To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Origins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Origins'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Origins.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Minchin, Carol E. "Material Origins." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5164.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this thesis project was to use sculpture as a means of investigation for exploring the structural uses of Masonite, and to understand how those uses affect the nature of my work. The transformation of this material into form becomes the a process that is adjusted and refined until a formal solution is found. The tension, texture, scale, and form of the work contribute to a dialogue that results in sculptures that reference the human body and the growth of plants.
2
Ben-Barak, Idan. "States of origin: influences on research into the origins of life." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12227.
Full textAbstract:
The twentieth century has seen a continuous process of redefinition of scientific understanding of the process by which life appeared on planet earth, and the emergence of a trans-disciplinary scientific field concerned with the question of the origin of life. The thesis explores the scientific, historical and conceptual issues relevant to this research field, and provides a novel analysis of the interrelated development of theories and experiments within it. The thesis will argue for a discovery-driven and technology-driven view of research into the origins of life, rather than a primarily hypothesis-driven endeavour. The thesis will also explore the influence exerted on research into the origin of life by its prime financial backer - the United States government’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Lastly, the theory will present research into the origin of life as an indicator of more general trends in the natural and life sciences.
3
Hammarström, Olle. "Origins of Integration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Algebra och geometri, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307379.
Full text
4
Miller, Courtney. "Origins of Color." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35715.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to use color as the primary design element for a place of commerce along the Big Dig (Boston). Color informed the building form and provided the connection for the building type and the urban site.
The thesis book unfolds in reverse order, with the intent to reveal the final design at the beginning. As the pages unfold, the evolution of the design emerges to complete with the beginning of the thesis.Master of Architecture
5
Shukuroglou, Vicky, and winepony@gmail com. "Origins, procedure and artefact." RMIT University. Art, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100329.154248.
Full textAbstract:
Found and collected natural (organic) and industrial materials are conducive to Vicky Shukuroglou's making of artefacts. They have particular properties of materiality and origin for engagement, interpretation and intervention. Materials are sourced, selected and collected from such diverse environments as urban industries and remote coastal environs. They are chosen for their working properties, personal associations, and qualities such as colour, form, texture, weight, structure and material composition. Her observations of and responses to these diverse environments and their local materials become the influence in the process of making. Objects - such as hair and bone - are investigated and reflected upon as they hold certain qualities that appeal and intrigue, and inspire creative responses. Materials are significantly altered from their original form and utilised for the construction of works, or engaged with as 'objects' for inclusion that remain largely as they were found. They are built onto, extended, reconstructed, enclosed or joined with the constructed elements. Visual energy and ambiguity created from common and opposing qualities is considered and utilised in the interpretation of found forms. In the building of these objects or assemblages, they take on a detailed and intimate identity, whose scale expands beyond the hand held object. The process and activity of making is a vehicle for further observation and learning, generating an understanding and insight into the relationships of place, structure, form, movement, space, and personal methodologies.
6
Cherevatiuk, Viktoriya, and Alina Cherevatiuk. "Historical origins of mediation." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48796.
Full textAbstract:
The mediation in its modern form was formed only in the second half of the XX century, but its foundations were born much earlier. The mankind constantly seemed to walk around it, but for a long time did not dare to apply. The first ideas about mediation in the state in which we are accustomed to seeing it were voiced in 1976 in the United States, when a historic conference named after R. Pound entitled "Causes of public dissatisfaction with the administration of the US justice system", which made a real breakthrough in
mediation. It was at the Pound Conference that two documents were published, which became the foundation for the most famous alternative way of resolving disputes.
7
Gulley, Bill Linn 1949. "Developmental origins of deviance." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291451.
Full textAbstract:
Data concerning delinquency, deviance, and development were collected on over 800 adolescents aged 10 to 17. Structural models were constructed to investigate the effects of development (pubertal development and physical development) on delinquency. The view that variables typically used to define delinquency form a unitary latent trait was rejected. Instead two moderately related traits (r =.28) were required: (1) Criminal Behavior as defined by theft, aggression, and vandalism and (2) Autonomy Seeking Behavior as defined by substance use, sexual experimentation, and sensation seeking behaviors. Gender effects were found in levels of criminal behavior whereas autonomy seeking behavior was not so differentiated. Age effected only autonomy seeking behavior while pubertal development effected both traits. Differential gender effects were discovered in the influence of age on autonomy seeking behavior and the effect of pubertal development on both traits. Girls appear to be more strongly influenced by pubertal development for both traits while boys appear to be more susceptible to age effects.
8
Brister, Brian. "Layered Double Hydroxides and the Origins of Life on Earth." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2766/.
Full textAbstract:
A brief introduction to the current state of research in the Origins of Life field is given in Part I of this work. Part II covers original research performed by the author and co-workers. Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) systems are anion-exchanging clays that have the general formula M(II)xM(III)(OH)(2x+2)Y, where M(II) and M(III) are any divalent and trivalent metals, respectively. Y can be nearly any anion, although modern naturally occuring LDH systems incorporate carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), or sulfate (SO42-) anions. Intercalated cobalticyanide anion shows a small yet observable deviation from local Oh symmetry causing small differences between its oriented and non-oriented infrared spectra. Nitroprusside is shown to intercalate into 2:1 Mg:Al LDH with decomposition to form intercalated ferrocyanide and nitrosyl groups of an unidentified nature. The [Ru(CN)6]4- anion is shown to intercalate into layered double hydroxides in the same manner as other hexacyano anions, such as ferrocyanide and cobalticyanide, with its three-fold rotational axis perpendicular to the hydroxide sheets. The square-planar tetracyano-nickelate(II), -palladate(II), and platinate(II) anions were intercalated into both 2:1 and 3:1 Mg:Al layered double hydroxides (LDH). The basal spacings in the 2:1 hosts are approximately 11 Å, indicating that the anions are inclined approximately 75 degrees relative to the hydroxide layers, while in the 3:1 hosts the square-planar anions have enough space to lie more nearly parallel to the LDH cation layers, giving basal spacings of approximately 8 Å. It has been found that the LDH Mg2Al(OH)6Cl catalyzes the self-addition of cyanide, to give in a one-pot reaction at low concentrations an increased yield of diaminomaleonitrile and in addition, at higher ($0.1M) concentrations, a purple-pink material that adheres to the LDH. We are investigating whether this reaction also occurs with hydrotalcite itself, what is the minimum effective concentration of cyanide, and what can be learned about the products and how they compare with those reported at high HCN concentrations in the absence of catalyst.
