Relevant bibliographies by topics / Origin-based pricing

Academic literature on the topic 'Origin-based pricing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Origin-based pricing"

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Abulibdeh, Ammar, Jean Andrey, and Matthew Melnik. "Insights into the fairness of cordon pricing based on origin–destination data." Journal of Transport Geography 49 (December 2015): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.014.

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BRODY, DORJE C., LANE P. HUGHSTON, and ANDREA MACRINA. "INFORMATION-BASED ASSET PRICING." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 11, no. 01 (February 2008): 107–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024908004749.

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A new framework for asset price dynamics is introduced in which the concept of noisy information about future cash flows is used to derive the corresponding price processes. In this framework an asset is defined by its cash-flow structure. Each cash flow is modelled by a random variable that can be expressed as a function of a collection of independent random variables called market factors. With each such "X-factor" we associate a market information process, the values of which we assume are accessible to market participants. Each information process consists of a sum of two terms; one contains true information about the value of the associated market factor, and the other represents "noise". The noise term is modelled by an independent Brownian bridge that spans the interval from the present to the time at which the value of the factor is revealed. The market filtration is assumed to be that generated by the aggregate of the independent information processes. The price of an asset is given by the expectation of the discounted cash flows in the risk-neutral measure, conditional on the information provided by the market filtration. In the case where the cash flows are the dividend payments associated with equities, an explicit model is obtained for the share-price process. Dividend growth is taken into account by introducing appropriate structure on the market factors. The prices of options on dividend-paying assets are derived. Remarkably, the resulting formula for the price of a European-style call option is of the Black–Scholes–Merton type. We consider the case where the rate at which information is revealed to the market is constant, and the case where the information rate varies in time. Option pricing formulae are obtained for both cases. The information-based framework generates a natural explanation for the origin of stochastic volatility in financial markets, without the need for specifying on an ad hoc basis the dynamics of the volatility.
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R, Thejasree, and Thyagaraja Murthy A. "Development of AWS based E-invoice Platform for Trading." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46557.

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Abstract: Global container shipping is the phenomenon of packing goods into containers and transporting them across country borders. A global container shipping trip often involves multiple carriers, third party logistics firms, and fourth party logistics firms. Based on previously agreed-upon contract pricing with the shippers, these businesses bill base service costs, unexpected service fees, and value-added service fees through freight invoices. This study introduces an AWS-based system for creating electronic invoices for carriers of goods when one or more carriers are involved in the shipment of products from a shipper's origin location to a destination location outside of the country of origin. Real-time shipment tracking data and previously agreed-upon service contract pricing between the shipper and the carrier are largely used in the preparation of an invoice for a carrier. Our solution improves the effectiveness of the e-invoicing process and reduces expenses for the shippers and carriers involved in international trade. The' main reasons for adopting AWS-based e-invoicing solutions are to decrease the frequency of invoice disputes, speed up dispute settlement, and offer real-time audits
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Ohazulike, Anthony E., Georg Still, Walter Kern, and Eric C. van Berkum. "An origin–destination based road pricing model for static and multi-period traffic assignment problems." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 58 (November 2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2013.06.003.

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Wang, Hua, and Xiao Ning Zhang. "Estimation of Origin-Destination Matrix with Tolling Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.239.

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Prior matrix and surveyed link volumes were, in most cases, employed to estimate origin-destination matrix. With the development of BOT and of congestion pricing, charged links become an important component of road network, due to the fact that the tolling data: volumes and travel time on pricing entry-exit are traffic information, both cost-free and accurate. In this paper, we put forward a bi-level programming model, taking account of data on charging entry-exit to estimate OD matrix based upon the traditional model. Meanwhile, a heuristic method -the simulated annealing approach - is utilized to solve the OD estimation problem. Results of examples indicate that the accuracy of estimation will be improved while adding the tolling data, and that it is feasible to calculate OD matrix by combining the volumes and travel time on entry-exit with partial common link flows. In this light, this way can be applied to enhance accuracy, and also to reduce the cost spent on surveying the link flows in common OD matrix estimation.
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Yeoman, Ian Seymour, and Una McMahon-Beattie. "The turning points of revenue management: a brief history of future evolution." Journal of Tourism Futures 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2016-0040.

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Purpose The primary aim of revenue management (RM) is to sell the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price. Ever since the deregulation of US airline industry, and the emergence of the internet as a distribution channel, RM has come of age. The purpose of this paper is to map out ten turning points in the evolution of Revenue Management taking an historical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a chronological account based upon published research and literature fundamentally drawn from the Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Findings The significance and success to RM is attributed to the following turning points: Littlewood’s rule, Expected Marginal Seat Revenue, deregulation of the US air industry, single leg to origin and destination RM, the use of family fares, technological advancement, low-cost carriers, dynamic pricing, consumer and price transparency and pricing capabilities in organizations. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in identifying the core trends or turning points that have shaped the development of RM thus assisting futurists or forecasters to shape the future.
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Shane, Elyse, MD Wahid Murad, and Susan Freeman. "Factors influencing price premiums of Australian wine in the UK market." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-02-2017-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine and analyse that factors that could potentially influence price premiums of Australian wine in the UK market. The authors integrated the economic-based hedonic pricing theory and marketing export pricing literature. The authors demonstrate a potential solution to limitations in knowledge of market-level data and industry wide competition, currently lacking in export pricing studies. Design/methodology/approach Using data extracted from wine-searcher.com and using multiple regression as the main analytical technique, the authors examined the relationships between actual retail prices UK consumers pay for Australian wine and product attributes. The authors compared the moderating influence of distribution channel (retail choice) on these relationships. Findings The results provide insights in export pricing literature, and the authors support better theoretical explanations for hedonic pricing studies in export marketing. The authors found two types of wine attributes – “brand” and “region of origin” – that attract price premiums. While relationships between variety and retail price, as well as age and retail price are less clear, the authors provide some support. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this hedonic pricing study is the inability to explain why certain relationships between product attributes and price premiums exist. Studies such as these could be improved by utilising both consumer- and firm-level data. Practical implications Whilst final prices paid by consumers are beyond the control of producers, understanding the relationships between retail prices, retail choices and product attributes are of strategic importance. Understanding the role consumer preferences play in determining prices they ultimately pay is of great value when determining export/retail pricing strategies. Social implications Consumers and firm managers are jointly able to provide comprehensive explanations on why certain attributes attract price premiums. The integration of economic and consumer-based theories provides a holistic understanding of the influence of retail choices and product attributes on retail prices. Originality/value The authors drew on the hedonic pricing theory linking product attributes with retail prices, which is vital for understanding market share and brand image. The authors identified which product attributes and which distribution channels (retail choices) are valuable to consumers. Deeper understanding of these issues is important for producers.
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Ufer, Danielle, Amanda M. Countryman, and Andrew Muhammad. "How important are product attributes for U.S. lamb imports?" International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0204.

