open a wide field of new applications. This thesis work, elaborates appropriate technical concepts and dimensioning methods for ultra light inflatable robots. The payload and length performances of an inflatable robot are analytically validated. Experimentations and a finite-element modeling are used for a pre-dimensioning of the joints and different modes of construction are prototyped in partnership with, specialized company in thigh-tech textile. The joints are also modeled with a simple mass-spring system for time efficient simulations of deflections under load of a DOF inflatable robot. Actuators and sensors are pre-designed and an original cable transmission is developed. Finally, the geometric and kinematic models are built and we set the control problem of such a robot for future works
Mas, Josiane. "Darius Milhaud, du "Bras d'or" au "Bœuf sur le toit"." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040018.
Full textThe first thirty years of Darius Milhaud's life were the melting-pot of his future; the man and his creative genius were to be found right at the heart of the emotional and aesthetic trends of his period; therefore, one could not fail to notice their repercussions on his intellectual and artistic development at the dawning of a life so abounding in creation. The early revelation of a strong creative temperament gave rise to copious and varied works : as early as 1923, eighty-two numbers of opus, demonstrating every character, every style and every kind of music, with such famous contributors as Francis Jammes, Paul Claudel or André Gide. If the pre-war period was that of apprenticeship of the opening to the musical world and of the first achievements however unskillful, the self-imposed exile in Rio during 1917-1918 allowed him to ascertain his own capabilities and even to reach a certain maturity. Guided by his instinct, he aimed at a complete freedom : freedom of the melody that had once again become modal, departure from the conventions of harmony, independence from the superimposed sound levels etc. . . The violence, the coarseness of certain aggregations some polytonal others not, the provocative insensibility sometimes displayed in his music, unite with the clarity of his orchestration that forsakes half-tones for the stridency of the timbres of the orchestra of soloists in an orgy of colors and a brightness so reminiscent of the south. To him, melody was the main component of the whole sound element but his lyricism remained balanced and showed a certain serenity. In the twenties, Milhaud's message was not only the "method", which was to remain his own, but was also a curiosity, an unflagging availability, an unashamed independence, together with a youthful joy and impatience to create
Champagne, Bénédicte. "Recherche d'un gène oncosuppresseur situé sur le bras chromosomique humain 9p." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212670.
Full textLavoie, Marc-André. "Développement et contrôle d'un bras robotique basé sur l'actionneur différentiel élastique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1494.
Full textDelebarre, Xavier. "Commandes position et force de deux bras manipulateurs pour l'exploration planétaire." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20088.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Tra. "Identification et commande d'un bras flexible à deux degrés de liberté." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0057.
Full textCoppin, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation du mouvement naturel humain : validation expérimentale et application au bras." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0237.
Full textLarocque, Melissa. "L'hybridité dans le roman autochtone: Le Bras coupé, Nipishish et Ourse bleue." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34671.
Full textBouzgou, Kamel. "Contribution à l'architecture, la modélisation et la commande d'un bras manipulateur aérien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG012.
Full textUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), progressively used by different military and commercial tasks, have the possibility to move in a 3D environment in Cartesian coordinates to assist humans, inspect dangerous areas or photography. Some of these missions require contact with the environment, such as handling objects in flight. In order to accomplish this kind of mission, that thesis made it possible to consider and design a dual system consisting of a manipulator arm connected to the base of a multirotor. The main problem resulting from this new structure involves the ability to stabilize the mechanism concurrently with a permanent change in its inertia due to the movement of the manipulator. In this manuscript, a new concept of the aerial manipulator is proposed, capable of stabilizing the system with the implementation of a prismatic joint to operate the center of gravity of the whole system while keeping it as close as possible to the vertical axis. A further contribution in this study, when a new classification of aerial manipulation systems based on a symbolic formula is introduced, capable of specifying the type and number of multirotors and manipulators used within the mechanical structure. A new algorithm for calculating the solutions of the inverse geometric model, based on an analytical approach, is thus developed and compared to iterative algorithms presented in the literature. The dynamic model of the overall system is obtained by the use of symbolic mathematical tools and functions developed in this project. Two modeling methods, coupled and decoupled, have been introduced. The control part is designed for a coupled system using three control laws and applied to various scenarios, each consisting of multilayer blocks (trajectory planning, internal layer of position and attitude control, control block of virtual entry). Different values of the angles of the manipulator arm joints are analyzed and tested for the efficiency of the prismatic joint. Three approaches to the interaction of the end organ of the robotic arm with the environment are implemented and simulated. A case study and the application of the control impedance module are simulated. Finally, the approaches and methods implemented in this thesis are validated using a virtual prototype in the SimMechanics environment, where a graphical user interface GUI is designed to manipulate and visualize the system during programmed scenarios, thus demonstrating the interest of the main thesis contributions
DUCERF, DUPUIS BRIGITTE. "L'absorptiometrie monophotonique radiale et cubitale : application au suivi d'une population de 50 osteoporotiques traites par le fluor et le calcium." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M336.