9
Lee, Daniel Gyejun 1971. "Architecture of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex bound to origins of DNA replication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85345.
Full text
10
Eastham, Peter George. "The origins of human creativity." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485586.
Full textAbstract:
Did human creativity suddenly evolve relatively recently? The overwhelming weight of genetic and physiological evidence supported by the modem Darwinian synthesis demonstrates that humans are great apes, • but is not the essence ofbeing human all in the mind? This thesis combines research from neuropsychology; primatology, palaeontology and archaeology. Creativity is highly correlated with measures of cognitivefluidity that developmentally relate to working memory capacities and the maturation ofneural circuits, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. I consider animal innovation, primate cognition and the evolution of executive functions based on the behaviours ofhominins during the Oldowan, Acheulean, Mousterian, Middle Stone Age and Upper Palaeolithic tool-making epochs. I propose that because large brains with large memories were necessary to produce and decipher long calls with limited grammars, encepahalization or increases in brain sizes primarily resulted ,from socio-sexual selection pressures for protolinguistic communication. Language and tool use co-evolved neural circuits to improve executivefunctions and syntactic speech among Neanderthals and other archaic sapiens. Within a genetically restricted human group, extensive prefrontal myelination facilitated cognitive fluidity. Critically, narratives bootstrapped working memory, creating inner self-directing speech (verbal thought) and resulting in an incessant stream ofconsciousness that transformed human cognition. These narratives could also store information across generations and build upon what had gone before (through the ratchet effect). This made possible the 'human revolution' or 'creative explosion' in religious, cultural and technological knowledge.
11
Guagliumi, Arthur Robert. "Assemblage art: origins and sources /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10910244.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1990.Includes appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Justin Schorr. Dissertation Committee: David S. Nateman. Bibliography: leaves 162-186.
12
Lee, Yongwoo. "The origins of video art." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265205.
Full text
13
Khan, Omar Ahmed. "Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Dysfunction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509491.
Full text
14
Lin, Chieyu. "Developmental Origins of Aggressive Medulloblastoma." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10531.
Full textAbstract:
Medulloblastomas represent a heterogeneous group of cerebellar tumors that constitute the most frequent primary pediatric solid malignancy. Molecular characterization of these tumors have led to the understanding that distinctsubtypes possess characteristic properties such as gene expression profile, histological classification, and degree of dissemination that are predictive of disease progression and prognosis. Fractionation of primary medulloblastomas has led to the appreciation of brain tumor stem cells (BTSC) that may be driving the more aggressive and malignant disease. However, the developmental origins of these cells as well as the influences of early mutations in tumor suppressors on development and tumorigenesisremain unclear. My work is geared towards understanding the impact of mutations in the key tumor suppressor genes Ptc1 and p53 on medulloblastoma formation. I first identified key differences in neural stem cell marker expression that distinguish between Ptc1 and Ptc1;p53 medulloblastomas, demonstrating that the Ptc1;p53 genotype may pre-dispose to a more malignant, stem-like tumor. Through the use of a somatic mosaic model, we describe a synergistic interaction between Ptc1 haploinsufficiency and p53 deficiency leading to developmental seeding of the cerebellar field by pre-malignant cells and term this phenomenon “developmental field cancerization.” Interestingly, we observed this premalignant colonization in the cerebellarstem cell compartment as well, resulting in an aberrant population of self-renewing cells. Upon loss-of-heterozygosity at the Ptc1 locus, the Ptc;p53 animals alone develop robust cerebellar tumorsthat possess a definable stem-like population of cells that can re-initiate metastatic secondary tumors. These findings demonstrate how early mutationsin the tumor suppressor genes, such as Ptc1 and p53, may lead to stem cell field cancerization and play an important role in determining future tumor character and prognosis.
15
Mcloughlin, Niamh. "The developmental origins of dehumanisation." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19366/.
Full textAbstract:
Dehumanisation is a pervasive social phenomenon that has facilitated historical and modern examples of extreme violence, prejudice and discrimination. The perception that a person can be ‘less human’ than another person is typically applied to social outgroup members who are attributed with fewer uniquely human capacities compared to ingroup members. A significant amount of developmental research has examined the origins of intergroup bias among young children, however, investigation into the development of our tendency to dehumanise others has been relatively neglected. This is despite the fact that dehumanisation is closely linked to children’s social cognitive understanding (e.g., mental state inference) and behaviour (e.g., prosociality). The aim of my doctoral studies was to investigate the developmental origins of this phenomenon. The results of the empirical work in Chapters 2 and 3 revealed that 6-year-olds perceive outgroup faces to be physically less human than ingroup faces and that even younger children (5-year-olds) are less likely to reference the mental states of individuals belonging to a different group. The final experimental chapter (Chapter 4) explored the effects of encouraging children to mentalise about the behaviour of a perceived outgroup and showed that this technique is sufficient to increase empathic helping towards an outgroup member in need. The implications of this research for the nature of dehumanisation in development, as well as for children’s understanding of human and non-human agents, are discussed. Ultimately, further inquiry into how dehumanising biases emerge, and are potentially learnt, could contribute to strategies focused on improving intergroup relations.
