Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orthopedic implants – Materials

Academic literature on the topic 'Orthopedic implants – Materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Materials"

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Bai, Gong, Chen, Sun, Zhang, Cai, Zhu, and Xie. "Additive Manufacturing of Customized Metallic Orthopedic Implants: Materials, Structures, and Surface Modifications." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9091004.

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Metals have been used for orthopedic implants for a long time due to their excellent mechanical properties. With the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, studying customized implants with complex microstructures for patients has become a trend of various bone defect repair. A superior customized implant should have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties matching the defect bone. To meet the performance requirements of implants, this paper introduces the biomedical metallic materials currently applied to orthopedic implants from the design to manufacture, elaborates the structure design and surface modification of the orthopedic implant. By selecting the appropriate implant material and processing method, optimizing the implant structure and modifying the surface can ensure the performance requirements of the implant. Finally, this paper discusses the future development trend of the orthopedic implant.
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Wildemann, Britt, and Klaus D. Jandt. "Infections @ Trauma/Orthopedic Implants: Recent Advances on Materials, Methods, and Microbes—A Mini-Review." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 5834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195834.

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Implants and materials are indispensable in trauma and orthopedic surgery. The continuous improvements of implant design have resulted in an optimized mechanical function that supports tissue healing and restoration of function. One of the still unsolved problems with using implants and materials is infection. Trauma and material implantation change the local inflammatory situation and enable bacterial survival and material colonization. The main pathogen in orthopedic infections is Staphylococcus aureus. The research efforts to optimize antimicrobial surfaces and to develop new anti-infective strategies are enormous. This mini-review focuses on the publications from 2021 with the keywords S. aureus AND (surface modification OR drug delivery) AND (orthopedics OR trauma) AND (implants OR nails OR devices). The PubMed search yielded 16 original publications and two reviews. The original papers reported the development and testing of anti-infective surfaces and materials: five studies described an implant surface modification, three developed an implant coating for local antibiotic release, the combination of both is reported in three papers, while five publications are on antibacterial materials but not metallic implants. One review is a systematic review on the prevention of stainless-steel implant-associated infections, the other addressed the possibilities of mixed oxide nanotubes. The complexity of the approaches differs and six of them showed efficacy in animal studies.
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Kopec, Mateusz, Adam Brodecki, Grzegorz Szczęsny, and Zbigniew L. Kowalewski. "Microstructural Analysis of Fractured Orthopedic Implants." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092209.

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In this paper, fracture behavior of four types of implants with different geometries (pure titanium locking plate, pure titanium femoral implant, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy pelvic implant, X2CrNiMo18 14-3 steel femoral implant) was studied in detail. Each implant fractured in the human body. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the potential cause of implants fracture. It was found that the implants fracture mainly occurred in consequence of mechanical overloads resulting from repetitive, prohibited excessive limb loads or singular, un-intendent, secondary injures. Among many possible loading types, the implants were subjected to an excessive fatigue loads with additional interactions caused by screws that were mounted in their threaded holes. The results of this work enable to conclude that the design of orthopedic implants is not fully sufficient to transduce mechanical loads acting over them due to an increasing weight of treated patients and much higher their physical activity.
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Memarian, Parastoo, Elham Pishavar, Federica Zanotti, Martina Trentini, Francesca Camponogara, Elisa Soliani, Paolo Gargiulo, Maurizio Isola, and Barbara Zavan. "Active Materials for 3D Printing in Small Animals: Current Modalities and Future Directions for Orthopedic Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031045.

