Academic literature on the topic 'Orthogonal time of flight'

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Journal articles on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Dawson, J. H. J., and M. Guilhaus. "Orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3, no. 5 (May 1989): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290030511.

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Guilhaus, M., D. Selby, and V. Mlynski. "Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Mass Spectrometry Reviews 19, no. 2 (2000): 65–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(2000)19:2<65::aid-mas1>3.0.co;2-e.

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Bimurzaev, Seitkerim, Nakhypbek Aldiyarov, Yerkin Yerzhigitov, Akmaral Tlenshiyeva, and Ruslan Kassym. "Improving the resolution and sensitivity of an orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 5 (126) (December 28, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.290649.

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The theoretical possibilities of increasing the resolution and sensitivity of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection are considered. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of special configurations both in the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion objective and a transaxial mirror, respectively. It is shown that the use of an inhomogeneous cylindrical field of a special configuration as an ion accelerator opens up the possibility of a multiple reduction in the energy spread of ions in injected ion packets, associated with the so-called "turnaround time" and, therefore, a significant (two or more times) increase in the limiting resolution of the mass spectrometer. The use of a transaxial electrostatic mirror as a time-of-flight mass analyzer makes it possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the mass-spectrometer due to the implementation of triple space-time-of-flight focusing of ion packets. Key features include reduced ion energy spread, increased maximum resolution, and improved sensitivity due to triple focusing in space and time of flight. This research lays the foundation for expanding the capabilities of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, providing a more efficient and powerful tool for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of a special configuration in both the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion lens and a transaxial mirror, respectively. Numerical calculations of the system – a four-electrode cylindrical immersion lens in combination with a three-electrode transaxial mirror – are presented, which confirm the conclusions of the theory
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Belov, Mikhail E., Michael A. Buschbach, David C. Prior, Keqi Tang, and Richard D. Smith. "Multiplexed Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 6 (March 2007): 2451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0617316.

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Huang, Rongfu, Bochao Zhang, Dongxuan Zou, Wei Hang, Jian He, and Benli Huang. "Elemental Imaging via Laser Ionization Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 83, no. 3 (February 2011): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac1029693.

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Ibrahim, Yehia, Mikhail E. Belov, Aleksey V. Tolmachev, David C. Prior, and Richard D. Smith. "Ion Funnel Trap Interface for Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 20 (October 2007): 7845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac071091m.

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Dodonov, A. F., V. I. Kozlovski, I. V. Soulimenkov, V. V. Raznikov, A. V. Loboda, Zhou Zhen, T. Horwath, and H. Wollnik. "High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Orthogonal-Injection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 6, no. 6 (December 2000): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.378.

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Huang, Rongfu, Yiming Lin, Lingfeng Li, Wei Hang, Jian He, and Benli Huang. "Two-Dimensional Separation in Laser Ionization Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 82, no. 7 (April 2010): 3077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902981j.

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Clowers, Brian H., Mikhail E. Belov, David C. Prior, William F. Danielson, Yehia Ibrahim, and Richard D. Smith. "Pseudorandom Sequence Modifications for Ion Mobility Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 7 (April 2008): 2464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac7022712.

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Hashimoto, Yuichiro, Izumi Waki, Kiyomi Yoshinari, Tsukasa Shishika, and Yasushi Terui. "Orthogonal trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer using a collisional damping chamber." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 19, no. 2 (2005): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1781.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Papanastasiou, Dimitris. "Space velocity correlation in orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423073.

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Selby, David Sean School of Chemical Sciences UNSW. "Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry: development and characterization of a new instrument." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18784.

