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Okumu, Christopher. "The social ecology of Malawi orphans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ43001.pdf.
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Floyd, William David. "Orphans of British fiction, 1880-1911." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3601.
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Orphans of British Fiction, 1880-1911 Abstract William David Floyd Orphans of British Fiction, 1880-1911 focuses on the depiction of orphans in genre fiction of the Victorian fin-de-siecle. The overwhelming majority of criticism focusing on orphans centers particularly on the form as an early- to middle-century convention, primarily found in realist and domestic works; in effect, the non-traditional, aberrant, at times Gothic orphan of the fin-de-siecle has been largely overlooked, if not denied outright. This oversight has given rise to the need for a study of this potent cultural figure as it pertains to preoccupations characteristic of the turn of the century. The term “orphan” may typically elicit images of the Dickensian type, such as Oliver Twist, the homeless waif with no family or fortune with which he or she may discern identity and totality of self. The earlier-century portrayals of orphanhood that produced this stereotype dealt almost exclusively with issues arising from industrialization, such as class affiliation, economic disparity and social reform and were often informed by the cult of the ideal Victorian family. Beginning with an overview of orphanhood as presented in earlier fiction of the long nineteenth century, including its metaphorical import and the conventions associated with it, Orphans of British Literature, 1880-1911 goes on to examine the notable variance in literary orphans in genre fiction at the turn of the century. Indicators of the zeitgeist of modernism’s advent, turn-of-the-century orphans functioned as registers of burgeoning cultural anxieties particular to the fin-de-siecle, such as sexual ambiguity, moral and physical degeneration and concerns about the imperial enterprise. Furthermore, toward the century’s end, the notion of the ideal family fell under suspicion and was even criticized as limiting and oppressive rather than reliable and inclusive, casting into doubt the institution to which the orphan historically aspired and through which the orphan state was typically rectified. As a result, in contrast to the sentimental street urchin of early and middle century fiction, fin-de-siecle orphans are often unsettling, irresolute, even monstrous and violent figures.
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Mamaila, Tshifhiwa. "Community-based care for HIV/AIDS orphans." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-092356.
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Swartz, Katherine Lively. "Achievement Of Developmental Milestones Among Salvadorian Orphans." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26227.
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El Salvador has a large population of children living in orphanages where, as predictions from previous research indicate, many will not meet developmental milestones that could be remediated with research and development.
The purpose of this study was to determine milestone achievement and environmental impact among Salvadorian orphans at selected sites, in order to make recommendations for appropriate training materials to allow for the mentoring of caregivers to advance milestone achievement among the orphans.
The five objectives addressed in the research are in context of two investigator selected orphanages in El Salvador:
1. Determine the current level of development of orphans using the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test.
2. Determine characteristics of caregivers who have frequent interactions with the orphans.
3. Determine areas of strength and deficiency among the orphans with respect to Personal-Social, Adaptive, Motor, Communications, and Cognition.
4. Determine the level of association between selected characteristics of orphans with developmental milestone achievement.
5. Develop a model caregiver-training program for implementation at the two selected orphanages based on investigator-derived characteristics and related findings.
Screening Tool strengths and deficiencies were identified among the orphans with respect to Personal-Social, Adaptive, Motor, Communications, and Cognition. The Batelle Developmental Inventory Screening Tool in Spanish was completed on 34 qualifying children at Hogar Immaculado Corazon de Maria orphanage and an additional ten screening tools were completed on qualifying children at Casa de Mi Padre. Statistical analyses determined the level of association between selected characteristics of orphans with developmental milestone achievement. Using findings from this initial phase, a model caregiver-training program was developed and implemented at the two selected orphanages based on investigator-derived characteristics and related findings. Conclusions from the study and recommendations were developed from the findings.
The level of achievement of developmental milestones among the selected orphans was below the expected level for their chronological age. The caregivers employed by the two orphanages were a diverse group of individuals from a variety of backgrounds. The majority of them described themselves as not having formal education in child development. The strong interest they demonstrated during the training program indicated an eagerness and willingness to learn. The areas of greatest deficiency were communication and cognitive scores. The areas of relative strength were Adaptive and Motor skills.
There were few statistically significant relationships between the selected independent variables and the scores on the screening tool with the exception of association between motor scores and both the child?s nutritional status and the number of months they have spent in the orphanage. Months spent in the orphanage also show some evidence of association with communication scores, but not statistically significant. The model intervention program was successfully implemented and should be part of an on-going training program. Future research should replicate this study in similar setting and provide additional probes with a larger sample to substantiate these finding and more in depth understanding for enhancement of both theory and practice.Ph. D.
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Townsend, Loraine. "Decisions to care for HIV/AIDS orphans." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8769.
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Bibliography: leaves 151-161.There is substantial evidence to indicate that South Africa is facing the prospect of a large number of children, now and in the future, who will be orphaned as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In all likelihood, these children would have experienced psychological trauma through the illness and death of people close to them, and the social isolation that accompanies HIV-infection and AIDS-related illness and death. The ideal would be for as many of these children as possible to experience some type of family life in which to grow and mature into responsible adults. The aim of the present study was to explore a range of factors that might influence prospective carers' decisions to care for children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. These include features of prospective carers; features of the orphaned child; and forms of assistance that may be required. By means of a postal survey, the present study explored existing adoptive and foster parents' (N=17S) willingness to care for an HIV/AIDS orphan. Results show that close to 69% of respondents indicated a willingness to care for an HIV/AIDS orphan. Although some differences were noted depending on the HIV status of the child and whether the respondent was an adoptive or foster parent, on the whole they also indicated a preferred willingness to care for an HIV-negative female child, up to the age of 6 years old, of the same culture and from the same family as themselves, and without surviving relatives or siblings. Free medical care and schooling for the child were the suggested forms of assistance required. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), explored in the present study, did predict intentions to care for either an HIV-negative or HIV-positive orphan. However, certain components of the models did not have good predictive ability calling into question the usefulness of the model as a means to explain and predict intention to care for an HIV/AIDS orphan. Implications of the study provide recommendations for persons involved with children orphaned by HIV/AIDS.
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Benner, Kalea Kelly Michael Joseph. "Legalized orphans parental relinquishment to child welfare /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7014.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Michael J. Kelly. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hutchinson, Eleanor. "Private loss, public gain : orphans in Malawi." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445663/.
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In the twentieth century, concern with child welfare resulted in one of the fastest growing social movements in the West. From the establishment of the Save the Children Fund in the UK at the close of the First World War, to the setting up of United Nations Children's Fund following the Second, to the near universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, the child welfare movement has been marked by a concern with children internationally. In the last seventeen years, since the ratification of the convention, interest in the welfare of children in the developing world has grown dramatically. Children's welfare appeared in the 1997 UK Government white paper on international development, the World Bank suggested that child welfare was a useful development indicator, and large numbers of non-governmental-organisations were established (Boyden 1990). In Southern Africa, as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the close of the twentieth century saw increasing numbers of orphans appearing. As international concern regarding the social impacts of HIV/AIDS has risen, these orphans have become an issue of particular concern (Aspaas 1997). As a result of both the increasing interest in children's lives in general and the concern with orphans in particular, there are now a number of organisations specialising in orphan care (World Bank 2004, US Peace Corps 2004). These projects constitute a new social arena within which children live at least part of their daily lives. This thesis is an exploration of the social significance of four orphan-care projects functioning in Malawi. The analysis is made by looking at the identity of orphan as a social construct that has various uses, meanings and symbols attached to it and as a set of experiences that occur to children who have lost, through death, one or both of their parents.
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Zabeko, Ntsikelelo Lucy. "Pastoral approach to caring for HIV orphans." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56964.
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The researcher is dealing intensively with the concept of care to the orphaned so that they may stop using their bodies to earn extra money in order to care for their siblings. The researcher has to put a special emphasis on two Methodist Church mission pillars, namely justice and education, to investigate the critical application of care for the orphans. The researcher furthermore sets out to establish the important role and contribution of the pastoral approach in the total or holistic wellbeing of orphaned children as it has been observed that the number of orphans in the Vukuzakhe community is escalating in an alarming way.
