Journal articles: 'Orthopantomogramme'

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Douilly, G., M. A. Fauroux, and J. H. Torres. "Radio-opacités sur un orthopantomogramme." Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale 114, no. 6 (December 2013): e17-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revsto.2013.06.006.

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Faryal, Asma, and Attiya Shaikh. "RELIABILITY OF ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM IN COMPARISON TO LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM FOR LINEAR MANDIBULAR MEASUREMENTS." Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 34, no. 4(SUPPL 1) (October 11, 2022): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55519/jamc-04-s4-10338.

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Background: Mandibular asymmetries are commonly seen as asymmetric traits among orthodontic and orthognathic patients which require bilateral mandibular assessment for diagnosis and treatment. An orthopantomogram can be used to measure and compare right and left sides of mandible. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of left and right sides of orthopantomogram for determining the linear mandibular measurements and to check whether these values are identical with the values of linear mandibular measurements determined from lateral cephalogram. Methods: Orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram were taken from 118 patients of age group 12–35 years from Orthodontic department, Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Linear mandibular measurements were detected and compared between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms. Right and the left sides of orthopantomograms were compared for all of the linear mandibular parameters by using paired t-test. Independent sample t-test was performed for the comparison between orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when orthopantomograms were compared with lateral cephalograms for mandibular body length (p=0.000) and total mandibular length (p=0.000). No statistically significant difference was found between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms for ramus height (p=0.226, p=0.177). Neither any significant difference was observed between right and left sides of an orthopantomogram. Conclusion: An orthopantomogram can be used to evaluate vertical mandibular measurements as reliably as a lateral cephalogram. However, it is required for clinicians to be vigilant when determining horizontal mandibular measurements from orthopantomograms as they are unpredictable.

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Fattah, Assit prof Dr Ahlam A. "Utilization of Orthopantomograms in Dental Radiology." Mustansiria Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v4i1.579.

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Orthopantomogram is a radiographic technique that improves the possibility of early detection of dental anomalies.This study was representing a base line diagnostic information which obtained from each patient utilizes orthopantomogram in x-ray clinic at hospital of Surgeries Specialization (ALshaheed Addnan previously).Data was collected from randomly chosen 696 dentate patients who were radiographed for different reasons. The age range was between 5-45years.Results revealed that, the main reason for taking orthopantomograms was to investigate different orthodontic problems (41.4%), then impacted teeth (25%), facial fractures due to trauma (13.7%), mixed dentition development (11.5%), and finally periodontal diseases (8.3%). High percentage of patients was in range of age group between (5-15) (51.1%).This study focuses on the importance of using orthopantomograms as a most indispensable method on achieving complete diagnostic information.

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Pandey, Nashib, Sujaya Gupta, Ankit Shah, Anju Khapung, and Bhageshwar Dhami. "Sub Sinus Ridge Height at First Molar Region- A Panoramic Radiograph Based Study." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i2.2675.

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Background: Among various replacement options available for maxillary molars, implants necessitate the need to examine available ridge height and width. Panoramic radiographs (orthopantomograms) are routinely used for preliminary determination of ridge height which is helpful in communicating with patients regarding treatment needs and options. This study was designed with the aim to assess the sub sinus ridge height at dentulous and edentulous first molar sites.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to November 2019 among patients visiting the dental college. The orthopantomograms of 455 patients were prospectively collected and analysed using Carestream imaging software (version 7.0.0). Distance from alveolar crest to maxillary sinus was measured in first molar region. Results: Mean minimal sub sinus ridge height at non-missing maxillary first molar site was 8.16 ± 2.6 mm, whereas for missing maxillary first molar site it was 5.25 ± 2.28 mm and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference among the age groups and minimum subsinus ridge height (p<0.001) was observed. Conclusions: Missing maxillary first molar sites may often require vertical bone augmentation with direct sinus lifting procedures if it has to undergo replacement with dental implants in the representative Nepalese population.Keywords: Implant; Nepalese; orthopantomogram; panoramic radiography; sinus augmentation

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Ayub, Iqra, Maryam Rehman, Maria Nawaz, Maria Jabbar, Hira Butt, and Fahmina Jamil. "Inter-Rater Reliability to the Assessment of Ramus Relationship of Mandibular Impacted Third Molar Among Denitsts: An Orthopantomographic Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023171394.

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Objective: To find the inter-rater reliability to the assessment of ramus relationship of mandibular impacted third molar among denitsts. Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore after obtaining ethical clearance from ethical committee of Sharif Medical Research Centre (SMRC) in which dentists from three different specialties namely; Oral Pathology, Endodontics and Prosthodontics were included as raters. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 21 Orthopantomograms were assigned to each rater for assessing the ramus relationship of impacted third molar. The classification for angle of impaction used was Winter`s classification. The raters were provided with the OPGs and a proforma for recording their observations. Results: The level of agreement regarding the ramus relationship of impacted third molars observed on the Orthopantomograms between rater 1 and rater 2 was fair (κ=0.366 ,p=0.022). The agreement was also fair between rater 1 and rater 3 (κ=0.300, p=0.094). Conclusion: There was a fair agreement in assessment of ramus relation of the impacted mandibular molars of rater 1 with rater 2 and 3 where majority of the class 2 and class 3 relations were rated similarly by both the raters as Keywords: Inter-rater reliability, Cohen Kappa, Impacted third molar, Orthopantomogram, Ramus relationship

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Isakova, O., and V. Makeev. "Assessment of the dynamics of x-ray morphometric indices of the jaws in children with variable bite." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 106, no. 2 (2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-2-68.