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The performance of a linear matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer (MALDI-oa-TOFMS) was improved with more reproducible sample preparation methods, a higher rate digitiser for integrating signals and customisable computer control, data acquisition and analysis in the LabVIEW?programming environment. This resulted in a ~20% improvement in resolution (up to 4,400) and enabled measurement of desorption velocities of 1,000 - 1,800 ms-1 for analytes with m/z 615 ?1,350 Da, with matrix ion velocities being 4,000 ?4,800 ms?. Detector limitations and restrictions on source axis energy (and hence velocity) required for the analysis of ions prevented detection of other species with this instrument. A 20 kV reflecting geometry MALDI-oa-TOFMS was constructed to overcome these limitations and extend the mass range. This mass spectrometer was able to analyse ions desorbed with a wide range of energies (32 ?197 eV). The resolution was found to be 8,000 -10,000. Best mass accuracy was 15-80 ppm (internal standards ). External calibration gave larger mass errors, mostly due to timing jitter, but the mass axis was stable for <2 weeks. Mass accuracy was independent of the analyte and matrix used. Ions with m/z of ~10,000 - 20,000 Da were observable with the use of a pulsed lens in the target region. This lens increased signal approximately 20 times, but degraded resolution. The detection limit of the instrument (sample consumed) was estimated to vary from 10 ?90 fmol, by extrapolation, with more moles required at higher m/z. The microsphere plate (MSP) electron multiplier used in the reflecting instrument was found to have a temporal response of >1 ns FWHM, but with a low secondary electron conversion efficiency, making it unsuitable for high m/z species. Experiments were also performed with a novel rectangular mesh grid, which (in correct orientation) provided similar resolution to conventional square mesh grids, but with significantly improved transmission and hence sensitivity.
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Williams, C. M. "Development of an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer : structural and quantitative applications in mass spectrometry." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636619.

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This thesis describes the development of a prototype orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, constructed at Swansea University (2002). This instrument incorporated design features to improve the duty-cycle of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer and was designed to conduct MS and MS/MS. Ion optical interfaces for full-beam transmission and collision-induced dissociation were developed. This work characterises the transport efficiency of the interfaces with a SCIEX electrosprayer. Ion transmission was dependent on the ion optical configuration, lens voltages, orifice sizes and stagnation pressure. Due to time limitations the full instrument was not completed and experimental work finalised on a commercial time-of-flight. A study of the ion structure of C4H4+ was carried out. A new method relying on consecutive reactions for controlling the internal energy of ions was used. Collision induced dissociation spectra of C4H4+ allowed the composition of the ion beam to be monitored and the vinylacetylene and methylenecylcopropene structures dominated. An observation was made for the fragmentation C4H4+ ® C3+., C3H1+, C3H2+ and C3H3+ for C4H4+. formed in the ion source, compared to C4H4+ formed in a field-free region. Their collision-induced dissociation mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (CID-MIKE) spectra were very different, which could not be accounted for in terms of structural and possibly internal energy differences. This is a highly reproducible effect requiring further study. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) was used on a ‘Voyager-DE STR’ to develop a survey technique analysis of nucleotides. The matrix α-cyano-4-hydroxyxinnamic acid matrix provided good sensitivity (<10pmol). MALDI as a quantitative tool was investigated. There are major challenges to overcome before MALDI can be reliably used for quantitation of nucleotides. An experimental survey of over 900 accurate mass measurements was made on 10 compounds and showed that accurate masses could be reliably obtained for 40% of adenosine monoshosphate samples but for quanosine di- and triphosphates this fell to near zero.
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Ruotolo, Brandon Thomas. "Development of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-ion mobility-orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a tool for proteomics." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2203.

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Separations coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) are widely used for large-scale protein identification in order to reduce the adverse effects of analyte ion suppression, increase the dynamic range, and as a deconvolution technique for complex datasets typical of cellular protein complements. In this work, matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization is coupled with ion mobility (IM) separation for the analysis of biological molecules. The utility of liquid-phase separations coupled to MS lies in the orthogonality of the two separation dimensions for all analytes. The data presented in this work illustrates that IM-MS relies on the correlation between separation dimensions for different classes (either structural or chemical) of analyte ions to obtain a useful separation. For example, for a series of peptide ions of increasing mass-to-charge (m/z) a plot drift time in the IM drift cell vs. m/z increases in a near-linear fashion, but DNA or lipids having similar m/z values will have very different IM drift time-m/z relationships, thus drift time vs. m/z can be used as a qualitative tool for compound class identification. In addition, IM-MS is applied to the analysis of large peptide datasets in order to determine the peak capacity of the method for bottom-up experiments in proteomics, and it is found that IM separation increases the peak capacity of an MS-only experiment by a factor of 5-10. The population density of the appearance area for peptides is further characterized in terms of the gas-phase structural propensities for tryptic peptide ions. It is found that a small percentage (~3%) of peptide sequences form extended (i.e., helical or β-sheet type) structures in the gas-phase, thus influencing the overall appearance area for peptide ions. Furthermore, the ability of IM-MS to screen for the presence of phosphopeptides is characterized, and it is found that post translationally modified peptides populate the bottom one-half to one-third of the total appearance area for peptide ions. In general, the data presented in this work indicates that IM-MS offers dynamic range and deconvolution capabilities comparable to liquid-phase separation techniques coupled to MS on a time scale (ms) that is fully compatible to current MS, including TOF-MS, technology.
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Paxton, Thanai. "Ultra-high sensitivity unambiguous sequencing on a novel geometry quadrupole orthogonal-acceleration time of flight mass spectrometer, the Q-TOF." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322004.

