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Journal articles on the topic 'Orphans – Education – 19th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Avsheniuk, Nataliia, Olena Anishchenko, Kateryna Hodlevska, and Nataliya Seminikhyna. "Training to professional fulfillment: the history of women’s education in Ukraine (at the end 19th – early 20th centuries)." SHS Web of Conferences 142 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214201001.

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The article is focused on the findings of the research of women’s professional education in the context of their self-fulfillment opportunities in Ukraine at the end of 19th-beginning of the 20th century. The current state of research on pedagogical theory’s chosen topic is outlined. The peculiarities of training women in professional educational institutions of different profiles and levels were determined considering the socio-economic, socio-political events in Ukraine and specific purposes, tasks and functions, and foreign trends in women’s professional education. The government impact, charity and educational societies’ focus on women’s professional education in Ukraine has been analyzed. The main emphasis has been placed on the problem of special education for representatives of national minorities, deprived children, and orphans. The theoretical analysis of constructive ideas of women’s professional education experience of the late 19th – early 20th century in the new context of Ukraine’s socio-economic development is substantiated.

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2

KUCHER, Katharina, Pavel Petrovich SHCHERBININ, and Yuliya Vyacheslavovna SHCHERBININA. "THE ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE CARE OF ORPHANS IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE TAMBOV EPARCHY)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 176 (2018): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-176-154-164.

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The practice of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate of the 19th – early 20th century through the prism of Orthodox charity and monastic charity is studied comprehensively and systematically. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, primarily periodicals, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied representatively. We summarize the domestic experience of studying the system of charitable initiatives of the Orthodox clergy in provincial Russia, which had significant differences from the realities of the capital. The peculiarity of the care organizations of orphans of the spiritual estate at the regional and district level, which allows to assess the realities of social protection in the Tambov Eparchy of the chronological period, is studied. The possibilities of monastic charity and its significance in the context of charitable activities are clarified. Special consideration is given to the rules of care for orphans in monasteries in the years of peace and during the Russian-Japanese War in 1904–1905 and the First World War in 1914–1918. The main motives and incentives for charitable activities of large regional monasteries were identified, which reflected the general trends in the development of provincial society in the Russian Empire of the examined period. Conclusions are drawn about the results and experience, traditions and features of the activities of parish caregivers to support orphans at the level of the province and county, which allowed to successfully reconstruct this part of the social protection system of pre-revolutionary Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of charitable support of the Orthodox clergy, as well as the assessment of socio-cultural and ethno-religious positions of the regional society. The influence of the practice of orphans care in the monastery shelters in the period of education and training, as well as subsequent socialization is clarified. It is proved that the Orthodox clergy very rarely showed their own initiative to care for orphans in the region, but the orders of the eparchial authorities determined the ideology and practice of provincial charity through the prism of spiritual bonds and values of mercy.

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3

Czepil, Marija, and Oresta Karpenko. "Pedagogical Principles of Child Custody in European Countries." Czech-polish historical and pedagogical journal 11, no. 2 (2019): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cphpj-2019-030.

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The article describes the forms of orphans’ care, custody of children deprived of parental care, their emergence and development in European countries of the 18th century – the first half of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the theory and practice of custodial education, socio-pedagogical concepts, which are based on the principle of family and living together, where you care for the child and love him. The concept of upbringing in Children’s homes, which for the first time in the history of upbringing was implemented in Switzerland, was highlighted. A significant contribution to the theory and practice of upbringing was the adoption to Rescue houses kids of both sexes. At that time that was an innovative idea.

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Raimondo, Rossella. "L’assistenza all’infanzia a Reggio Emilia: origini e trasformazioni tra Otto e Novecento." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.139.

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The aim of this article is to reconstruct the evolution in the type of interventions and childcare models adopted by the institutions charged with caring for orphans in 18th- and 19th-century Reggio Emilia, Italy. Through analysis of the documents – some previously unseen – preserved at the archives of ASP Reggio Emilia Città delle Persone and Polo Archivistico Comunale, it is possible to understand how the city of Reggio Emilia adapted itself to the developing needs of its wards, and social, legislative and especially educational changes, seeking to go beyond the isolatory and custodial spirit that characterised life within orphanages until the end of the 19th century. The history of the local institutions intertwines with that of the national processes and changes which revolutionised the traditional concept of «institute». The monolithic, centuries-old and obsolete «orphanage» gave way to care within the community (1962), founded on the principles of protection, promotion and education of individuals. The stories of these individuals that emerge from the personal records and material analysed enable us to broaden our gaze on the reconstruction of institutional history, starting from a more internal perspective and focusing on the «subjectivity» of those in need of basic care. Such personal histories enable us to not only to understand the peculiarities of the various «cases», but also their living conditions, and the ways in which care, and at the same time education, was provided.

