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Journal articles on the topic 'Origin of violin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Raymaekers, Wim. "Bridge shapes of the violin and other bowed instruments, 1400–1900: the origin and evolution of their design." Early Music 48, no. 2 (May 2020): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caaa027.

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Abstract As one goes back in time, the number of extant bowed instruments decreases gradually, and this is particularly true for loose parts such as bridges, pegs and tailpieces. The current article traces the development of bridges of instruments of the violin family, based on a study of extant instruments and around 800 iconographic sources. This study reveals the origins of the various elements of bridges found on modern instruments of the violin family, and reconstructs the different stages of their evolution. Many elements of the modern violin bridge were already present, sometimes hidden, in bowed-instrument bridges of the 16th century. The extensive appendices and many line drawings offer today’s researchers, makers and restorers the possibility of providing historically informed bridges that are less fantasized than those hitherto often encountered on restorations or reconstructions of old instruments.

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2

Macedo, Tahysa Mota, Cecília Gonçalves Costa, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, and Claudia Franca Barros. "Wood anatomy of historic French violin bows made of Pernambuco wood." IAWA Journal 41, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10011.

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Abstract Paubrasilia echinata is recognized as the best wood in the manufacture of high-quality bows for string instruments. The wood anatomy of five historic French violin bows of the 19th and 20th century made of Pernambuco wood were investigated in order to reveal the wood anatomic features of these historical bows, to determine which P. echinata morphotype (arruda, café or laranja) was used in their manufacture and to identify the state of origin of the wood. Five bow samples were compared to 33 P. echinata specimens from the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. The wood anatomical features were compared by means of principal component analysis, which revealed the type of axial parenchyma and percentage of tissue to be the most important to sort specimens. The best wood anatomical features previously described for high-quality bows were corroborated here and the bows in general showed similar wood anatomical features. Based on wood anatomy we found that the violin bows were most similar to the samples from the arruda morphotype derived from the States of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte by presenting scanty, unilateral and vasicentric axial parenchyma without confluences forming bands, higher percentage of fibres and lower percentage of axial parenchyma. We can therefore suggest that the historical French violin bows studied here were all made of the arruda morphotype from the Brazilian Northeast region helping explain the preference of the French explorers for this region.

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3

Fedyukov, Vladimir Ilyich, Ekaterina Yurevna Saldaeva, Maria Sergeyevna Chernova, and Vasilii Yuryevich Chernov. "Research into Dendro-Acoustic Properties of Intro-duced Clones’ Wood as Material for Manufacturing Musical Instruments." South-east European forestry 10, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.19-18.

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Background and Purpose: Studies of the physical-mechanical and acoustic properties of maple wood as a potential material for musical instruments manufacturing are extremely scarce. Related to this, dendro-acoustic studies of maples introduced by geographic origin are of great practical importance in order to create target plantations with predicted technical quality of wood. Materials and Methods: Maples from abroad introduced by geographic origin into the Botanical Garden of the Volga State University of Technology of the Republic of Mari El of Russia were used for the research. For comparison, the Norway maple of local origin ( Acer platanoides L.) was selected. The studies were carried out by the frequency-amplitude method for determining Young's dynamic modulus and the acoustic constant of sound emission according to the criterion of academician N. Andreyev. Results: It was revealed that there are differences in the density and dendroacoustic indices of maple wood of local origin and maple trees introduced by geographic origin. Norway maple ( Acer platanoides L.) turned out to possess the largest acoustic constant characterizing the resonant properties of wood. Introduced maple trees, plane-tree maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharinum L.) are only slightly inferior in terms of this indicator. Conclusions: The dendroacoustic properties of maple wood are generally much lower than that of resonant spruce. Consequently, the acoustic role of maple wood in the back plates of the violin and other string instruments is completely different than that of the top plate made from the resonant material of coniferous species. To reveal this difference in more detail, comparative studies and dendroacoustic identification of maple wood in blanks and musical instruments with different levels of acoustic characteristics are necessary.

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4

Kao, Josephine Amber. "The Intrinsic Duality of Movement and Sound: Investigating the Intersections of Dance and Music Through Bach." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2012 (2012): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2012.10.

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To the musician, the polyphony inherent within Bach's music offers multiple interpretations for a persuasive performance. “Which measures are climactic? Which phrases deserve rubato?” These notations of a violin score translate into movements of the bow arm and fingering for the left hand, which then convey intentions and emotions. The score does not merely imply the music to be played, but instead describes how a body moves in order to play the music and, thus, in the case of Bach, express emotion. How might the relation of polyphony and space be conceptualized through the embodiment of music to the dance artist? My research examines the musical score as a text where these intersections exist. As I integrate my training as a classical musician and dancer, I have discovered an intrinsic duality of music and movement that has led me to explore the embodiment of sound. Psychologist and music theorist, Eric Clarke, in his writings on the ecology of listening, further emphasizes this relationship by stating that the significance of music lives within its ability to convey motion and, inversely, that sound gives evidence to motion. I believe the score embraces the greater context of the performance of the music and the dance. To explore this argument, I have chosen J.S. Bach's first violin partita, where the melodic and harmonic relationships within Baroque music are well defined. This paper will demonstrate several ways in which I employ Bach's text as the point of origin and basis to inform my choreography.