The researcher has attempted to develop a discourse in dealing with the pain or grief the orphans and their families have concerning the Pastoral support offered to the ill, while hospitalized, and the subsequent after care services following death. The other intention of the research is to give a clinically based theological model of doing pastoral counseling and therapy within the orphaned environment. That is to deal with this study on a theological and psychological basis to give clinical pastoral care to the vulnerable orphans.
It is felt the qualitative approach used will allow participants to relate to their processes and, together with the researcher, re-construct their realities. The methodology, therefore, provide participants with the space in which to explore the socially constructed meanings applied to the encountered experiences of being orphaned.
The researcher?s aim is to empower the church to care for the orphans, and to arrive at a holistic understanding of all the steps and procedures involved in dealing with the orphaned. The researcher has also further engages Pollard?s work which opens a new way of positive deconstruction. This method allows me to reconstruct the lives of orphans as care givers so that the researcher creates a new way of caring for orphans.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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Practical Theology
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Pocock, John Willmer. "Creating a strategic justice ministry in the local church that will enable the church to care for orphans in (Benoni) South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09252009-015255/.
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Redford, Sofia. "Framing the issues of orphans and vulnerable children /." Connect to online version, 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2008/255.pdf.
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De, Jager Este. "Foster care of AIDS orphans : social workers' perspectives." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6500.
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Thesis (M Social Work (Social Work))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to shed some light on the needs of children orphaned by AIDS as well as on the training and support that their foster parents will need, in order to provide guidelines for equipping foster parents to care for AIDS orphans. The motivation for this study was the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in the South Africa and the one million South African AIDS orphans left in its wake. Most of these children end up in substitute homes, and many of them in foster care. Researchers agree that AIDS orphans have special needs because of the circumstances surrounding their parents’ death. Foster parents will therefore need to be prepared to meet these needs. It is an internationally documented fact that foster parents have a need for training and support to meet the demands of foster care, and having an AIDS orphan as a foster child will increase, and focus this need. The study was also motivated by the current shortages and challenges in the foster care system in South Africa which makes it difficult for social workers to effectively train and support foster parents, and aims to contribute towards overcoming some of these problems so that foster parents can be properly prepared to see to the well-being of the AIDS orphans in their care. The research was done based on a literature study, which firstly made use of the Ecological Systems Perspective to explore the effects of parental death by AIDS on their children. Subsequently an overview of foster care within the South African context is given, with emphasis on foster care in general, foster care within the challenging South African context and foster care of AIDS orphans. The last part of the literature review discusses foster parent cell groups as a means of training and supporting the foster parents of AIDS orphans for the parenting process. The empirical investigation of the study investigated to what extent, and in what ways, social workers are training and supporting foster parents to care for AIDS orphans. This investigation confirmed some of the findings of the literature study, namely that AIDS orphans have needs that differ from those of other foster children and that social workers are too overburdened to be able to give the foster parents of these orphans the needed training and support. In light of the findings derived from the literature study and empirical research, conclusions and recommendations are made concerning the phenomena under investigation. The recommendations focus on guidelines that can be used by social workers to train and support the foster parents of AIDS orphans. The recommendations centre on the utilisation of resource-friendly methods to train and support foster parents; bringing structure into the foster care process and on social workers having to use research for guidance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om lig te werp op die behoeftes van kinders wat deur VIGS wees gelaat is, sowel as op die opleiding en ondersteuning wat hul pleegouers nodig het, ten einde riglyne te verskaf vir die toerus van pleegouers om na VIGS-weeskinders om te sien. Die studie is gemotiveer deur die vinnige verspreiding van MIV/VIGS in Suid- Afrika en die een miljoen VIGS-weeskinders wat agtergelaat is. Die meeste van hierdie kinders word in plaasvervangende huise ingeneem, waarvan baie pleegsorgplasings is. Navorsers stem saam dat VIGS-weeskinders spesiale behoeftes het as gevolg van die omstandighede wat met hul ouers se dood gepaard gaan. Pleegouers sal dus voorberei moet word om in hierdie behoeftes te voorsien. Internasionale studies bewys dat pleegouers self ‘n behoefte aan opleiding en ondersteuning het om aan die vereistes van pleegsorg te voldoen. Hierdie behoefte verdiep en word meer gefokus vir ‘n pleegouer wat ‘n VIGS-weeskind in pleegsorg neem. Die studie is ook gemotiveer deur die huidige tekortkominge en uitdagings inherent aan die pleegsorgstelsel in Suid-Afrika wat dit vir maatskaplike werkers moeilik maak om pleegouers genoegsaam op te lei en te ondersteun. Die studie het dus ten doel gehad om ‘n bydrae te lewer tot die oorkoming van sommige van hierdie probleme sodat pleegouers voorbereid kan wees om na die welsyn van hierdie weeskinders in hulle sorg om te sien. Die navorsing is gebaseer op ‘n verreikende literatuurstudie. Die literatuurstudie het eerstens gefokus op die gebruik van die Ekologiese Sisteemperspektief om die effek van ouers se afsterwe weens MIV/VIGS op kinders te ondersoek. Daarna is ‘n oorsig gegee van pleegsorg binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Klem is geplaas op pleegsorg in die algemeen, pleegsorg binne die uitdagende Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, en pleegsorg spesifiek met VIGS-weeskinders. Die laaste deel van die literatuuroorsig bespreek die moontlikheid om pleegouer-selgroepe te benut om pleegouers die nodige opleiding en ondersteuning te gee vir die proses van ouerskap. Die empiriese studie ondersoek ook in watter mate en op watter manier, maatskaplike werkers besig is om die pleegouers van VIGS-weeskinders op te lei en te ondersteun. Hierdie ondersoek bevestig sommige van die bevindinge van die literatuurstudie; spesifiek dat VIGS-weeskinders unieke behoeftes het en dat maatskaplike werkers te oorlaai is om die pleegouers van hierdie weeskinders die nodige opleiding en ondersteuning te bied. In die lig van die bevindinge van die literatuurstudie en empiriese navorsing is gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak. Die aanbevelings het primêr gepoog om riglyne te verskaf wat deur maatskaplike werkers gebruik kan word om pleegouers op te lei en te ondersteun. Die aanbevelings het gesentreer rondom die gebruik van hulpbronvriendelike maniere om pleegouers op te lei en te ondersteun; die strukturering van die pleegsorgproses en die noodsaaklikheid vir maatskaplike werkers om daadwerklik van navorsing gebruik te maak vir leiding.
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Mutepfa, Magen Luce Musanetseke. "Resilience of grandparent carers fostering orphans in Zimbabwe." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13753.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, grandparents are primary providers of care to orphaned children from HIV. This study sought to explore resilience profiles of grandparents fostering orphans and the impact of resources on the grandparents’ health and well-being. Participants were 327 grandparents looking after their grandchildren (mean age=62.4; s.d=11.2). Data were collected from grandparents residing in rural areas, urban low and high density suburbs of Zimbabwe. Mixed methods approaches (quantitative and qualitative) were used to gather data and systematic sampling was used to select grandparents’ carers. Data were analysed using hierarchical regression and thematic analysis. Nvivo 10 was used to classify qualitative data into themes. Hierarchical regression controlling for age, education, marital status, income earned, residential area, and whether child fostered was orphan or non-orphan was used to identify protective factors associated with resilience, health and wellbeing to establish grandparents’ ability to cope with caregiving. Preliminary findings suggest that grandparents’ resilience profiles differ by social class, age, social assets, environmental and personal assets. Protective factors were found to play a vital role in resilience, health and wellbeing (a strength based perspective), hence caregiving. The resilience scores, health scores and low wellbeing scores highlight the need for assistance to grandparents to enable them to cope adequately with carer roles. Policy makers should formulate viable policies that address elderly caregivers’ challenges and stakeholders should implement appropriate intervention.