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The successful clinical application of bone tissue engineering requires customized implants based on the receiver’s bone anatomy and defect characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in small animal orthopedics has recently emerged as a valuable approach in fabricating individualized implants for receiver-specific needs. In veterinary medicine, because of the wide range of dimensions and anatomical variances, receiver-specific diagnosis and therapy are even more critical. The ability to generate 3D anatomical models and customize orthopedic instruments, implants, and scaffolds are advantages of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics. Furthermore, this technology provides veterinary medicine with a powerful tool that improves performance, precision, and cost-effectiveness. Nonetheless, the individualized 3D-printed implants have benefited several complex orthopedic procedures in small animals, including joint replacement surgeries, critical size bone defects, tibial tuberosity advancement, patellar groove replacement, limb-sparing surgeries, and other complex orthopedic procedures. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the application of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics based on already published papers as well as the techniques and materials used to fabricate 3D-printed objects. Finally, the advantages, current limitations, and future directions of 3D printing in small animal orthopedics have been addressed.
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Tan, Gang, Jing Xu, Walter Munesu Chirume, Jieyu Zhang, Hui Zhang, and Xuefeng Hu. "Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Coating Materials for Orthopedic Implants: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111401.

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Orthopedic implant failure is the most common complication of orthopedic surgery, causing serious trauma and resulting in a tremendous economic burden for patients. There are many reasons for implant failure, among which peri-implant infection (or implant-related infection) and aseptic loosening are the most important. At present, orthopedic doctors have many methods to treat these complications, such as revision surgery, which have shown good results. However, if peri-implant infection can be prevented, this will bring about significant social benefits. Many studies have focused on adding antibacterial substances to the implant coating, and with a deeper understanding of the mechanism of implant failure, adding such substances by different modification methods has become a research hot spot. This review aims to summarize the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory substances that can be used as coating materials in orthopedic implants and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of implant failure caused by implant-related infection and excessive inflammation.
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Filip, Nina, Iulian Radu, Bogdan Veliceasa, Cristiana Filip, Mihaela Pertea, Andreea Clim, Alin Constantin Pinzariu, Ilie Cristian Drochioi, Remus Lucian Hilitanu, and Ionela Lacramioara Serban. "Biomaterials in Orthopedic Devices: Current Issues and Future Perspectives." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101544.

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In orthopedics, bone fixation imposes the use of implants in almost all cases. Over time, the materials used for the implant have evolved from inert materials to those that mimic the morphology of the bone. Therefore, bioabsorbable, biocompatible, and bioactive materials have emerged. Our study aimed to review the main types of implant materials used in orthopedics and present their advantages and drawbacks. We have searched for the pros and cons of the various types of material in the literature from over the last twenty years. The studied data show that consecrated metal alloys, still widely used, can be successfully replaced by new types of polymers. The data from the literature show that, by manipulating their composition, the polymeric compounds can simulate the structure of the different layers of human bone, while preserving its mechanical characteristics. In addition, manipulation of the polymer composition can provide the initiation of desired cellular responses. Among the implanting materials, polyurethane is distinguished as the most versatile polymeric material for use both as orthopedic implants and as material for biomechanical testing of various bone reduction and fixation techniques.
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Kwan, Millie, and Ri Zhi Wang. "Bio-Fabrication of Nacre on Conventional Implant Materials." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.255.

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Nacreous coatings on orthopedic implants can be advantageous because of its robust mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and ability to promote bone growth. The biofabrication of nacreous coatings on conventional orthopedic implant materials via biomineralization process from abalone shells was examined. The objective was to investigate the effect of different materials on nacreous coating growth. The coatings were characterized by SEM/EDS and XRD. It was found that different materials resulted in different surface morphologies and coating thicknesses, although the main mineral formed was aragonite. Calcium carbonate coating was formed on the entire surface of the poly (methyl methacrylate) and high density polyethylene implants and resulted in a thick coating, while the titanium implants showed thinner coating at the same growing period.
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Moore, Kelly, Niraj Gupta, Tripti Thapa Gupta, Khushi Patel, Jacob R. Brooks, Anne Sullivan, Alan S. Litsky, and Paul Stoodley. "Mapping Bacterial Biofilm on Features of Orthopedic Implants In Vitro." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030586.