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Westberg, Michael. "Time of Flight Based Teat Detection." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19292.

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Time of flight is an imaging technique with uses depth information to capture 3D information in a scene. Recent developments in the technology have made ToF cameras more widely available and practical to work with. The cameras now enable real time 3D imaging and positioning in a compact unit, making the technology suitable for variety of object recognition tasks

An object recognition system for locating teats is at the center of the DeLaval VMS, which is a fully automated system for milking cows. By implementing ToF technology as part of the visual detection procedure, it would be possible to locate and track all four teat’s positions in real time and potentially provide an improvement compared with the current system.

The developed algorithm for teat detection is able to locate teat shaped objects in scenes and extract information of their position, width and orientation. These parameters are determined with an accuracy of millimeters. The algorithm also shows promising results when tested on real cows. Although detecting many false positives the algorithm was able to correctly detected 171 out of 232 visible teats in a test set of real cow images. This result is a satisfying proof of concept and shows the potential of ToF technology in the field of automated milking.

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Le, Sellier Francois 1974. "Discrete real-time flight plan optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50629.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-118).
Worldwide, the continuously growing air traffic induces a need for new ATM concepts to be defined. One possibility is using a more decentralized system predicated mainly around free routings (Free Flight), for a more flexible management of airspace. The present study first highlights the discrepancies and inefficiencies of the current best flightplan optimizing software that use the Cost Index concept before departure. It then investigates techniques to perform enhanced flight-plan optimizations en-route, with algorithms that are less complex than using the Cost Index. The long-haul flight leg that is considered through the simulations is London (UK) - Boston (MA, USA), flown on a constant flight level. This study shows that running another optimization at the Top of Climb point reduces the average delay at destination from 6.9 minutes to 5.0 minutes. Then, the more futuristic method of considering discrete flight-plan optimizations, while en-route using updated weather forecasts, provides results that are more interesting. If the weather forecasts and the optimizations are done simultaneously every 3-hour or 1.5-hour, the average delay respectively becomes 2.6 minutes or 2.0 minutes. The second part of this work investigates ways of performing a Linear Program to fly a route close to a 4D-trajectory. This study provides ways of determining the exact weight values for the different state variables used in the cost function to minimize.
by Francois Le Sellier.
S.M.
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Pettersson, Lucas. "Localization with Time-of-Flight cameras." Thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273788.

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Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are becoming an increasingly common sensor in smartphones. These sensors are able to produce depth measurements in a grid at a relatively high rate. Using these depth measurements, point-clouds representing the captured scene can be produced. Previous research has been conducted in using ToF or LIDAR images to localize the camera. In this paper, we investigate several methods to localize the camera using point-clouds and surface meshes. Small alterations were made to some of the algorithms but the concepts remain the same. The main algorithms consisted of ICP variants as well as a relatively recent method called Corrective Gradient Refinement (CGR). The results obtained from generated data indicate that some of the methods are applicable for real-time applications, and the position estimates are comparable to those found in previous results.
Time-of-flight (ToF)-kameror blir en allt vanligare sensor i mobiltelefoner. Dessa sensorer kan producera djupmätningar i ett rutnät med relativt hög frekvens. Med hjälp av dessa djupmätningar kan ett punktmoln som representerar den fångade scenen produceras. Tidigare forskning har gjorts med hjälp av ToF- eller LIDAR-bilder för att lokalisera kameran. Här undersöks flera metoder för att lokalisera kameran med hjälp av ett punktmoln och en triangulering av en modell. Algoritmerna bestod till största delen av ICP-varianter samt en relativt ny metod som heter Corrective Gradient Refinement (CGR). Resultaten som erhållits från genererade data indikerar att vissa av metoderna är lämplig för realtidsapplikationer och felet på positioneringen är jämförbart med dem som hittades i tidigare resultat.
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Tran, Le Chung. "Complex orthogonal space-time processing in wireless communications." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060726.133841/index.html.

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Bouziane, R. "Real-time optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transceivers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383794/.

