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Journal articles on the topic 'Orienteering performance'
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Guzmán, José F., Ana M. Pablos, and Carlos Pablos. "Perceptual-Cognitive Skills and Performance in Orienteering." Perceptual and Motor Skills 107, no. 1 (August 2008): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.1.159-164.
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GUZMAN, JOSE F. "PERCEPTUAL-COGNITIVE SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE IN ORIENTEERING." Perceptual and Motor Skills 107, no. 5 (2008): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.5.159-164.
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Schmidt, Mirko, Fabienne Egger, Mario Kieliger, Benjamin Rubeli, and Julia Schüler. "Gymnasts and Orienteers Display Better Mental Rotation Performance Than Nonathletes." Journal of Individual Differences 37, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000180.
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Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine whether athletes differ from nonathletes regarding their mental rotation performance. Furthermore, it investigated whether athletes doing sports requiring distinguishable levels of mental rotation (orienteering, gymnastics, running), as well as varying with respect to having an egocentric (gymnastics) or an allocentric perspective (orienteering), differ from each other. Therefore, the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) was carried out with 20 orienteers, 20 gymnasts, 20 runners, and 20 nonathletes. The results indicate large differences in mental rotation performance, with those actively doing sports outperforming the nonathletes. Analyses for the specific groups showed that orienteers and gymnasts differed from the nonathletes, whereas endurance runners did not. Contrary to expectations, the mental rotation performance of gymnasts did not differ from that of orienteers. This study also revealed gender differences in favor of men. Implications regarding a differentiated view of the connection between specific sports and mental rotation performance are discussed.
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Kujala, U. M., O. J. Heinonen, M. Kvist, O. P. Karkkainen, J. Marniemi, K. Niittymaki, and E. Havas. "Orienteering performance and ingestion of glucose and glucose polymers." British Journal of Sports Medicine 23, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.23.2.105.
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Malinowski, Jon C. "Mental Rotation and Real-World Wayfinding." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.19.
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Sex differences in mental rotation skills are a robust finding in small-scale laboratory-based studies of spatial cognition. There is almost no evidence in the literature, however, relating these skills to performance on spatial tasks in large-scale, real-world activities such as navigating in a new city or in the woods. This study investigates the connections between mental rotation skills as measured by the Vandenburg-Kuse Mental Rotations test and the performance of college students ( n = 211) navigating a 6-km orienteering course. The results indicate that mental rotation skills are significantly correlated with wayfinding performance on an orienteering task. The findings also replicate sex differences in spatial ability as found in laboratory-scale studies. However, the findings complicate the discussion of mental rotation skills and sex because women often performed as well as men despite having lower mean test scores. This suggests that mental rotation ability may not be as necessary for some women's wayfinding as it is for men's navigation.
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HÉBERT-LOSIER, KIM, SIMON PLATT, and WILLIAM G. HOPKINS. "Sources of Variability in Performance Times at the World Orienteering Championships." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47, no. 7 (July 2015): 1523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000558.
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Lee, Junghoon, and Gyung-Leen Park. "Performance Analysis of an Orienteering Problem-based Trip Scheduler for Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Control and Automation 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2014): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2014.7.7.09.
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Derya, Tusan, Imdat Kara, Papatya Sevgin Bicakci, and Baris Kececi. "New Formulations for the Team Orienteering Problem." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 6, no. 2 (November 4, 2016): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v6i2.1468.
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Routing problems have many practical applications in distribution and logistics management. The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and its variants lie at the heart of routing problems. The Orienteering Problem (OP) is a subset selection version of well-known TSP which comes from an outdoor sport played on mountains. In the OP, the traveller must finish its journey within a predetermined time (cost, distance), and gets a gain (profit, reward) from the visited nodes. The objective is to maximize the total gain that the traveller collects during the predetermined time. The OP is also named as the selective TSP since not all cities have to be visited. The Team Orienteering Problem (TOP) is the extension of OP by multiple-traveller. As far as we know, there exist a few formulations for the TOP. In this paper we present two new integer linear programming formulations (ILPFs) for the TOP with O(n2) binary variables and O(n2) constraints, where n is the number of nodes on the underlying graph. The proposed formulations can be directly used for the OP when we take the number of traveller as one. We demonstrate that, additional restrictions and/or side conditions can be easily imported for both of the formulations. The performance of our formulations is tested on the benchmark instances from the literature. The benchmark instances are solved via CPLEX 12.6 by using the proposed and existing formulations. The computational experiments demonstrate that both of the new formulations outperform the existing one. The new formulations are capable of solving optimally most of the benchmark instances, which have solved by using special heuristics so far. As a result, the proposed formulations can be used to find the optimal solution of small- and moderate-size real life OP and TOP by using an optimizer.