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Implant-associated infection is a major complication of orthopedic surgery. One of the most common organisms identified in periprosthetic joint infections is Staphylococcus aureus, a biofilm-forming pathogen. Orthopedic implants are composed of a variety of materials, such as titanium, polyethylene and stainless steel, which are at risk for colonization by bacterial biofilms. Little is known about how larger surface features of orthopedic hardware (such as ridges, holes, edges, etc.) influence biofilm formation and attachment. To study how biofilms might form on actual components, we submerged multiple orthopedic implants of various shapes, sizes, roughness and material type in brain heart infusion broth inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus SAP231, a bioluminescent USA300 strain. Implants were incubated for 72 h with daily media exchanges. After incubation, implants were imaged using an in vitro imaging system (IVIS) and the metabolic signal produced by biofilms was quantified by image analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was then used to image different areas of the implants to complement the IVIS imaging. Rough surfaces had the greatest luminescence compared to edges or smooth surfaces on a single implant and across all implants when the images were merged. The luminescence of edges was also significantly greater than smooth surfaces. These data suggest implant roughness, as well as large-scale surface features, may be at greater risk of biofilm colonization.
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Sui, Junhao, Shu Liu, Mengchen Chen, and Hao Zhang. "Surface Bio-Functionalization of Anti-Bacterial Titanium Implants: A Review." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081125.

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Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy have been widely used in orthopedics. However, the successful application of titanium implants is mainly limited due to implant-associated infections. The implant surface contributes to osseointegration, but also has the risk of accelerating the growth of bacterial colonies, and the implant surfaces infected with bacteria easily form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm-related implant infections are a disastrous complication of trauma orthopedic surgery and occur when an implant is colonized by bacteria. Surface bio-functionalization has been extensively studied to better realize the inhibition of bacterial proliferation to further optimize the mechanical functions of implants. Recently, the surface bio-functionalization of titanium implants has been presented to improve osseointegration. However, there are still numerous clinical and non-clinical challenges. In this review, these aspects were highlighted to develop surface bio-functionalization strategies for enhancing the clinical application of titanium implants to eliminate implant-associated infections.
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Hussain, Muzamil, Syed Hasan Askari Rizvi, Naseem Abbas, Uzair Sajjad, Muhammad Rizwan Shad, Mohsin Ali Badshah, and Asif Iqbal Malik. "Recent Developments in Coatings for Orthopedic Metallic Implants." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070791.

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Titanium, stainless steel, and CoCrMo alloys are the most widely used biomaterials for orthopedic applications. The most common causes of orthopedic implant failure after implantation are infections, inflammatory response, least corrosion resistance, mismatch in elastic modulus, stress shielding, and excessive wear. To address the problems associated with implant materials, different modifications related to design, materials, and surface have been developed. Among the different methods, coating is an effective method to improve the performance of implant materials. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent studies has been carried out to summarize the impact of coating materials on metallic implants. The antibacterial characteristics, biodegradability, biocompatibility, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties for performance evaluation are briefly summarized. Different effective coating techniques, coating materials, and additives have been summarized. The results are useful to produce the coating with optimized properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Materials"

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Tirunagari, Prashanthi. "Nanomechanical characterization of femoral head materials." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5906.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 30, 1981) Includes bibliographical references.
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Bell, Bryan Frederick Jr. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7962.

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Lee, Goonhee. "Selective laser sintering of calcium phosphate materials for orthopedic implants /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bell, Bryan Frederick. "Functionally graded, multilayer diamondlike carbon-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings for orthopedic implants." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131058/unrestricted/bell%5Fbryan%5Ff%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.

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Wong, Kai-lun, and 黄棨麟. "Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone biomaterials in orthopaedic implants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182505.

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Wong, Kai-lun. "Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced polyetheretherketone biomaterials in orthopaedic implants." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182505.

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Fang, Liming. "Processing of HA/UHMWPE for orthopaedic applications /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20FANG.

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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-138). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Flanigan, Kyle Yusef. "Synthesis of HAP nano rods and processing of nano-size ceramic reinforced poly (L) lactic acid composites /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10616.

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Garrido, Luiz Fernando. "Avaliação do desempenho de implantes de polietileno e de fosfato tricalcio, recobertos por hidrogel, em defeitos osteocondrais no joelho de cães." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313400.