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5

Nidecka, Ewa. "Piano concerto no. 1 by Andrzej Nikodemowicz – a hidden desire for freedom." Notes Muzyczny 1, no. 9 (June 20, 2018): 123–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9902.

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Piano concerto no. 1 (1994) by Andrzej Nikodemowicz (1925-2017) is among seven piano concertos written by the composer. Its first version is the Violin concerto created in 1973. Because of the difficult violin part, the composer remade the composition for the piano. The first performance of the Piano concerto no. 1 took place in 1998 in Lviv. While writing the piece, Andrzej Nikodemowicz was persecuted by the Soviet authorities in Lviv for his religious views, that is why the piece expresses his hidden desire for creative freedom. It remains close to expressionist tradition influenced by Scriabin and his idea of “unhindered power of artistic creation” and “apotheosis of the freedom of creative spirit” . The proof for the expressionist origin of Piano concerto no. 1 are the lack of melodic lines, significant dispersion of sound material, loosened rhythmic relationships, lack of tonal centralisation (full atonalism) and a special kind of musical material formation that places the tension layer on extremely different poles: from arhythmic, muffled, slowed, veiled and dreamlike, to a cascade of scattered tones and harmonies preferring sharp, extensive dissonances, passages which are maximally dense in terms of rhythm and divergent, leading to an explosion of drama. The shape of the piano part indicates a clear analogy to an expressionist character – alienated, contradicted and conflicted with the world, experiencing loneliness and suffering. Piano concerto no. 1 by Andrzej Nikodemowicz was also influenced by other 20th century composers, such as B. Bartók and I. Stravinsky (new kind of expression manifested e.g. in impulsive rhythm) and W. Lutosławski (aleatorism).

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6

Bezpalko, Vladyslav, and Ivan Kuzminskyi. "Musical everyday life of Volhynia in the middle of 16th ‒ early 17th cc." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2019): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2019.1.01.

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The presented article is the first study of this kind, where the musical life of Volhynia of the mid 16th - early 17th century is specially considered. In the study, we almost exclusively focused on the secular segment of musical everyday life. On the basis of the analysis of historical acts, fiscal accounting documents and other sources, three thematic sections were formed. The first section is devoted to the study of musicians in Volhynia. In the fiscal accounting documents, initially the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown), various terms are used to refer to musicians and related professions: "dudari", "skomorokhy", "skrypali", "trubachi", "medwednyky" "muzyky", "hudky". From these and other documents we learn about the number of musicians in different small settlements. Among the nicknames that were given to musicians, the "dudnyk" and "skrypka" prevail, sometimes there is a "hudka". Separately, in the act documents other music specialties are mentioned: "Jews Cantors", "organist", "pyshchyk", "trubach", "bubnist". Also, in the documents of such kind, one could find some episodes from the everyday life of the musicians. Musical instruments are discussed in the second section of the article: "kobza", "turkish kobza", "lute", "quintar lute", "violin", "italian violin", "cithara", "duda", "smyk", "truba", "bubon". The last section deals with two separate phenomena of Volhynia musical culture - music in dance and Volochebnyy ceremonies. The lack of study of Volhynia musical culture in previous years encouraged the emergence of various myths, in particular, about the poverty of the musical culture of the Volhynia autochthonous population. According to the myth, the pipe organs of the Catholic temples were brought to these territories by the Polish colonists after the Union of Lublin. However, as it is shown in the article, the first mention of the Lutsk organist dates back to the time before the Union of Lublin and the name of organist indicates his Ruthenian origin. Thus, the obtained results allow us not only to fill the gaps in Ukrainian historical musicology of the mid 16th - early 17th century, but also to hope for the appearing of similar studies of other Ukrainian lands.

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7

Золотарьова, Н. С., and Т. О. Оліферовська. "ВПЛИВ ВИКОНАВСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ НА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЮ ТВОРУ (на прикладі віолончельного концерту А. Дворжака)." Музикознавча думка Дніпропетровщини, no. 15 (November 4, 2019): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/221912.

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The purpose of this article is analysis of possible versions concerning the interpretation of the Antonin Dvorak’s concert for cello with orchestra, h-moll or. 104, their origin and influence on the manner of performance. Moscow and Leningrad schools are taken as an example. Schools of S. Kozolupov and O. Strimer represent vividly different views on means of theory and interpretation. In my opinion, the most colorful and controversial on the matter of interpretation are the following representatives of the music schools: M. Rostropovich as a representative of the S. Kozolupov views and D. Shafran for O. Strimer school. These cellists are interesting not only because of their vivid difference in the vision of theory and interpretations of music works, but also by the fact that they have made a lot of effort to popularize the cello and bring it to the level of solo instrument as high as the violin and piano. The methods of this research consist of historical, empirical, practical, interpretive-comparative approaches, which are based on examination of performance versions through the prism of the pedagogical schools influence on the aspects of the art-technological plan. The scientific novelty consists in the lack of material on the comparison of interpretative versions of the concert for cello A. Dvorak h-moll op. 104 performed by Soviet cellists Mstislav Rostropovich and Daniil Shafran, in terms of the influence of "school" on technical techniques and artistic vision of the work, which is considered as an example, in his genre, of the most striking combinations of deep lyricism, drama and the need for a masterly skills of instrument proficiency. It’s one of a few favorite concerts of the Romantic era among the soloists of cello. Thus, it contains a broad background for an interpretative analysis. Conclusions. Comparison of interpretative versions, as a method of performing analysis contributes to a vivid representation of the artistic content of the work, helps to find its own style combining already used technical and agogic techniques of the performance with new artistic views.