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DI, LELLO ANGELA MARIE ELIZABETH AUGUSTINE. "ORPHANS IN CRISIS: THE DISABILITY PROBLEM IN RUSSIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190419.
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Parker, Carol A. "The lived experience of HIV-positive Tanzanian orphans." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/699.
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The purpose of this investigation was to generate a context- specific model of the lived experience of HIV positive Tanzanian orphans. With the advent of anti-retroviral drugs, Sub-Saharan African populations with high burdens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) face annually accumulating increases in the number of HIV positive children, and ultimately adults. Perinatally infected, these children often become orphans while still young. Extended interviews were performed with a purposive sample of 12 HIV infected orphaned children between 9 and 12 years of age. Half of the research participants lived in an orphanage and half were children living with guardians in villages near Arusha, Tanzania. A phenomenological approach to data analysis was employed with the guidance of literature-based constructs of intrinsic traits and developed tools used by children to meet challenging life circumstances. Data demonstrated that disclosure of HIV and orphan status engendered widespread social consequence. The phenomenon also negatively affected the children's physical, material, and emotional quality of life. Even in the face of these challenges, participants demonstrated resilient and self-reliant coping mechanisms. Responses ranging from caretaker education to stigma reduction in the schools will help to meet the needs of these children. In addition, the information generated by this research will be a basis for beginning to examine the social change responses that will be necessary for Tanzanians in the healthcare, social service, and policymaking arenas to successfully integrate this new population group into all levels of society.
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Frood, Sharron. "The experience of AIDS orphans living in a township." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/505.
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One of the challenges facing health care professionals today is the phenomenon of rendering care to children who have been orphaned in the AIDS pandemic. The number of AIDS orphans in South Africa has risen out of all proportion and is causing existing health and social structures to become stretched in providing care to this vulnerable population of children. The objectives of this study are to explore and to describe the lived experience of children living in a township who have become AIDS orphans and to develop broad guidelines for Primary Health Care Nurses (PHCN’s), related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. The theoretical grounding of this study is found in Kotze’s Theory on Nursing Accompaniment (Kotzé, 1998:3). The proposed research design was based upon a qualitative study using an explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological strategy of inquiry. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews from a purposively selected sample and then analysed using the steps of qualitative data analysis proposed by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994). Guba’s model was used to assess the trustworthiness of the qualitative data. Based upon the findings, guidelines were developed to assist PHCN’s related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. Through this study the goal of the researcher was to give a voice to AIDS orphans living in a township and to represent accurately their lived experience.
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Wood, Enid. "The phenomenon of resilience in aids orphans / Enid Wood." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2466.
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Aubourg, Diana 1975. "Expanding the first line of defense : AIDS, orphans and community-centered orphan-care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa : cases from Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63222.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).
This thesis is about expanding the "first line of defense" for children and families affected by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The overwhelming consensus among actors leading the fight against AIDS, ranging from USAID and UNICEF to local NGOs, is that extended families and communities are the "first line of defense" and will absorb the millions of children orphaned by AIDS. With this basic premise, the thinking follows that 1) families are almost always the best place for the child; 2) primary interventions should be centered on building the capacities of families to care for orphans and; 3) residential orphan care is the least desirable option for children because "orphan care institutions" are inherently "anti-community". I challenge this prevailing wisdom. I argue that this donor-driven approach, loosely termed "community based orphan care", is limited by, among other things, AIDS induced pressures on families and growing numbers of children disconnected from families (e.g. street children). Additionally, the approach imposes a false dichotomy between "the community" and "orphan care institutions". Drawing from case studies of three residential institutions caring for orphans and street children in Zambia, I deconstruct the common perceptions of orphan-care institutions. In particular, I challenge the characterization that they are isolated and disconnected from communities. My findings reveal a more complicated picture in which a subset of orphan care institutions share objectives and practices with the prevailing donor model of community-based orphan care - such as mobilizing local volunteers to care for orphans. I describe this neglected subset as "community-centered orphan care institutions" and explore the various ways in which they are embedded in and support communities. I assert that as the AIDS epidemic expands and the orphan crisis worsens, community-centered orphan care institutions must serve as key actors in expanding the first line of defense.
by Diana Aubourg.
M.C.P.
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Jaca, Thozama Torrico. "An investigation into the emotional experiences of orphaned children." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1443.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013The study focused on the emotional experiences of orphaned children. Attention was given to the long term emotional cost of children who might grow up lacking the attachment figures’ love and guidance. Previously, concern was for material and educational needs of orphaned children. Now there is a need to couple this concern with an awareness of their psychological needs. Children whose parents are deceased often experience a number of negative changes in their lives and are often likely to start suffering from factors such as emotional neglect and rejection from their extended family members. Qualitative research design was employed in this study. Convenience sampling method was used to recruit eight orphans. Data was collected via semi- structured interviews and thematic analysis was used. It was found that children who were orphaned experience different kinds of emotions challenges such as: sadness, anxiety, feelings of rejection and abandonment. The study’ findings recommended that when placing children after the passing away of a parent or parents, they should be placed with caregivers who are still capable of taking care of the orphan’s diverse needs. It was also found, that although orphaned children were still young, consulting them about decisions or issues that affect their lives, lessens the anxiety and the feeling of being hopeless.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
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Nicola, Eric Thomas. "Has universal primary education improved school enrollment of AIDS orphans?" Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646048288/viewonline.
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Brug, Mienke van der. "World and experiences of AIDS orphans in north central Namibia." Leiden : Leiden : African Studies Centre ; University Library Leiden [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/12901.
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Matthews, Robert C. "The littlest immigrants: the immigration and adoption of foreign orphans." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64992.
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This dissertation examines a unique class of immigrants: foreign orphans adopted by American families. Those children accounted for 18,000 adoptions in 1984 and 1985, or 20 percent of non-relative adoptions in the United States. This rapidly increasing class of immigrants is subject to Federal regulation of immigration and to State regulation of adoption. Visa petitions for foreign orphans, filed by adopting American citizens, are the only immigration petitions for permanent residence that are subject to a State veto. Regulation of intercountry adoption in the United States exposes adopting citizen parents to significant variations in requirements, costs, time, etc., and even in the ultimate issue of Federal approval of their immigration petition - all based on the State in which they reside.
This dissertation will make a case for changing the U.S. Code to eliminate the interjurisdictional confusion in which 50 systems of orphan immigration take the place of a unitary Federal system of immigration. The dissertation uses Supreme Court opinions with a more traditional policy analysis to show that the current system conflicts with fundamental constitutional values of individual rights and federalism. Conversely, the advocated change is shown to be on solid constitutional ground. The dissertation does not argue that the current system is "unconstitutional," but that the system fosters inequity and interjurisdictional confusion which Congress can and should correct.
The dissertation examines the immigration and adoption elements involved, provides new data on American and intercountry adoption, and reviews American and foreign procedures. This establishes that intercountry adoption is a major alternative in American family building, that the system is safe, the children are healthy and that the system is closely regulated by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, the State Department, and, in foreign countries, by national ministries, juvenile courts and other institutions. Problems often associated with intercountry adoption are shown to be based on misinformation and a lack of familiarity with the extent of Federal and foreign regulation.
Conversely, the State role is shown to be duplicative and based on less than compelling constitutional grounds. The dissertation challenges the notion that State jurisdiction over family relations justifies a State role in intercountry adoption and shows that some State policies on foreign adoption are based on unrealistic assumptions about States' administrative and technical capacities. Similarly, the dissertation shows that mandating a role for American adoption agencies in intercountry adoption (as some States now require) is inappropriate, and that a pre-emptive State role does not add constructively to the regulatory system. The State role adds to delays and costs incurred by citizens, with no additional public benefit.Ph. D.
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Casebolt, Megan Tara. "The Vatsalya Udayan: A system of care for Indian orphans." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1306372717.
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Navarrete, Ignacio Enrique. "Orphans of Petrarch : poetry and theory in the Spanish Renaissance /." Berkeley (Calif.) : University of California press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35710780w.