16
Wurz, Sarah. "The evolutionary origins of music." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2909.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The evolutionary origins of music, defined as “an intentional action in which complex, learned vocalizations (and/or instrumentally produced sound) are combined with the movement of the body in synchrony to a beat” is investigated through an appraisal of the musilanguage theory and relevant literature. The biological adaptations allowing the production and perception of music are identified and their evolutionary histories investigated. The critical adaptations that made rhythmical body movement possible evolved around 1.6 million years ago. These include habitual bipedalism and changes in the vestibular system. There is almost no fossil evidence to inform on the timing and nature of the complex, learned vocalization. However, that the thoracic vertebrate canal had modern proportions by 600 000 years ago indicates that archaic humans were able to achieve the respiratory control necessary to sing. The size of this canal is a proxy for the number of nerve cells that control respiration via the intercostal and abdominal muscles. Musicality is essential to the human mind. Infants are born with rudimentary musical skills with regard to melody, temporal sequences and vocal and bodily imitation. These capabilities are central to the newborns’ innate ability to elicit care by synchronizing their vocal and bodily actions with that of the caregivers. Musical rhythm is further used to entrain bodily and neural oscillations and this permit the creation of trust and social bonding. It is concluded that protomusic developed between 1.6 million and 600 000 years ago. Protomusic consisted of entrained rhythmical whole body movements initially combined with grunt-like vocalizations. The evidence investigated cannot be used to infer the origins of modern music. KEYWORDS: Music, Evolution, Synchronisation, Melody, Dance, Bipedality, Vestibular system, Thoracic vertebrate canal, Infant-directed communication, Neural entrainment
17
O'Boy, Michael William. "The origins of Essex recusancy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271965.
Full text
18
Skipper, Jason E. "The Origins of a Circle." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1077306765.
Full text
19
Ferrer, i. Cancho Ramon. "Language: universals, principles and origins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671775.
Full textAbstract:
Here, old and new linguistic universals, i.e. properties obeyed by all languages on Earth are investigated. Basic principles of language predicting linguistic universals are also investigated. More precisely, two principles of reference, i.e. coding least effort and decoding least effort, a reformulation of G. K. Zipf's speaker and hearer least e
ort principles. Such referential principles predict Zipf's law, a universal of word frequencies, at the maximum tension between coding and decoding needs. Although trivial processes have been proposed for explaining Zipf's law in non-linguistic contexts, Zipf's law meaningfulness for human language is supported here. Minimizing the Euclidean distance between syntactically related words in sentences is a principle predicting projectivity, a universal stating that arcs between syntactically linked words in sentences generally do not cross. Besides, such a physical distance minimization successfully predicts (a) an exponential distribution for the distribution of the distance between syntactically related words and (b) subject-verb-object (SVO) order superiority in the actual use of world languages. Previously unreported non-trivial features of real syntactic dependency networks are presented here, i.e. scale-free degree distributions, small-world phenomenon, disassortative mixing and hierarchical organization. Instead of a universal grammar, a single universality class is proposed for world languages. Syntax and symbolic reference are unified under a single topological property, ie. connectedness in the network of signal-object associations of a communication system. Assuming Zipf's law, not only connectedness follows, but the above properties of real syntactic networks.
Therefore, (a) referential principles are the principles of syntax and symbolic reference, (b) syntax is a byproduct of simple communication principles and (c) the above properties of syntactic dependency networks must be universal if Zipf's law is universal, which is the case. The transition to language is shown to be of the kind of a continuous phase transition in physics. Thereafter, the transition to human language could not have been gradual. The reduced network morphospace resulting from a combination of a network distance minimization principle and link density minimization principle is presented as an alternative hypothesis and a promising prospect for linguistic networks subject to fast communication pressures. The present thesis is unique among theories about the origins of language, in the sense that (a) it explains how words or signals naturally glue in order to form complex messages, (b) it validates its predictions with real data, (c) unifies syntax and symbolic reference and (d) uses ingredients already present in the animal communication systems, in a way no other approximations do. The framework presented is radical shift in the research of linguistic universals and its origins through the physics of critical phenomena.