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Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) is a potential candidate for 100 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and beyond due to its high spectral efficiency and strong resilience towards chromatic and polarization mode dispersion. In this thesis, investigations have been performed into the feasibility of O-OFDM in high speed optical fibre communications. First, an overview of OFDM fundamentals and optical fibre communications is given. Numerical simulations which were performed to characterise and optimise real-time OFDM transceivers are then presented. The effects of a variety of design parameters on the performance of the system are studied. Amongst the key parameters included in the study are the quantisation and clipping noise in data converters, and the quantisation errors in the fast Fourier transform and its inverse (FFT/IFFT). Optimum parameters that give the best trade-off between performance and cost in terms of bit precision are determined. It was found that these parameters depend on the modulation format as well as the size of the FFT used in the system. The thesis then presents the design of a multi-gigabit real-time O-OFDM transmitter based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation. The 21.4 GS/s real-time transmitter was built and used to transmit 8.36 Gb/s directly-detected single sideband QPSK-OFDM signals over 1600 km of uncompensated standard single mode fibre. This was one of the first demonstrations of real-time OFDM transmitters operating at such high line rates. It remains the longest transmission distance achieved with a real-time OFDM transmitter. The next step in confirming the feasibility of O-OFDM involves the design and assessment of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementations. In the final part of the thesis, digital signal processing (DSP) circuits for 21.8 Gb/s and 43.7 Gb/s QPSK- and 16-QAM-encoded O-OFDM transceivers with 50 data subcarriers were designed at the register-transfer-level, and synthesis and simulations were carried out to assess their performance, power consumption, and chip area. The aim of the study is to determine the suitability of OFDM technology for low-cost optical interconnects. Power calculations based on synthesis for a 65nm standard-cell library show that the DSP components of the transceiver consume 18.2 mW/Gb/s and 12.8 mW/Gb/s in the case of QPSK and 16-QAM respectively. The effects of modulation format and FFT size on the area and power consumption of the transceivers are also quantified. Finally, characterisation results showing the trade-offs between energy consumption and chip footprint are presented and analysed to help designers optimise the transceivers according the requirements and specifications.
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Books on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Liang, Guan Yong, and Tjhung Tjeng Thiang, eds. Quasi-orthogonal space-time block code. London: Distributed by World Scientific, 2007.

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Allāh, Imilī Naṣr. Flight against time. Charlottetown, P.E.I: Ragweed Press, 1987.

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Allāh, Imilī Naṣr. Flight against time. Charlottetown, P.E.I: Ragweed Press, 1987.

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Allāh, Imilī Naṣr. Flight against time. Austin, Tex: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1997.

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Le Tran, Chung, Tadeusz A. Wysocki, Alfred Mertins, and Jennifer Seberry. Complex Orthogonal Space-Time Processing in Wireless Communications. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29544-2.

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Tran, Le Chung. Complex orthogonal space-time processing in wireless communications. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Hansard, Miles, Seungkyu Lee, Ouk Choi, and Radu Horaud. Time-of-Flight Cameras. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4658-2.

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Kunstmuseum, Bergen, and Listasfn Reykjavikur, eds. Time: Suspend your flight. Bergen: Bergen Kunstmuseum, 2000.

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Kight, Pat. The flight of time. Corvallis, Or: printed by Cascade Printing, 1988.

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Cotter, Robert J., ed. Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0549.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Fjeldsted, John C. "Accurate Mass Measurements With Orthogonal Axis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." In Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, 1–15. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470429969.ch1.

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Krutchinsky, A. N., I. V. Chernushevich, A. V. Loboda, W. Ens, and K. G. Standing. "Measurements of Protein Structure and Noncovalent Interactions by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Orthogonal Ion Injection." In Mass Spectrometry in Biology & Medicine, 17–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-719-2_2.

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Tolimieri, Richard, and Myoung An. "Orthogonal projection theorem." In Time-Frequency Representations, 135–39. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4152-2_9.

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Dewilde, Patrick, and Alle-Jan van der Veen. "Orthogonal Embedding." In Time-Varying Systems and Computations, 337–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2817-0_12.

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Schwab, Manfred. "Time of Flight." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_5818-2.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Time of Flight." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1156. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1384.

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Gómez, Víctor. "Orthogonal Projection." In Multivariate Time Series With Linear State Space Structure, 1–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28599-3_1.

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Kim, Seong-Eun, and Dennis L. Parker. "Time-of-Flight Angiography." In Magnetic Resonance Angiography, 39–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1686-0_2.