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Purpose: to determine the peculiarities of the dynamics of the roentgenomorphometric indices of the jaws in children during the period of mixed bite. Materials and methods. The study assessed the dynamics of radiological indices (mental index (MI), gonial index (GI), upper and lower panoramic mandibular indices (PMI-S and PMI-i)). The study used orthopantomograms of 107 children (65 boys and 42 girls) aged 6–13 years from Lvov and Lviv region. All children were divided into age groups with the preservation of a proportional and harmonious distribution, both by sex and by age. Results. After evaluating the results of the study, the age periods of active restructuring of the bone structure of the child's jaws were identified. A characteristic feature of variations in index indicators is different age phases of active changes for boys and girls. The only common period for both sexes is the age of 9–10 years, when there is an increase in almost all index indicators, which coincides with the beginning of the eruption of multi-rooted teeth. Conclusions. Evaluation of index indicators using orthopantomograms in children during the period of mixed bite is an important diagnostic criterion for detecting active morphometric changes in the bone structures of the maxillofacial region, as well as an auxiliary diagnostic criterion when planning the timing of dental or orthodontic intervention. Key words: orthopantomogram, radiological indices, mental index, gonial index, upper and lower panoramic mandibular indices.

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Shrestha, Vikash Veer, Ansu Piya, Anju Khapung, and Prakash Bhattarai. "Comparison of Accuracy of Gonial Angle of Orthopantomogram and Lateral Cephalogram for Mandibular Measurements among Orthodontic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Kathmandu." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35497.

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Introduction: Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex which is generally used to evaluate the vertical parameters and symmetry of the facial skeleton. Gonial angle can be measured in both orthopantomogram (OPG) and lateral cephalograms. Due to the superimpositions seen while measuring the bilateral strucuture on lateral cephalograms, reliable measurement of the gonial angle becomes difficult. This study is done to clarify the possible application of orthopantomogram (OPG) for evaluating angular measurement of the mandible specifically gonial angle by comparing with lateral cephalogram. Materials and Method: All the patients (104) being treated from January 2018 to August 2020 in department of Orthodontics in Nepal Medical College were included in the study. Gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms of 104 patients – 54 males and 50 females with mean age of 22.20 ± 3.25 years. Patients aged 15-35 years were included in the study. Data was processed in SPSS version 16.0. Result: Mean Gonial angle in lateral cephalogram was greater than mean gonial angle in OPG and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The difference in mean gonial angle was found to be statistically significant when compared between right gonial angle in OPG and gonial angle in lateral cephalogram (p-value < 0.05) and also between left gonial angle in OPG and gonial angle in lateral cephalogram (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: When gonial angle values obtained from both sides of OPG were compared, no statistically significant difference was found. Significant differences were found when gonial angle values obtained from OPG right and left sides were compared with that of lateral cephalogram.

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Kaur, Ravdeep, Rajan Kumar Singla, Ravikant Sharma, and Sanju Singla. "Localization of mandibular foramen – a comparison between dry bones and orthopantomogram." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 5 (May 2022): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2022-0007.

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An inferior alveolar nerve block is a usual practice by a dental practitioner. Panoramic radiography is a widely used technique in dentistry to get a clear and comprehensive view before planning any treatment. The study aimed to compare the morphometric localization of mandibular foramen (MF) on dry bones and orthopantomogram. The study was designed in two phases: a morphometric study on dry human mandibles (phase I) and orthopantomograms of the same dry human mandibles (phase II). The study materials were 200 dry north Indian human mandibles belonging to unknown sex obtained from the Department of Anatomy. Descriptive statistics, including range, mean±standard deviation, paired t-test to compare dry bones and orthopantomogram, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and measurement error, were used. T-test was applied separately to compare the right and left sides of dry bones. The distance of mandibular foramen from the posterior border and lower border is shorter on the right side than on the left. Its distance from the anterior border and the mandibular notch was greater on the right side. On panoramic radiographs, the distance of MF from nearby anatomical landmarks on the mandible was highly unreliable except for the mandibular notch. Our findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between distances on dry bone and OPG but no statistically significant difference between MF-notch on both sides and MF-AB on the right side. As a result, a surgeon can rely upon a mandibular notch to locate mandibular foramen during clinical procedures. Magnification is an inbuilt property of OPG; for precise localization of MF, it is advisable to proceed with advanced three-dimensional techniques to protect viable anatomical structures.

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Kadhom, Zainab M. "Radiological age estimation using third molars mineralization in a sample attending orthodontic clinics (A retrospective study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 32, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v32i1.2759.

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Background: The evaluation of the chronological age is a practical method in crime investigation field that assists in identifying individuals to treat them as underage or adult. This study aimed to assess the stages of third molars mineralization in relation to chronological age of Iraqi individuals, determine the gender differences and arches (maxillary/mandibular) differences. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 orthopantomograms of orthodontic patients were collected according to specific criteria and evaluated visually. The developmental stages of maxillary and mandibular third molars were determined according to Demirjian method. The chronological age was recorded according to the particular mineralization stages at which it reached considering genders, sides and jaws. Comparisons were done using paired sample and independent sample t-tests. Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between maxillary and mandibular third molars. The maxillary third molars reached earlier than mandibular one in stages F and G. There was no significant difference between the mean ages of males and females at each given developmental stage in the maxillary and mandibular third molars except for the stage D in the maxilla and stages D and E in the mandible. The development of third molar teeth on the right and left sides was similar except for the maxillary arch in males when there was a significant difference in stage C and D and stage E in the mandibular arch. Conclusion: The Demirjian method is an excellent approach for age assessment using Orthopantomogram. All of the differences between the current study and other studies could be because of the difference in the populations who were chosen from different geographical areas. Keywords: Age estimation, Demirjian method, third molar, Orthopantomogram, chronological age.