The principles presented here are not principles of human language, but principles of complex communication. Therefore, such principles suggest new prospects for other information transmission systems in nature.En aquesta tesi s'investiguen vells i nous universals lingüístics, és a dir, propietats que obeeixen totes les llengües de la Terra. També s'estudien principis bàsics del llenguatge que prediuen universals lingüístics. En concret, dos principis referencials, mínim esforç de codificació i mínim esforç de descodificació, una reformulació dels principi de mínim esforç de G. K. Zipf pel qui parla i pel qui escolta. Els esmentats principis referencials prediuen la llei de Zipf, un universal de la freqüència de les paraules en el punt de màxima tensió entre necessitats de codificació i descodificació. Encara que s'han proposat processos trivials per explicar la llei de Zipf en contextos no lingüístics, aquí es recolza la significança d'aquesta llei per al llenguatge humà. Minimitzar la distància euclidea entre paraules sintàcticament relacionades dins frases és un principi que prediu projectivitat, un universal que afirma que els arcs entre paraules sintàcticament relacionades dins una frase no es creuen en general. D'una altra banda, aquesta minimització de la distancia física prediu (a) una distribució exponencial per a la distribució de la distància entre paraules sintàcticament relacionades (b) superioritat de l'ordre SVO en l’ús real de les llengües del món. Aquí es presenten propietats totalment noves de les xarxes de dependències sintàctiques, és a dir, distribucions de grau potencials, fenomen del món petit assortative mixing i organització jeràrquica. Enlloc d'una gramàtica universal, es proposa una única classe d'universalitat per a les llengües del món. Sintaxi i referència simbòlica són unificades sota una única propietat topològica: connectivitat en la xarxa d'associacions senyal-objecte d'un sistema de comunicació. Assumint la llei de Zipf, no sols se segueix connectivitat sinó les propietats de xarxes sintàctiques reals esmentades més amunt. Per tant, (a) els principis referencials són els principis de la sintaxi i la referència simbòlica, (b) la sintaxi és el subproducte de principis simples de la comunicació i (c) les propietats esmentades de les xarxes de dependències sintàctiques han de ser universals si la llei de Zipf és universal, que és el cas. Es mostra que la transició a llenguatge és del tipus de les transicions de fase contínues en física. Per tant, la transició a llenguatge no va poder ser gradual. Es presenta el morfoespai reduït que resulta d'una combinació d'un principi de minimització de la distància i un principi de minimització de la densitat de connexions com una hipòtesi alternativa i una perspectiva prometedora per a xarxes lingüístiques que pateixin pressions per comunicació ràpida. La present tesi és única entre les teories sobre els orígens del llenguatge, en el sentit que (a) explica com les paraules o els senyals es combinen de forma natural per tal de formar missatges complexos, (b) valida les seves prediccions amb dades reals, (c) unifica sintaxi i referència simbòlica i usa ingredients que ja estan presents en els sistemes de comunicació animal, d'una forma que cap altra aproximació fa. El marc presentat és un canvi radical en la recerca dels universals del llenguatge i els seus orígens a través de la física dels fenòmens crítics. Els principis presentats aquí no són els principis del llenguatge humà, sinó els principis de la comunicació complexa. Per tant, els propdits principis suggereixen noves perspectives per a altres sistemes naturals de transmissió d’informació complexa.
20
Clevenger, John Robert. "The origins of Debussy's style /." Ann Arbor : UMI, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38983469g.
Full text
21
Menkens, Anne Elizabeth 1958. "Characterization of T4 tertiary origins." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282091.
Full textAbstract:
The bacteriophage T4 utilizes at least three modes of initiation of replication, termed primary, secondary and tertiary (Mosig, 1983; Kreuzer and Alberts, 1985). Two origins of replication have been isolated that utilize the tertiary mode of initiation. The DNA sequence requirements of the two tertiary origins have been characterized at the nucleotide level. Maximal replication of each origin-containing plasmid required both an intact gpmotA-dependent middle-mode promoter sequence and approximately 50 basepairs of the downstream region. In contrast, gpmotA-dependent transcription from the origin promoter was found to be independent of the downstream region. The requirement for a promoter element within the tertiary origins is striking, particularly since the replication of tertiary origin-containing plasmids is resistant to the RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin.
22
Kahli, Malik. "Implication des protéines HMGA et HMGA2 dans les changements du programme de réplication au cours de la sénescence cellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20059/document.
Full textAbstract:
La sénescence, considérée comme étant un arrêt irréversible du cycle cellulaire, se caractérise par des changements drastiques de l'expression génique et de l'organisation de la structure de la chromatine. En effet, il se forme des foyers denses d'hétérochromatine au sein du noyau (SAHF) et ces modifications s'accompagnent d'un déclin progressif de la capacité à dupliquer le génome. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai voulu savoir si ces modifications de la chromatine induite par les SAHF pouvaient influer sur le programme de réplication et changer la distribution des origines de réplication sur le génome au cours du processus d'entrée en sénescence réplicative des cellules. Nous avons donc, dans un premier temps, comparé par peignage moléculaire de l'ADN réplicatif la distribution des origines de réplication de cellules primaires prolifératives et sénescentes. Nous avons également cartographié l'ensemble de leurs origines de réplication sur la totalité du génome en purifiant les brins naissants aux origines de réplication que nous avons couplé à une analyse de séquençage à haut débit.Les protéines HMGA1 et HMGA2 étant des éléments précurseurs essentiels à la mise en place des SAHF, nous avons créé des lignées cellulaires qui, en sur-exprimant de façon inductibles ces protéines, induit une sénescence prématurée. Nous avons réalisé le même type d'analyses sur ces cellules afin de mettre en évidence le rôle de ces protéines dans les modifications du programme de réplication que nous avons observé au cours de l'entrée en sénescence de ces différents types cellulairesSenescence, considered as an irreversible cell cycle arrest, is characterized by dramatic changes in genes expression and chromatin organisation forming dense heterochromatic foci (SAHF). These changes are concomitant to a progressive decline of the capactity to replicate the genome. My PhD topic was to investigate whether the chromatin changes induced by SAHF formation could influence the replication program and modify the origin distribution along the genome at replicative senescence. We first compared the origin distribution of proliferative and pre-senescent primary fibroblasts by DNA molecular combing. Then, we mapped the origins positions in whole human genome by using the nascent strand purification assay coupled to deep sequencing.As HMGA1 and HMGA2 proteins are essential to induce SAHF formation, we designed inducible cell lines wich overexpress these proteins, triggering premature senescence. We made the same type of experiments in these cell lines in order to investigate the implication of these proteins on the changes of the replication program we observed during senescence
23
Fisher, Linda. "The aesthetic origins of Hegel's dialectic." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4937.
