Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Zaman, Hainol Akbar, Safian Sharif, Mohd Hasbullah Idris, and Anisah Kamarudin. "Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Implant Applications: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.19.

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Stainless steel, titanium alloys and cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are classified under the metallic biomaterials whereby various surgical implants, prosthesis and medical devices are manufactured to replace missing body parts which may be lost through accident, trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. Among these materials, cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys are the common cobalt base alloy used for orthopedic implants due their excellence properties which include high corrosion resistance, high strength, high hardness, high creep resistance, biocompatibility and greater wear resistance. This paper summarises the various aspects and characteristic of metallic biomaterials such as stainless steel, titanium and cobalt chromium alloys for medical applications especially for orthopedic implant. These include material properties, biocompatibility, advantages and limitations for medical implants applications.
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Mori, Yu, Naoya Masahashi, and Toshimi Aizawa. "A Review of Anodized TiNbSn Alloys for Improvement in Layer Quality and Application to Orthopedic Implants." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 5116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155116.

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Titanium alloys are useful for application in orthopedic implants. However, complications, such as prosthetic infections and aseptic loosening, often occur after orthopedic devices are implanted. Therefore, innovation in surface modification techniques is essential to develop orthopedic materials with optimal properties at the biomaterial–bone interface. In this review, we present recent research on the improvement in the osteoconductivity and antibacterial effect of the Ti-33.6% Nb-4% Sn (TiNbSn) alloy by anodic oxidation and other related studies. TiNbSn alloys are excellent new titanium alloys with a low Young’s modulus, high tensile strength, and with gradient functional properties such as a thermally adjustable Young’s modulus and strength. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), when obtained by the anodic oxidation of a TiNbSn alloy, improves bone affinity and provides antibacterial performance owing to its photocatalytic activity. The safety of TiO2 and its strong bonding with metal materials make its method of preparation a promising alternative to conventional methods for improving the surface quality of orthopedic implants. Implementing anodization technology for TiNbSn alloys may alleviate orthopedic surgery-related complications, such as loosening, stress shielding, and infection after arthroplasty.
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Parcharoen, Yardnapar, Preecha Termsuksawad, and Sirinrath Sirivisoot. "Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following Alkaline Pretreatment for Orthopedic Implants." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9143969.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive bone substitute used in biomedical applications. One approach to use HA for bone implant application is to coat it on titanium (Ti) implant. However, adhesion of HA on Ti is major concern for their long-term use in orthopedic implants. To enhance the adhesion strength of HA coating on titanium (Ti), the surface of the Ti was anodized and alkaline pretreated prior to coating on Ti by electrodeposition. Alkaline pretreatment of titanium dioxide nanotubes (ATi) accelerated the formation of HA, which mimicked the features and structure of natural bone tissue. Nanostructured HA formed on the ATi and pretreated ATi (P-ATi), unlike on conventional Ti. This study is the first to show that the bonding of HA coating to a P-ATi substrate was stronger than those of HA coating to Ti and to ATi. The preosteoblast response tests were also conducted. The results indicated that HA coating improved preosteoblast proliferation after 3 days in standard cell culture.
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Pelekhan, Bohdan, Maciej Dutkiewicz, Ivan Shatskyi, Andrii Velychkovych, Mykola Rozhko, and Liubomyr Pelekhan. "Analytical Modeling of the Interaction of a Four Implant-Supported Overdenture with Bone Tissue." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072398.

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Today, an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problems of implantology is key to the effective use of intraosseous dental implantations. The functional properties of restoration structures for the dentition depend significantly on the mechanical stresses that occur in the structural elements and bone tissues in response to mastication loads. An orthopedic design with a bar fixation system connected to implants may be considered to restore an edentulous mandible using an overdenture. In this study, the problem of the mechanics of a complete overdenture based on a bar and four implants was formulated. A mathematical model of the interaction between the orthopedic structure and jawbone was developed, and a methodology was established for the analytical study of the stress state of the implants and adjacent bone tissue under the action of a chewing load. The novelty of the proposed model is that it operates with the minimum possible set of input data and provides adequate estimates of the most significant output parameters that are necessary for practical application. The obtained analytical results are illustrated by two examples of calculating the equivalent stresses in implants and the peri-implant tissue for real overdenture designs. To carry out the final assessment of the strength of the implants and bone, the prosthesis was loaded with mastication loads of different localization. In particular, the possibilities of loading the prosthesis in the area of the sixth and seventh teeth were investigated. Recommendations on the configuration of the distal cantilever of the overdenture and the acceptable level and distribution of the mastication load are presented. It was determined that, from a mechanical point of view, the considered orthopedic systems are capable of providing long-term success if they are used in accordance with established restrictions and recommendations.
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Morozova, Oksana, and Edwin Gevorkyan. "CURRENT STATE OF APPLIENCE ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE IN BIOENGINEERING." Technology transfer: fundamental principles and innovative technical solutions 4 (November 30, 2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2585-6847.2020.001509.