Full textMenyhardt, Karoly. "Sistem inteligent de protezare pentru membrul superior." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0207.
Full textThe thesis presented here, represents a first step in the development of an intelligent prosthetic system for the human upper limb, with low costs, at Timisoara. By determining the kinematic parameters of the prosthesis’ simplified model it is possible to predict its behavior and movement possibilities. Trough the representation of the active workspace and its projections in different planes, it is possible to observe, modify and optimize the laws of motion, respectively the trajectories of different kinematical joints controlled by the prosthesis’ microcontrollers. Starting from the study of the functional anatomy of the upper limb and the current state of development of prostheses worldwide, a prototype level intelligent prosthesis was designed and engineered for the upper limb. The developed prosthesis is functional and at a low cost. The mechanical components of the prosthesis’ structure consist of the shoulder, elbow and hand joints, bars and other linkage elements. The actuating system of the prosthesis is made with stepper motors and reducers. The sensorial system is formed by the control elements of the prosthesis and micro-switches. To demonstrate the functionality of the prosthesis, it was put under experimental tests to analyze the movements with systems based on video acquisition, ultrasound and vibration measurements during different tasks. The results of these experimental studies validate the prototype built by the author
Bluteau, Bruno. "Modélisation et commande robuste d'un bras à deux segments flexibles en matériau composite." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10541.
Full textGuillaud, Etienne. "Contribution vestibulaire au contrôle des mouvements du bras lors d'une rotation du corps." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22063.pdf.
Full textRecent studies in human motor control have shown that vestibular signals can be used to control goal directed arm movements when an unexpected body displacement occurs during the movement. In this thesis, we investigated the specific functions of the vestibular signals to this control, and the mechanisms that are involved. This was done through behavioural studies performed with healthy human subjects and one deafferented patient, and biomechanical modelling. Our results highlight the remarkable computationnal capabilities of the brain which can process vestibular information to predict the consequences of body rotation on reaching movements. The vestibular control of arm movement i) is characterised by short latencies, ii) operates efficiently in darkness, iii) is largely automatic and iv) defines the temporal aspect of the movement. The control of the arm through vestibular information has therefore common characteristics with the vestibular control of ocular, cephalic and postural movements. Our findings bring important new insights about the functions of the vestibular because they suggest that there is a general principle underlying the contribution of vestibular signal to motor control
Chalfoun, Joe. "Prédiction des efforts musculaires dans le système main avant-bras : modélisation, simulation, optimisation et validation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0008.
Full textThe objective of the project SHARMES, started in 2000, is the realization of a simulation platform of the system: hand and forearm. The dynamic prediction of the muscle forces responsible for a given movement of the system is the aim of the work described within the framework of this project. After a brief presentation of SHARMES project given at the beginning of this manuscript, a bibliographical study on the research tasks in the field of the realization of a robot-like hand and design of a simulator are then developed. The aim of the simulator SHARMES is based on the highly realistic reproduction of the movement of the system. Indeed, we seek to estimate the muscle forces while preserving the real-time condition. After an anatomical study, the selected model comprises 45 muscles and 24 degrees of freedom. An optimization technique utilizing the Lagrange multiplier was used. The prediction of the tendon forces was carried out in real-time. The validation of these forces required the muscle forces computation. A first approach of quantitative validation was carried out between activations predicted by optimization and those obtained from EMG signals measured by surface electrodes. These first results checked the accuracy of the procedure used as well as the models developed
STEFENEL, CONTE NADINE. "Instabilite de l'articulation radio-cubitale inferieure : proposition therapeutique et analyse des resultats a moyen terme." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31080.