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Orientador: William Dias Belangero
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garrido_LuizFernando_M.pdf: 3331524 bytes, checksum: 50f44c5fff048c0f9e4c220b4f7e52f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho in vivo, de implantes cilíndricos com altura e diâmetro de 5mm formados por cerâmica ß-tricálcio fosfato (ß-TCP) ou polietileno de ultra-alto peso molecular (PEUAPM) todos recobertos com hidrogel de poli (2-hidroxi etil metacrilato) - poli(metacrilato de metila-co-ácido acrílico) (75:25) (pHEMA/poli (MMA-co-AA)) para preencher defeitos osteocondrais nos joelhos direito e esquerdo de cães. Foram operados treze cães machos com peso entre 15 e 25 kg fornecidos pelo Canil do Centro Multi Institucional de Bioterismo da Unicamp, sem raça definida, em bom estado de nutrição, vacinados após período prévio de quarentena. Cinco cães foram utilizados como controle e oito foram seguidos por nove meses após a colocação dos implantes. Os implantes de cerâmica foram colocados no sulco troclear do joelho direito e os de polietileno no joelho esquerdo. Foram realizadas análises da superfície do implante macroscópica (in vivo e in vitro), mecânica e microscópica, com a finalidade de avaliar a formação de tecido sobre o implante, o seu desgaste, o se desempenho viscoelástico e a interface formada entre o implante e o tecido ósseo. Os implantes de cerâmica apresentaram desempenho inferior ao polimérico, em todos os critérios avaliados. Embora não tenha havido desgaste significativo na superfície do hidrogel os dois implantes estudados produziram abrasão na superfície da patela
Abstract: This study had the purpose of evaluating ¿in vivo¿ the performance of ß-TCP ceramic or extreme high molecular weight polyethylene cylindrical implants, with height and diameter of 5mm, all covered with poly(2-HEMA) ¿ poly(methyl methacrilate-co-acrilic acid) hydro gel (polyHEMA/poly(MMA-co-AA) (75:25) in order to fill in bone defects in both the right and left knees of dogs. Thirteen male dogs weighting between 15 and 25kg, supplied by UNICAMP¿s Centro Multi Institucional de Bioterismo, were operated. All the dogs were well nourished, vaccinated and the operation took place after a previous quarantine period. Five dogs were used as control and eight were followed for nine months after putting the implants. The ceramic implants were placed in the right knees and the polyethylene ones in the left knees. Macroscopic, mechanic and microscopic analyses of the implant surface, (both in vivo and in vitro) were performed, in order to evaluate the tissue formation on the implant, the wearing off of the implant, the viscoelastic performance and the interface between the implant and the bone tissue. The ceramic implants presented an inferior performance when compared to the polymeric ones, in all of the evaluated aspects. Although there was no significant degradation on the hydro gel surface, both studied implants produced erosion on the kneecap surface
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Chang, Hsuan-chen. "Porous bioceramic and biomaterial for bone implants /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Books on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Materials"

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Ram, Kossowsky, Kossovsky Nir, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Materials sciences and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1986.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Science and Implant Orthopaedic Surgery (2nd 1994 Crete, Greece). Advances in materials science and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, 1995.

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Ram, Kossowsky, Kossovsky Nir, and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Materials Science and Implant Orthopaedic Surgery (1994 : Chania, Greece), eds. Advances in materials science and implant orthopedic surgery. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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Orthopaedic biomaterials in research and practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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M, Williams J., Nichols M. F, Zingg Walter 1924-, and Materials Research Society, eds. Biomedical materials. Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1986.

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J, Yaszemski Michael, ed. Biomaterials in orthopedics. New York: M. Dekker, 2004.

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European Conference on Biomaterials (5th 1985 Paris, France. Biological and biomechanical performance of biomaterials: Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Biomaterials, Paris, France, September 4-6, 1985. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Emanuel, Horowitz, Parr Jack E, and ASTM Committee F-4 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices., eds. Characterization and performance of calcium phosphate coatings for implants. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1994.