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The U.S. lamb industry has changed in the last decade, impacting the structure of imports, which have become necessary to meet domestic demand. Product differentiation plays an important role in determining lamb imports. This research examines the importance of source (country or origin) and product attributes such as boneless versus bone-in cuts and chilled versus frozen products in determining U.S. demand for imported lamb. Overall, boneless and bone-in products show evidence of separability, which is an indication that preferences are independent based on these characteristics. For other product attributes, preferences were not independent, implying their aggregation in trade analyses may be justified. For agribusiness importers and wholesalers, our results and a better understanding of the importance of product origin, quality and form are useful to inform pricing and product substitution strategies.
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Fan, Wei. "Optimal congestion pricing toll design for revenue maximization: comprehensive numerical results and implications." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 8 (August 2015): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0513.

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The purpose of this paper is to present bi-level optimization models and develop a genetic algorithm (GA) based method to solve the optimal congestion pricing toll design problem and to determine the second-best link-based optimal toll locations and toll levels simultaneously. The upper-level subprogram is to maximize the toll revenue collected while explicitly accounting for the toll booth setting up and operating cost, given certain toll level constraints. The lower-level subprogram is a traditional user equilibrium problem with elastic demand. The proposed GA model is applied to the Sioux Falls network, which has 76 links and 24 origin–destination pairs, assuming homogeneous users. Comprehensive numerical results including solutions achieved under continuous tolling and discrete tolling schemes, tolling on optimized links and tolling on heuristically selected most congested links are carefully presented and compared. The impact of value of time and the elastic demand sensitivity are also comprehensively investigated.
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Alrasheedy, Alian A. "Pharmaceutical pricing policy in Saudi Arabia: findings and implications." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2020.0901.003.

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Introduction: Many countries have introduced policies and strategies to limit pharmaceutical expenditures. These include pharmaceutical pricing policies and related strategies to control medicine prices and to ensure appropriate and stable prices. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current pharmaceutical pricing policy for medicines in Saudi Arabia and to provide an evaluation of the impact of this policy on medicine prices. Methods: A description of the current pharmaceutical policy is presented by reviewing the current official documents and regulations related to pharmaceutical pricing in Saudi Arabia. A price comparison between the original brand medicines and their generic versions was conducted for the top six selling medicines in Saudi Arabia during the period of 2010–2015. Results: The findings showed that Saudi pharmaceutical pricing policy takes into consideration several factors including an international price benchmark, internal price referencing, and the price of the medicine in the country of origin when determining medicine prices. Based on this policy, there were large differences in the prices of generic medicines compared to original brand medicines. The generic medicine to original brand medicine price ratio was 0.87–0.30. However, the price of the first generic medicine was close to the price of original brand medicine, with the first generic medicine-to-original brand medicine price ratio was 0.87–0.81. In this study, there were large differences in the prices of generic medicines for the same molecule. In fact, price ratio among the generic medicines for the same molecule was between 0.96 and 0.18. However, some generic medicines imported from high income countries were cheaper than the medicines manufactured locally or manufactured in other countries in the Middle East. Conclusion: Medicine prices are strictly controlled through the pharmaceutical pricing policy in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the current policy has resulted in significant price differences among medicines, including medicines of the same molecule. Due to this large difference, the cost savings will depend on the product prescribed or procured by the health organization.
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Book chapters on the topic "Origin-based pricing"

1

Gallo, Mariano, and Luca D’Acierno. "An Origin-Destination Based Parking Pricing Policy for Improving Equity in Urban Transportation." In AIRO Springer Series, 247–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00473-6_27.

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Dandekar, Niranjan, Amit Dua, Manik Lal Das, and Viral A. Shah. "Supply Chain Management for Agri Foods Using Blockchain Technology." In Multidisciplinary Functions of Blockchain Technology in AI and IoT Applications, 46–69. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5876-8.ch003.

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The agricultural supply chain consists of many participants like producer (generally farmer), consumer (people who buy the product and consume them), wholesalers, and retailers. This system consists of many levels of mediator parties as well which have different policies of the commission. Due to the difference in these policies, the producers do not get their fair share of price. Due to the varying prices, consumers also suffer as they do not get the right quality of the product for the right price. There are no central records maintained regarding the transactions between the participants which could lead to many serious problems. To tackle the above-mentioned issues, we need a holistic approach that can provide solutions to most of the above issues. Here, blockchain-based solution can be used to achieve traceability (we can trace the whereabouts of the product, the origin of the product, etc.), transparency (so that a sense of trust is achieved), fairness (by removing the intermediaries), assurance of food safety and pricing (so that nobody has to bear the loss).
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