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5

Bilavych, Halyna V., Inna M. Tkachivska, Iryna I. Rozman, Iryna Ja Didukh, Nadiya O. Fedchyshyn, Larysa Ya Fedoniuk, and Borys P. Savchuk. "VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL AID, EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS (END OF THE XIX – 30S OF THE XX CENTURY)." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 11 (2022): 2855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202211223.

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The aim is to analyze the leading directions of volunteer activity of Ukrainian students in the field of medical, social assistance, education of children, youth and adults in Galicia (end of the 19th – 30s of the 20th century). Materials and methods: The study uses a number of scientific methods: chronological, historical, specific search, content analysis – provide selection, analysis of the source base, allow to identify general trends, directions of development, achievements and gaps of the Ukrainian student movement in Galicia in the field of medical, social care, education and enlightenment of children and adults in the late XIX – 30s of the XX century; extrapolation and actualization – focus on creative thinking, adaptation and use of this historical experience under the current conditions. Conclusions: Voluntary activity of Ukrainian students (end of the 19th – 30s of the 20th century) is an interesting peculiar phenomenon not only in national, but also in European history, which has real achievements and deserves a scientific and theoretical understanding from the standpoint of today. Student volunteer experience in the field of social and medical protection of children and adults, education, cultural development, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, dissemination of sanitary and hygienic knowledge, medical counseling can be useful and instructive now, when Ukraine is fighting against the Russian aggressor. We outline the volunteer activity of students who belonged to the “Medychna hromada” society (1910-1944) as a national phenomenon of the organization of public medical care of the population of Galicia, which has no analogue in the history of Ukrainian medicine. It is primarily about a high degree of civic self-awareness, patriotism, self-sacrifice for the benefit of the Ukrainian people, the provision of medical services to low-income sections of the population, widows, orphans, disabled people, veterans of the Great War, medical care of children and youth, etc. – all this inspires modern doctors who provide assistance to soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, wounded in hospitals, internally displaced persons, etc.

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6

Nevzorov, Evgeniy. "Soldiers’ children as a successful project of the Russian army recruitment reserve formation in the first half of the 19th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 180 (2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-180-133-141.

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We describe the features of the reserve replenishment formation of the Russian army at the expense of soldiers’ children in the 19th century. We reveal the historical and legal aspects of the social and class status of the “military class” representatives descendants: soldiers’ children, recruits of soldiers’ children. Born in the recruits families and lower ranks during the service period in the Russian army, either retired, soldiers on indefinite leave and disabled veterans, the soldiers’ children had a special social and legal position in the class structure of Russian society, which are specifically regulated, as the legislative and enforcement practices in the capitals and provinces in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The involvement of a fairly wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed to conduct the reconstruction of both the existing legal regulation and the actual social parameters of the “military offspring” in the armed forces. We also reveal the aspects of education of military cantonists in special military educational insti-tutions and similar military units (military orphan units, training battalions and companies, carabinieri regiments) reflected in the primary archival documents and legislative acts, social and legal, class and everyday conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military chil-dren”. We clarify statistical errors in the calculation of the military class representatives – soldiers’ children – in the Russian province. We give a detailed historiographical study assessment of the legal status of cantonists and recruits of soldiers’ children, as well as identifying research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians. We made conclusions about the prospects of the sci-entific problems study by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival docu-ments that need to be introduced into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “sol-diers’ children” was the most important component of the Russian armed forces combat capability formation, allowing to prepare a significant reserve. We also show the prospects of the cantonists transformation into professional soldiers, as well as their role in the military history of the Russian Empire in the considered chronological period.

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7

Koloh, Gábor. "Financial situation of Orphans and Half-orphans in Southern Transdanubia, Hungary in the 19th Century." Romanian Journal of Population Studies 15, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rjps.2021.1.03.

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8

Andersson, T., U. Hogberg, and S. Åkerman. "Survival of orphans in 19th century Sweden—the importance of remarriages." Acta Paediatrica 85, no. 8 (August 1996): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14198.x.

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9

Radchenko, Liudmyla. "Strengthening of the political component in the antigovernment actions of students in Naddnipryanska Ukraine in the the 90’s of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190202.