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8

Simpson, Sarah. "Violent Origins of Continents." Scientific American 302, no. 1 (January 2010): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0110-60.

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9

FAGAN, JEFFREY, and SANDRA WEXLER. "FAMILY ORIGINS OF VIOLENT DELINQUENTS*." Criminology 25, no. 3 (August 1987): 643–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00814.x.

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10

Dereń, Przemysław J., Dagmara Stefańska, Maciej Ptak, Mirosław Mączka, Wiktoria Walerczyk, and Grzegorz Banach. "Origin of Violet-Blue Emission in Ti-Doped Gahnite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97, no. 6 (February 23, 2014): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.12858.

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11

Robert, Jacobs. "Born Violent: The Origins of Nuclear Power." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/201905.00a074.

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12

Jacobs, Robert. "Born Violent: The Origins of Nuclear Power." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/202005.00a074.

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13

Dalal, K., F. Rahman, and B. Jansson. "The origin of violent behaviour among child labourers in India." Global Public Health 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690701238114.

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14

Berger, M., E. Bonneville, P. Andre, and C. Rigaud. "L'enfant très violent: origine, devenir, prise en charge." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 55, no. 7 (November 2007): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2006.11.003.

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15

Lawson, David M. "Attachment, interpersonal problems, and family of origin functioning: Differences between partner violent and nonpartner violent men." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 9, no. 2 (April 2008): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.9.2.90.

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16

XU, XIAOYONG, ZHULIN JIN, CHUNXIANG XU, JIYUAN GUO, ZENGLIANG SHI, J. PAN, and JINGGUO HU. "DEFECT-ORIGIN AND STABILITY OF VISIBLE EMISSION IN ZnO NANOPILLARS." Functional Materials Letters 05, no. 03 (September 2012): 1240001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604712400012.

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ZnO nanopillars with the strong violet photoluminescence were fabricated via the vapor-phase transport method. The annealing effect on photoluminescence property was probed to indicate the defect-origins of visible emissions and their thermodynamic stabilities. Moreover, the electron structures of ZnO with zinc interstitial, oxygen vacancy and oxygen interstitial were calculated based on the density functional theory. Three important points were demonstrated: zinc interstitial as an instable donor determines the violet emission and the concentration of free carriers; oxygen vacancy as a steady donor is responsible for the green emission; and oxygen interstitial may induce the yellow-green emission and lead to the red-shift and asymmetry of photoluminescence spectra. These results are beneficial to understand the defect-origins of the visible emissions and their stabilities in ZnO nanostructures, and extending optical and electronic applications.

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17

Fishbein, Diana H. "Differential Susceptibility to Comorbid Drug Abuse and Violence." Journal of Drug Issues 28, no. 4 (October 1998): 859–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269802800403.

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Although many psychoactive substances have been associated with violent behavior, only a subgroup manifests excessively aggressive behavior when sober or intoxicated. Theories to explain addictive behaviors in general may directly relate to the specific proclivity to exhibit excessive aggression in this subset of users. Certain personality traits and cognitive deficits coexist in individuals prone to both drug abuse and violence, suggesting a common origin. Because these excessive and compulsive behaviors have been linked with aberrations in the metabolism and activity of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, their origins may be partly genetic or biological. Alterations in neurotransmitter function influence activities within the brain's reward center to perturb nervous system arousal levels, thereby increasing stimulation-seeking behaviors. Manifestations of these neurobiological aberrations can be measured in physiological and biochemical processes that serve to mediate these behavioral and psychological outcomes.

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18

Chyba, Christopher F. "The violent environment of the origin of life: Progress and uncertainties." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, no. 14 (July 1993): 3351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90543-6.

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19

Shimizu, Mikio. "Violent Primitive Earth Might have Harmonized with the Origin of Life." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100014949.

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AbstractAt the end of the planetesimal infall on the surface of the primitive earth, hot dry beaches might have been useful for the formation of various activated monomers and oligomers (peptides and small RNAs). We discuss the possibility that a small system composed of small RNAs (∼ 10 mers) and dipeptides might have mimicked the contemporary biosystem, based on experimental results suggesting the presence of previously overlooked weak but specific interactions between three bases and one amino acid (of genetic code type) and also those between a dipeptide and a biosubstrate (of ligase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, isomerase and dehydrogenase type). The Kms obtained for these dipeptide enzymes were of the order of 1M, in accord with the association constant for the binding of guanosine to cytocine in water. In this oligomer world, the genotype and phenotype evolution was closely coupled, resulting in a very rapid rate of evolution.