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Khanal, Sanskriti, Jemish Acharya, and Priyanka Shah. "Dental Age Estimation by Demirjian’s and Nolla’s Method in Children of Jorpati, Kathmandu." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.20733.

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Background: Growing individuals not only differ in the timing of the maturational events, but also in the sequence of these events. Age is one of the essential factors, which play an important role in every aspect of life like in clinical, medico-legal, forensic and anthropological applications and in planning treatment of orthodontic and pedodontic patients. The aim of the study was to determine dental age from orthopantomogram using Demirjian’s method and Nolla’s method and to evaluate the interrelationship between chronological and dental age according to both these methods. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 177 orthopantomograms of the patient aged between 5 to 15 years. Dental age estimation was done with Demirjian’s and Nolla’s method. Results: The mean chronological age 10.14 + 3.16 compared with the mean Demirjian age 9.58 + 3.39 was statistically non significant p > 0.05 whereas comparision with mean Nolla age 7.88+ 1.56 was significant statistically. Conclusions: Both methods showed delayed dental age compared to chronological age. Demirjian’s method was more applicable to assess the dental age in Nepalese children compared to Nolla’s method.Keywords: chronological age; dental age; Demirjian’s method; Nolla’s method.

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Hennig, Christoph-Ludwig, Ina Manuela Schüler, Rebecca Scherbaum, Rika Buschek, Marcel Scheithauer, Collin Jacobs, and Hans-Joachim Mentzel. "Frequency of Dental X-ray Diagnostics in Children and Adolescents: What Is the Radiation Exposure?" Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030394.

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Children are exposed to ionizing radiation through radiographs during their development for various reasons. At present, there are no officially valid reference values for dental X-rays in children and adolescents for dental X-ray diagnostics. This study retrospectively examined 9,680 extraoral dental radiographs in pediatric patients between 2002 and 2020. The aim was to analyze the radiation doses in pediatric patients, which indications were used, and whether there were specific age and gender differences. The evaluation showed that radiation doses were considered low, with dose area products of 2.2 cGy x cm² for a lateral cephalogram, 14 cGy x cm² for an orthopantomogram (OPG), and 45 cGy x cm² for cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). This corresponds to an effective dose of 1.5 µSv for a lateral cephalogram, 7 µSv for an OPG, and 33.8 µSv for CBCT. Of the 9,680 images, 78 % were orthopantomograms, and only 0.4 % were CBCT images. OPG has become more important over the years, as reflected in the indication. Approximately one-third of all extraoral exposures are orthodontic indications. Overall, the indications were similar for both genders. According to the dental indications, boys were X-rayed slightly more frequently than girls (54.5 %–45.5 %). A future publication of dose guide values and corresponding guidelines is of high priority.

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Cosson, John. "Interpreting an orthopantomogram." Australian Journal of General Practice 49, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-07-20-5536.

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Khan, Mehwish, Faheem Nake Akhtar, Abdullah Jan, Fatima Hamid, and Sana Tariq. "GONIAL ANGLE DETERMINATION; A COMPARISON BETWEEN LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM AND BOTH HEMISPHERES OF ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM." PAFMJ 71, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 1460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i4.3346.

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Objective: To evaluate the mean values of Genial angle measured by Lateral cephalogram and Orthopantomogram. Study Design: comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019. Methodology: Patients irrespective of gender between the ages of 13-20 who reported for the treatment of class I malocclusion with complete anterior dentition were included. Orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram were drawn by the same person. Gonial angle on orthopantomogram was measured by drawing tangents on posterior border of ramus and lower border of mandible on both halves of orthopantomogram. On lateral cephalogram the angle was measured between ramus and mandible. Gonial angle measured from lateral cephalogram and orthopantomogram were compared. T-test was applied. Results: Mean age of the individuals was 18.33 ± 3.97 years. The mean gonial angle measured on lateral cephalogram was 122.66 ± 1.64 degrees while the mean gonial angle measured on right and left side of orthopantomogram was 122.41 ± 1.56 degrees and 122.33 ± 1.55 degrees respectively. Conclusion: Orthopantomogram can also be used to measure gonial angle as accurately as a lateral cephalogram with the advantage that there are no superimpositions and both the gonial angles can be measured simultaneously on orthopantomogram.

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Hulson, O., and N. Larkman. "Interpreting a normal orthopantomogram." BMJ 346, may20 7 (May 21, 2013): f3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3216.

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Keluskar, Vaishali, and Anilkumar Bhoweer. "Dimensional Distortion in Orthopantomogram." Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 16, no. 3 (2004): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-1363.169524.

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Bajracharya, Dipshikha, Bidhata Ojha, Sushmit Koju, Nisha Maharjan, and Ankit Shah. "Applicability of Pulp Tooth Area Ratio in Age Estimation using Mandibular Premolars." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 12, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v12i1.47482.