Full textBouffard-Vercelli, Yann Eric. "Commande hybride et coordination de deux bras manipulateurs en environnement non structuré : manipulabilité et assemblage." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20297.
Full textAugoyard, Mathilde. "Covariation des tissus osseux et dentaires chez les humains modernes et tendances évolutives dans la lignée humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0480.
Full textCortical bone and dentine are two biological tissues sharing a common genetic origin, overall structure, composition, and embryological development, distinct from those of enamel. Various observations suggest the possibility of coordinated postnatal development of these two tissues in hominins. For example, Neandertals display higher cortical bone volumes in their infra-cranial skeleton and greater dentine robustness compared to modern humans, while absolute enamel volumes are similar between the two taxa. Studies of immature Neandertal specimens indicate that their cortical bone and dentine robustness may be present from early developmental stages. In this doctoral research, we aimed to understand whether the structural and developmental affinities between cortical bone and dentine could lead to coordinated postnatal development of these tissues in modern humans. To this end, we measured the coordinated variation of cortical bone and dentine volumes in a sample of modern humans, comprising 12 immature individuals and 70 adults. Using microtomographic acquisitions of the arm, forearm bones, and anterior dentition, we conducted a methodological approach combining the quantification of cortical bone and dentine volumes with the analysis of their topographic distribution. Our results highlight a developmental desynchronization between cortical bone and dentine during the growth of immature individuals, leading to weak covariation between their cortical bone and dentine volumes. The bone-dentine covariation signal is stronger in adults, suggesting that common factors may influence postnatal development of these tissues once skeletal and dental maturation is achieved. This research highlights the predominant role of the hormonal milieu in the postnatal development of these tissues, while the biomechanical history of the skeleton appears to have a more limited impact. A preliminary analysis of bone-dentine covariation was conducted on chimeric individuals of Paranthropus, Australopithecus, and Neandertals. Most of these individuals deviate from the modern human bone-dentine relationship, characterized by higher dentine volumes in fossil taxa and cortical bone volumes similar to those of modern humans. A slowdown in growth and development has been described in Homo sapiens compared to fossil hominins, which may explain the unique bone-dentine relationship seen in this taxon. This doctoral thesis provides an original contribution to the study of bone and dental tissue volumes and distribution in various fossil and extant hominin taxa, offering insights into the impact of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors acting on their development
Benosman, Mouhacine. "Commande des bras manipulateurs souples et extensions aux systèmes à non minimum de phase." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2016.
Full textThis thesis concerns the control of the flexible manipulators. We have generalised some of the proposed control schemes to the case of non minimum phase systems. .
Giraud, Victor. "Commande robuste d'objets déformables avec des bras robotiques et application à un procédé industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0012.
Full textDeformable objects are ubiquitous. In the form of cables, clothing, plastics, they are part ofeveryday life. These objects need to be manipulated, manufactured, and transported. Their defor-mability makes these tasks more challenging than for their rigid counterparts. The work of thisthesis focuses on solving a specific industrial case, which is unresolved and of practical interest :the assembly of heavy-duty tire treads, the part that comes into contact with the road, which isstill a manual process. This industrial process is proposed by the industrial partner Michelin wi-thin the SoftManBot consortium, a Horizon20 program of the European Union with the ambitionto automate the industrial production of deformable objects. The manipulation of deformable ob-jects raises several problems that rigid objects do not present : a modeling problem, a perceptionproblem, a shape servoing problem, and a system engineering problem to make all the precedingcomponents work together.In this thesis, we propose two major contributions. The first one, Optimal Shape Servoing, is astate feedback control based on optimal control that improves the state of the art in shape controlby adding an implicit management of the deformation trajectory - how the object reaches its finaldeformation. Furthermore, the control strategy allows for decoupling and weighting shape andposition errors. Finally, this thesis presents a demonstration-based learning of controller parametersusing a genetic algorithm to mimic the behavior of an object manipulated by a human, in orderto reproduce this deformation during manipulation tasks. Identifying these parameters throughmachine learning strategies combines the best of both worlds - both explainable operation andbehavior close to that performed by a human.Our second contribution, Holistic Architecture for Deformable Object Software, addresses thesystem engineering problem by proposing a modular software architecture that formalizes theneeds and interfaces required for deformable object manipulation problems, both in the labora-tory and in an industrial context, from user interface to gripper drivers. This architecture has beenvalidated and tested through the integration of numerous software components - models, controls,perception, user interfaces, robot controllers, camera drivers, gripper drivers. These componentsare objectively compared using industrial metrics governing the quality of a final product, allowingnot only the automation of the proposed task but also the selection of the most suitable combinationof modules for the same task