Full text
24
Bernhardt, Jan. "Urban Sprawl : origins and environmental consequences." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5947.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present work is to provide a brief survey of the process of urban sprawl. What are its origins, how did it develop and why? Moreover, focus will be on envi-ronmental concerns in the framework of urban sprawl. The thesis concentrates on develop-ments in Europe and North America, where cities can look back on a long history of sprawl, and where processes have become very sophisticated. Based on a detailed description of the origins and history of urban sprawl in Europe and the United States, potentially sprawl-induced effects on the environment will be presented and discussed. In a further step, urban sprawl in two case studies (Stuttgart and Leipzig) will be highlighted and discussed with special focus on environ-mental effects. The purpose in doing so is basically to provide a basis and a starting point for further discussions concerning potential and actual effects of sprawl on environment con-cerns.
25
Madden, David P. Potts Louis W. "The origins of the Eleventh Amendment." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--School. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A thesis in history." Typescript. Advisor: Louis Potts. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 17, 2007 Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-88). Online version of the print edition.
26
Carroll, Royce Alexander. "The electoral origins of governing coalitions." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259911.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 21, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-183).
27
Hudson, Robert Frazer. "British origins of South African segregation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429129.
Full text
28
Sparks, Colin Stuart. "The social origins of Shavian drama." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395589.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned to show how the plays of George Bernard Shaw were the product of the historical circumstances in which they were written. Recent Marxist writing on the problem of determination is critically reviewed and an alternative solution, drawing on Lukacs and Goldmann, is proposed. It is argued that the 'world vision' articulated in a particular work can only be understood as a 'projection' based upon the historical circumstances of its production. The Fabian Society is located within the class structure of Britain and the nature of their political ideas examined. They are shown to be a group of intellectuals who aspired to a 'state capitalist' society but who found it difficult to identify an agency to achieve this. Shaw's early writings are shown to have the elements of the 'analytic' aspects of the Fabianism but only when he developed into a central thinker of this current could he complete his world vision with an 'executive' element. This allowed him to shift to playwriting. His plays are shown to be concerned with the same problem of agency as are the political writings. The ways in which this was handled was a product of the changing historical circumstances.
29
Hill, Jonathan. "Sulfur and the origins of life." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biochemistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6851.
Full textAbstract:
Both organic and inorganic sulfur play an important role in fundamental contemporary biochemistry, suggesting that life's common ancestor used sulfur in its metabolism. In support of this idea is the widely held belief that present-day sulfurmetabolising thermophilic bacteria are the most primitive organisms within the biosphere. This thesis postulates that sulfur may have been important in the origins of life, and reports investigates several interesting and potentially prebiotic reactions involving sulfur.
Three different types of chemistry were investigated. The formation of pyrophosphate from phosphate with thioesters over metal phosphate precipitates has been reported; this can be considered a biomimic of the important succinyl-CoA synthetase-catalysed reaction in the citric acid cycle of present-day organisms. The ability of ferrous sulfide and/or ferrous phosphate precipitates to catalyse pyrophosphate production with thioesters or metal ion-bound thioacids as condensing agents was investigated. No pyrophosphate production was detected, but interesting results regarding the effect of ferrous ions in solution and ferrous sulfide precipitates and ferrous phosphate precipitates on the rate of hydrolysis of thioacetic acid are reported.
Ferrous ion- and sulfide ion-mediated redox chemistry of thioesters and metal-ion bound thioacids was investigated. The motivation for these experiments came from the involvement of thioesters in contemporary biochemical redox reactions. No ferrous ion- or sulfide ion-dependent redox chemistry was demonstrated.
Finally amide bond formation between amines and metal ion-bound thioacids was investigated. It was discovered that nickel sulfide precipitates are efficient catalysts in this process. Nickel sulfide would have been present in the oceans of primordial earth, and may therefore have been an important prebiotic catalyst in the origin of amide bonds in metabolism.
30
Coe, Andrew. "Economic Origins of War and Peace." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10633.
Full textAbstract:
Why do wars happen, and what do societies fight over? Why are international relations sometimes fearful and aggressive and other times harmonious? I show that these questions can be fruitfully explored by importing some basic economic theory into the existing bargaining theory of war. A separate essay analyzes the interactions between the United States and countries that may be pursuing nuclear weapons. "Costly Peace: A New Rationalist Explanation for War" posits a new explanation for war: sometimes peace is more costly (in the sense of leaving both sides worse off in expectation) than war. This means that some wars improve overall welfare relative to peace. I develop models for three common sources of costly peace tailored to particular wars and analyze them to expose the common underlying logic for war. The costs of: arming explain the Iraq War; imposition explain the civil conflicts within Iraq after the earlier Gulf War; and predation explain the American War of Independence. "The Modern Economic Peace" develops a theory of the origins of international disputes, in which the economic conflict of interests between two states is determined by the benefits and costs of transferring wealth from one state's economy to the other's. Whether such a transfer happens depends on the military situation between the two states and also the characteristics of their economies and governments. Nations with sensitive, integrated ("modern") economies of comparable size and representative governments have little to fight over. This might explain not only the puzzling comity of the West, but also long-run global patterns in organized violence, economic liberalization, and democratization. "A Model of Arms Proliferation and Prevention" is co-authored with Muhammet Bas. We develop a formal model of bargaining between two states, where one can invest in developing nuclear weapons and the other imperfectly observes its efforts and progress over time, and use it to analyze the occurrence of proliferation and war, the viability of non-proliferation agreements, and the role of intelligence-gathering and estimates. The model explains some of the complex phenomena that occur in these interactions, such as mistaken wars, cyclical crises, and the failure of non-proliferation deals.Government
31
Hawkins, Michelle. "DNA replication origins in Haloferax volcanii." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10853/.