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Introduction: Age estimation is an important parameter in forensic for identification of individuals. Cameriere developed pulp tooth area ratio as age estimation method in Orthopantomogram. Objective of this study was to use Pulp tooth area ratio of mandibular premolars and derive population-specific equations for age estimation. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital from June 2021 to November 2021 after ethical clearance no 10/021. Total 392, Orthopantomograms of patients aged 17- 50 years with mandibular premolars were retrieved from Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The radiographic images were saved as JPEG file and images of premolars were processed using Image J software. Pulp and tooth area were measured and their ratio was calculated. Result: There were 178 males and 214 females with mean age of 22.39 years. Paired T tests showed good intra observer agreement between mandibular premolars. In our study pulp tooth area ratio ranged from 0.0109 to 0.2307 for 45, 0.0456 to 0.2030 for 44, 0.0413 to 0.2239 for 35 and 0.0639 to 0.2204 for 34. Linear regression analysis generated several formulae for all mandibular premolars which was statistically significant. Derived equations were used to test for accuracy in the 40 new samples which showed mean accuracy error between 5.65 to 6.40 years. Conclusion: Derived equations from Pulp tooth area ratio of mandibular premolars can be used for age estimation in young adults from Nepalese population sample.

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Chatgile, Rameshwar, Ajay Bhoosreddy, Chetan Bhadage, Sayali Sisodiya, and Tejal Gadkari. "Assessment of Morphological Variation of the Mandibular Condylar Process, Coronoid Process, and Sigmoid Notch in Temporomandibular Joints of Adult Population Using Digital Orthopantomogram Based on Age and Gender –A Cross-sectional Study." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 4 (June 20, 2022): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.4.70.

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Introduction: Orthopantomogram, a form of radiography that uses X-ray technology and is used in the diagnosis and treatment planning in various fields of dentistry, has been found to be less expensive than other advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the shape of mandibular condylar process, coronoid process, and sigmoid notch in various age groups and among the gender. Methods: A study was conducted using 150 digital orthopantomograms of patients. The different shapes of condylar process, coronoid process, and sigmoid notch were traced in computer using Galileos software. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. A Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the P-value which was ascertained to be significant if <0.05. Results: The condylar shapes commonly observed among males and females were round, coronoid process shapes were triangular in shape and round, and sigmoid notches were wide. These variations in condylar process, coronoid process, and sigmoid notch are most commonly seen in the age group of 20–30 years. When compared between gender-wise and age-wise, there were no statistical significance differences found with these variations. Conclusion: In the present study, morphological variation in the shape of the condylar process, coronoid process, and sigmoid notch was observed among the adult population. Knowing these variations can help detect gender, age, and diagnoses of pathologies.

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Upadhyay, Sumita, Sijan Poudyal, Prashant Khatiwada, Bibardha Khanal, and Rasna Shrestha. "Estimation of Dental Age by Demirjian and Willems Method In a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i2.43278.

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Introduction: Dental age estimation using orthopantomogram is very useful in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics inclinical diagnosis and treatment planning and also has forensic application. The objectives of this study were to estimate the dental age of children in a specific population of Nepal by Demirjian and Willems method, compare them with the chronological age and assess their applicability. Materials and Method: Digital orthopantomograms of 5 to 14 years of children were used to estimate the dental age by Demirjian’s 7- teeth method and Willems method. Descriptive statistics was used and mean with standard deviation was calculated for gender and age of the samples. Paired t-test was used for comparison of chronological age with dental age. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between chronological and dental age in both the genders. Result: By Demirjian method, there was an underestimation of 0.276 years in males and 0.194 in females and by Willems method, 0.652 in males and 0.847 in females which were statistically significant. There was an underestimation of dental age in all the age groups except in the age group of 5,7 and 14 for Demirjian age which was statistically nonsignificant. Pearson correlation demonstrated strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion: The underestimation of dental age was more by Willems method as compared to Demirjian method. There was a strong positive relationship between chronological age and dental age in both the genders. Demirjian’s 7- teeth method was more applicable as compared to Willems method when tested in selected Nepalese children population

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Sakya, Pranay Ratna, Rinky Nyachhyon, Amita Pradhan, Ratina Tamrakar, and Sudeep Acharya. "MORPHOLOGY OF CONDYLE- A RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.636.

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Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied. The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- and calculated in SPSS version 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the 874 mandibular condyles of 437 patients, the most common was the oval shaped in both the right (275) and the left sides (277), followed by bird beak, diamond, flat and crooked finger respectively. The oval shaped condyle appeared to be predominant in both sexes. The flat shaped and diamond shaped condyle appeared to be a rarity. Conclusions: The most common shape of condyle was found to be oval shape bilaterally and in both genders. Least observed shapes of condyle were flat shape in female patients and diamond shape in male patients.

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Subedi, Sushil, Ujjwal Koirala, and Bijayata Shrestha. "Indications for removal of impacted mandibular third molars and associated pathologies." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 13, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v13i2.31947.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the various indications of impacted mandibular third molar removal and pathologies associated with it. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Surgery, Gandaki Medical College. The clinical case records from September 2016 to August 2019 were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Surgically removed impacted mandibular third molars for which orthopantomogram were available and the lesions verified histologically were included in the study. Orthopantomograms were studied to determine the angular position of the impacted mandibular third molars and associated pathology. The data was entered in SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics was applied. Results: A total of 1344 impacted mandibular third molars (Male-709, 52.8%; Female - 635, 47.2%) were surgically extracted during the three-year period. The majority of patients (36.5%) were in the age groups of 25 - 34 years with a higher incidence of mesioangular impaction (33%). Recurrent pericoronitis (62.9%) was the most common indication followed by caries (11.7%). The radiographically detectable lesion was seen in 471 (35%) cases out of which 304 (64.5%) were symptomatic at the time of extraction. Among137 histopathologically diagnosed cases, chronic inflammatory lesion (76, 55.9%) was the most common finding. Conclusion: Awareness of the indications for removal of impacted mandibular third molars helps in proper management and prevention of future complications associated with retention and delayed extraction of such teeth. So, regular and periodic clinical and radiographic examination is required for patients with impacted mandibular third molars.