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20

Jopek, Tadeusz J. "The orbital clusters among the near-Earth asteroids." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 1 (March 14, 2020): 680–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa717.

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ABSTRACT Fifteen orbital clusters (associations) were identified among ${\sim }20\, 000$ near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). All associations were found with a high statistical reliability using a single linkage cluster analysis algorithm and three orbital similarity functions. The identified groups constitute a small fraction (4.74 per cent) of the entire sample. Notwithstanding, they may be hazardous to Earth and its inhabitants. As with meteoroid streams, every year Earth comes very close to the orbits of each association. In two cases (2008TC3 and 2017FU102), the distance between the asteroid’s orbit and Earth’s orbit was shorter than Earth’s radius. Among the members of the identified associations, we found 331 objects larger than the Chelyabinsk asteroid and all of them approach Earth’s orbit at a distance smaller than 0.05 au. Two of the identified groups, (4179) Toutatis and (251430) Itokawa, support the hypothesis regarding the catastrophic origins of the asteroids Toutatis and Itokawa through violent collisions. This study does not focus on the origin of the NEA associations, but rather focuses on tracing the associations. Regardless of their origin, the identified groups pose a serious threat to Earth. Hence, to facilitate their monitoring of we calculated coordinates of the theoretical radiants and the calendar dates of their potential activity.

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21

Zeppa, Giuseppe, Martina Tedesco, Marta Bertolino, and Betül Çilek Tatar. "Grape Pomace as a New Coagulant for Tofu Production: Physicochemical and Sensory Effects." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081857.

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Tofu, one of the most important products made from soymilk, is obtained through a coagulation process performed with various coagulants (acids, salts and, enzymes). In this study, innovative tofu samples were produced using the grape pomace (GP) powders of different varieties (Barbera, Chardonnay, Moscato, and Pinot Noir) with different origins (fermented and distilled) at two concentration levels (2.5% and 5% w/v) as coagulants, and comparisons with traditional tofu were made. Physicochemical characteristics, phenolic contents, radical scavenging activity levels, textural properties, and consumer acceptability were evaluated. The moisture, protein content, and pH levels of GP tofu samples were slightly lower than those of traditional tofu. Regarding textural parameters, except for hardness, all other parameters were significantly lower in GP tofu samples, with differences due to GP concentration. The colours of GP tofu varied from amber-yellow to violet according to the GP origin. The blue-violet colours were observed predominantly in tofu samples obtained with Barbera and Pinot Noir GPs, while the other GP tofu samples showed amber-yellow colours. The concentrations of polyphenols were 2–10 times higher than in traditional tofu, while the radical scavenging activity levels were 9–80 times higher. The GP tofu samples were favoured by consumers, with small differences among the GP varieties.

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22

Arehart-Treichel, Joan. "Brain Aberrations Provide Clues to Origins of Violent Behavior." Psychiatric News 42, no. 19 (October 5, 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.42.19.0021a.

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23

Higashi, K., and K. Hagiwara. "Identification of Oil Spilled at Sea by High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography Pattern Recognition." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0189.

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Oil pollution in the marine environment has now become a world-wide concern. Recently, in Japan, over 1,000 cases of oil pollution have been occurring every year. It is important to develop an effective identification method for spilled oils for conservation of marine environments. A new method was developed using high performance gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Chromatograms of the molecular weight distribution of oils were obtained using an ultra-violet (UV) detector. Pattern similarities between pairs of chromatograms were calculated by section areas of the chromatograms using a computer. Sixty two kinds of crude oil imported by Japan were classified by this method, and a close relationship was found between the countries of origin of the crude oils and their chromatographic patterns. Forty nine tar balls sampled from Japanese coasts were compared with the crude oils, and the origins of the tar balls were deduced. The proposed method was effective for the identification of spilled oils, and had high sensitivity and reproducibility.

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24

Arseneault, Louise, Mary Cannon, Robin Murray, Richie Poulton, Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E. Moffitt. "Childhood origins of violent behaviour in adults with schizophreniform disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 6 (December 2003): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/02-485.

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BackgroundPeople with psychosis have an elevated risk of violence.AimsTo examine whether violent behaviour in adults with psychosis can be accounted for by psychotic symptoms or physical aggression in childhood.MethodWe used data from a prospective longitudinal study of a complete birth cohort born in New Zealand. When cohort members were 26 years old, information was obtained on past-year psychiatric diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder and on violent behaviour. Childhood psychotic symptoms were measured at age 11 years using a diagnostic interview, and childhood physical aggression was assessed by teachers when cohort members were aged 7, 9 and 11 years.ResultsParticipants with schizophreniform disorder were more likely to be violent than participants without, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and concurrent substance dependence disorders. Childhood psychotic symptoms were a strong risk factor for violence in adults with schizophreniform disorder, as was childhood physical aggression, allthough to a lesser extent.ConclusionsViolence by individuals with schizophreniform disorder could be prevented by monitoring early signs of psychotic symptoms and by controlling childhood physical aggression.