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The purpose of the article: to consider the process of strengthening of political requirements, the radicalization of the student movement at universities in the under Russian Ukraine. In modern literature, in our opinion, such questions as the level of schism among students, in particular, the role of the so-called “Academics”, excessive radicalism in assessing professions, the negative impact on the left of radical left parties. Methods: historical-structural, paradigmal, etc. Main results. This article is devoted to the scientific analysis of student disorders in the universities of pre-revolutionary under Russian Ukraine (St. Vladimir University in Kyiv, Novorossiysk University in Odessa, Kharkov University) during the critical period of the 90’s of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Using the historical comparative system-structural research methods, an analysis of the evolution of student disorders was conducted during this period; the reasons for substantial changes were revealed. Comparing the students’ requirements of the 60’s when their demands were mostly connected with the academic points, protest movements even of such content became more catastrophic. For example, the Student Judicial Commission stated that it was illegal to award a scientific degree of Doctor of Chemistry to Professor I. P. Osipov, a well-known specialist of Kharkiv University on theoretical inorganic and organic chemistry (in particular, the thermo-chemistry of solution chemistry) in analytical chemistry and pharmacology, the expert on forensic expertise in cases of arsons and fakes. Similarly, the injustice a part of the students shown to Professor O. O. Einhelman (St. Vladimir University) petitioning in courts protecting rights of regular citizens, orphans and a future author of Ukraine Constitution project 1918. The third students’ congress in the beginning of 1896 firstly appeared the slogan of support for the working class. Events of February 1899 when security guards bitten students of Saint-Petersburg University became a kind of watershed after which the opportunity for effective dialogue between the authorities and students narrowed to the limit. Reasons for the rise of radicalism today are known domination of atheistic worldview of the most part of student youth, promotion of left parties, belief in socialism, as a panacea youth minimalism and intolerance to evolutionary politics falling family influence lack of an effective education system in universities. The Rules for students of 1895 forbidden student reading houses, kitchenettes, holding theatrical performances, balls. There were illegal public speeches, fraternity, cash fees, lithographic content of lectures without the permission of professors, etc. It was allowed to create a student’s family as an exception since May 18, 1898, but only with the consent of the director of educational establishment or rector. On the other hand system of material assistance to a poor student was operating; scholarship funds; practice; exemption from payment for studies; dormitories were built. These benefits were denied to Jew students that often made them the most active protesters. The Academic Council of Kharkiv University believed that the students’ disorders were due to the lack of a university professorial disciplinary court, which had disconnected from professors. Mention that after the assassination by student Karpovich the Minister of Education Bogolepov the government made concessions by adopting on December 22, 1901, “Provisional rules for the organization of student institutions in higher educational institutions”. Then on August 24, 1902, the provisional rules were approved for the activities of the professorial disciplinary court, which worked closely. Well, the influence of radical parties of students’ disbelief in the evolutionary principle of the development of disunity of “academics”, so called students who did not want to participate in disorders led to a new round of rebels. Thus, by the beginning of 1905, the students became a “flammable material” that took an active part in the revolutionary events of the beginning of the XX century. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of its use in the preparation of historical and pedagogical manuals. A certain originality is the widespread use of archival sources. Scientific novelty. For the first time, concrete examples show the mosaic complexity of student speeches, including those overly radical and largely deeply erroneous decisions that can be explained not only by the inexperience of young people, but also by the peculiarities of the then social and political situation. Type of article: descriptive-analytical.

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10

Ivanov, Konstantin. "When People Become Instruments: Using Soldiersʼ Sons in the Topographic Surveys in the Russian Empire." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, no. 2 (2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060020602-4.

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In 1916, right after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, an Imperial order was issued to begin working on a new map of the Russian Empire, based on the exact mathematical principles. The Vilno Governorate was selected as a testing ground and colonel K. I. Tenner was put in charge of the survey. To increase map precision, it was intended to carry out triangulation first and then to conduct a topographic survey based on this triangulation. However, while triangulation could be successfully performed by a small number of officers, a topographic survey demanded a significant number of participants who were lacking. Tenner suggested using as surveyors the ablest soldiers’ sons, students of military orphan schools (cantonists). This initiative was rather doubtful from the standpoint of anthropological criteria for being capable of producing reliable knowledge. The epistemological regime of the early 19th century demanded a cautious attitude to evidence produced by children, servants, the sick and the insane. Nevertheless, the experiment proposed and carried out by Tenner was deemed successful. Three years later, the Corps of Topographical Surveyors was organized where practices that enabled making a disciplined and reliable surveyor out of an uneducated and low-born soldier’s son became institutionally implemented. The article analyzes how the conditions formed for according a legal status to the topographic knowledge generated by hundreds of poorly educated adolescents. Particular attention is given to the development of the Regulation on the Corps of Topographical Surveyors, practical application of the rules for the organization of education in this institution, and to how the criteria and procedures were developed that enabled turning half-educated soldiers’ sons into competent surveyors who became instrumental in many civil projects and military operations.

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11

Hart, Sue. "Women and education in 19th‐century France." Modern & Contemporary France 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639489708456360.

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12

MacDonald, Brian. "Reflections on Education in 19th Century Fermanagh." Clogher Record 19, no. 1 (2006): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27699549.

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13

Rutkow, Ira M. "Medical Education in Early 19th Century America." Archives of Surgery 134, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.134.4.453.