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Lall, A. B., M. Singhal, S. Tomar, A. Bhardwaj, S. Singh, and T. Kusum. "Study of pattern and prevalence of maxillary impacted third molars in Ghaziabad population." CARDIOMETRY, no. 25 (February 14, 2023): 1215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.12151217.

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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of upper impacted third molar with the help of orthopantomograms (OPG). Methodology: A total of 276 preoperative orthopantomograms were screened from the year 2020 – 2022 of the patients who reported to the Santosh Dental College and Hospital. Result: Out of 276 OPGs, 108 Orthopantomograms were excluded from the study as they did not fit under our inclusion criteria. Among 168 orthopantomograms, 96 were male patient (57.14%) and 72 were female patient (42.85%). The most common pattern of angulation seen in maxillary third molar was vertical (36% on right side and 31.2% on left side) followed by distoangular (11.71% on right side and 11.41% on left side), mesioangular (9% on right side and 12% on left side) and horizontal (0.57%). Class A impaction was common in maxilla. Conclusion: Surgical removal of the impacted maxillary third molar requires proper evaluation and assessment on the basis of different criteria.

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Mushtaq, Nasir, Syeda Shamal, Nayab Hassan, Jawad Ullah Shah, and Haider Ali. "Comparison of Prognostic Indicators of Maxillary Impacted Canine using OPG (Orthopantomogram) with CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography)." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 9, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.9-2.279.

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare OPG (orthopantomogram) in locating impacted canines with CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) scans of the same patients. METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional study was carried out on the OPG (orthopantomogram) and CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) of 27 patients (17 females and 10 males) presenting with impacted permanent maxillary canines. Thirty-five impacted canines were subsequently assessed on the four guidelines devised by McSherry and Pitt and applied to the panoramic films and CBCT scans. RESULTS: The results show weak agreement for the canine’s angle to the midline and the canine’s horizontal root apex position (k value=0.55, 0.46, respectively). Moreover, significant differences were found between the OPG (orthopantomogram) and the CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) for all the variables using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test (p=.000) CONCLUSION: The results showed a significant difference in the 2D and 3D images of impacted maxillary canines, which can produce different diagnoses, and therefore treatment plans. OPG (Orthopantomogram) cannot be completely relied upon for the routine diagnosis of impacted canines.

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Asim, Umal, Zubair Hassan Awaisi, and Zubair Ahmed. "Correlation between Mandibular 2nd Molar Calcification Stages and CVMI among Southern Punjab Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216877.

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Aim: To find out whether a correlation exists among the CVMI and dental calcification stages. Study design: Case-control study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan from 1st October 2020 to 30th April 2021 Methodology: One hundred and fifty orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms patients were incorporated. The dental maturity was evaluated using8 stages of Demirjian index from stage A to H. This index is graded by determining the calcification stages of the left mandibular second molar tooth on an orthopantomogram. The CVM stages based on the morphology of 2nd, 3rd and 4th cervical vertebral bones on a lateral cephalogram, discern the skeletal maturity. This included 6 stages from stage 1 to 6, based on the depth of concavity and shapes of the vertebrae. Results: The results showed a significant correlation amongst the dental calcification stages and CVMI, having a Pearson’s correlation coefficient ‘r’ of 0.741. A gender dimorphism was observed with males showing more progressive dental calcification stages in the CVM stages 2 and 3 as compared to their female counterparts. The dental calcification stage ‘D’ correlates with CVM stage 1 which occurs approximately 2 years prior to adolescent growth spurt. CVM stage 3 i.e. peak of adolescent growth spurt conforms to dental calcification stage ‘F’ in females and stage ‘G’ in males. The dental calcification stage ‘H’ correlated with CVM stages 5 and 6 which indicate the cessation of growth. Conclusion: The lower second molar tooth calcification stages are a valid measure of skeletal age and can be effectively utilized to estimate patient’s age in orthodontic practice. Keywords: Cervical vertebral maturation, Dental calcification, Mandibular 2nd molar, Skeletal maturity

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Upadhyay, Sumita, Sijan Paudyal, Prashant Khatiwada, Bibardha Khanal, and Rasna Shrestha. "Estimation of Dental Age by Demirjian and Willems Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39084.

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Introduction: Dental age estimation using orthopantomogram is very useful in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning and also has forensic application. Demirjian method is widely used for age estimation and Willems method has been suggested to be accurate than Demirjian in various populations. To estimate the dental age of children in a specific population of Nepal by Demirjian and Willems method, compare them with the chronological age and assess their applicability. Materials and Method: Digital orthopantomograms of 5 to 14 years of children were used to estimate the dental age by Demirjian’s 7- teeth method and Willems method. Descriptive statistics was used and mean with standard deviation was calculated for gender and age of the samples. Paired t-test was used for comparison of chronological age with dental age. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between chronological and dental age in both the genders. Result: By Demirjian method, there was an underestimation of 0.276 years in males and 0.194 in females and by Willems method, 0.652 in males and 0.847 in females which were statistically significant. There was an underestimation of dental age in all the age groups except in the age group of 5,7 and 14 for Demirjian age which was statistically nonsignificant. Pearson correlation demonstrated strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion: The underestimation of dental age was more by Willems method as compared to Demirjian method. There was a strong positive relationship between chronological age and dental age in both the genders. Demirjian’s 7- teeth method was more applicable as compared to Willems method when tested in selected Nepalese children population

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Sawas, Mohamed, Omar Alqasoumi, Laila Alesawi, Monirah Alaqeeli, Ali Naser, Mohammed Aldowian, Anbarah Alkhamjani, et al. "Anatomical Features and Pathologies in Orthopantomogram." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 10 (2022): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21009.