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This descriptive review presents current knowledge about the bioengineering use of a zirconium dioxide, the advantages and disadvantages of the material, and the prospects for research in this direction. The work reflects the success of the practical application of the zirconium dioxide as a material for dental structures and biological implants. Such practical characteristics, such as color-stability, chemical stability, good aesthetics, biocompatibility and durability, allowed to actively use the zirconium dioxide as a material for producing various dental structures. In comparison with other ceramics, the presence of high-performance of strength and fracture toughness of the zirconium dioxide enables the use of this material as an alternative material for the reconstructions in the readings with considerable loads. High hardness determines the zirconium dioxide as an excellent material for articular prostheses, because of its hardness, provides a low level of wear and excellent biocompatibility. However, along with positive characteristics, a widespread practical problem of using the zirconium dioxide in dentistry is a chip or fracture of veneering ceramics. It has also been reported that there is a shortage of orthopedic implants such as hydrothermal stability. The solution of such problems is indicated and the use of composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide, which allows to solve a similar problem, as well as to increase the service life and reliability of orthopedic implants by providing a higher fracture toughness and mechanical strength. The existence of such composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide provides a significant increase in the wear resistance of orthopedic implants, which is essential for successful prosthetics
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Grądzka-Dahlke, Małgorzata. "Comparison of Functional Properties of Thin Layers on Titanium and Cobalt Implant Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1053.

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The development of arthroplastics places high demands on the materials used for load-bearing elements of orthopedic implants. The most common of implant materials are titanium and cobalt alloys due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Titanium alloys have desirable properties, such as relatively low modulus, good fatigue strength, formability, machinability, superior corrosion resistance and so are frequently used for long-term implants. However, poor wear resistance limits their application for tribological systems of artificial joints. Research on improvement of titanium alloys tribological properties have been undertaken, mainly by using thin coatings. The TiN-layers are reported to be most promising in biomedical applications such. Many authors stress that application of TiN layer improve wear resistance of titanium implant alloys. Presented work is focused on comparison of effect of TiN coating on properties of TiAlV and CoCrMo implant alloys. The structure, microhardness, corrosion resistance as well as tribological properties were analysed. The research did not confirmed the good properties of titanium alloy with TiN coating. The results show that matrix metal hardness definitely affects the efficiency of TiN layers.
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Petrovici, Ilaria Lorena, Mihai Catalin Tenovici, Razvan Cristian Vaduva, Danut Nicolae Tarnita, Dragoş Laurenţiu Popa, Georgiana Vintila, Otilia Rogoveanu, and Bogdan Capitanescu. "Virtual Implantology System Used for Long Bones Simulation Studies." Advanced Engineering Forum 34 (October 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.34.151.

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The basic concepts of Kuntscher's centromedular osteosynthesis remain largely valid today: centromedular osteosynthesis must be conducted under fluoroscopic control and without fracture outbreak exposure to avoid contamination, the rod must be strong enough to withstand stress caused by muscle contraction, joint movement and body weight load, this to avoid twisting and tearing the rod, the rod must exhibit sufficient elasticity to compress during insertion into the canal and then re-expand for firmly fix the fracture fragments and prevent their rotation. On the other hand, osteosynthesis with flexible centromedullary rods is mainly used in pediatric surgery where elastic rods in secant arch are used applying the principles of stable elastic osteosynthesis. Starting from the research done worldwide, we examined the orthopedic implants used in the long bones as a whole and some inconsistencies were found between the osteosynthesis material and the bone tissue. The necessary materials used in the study are orthopedic implants, different in structure, elasticity, dimensions, which were tested on bone virtual models, according to the CT scan sections. With the help of normal bone virtual models, both bone strength, various orthopedic implants, and the resistance of the osteosynthesis material used were taken into account. On these complete virtual models various simulations were made using FEM. The potential for FEM use in orthopedics and biomechanics has often been overestimated. In many situations, inappropriate use of the method on complicated biological structures can become costly, inefficient or prone to errors. Also, nonlinear soft tissue material has created new difficulties. But these disadvantages and limitations have been diminished successively through new results of biomechanical researches, but also by improving the method by using new types of finite elements. From this results database obtained through various virtual experiments, account will be taken of the most common accidents and incidents occurring in the implanted bone, and solutions will be sought to improve post-implant bone quality.
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Cirstoiu, Catalin, Razvan Ene, Dan Popescu, and Monica Cirstoiu. "Osteosynthesis Material Failure: Poor Fixation or Material Defect." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.249.