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14

Dziuba, Olena. "Traditions of family mutual aid in the Cossack Starshyna society (18th century)." Folk art and ethnology, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2021.04.028.

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The article, based on the analysis of various sources, including epistolary heritage, wills, memoirs, traces the existence in the Cossack Starshyna society of traditions of family aid for orphans. In the scientific historical, ethnographic literature, this topic is poorly studied, the existence of traditions of mutual aid were considered mostly on the example of the peasant environment. The rights of orphans were protected in testaments, and care for them was considered an established norm, the rejection of which provoked public condemnation. The responsibility for the lives of orphans, their upbringing, education, marriage, career advancement was assumed by the older generation, their property rights were governed by applicable law. According to custom, the brothers were to provide the orphaned sisters with a dowry and a maternity leave. The article considers the most typical manifestations of family mutual assistance on the example of information from the family life of famous representatives of the Cossack Starshyna. Care for family members was not limited to caring for orphans, it was provided to those family members who found themselves in a difficult financial situation, had family problems, were ill. Much also depended on the features of individual psychology, but in general, family values, part of which was the care of orphans, determined the basis of daily life.

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15

Kaser, David. "19th-century academic library buildings." College & Research Libraries News 48, no. 8 (September 1, 1987): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.48.8.476.

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16

Skořepová, Markéta. "Tutors, Godparents and Trustees of Orphans in rural Society of the first half of 19th Century." Opera Historica 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/oph.2016.005.

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17

Milne, I. "18th and 19th century dietary advice." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 44, no. 4 (2014): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2014.421.

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18

Millar, Margaret, Ian T. Millar, and E. G. Walaschewski. "Chemists as autobiographers: The 19th century." Journal of Chemical Education 62, no. 4 (April 1985): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed062p275.

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19

Lampela, Laurel. "Women's Art Education Institutions in 19th Century England." Art Education 46, no. 1 (January 1993): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3193419.

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20

Popovitch, Ružica. "The Education of Women in 19th-Century Serbia." Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies 29, no. 1-2 (2018): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ser.2018.0008.

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21

Krivopalova, Veronika, and Maria Filyushina. "Valery Kalistratov «The cry of the bride - orphans at the grave of parents» from the cycle "Five wedding songs" for women's choir." Muzykal'nyj al'manah Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 13 (2022): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/26188929/13/16.

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There are periods of special interest in folklore in the history of Russian music. This is the second half of the 19th century - the period of national self-consciousness and the activity of the composers of the Mighty Handful. And the second half of the twentieth century and the "New Folk Wave". If the work of Valery Kalistratov (1942-2020) is not well known, then it is indicative of the artistic world of his era. Therefore, it is interesting to pay attention to his choral work.

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IKONNIKOV, Sergey Anatolevich. "MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR POOR CLERGY, WIDOWS AND ORPHANS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY (based on the materials of the Central Black Earth eparchies)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 177 (2018): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-177-151-158.

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In the post-reform period of Russian history, the material security of the parish clergy was one of the most discussed problem. Clergymen and prominent public figures noted that standard of living of the clergy had to be improved. Donations for private services were unstable and led to conflicts between clergymen and believers. But despite difficulties in material security of regular clergymen, the provision of poor priests and deacons was even worse. Dismissed for health reasons or old age clerics had no sources of income as well as widows and orphans. They could hope either for the help of their relatives, or for the activity of diocese charity organizations. On the basis of archival and published sources we analyze contribution of the Central Black Earth eparchies charity organizations to improvement of material security of the clergy in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. We come to a conclusion that eparchial charity organizations did not have sufficient material resources to help poor clerics, widows and orphans. However, the clergy, because of their poverty, were happy to receive even the smallest donations.

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Soni. "Learning to Labour: “Native” Orphans in Colonial India, 1840s–1920s." International Review of Social History 65, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000592.

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AbstractTo this day, the history of indigenous orphans in colonial India remains surprisingly understudied. Unlike the orphans of Britain or European and Eurasian orphans in the colony, who have been widely documented, Indian orphans are largely absent in the existing historiography. This article argues that a study of “native” orphans in India helps us transcend the binary of state power and poor children that has hitherto structured the limited extant research on child “rescue” in colonial India. The essay further argues that by shifting the gaze away from the state, we can vividly see how non-state actors juxtaposed labour and education. I assert that the deployment of child labour by these actors, in their endeavour to educate and make orphans self-sufficient, did not always follow the profitable trajectory of the state-led formal labour regime (seen in the Indian indenture system or early nineteenth-century prison labour). It was often couched in terms of charity and philanthropy and exhibited a convergence of moral and economic concerns.

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Lorentzon, Maria. "Management of nursing in 19th-century London." British Homeopathic Journal 84, no. 01 (January 1995): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80738-0.