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Bronger, Torsten. "Time-of-Flight Analysis." In Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells, 203–29. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527636280.ch9.

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Lechner, Ruep E. "Time-of-Flight Spectrometry." In Neutrons in Soft Matter, 203–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470933886.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Zollars, Michael D., and Richard G. Cobb. "Simplex Methods for Optimal Control of Unmanned Aircraft Flight Trajectories." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5031.

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The feasibility of using a constrained Delaunay triangulation method for determining optimal flight trajectories of unmanned air vehicles in a constrained environment is explored. Current methods for developing optimal flight trajectories have yet to achieve computational times that allow for real-time implementation. The proposed method alleviates the dependency of problem specific parameters while eliminating constraints on the Non-Linear Program. Given an input of obstacles with n vertices, a constrained Delaunay triangulation is performed on the space. Converting the vertices of the triangulation to barycentric coordinates on a phased approach defines the state bounds and max time for each phase. With two-dimensional aircraft dynamics, direct orthogonal collocation methods are performed to compute the optimal flight trajectory. Results illustrate computational times and feasibility of Small Unmanned Aircraft System flight trajectories through polygon constraints.
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van Paridon, Andrew, Marko Bacic, and Peter T. Ireland. "Kalman Filter Development for Real Time Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Disc Temperature Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56330.

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Extending disc life through online health monitoring has been a proven method of minimising engine downtime and maintenance costs. To properly monitor the disc requires a robust model of the disc’s non-linear thermal dynamics. A model can be improved by filtering the output using a measurement of the disc in real time. The damage models can then be computed with higher statistical confidence leading to increased safe life prediction. Recently, a model of disc temperature has been developed based on the proper orthogonal decomposition of simulated data. The model produced detailed thermal gradients for use in damage calculation and life assessment. This paper presents the development and implementation of a Kalman filter to augment that model. The location of the measurement has been assessed in order to select the most appropriate target for instrumentation. Points all around the front and back of the disc have been assessed, and the best practice result is found to be near the centre of the disc neck. Matching temperatures at this point represents a compromise between the fast dynamic response of the rim, with the slower response of the cob. The new model has been validated against an independent flight simulation that had previously been excluded from any training process. The addition of the Kalman filter allows the model to match aircraft dynamics outside the regular training trajectories. The accuracy is approximately ±30K, and there is a root-mean-square error of only 2K over the whole model at any one point in time.
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Prince, Jerry L. "Tomographic Imaging of Vector Fields." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.1995.rtua1.

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In the last decade or so several papers have introduced and developed the area of tomographic imaging of vector fields. Johnson et al. [1] began the investigation by studying the imaging of flow fields using acoustic time-of-flight measurements. In this measurement, the time of flight is influenced by the component of the field in the direction of propagation, and is not influenced by the orthogonal component. This type of measurement is called a longitudinal measurement. Norton [2] concluded that longitudinal measurements allow the reconstruction of the solenoidal (divergence-free) field component, but not the irrotational (curl-free) component. He suggested using boundary measurements to reconstruct the irrotational component. Braun and Hauck [3] then discovered that a new type of tomographic measurement called the transverse measurement (sensitive to the orthogonal component of flow) allows one to reconstruct the irrotational component without boundary measurements. Prince synthesized these discoveries and extended the results to three dimensions in [4]. New algorithms for reconstruction using convolution backprojection have also been proposed in [5].
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Raman, Deepa Anantha, Bruno Comesaña Cuervo, Viktória Jurcáková, Arnau Busom Vidal, Estelle Crouzet, Antoni Eritja Olivella, Juan Gracia García-Lisbon, et al. "A 3-axis stabilisation platform to improve experiment conditions in parabolic flights." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.132.