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A, Barbosa Mário, and Campilho A, eds. Imaging techniques in biomaterials: Digital image processing applied to orthopaedic and dental implants. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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International, ASM, ed. Biomaterials in orthopaedic surgery. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Materials"

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Bardos, Denes I. "Metallurgy of Orthopaedic Implants." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 125–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_11.

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Armbruster, David. "Anti-Infection Technologies for Orthopedic Implants: Materials and Considerations for Commercial Development." In Orthopedic Biomaterials, 219–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89542-0_11.

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Hastings, G. W. "Carbon and Plastic Materials for Orthopaedic Implants." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 263–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_21.

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Ling, R. S. M. "The Utilisation of Implants in Clinical Orthopaedics." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 13–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_2.

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Lipka, John M., and Harcharan S. Ranu. "The Role of Carbon Fibers in Orthopedic Implants: A Review." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 335–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_25.

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Engelhardt, A. "Biomechanical and Biochemical Adaptation of Skeletal Implants (Clinical and Experimental Results)." In Materials Sciences and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 85–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4474-9_7.

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Bhamare, Sagar, Seetha Ramaiah Mannava, Leonora Felon, David Kirschman, Vijay Vasudevan, and Dong Qian. "Design of Dynamic and Fatigue-Strength-Enhanced Orthopedic Implants." In Multiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials, 333–50. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118402955.ch18.

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Homsy, C. A. "R&D and Manufacturing of Biomaterials and Implants in the Socio-Political Context." In Advances in Materials Science and Implant Orthopedic Surgery, 83–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0157-8_7.

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Nakai, Masaaki, Mitsuo Niinomi, Ken Cho, and Kengo Narita. "Enhancing Functionalities of Metallic Materials by Controlling Phase Stability for Use in Orthopedic Implants." In Interface Oral Health Science 2014, 79–91. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55192-8_7.

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Rabeeh, Bakr M. "Borate Glass Nano Fiber/Whiskers in a Hybrid Orthopedic Composite Implants for Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 1567–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_197.

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Conference papers on the topic "Orthopedic implants – Materials"

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Jan, Zala, Veno Kononenko, Matej Hočevar, Damjana Drobne, Drago Dolinar, Boštjan Kocjančič, Monika Jenko, and Veronika Kralj - Iglič. "Scanning Electron Microscope Images of HUVEC Cells Treated with Materials Used for Processing of Orthopaedic and Dental Implants." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d14.

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Use of orthopedic implants (OI) and dental implants (DI) is increasing due to obesity and ageing of the population. To increase the bio-functionality of metallic biomaterials, used for OI and DI, it is important to modify their surface composition, roughness, and structure without altering their me-chanical properties. Different materials, such as minerals and inorganic compounds are used for coating OI and DI, however, they may cause response of the cells that are in contact with them in the body. To optimize the use of the materials in implant design, it is of interest to study the effect of the materials on cells. Here we present observations of micron-sized particles of milled Al2O3, TiO2 and hydroxyapatite (HA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by scanning electron mi-croscope. We observed morphological changes of the cells – budding of the cell membrane. Compar-ing to the control, more cells were detached from the glass they were grown on, indicating possibility of increased cell death or inability of the cells to attach to the surface. Described changes can be due to oxidative stress and inflammatory response of the treated cells. Keywords: Orthopedic implants; Inorganic coatings; Dental implants; in vitro cell lines; Inflamma-tory response; Oxidative stress
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Badisha, Venkateswarlu, Suni Kumar Rajulapati, and Ratna Sunil Buradagunta. "Developing Mg Based Composites for Degradable Orthopedic Implant Applications: A Review." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-y3p82n.