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AbstractExamination of manuscript sources from the London Homoeopathic Hospital (LHH) 1850–1899 are set in historical context by presentation of data from the House of Lords Select Committee on Metropolitan Hospitals Report (1892)1 and review of selected items from the literature. This material shows the gradual progress in nursing practice, education and management at London hospitals.Analysis of LHH primary historical source documents (Minutes of Board Meetings,2 Minutes of Governors and Subscribers Meetings,3 Minutes of the LHH Staff Committee4 and the Medical Staff Committee5 and Clinical Notes6) show development of management and education systems in nursing. Less stress was placed on clinical practice. Significant support for development of nurse education at LHH was provided by members of the medical staff. The few references made to clinical nursing practice were recorded in the Medical Staff Committee Minutes. The strongest emphasis in all source material was on management of nursing services.Exploration of nursing management in 19th century London, in particular at the London Homoeopathic Hospital, reveals many similarities between conditions then and the present. It also provides evidence of progress in professionalization of nursing, with enhanced autonomy in education and professional practice. In this context, it is worth exploring the mode of managing nursing in 19th century voluntary hospitals and, in particular, at the London Homoeopathic Hospital.

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VIGK, MALCOLM. "Normalisation in 19th Century Australian Schooling." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 18, no. 1 (April 1997): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0159630970180108.

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Lyndina, Yevheniia. "The beginning of the system of assistance to children with visual disabilities: historical and bibliographical aspect." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 2(41) (March 31, 2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.228233.

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The scientific article reveals some of the historical facts of the beginning of helping children with visual impairments. The main chronological events of caring for children with the noted category of disorders are noted, which later became the basis for the development of special education, in particular, typhlopedagogy. The article describes the emergence of hospitals, shelters for orphans, sick and crippled people throughout Rus, which testifies to the attention of society to their lives. The facts of the search for ways of treatment and the development of methods, principles and means of teaching people with impaired psychophysical development are outlined. Based on the study of historical sources, the times of Kyivan Rus are characterized, when in some monasteries and churches premises were allocated for the residence of orphans and crippled children. There is information about the first institution in Ukraine, which was guarded by the problem of blind people, although it did not provide for special education and training for this category of persons. An important point of the article is the definition of the role of the state in the care of visually impaired persons. It is noted that in the 17th and 18th century in Ukraine, social work began to take care of orphans and people with disabilities. From the end of the 17th century, orphans and children of "mutilations" began to be in the care of shelters and hospitals, which was stipulated by a number of state decrees. In the 30s of the 18th century, a new form of guardianship over the disabled was introduced, patronage, which still exists in a modernized form. For a deeper retrospective of the state's assistance to children with visual impairments, it is necessary to investigate the facts of historical sources from the 18th century to the present

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27

Yaroshenko, Iryna. "Artistic choral education in Bukovina in the 19th century." Good Parson: scientific bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk Academy of John Chrysostom. Theology. Philosophy. History, no. 17 (May 30, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52761/2522-1558.2022.17.6.

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The article analyzes certain aspects of cultural and educational processes that took place in Bukovina in the second half of the nineteenth century. Characterizes the content of the dynamics of the development of trends that contributed to the formation of artistic education and the creative heritage of those artists who determined their activities. The facts of the pedagogical, composer, public, and conductor activities of the outstanding artists of Bukovina of the XIX century, which contributed to the integrative development of educational, professional-performing and cultural-educational traditions of the western region, are presented.

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Efland, Arthur D. "Art and Education for Women in 19th Century Boston." Studies in Art Education 26, no. 3 (1985): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1320318.

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Fernández-Cano, Antonio, Inés María Fernández-Guerrero, and Cristina Fernández-Guerrero. "Hispanic women in doctoral medical education in 19th century." Educación Médica 17, no. 4 (October 2016): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2016.03.002.

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Gajda-Łaszewska, Małgorzata. "Securing Homes: Orphan Trains as a Way of Curing Ills of the Late 19th Century America." Kultura Popularna 4, no. 58 (December 30, 2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8076.

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Rapid changes in American society at the late 19th century bred social ills which required solving with the use of all available resources of the era. One of the tools, developed by the Children’s Aid Society of New York, was the “Orphan Trains” program. It focused on the “street Arabs,” poor kids of New York tenements who in large numbers were relocated to Midwestern farms to be Americanized, taught to work and saved from destitution. The scheme is viewed through its central metaphor of “home” which refers not only to the homes found for the orphans but also the homes of the emerging bourgeois class as well as the tenement dwellings. The work attempts to show that saving innocent victims tried in fact to ensure stability of American society at large as it addressed growing economic disproportions, grave shortage of labor on farms and a threat to American participatory democracy caused by influx of unskilled foreigners. Moreover, the scheme of relocation employed community based, self-help solutions which drew on the traditional American values of family, home and hard work and attempted to address new ills with well-established methods of indentured work. Simultaneously, it implemented modern ideas concerning childhood, child care or charity.