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Rising rate of high energy trauma, mainly due to increasing life expectancy of the population on a global scale in recent decades and more intense daily activity, involves the need to address the increase of more complex fractures, thus putting to the test the experience of trauma surgeon and the quality of various osteosynthesis materials. Metallic materials designed for orthopedic implants must present a group of properties that strength, biocompatibility and resistance to degradation (corrosion or wear) are of primary importance. To reach these objectives, the materials used in the manufacture of orthopedic implants must meet standard requirements. These requirements include primarily standard chemical composition, microstructure and macroscopic appearance. In this paper we present a study to determine the cause of degradation of osteosynthesis material. The most frequent causes of degradation include poor or unstable fixation of osteosynthesis or material defects. A valuation technique, including optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess aspects of macroscopic and microstructural degradation and chemical composition of implants. These assessments showed that both design errors and inappropriate surgical procedures were due to failures.
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Tappa, Karthik, Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka, Jeffery Weisman, David Ballard, Dallas Wolford, Cecilia Pascual-Garrido, Larry Wolford, Pamela Woodard, and David Mills. "3D Printing Custom Bioactive and Absorbable Surgical Screws, Pins, and Bone Plates for Localized Drug Delivery." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10020017.

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Additive manufacturing has great potential for personalized medicine in osseous fixation surgery, including maxillofacial and orthopedic applications. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate 3D printing methods for the fabrication of patient-specific fixation implants that allow for localized drug delivery. 3D printing was used to fabricate gentamicin (GS) and methotrexate (MTX)-loaded fixation devices, including screws, pins, and bone plates. Scaffolds with different infill ratios of polylactic acid (PLA), both without drugs and impregnated with GS and MTX, were printed into cylindrical and rectangular-shaped constructs for compressive and flexural strength mechanical testing, respectively. Bland PLA constructs showed significantly higher flexural strength when printed in a Y axis at 100% infill compared to other axes and infill ratios; however, there was no significant difference in flexural strength between other axes and infill ratios. GS and MTX-impregnated constructs had significantly lower flexural and compressive strength as compared to the bland PLA constructs. GS-impregnated implants demonstrated bacterial inhibition in plate cultures. Similarly, MTX-impregnated implants demonstrated a cytotoxic effect in osteosarcoma assays. This proof of concept work shows the potential of developing 3D printed screws and plating materials with the requisite mechanical properties and orientations. Drug-impregnated implants were technically successful and had an anti-bacterial and chemotherapeutic effect, but drug addition significantly decreased the flexural and compressive strengths of the custom implants.
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Mehta, Sahil, Gurmohan Singh, Harvinder Singh, and Abhineet Saini. "A Review of Tribological Behavior of Different Bio-Implant Materials." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 5147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5147ecst.

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Biomedical implants are extensively gaining popularity owing to ever increasing health complications and growth in trauma numbers globally. Metallic implants are the most widely used bio-implants for various orthopedics and dentistry related problems owing to their superior mechanical strength when compared to ceramics and polymers. Furthermore, titanium alloys are the preferred choice these days, because of their proximate nature to human bone and light weight. However, few shortcomings make these artificial bio-implants capricious like short life span, wear rate, surface finish, etc. Tribological behavior and performance affect the life of the implant, and has to be improved for longer sustainability of the implants. Wear tests can help in predicting the life of the movable sliding joints in bio-implants. This paper includes a review about the properties of the bio material, wear tests results, and their wear mechanisms. Further, the limitation and scope of biomaterial implants from tribological aspects of various bio-materials are reviewed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Tirunagari, Prashanthi. "Nanomechanical characterization of femoral head materials." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5906.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 30, 1981) Includes bibliographical references.
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Cipa, Esra. "Surface Modifications of Orthopedic Implants for Improved Performance." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1454680174.