Full textAbstract:
DNA replication is fundamental to the proliferation of life. Sites of DNA replication initiation are called replication origins. Bacteria replicate from a single origin whereas eukaryotes utilise multiple origins for each chromosome. The archaeal domain includes species which replicate using multiple origins of replication in addition to those which use a single origin. Archaeal DNA replication proteins are similar to eukaryotic replication machinery. Most characterised archaeal origins are adjacent to an orc gene which encodes a homologue of the Orc1 subunit of the eukaryotic initiator protein complex. Replication origins of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii were identified using a combination of genetic, biochemical and bioinformatic approaches. H. volcanii has a multireplicon genome consisting of a circular main chromosome and three mini-chromosomes: pHV1, pHV3 and pHV4. The major chromosome contains multiple origins of replication and is the first example of multiple origins on a single replicon in the Euryarchaeota. Each characterised origin is adjacent to an orc gene and contains repeated sequence motifs surrounding an A/T-rich duplex unwinding element. The archaeal recombinase, RadA, is homologous to eukaryotic and bacterial Rad51/RecA. It is widely held that deletion of radA results in elimination of homologous recombination. In this study the discovery of a radA-independent recombination pathway specific to replication origins is described. This dynamic mechanism was identified by observing chromosomal integration of plasmids containing H. volcanii replication origins in a radA deletion strain. The eukaryotic RAD25 gene is involved in nucleotide excision repair and transcription. H. volcanii has four RAD25 homologues, one on pHV4 and three near the oriC-2 locus on the main chromosome. A role for the assistance of oriC-2 firing is proposed based on autonomously replicating plasmid assays. Deletion of all four RAD25 homologues did not increase DNA damage sensitivity but resulted in a minor growth defect.
32
Hsu, M. F. "The origins of Chinese traditional architecture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372973.
Full text
33
Bailes, Elizabeth. "Origins and evolution of primate lentiviruses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246384.
Full text
34
Wain, Louise V. "Origins of diversity of RNA viruses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440123.
Full text
35
GOULART, TOMAS FONSECA. "SLAVERY AND THE ORIGINS OF INEQUALITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10760@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA escravidão foi uma das principais instituições utilizadas pelos países europeus para consolidar a colonização da América. O presente trabalho verifica se há associação entre a intensidade em escravidão e a desigualdade. Para tanto, utilizamos uma base de dados que compila informações sobre o desembarque de escravos e fazemos uma regressão desta com medidas de desigualdade contemporâneas. O resultado é robusto a diferentes especificações e mostra que uma das principais variáveis que explica a desigualdade atual é a ocorrência de escravidão no passado.
Slavery was one of the main institutions used by Europeans in the process of colonization of the Americas. This work tries to verify the correlation between slavery and inequality. For this purpose, we use a database that compiles information about slaves´ arrivals and make a regression of this with contemporaneous inequality measures. The result is robust to different specifications and shows that one of the main variables that can explain inequality today is slavery in the past.
36
Dufaux, Francois. "The origins of Montreal's housing tradition." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444638/.
Full textAbstract:
For almost 200 years, rental tenure and an original type of small tenement-like buildings have dominated housing in Montreal. This pattern is poorly explained by the existing literature, and has attracted severe criticism for not reflecting the North American preference for home-ownership and single-family houses. From an initial effort to describe the evolution of this residential building type through morphological analysis, this thesis has shifted to a more comprehensive exploration of the city's economic and cultural frameworks, as well as the architectural sources of the housing tradition, through the analysis of building plans. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between architecture and society. It presents a hypothesis about Montreal's real estate strategy, as a reflection of the conditions that shape housing production and the expectations of architectural design. Morphological analysis reveals how changes to the French and British colonial and cultural context directly affected the composition and configuration of buildings and dwellings. The extent of hybridisation, as displayed in the composition or imbedded in the configuration, suggests a complex exchange of patterns between two cultural traditions. Montreal's dwellings reflect a unique constellation of cultural references, class aspirations and spatial strategies. Their flexibility and adaptability have permitted them to balance formal concerns of stylistic correctness with an incremental design process, open to innovation and governed by an additive and often opportunistic design procedure. The thesis makes a case for design as encompassing three fields of decision: architectural Order, spatial Structure and construction System. It disputes the typical interpretation of the architect and the architect's designs as agents of novelty, advocating instead a more conciliatory and practical role that brings together figurative patterns, spatial tactics and available means.
37
Bronitsky, Jonathan Bernard. "The Anglo-American origins of neoconservatism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708897.
Full text
38
Smith, William Walter 1946. "HESYCHASM AND THE ORIGINS OF RAYONISM." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275250.