Berret, Bastien. "Intégration de la force gravitaire dans la planification motrice et le contrôle des mouvements du bras et du corps." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS065.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at better understanding how the Central Nervous System (CNS) plans and controls movements and, in particular, how the gravity field is integrated within these processes. To perform rapid movements, the CNS must anticipate the effects of gravity on the moving limb. To tackle this, experiments in humans and modeling works have been undertaken. The experimental paradigms used here are pointing movements toward a target involving only the arm or the whole body. Concerning the arm movements, our work was grounded on a singular observation showing that upward and downward movements exhibit significant differences, suspected to be due to gravity. In order to test this hypothesis, a theory based upon the minimization of the absolute work of forces produced by muscles has been developed. It postulates that human movements are optimal and minimize in particular an energetic quantity. The main theoretical result is the demonstration of an equivalence between the minimization of a criterion including the absolute work of forces and the presence of simultaneous inactivation periods of agonistic and antagonistic muscles acting at a joint. Experiments have confirmed the existence of such periods of silence in muscular activities at the times predicted by the model. Therefore, we have concluded that the optimality criterion used by the brain to plan movements includes a term similar to the absolute work. A by-product of this result is that both gravitational and inertial forces are integrated into the same motor plan, within the minimization of energy expenditure. However, in most daily-life motor tasks, minimizing energy can not be the only goal of the action; preserving balance or be precise must also be taken into account. An experimental protocol has been elaborated in order to clarify how the CNS coordinates the control of posture and movement for whole-body pointing tasks. Our results confirm the idea of a modular organization of movements for such multi-goal tasks, i. E. Performed from the combination of pre-programmed sequences. In conclusion, this work suggests that the CNS integrates the biomechanical properties of the body and the environmental constraints within a single motor plan. Depending on the task, the CNS could optimize a compromise between energy consumption, safety, or movement precision. Moreover, these results reinforce the idea that an internal model of gravity exists and is strongly implied in human motricity
Santos, Thomas. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique d'un robot avec bras et membrures flexibles par le logiciel MD Adams." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1233/1/SANTOS_Thomas.pdf.
Full textGu, Guochang. "Etude et développement d'une application pédagogique en robotique : gestion d'un bras articulé et d'un robot mobile." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066735.
Full textBelli, Alain. "Le travail et le rendement musculaire chez l'homme appréhendés par de nouvelles méthodes de mesures." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET007T.
Full textSioud, Rim. "Etude cinétique, cinématique et hydrodynamique du dos crawlé." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON14010.
Full textDerue, Frédéric. "Recherche d'événements de microlentille gravitationnelle dans les bras spiraux de la galaxie avec EROS II." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006620.
Full textNana-Ibrahim, Salim. "Ajustements posturaux anticipateurs et mouvement de pointage du bras chez l'homme, en position debout : effets de la demande de précision de la tâche, de l'unilatéralité du mouvement et de l'expertise motrice." La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_09_salim.pdf.
Full textThe “anticipatory postural adjustments” (APA) have been mainly studied either in voluntary arm pointing movements initially described by Belenkii. In the first study, we slightly modified this protocol and ask the subjects to point toward three different targets of 2, 4 and 8 centimetres in diameter. The subjects carried out unilateral and bilateral movements. We measured the APA by recording the electromyographic activity of the deltoïdeus anteriors and of the biceps femoris as well as the kinematics of the right arm. The results show that the target size modifies the temporal parameters of both the APA and the focal movement and that the biomechanical perturbation has an additional impact. Then, by taking the same protocol for the unilateral movements, we were interested in the combined effects of this precision requirement and the sporting expertise. We note that the strategy of the football and the tennis players is specific, both on the level of the APA and of the focal movement
Herrera, Aguilar Ignacio. "Commande des bras manipulateurs et retour visuel pour des applications à la robotique de service." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199179.