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Bell, Bryan Frederick Jr. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7962.

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Lee, Goonhee. "Selective laser sintering of calcium phosphate materials for orthopedic implants /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bell, Bryan Frederick. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131058/unrestricted/bell%5Fbryan%5Ff%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.

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Wong, Kai-lun, and 黄棨麟. "Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone biomaterials in orthopaedic implants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182505.

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Wong, Kai-lun. "Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone biomaterials in orthopaedic implants." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182505.

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Fang, Liming. "Processing of HA/UHMWPE for orthopaedic applications /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20FANG.

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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-138). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Flanigan, Kyle Yusef. "Synthesis of HAP nano rods and processing of nano-size ceramic reinforced poly (L) lactic acid composites /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10616.

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Chang, Hsuan-chen. "Porous bioceramic and biomaterial for bone implants /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Books on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Ram, Kossowsky, Kossovsky Nir, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Materials sciences and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1986.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Science and Implant Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd 1994 Crete, Greece). Advances in materials science and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, 1995.

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Ram, Kossowsky, Kossovsky Nir, and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Science and Implant Orthopaedic Surgery (1994 : Chania, Greece), eds. Advances in materials science and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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M, Williams J., Nichols M. F, Zingg Walter 1924-, and Materials Research Society, eds. Biomedical materials. Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1986.

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European Conference on Biomaterials (5th 1985 Paris, France. Biological and biomechanical performance of biomaterials: Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Biomaterials, Paris, France, September 4-6, 1985. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Lunsford, Thomas R. Strength of materials in orthotic and prosthetic design. Alexandria, VA: American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists, Inc., 1996.

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Orthopaedic biomaterials in research and practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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J, Yaszemski Michael, ed. Biomaterials in orthopedics. New York: M. Dekker, 2004.

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Emanuel, Horowitz, Parr Jack E, and ASTM Committee F-4 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices., eds. Characterization and performance of calcium phosphate coatings for implants. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1994.

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International, ASM, ed. Biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Bhamare, Sagar, Seetha Ramaiah Mannava, Leonora Felon, David Kirschman, Vijay Vasudevan, and Dong Qian. "Design of Dynamic and Fatigue-Strength-Enhanced Orthopedic Implants." In Multiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials, 333–50. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118402955.ch18.

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Bardos, Denes I. "Metallurgy of Orthopaedic Implants." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 125–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_11.

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Armbruster, David. "Anti-Infection Technologies for Orthopedic Implants: Materials and Considerations for Commercial Development." In Orthopedic Biomaterials, 219–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89542-0_11.

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Hastings, G. W. "Carbon and Plastic Materials for Orthopaedic Implants." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 263–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_21.

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Ling, R. S. M. "The Utilisation of Implants in Clinical Orthopaedics." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 13–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_2.

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Lipka, John M., and Harcharan S. Ranu. "The Role of Carbon Fibers in Orthopedic Implants: A Review." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 335–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_25.

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Engelhardt, A. "Biomechanical and Biochemical Adaptation of Skeletal Implants (Clinical and Experimental Results)." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 85–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_7.

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Homsy, C. A. "R&D and Manufacturing of Biomaterials and Implants in the Socio-Political Context." In Advances in Materials Science and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 83–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0157-8_7.

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Nakai, Masaaki, Mitsuo Niinomi, Ken Cho, and Kengo Narita. "Enhancing Functionalities of Metallic Materials by Controlling Phase Stability for Use in Orthopedic Implants." In Interface Oral Health Science 2014, 79–91. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55192-8_7.

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Alimi, L., Y. Menail, K. Chaoui, K. Kechout, S. Mabrouk, N. Zeghib, A. Belhamzaoui, N. Metrane, and K. Bedoud. "Mechanical Strength Analysis and Damage Appraisal in Carbon/Perlon/Epoxy Composite for Orthopedic Prostheses." In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development, 23–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43211-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Gong, Haibo, Antonios Kontsos, Yoontae Kim, Peter I. Lelkes, Qingwei Zhang, Donggang Yao, Kavan Hazeli, and Jack G. Zhou. "Micro Characterization of Mg and Mg Alloy for Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants Application." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7395.