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Pintassilgo, Joaquim. "Etiquette School Manuals in Portugal in the 19th Century." Paedagogica Historica 38, no. 1 (January 2002): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923020380113.

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Southcott, Jane E. "Early 19th century music pedagogy – German and English connections." British Journal of Music Education 24, no. 3 (November 2007): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051707007607.

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Calls to improve congregational psalmody in 18th century England strongly influenced early music pedagogy. In the first decades of the 19th century English music educators, concerned with psalmody and music in charitable schools, looked to Germany for models of successful practice. The Musikalisches Schulgesangbuch (1826) by Carl Gotthelf Gläser (1784–1829) influenced the music materials designed by Sarah Anna Glover (1786–1867). These, in turn, directly influenced John Turner (dates unknown), William Hickson (1803–1870) and, indirectly, John Curwen (1816–1880). It is illuminating to explore how influential a small collection of German didactic songs could be during an early and very active phase of the development of English school music curricula.

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Kulbaka, Jacek. "From the history of disabilities (16th-19th century)." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 38 (October 11, 2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2018.38.2.

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The article presents various circumstances (social, legal, philosophical and scientific) connected with the care, upbringing and education of people with disabilities from the early modern era to the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention was to the history of people with disabilities in the Polish lands. The author tried to recall the activity of leading educational activists, pedagogues and scientists – animators of special education in Poland, Europe and the world. The text also contains information related to the activities of educational and upbringing institutions (institutional, organisational, methodological and other aspects).

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Garrett, Alan W. "Community Schools in 19th-Century Texas and School Choice Today." Educational Forum 65, no. 1 (March 31, 2001): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131720008984459.

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Yurganova, I. I. "On Siberian Models of Education Management (19th – Early 20th Century)." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 35 (2021): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.35.121.

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The article is devoted to the research of I. N. Mamkina and A.V. Blinov “Regional models of education management in Imperial Russia: Siberian version”. The monograph presents the results of the authors' work on the problem of organizing the management of the education system in the Eastern suburbs of the Russian Empire in the context of the development of the General Imperial district management model. Stages and adaptations of forms and methods of management in special Siberian conditions are revealed. The evolution of the formation of the Kazan educational circle is shown, the experience of transferring educational institutions under the control of the provincial government, and the features of regional education management in Western and Eastern Siberia are considered.

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Ramos Domingo, José. "Brief chonicle on the education in the Spanish 19th century." Papeles Salmantinos de Educación, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36576/summa.29459.

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Safi'i, Saefudin A. "THE SHIFT IN THE TRADITION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN INDONESIA FROM THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY." IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya 19, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v19i1.4391.

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This paper examines the Indonesian Islamic education tradition from the 19th Century to the early 21st Century. The data in this paper were obtained from written sources as well as several previous studies. The results reveal that the Islamic education tradition begins with religious recitation, which is taught individually (not collectively or in a classical system) in a teacher’s house, langgar, or surau. The relationship pattern between Islamic (pesantren-madrasah) and the regular education system is associated with Indonesia’s Islamic education system development. This pattern occurred in the 19th to the beginning of the 21st Century and is divided into two episodes. During the first two centuries (19th and 20th centuries), the Islamic education system (religious sciences organized by individuals, organizations, or government institutions) was still differentiated (convergence or synthesis) from the ordinary school education system (general sciences). At the beginning of the 21st Century, the relationship between the two education systems has indicated knowledge integration, although it is still minimal. So far, it has been rigidly divided between “religious sciences” on the one hand and “general sciences” on the other, leading to an integrated knowledge discourse. If this pattern is desired, an Islamic boarding school for higher education will be created. In which “general knowledge” is given during the day, and “religious knowledge” (Al-Qur’an and Kitab) is taught in the evening. This tradition has become a model for curriculum synthesis between the religious sciences and the general sciences to form the Islamic higher education institution.

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Roberts, Lissa L. "Instruments of Science and Citizenship: Science Education for Dutch Orphans During the Late Eighteenth Century." Science & Education 21, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-010-9269-4.

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Hekma, Gert. "Wrong Lovers in the 19th Century Netherlands." Journal of Homosexuality 13, no. 2-3 (May 26, 1987): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v13n02_05.

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Ewing, John, A. N. Kolmogorov, A. P. Yushkevich, and Roger Cooke. "Mathematics of the 19th Century: Geometry/Analytic Function Theory." College Mathematics Journal 30, no. 2 (March 1999): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2687730.

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(Vasnev), Theodosius. "Theological schools transformations: Tambov Seminary (the 19th century)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 179 (2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-143-150.