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Dhlamini, Mookho Emily. "Guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme for HIV and AIDS orphans in the Fezile Dabi region / Mookho Emily Dhlamini." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10277.
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In the absence of support programmes for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region this research set out to design guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme to support HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The literature review revealed that HIV and Aids orphans experience a wide range of support needs. Their psychosocial needs impair normal development due to unhappiness, stress, stigma, discrimination and a lack of care, love and support. In addition to this, emotional needs, which emanate from a lack of security and safety manifest in sadness, disruptive behaviour, poor relationships, poor self-image and isolation. Socio-economic needs expose them to poverty and being vulnerable to child labour with little reward, and deprive them of opportunities to obtain a proper education. All the above-mentioned problems lead to educational needs that manifest in poor school attendance, poor concentration, learning breakdown and dropping out of school. In addition to this, physical needs that stem from malnutrition caused by poverty and a low standard of living have an impact on the physical growth and health of the HIV and Aids orphans. In order to find out whether the abovementioned discussion holds true for HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region, qualitative, phenomenological research by means of structured individual interviews was conducted with a convenient and purposive sample of 43 Black HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region. The focus of the interviews was to gain a better understanding of the support needs that these learners experience due to HIV and Aids, and to explore how they are supported in dealing with these needs. The empirical research revealed that the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region who took part in my study experience psychosocial, emotional, socio-economic, educational and physical needs. Many of the needs, in the absence of strong community-based support in the region, are not supported adequately. Despite the identified needs, the data revealed strong tenets of resilience among the participants who took part in the study. In contrast to the literature, the findings of my study revealed that a number of the HIV and Aids orphans in the Fezile Dabi Region apparently manage to establish good social relationships that help them cope with their problems. Furthermore, they aspire to obtain a good quality education and have ambitions and goals in terms of their future careers that they would like to achieve. Based on the literature review and the interview data, guidelines towards an ecosystemic support programme for the HIV and Aids orphaned learners in the Fezile Dabi Region were designed.PhD, Learner support, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Maama, Lineo Bernadette. "Factors affecting AIDS orphans' from accessing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1046.
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The study seeks to explore and identify factors that prevent AIDS orphans in presenting themselves for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Socio-cultural factors, notably, stigma and the resultant discrimination by community members, have been presented by many researchers as the main aetiological factors that hinder the use of VCT by AIDS orphans. It is on the basis of this that this study was conducted to identify factors that hinder AIDS orphans from accessing VCT. The study used a qualitative approach following an explorative and descriptive, contextual research design and was conducted at Ubuntu Education Fund, Port Elizabeth. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of AIDS orphans. Participants of the study had to be orphaned as a result of AIDS, isiXhosa-speaking, between 12-17 years, living in the care of a primary care-giver and had not presented themselves for VCT. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are suitable in cases where the researcher is interested in an issue that is complex or personal (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Deloport, 2005). Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (1990) as described in Creswell (2003). The major findings of this study were that people are locked in a ‘poverty-of-the mind cycle’, in respect of HIV and AIDS, and this is exacerbated by educational impoverishment and general poverty. The recommendations that emanated from this study are made from policy and service delivery perspectives. It is recommended that in order for AIDS orphans to access VCT they should be developed and empowered through sustainable programmes that enhance their capacities to the outmost realization of their potential. It is also recommended that health and other professionals should encourage AIDS orphans and community members to present themselves for VCT and thus curb the spread of HIV and AIDS.
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Capellato, Júnior Edson Luiz [UNESP]. "Infância e memória em When We Were Orphans, de Kazuo Ishiguro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91544.
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Este trabalho analisa o romance When We Were Orphans, de produção do escritor Kazuo Ishiguro, focando o emprego da memória no texto literário, como forma de examinar as estratégias empregadas pelo escritor. A principal preocupação estética do autor britânico volta-se para a maneira como seus personagens lêem e interpretam suas histórias de vida e para como eles percebem as forças que conduzem seus destinos e como reescrevem tais detalhes. A estratégia narrativa adotada é a do emprego da memória marcando a percepção a posteriori que caracteriza o relato. O estudo, portanto, aponta a técnica narrativa ligada aos processos psíquicos constituintes da memória, e auxilia na exposição do sofrimento humano, na crítica sutil ao imperialismo e colonialismo do século XX, tema e motivo de seus romances. Dessa forma, o autor enfatiza as técnicas que as pessoas usam para encobrir e às vezes até para suprimir suas emoções e, em particular, a maneira pela qual tais emoções são estimuladas pela memória. O trabalho terá como suporte teórico os estudos freudianos sobre a memória, o estranho e as experiências ocorridas na infância, particularmente considerando a atuação do narrador, o personagem Christopher Banks, como foco central.
This study analyses the novel When We Were Orphans, as part of the writer Kazuo Ishiguro’s production, focusing the application of the memory in the literary text, as a form of examining the strategies used by the author. The British author’s main aesthetical concern is turned to how his characters read and interpret their life story, and to how they apprehend the forces which lead their destiny, and how they write such details. The adopted narrative strategy is one which engages memory, determining the posteriori perception that characterizes the narration. The study, therefore, indicates the narrative technique linked to psychical processes which constitute memory, and help with the exposition of the human anguish; with the subtle criticism to the 20th century’s imperialism and colonialism, theme and motif of his novels. For that reason, the author emphasizes the techniques people use to cover, and sometimes even to supply their emotions and, particularly the way from which such emotions are aroused by memory. The paper shall have, as theoretical support, the Freudian studies about memory, the strange and the experience occurred during childhood, especially considering the narrator’s performance, the character Christopher Banks., as essential focus.
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Motaung, Elizabeth Qaliwe. "The difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans / Elizabeth Qaliwe Motaung." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2526.
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The aim of this study was to identify difficulties experienced by caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The aim was achieved through the following objectives: investigate the family background of caregivers of AIDS orphans; investigate the general emotional impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the health impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the extent of financial impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the impact of caring for AIDS orphans on the social life of caregivers; to make recommendations so as to assist in helping caregivers. A literature review and the qualitative empirical research method were used to achieve the aim and thus, the objectives stated above. The literature review revealed the following difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans: lack of knowledge regarding the formal adoption of orphans; lengthy process administered by an increasingly overstretched system; bad behaviour by orphans; stress resulting to poor physical and mental health, strained personal relationships and lowering of standards of care; poverty; "role strain" and "identity";
interpersonal and family conflicts; isolation and fear for the future; excessive workload of having to care for children; and stigma and discrimination relating to HIV/AIDS. However, this study highlighted the following difficulties: poverty; stress and depression; family fights; adoption; bad influence on orphans by neighbours; education; lack of training; lack of social services support; lack of community support structures; and lack of prior planning by orphans' parents. The conclusions drawn from this study are that there were similar problems revealed in this study to those identified in the literature. For example, both literature and this study revealed poverty, stress and interpersonal and family conflicts as major problems experienced by caregivers. Grandparents and other family members who were caregivers in this study did not see "role strain" and "identity" as major stumbling blocks. Stigma and isolation were also some of the problems not directly experienced by most caregivers. However, it was evident that lack of involvement of some of these caregivers with the community, has led to their not experiencing stigmatisation and isolation.
The following recommendations were made: caregivers should be given adequate training on how to use the grants given to orphans; researchers should use their research findings to influence government policy regarding termination of grants for orphans, that is, as long as orphans are still attending school or university, grants should not be terminated; universities and government should set aside special bursaries or study loans for orphans at universities, and these loans must only be paid when the orphans are in the position to do so; government should make extra funds available to give to caregivers as incentives; Social Welfare Department should be strengthen so that free counselling could be given to caregivers whenever is necessary; School-Based Support Teams (SBST) committees in schools should be capacitated and empowered; capacitate and empower non -governmental organisations (NGOs); and there should be a strong interaction between schools, NGOs, social workers, nurses and police. Limitations of the current study were also identified. This study could not show with absolute certainty whether the problems identified are related to orphanhood in general, rather than orphanhood by HIV/AIDS. Thus it was deemed necessary in future to have a comparison group of caregivers of orphans due to reasons other than HIV/AIDS.