Keywords: Traveling salesman problem, orienteering problem, modeling;
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Hébert-Losier, Kim, Kurt Jensen, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "Jumping and Hopping in Elite and Amateur Orienteering Athletes and Correlations to Sprinting and Running." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 6 (November 2014): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0486.
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Purpose:Jumping and hopping are used to measure lower-body muscle power, stiffness, and stretch-shortening-cycle utilization in sports, with several studies reporting correlations between such measures and sprinting and/or running abilities in athletes. Neither jumping and hopping nor correlations with sprinting and/or running have been examined in orienteering athletes.Methods:The authors investigated squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), and hopping performed by 8 elite and 8 amateur male foot-orienteering athletes (29 ± 7 y, 183 ± 5 cm, 73 ± 7 kg) and possible correlations to road, path, and forest running and sprinting performance, as well as running economy, velocity at anaerobic threshold, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) from treadmill assessments.Results:During SJs and CMJs, elites demonstrated superior relative peak forces, times to peak force, and prestretch augmentation, albeit lower SJ heights and peak powers. Between-groups differences were unclear for CMJ heights, hopping stiffness, and most SLJ parameters. Large pairwise correlations were observed between relative peak and time to peak forces and sprinting velocities; time to peak forces and running velocities; and prestretch augmentation and forest-running velocities. Prestretch augmentation and time to peak forces were moderately correlated to VO2peak. Correlations between running economy and jumping or hopping were small or trivial.Conclusions:Overall, the elites exhibited superior stretch-shortening-cycle utilization and rapid generation of high relative maximal forces, especially vertically. These functional measures were more closely related to sprinting and/or running abilities, indicating benefits of lower-body training in orienteering.
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Kynčlová, Martina, Tomáš Hudeček, and Jan D. Bláha. "Assessment of cartographic outputs: analysis of mental maps of orienteering runners." Geografie 114, no. 2 (2009): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2009114020105.
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The article deals with analysis of mental maps which were obtained by questioning athletes – orienteering runners. Using the prerequisite of measurability of their sports performance, it is possible to measure the accuracy of assessment methods of mental maps. Thirty mental maps were acquired via a two-section questionnaire; they were assessed with the help of two methods – frequency measurement and determined weights and criteria. The results of the first method were visualised using software into aggregated maps which enable an overall view. The second method provides individual point of view on each athlete and their performance abilities. Comparison of both methods proves the initial hypothesis.
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Hansen, Mette, Jens Bangsbo, Jørgen Jensen, Bo Martin Bibby, and Klavs Madsen. "Effect of Whey Protein Hydrolysate on Performance and Recovery of Top-Class Orienteering Runners." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 2 (April 2015): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0083.
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This trial aimed to examine the effect of whey protein hydrolysate intake before and after exercise sessions on endurance performance and recovery in elite orienteers during a training camp. Eighteen elite orienteers participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial during a 1-week training camp (13 exercise sessions). Half of the runners (PRO-CHO) ingested a protein drink before (0.3 g kg−1) and a protein-carbohydrate drink after (0.3 g protein kg−1 and 1 g carbohydrate kg−1) each exercise session. The others ingested energy and timematched carbohydrate drinks (CHO). A 4-km run-test with 20 control points was performed before and on the last day of the intervention. Blood and saliva were obtained in the mornings, before and after run-tests, and after the last training session. During the intervention, questionnaires were fulfilled regarding psychological sense of performance capacity and motivation. PRO-CHO and not CHO improved performance in the 4-km run-test (interaction p < .05). An increase in serum creatine kinase was observed during the week, which was greater in CHO than PRO-CHO (interactionp < .01). Lactate dehydrogenase (p < .001) and cortisol (p = .057) increased during the week, but the change did not differ between groups. Reduction in sense of performance capacity during the intervention was greater in CHO (p < .05) than PRO-CHO. In conclusion, ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate before and after each exercise session improves performance and reduces markers of muscle damage during a strenuous 1-week training camp. The results indicate that protein supplementation in conjunction with each exercise session facilitates the recovery from strenuous training in elite orienteers.
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Verma, Madhushi, Mukul Gupta, Bijeeta Pal, and Prof K. K. Shukla. "Roulette Wheel Selection based Heuristic Algorithm for the Orienteering Problem." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 1 (April 2, 2014): 4127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i1.2933.
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Orienteering problem (OP) is an NP-Hard graph problem. The nodes of the graph are associated with scores or rewards and the edges with time delays. The goal is to obtain a Hamiltonian path connecting the two necessary check points, i.e. the source and the target along with a set of control points such that the total collected score is maximized within a specified time limit. OP finds application in several fields like logistics, transportation networks, tourism industry, etc. Most of the existing algorithms for OP can only be applied on complete graphs that satisfy the triangle inequality. Real-life scenario does not guarantee that there exists a direct link between all control point pairs or the triangle inequality is satisfied. To provide a more practical solution, we propose a stochastic greedy algorithm (RWS_OP) that uses the roulette wheel selectionmethod, does not require that the triangle inequality condition is satisfied and is capable of handling both complete as well as incomplete graphs. Based on several experiments on standard benchmark data we show that RWS_OP is faster, more efficient in terms of time budget utilization and achieves a better performance in terms of the total collected score ascompared to a recently reported algorithm for incomplete graphs.