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The peculiarity of the formation and development of education in Russia is that its origin and further transformation took place in religious schools. On the example of the Tambov Seminary we show the transformation in the educational process of the 19th century. Great importance was given to such a document as a charter. In the second half of the 19th century preparations began for the transformation of seminaries in Russia. “Draft Charter of 1862” was published which received widespread discussion. In the Tambov Seminary, the discussion of this project took place in 1863 and occupied a special page in the seminary chronicle. The new charter was recognized as little successful than the previous experience of studying medicine and agriculture in seminaries. The charter defined improvement in the field of theology. The innovation was the creation of a hostel for schoolchildren, the introduction of the seminary pastor post, regular gymnastic exercises and walks in the fresh air. Literary gatherings under the guidance of a mentor were allowed. The training part also underwent changes. It was determined that the preparation of general education was 8 years and on its basis another 4 years were for studying the theological sciences. Such an educational system excluded repetition in the study of the same subjects. All these questions were the subject of open discussion in the Tambov Seminary.

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Vagabova, Tamilla. "Formation of the Theory of Education and Development of Scientific Knowledge in Azerbaijan in the Second Half of the 19th Century and Beginning of the 20th Century." Man and Education, no. 3 (72) (2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.54884/s181570410023270-2.

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The article discusses the process of formation of the theory of education and development of scientific knowledge in Azerbaijan in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The contribution of the Azerbaijani intelligentsia, educators to the development of the new content of the theory of education, the formation of new theoretical ideas is analyzed. The role of Azerbaijani scientists-enlighteners is considered, as well as the influence of Azerbaijani culture on the formation of new democratic trends in the theory of upbringing and education. Various ideological directions are presented that influenced the development of the theory of education and the development of scientific knowledge in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. One of the significant issues of the era of the national revival of Azerbaijan is raised - the issue of women's education. It is concluded that the upbringing of national self-consciousness and patriotism was one of the main tasks solved by the bearers of new ideas in the field of education and upbringing in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

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Reiff, Daniel D. "Viollet-le-Duc and American 19th Century Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 42, no. 1 (1988): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1424998.

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Vaisvalavičiene, Kristina. "CROSSING THE BORDERS OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN CHILDREN PERIODICALS (1866–1940)." Via Latgalica, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2014.6.1665.