Other limitations included reliance on one population race. The study cannot ascertain whether these findings can be applicable to caregivers from other race groups such as white or coloured races. South Africa is a multicultural society with different norms and values. Thus, the way we react to certain stimuli might be influenced to a large extent by our customs and values.
Further limitations included reliance on one specific type of caregiving. The study did not explore other type such as orphanages, but concentrated on what is regarded as the traditional safety net.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.
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Conaway, Kierstin. "Transnational Adoption and “Orphans” from China’s Perspective: A Culturally Taboo Topic." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617198600545081.
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Chiimba, Cathrine M. "Experiences of young orphans who transition into extended families in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80516.
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This study explores the experiences of young orphans who transition into extended families in Zimbabwe, focusing on the five- to ten-year-old age group. The study embraced a qualitative approach which is situated within the interpretivist paradigm. The choice of the qualitative mode of inquiry was to ensure that the researcher interacted with participants who were remarkably close to young orphans and, henceforth, gather as much reliable and pertinent data as possible. A multiple case study design was employed to investigate five extended family members and their five to ten-year-old young orphans, one social worker and two residential care centre administrators. All five extended families with young orphans lived in the Mutoko, Murewa, Mudzi and Uzumba Maramba Pfungwe (UMP) districts. Data were gathered through interviews, drawings, narratives, and observations. The preference for the research methods were to necessitate a high level of trustworthiness and comprehensive data.
The study established that although the government is mandated to provide services in the transitioning of young orphans into extended families in Zimbabwe, lack of resources inhibit efforts to support these children. Due to lack of funds social workers seldom follow up on young orphans. Although Zimbabwe has well stipulated national, regional and international agreements in its archives on transition, this research study had established that the strained Zimbabwean economy had a negative effect on children who transitioned into extended families. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that extended family members are inadequately prepared and trained to handle young orphans who transition into their families. Furthermore, extended families also face challenges on the scarcity of resources to support young orphans. Young orphans were further challenged by the fact that people stereotyped them because they came from residential care centres. These young orphans also faced several psychological challenges.
The study concluded that both young orphans and extended families are victims of a system that does not have the resources, nor the political and social will to support the transition process. Based on these findings, the recommendations were made for the attention of the government of Zimbabwe, as well as the Department of Social Welfare, who act as executive body in implementing Government’s directives. The study therefore, upholds that extended family members should have relevant skills to enable them to appropriately deal with young orphans. The study further recommends the implementation of policies to take cognisance of the needs of young orphans who transition to extended families are taken on board, as they access appropriate services and resources to mitigate their impediments.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Early Childhood Education
PhD
Unrestricted
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Korevaar, Kim. "A psychosocial description of young orphans living in child-headed homes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27812.
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By 2010, it is projected that there will be 25 million orphans worldwide. It is anticipated that 2.3 million children will be orphaned due to AIDS in South Africa by 2020. Traditionally, the extended family has absorbed most people affected by the disease but there is a growing concern that families are finding it increasingly difficult to cope, perhaps reaching saturation point. In the absence of alternatives, some children end up living alone in child-headed households (CHHs), the numbers of which are rising at an alarming rate. Despite the increase in this living arrangement research is scarce on the psychosocial consequences of AIDS related orphanhood. This is more evident concerning very young orphans living in CHHs. This qualitative study explores psychosocial issues pertaining to young orphans living in CHHs from an ecosystemic perspective. Four participants, who worked in various capacities for two non-governmental organisations, were interviewed in-depth about their experiences of working with young orphans. The conversations were subjected to an interpretive analysis where, in collaboration with the participants, central themes and sub-themes were identified. Eleven main themes emerged from the analysis: why children live in child-headed households; issues surrounding the death of a parent; experiences of a young child living in a child-headed household; the experience of living in a child-headed household; stigma; relationships with relatives; relationships with peers; relationships with crèches and teachers; relationships with the community; relationships with non-governmental organisations; and relationship to government and essential services. Based on an integration of the findings, a model was presented depicting the ecosytemic factors affecting the very young child living in a CHH. CopyrightDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Capellato, Júnior Edson Luiz. "Infância e memória em When We Were Orphans, de Kazuo Ishiguro /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91544.
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Orientador: Maria das Graças Gomes Villa da SilvaBanca: Nelson Viana
Banca: Maria Clara Bonetti Paro
Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o romance When We Were Orphans, de produção do escritor Kazuo Ishiguro, focando o emprego da memória no texto literário, como forma de examinar as estratégias empregadas pelo escritor. A principal preocupação estética do autor britânico volta-se para a maneira como seus personagens lêem e interpretam suas histórias de vida e para como eles percebem as forças que conduzem seus destinos e como reescrevem tais detalhes. A estratégia narrativa adotada é a do emprego da memória marcando a percepção a posteriori que caracteriza o relato. O estudo, portanto, aponta a técnica narrativa ligada aos processos psíquicos constituintes da memória, e auxilia na exposição do sofrimento humano, na crítica sutil ao imperialismo e colonialismo do século XX, tema e motivo de seus romances. Dessa forma, o autor enfatiza as técnicas que as pessoas usam para encobrir e às vezes até para suprimir suas emoções e, em particular, a maneira pela qual tais emoções são estimuladas pela memória. O trabalho terá como suporte teórico os estudos freudianos sobre a memória, o estranho e as experiências ocorridas na infância, particularmente considerando a atuação do narrador, o personagem Christopher Banks, como foco central.
Abstract: This study analyses the novel When We Were Orphans, as part of the writer Kazuo Ishiguro's production, focusing the application of the memory in the literary text, as a form of examining the strategies used by the author. The British author's main aesthetical concern is turned to how his characters read and interpret their life story, and to how they apprehend the forces which lead their destiny, and how they write such details. The adopted narrative strategy is one which engages memory, determining the posteriori perception that characterizes the narration. The study, therefore, indicates the narrative technique linked to psychical processes which constitute memory, and help with the exposition of the human anguish; with the subtle criticism to the 20th century's imperialism and colonialism, theme and motif of his novels. For that reason, the author emphasizes the techniques people use to cover, and sometimes even to supply their emotions and, particularly the way from which such emotions are aroused by memory. The paper shall have, as theoretical support, the Freudian studies about memory, the strange and the experience occurred during childhood, especially considering the narrator's performance, the character Christopher Banks., as essential focus.
Mestre
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Barbier, Clarisse. "Assessing Attachment Process Among Early Institutionalized Orphans in Burkina Faso, Africa." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4981.
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Abstract
The focus of this thesis is early attachment among institutionalized infant orphans. Previous research has pointed towards attachment problems in dysfunctional institutions, but did not take a comparative approach to understanding attachment. The present research was conducted in an orphanage in Kaya, a little town located in the Center North Region of Burkina Faso, Africa. The 22 children at the institution were aged four months to five years and were mostly from the Mossi ethnicity. Using mixed psychological and anthropological methods such as behaviors checklist, attachment questionnaires, and participant observation, this research indicates that orphans do not display evident features of unsecure attachment such as avoidant, resistant, or disorganized attachment: 79% of the children would seek proximity with caregivers, 93% would make visual contact, and 79% would often explore their environment. However, a significant number of children in the orphanage showed disinhibited reactive attachment: 36% of the children would seek contact with a stranger; only 21% would be anxious to see a stranger. Using a cross-cultural approach, the study questions the classification of disinhibited reactive attachment as a problematic ailment and suggest that the behavior might not be seen negatively, but can have positive outcome in the transition process from the orphanage to the adoptive family. The research also examines the factors related to orphanhood that can have consequences on the future of children and consecutively on their chances to form secure attachment. The research underlines many other difficulties between caregivers and orphans such as the lack of training, the young age of the caregivers, and the reluctance to get attached to the children in order to avoid difficult separations. This study emphasizes the complexity of the early attachment process of institutionalized orphans.
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Kayitesi, Berthe. "Facteurs de résilience scolaire chez les orphelins rescapés du génocide qui vivent seuls dans les ménages au Rwanda (Association Tubeho) /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24759048R.pdf.