Full textWei, Yan. "Planification et Suivi de Mouvement d’un Système de Manipulateur Mobile non-holonome à deux bras." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0004/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the motion planning and tracking of a dual-arm mobile humanoid. First, MDH is used for kinematic modeling. The co-simulation via Simulink-Adams on prototype is realized to validate the effectiveness of RBFNN controller. In order to overcome the shortcomings of Euler-Lagrange’s formulations that require calculating energy and energy derivatives, Kane’s method is used. In addition, physical stability is analyzed based on Kane’s method and a controller is designed using back-stepping technique. Secondly, an improved MaxiMin NSGA-II is proposed to design the mobile base’s (MB) optimal position-orientation and the upper manipulator’s (UM) optimal configuration given only the initial pose and end-effectors’ (EEs) desired positions-orientations. A direct connect algorithm combining BiRRT and gradient-descent is designed to plan the transition from initial pose to optimal pose, and a geometric optimization method is designed to optimize and cohere the path. In addition, forward motions are obtained by assigning orientations for MB thus indicating robot’s intention. In order to solve the failure problem of offline algorithm, an online algorithm is proposed while estimating dynamic obstacles’ motions. In addition, in order to optimize via-poses, an algorithm based on EEs’ via-points and MOGA is proposed by optimizing four via-pose-based objective functions. Finally, the motion tracking problem is studied given EEs’ motions in the task space. Instead of controlling the absolute motion, two relative motions are introduced to realize the coordination and cooperation between MB and UM. In addition, an modulated WLN technique is proposed to avoid joints’ limits
Herrera-Aguilar, Ignacio. "Commande des bras manipulateurs et retour visuel pour des applications à la robotique de service." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/94/.
Full textIn the context of service robotic, robots have to interact with environment and human. Human presence create a particular context where security and comfort take precedent over system dynamic. As environment is not fixed in this context, the use of exteroceptive sensors is necessary. A first subject developed in the report is the trajectory planning for which we propose to limit velocity, acceleration and jerk. Trajectories are then defined as a sequence of cubic, seven in most to go from a initial position to any final position. The method is extended to space and to the tracking of trajectory defined by points. The rotations are represented by quaternions. We then propose a visual servoing scheme based on the tracking of planned soft movements. Using an extended Kalman filter to estimate the target position permit a self calibration of the system. Simulations and experimentations with the Jido robot permit to validate this approach. The trajectory planner is used daily on Jido for the european Cogniron project
Lecland, Pascal. "Ergonomie et conception assistée par ordinateur : simulation des mouvements d'un bras anthropomorphe en présence d'obstacles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0192.
Full textVadot, Guillaume. "Les bras et le ventre : une sociologie politique des plantations industrielles dans le Cameroun contemporain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e91293e-767a-42e6-b135-1f81abc1f9c7.
Full textIndustrial plantations are currently Cameroon’s first private employment sector, and cover huge areas. Drawing on labour and organizational studies as well as political sociology, the thesis shows how much these peculiar spaces, often described as closed enclaves subject to desertification, are constrained by social processes and contribute to State-formation. To this end it gives special attention to material realities, life trajectories and social conflicts. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to a sociological description of the labour force, rank and file of workers but also members of management. It explores the experiences of labouring bodies, the social meanings of money, lifestyles, solidarities and social differentiations in order to portray the wide diversity of workers. It shows that gender (both womanhood and manhood), ethnicity, race, education or land possession are all imported and reshaped inside the plantation. The dissertation questions plantation workers’ trajectories and imaginaries, showing how such a labour force is deeply integrated within a wider whole, the Cameroonian working classes. The second part of the thesis shows how large estates participate in shaping both the Cameroonian territory and the current political order. Understood as organizations that are constantly in the making, these companies are manufactured by evolving spatial constraints, as well as constant labour shortages and conflicts. Plantations must then contend on a daily basis with numerous forms of resistance and contestation to maintain their geographical area and build their labour force. Land and employment issues are core to the making of the peculiar political topographies through which industrial plantations contribute to State formation in Cameroon. In that sense, the thesis suggests that the creative political role plaid by workplaces and labour issues have been underestimated in the study of land grabbing and of contemporary African societies. On a more theoretical level, the thesis, which builds upon a long-run ethnographic immersion in three agro-industrial plants, puts into discussion contributions from sociology and anthropology around labour, working classes, organizations, land and State
Bisch, Cécile. "Troubles musculo-squelettiques du dos et de l'avant-bras chez la femme enceinte : approches biomécanique et ergonomique." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIED003.