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There are different ways of providing free-fall conditions on Earth in order to test a component, perform an experiment or demonstrate equipment before it can be included in a space mission. One of these options is a parabolic flight: briefly, the aircraft flies on a parabolic trajectory with the on-board payload experiencing several seconds of weightlessness. These flights have been performed since the 1950s to simulate space conditions for experiments as well as astronaut training. The project objective is to develop a cubical platform to perform 3-axis attitude stabilisation for experiments during the microgravity phase of a parabolic flight. The goal is to stabilise the platform and thus reduce perturbations and vibrations that diminish the quality of the microgravity achieved. To do so the attitude control system, composed of three reaction wheels in orthogonal configuration, will counterbalance the disturbances measured by the attitude determination system, an inertial measurement unit. The platform will be tested using a small aircraft in a self-organised flight campaign. Comprising nine students, this project is currently in the preliminary design phase. However, the prototyping and testing of the platform structure has already been initiated using a small-scale design and several hardware components have been ordered. The platform will be printed using additive manufacturing due to the numerous benefits of this process. The component integration is expected to be completad in time in order to facilitate the laboratory testing of the various subsystems before the flight campaign in May 2022. After the flight campaign, the collected data will be analysed, processed and published to ensure that it is accessible to the scientific community.
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Lesoinne, Michel, and Charbel Farhat. "Re-Engineering of an Aeroelastic Code for Solving Eigen Problems in All Flight Regimes." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0171.

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Abstract We describe a new method for computing an arbitrary number of eigen solutions of a given aeroelastic problem. The proposed method is based on the re-engineering of a three-way coupled formulation previously developed for the solution in the time domain of nonlinear transient aeroelastic problems. It is applicable in subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow regimes, and independently from the frequency or damping level of the target aeroelastic modes. It is based on the computation of the complex eigen solution of a carefully linearized fluid/structure interaction problem, and relies on the inverse orthogonal iteration algorithm. We illustrate this method with the stability analysis of a flat panel with infinite aspect ratio in supersonic airstreams and the AGARD 445.6 aeroelastic wing. For these aeroelastic problems, we show that the results produced by the proposed eigen solution method are in excellent agreement with those predicted analytically and numerically as well as with experimental data.
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Hollberg, L., Steven Chu, John E. Bjorkholm, Alex Cable, and A. Ashkin. "Laser cooling and confining of atoms." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wv2.

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Using six optical beams (+ and − directions on three orthogonal axes) tuned slightly to the red of resonance it is possible to cool sodium atoms to a few hundred microkelvin. The cooling occurs because the laser radiation pressure creates a damping force which reduces the atomic velocities to a rms value of ~60 cm/s, determined by random scattering. In this optical molasses, the laser beams propagate in all directions and the light acts as a viscous photon fluid which damps the atomic velocity. The resulting motion of the sodium atoms is diffusive until the atoms reach the edge of the laser beams where they escape. The process of atomic confinement by optical molasses can be modeled as a random walk in a viscous medium with a boundary. For a spherical volume of 0.2 cm3 the resulting confinement time is ~0.1 s for half of the atoms to escape. Direct time-of-flight measurement of the atomic temperature gives ~240 μK, which agrees with predictions of quantum limited cooling by resonance radiation pressure. With confinement times of 0.1 s and temperatures of ~240 μK this method provides a source of atoms sufficiently slow for even the highest resolution optical spectroscopy, collision studies, or optical traps.
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MORELLI, EUGENE. "Nonlinear aerodynamic modeling using multivariate orthogonal functions." In Flight Simulation and Technologies. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3636.

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Pashilkar, A., and S. Pradeep. "Unsteady aerodynamic modelling using multivariate orthogonal polynomials." In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4014.

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Chavez, Octavio V., Sezsy Y. Yusuf, and Mohammad M. Lone. "Application of Multivariate Orthogonal Functions to Identify Aircraft Flutter Modes." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0695.

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Morelli, Eugene A. "Transfer Function Identification using Orthogonal Fourier Transform Modeling Functions." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4749.

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Reports on the topic "Orthogonal time of flight"

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Copley, John R. D. Neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6205.

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Dietrick, Robert A. Hypersonic Flight: Time To Go Operational. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1018856.

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Zare, Richard N., Matthew D. Robbins, Griffin K. Barbula, and Richard Perry. Hadamard Transform Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564594.

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Chiang, I.-Hung, Adam Rusek, and M. Sivertz. Time of Flight of NSRL Beams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1775544.

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Watson, Thomas B. Proton Transfer Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1251396.

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Zare, Richard N., Matthew D. Robbins, Griffin K. Barbula, and Richard Perry. Hadamard Transform Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589689.

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Kponou, A., A. Hershcovitch, D. McCafferty, and F. Usack. A TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETER FOR SuperEBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151297.

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Yip, K. Polarization with various Time-of-Flight cuts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157488.

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H. FUNSTEN. IMAGING TIME-OF-FLIGHT ION MASS SPECTROGRAPH. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768176.

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Candy, James, and Karl Fisher. Time-of-Flight Estimation for Nondestructive Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762882.

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