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Ojiambo, Deborah. "Effectiveness Of Group Activity Play Therapy On Internalizing And Externalizing Behavior Problems Of Preadolescent Orphans In Uganda." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103365/.
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This pilot study investigated the impact of group activity play therapy (GAPT) on displaced orphans aged 10 to 12 years living in a large children.s village in Uganda. Teachers and housemothers identified 60 preadolescents exhibiting clinical levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The participants ethnicity was African and included an equal number of females and males. Participants were randomly assigned to GAPT (n = 30) or reading mentoring (RM; n = 30), which served as an active control. Preadolescents in both treatment groups participated in an average of 16 sessions, twice weekly with each session lasting 50 minutes. Sessions were held in the school located within the village complex. A two (group) by two (repeated measures) split plot ANOVA was used to analyze the data. According to teacher reports using the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and housemother reports using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), children receiving the GAPT intervention demonstrated statistically significant decreases (p < .025) in internalizing behaviors (TRF: p < .001; CBCL: p < .001 ) and externalizing behaviors (TRF: p = .006; CBCL: p < .001) from pretest to posttest compared to children who received RM. The GAPT intervention demonstrated a large treatment effect on reducing orphaned childrenÆs internalizing problems (TRF: ?p2= .213; CBCL: ?p2 = . 244) and a moderate to large treatment effect on reducing externalizing problems (TRF: ?p2= .121; CBCL: ?p2 = .217). The statistical, practical, and clinical significance of the findings provided strong, preliminary support for using GAPT as a developmentally and culturally responsive school-based intervention for troubled Ugandan orphans.
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Doucher, Stephen S. "A View of American Orphanages Through A Study of the History of The Ohio Pythian Home." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1302220863.
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Libal, Kathryn R. "National futures : the child question in early republican Turkey /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6489.
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Nthangeni, Thinavhuyo. "The role of the church in the diaconal care of orphans : a pastoral study with focus on the orphans in the Limpopo Province, Vhembe district / by T. Nthangeni." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/954.
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Because of HIV/AIDS and many related diseases, parents are dying and leaving
their children in trouble and without care. This is a stark reality that certainly
applies to rural areas, including the area of Vhembe district in the Limpopo
Province. In this region many children and families are living along or below the
poverty line. Some children are not so privileged as to be provided with basic
necessities such as food, clothing and proper education. The contribution of the
church is of paramount importance in this regard.
Chapter 2 includes reference to the following principles: Firstly, God is revealed
as a God who cares for the fatherless. He relieves and defends them and works
through people to take care of the orphans. Secondly, God exhorts the state to
do justice to the orphans and to protect them. Thirdly, God commands his society
to treat orphans fairly and with respect. Fourthly, God instructs families to adopt
orphans and treat them like their own children. Fifthly, God bids the church to get
involved in the needs of the orphans, by taking responsibility of giving care to the
orphans and seeing to it that they are cared for. Finally, God promises judgment
before Christ to all who mistreat orphans and poor people, and blessings to all
who take care of them. The principles were identified after studying the Scriptural
portions in the Old Testament (Exodus 22:21-24; Deuteronomy 14:22-29, 24: 19-
22, Esther 2:7; Psalm 94:6; Psalms 146:9; Proverbs 22: 9; Isaiah 10:1-4;
Jeremiah 22:3; Zechariah 7:10.) and in the New Testament (Matthew 25:31-46,
James 1 :27).
Chapter 3 reflects information gained by a literature study in conjunction with the
empirical study. The State, together with other NGOs and some individuals are
concerned about the orphans' plight. There is also a need for the church to
extend a hand, because the number of orphans is growing and growing.
Chapter 4 gives the practical guidelines on how the Reformed Churches in the
Vhembe district can take part regarding the care of orphans.
In chapter 5 concluding remarks and recommendations are summarised.Thesis (M.Th. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Svedberg, Linda. "Grandparents Left with AIDS-orphans; Challenges and Strategies Handling Poverty and Stigma." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-91.
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By 2010 it is estimated that one third of the African children will be orphans as an effect of HIV/AIDS. The crisis is already a fact and most orphans are absorbed by the extended family where the grandparents become the primary caretakers. This qualitative study was carried out in Kenya to explore the situation of these grandparents and to define their current resources and needs. Eight grandparents living in rural village or urban slum caring for their orphaned grandchildren were interviewed. The results showed that these families live under extremely poor conditions lacking food, other vital neccesities and a basic social network. Local churches and support groups emerged as the grandparents main sources to enhance strength and support. Key factors causing the acute poverty is HIV-related stigma and lack of access to land.
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Claret, Laura. "The psychological well-being among institutionalized orphans and vulnerable children in Maputo." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8004.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty and its consequences hit orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) the hardest. As the once protective safety net dissipates, many OVC are forced to live in overcrowded and understaffed orphanages. In the attempt to meet survival needs, psychological health is pushed into the background. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of psychological well-being among institutionalized OVC in Maputo, Mozambique. Qualitative interviews (N=12) and field observations in orphanages (N=6) were analyzed through the hierarchy of needs model. Institutionalized OVC were found living under poor general care with few opportunities for ludic, educational, and social growth. Also among the finding were neglect and abuse, attachment difficulties and traumatic stress symptoms. Nonetheless, this study opposes the disuse of orphanages and suggests interventions to improve the children’s psychological well-being.
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Cudjoe, Richard V. "The social and legal position of widows and orphans in classical Athens." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2101/.
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I have attempted in the following pages to examine Athenian law and customary practices that shaped the lives of widows and orphans in the society during the classical period, using evidence mainly from the Attic orators. The work has two main divisions classified as follows: (A): The Athenian Widow in Law and Society; (B): Orphans in Classical Athens. Among the main issues discussed in section A, are the impact of the cycle of wars (foreign and internal) and other demographic features on family life and structure, instances of family laws about widows and orphans, and what role the archon could play the protect the welfare of widows and orphans in the society. Other matters discussed also are the status of the widow's marriage and dowry at the death of her husband, her residential status, rights to maintenance and support, the question of remarriage among widows, and what influence the widow could exert in either her deceased husband's household or that of her kindred. The fundamental motives for the striking phenomenon of appointing nearest relatives as guardians of orphans are discussed in Section B. An attempt has also been made not only to resolve the seeming uncertainties among scholars as to whether or not an epikleros, the other of the two categories of females with special legal protection, could be claimed before her puberty at the death of her father, but to examine also her peculiar status in the family and kinship structure. Other issues discussed also in Section B are the assumption of responsibilities of guardians, how the duties of guardians reflected the social and legal status of orphans under their guardians, and the position of state orphans.
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PEIXOTO, CRISTIANO HOLTZ. "ORPHANS OF FATHER AND MOTHER: THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL NEED OF THE SPIRITUAL DIRECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36830@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Um dos desafios que a Igreja enfrenta na atualidade é fazer com que a mensagem do Evangelho penetre nos corações humanos com profundidade, e isso se deve certamente à mentalidade hodierna, que exalta o individualismo. Existem diversas iniciativas pastorais que buscam atualizar sua linguagem para se tornarem capazes de falar ao coração do ser humano de hoje. Dentre essas, a Direção Espiritual, prática realizada no seio da Igreja desde os primeiros séculos, pode ser uma resposta coerente e mais compatível com a atualidade em virtude de sua própria dinâmica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar em que medida a Direção Espiritual pode ser um auxílio para a pastoral contemporânea, estabelecendo-se inclusive como necessária do ponto de vista antropológico, uma vez que a maior necessidade do ser humano é a de ser acolhido como pessoa, mas também a de ser ajudado a abrir-se para Deus, para os outros e para o mundo.