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Arseneault, Louise, Mary Cannon, Robin Murray, Richie Poulton, Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E. Moffitt. "Childhood origins of violent behaviour in adults with schizophreniform disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 06 (December 2003): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.6.520.

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Background People with psychosis have an elevated risk of violence. Aims To examine whether violent behaviour in adults with psychosis can be accounted for by psychotic symptoms or physical aggression in childhood. Method We used data from a prospective longitudinal study of a complete birth cohort born in New Zealand. When cohort members were 26 years old, information was obtained on past-year psychiatric diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder and on violent behaviour. Childhood psychotic symptoms were measured at age 11 years using a diagnostic interview, and childhood physical aggression was assessed by teachers when cohort members were aged 7, 9 and 11 years. Results Participants with schizophreniform disorder were more likely to be violent than participants without, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and concurrent substance dependence disorders. Childhood psychotic symptoms were a strong risk factor for violence in adults with schizophreniform disorder, as was childhood physical aggression, allthough to a lesser extent. Conclusions Violence by individuals with schizophreniform disorder could be prevented by monitoring early signs of psychotic symptoms and by controlling childhood physical aggression.

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Richards, Arnold D. "Freud and Monotheism: Moses and the Violent Origins of Religion." Psychoanalytic Quarterly 88, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332828.2019.1558878.

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27

Müller-Funk, Wolfgang. "Freud and monotheism: Moses and the violent origins of religion." Political Theology 20, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462317x.2018.1505381.

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28

Zhuge, L. J., X. M. Wu, Q. Li, W. B. Wang, and S. L. Xiang. "Origin of violet photoluminescence in SiO2 films co-doped with silicon and carbon." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 23, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2004.01.002.

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29

Corvo, Kenneth. "Violence, Separation, and Loss in the Families of Origin of Domestically Violent Men." Journal of Family Violence 21, no. 2 (February 2006): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-005-9011-1.

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30

Tchernev, Georgi, Anastasiya Atanasova Chokoeva, Torello Lotti, Uwe Wollina, Irina Yungareva, Ilia Lozev, and Georgi Konstantinov Maximov. "Violet - Colored Inguinal Located Cutaneous Tumour?" Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 13, 2018): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.015.

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Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) represents an aggressive CD30 – positive T cell lymphoma, as it is the second most common T cell lymphoma and 2% to 5% of all non - Hodgkin lymphomas. The cutaneous involvement can be primary or secondary within systemic ALCL, resembling inflammatory and other neoplastic lesions both clinically and cytologically. Various pigmented cutaneous tumours with a different origin, cutaneous metastasis and B-cell lymphoma must be carefully considered in the differential diagnostic plan. While simple surgical excision is usually curative, with good prognosis, systemic involvement must also be excluded. We present a case of a patient, with clinically unspecific single violet nodular lesion, as the only clinical manifestation of ALCL. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically, as the surgical excision was enough therapeutic management, regarding the early disease stage. Further following up with the patient is mandatory, because of the high recurrence rate. We want to emphasise the diversity of clinical manifestation of ALCL, regarding the importance of its early diagnosis and treatment.

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Mouta, Alba Angélica Nunes, Lays Carollinne Soares De Carvalho, Eduardo Ferreira De Oliveira, Daniela Moura Parente Martins, Isadora Maria de Almeida Morais, Stefen Kesse Matos De Souza, Francisco Jander de Sousa Nogueira, et al. "Perceptions of violence based on genetics: the influence of monoamine oxidase A in the origin of violent behavior." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): e625997321. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7321.

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Objective: To gather scientific literature regarding the influence of the low activity of the enzyme Monoaminoxidase A, responsible for the regulation of brain neurotransmitters, on criminal and / or violent behavior. Methods: Searches were performed in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases using “genes”, “crime” and “monoaminoxidase”, selecting articles published between 2009 and 2019. Results: The selected sample, after applying the inclusion criteria and exclusion, was composed of 14 articles. Discussion: A relationship was found between low levels of activity of Monoaminoxidase A, when associated with socio-environmental factors, with a greater tendency to commit criminal and / or violent acts. Among the socio-environmental factors, the most cited is the experience of trauma in childhood. However, there were copyright disagreements, which demonstrates the need for further investigation and development of studies on the subject. Final considerations: It was found that individuals with low Monoaminoxidase A activity and who experienced stressful socioenvironmental factors are more prone to aggressive and / or violent behavior.

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Santos, Cássio E. A., Márcio A. R. C. Alencar, Pedro Migowski, Jairton Dupont, and Jandir M. Hickmann. "Nonlocal Nonlinear Optical Response of Ionic Liquids under Violet Excitation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/104914.

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The nonlocal nonlinearity under violet excitation of ionic liquids was investigated using the Z-scan technique. The bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−) was employed as anionic part, while the cationic part consisted of four different imidazolium (, with , 6, 8, and 10) derivatives. The thermooptical coefficients, nonlinear refractive indexes of thermal origin, and degree of nonlocality were obtained for laser excitation tuned at 410 nm. Our results indicate that ionic liquids can be exploited as very efficient nonlinear media with large nonlocal character under violet excitation.