Full text
39
Debove, Stéphane. "The evolutionary origins of human fairness." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T040/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'Homme attache de l'importance à l'équité et est prêt à aller jusqu'à subir des pertes financières pour la défense de l'équité. Cet attachement coûteux à l'équité constitue un paradoxe pour les théories de l'évolution. Récemment, certains auteurs ont proposé de voir le sens de l'équité comme une adaptation psychologique évoluée pour résoudre le problème du partage des coûts et bénéfices de la coopération. Quand il est possible de choisir avec qui coopérer, partager les coûts et bénéfices d'une manière impartiale aide à être choisi comme partenaire social et procure des bénéfices directs en terme de valeur sélective. Dans cette théorie, le choix du partenaire est donc le mécanisme central permettant l'évolution du sens de l'équité. Ici, nous proposons une étude interdisciplinaire de l'équité pour mettre cette théorie à l'épreuve. Après une revue des théories en compétition pour expliquer l'équité (Article 1, en cours de revue), nous développons des modèles de théorie des jeux et des simulations individu-centrées pour savoir si le choix du partenaire permet d'expliquer deux éléments-clés de l'équité: le refus de profiter de sa force pour exploiter les plus faibles (Article 2, Evolution), et l'attrait des distributions dans lesquelles la rétribution est proportionnelle à la contribution (Article 3, en cours de revue). Nous montrons que le choix du partenaire permet d'expliquer ces deux caractéristiques. Nous produisons également des simulations plus réalistes et prenant mieux en compte les mécanismes d'évolution en essayant de faire évoluer des robots qui se comportent de manière équitable. Nous testons ensuite la théorie de façon empirique, et montrons que le choix du partenaire crée des distributions équitables dans une expérience comportementale (Article 4, Proceedings of the Royal Society B). Nous développons un jeu vidéo collaboratif pour estimer l'importance de la variabilité interculturelle de l'équité dans des situations de justice distributive, et présentons des résultats obtenus sur un échantillon de sujets occidentaux (Article 5, en préparation). Nous passons en revue les expériences cherchant de l'équité chez les animaux non-humains, et discutons pourquoi un sens de l'équité aurait eu plus de chances de se développer chez l'Homme que dans une autre espèce, alors que le choix du partenaire est loin d'être un mécanisme évolutionnaire restreint à l'Homme. Enfin, nous discutons trois malentendus classiques sur la théorie du choix du partenaire et identifions des directions de recherche intéressantes pour le futurHumans care about fairness and are ready to suffer financial losses for the sake of it. The existence of such costly preferences for fairness constitutes an evolutionary puzzle. Recently, some authors have argued that human fairness can be understood as a psychological adaptation evolved to solve the problem of sharing the costs and benefits of cooperation. When people can choose with whom they want to cooperate, sharing the costs and benefits in an impartial way helps to be chosen as a partner and brings direct fitness benefits. In this theory, partner choice is thus the central mechanism allowing the evolution of fairness. Here, we offer an interdisciplinary study of fairness to put this theory to the test. After a review of competing theories (Paper 1, in review), we build game-theoretical models and agent-based simulations to investigate whether partner choice can explain two key aspects of human fairness: the wrongness to take advantage of one's strength to exploit weaker people (Paper 2, Evolution), and the appeal of distributions where the reward is proportional to the contribution (Paper 3, in review). We show that partner choice succeeds at explaining these two characteristics. We also go towards more realistic and mechanism-oriented simulations by trying to evolve fair robots controlled by simple neural networks. We then test the theory empirically, and show that partner choice creates fairness in a behavioral experiment (Paper 4, Proceedings of the Royal Society B). We develop a collaborative video game to assess the cross-cultural variation of fairness in distributive situations, and present results coming from a Western sample (Paper 5, in preparation). We review the experiments looking for fairness in non-human animals, and discuss why fairness would have been more prone to evolve in humans than in any other species, despite partner choice being an evolutionary mechanism far from restricted to the human species. Finally, we discuss three common misunderstandings about the partner choice theory and identify interesting directions for future research
40
Hubbell, Gerald R. "Toward the Origins of Peyote Beadwork." Thesis, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10816114.
Full textAbstract:
Peyote beadwork is a nuanced and elegant art form. Hundreds of thousands of people today use peyote beadwork, including the Native American Church, powwow people, gourd dancers and Native Americans wanting a marker of Native Identity. Mainstream society has relegated this art form to the status of craft. It is virtually unstudied in the academic world. This paper accepts that objects so decorated are art, that is, expressions that are a means of communication among humans, and both a sacred art as well as a means of establishing cultural identity. The lack of academic study has led to hypotheses about its origin that obscure rather than reveal how it began. This paper aims to describe when and by whom the beadwork began, as well as how it was first disseminated.
41
Pliam, Steven L. "Cosmographic Origins for a New Classicism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35809.
Full textAbstract:
The spirit of the Latin 'classicus' as a broad ideology has in one sense existed through every age of modern human history. It could begin to be described as an attitude that is resistant to sudden change and is not interested in dramatic breaks with tradition or the avant garde. It embraces the methodical evolution of aesthetic and artistic values that are connected at their origin to a cosmography which is conceived within every given age. This large-scale conception of existence which encompasses all of what is known in the cosmos is a primary manifestation of every culture.
Several systems of ideas are given by 20th century theoretical physics. They are the foundation of our science and provide an explicit basis for all branches of scientific endeavor. Taken as a whole, they constitute the current understanding of our universe--our world. What emerges from the ideas given by relativity theory, quantum physics, string theory, and the mathematics of astro-physics is a profound and far reaching cosmography resembling nothing like that of the Renaissance or of classical Greece. Non-Euclidean geometry and the math of higher dimensional space begin to break free of their abstract character as these symbolic disciplines now inform and reconcile the reality of cosmic space.
It is therefore appropriate to understand the cosmography of today in relation to the new science paradigm. As cosmic space and conceptual space have always been intimately connected in architecture of the classical spirit, this new cosmography then becomes a viable basis for reestablishing a classical expression.Master of Architecture
42
Morris, Jennifer M. "The Origins of UNICEF, 1946-1953." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1092927320.