One of the challenges facing Catholic Church today is to make the message of the Gospel penetrate human hearts deeply, and this is certainly due to today s mentality, which exalts individualism. There are several pastoral initiatives that seek to update their language to become able to speak to the heart of the human being today. One of this initiatives is the Spiritual Direction, a practice that has been practiced within the Church since the first centuries. It can be a coherent and more compatible response to the present situation by virtue of its own dynamics. The purpose of this research is to verify to what extent the Spiritual Direction can be an aid to the contemporary pastoral, establishing itself as necessary from the anthropological point of view, since the greatest need of the human being is to be welcomed as a person, but also to be helped to open himself to God, to others and to the world.
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Mthiyane, N. P. "Setting the silences to speak : "Towards a critical consciousness of adolescent orphans"." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/611.
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Published ArticleThis paper explores comparatively the voices of the orphaned adolescents living in an orphanage and foster homes. Currently the emphasis is on children's rights; it is believed that children have rights to have their opinions heard, to refuse a demand, to voice their dissatisfaction and, in the case of orphans, to question the reasons for their status. This study is qualitative in nature and utilises the discourse analysis approach (analogue and dialogical method). A sample of ten orphaned adolescents (OAs) was randomly selected in an informal settlement in Inanda. Semi-structured interviews and diaries were used to collect data. Critical consciousness is explored in addressing silences using the adolescents' lenses as a platform for meaning-making. Through in-depth interpretation of their problems, self-awareness of the OAs was also attained, which is best for a person to develop and thrive (or not) despite challenges.
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Maqoko, Zamani. "HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households : a challenge to pastoral care." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23570.
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HIV/AIDS has done a great damage to families and their children. Due to HIV/AIDS, grandmothers find themselves caring for their sick children, grandchildren and orphaned grandchildren. Because of the large number of AIDS orphans, the existing pool of community-based support has become saturated. Therefore these children now have to fend for themselves. They are forced to become heads of the households and breadwinners. In this situation the older children have to assume the role of looking after their siblings. Death caused by HIV/AIDS leaves children vulnerable, in great distress and poverty. The stigma and discrimination related to the HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in the isolation of infected persons and their family members. Sometimes the isolation continues until and even after the children become orphans. It is a fact that HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households are undergoing traumatic experiences. On the psychological level children are traumatized by the illness of their parent(s). Because of the high rate of unemployed and pervasive poverty in this country many families are reluctant to take in orphans. Other problems are: the cost of treating illnesses caused by HIV/AIDS places a huge economic burden on families. After death, funeral expenses contribute to the toll exacted by HIV/AIDS. It becomes increasingly impossible for families and communities to absorb the cost and support the large numbers of children alone. Some women hesitate to take in the orphaned children of their relatives because they fear that their husbands will abuse the children Investigation into the existing literature reveals that previous studies concentrated mostly on the educational, psychosocial and emotional needs of people with HIV/AIDS. Studies on child headed households’ deals primarily with children’s rights and the accessibility of social grants for children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Although not much was available statistically, for the purpose of this study I have identified several households headed by children, whether the cause of this was HIV/AIDS or misfortunes such as parental suicide or accidents. This study has focused on the experiences of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households. This study has also investigated whether HIV/AIDS orphans suffer more deeply psychologically and emotionally than children who have been orphaned by other circumstances other than AIDS. This study highlights the many difficulties and setbacks experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans who become heads of households after the death of their parents. An exploratory research design was utilised and qualitative approach was followed. Five households were chosen as samples that complied with requirements of this study. Participants in these households were between ages 13 and 18 years old. The information gathered by means of literature and empirical research reveals that the children affected by HIV/AIDS are not only physically impoverished, but also psychologically, socially and spiritually. They suffer from fear, depression, stress, anxiety, stigmatisation and discrimination, isolation, and are often scorned by peers. HIV/AIDS orphans experience psychological trauma on account of witnessing their parent’s illness and death (or departure), carrying the responsibility of caring for sick parents, and after their death, for siblings. The socio-economic circumstances of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed household often force them to drop out of school, in order to find ways of providing for the family. The traumatic experience of HIV/AIDS orphans and children who have been orphaned to other circumstances, are similar. The following themes can be considered for future research:- Stress experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households due to HIV/AIDS .
- The role of churches in identifying and supporting orphans in child headed households .
Dissertation (MTheol(Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
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Nyamukapa, Constance. "The psychosocial well-being of orphans in HIV/AIDS-afflicted eastern Zimbabwe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8369.
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Almost 21% of Zimbabwe's population of roughly 13 million people live with HIV infection while 1.6 million children (23%) have been orphaned. The epidemic is further worsening children's lives by decreasing access to health services, education, shelter, clothing, vocational training, legal protection, psychosocial support, and care from family members. Understanding the psychosocial effects on children of being orphaned or made vulnerable by the epidemic is vital if further problems in childhood and later life are to be averted. Objectives: 1. To develop a theoretical framework for understanding the relationships between orphan experience, psychosocial distress, and child experiences and adult life chances; 2. To compare and contrast levels of psychosocial distress by form (i.e. paternal only, maternal only and double) and duration of orphanhood in Zimbabwe; 3. To assess the cumulative impact of psychosocial distress experienced in childhood on risky behaviour outcomes in adolescence and adult life experiences; 4. To assess how appropriate and sensitive the methods and tools used in the study were to the children's plight. Methods: Stata version 9.0 was used to conduct statistical analyses of data from three survey sources: the Zimbabwe Oye Baseline Survey 2004, the Manicaland Child Cohort Study, and the Manicaland HIV/SID Prevention Project. Qualitative data were collected and used to aid interpretation of the statistical results. Results: In the national ayC survey (ages 12-17 years), psychosocial distress was more common in females and younger children. Orphans overall and each form of orphan were at greater risk of developing psychosocial distress than non-orphans. In multivariate analyses, being resident in an urban area (Coeff, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.28), on a commercial farm (Coeff, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.08-0.84), in the poorest 20% of households (Coeff, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.24), in a household that had received external Support (Coeft', 0.21; 95% CI, -0.01-0.44) and not being related to the closest caregiver (Coeff, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.24) were associated with psychosocial distress. Being in a female-headed household (Coeff; -0.11; 95% CI, -0.19- -0.02) and receiving psychosocial support from the closest caregiver (Coeff, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09- -0.01) had protective effects against psychosocial distress. Maternal and paternal orphans were significantly more likely than non-OYC to have engaged in sexual activity. These differences were reduced after controlling for psychosocial distress. In Manicaland, eastern Zimbabwe, paternal and double orphans were at increased risk of psychosocial distress. Orphans were more likely to have started sex and to have engaged in substance abuse. However, the only (borderline) significant result was increased likelihood of paternal orphans having engaged in substance abuse [p = 0.056]. Conclusion: Orphaned children in Zimbabwe suffer greater psychosocial distress which may lead to increased likelihood of sexual debut and HIV infection. The impact of strategies to provide psychosocial support should be evaluated scientifically.
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Mengel, Nadia. "A Social Work assessment of the emotional needs of HIV/AIDS orphans." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08182004-090705.
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Efird, Robert Arthur. "Japan's war orphans and new overseas Chinese : history, identification and (multi)ethnicity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6405.
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Nwagbo, Anthonia. "Impact of Goodwill Organizations and Community Collaboration on AIDS-Orphans' Needs in Nyanza Province, Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1349.
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A number of researchers have explored the toll of AIDS on the children who have become orphans as a result of the disease; others have investigated the roles of aid-giving agencies on the alleviation of the orphans' situation. However, despite researchers' pointing to the germaneness of community and goodwill agency liaison, no study had examined the impact of such collaboration on the resources available to the orphans. To this end, the heads-of-household of 532 AIDS orphans under 18 years old in Kenya's Nyanza province were surveyed to investigate the impact of community-referral on the state of AIDS orphans with regard to homelessness, birth registration, food security, school attendance, and sibling separation. The theoretical framework for the study was rooted on the interplay of resource-availability and stressors on AIDS orphans. Results of regression analysis showed that double orphans ate fewer meals than maternal or paternal orphans. There was an inverse relationship between the number of AIDS orphans in a home and the likelihood of homelessness; older orphans tended to not be separated from their siblings; double orphans were more likely than single orphans to be separated from their siblings; school absenteeism was higher among older orphans and when the head-of-household was female; community-referred, male children, offsprings of the respondents tended to have birth registration. The results of the assessment will be pertinent to stakeholders as a framework to guide program planning and implementation as they address the needs of AIDS orphans in Nyanza province and other similar communities.