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Stefanoni, Chiara. "On the Origins of the Anthropological Machine: Sacrificial Dispositif and Equality." Animal Studies Journal 9, no. 2 (December 2020): 284–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/asj/v9.i2.12.

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This article takes a genealogical approach to the material origin of what Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben has called the ‘anthropological machine’, analyzing the dispositif by which the ontological and axiological dualism between the ‘human’ and the ‘animal’ first took place in archaic societies. Using some key concepts of René Girard’s anthropology, it is possible to argue that this dualism is rooted in the violent practice of victimage sacrifice. In other words, I claim that the anthropological machine is originally performed by a sacrificial dispositif. Though in modern society the human/animal dichotomy is performed by other dispositifs, the trace of this origin remains in the form of what Gianfranco Mormino calls sacrificial survivals. An analysis of the survival of the violent parameter of equality demonstrates that making a conceptual shift to equality as equal vulnerability is the key to creating a break with the long-lasting effects of the sacrificial dispositif. Continental and feminist approaches to animal studies reflect deeply on vulnerability since it appears to be a promising dimension with which to ground human-animal relations in non-violent ways. If we link these attempts with the Girardian context, it is possible to understand their radical potential for creating socio-political change.

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Voff, I. A. "OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN KIEV. Meeting on January 29, 1892." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 6, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63295-297.

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E.G. Gurin presented a new explanation of the origin of eclampsia. Of all the existing theories of the origin of eclampsia - Frerichs, Rosenstein-Traube, Halberstma, Stumpf, Blanc - none of them stand up to strict criticism and cannot serve to explain all the varieties of eclamps. Studying the clinical picture of eclampsia, we find in it a great similarity with the picture of violent and severe poisoning and therefore we can put forward a hypothesis about eclampsia, as a disease resulting from a kind of self-clogging of the female body with chemical poisons.

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Maden, Anthony. "Dangerous and severe personality disorder: antecedents and origins." British Journal of Psychiatry 190, S49 (May 2007): s8—s11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s8.

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SummaryThe origins of the Dangerous and Severe Pesonality Disorder (DSPD) Programme can be traced to developments in structured assessment and services for the cognitive–behavioural treatment of sexual and violent offenders in other countries. A comparison with these other services highlights the strengths and weaknesses of DSPD. The decision to use a medical model raises ethical and financial questions that may jeopardise the Programme's future.

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Levin, Aaron. "Origins of Violent Behavior Continue to Be Challenging to Pin Down." Psychiatric News 51, no. 7 (April 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.4a9.

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Dominguez-Moñino, Irene, Marta Diaz-Herraiz, Valme Jurado, Leonila Laiz, Ana Z. Miller, Juan Luis Santos, Esteban Alonso, and Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez. "Nature and origin of the violet stains on the walls of a Roman tomb." Science of The Total Environment 598 (November 2017): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017.

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Hozumi, S., A. Burkert, and T. Fujiwara. "The origin and formation of cuspy density profiles through violent relaxation of stellar systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 311, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03058.x.

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HARIYAMA, Takahiko, Masatsugu SHIMOMURA, Yumi YAMAHAMA, Yasuharu TAKAKU, and Tateo SHIMOZAWA. "The Origin of Gloss and Ultra-Violet Reflection of the Petal of Ranunculus Japonicus." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 70, no. 5 (2013): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.70.221.

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40

Wang, Jong-Yi, Janice C. Probst, Charity G. Moore, Amy B. Martin, and Kevin J. Bennett. "Place of Origin and Violent Disagreement Among Asian American Families: Analysis Across Five States." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 13, no. 4 (October 12, 2010): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-010-9398-5.

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41

Venkatraman, Amritha. "Fundamentalism and its stereotypes." Medjunarodni problemi 58, no. 1-2 (2006): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0602007v.

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The author explains that in its origin the term fundamentalism has no direct negative or violent connotation. However, this term has often been applied to those who resort to violence based on the ideological or religious adherence. Historically, most of fundamentalists have been moderate and apply passive and peaceful methods in their activities. Only active fundamentalists use extreme measures to achieve their religious ideals. The heightening existence of the active fundamentalism, and the disruption caused by it, leads to the projection that all fundamentalists are inherently violent in nature. This stereotype has been imposed on Islam particularly in the post-September 11, 2001 period. Investigating the relationship between Islam and fundamentalism the author asserts that, even though fundamentalism can exist in Islam, not all Muslim fundamentalists are active and violent.

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Sugimoto, D., T. Ebisuzaki, and J. Makino. "Dynamical evolution of binary clusters and colliding galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900200430.

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Merging of stellar systems is investigated by means of N-body simulations. We discuss the synchronization instability to trigger sudden merging, the origin of the ellipticity in the merger remnants, the distribution of stars in the halo, and the survival of the colour gradient of stars against the violent relaxation of the merging process.

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Zhong, Cuixiang. "Origin and Evolution of the Moon." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S298 (May 2013): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313007229.