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Magnesium as a candidate metallic biomaterial for biodegradable orthopedic implants was evaluated in-vitro in terms of degradation behavior, biocompatibility and mechanical property both in macro- and micro-scale. Micro structure of pure Mg and AZ61 after degradation in both simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture environment were analyzed. Different from AZ61, pure Mg degraded at a higher rate and attracted large amount of salt precipitation which formed a layer covering the surface. Much less pitting degradation and salt deposition were observed on both pure Mg and AZ61 in cell culture environment compared to in SBF. After culturing for 7 days, EAhy926 cells growing on AZ61 showed significant higher proliferation rate as of cells growing on pure Mg. Higher proliferation rates indicated that cells grew better on slow-degrading AZ61 than on fast-degrading pure Mg. Cells growing on AZ61 proliferated much better and assembled together to form a consistent tissue-like micro-structure, while cells spread and reached out on the surface of pure Mg, possibly due to low cell density and lack of cellular communication. The elastic modulus and tensile yield strength of magnesium are closer to those of natural bone than other commonly used metallic biomaterials. It was shown that Mg was biodegradable, biocompatible and had appropriate mechanical strength, thus Mg and its alloys showed great potential for deployment in a new generation of biodegradable orthopedic implants.
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Brooks, V. S., and Y. B. Guo. "Microstructural and Dynamic Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Magnesium-Calcium Alloy for Orthopedic Implants." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4064.

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Magnesium-Calcium (Mg-Ca) alloy is an emerging metallic biomaterial for manufacturing biodegradable orthopedic implants. However, very few studies have been conducted on mechanical properties of the bi-phase Mg-Ca alloy, especially at the high strain rates often encountered in manufacturing processes. The mechanical properties are critical to design and manufacturing of Mg-Ca implants. The objective of this study is to study the microstructural and mechanical properties of Mg-Ca0.8 (wt %) alloy. Both elastic and plastic behaviors of the Mg-Ca0.8 alloy were characterized at different strains and strain rates in quasi-static tension and compression testing as well as dynamic split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing. It has been shown that Young’s modulus of Mg-Ca0.8 alloy in quasi-static compression is much higher than those at high strain rates. Yield strength and ultimate strength of the material are very sensitive to strain rates and increase with strain rate in compression. Strain softening also occurs at large strains in dynamic compression. Furthermore, quasi-static mechanical behavior of the material in tension is very different from that in compression. The stress-strain data was repeatable with reasonable accuracy in both deformation modes. In addition, a set of material constants for the internal state variable plasticity model has been obtained to model the dynamical mechanical behavior of the novel metallic biomaterial.
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Hines, Brandon D., Holly A. Stretz, and Steven R. Anton. "Investigation Into Piezoelectric Nanoparticle Dispersion in Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-91020.

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Abstract Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries performed in the United States. Though most cases of TKA are successful, some cases experience failure after the procedure. Smart implant technology seeks to aid the medical community in identifying failure that may require a revision surgery. Previous work in our research group explored sensing applications aimed at identifying failure in simulated total knee replacements (TKR) by bonding lead zirconate titanate (PZT) wafers to a tibial baseplate implanted in a simulated knee structure with artificial damage applied at the cement interface. Though this application demonstrated success with identifying failure in the simulated TKR system, there are improvements that can be made to the system. One improvement that must be made is the use of lead-free sensors in the biomedical system. Another possible improvement to the system is to relocate the piezoelectric sensor to the cement interface. A proposed method to implement these improvements is to develop a specialized sensing system with the specific application of joint replacements in mind, and more specifically, a sensing system in which the bone cement acts as the sensor. This study explores the idea of developing a piezoelectric nanocomposite in which bone cement is the primary material. The specialized piezoelectric nanocomposite is developed by adding barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles to the typical components of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement at various weight percentages of BT. The composite cement is then formed and cured into samples to be tested for compression strength. It must be shown that the suspension of barium titanate within the PMMA bone cement matrix does not compromise the mechanical properties of the cured cement. If the compression strength falls below 70 MPa, the cement will no longer meet the requirements of the ASTM standard for PMMA bone cement.
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Rasool, Tabinda, Syed Rehan Ahmed, Iqra Ather, Madeeha Sadia, Rashid Khan, and Ali Raza Jafri. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Using Egg-Shell." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51933.