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Jepkemboi, Grace. "The educational and psychological experiences of children orphaned by AIDS in western Kenya." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/jepkemboi.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.Additional advisors: Gypsy Abbott, Lois M. Christensen, Lynn D. Kirkland, Maryann Manning. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 6, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-104).
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Salifu, Yendork Joana. "The psychological functioning and experiences following placement in orphanages : an exploratory study of orphanhood in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96074.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Parental loss and orphanage placement can be stressful and can negatively influence the well-being of children. However, few studies have been conducted on the psychological well-being of Ghanaian orphans placed in orphanages. As a result, the impact of orphanage placement following parental loss in Ghana is not well understood. The present study aimed to explore the psychological functioning and experiences of orphaned children placed in orphanages in comparison to non-orphaned children in Accra, Ghana. A mixed-method design with elements of both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. For quantitative data, questionnaires were used to source information pertaining to quality of life, stress (symptoms of depression and anxiety), problems experienced during the month, coping strategies, perceived social support, perceived self-efficacy and resilience. For qualitative data, follow-up interviews with selected orphaned participants were used to delve into participants’ experiences of placement in an orphanage. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who were aged between seven and 17 years. The sample comprised 100 orphaned children, placed in four orphanages, and 100 non-orphans sampled from two public schools in Accra. The quantitative data were analysed using the t-test, the chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation analyses, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses. The qualitative data were analysed through content and thematic analyses. The results revealed that orphaned children showed more anxiety symptoms than non-orphans but both groups of children presented with high levels of depressive symptoms. The predominant problems for both groups of children were problems with school and relationship problems with peers and caregivers. However, for orphaned children, relationship problems with peers were commonly cited whereas for non-orphans, problems cited were relationship difficulties with caregivers. Despite the heightened emotional distress, orphaned children reported high levels of self-efficacy and resilience as well as stronger perceptions of available support from friends than non-orphans. Non-orphaned children perceived significantly stronger support from families than orphaned children. Regression analyses also revealed that for orphaned children, anxiety and support-seeking coping emerged as significant predictors of qualify of life whereas depression emerged as a significant predictor of quality of life for non-orphaned children. Self-efficacy emerged as a significant positive predictor of resilience for orphaned children whereas self-efficacy and perceived social support emerged as significant positive predictors of resilience for non-orphans. The results of the thematic analyses of the follow-up interviews with selected orphans also revealed that orphanage placement evoked both negative and positive experiences. While orphanages provided structure, nurturance, a safe home environment and avenues for positive peer relationships that engendered a sense of belonging, they were also associated with financial constraints and relationship problems with peers and caregivers. In addition, the Christian-religious orientation of the orphaned children appeared to foster orphans’ well-being. The present study provided evidence that both the orphaned and non-orphaned children were vulnerable to psychological distress. Therefore, interventions should be effected to both groups of children. Furthermore, the study showed that orphanages provided sanctuary and nurturance to orphans who lack parental care and could be considered as a viable form of orphan care in Ghana.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ouerverlies en weeshuisplasing veroorsaak stres en kan die welstand van kinders negatief beïnvloed. Min navorsingstudies is egter gedoen oor die psigologiese welstand van Ghanese weeskinders wat in weeshuise geplaas word. Die gevolg is dat die impak van weeshuisplasing ná ouerverlies nie goed in Ghana verstaan word nie. Die studie is daarop gemik om die psigologiese funksionering en ervarings van kinders wat ouerloos gelaat en in weeshuise in Accra, Ghana, geplaas word, te ondersoek en dit met dié van nieweesgelate kinders te vergelyk. ’n Gemengdemetode-ontwerp met elemente van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe benaderings is gebruik. Vraelyste is vir die kwantitatiewe data gebruik ten einde inligting te bekom oor lewenskwaliteit, stres (simptome van depressie en angs), daaglikse streswekkers of stressors, behartigingstrategieë, waargenome sosiale steun, waargenome selfbedrewendheid en veerkrag. Vir die kwalitatiewe data is opvolgonderhoude met geselekteerde weesgelate deelnemers gevoer ten einde die deelnemers se geleefde ervarings van plasing in ’n weeshuis indringend te bekyk. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om deelnemers tussen die ouderdom van sewe en 17 jaar oud te selekteer. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 100 weesgelate kinders wat in vier weeshuise geplaas is, en 100 nieweesgelate kinders wat as steekproef uit twee openbare skole in Accra geneem is. Die kwantitatiewe data is ontleed met gebruikmaking van die t-toets, die chi-kwadraattoets, Pearson-produkmomentkorrelasieontledings, asook eenrigting-variansie- (VARO) en regressieontledings. Die kwalitatiewe data is aan die hand van inhouds- en tematiese ontledings geanaliseer. Volgens die resultate toon weesgelate kinders meer angssimptome as nieweesgelate kinders, terwyl beide groepe kinders met hoë vlakke van depressiewe simptome presenteer. Die oorheersende daaglikse stressors by beide groepe kinders is probleme by die skool, asook verhoudingsprobleme met die portuurgroep en sorggewers. Wat die weesgelate kinders betref, word verhoudingsprobleme met die portuurgroep egter as die mees algemene probleme aangevoer, terwyl nieweesgelate kinders verhoudingsprobleme met sorggewers aandui. Afgesien van die verhoogde emosionele nood, toon weesgelate kinders hoë vlakke van selfbedrewendheid en veerkrag, asook sterker persepsies van beskikbare bystand deur vriende, as wat die geval is by nieweesgelate kinders. Nieweesgelate kinders neem beduidend sterker bystand van families waar as wat die geval is by weesgelate kinders. Regressieontledings dui ook aan dat angs en bystandsoekende behartigingsgedrag by weesgelate kinders as beduidende voorspellers van lewensgehalte presenteer, terwyl depressie as ’n beduidende voorspeller van lewensgehalte by nieweesgelate kinders presenteer. Selfbedrewendheid presenteer as ’n beduidende positiewe voorspeller van veerkrag by weesgelate kinders, terwyl selfbedrewendheid en waargenome sosiale bystand as beduidende positiewe voorspellers vir veerkrag, by nieweesgelate kinders presenteer. Volgens die resultate van die tematiese ontledings van opvolgonderhoude met geselekteerde weeskinders, ontlok weeshuisplasing beide negatiewe en positiewe ervarings. Weeshuise skep struktuur, koestering, ’n veilige tuisomgewing en kanale vir positiewe portuurgroepverhoudings, en gevolglik ’n gevoel van samehorigheid, ofskoon hierdie instansies ook met finansiële beperkings en verhoudingsprobleme met portuurgroepe en versorgers verbind word. Verder blyk dit dat die Christengeloof-oriëntasie van die weesgelate kinders die welstand van die weeskinders bevorder. Die aangebode studie lewer bewys dat sowel die weesgelate as die nieweesgelate kinders kwesbaar is vir psigologiese nood. Gevolglik word intervensies vir beide groepe kinders aangedui. Die studie toon verder dat weeshuise ’n toevlugsoord en versorgingsplek bied vir weeskinders wat nie ouerlike sorg ontvang nie, en dat dit as ’n lewensvatbare vorm van weeskindsorg in Ghana beskou kan word.
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Singh, Sumitra. "Health status and health needs of orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: contains 3rd party material and therefore cannot be made available electronically, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53383.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009.With: Health status and health needs of the orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal : the findings of the pilot study / S. Sing, Edwin R. Van Teijlingen, P. Simkhada. Stupa Journal of health services. 2007: 3, 1-2. With: Health status and health needs of orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal / S. Sing, P. Simkhada, Edwin R. Van Teijlingen. Journal of Nepal Heath Research Council. 2007: 5, 2. Includes bibliographical references.