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AbstractSince the Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth, the research on the formation of the Moon can not only find out the formation mechanism of the satellites of Solar System planets but also reveal the evolution law of galaxies in the universe. Hence many hypotheses have been proposed for the Moon's formation, including fission,capture,condensation,and impact event hypothesis, but they all have problems. Recently, the author of this abstract discovered the formation mechanism of the Moon, which can be called “evolution theory”, and described as follows: During some violent volcanic eruptions of the Earth, some rock debris such as pumice through deep rock hole could achieve a velocity no less than the first cosmic velocity (7.9 km/s) to enter an orbit around the Earth, one of the biggest debris is the young Moon.The orbit of the young Moon might be much closer to the Earth than it is today. There were a lot of ejecta from the Earth in the space. Hence, the Moon has merged these ejecta to become larger and larger, and farther and farther away from the Earth.This can be proved as follows: When the Moon moved around the Earth normally, the centrifugal force produced by the Moon's rotation around the Earth and the Earth's gravitation pull on the Moon had the same size. Let M be the mass of the Earth, m1 be the mass of the Moon, rm be the radius of the Moon, r be the centroid distance between the Earth and the Moon, v be the tangential velocity of the Moon around the Earth, then Gm1M/r2=m1v2/r, therefore $v=\sqrt{GM/r}$. Near the orbit of the Moon, there were also many smaller prograde planetesimals moving around the Earth in circular orbits of radius rx(r–rm<rx<r) with velocity vx. Since $v_x=\sqrt{GM/r_x}>\sqrt{GM/r}$, which implies vx > v, these planetesimals would finally catch and merge with the Moon.Especially,if a planetesimals was large enough, it would impact the Moon forcefully, making the Moon's velocity increase to a larger value v2. Then m1v22/r>m1v2/r=Gm1M/r2, therefore the Moon moved a reasonable distance away from the Earth.The early orbit of the Moon was much closer to the Earth's atmosphere than it is now, so the Moon had absorbed much water vapor from the atmosphere to form lunar maria. Due to the constant erosion of water,a series of volcanic eruptions occurred at the bottom of lunar maria.Violent eruption could also change the orbit of the Moon around the Earth. Since most maria are on the near-side visible from Earth, so many violent volcanic eruptions at the bottom of these lunar maria could push the moon away from the Earth. This can be proved as follows: Let M be the mass of the Earth, m1 be the mass of the Moon left by the volcanic eruption, m2 be the total mass of erupted matter, m0(=m1+m2) be the total mass of the Moon before the eruption, v be the tangential velocity of the Moon around the Earth, r0 and r1 be the centroid distance between the Earth and the Moon before or after the eruption respectively; since the volcano ejected many substances toward the Earth, r1 > r0. Before the eruption, the centrifugal force produced by the Moon's rotation around the Earth and the Earth's gravitation pull on the Moon had the same size, therefore Gm0M/r02=m0v2/r0, which implies GM/r02=v2/r0. After the eruption,if the Moon hadn't changed its orbit then its velocity around the Earth was still v, so Gm1M/r12=(Gm1M/r02) (r02/r12)=(m1v2/r0) (r02/r12) =(m1v2/r1) (r0/r1)<(m1v2/r1), adding the continuous giant reaction force produced by volcanic eruption, the join force could push the Moon away from the Earth, even to an orbit where the water vapor evaporated from the Moon would be attracted back to the Earth,leaving dry lunar maria.

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Small, Ernest. "Morphological differentiation in Medicago sativa s.l. in relation to ploidy." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-245.

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A study was undertaken of the yellow-flowered and violet-flowered diploid (2n = 2x = 16) and tetraploid phases of Medicago sativa s.l., excluding the widespread hybrid derivatives between the two flower-colour variants. It was found that diploid and tetraploid yellow-flowered plants (M. sativa ssp. falcata collectively) exhibit substantially overlapping morphological variation. However, among violet-flowered plants, the examined samples of diploids (M. sativa ssp. caerulea) and tetraploids (M. sativa ssp. sativa) proved to be completely separable by discriminant analysis. Most characters of ssp. sativa are quantitatively greater than those of ssp. caerulea. This and other considerations are consistent with an autopolyploid origin.

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Gryl, Marlena, Agnieszka Rydz, Joanna Wojnarska, Anna Krawczuk, Marcin Kozieł, Tomasz Seidler, Katarzyna Ostrowska, Monika Marzec, and Katarzyna Marta Stadnicka. "Origin of chromic effects and crystal-to-crystal phase transition in the polymorphs of tyraminium violurate." IUCrJ 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518017037.

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Chromic materials are nowadays widely used in various technological applications, however understanding the effect and the possibility of tuning the obtained colour of a material are still challenging. Here a combined experimental and theoretical study is presented on the solvatochromic and crystallochromic effects in the (pseudo)polymorphs of tyraminium violurate. This organic material exhibits a large solvatochromic shift (ca 192 nm) associated with broad colour change (from yellow to dark violet). Tyraminum violurate crystallizes as red crystals of form (I) from water as a solvate, and as an unsolvated form [violet crystals of (II)] from methanol solution. Form (I), when heated, undergoes two crystal-to-crystal phase transformations associated with colour change of the crystals. Crystals of (II) show extreme birefringence (ca 0.46) and high refractive index (n γ above 1.90), which can be correlated with preferential orientation of the resultant dipole moments of the ions. Examination of optical effects (UV–Vis spectra) along with theoretical calculations (QTAIM, atomic and bond polarizabilities) enabled the description of the origin of colour in the studied materials.