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Advancement in materials science and manufacturing processes helps in expanding the application span of materials in biotechnology. The technological development of biocompatible materials aids in improving health conditions, cancerous treatment, organ implants, and as well as provides several techniques to patient treatment. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is considered as a potential material for orthopedics and dental implants due to its eminent biocompatibility and natural apatite characteristics. It is regarded as viable and cost effective solution of many biomedical applications. Major challenges in expanding the application span of HAP include obtaining optimum mechanical, chemical, and biological properties simultaneously while making its manufacturing processes cost effective. The main purpose of the current work is to synthesize and characterize high strength HAP with high degree of crystallinity and purity, which could be able to fulfill the requirements of modern biological materials. In this work, egg-shell which is considered as garbage is utilized as calcium source to synthesize HAP. Initially, egg-shells are properly cleaned with distilled water and dried. Ball milling operation is used to produce egg-shell particles of nano to micron range. The particles then mixed with controlled amount of phosphoric acid. The mixture is then sintered by heat treating at 900°C for 2 hours. The heat treatment (sintering) process is used to enhance the density as well as strength of egg-shell material. After synthesis of HAP, it is characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle analyzer. Composition of HAP is investigated through XRD. Furthermore, surface topography of nano-crystalline HAP powder is measured through Scanning Electron Microscope while particle size distribution is found through laser particle analyzer. It is found that the addition of phosphoric acid in milled egg-shell and heat treatment give rise HAP in the sample. In addition, particle size varies from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The results and analysis of the current work may provide insight of different properties which may lead to the development of optimum and cost effective HAP material. The current study could be further extended in increasing application envelop of biocompatible materials.
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Bucklen, B., M. Wettergreen, M. Heinkenschloss, and M. A. K. Liebschner. "Surface-Based Scaffold Design: A Mechanobiological Approach." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81985.

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Despite recent need-based advances in orthopedic scaffold design, current implants are unsuitable as “total” scaffold replacements. Both mechanical requirements of stiffness/strength and biological stipulations dictating cellular behavior (attachment, differentiation) should be included. The amount of mechanical stimulation in the form of stresses, strains, and energies most suitable toward implant design is presently unknown. Additionally unknown is if whole-bone optimization goals such as uniform and non-uniform driving forces are applicable to a scaffold-bone interface. At the very least, scaffolds ready for implantation should exhibit mechanical distributions (dependent on loading type) on the surface within the typical mechanical usage window. Scaffold micro-architectures can be strategically shifted into that window. The overall goal of this study was to produce microarchitectures tailored to a more uniform mechanical distribution, while maintaining the morphological properties necessary to sustain its mechanical integrity. The mechanical adjustment stimuli investigated were von Mises stress, strain energy density, maximum principle strain, and volumetric strain. Scaffold models of a similar volume fraction were generated of three initial architectures (Rhombitruncated Cuboctahedron, hollow sphere, and trabecular-like bone cube) using high resolution voxel mapping. The resulting voxels were translated into finite element meshes and solved, with a specially written iterative solver created in Fortran90, under confined displacement boundary conditions. The result was verified against a commercial software. Once the mechanical distributions were identified one of two methods was chosen to alter the configuration of material in Cartesian space. The success of the alteration was judged through a diagnostic based on the histogram of mechanical values present on the surface of the micro-architecture. The first method used a compliant approach and, for the case of stress, reinforced locations on the surface with large stresses with extra material (strategically taken from the least stressed portions). The second method used a simulated annealing approach to randomly mutate the initial state in a “temperature” dependent manner. Results indicate that the mechanical distributions of the initial scaffold designs vary significantly. Additionally, the end state of the adjustment demonstrated anisotropy shifts toward the direction of loading. Moreover, the adjustment methods were found to be sensitive both to the mechanical parameter used for adjustment and the portion of the surface adjusted at each increment. In conclusion, scaffolds may be adjusted using a mechanical surface-based objective, as the surface of the scaffold is crucial toward its in vivo acceptance. This technique provides some mathematical specificity toward the whole of computer-aided tissue engineering.
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Zhang, Qingwei, Vadym Mochalin, Ioannis Neitzel, Yury Gogotsi, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "The Study on PLLA-Nanodiamond Composites for Surgical Fixation Devices." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38287.