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Research on developing degradable implants from metals is one of the potential research fields in the biomedical engineering. Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are the three metallic systems widely investigated as potential materials to manufacture degradable orthopedic and stent applications. Among them, magnesium-based implants have shown promising properties suitable for orthopedic and stent applications. In spite of several benefits such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity and degradability, magnesium is associated with a few limitations including rapid corrosion and evolution of hydrogen during the degradation in the biological environment. Several materials engineering strategies have been employed to address the limitation of magnesium. Developing composites by incorporating suitable reinforcements into Mg is such promising route to develop Mg based implants with tailored properties. The present review provides a snap shot of the developments reported in development of Mg based composite for degradable implant applications. Different phases used to incorporate into Mg and the influenced properties with the future scope and the challenges are presented.
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Ryu, Jae-Joong, and Pranav Shrotriya. "Roughness Evolution of Metallic Implant Surfaces Under Contact Loading and Nanoscale Chemical Etching: Influence of Surface Roughness and Contact Loading." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206321.

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Metallic materials are chosen for orthopedic implants because of their high load-bearing capacity, low cost and low wear rates. However, repeated contact loading at taper-locked or clamped of metallic implant interfaces results in formation of soluble and particulate debris due to the simultaneous action of mechanical loading and electrochemical reactions in the corrosive physiological environment [1–3]. Previous work on understanding metallic implant surface damage due to mechanical load assisted dissolution has run the gamut from examination of retrieved implants [4, 5, 6 ] to in-vitro implant scale experiments (see for instance [7] and references in review articles [2, 5]). Results of these studies indicate that there is a synergistic interaction of mechanical loading and electrochemical oxidation i.e. material degradation is accelerated by the combined effects of contact loading and corrosion.
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4

Schroeder, Megan, and Steven R. Schmid. "Improved Performance of Polymethyl Methacrylate for Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Implants." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72466.

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based polymers are commonly used in orthopedic implant applications, and have been a successful cement for many decades. Recent implant designs use PMMA as a structural material, and additional applications are envisioned, but only if improvements in the PMMA mechanical properties, especially fatigue performance, can be attained. This paper presents a number of strategies for improving the performance of PMMA as an orthopedic structural polymer, including modification of the polymer chemistry, incorporation of acrylic reinforcement and the use of metal braids as reinforcement of a specimen exterior. Experimentally measured properties of the material are presented. Results include up to 100% increase in cycles to failure compared to commercially available medical grade PMMA through chemistry modifications, up to 800% increases due to fiber reinforcement, and further significant improvements due to metal braid reinforcement.
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5

Aubry, Pascal, Olivier Hercher, Didier Nimal, and David Marchat. "Selective laser melting of bioceramics for direct manufacturing of orthopedic resorbable implants." In ICALEO® 2014: 33rd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5063128.

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6

Fashanu, Felicia F., Denis J. Marcellin-Little, and Barbara S. Linke. "Review of Surface Finishing of Additively Manufactured Metal Implants." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8419.

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Abstract Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, commonly referred to as 3D printing, provide a good prospect for medical applications because complex geometries and customized parts can be fabricated to meet individual patient needs. Orthopedic implants are a group of medical parts with high relevance for AM. This paper discusses relevant AM technologies, several orthopedic applications, materials and material properties, mechanical surface finishing techniques, and measurement techniques from the literature. Today, most metal 3D printed implants are manufactured through metal powder bed fusion technology which includes direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), selective laser melting (SLM), and electron beam melting (EBM). Common materials include titanium alloys, cobalt chromium (CoCr) and stainless steel, chosen because of their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Surface finishing is most often required for 3D printed implants due to the relatively poor surface quality to meet the desired surface texture for the application. Typically, postprocessing is done mechanically, including manual and automated grinding, sandblasting, polishing, or chemically, including electrochemical polishing. This review also covers an overview of surface quality characterization of AM metal implants which includes surface texture and topography. The surface parameters used to characterize the surface of the implants: surface roughness (Ra), differences between the peak and valley (Rz), waviness, and micro-finish.
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7

Mathew, Cijo, and Arun Boby. "Corrosion behavior of graphene oxide coated AZ91-1Ca-0.65Sn magnesium alloy for orthopedic implants." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS: STAM 20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017454.

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8

Salahshoor, M., and Y. B. Guo. "Contact Mechanics in Low Plasticity Burnishing of Biomedical Magnesium-Calcium Alloy." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41213.