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46

Baddi Zabeh, Mohammad H., Helio I. Ayala Moreno, and David E. Castillo Martinez. "Causas de la migracion centramericana a Mexico y su constante violacion a los parametros internacionales de derechos humanos." Hegemonia: Revista de Ciências Sociais, no. 29 (April 24, 2020): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47695/hegemonia.vi29.303.

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En la presente investigación se dará a conocer las formas en que se violan los derechosde los migrantes, en territorio mexicano. Y lo que esto desencadena, los verdaderos motivos por los cuales abandonan sus lugares de origen, así como las problemáticas actuales que generan la privación de los derechos. La violencia contra la mujer migrante, y la trata de personas. Solucionantes, como la política migratoria actual, creadora de empleos y apoyo a personas migrantes

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47

Lee, Alexander. "Who Becomes a Terrorist?: Poverty, Education, and the Origins of Political Violence." World Politics 63, no. 2 (April 2011): 203–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887111000013.

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Many studies of the social backgrounds of terrorists have found that they are wealthier and better educated than the population from which they are drawn. However, studies of political behavior have shown that all forms of political involvement are correlated with socioeconomic status. among those who are politically active, opportunity costs may lead those involved in nonviolent activities to have a higher social status than violent individuals with a similar ideological orientation. this article develops a theory of participation in violence that incorporates both opportunity costs and informational barriers to participation and tests it by comparing violent and nonviolent political activists involved in the anticolonial agitation in Bengal (1906–39) using data from their police files. While the Bengali terrorists are better educated and have higher status jobs than the population average, they are less educated and less wealthy than the nonviolent activists. these results suggest that socioeconomic status may play a substantial negative role in terrorist recruitment within elites.

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Franz, Leander, Tay Thye Sun, Richard Wirth, Christian de Capitani, and Loke Hui Ying. "Violet-to-Blue 'Nuummite' from Simiuttat, Greenland: Origin of Colour Appearance and Conditions of Formation." Journal of Gemmology 35, no. 4 (2016): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.2016.35.4.330.

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Thornton, Robert. "The Peculiar Temporality of Violence: a Source of Perplexity about Social Power." KronoScope 2, no. 1 (2002): 41–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685240260186790.

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AbstractMost national myths of origin begin with some transcendent or sacrificial story of violent revolution, warfare or liberation. This is also true of many origin myths of ethnic, tribal or other forms of social identity. This makes it appear that some act of violence is the cause of their coming into being. This paper argues that this is an artefact of the temporal 'peculiarity' of violence. Violent events, it is argued, are essentially unpredictable even when statistically probable. This means that violence is only 'visible' after the fact, and rarely before and that plausible causal models can rarely be constructed in advance. Violence is always seen in retrospect, then, and where it has caused significant death and destruction, it requires that we begin to make sense of what caused it. Unlike other planned or and emotionally charged social interactions (such as eating, sexuality, ritual) acts of violence interrupt (disrupt, breach, rupture, break, etc.) and terminate parts or all of previous social relations. Since the cause of violence can only be assigned retrospectively, this means that we must (re-)construct the past in a way that allows us to make sense of it. Where some violent event is followed by the eventual emergence of a new identity, the new identity is often explained as having 'originated' in violence. This implies that violence caused the new social identity in some way, and that it functions as a political instrument. But violence can only create a void, and is chaotic. After violence, we require the (re-)telling of the past in a new way. This makes violence appear at the beginning of narratives of origin, but does not imply that violence caused these identities. Since large scale violence leads cultural loss and to large scale social (re)construction, narratives of identity tend to begin at these moments in time. This account of violence seeks, therefore, to undermine the notion that violence is an efficient or final cause of social forms.

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Eck, Kristine. "The origins of policing institutions." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317747955.

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This article examines the impact of colonial-era armed conflict on contemporary institutions. It argues that when British colonial administrators were faced with armed insurrection they responded with institutional reform of the police, and that the legacy of these reforms lives on today. Violent opposition prompted the British colonial administration to expand entrance opportunities for local inhabitants in order to collect intelligence needed to prosecute a counterinsurgency campaign. This investment in human capital and institutional reform remained when the colonial power departed; as a result, countries which experienced colonial-era conflict have more efficient policing structures today. I demonstrate how this worked in practice during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–60. Archival data from Malaysia show that local inhabitants were recruited into the police force in greater numbers and were provided with training which they would not have received had there been no insurgency. This process was consolidated and reproduced upon independence in path-dependent ways. To expand the empirical domain, I statistically explore new archival data collected from the UK National Archives on police financing across colonial territories. The results show that armed insurgency during the colonial era is associated with higher percentages of police expenditure during the colonial era and higher perceived levels of contemporary policing capacity.

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