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Biopolymers have a great potential in biomedical engineering, having been used as scaffolds for hard and soft tissues, such as bone and blood vessels for many years. More recently biopolymers have also found applications in surgical fixation devices. Compared with conventional metal fixation devices, bone grafts and organ substitutes, biopolymer products have advantages of no long-term implant palpability or temperature sensitivity, predictable degradation to provide progressive bone loading and no stress shielding, all of which leads to a better bone healing, reduced patient trauma and cost, elimination of second surgery for implant removal, and fewer complications from infections. However lack of initial fixation strength and bioactivity are two major concerns which limited more widespread applications of biopolymers in orthopedic surgery. Nanodiamond is attractive for its use in reinforcement of composite materials due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Nanotechnology shows us many innovations and it is generally accepted view that many could be further developed and applied in tissue engineering. In this work, we conduct poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and octadecylamine functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) composite research to optimize the polymer/ND interface, thus to reinforce the mechanical strength. Composites comprising PLLA matrix with embedded ND-ODA were prepared by mixing PLLA/chloroform solution with chloroform suspension of nanodiamonds at concentrations of 0–10 by weight percent. The dispersion of ND-ODA was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM micrographs show that ND-ODA can disperse uniformly in PLLA till 10% wt. Nanoindentation result shows the mechanical strength of ND-ODA/PLLA composites improving following increasing the concentration of ND-ODA in composites. The noncytotoxicity of ND-ODA was demonstrated on 7F2 Osteoblasts. To test the usefulness of ND-ODA/PLLA composites as scaffolds for supporting cell growth, 7F2 Osteoblasts were cultured on scaffolds for 6 days. The attachment and proliferation of 7F2 on all scaffolds were assessed by fluorescent nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 and Alamar BlueTM assay. The results showed that the adding ND-ODA does small influence cell growth, which indicates the composites have good biocompatibility. The morphology of 7F2 cells growing on all ND-ODA/PLLA composite scaffolds was determined by SEM, which confirms the Osteoblasts spread on the scaffolds. All these results combined suggest that ND-ODA/PLLA might provide a novel composite suitable for surgical fixation devices.
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Schroeder, Megan, and Steven R. Schmid. "Improved Performance of Polymethyl Methacrylate for Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Implants." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72466.

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based polymers are commonly used in orthopedic implant applications, and have been a successful cement for many decades. Recent implant designs use PMMA as a structural material, and additional applications are envisioned, but only if improvements in the PMMA mechanical properties, especially fatigue performance, can be attained. This paper presents a number of strategies for improving the performance of PMMA as an orthopedic structural polymer, including modification of the polymer chemistry, incorporation of acrylic reinforcement and the use of metal braids as reinforcement of a specimen exterior. Experimentally measured properties of the material are presented. Results include up to 100% increase in cycles to failure compared to commercially available medical grade PMMA through chemistry modifications, up to 800% increases due to fiber reinforcement, and further significant improvements due to metal braid reinforcement.
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Gaur, Bhanupratap, Rupesh Ghyar, and Bhallamudi Ravi. "Additive Manufacturing Process Parameter Optimization for Titanium-Alloy Orthopedic Implants." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70436.

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Abstract Orthopedic implants are widely used for treating bone tumors and trauma defects in patients. The complex and organic geometry of patient-customized implants (PCIs) required in single order quantity makes them suitable for fabrication using additive manufacturing technologies such as Laser beam powder bed fusion. While there is considerable technical literature on these technologies, the choice of optimal process parameters to obtain the required quality considering the relevant applicable international quality standards for orthopedic implants is still a major challenge for the manufacturers. This experimental work relies on the minimum requirements of various mechanical properties recommended by ASTM F3001-14 and ASTM F136-13 standards for determining the optimal process parameters for PCI manufacture. Ti6Al4V ELI (Titanium–6Aluminum–4Vanadium Extra-Low-Interstitial) alloy test samples were fabricated using a Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) system. The three most critical printing parameters, namely, laser power, laser velocity and hatch distance, were varied in three levels using the Taguchi approach. Properties such as ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and part density were considered for optimizing the process parameter combinations using VIKOR, a multi-criteria decision-making technique. The results show that a combination of moderate laser power, high laser velocity and low hatch distance values produce implants with superior mechanical properties. The proposed methodology and results are expected to help researchers and manufacturers in choosing the initial process parameters for PCI fabrication.
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Aubry, Pascal, Olivier Hercher, Didier Nimal, and David Marchat. "Selective laser melting of bioceramics for direct manufacturing of orthopedic resorbable implants." In ICALEO® 2014: 33rd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5063128.

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Mathew, Cijo, and Arun Boby. "Corrosion behavior of graphene oxide coated AZ91-1Ca-0.65Sn magnesium alloy for orthopedic implants." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: STAM 20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017454.

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Reports on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Strength of materials"

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Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.
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