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One of the most commonly utilized plain film tomographic scans is the orthopantomogram. Dentists frequently request an OPG as a screening tool. Due to its accurate depiction of the jaws and entire dentition, it is also a powerful diagnostic instrument for determining pathology such as dental disease, cysts, maxillofacial trauma, and dental emergencies. For patients of pediatric age and adults, the examination of the masticatory normal anatomy during OPG differs. The adult tooth's radiographic anatomy, which is accessible by OPT, lacks the same level of granularity as the radiographic anatomy assessed by intraoral radiographs. Even though resolution is not as precise as intra-oral radiographs for the examination of the teeth, major alterations in the calcification of the tooth structure and alterations in the maxillary and mandibular ossifications can help identify dental disease, like caries (decay), periodontal bone resorption, abscessual lesions and cyst formation. The main anatomical characteristics of an OPG are described in this article, along with some typical pathologies that might be present. Unless a methodical technique is adopted to explore the structures present, the viewer may find the vast amount of data visible on an OPG to be overwhelming. As the mandibular plane and dentition are distorted due to straightening of the curve, the observer is presented with a broader view of these structures but requires them to be reinterpreted to enable the observer to fully appreciate the image in three dimensions.

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Phatak, Shrikant, Richa Agrawal, Sameer Nivsarkar, Abhik Sikdar, and Sanjeev Mishra. "Role of Orthopantomogram in Unexplained Earache." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 71, S2 (February 28, 2018): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-018-1271-1.

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Liaqat, Fatima, Areej Gakhar, Ziyab Wajid Siddiqui, Maria Jabbar, Saman Fatima, and Hira Butt. "Inter-Rater Reliability among Dentists for Assessment of Depth of Impacted Third Molars on Orthopantomograms." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023171388.

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Objective: To assess the inter-rater reliability of dentists regarding assessment of depth of impacted third molars on the Orthopantomograms Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore in which dentists from four different specialties namely; Oral Pathology, Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial surgery were included as raters. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 21 Orthopantomograms were assigned to each rater for assessing the angle of the impacted third molar. The classification for angle of impaction used was Winter`s classificati1. The raters were provided with the OPGs and a proforma for recording their observations. Results: The level of agreement regarding the depth of impacted third molars observed on the Orthopantomograms between rater 1 with rater 2 (κ=.692, p≤0.001) and rater 1 with rater 3 (κ=.639, p≤0.001) was very strong but was moderate with rater 4 (κ=.538, p=0.001). Conclusion: There was an excellent agreement regarding the depth of impacted third molars of rater 1 (Oral and maxillofacial surgeon) with rater 2 (oral pathologist) and rater 3 (Prosthodontist) but a moderate agreement with rater 4 (Endodontist). Keywords: Depth of impaction, Third molars, Inter-rater reliability, Orthopantomograms

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Tariq, Mahnoor, Muhammad Haseeb, Tehreem Khalid, Asma Shakoor, Hina Zafar Raja, Hira Butt, and Maria Jabbar. "Inter-Rater Reliability among Dentists for Assessment of Angle of Impacted Third Molars on Orthopantomograms." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610695.

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Objective: To find the inter-rater reliability of dentists from various specialties regarding the observation and interpretation of angle of impacted third molars on the OPG. Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore after obtaining ethical clearance from ethical committee of Sharif Medical Research Centre (SMRC) in which dentists from four different specialties namely; Oral Pathology, Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial surgery were included as raters. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 21 Orthopantomograms were assigned to each rater for assessing the angle of the impacted third molar. The classification for angle of impaction used was Winter`s classification Results: The level of agreement regarding the angle of impacted third molars observed on the Orthopantomograms between rater 1 and rater 2 was very strong (κ=0.791,p≤0.001) but was moderate between rater 2 and rater 3 (κ=0.438, p≤0.001) and rater 2 and rater 4 (κ=0.577, p≤0.001) . Conclusion: The level of agreement regarding the angle of impacted third molars observed on the Orthopantomograms between rater 1 (oral pathologist) was very strong with rater 2 (Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon) while that of rater 2 with rater 3 (endodontist) and rater 4 (Prosthodontist) was moderate. Keywords: Inter-rater reliability, Orthopantomograms (OPG), impacted third molars, mesioangular, distoangular, vertical, horizontal

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Macanovic, M., S. Gangidi, G. Porter, S. Brown, D. Courtney, and J. Porter. "Incidental bony pathology when reporting trauma orthopantomograms." Clinical Radiology 65, no. 10 (October 2010): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2010.06.004.

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Ray, Saugat, and Sanjeev Datana. "Discerning observations opening pandoras box in orthopantomograms." Journal of Dentistry Defence Section 16, no. 2 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jodd.jodd_15_22.

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ten Bruggenkate, C. M., L. W. J. van der Linden, and H. S. Oosterbeek. "Parallelism of implants visualised on the orthopantomogram." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 18, no. 4 (August 1989): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(89)80056-6.