Full text
43
Burch, Peter James Winter. "The origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-origins-of-anglosaxon-kingship(49264d94-935e-4661-82da-891c9ab0448b).html.
Full textAbstract:
The origins of kingship have typically been accepted as a natural or inevitable development by scholars. The purpose of this thesis is to question that assumption. This work will re-examine the origins of early Anglo-Saxon kingship through a coherent and systematic survey of the available and pertinent archaeological and historical sources, addressing them by type, by period and as their varying natures require. The thesis begins with the archaeological evidence. ‘Elite’ burials, such as Mound One, Sutton Hoo, will be ranked according to their probability of kingliness. This process will point to elite burial as being a regionally-specific, predominately-seventh-century, phenomenon of an ideologically-aware, sophisticated and established political institution. Consequently, elite burial cannot be seen as an indication of the origins of kingship, but can instead be interpreted as a development or experiment within kingship. Analysis of ‘elite’ settlements, such as Yeavering, and numismatic evidence, will lead to similar conclusions. Further, consideration of various other settlement types – former Roman military sites in Northern Britain, former Roman Towns, and enclosed settlements – will point to various potential origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship in the form of continuities with previous Roman, Romano-British or British power structures. The thesis will go on to consider the historical sources. Those of the fifth and sixth centuries, primarily Gildas’s De excidio et conquestu Britanniae, point to several factors of note. The cessation of formal imperial rule over Britain following c.410 effectively created a power vacuum. Various new sources of political power are observable attempting to fill this vacuum, one of which, ultimately, was kingship. Through analogy with contemporary British kingdoms, it is possible to suggest that this development of kingship in England may be placed in the early sixth, if not the fifth, centuries. This would make the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship significantly earlier than typically thought. This kingship was characterised by the conduct of warfare, its dependence on personal relationships, and particularly by its varying degrees of status and differing manifestations of power covered by the term king. Further details will be added to this image through the narrative and documentary sources of the seventh and early eighth centuries. These predominately shed light on the subsequent development of kingship, particularly its growing association with Christianity. Indeed, the period around c.600 can be highlighted as one of notable change within Anglo-Saxon kingship. However, it is possible to point to the practice of food rents, tolls and the control of resources serving as an economic foundation for kingship, while legal intervention and claimed descent from gods also provide a potential basis of power. Several characteristics of seventh- and early-eighth-century kingship will also be highlighted as being relevant to its origins – the conduct of warfare and the exercise of over-kingship – relating to the general propensity for amalgamation through conquest. Other trajectories are also highlighted, specifically continuity from previous Roman and British entities and the development of ‘pop-up’ kingdoms. The overall result is one in which long-term amalgamation and short-term disintegration and re-constitution were equally in evidence, set against the wider context of broad regional continuities. Overall, therefore, the thesis will not fully resolve the issue of the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingship, but it does offer a means to re-frame discussion, explore the social and economic underpinnings of kingship and assess its primacy as an institution within early Anglo-Saxon England.
44
Wahlin, Chad G. "U.S. democratization strategy origins and obstacles." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FWahlin.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe, Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. ; Abenheim, Donald. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 4, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-97). Also available in print.
45
Leskoff, Mark B. "Russian anti-Americanism origins and implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FLeskoff.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Eurasia and Europe))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Moltz, James Clay. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-114). Also available in print.
46
Chiu, Hilbert. "The intellectual origins of medieval dualism." Connect to full text, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5436.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed October 8, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy to the Centre for Medieval Studies, Faculty of Arts. Appendix: leaves 158-162. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
47
Thorpe, I. J. "The origins of agriculture in Europe /." London ; New York : Routledge, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37497385m.
Full text
48
Arifkhanova, Aziza. "The origins of the Schengen Agreement." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/157089.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2006.Advisor: Dr. Dale Smith, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references.
49
Jundt, Thomas P. "The origins of the environmental movement." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318335.
Full text
50
Murphy, Terence I. "The origins of Australian aid policy." Thesis, Murphy, Terence I. (1990) The origins of Australian aid policy. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1990. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51226/.
Full textAbstract:
In 1950 at a Commonwealth Foreign Minsters conference held in Colombo, Ceylon, Percy Spender, Australia’s representative, called for a program of action to alleviate the poverty and economic stagnation of Asia, which he saw as a threat to future peace in the region. The outcome of this call, the Colombo Plan, was the beginning of Australia’s overseas aid program.
The initial stimulus for a program of economic assistance was fear among the Western democracies that communism would become widely established as an alternative ideology in the former colonies, thereby increasing Russian and later Maoist Chinese power in the international system of states. Although Australia initially feared a resurgence of Japanese power, after 1950 its attention turned to South and Southeast Asia where large rural populations living in relative poverty were seen to provide fertile soil for communist propaganda.
Given the difficulty of mounting a credible continental defence, the newly elected Coalition government of Robert Menzies sought security in a system of alliances which would provide security in the short term through defensive treaties with the U.S. and others, and longer-term security through peaceful economic development in Asia.
Although strategic concerns shifted from South to Southeast Asia in the late 1950s and early 1960s, security remained the primary force in determining the direction and flow of Australian aid, the focus shifting again in the direction of the South Pacific in the 1970s as the small island states achieved independence. In the 1980s, the international and Australian debates over the meaning and function of aid notwithstanding, political pragmatism and a growing trade deficit led to increased use of the aid budget to support trade subsidies.
The evidence supports the thesis that, in spite of a widespread public belief that aid was given to support humanitarian and developmental objectives, Australian aid, throughout its history has been consistently used in support of the foreign policy objectives of strategic and economic security.