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The period between the end of 19th century – the first half of the 20th century had been very important for Lithuanians and Latvians as a time, when the rights of the national language and culture had been strengthened and fortified. The rich sociocultural context, which appears in the children’s periodicals of that time, allows to evaluate the efforts of the nation in order to define and keep the borders of traditional culture. The investigation of children’s periodicals also helps to reconstruct the field of national literature of that time. The aim of the paper is to investigate, what changes of the traditional culture appear in the Lithuanian and Latvian children’s periodicals, published before 1940. Some aspects of the nation’s location in the time and space are being stressed, such as: marking of the nation’s culture and territory borders, institutionalization of the national calendar and construction of the historical memory. The investigation is based on the comparative analysis of the main Lithuanian and Latvian children’s periodicals, which were published before 1940: Lithuanian – “Šaltinėlis” (‘a little spring’, 1906–1914; 1928–1940), “Žiburėlis” (‘a little torch’, 1920–1944), “Žvaigždutė” (‘a little star’, 1923–1940), “Kregždutė” (‘a little swallow’, 1934–1940), “Vyturys” (‘a lark’ 1931, 1935–1940); Latvian – “Bērnu Pastnieks” (‘children’s postman’, 1866–1869), “Jaunības Draugs” (‘the friend of the youth’, 1901–1904), “Jaunības Tekas” (‘the paths of the youth’, 1910–1915; 1920–1930), “Bitīte” (‘a little bee’, 1912–1916), “Latvijas Jaunatne” (‘the youth of Latvia’, 1924–1940), “Cīrulītis” (‘a little lark’, 1923–1940), “Jaunais Cīrulītis” (‘the new little lark’, 1926–1934). Due to the confessional and some historical similarities between Lithuanians and Latgalians, there are also two Catholic Latgalian magazines –“Sauleite” (‘the little sun’, 1926–1940) and “Katōļu Dzeive” (‘the life of Catholics’, 1926–1940) – analyzed, despite the fact, that they were aimed at both children and youth. The theoretical background of the research is based on the works of sociologists and anthropologists of culture (Benedict Anderson, Anthony D. Smith, Orvar Löfgren), as well as on some theories of media (Denis McQuail, Herbert Marshall McLuhan). The binary opposition of the the self and the other (Löfgren 1991: 105, Smith 1994: 20–22) is being used as a border marker of the traditional culture in the texts of children’s periodicals. The borders of traditional culture in the children’s periodicals change depending on the fact, who and when is talking in the name of the nation – priests, teachers, supporters of the different ideological or confessional camps. As a result of the individually made or institutionary censored editorial selection of textual material, the national culture is being institutionalized and subordinated for the realization of different purposes. The language of the ethnic group is the first thing the national press institutionalizes, and that helps the community to imagine itself (Anderson 1999). The symbolic value of the language is absent in such Latvian children’s magazines as “Bērnu Pastnieks” and “Bitīte”, which were edited by the priests of German origin and were published only for the purpose of religious education. The language, as well as nation’s territorial location, had mostly been emphasized in the Lithuanian children’s periodicals. The declarative tendency of self-defining (names of periodicals, maps, lists of the readers’, collective photos of the children, explanations about nationality and the state) indicates the existing mechanism of the nation’s territory and culture defense. The defensive politics in Lithuania was established as a result of the traumatic experience of the long-lasting repressive actions (Lithuanian press ban (1864–1904), the occupation of Vilnius district by Polish nationalists (1919–1939) etc.). The Latvian language as the national symbol was presented in the Latvian children’s magazines “Jaunības Draugs”, “Jaunības Tekas” and “Cīrulītis”, but its symbolic capital was being increased by the actualization of traditional culture (folklore), native literature and national historic memory (the biographies of distinguished Latvians, nation’s relations with antiquity, nobles or saints). The periodicity and cyclic recurrence of the periodicals had institutionalized the time and the rhythm of the readers’ life. In the context of nation’s efforts of self- determination in time and space, the changes of the traditional culture borders are best seen in the traditions of commemoration of the dead. The interpretations of the commemoration of the dead depend on, what is being emphasized – the end of the individual person’s life or the death in the context of nations history. The discourse of death and the commemoration of the dead have been actualized mostly in the issues of children’s periodicals, published during the period between October and December. This period according to folkloristic Baltic tradition was called as a period of souls and was celebrated with the rituals of soul-feeding and gratitude to the souls of forefathers. The Christian liturgical day of the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (in Catholic tradition) or the Day of all Souls (in the Protestant tradition) were not directly included in the calendar of children’s periodicals until 1918. But there were a lot of published texts, actualizing the theme of orphans as well as a lot of traditional genres, which were characteristic to that period of the year, e. g., tales about orphans and beggars, mythological stories about roaming souls etc. In the independent Latvia the traditional mood of the period in Latvian children’s periodicals was covered by the celebration of proclamation of the state (November 18) and the commemoration of the perished in the battles for independence. In Lithuanian and Latgalian periodicals of that time (“Šaltinėlis”, “Žvaigždutė”, “Kregždutė”, “Sauleite”) the Catholic liturgical celebration of Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed was institutionalized (the very name of it appeared in the titles of publications, children were asked to pray for the souls of the dead relatives, etc.), which helped to keep the traditional themes and genres. The necessity to construct historical memory of the children and to educate them in patriotic mood widened the meaning of the commemoration day (children were asked to pray for national heroes and to look after graves of buried soldiers). The tendency to organize official ceremonial commemoration of the dead had influenced traditions in the private field – in the middle of the 30s the children are encouraged not only to pray for the souls of their dead relatives, but also to look after their graves and to take part in the mass celebrations – all that indicated the nations efforts to inscribe history of individuals in the history of the nation. The representation and explanation of the national traditions and rituals in the children’s periodicals not only constructed the national identity of the young readers, but also strengthened their place in the national community and supplemented the understanding of the nation’s whole, its history and future. Children in the periodicals of the time were shown as ones, who inherit and pass on the traditions to the future generations.

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Balashova, K. A. "N. KH. VESSEL ON PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE LATE 1860S ON THE PAGES OF THE “JOURNAL OF THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION”." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-1-140-145.

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The article presents the views of N. Kh. Vessel on primary public education in the middle of the 19th century. These views were reflected in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”. What is new is a detailed analysis of his views on the education of the people, based on his reports on business trips published in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”. The relevance of the study is due to the need to fill the historiographic gap in the study of the activities of N. Kh. Vessel as a person who shaped public education. Also, the example of N. Kh. Wessel shows the role of a personality in such an important for the Russian Empire of the 19th century sphere as public education.

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Oelkers, Jürgen. "Democracy and General Education: Swiss Scholl Reforms in the 19th Century." e-Pedagogium 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/epd.2012.037.

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Yakovlev, V. I. "Reforms of Russian education and the Academy in the 19th century." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 3 (46) (2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2019-3-98-101.

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CHOI, GOEUN, BYEONG-HEE MIHN, and YONG SAM LEE. "EDUCATION AND SELECTION OF ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC OFFICIALS IN THE 19th CENTURY." Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/pkas.2015.30.3.789.

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Tampakis, Kostas. "The unrecognized mechanism: History of science education in the 19th century." Almagest 2, no. 2 (January 2011): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.alma.4.1005.

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YOUNGSON, A. J. "Medical education in the later 19th century: the science take-over." Medical Education 23, no. 6 (November 1989): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb01573.x.

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