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Singh, Sandeep, Darpan Bhargava, and Ashwini Deshpande. "Dental orthopantomogram biometrics system for human identification." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 20, no. 5 (July 2013): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.02.001.

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33

Lee, R. J., T. P. O'Dwyer, D. Sleeman, and M. Walsh. "Dental disease, acute sinusitis and the orthopantomogram." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 3 (March 1988): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100104578.

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SummaryThis study was undertaken to determine the incidence of unidagnosed apical disease in acute unilateral sinusitis and to evaluate the role of Orthopantomograms (OPGs).Our results, with an incidence of 10 per cent, are in agreement with the findings of Formby (1960) and we conclude that OPGs are not justified in the routine investigation of acute sinusities.

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34

Svejda, M., J. Freudenthaler, and H. P. Bantleon. "Ist eine genaue Bestimmung der Zahnachse am Orthopantomogramm möglich?" Informationen aus Orthodontie & Kieferorthopädie 42, no. 03 (September 2010): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1262530.

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Akter, Mahmuda, Quazi Billur Rahman, Md Wares Uddin, Gokul Chand Kundu, Samir Banik, and Ashik Abdullah Imon. "Pre-operative assessment of impacted mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar canal using orthopantomograhpy and cone beam computed tomography." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2016): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i4.30536.

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<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to assess the proximity and relation of impacted mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar canal on orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sixty impacted mandibular third molars having close proximity with the inferior alveolar canal were included. CBCT images were done to determine the exact location and relationship of impacted third molar tooth and inferior alveolar canal. We assessed the radiographic signs from orthopantomogram, the course of inferior alveolar canal and proximity to the third molar tooth in CBCT. The buccal course of inferior alveolar canal was most frequently detected (n=36) in CBCT findings. The impacted lower third molar roots were 55% contact with the inferior alveolar canal and 45% separate from the canal. On orthopantomogram, the following signs were strongly correlated with actual contact: Superimposed relationship between the third molar and the inferior alveolar canal. CBCT is useful as a presurgical planning in patients with impacted mandibular third molar showing close proximity to the inferior alveolar canal.</p>

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Nanwani, Poonam, and Sativan Khatri. "MALIGNANT LESIONS OF MANDIBLE ON ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM- OUR EXPERIENCE." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 24 (March 23, 2017): 1402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/273.

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Vyas, Raseshkumar Rasiklal, Himanshu Champaklal Soni, Adarsh Chhaganbhai Bhalodia, and Dolubha Jilubha Sisodiya. "MALIGNANT LESIONS OF MANDIBLE ON ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM- OUR EXPERIENCE." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 24 (March 23, 2017): 1407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/274.

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Vyas, Raseshkumar Rasiklal, Himanshu Champaklal Soni, Adarsh Chhaganbhai Bhalodia, and Dolubha Jilubha Sisodiya. "BENIGN LESIONS OF MANDIBLE ON ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM- OUR EXPERIENCE." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 25 (March 24, 2017): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/282.

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Ai-Ruhaimi, Khalid A., and Alagumba L. Nwoku. "An unusual radiopaque image through an orthopantomogram film." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 20, no. 2 (April 1991): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80716-7.

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Silvestrini-Biavati, Armando, Francesca Silvestrini-Biavati, Nicola Laffi, Carola Canevello, and Alessandro Ugolini. "Early diagnostic evaluation of mandibular symmetry using orthopantomogram." Indian Journal of Dental Research 25, no. 2 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.135909.

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Surendran, Krisna, Mark Cobb, and David Keith. "Quality of orthopantomogram reporting at Sunderland Royal Hospital." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 58, no. 10 (December 2020): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.10.053.

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Patil, Archana, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, and Srisha Basappa. "Cross sectional study estimating prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septum using orthopantomogram." Annals of Oral Health and Dental Research 2, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): A10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aohdr.1912.

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Kroll, Tobias, Shachi Jenny Sharma, Kathrin Ahrens, Philipp Streckbein, Jens Peter Klußmann, and Sebastian Böttger. "Das Orthopantomogramm in der Diagnostik von zervikalen Schwellungen, ein Fallbericht." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 97, no. 10 (May 2, 2018): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0601-6985.

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Ali, Syed Ahsan, Nasrullah Mengal, Zaid Ali, Jiand Malik Baloch, and Summya Waseem. "Morphological Variations of Sigmoid Notch Using Orthopantomogram among Patient Reporting at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta." Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 943–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169943.

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Objective: To assess the Morphological variations of sigmoid notch using orthopantomogram in adult patients Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Section, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from June 2020 to December 2020. Material and methods: All the adult patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in this research project after screening according to selection criteria.200 candidates were included and underwent Orthopantomogram for evaluation of morphological variations of sigmoid notch. Reports were assessed and morphological variations were noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. ver.20. Results: The mean age of candidates was 25.5 ± 5 years. There were 129 (64.5%) male candidates and 71 (35.5%) were female candidates. The males to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of 200 candidates, left side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates and right side was involved in 100 (50%) candidates. Out of 200 cases, wide sigmoid notch was observed in 115 (57.5%) candidates, sloping sigmoid notch was observed in 59 (29.5%) candidates and round sigmoid notch was observed in 26 (13.0%) candidates. Conclusion: In our study, we observed the most common sigmoid notch shape was observed to be wide type followed by sloping type. Keywords: Morphology, Variations, Sigmoid notch, Orthopantomogram, Orthodontics

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Smajilagić, Amer, and Faruk Dilberović. "Clinical and anatomical study of the human mental foramen." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4, no. 3 (August 20, 2004): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2004.3376.