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Magnesium-Calcium (Mg-Ca) alloys are promising biomedical materials in manufacturing biodegradable orthopedic fixation implants. Low plastic burnishing (LPB) has emerged as an enabling manufacturing technique to produce superior surface integrity of orthopedic implants to increase corrosion resistance of Mg-Ca implants. The basic understanding on contact mechanics between burnishing ball and the workpiece is essential to understand process mechanics. The contact mechanics is further complicated by normal force reduction due to hydraulic pressure loss, the penetration depth, and elastic recovery. In this study, the measured rolling force shows maximum 23% reduction compared with the theoretical value. A 2D axisymmetric, semi-infinite FEM model has been developed to predict the amount of elastic recovery after burnishing. The dynamic mechanical behavior of the material is modeled using a user material subroutine of the internal state variable plasticity model. The simulated dent geometry agrees with the measured data in terms of dent profile and depth. Acoustic emission (AE) process monitoring signals are recorded and the likely correlation with predicted residual stress, plastic strain, and temperature distributions are studied to obtain an in-process monitoring tool.
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Gong, Haibo, Antonios Kontsos, Yoontae Kim, Peter I. Lelkes, Qingwei Zhang, Donggang Yao, Kavan Hazeli, and Jack G. Zhou. "Micro Characterization of Mg and Mg Alloy for Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants Application." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7395.

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Magnesium as a candidate metallic biomaterial for biodegradable orthopedic implants was evaluated in-vitro in terms of degradation behavior, biocompatibility and mechanical property both in macro- and micro-scale. Micro structure of pure Mg and AZ61 after degradation in both simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture environment were analyzed. Different from AZ61, pure Mg degraded at a higher rate and attracted large amount of salt precipitation which formed a layer covering the surface. Much less pitting degradation and salt deposition were observed on both pure Mg and AZ61 in cell culture environment compared to in SBF. After culturing for 7 days, EAhy926 cells growing on AZ61 showed significant higher proliferation rate as of cells growing on pure Mg. Higher proliferation rates indicated that cells grew better on slow-degrading AZ61 than on fast-degrading pure Mg. Cells growing on AZ61 proliferated much better and assembled together to form a consistent tissue-like micro-structure, while cells spread and reached out on the surface of pure Mg, possibly due to low cell density and lack of cellular communication. The elastic modulus and tensile yield strength of magnesium are closer to those of natural bone than other commonly used metallic biomaterials. It was shown that Mg was biodegradable, biocompatible and had appropriate mechanical strength, thus Mg and its alloys showed great potential for deployment in a new generation of biodegradable orthopedic implants.
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Ponder, Robert I., Mohsen Safaei, and Steven R. Anton. "Validation of Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring in a Simulated Biomedical Implant System." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8012.

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Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is an important and in-demand procedure for the aging population of the United States. In recent decades, the number of TKR procedures performed has shown an increase. This pattern is expected to continue in the coming decades. Despite medical advances in orthopedic surgery, a high number of patients, approximately 20%, are dissatisfied with their procedure outcomes. Common causes that are suggested for this dissatisfaction include loosening of the implant components as well as infection. To eliminate loosening as a cause, it is necessary to determine the state of the implant both intra- and post-operatively. Previous research has focused on passively sensing the compartmental loads between the femoral and tibial components. Common methods include using strain gauges or even piezoelectric transducers to measure force. An alternative to this is to perform real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) of the implant to determine changes in the state of the system. A commonly investigated method of SHM, referred to as the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, involves using the coupled electromechanical properties of piezoelectric transducers to measure the host structure’s condition. The EMI method has already shown promise in aerospace and infrastructure applications, but has seen limited testing for use in the biomechanical field. This work is intended to validate the EMI method for use in detecting damage in cemented bone-implant interfaces, with TKR being used as a case study to specify certain experimental parameters. An experimental setup which represents the various material layers found in a bone-implant interface is created with various damage conditions to determine the ability for a piezoelectric sensor to detect and quantify the change in material state. The objective of this work is to provide validation as well as a foundation on which additional work in SHM of orthopedic implants and structures can be performed.
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