Full textThe 1st part of this work assessed the implied of the fatigability of the back extensors in this back pain. The results suggest a load sharing from the thoracic to the lumbar muscles. Low back pain does not seem to result of an increased fatigability of the lumbar muscles. The 2nd part of the study deals with the analysis of the biomechanical characteristics of the forearm-hand system. During pregnancy, the musculotendinous stiffness of the wrist flexors is increased. The influence of pregnancy on biomechanical risk factors of the upper-limb extremity musculoskeletal disorders was also investigated during a video display terminal task. The biomechanical strain is increased by pregnancy, either by a renforcement of the activation of the wrist and fingers flexors, or by an increase of wrist extension related to the workstation design. These results point out that physicians, physiotherapists and ergonomists should consider these approaches to take care of pregnant women
FOUQUE, EDOUARD. "Resultats morphologiques et fonctionnels des fractures des deux os de l'avant-bras chez l'enfant : proposition d'evaluation tomodensitometrique des cals vicieux rotatoires ; a propos de 37 cas." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13802.
Full textFaure, Carole. "Simulations des effets des bras spiraux sur la dynamique stellaire dans la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE030/document.
Full textIn an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Ducher, Ga͏ële. "Effets du tennis sur la densité, la macroarchitecture et la microarchitecture osseuses de l'avant-bras dominant." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2078.
Full textPontonnier, Charles. "Simulation mécanique pour l'analyse ergonomique des postes de travail : cas du coude et de l'avant-bras." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538688.
Full textGaschignard-Fossati, Odile. "Répartition spatiale des macroinvertébrés benthiques d'un bras vif du Rhône : rôle des crues et dynamique saisonnière." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19029.
Full textBengen, Dietriech Geoffrey. "Contribution à la typologie fonctionnelle des bras morts de la Garonne : approches physico-chimique et ichtyologique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT012A.
Full textROYER, LAURENT. "Etude et conception de la commande teleoperee des manipulateurs redondants application a un bras redondant anthropomorphe." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066448.
Full textGaschignard-Fossati, Odile. "Répartition spatiale des macroinvertébrés benthiques d'un bras vif du Rhône, rôle des crues et dynamique saisonnière." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375978030.
Full textSmail-Faugeron, Violaine. "Evaluation thérapeutique en médecine bucco-dentaire : comparaison entre essais randomisés split-mouth et en bras parallèles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066174/document.
Full textSplit-mouth RCTs are common in oral health medicine. However, some authors have suggested that intervention effect estimates from split-mouth and parallel-arm RCTs may differ. Besides, prospective registration of RCTs is currently the best solution to reporting bias. First, we performed a meta-epidemiological study to compare intervention effect estimates between split-mouth RCTs and parallel-arm RCTs. There was no sufficient evidence for a difference in intervention effect estimates derived from split-mouth and parallel-arm RCTs investigating the same clinical question. Our results support the use of all available evidence in systematic reviews, including that from split-mouth and parallel-arm RCTs, and authors should consider including split-mouth RCTs in their meta-analyses with suitable and appropriate statistical analysis. Second, we assessed how many split-mouth and parallel-arm RCTs with results published in 2013 in a sample of oral health journals had been prospectively registered in trial registries. Of 317 identified RCTs, we showed that only 23% of RCTs were registered. Among those, 91% were registered retrospectively. We did not find any statistically significant difference between split-mouth and parallel-arm RCTs. In conclusion, we have proposed recommendations regarding the integration of splitmouth RCTs in research, from the point of view of researchers and of medical journal editors
Jarrige, François. "Au temps des "tueuses de bras" : les bris de machines et la genèse de la société industrielle (France, Angleterre, Belgique, 1780-1860)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010646.
Full textLalys, Loïc. "Biométrie radiologique de l'avant-bras et de la main, appliquée à l'estimation de l'âge des individus immatures." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20687.
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