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The great diffusion of the surgical techniques in jaws surgery and the progress of the radiological imagining procedures expressed many interest in clinical anatomy of the mental foramen (MF). The study goal was to determine the precise location of the MF and the surrounding anatomical landmarks. Measurements of the MF position relative to the surgical landmarks and related posterior teeth were made on 20 dry mandibles with complete dentition and intact alveolar bridge obtained from the Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University in Sarajevo. The measurements were made by anthropometric methods on the booth sides of the mandible, and compared with measurement made on the orthopantomogram radiographs of the same mandibles. The most common position of the MF was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar. In the vertical plane on the skulls the MF lays in the midpoint of the distance between the lower border of the mandible and the alveolar margin, however on the orthopantomogram MF appeared slightly bellow the midpoint. In the horizontal plane it lays approximately one third of the distance between the mandibular symphysis and the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible measurement from A-P projection and one quarter of that distance measurement from the profile projection. There were no significant differences between distances MF from posterior border of the ramus of the mandible measurement from A-P and profile projection and the one obtained on orthopantomogram and their ratio is constant value determine das 1,065. The MF was on average 25 mm lateral to the mandibular skeletal midline and symmetrical, and symmetry was preserved on the orthopantomogram. The measurement showed significant differences in distances of M from superior border mandible measurement on dry mandible and orthopantomogram radiographs while distance bellow the MF was not significantly different. The constant values of MF distance to the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible measured as 1,065 and the distance to the medial skeletal line of 2,11 made it possible to also determine average angle of 43 degrees stream of the cor-pus of the mandible behind MF. These values in combination with ratios of MF to the different anatomic landmarks designated as relative horizontal and relative vertical position, would be of importance not only from anatomical but also from practical point of view for estimation of alveolar bridge resorption and preoperative analysis in orthognat postresection or implant surgery in the mandible.

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Ali, Syed Ahsan, Nasrullah Mengal, Mehreen Butt, Jiand Malik Baloch, and Zaid Ali. "Evaluation of Condylar Morphology Using Orthopantomogram among Patient Reporting at Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168856.

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Objective: To assess the condylar morphology using orthopantomogram among adult patient. Study design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Section, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, from June 2020 to December 2020. Material and methods: All patients presented to orthodontic department who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in this study. One hundred and eighty candidates were included and underwent Orthopantomogram. Reports were assessed and condylar shape was noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Vs. 20. Results: The mean age of candidates was 25.5 ± 5 years. There were 90 (50%) males and 90 (50%) females. In left side, the condylar shape was oval in 101 (56.0%) while in right side, condylar shape was oval in 100 (55.6%) cases. In left side, the condylar shape was bird beak like in 32 (18.0%) while in right side, condylar shape was bird beak like in 33 (18.3%) cases. In left side, the condylar shape was diamond like in 26 (14.4%) while in right side, condylar shape was diamond like in 27 (15.0%) cases. In left side, the condylar shape was crooked finger like in 21 (11.7%) while in right side, condylar shape was crooked finger like in 20 (11.0%) cases. Conclusion: Thus in our population, the most common condylar shape was observed to be oval type followed by bird beak type. Keywords: Condylar morphology, Orthopantomogram, Orthodontics

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Ongkosuwito, E. M., M. M. J. Dieleman, A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman, P. G. H. Mulder, and J. W. van Neck. "Linear Mandibular Measurements: Comparison between Orthopantomograms and Lateral Cephalograms." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 2 (March 2009): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-123.1.

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Objective: To investigate the reliability of length measurements of the mandible by comparing orthopantomograms (OPTs) with lateral cephalograms. Design: Observational study. Setting: OPTs and lateral cephalograms were taken of 20 human dry skulls. Four orthodontists and four maxillofacial surgeons located landmarks on all radiographs using a computer program for cephalometric measurements. Intraobserver and interobserver variability in locating landmarks was assessed, as well as positioning of the skulls prior to radiography between the x-ray assistants. Magnification differences between the left and right side of the mandible on the OPT were determined for five skulls. Kappa statistics were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver and interobserver differences. An F test was used to assess differences between methods and between type of observer. Results: No significant differences were found in the magnification factor of the left and right side of the mandible. Compared with a lateral cephalogram, the OPT had comparable reliability in measuring mandibular distances condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton. No significant differences were observed between the x-ray assistants in taking the OPTs and lateral cephalograms or in repositioning the skulls. Significant differences were found between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons for landmark measurements. Conclusion: An OPT is as reliable as a lateral cephalogram for linear measurements of the mandible (condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton).

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M. Yu. Honcharuk-Khomyn and Ye. Ya. Kostenko. "Anthropometric calculations of proportional relationships based on digital orthopantomograms." Bukovinian Medical Herald 17, no. 3 (67) p.1 (August 2, 2013): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xvii.3.67.2013.126.

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The paper describes a method of identifying a person, using the complex anthropometric indices expressed in a proportional number taking into account an absolute and relative error experimentsally, that proved its efficiency in a nonmodified maxillodental apparatus, under conditions of changes of a large-scale. Relationships of orthopontomorgams and in case of a deliberate and physiologically stipulated change of the stomatological status.

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Friedlander. "Clinical significance of calcified carotid artery atheromas on orthopantomograms." Vasa 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000075.

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Tulensalo, Tuuli, Reijo Ranta, and Matti Kataja. "Reliability in estimating taurodontism of permanent molars from orthopantomograms." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 17, no. 5 (October 1989): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00629.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Orthopantomogramme'

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