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Taha Yassen, Esam, Alaa Abdulkhar Jihad, and Sudad H. Abed. "Lion optimization algorithm for team orienteering problem with time window." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp538-545.
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<span>Over the last decade, many nature-inspired algorithms have been received considerable attention among practitioners and researchers to handle several optimization problems. Lion optimization algorithm (LA) is inspired by a distinctive lifestyle of lions and their collective behavior in their social groups. LA has been presented as a powerful optimization algorithm to solve various optimization problems. In this paper, the LA is proposed to investigate its performance in solving one of the most popular and widespread real-life optimization problems called team orienteering problem with time windows (TOPTW). However, as any population-based metaheuristic, the LA is very efficient in exploring the search space, but inefficient in exploiting it. So, this paper proposes enhancing LA to tackle the TOPTW by utilizing its strong ability to explore the search space and improving its exploitation ability. This enhancement is achieved via improving a process of territorial defense to generate a trespass strong nomadic lion to prevail a pride by fighting its males. As a result of this improving process, an enhanced LA (ILA) emerged. The obtained solutions have been compared with the best known and standard results obtained in the former studies. The conducted experimental test verifies the effectiveness of the ILA in solving the TOPTW as it obtained a very competitive results compared to the LA and the state-of-the-art methods across all tested instances.</span>
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Celestino, Tadeu Ferreira de Sousa, José Carlos Gomes de Carvalho Leitão, and Antonino Manuel de Almeida Pereira. "Determinantes para a excelência na Orientação: as representações de treinadores e atletas de elite (Determinants for excellence in Orienteering: the representation of elite coaches and athletes) (Determinantes para la excelencia en la orientación: las r." Retos, no. 35 (September 26, 2018): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.59118.
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Resumo. A compreensão da excelência desportiva tem, desde sempre, proporcionado um intenso debate sobre os fatores que lhe estão subjacentes. Porém, no desporto orientação, a investigação no contexto da excelência tem sido escassa. Este estudo procurou identificar os fatores determinantes na aquisição, desenvolvimento e manutenção da excelência na orientação. Desenvolvido sob o paradigma qualitativo de análise, aplicou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas a um grupo de dez treinadores ibéricos de elite e a um grupo de catorze atletas de elite que integram as seleções nacionais da Suíça, Noruega, Dinamarca, França, Itália, Bulgária, Roménia e Letónia. Os resultados identificam que, similarmente, treinadores e atletas consideram os fatores secundários associados aos aspetos socio contextuais como a família, os amigos/pares e o treinador, e os aspetos socioculturais como os principais determinantes modeladores da excelência na orientação. Por outro lado, reconhecem que entre os fatores primários, os fatores psicológicos e da preparação desportiva se configuram como as principais variáveis de influência direta na performance de excelência. Salientam, igualmente, a necessidade da interação entre os diversos fatores para a aquisição, desenvolvimento e manutenção da excelência na orientação. Com a agregação destes resultados conclui-se que a excelência na orientação apresenta uma matriz multidimensional e a sua efetiva concretização é determinada pela interação bem-sucedida entre as dimensões do desempenho e as dimensões socio-contextuais e culturais que envolvem a modalidade orientação. Abstract. The understanding of sport excellence has always provided an intense debate about the underlying factors. However, in sport orienteering, research in the field of excellence has been scarce. This study sought to identify the determining factors in the acquisition, development, and maintenance of excellence in orienteering. Developed under the qualitative analysis, semi-structured interviews were applied to a group of ten elite Iberian coaches and a group of fourteen elite athletes from the national teams of Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, France, Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, and Latvia. The results identify that, similarly, coaches and athletes consider secondary factors associated with socio-contextual aspects, such as family, friends / peers and coaches, and sociocultural aspects as the major determinants determining orienteering excellence. On the other hand, they recognize that among the primary factors, psychological factors and sports preparation are the main variables that directly influence performance of excellence. They also stress the need for interaction between the various factors for the acquisition, development, and maintenance of excellence in orienteering. Supported by these results, we may conclude that excellence in orientation presents a multidimensional matrix and its effective implementation is determined by the successful interaction between the dimensions of performance and the socio-contextual and cultural dimensions that involve the orienteering modality.Resumen. La comprensión de la excelencia deportiva siempre ha proporcionado un intenso debate sobre los factores que le subyacen. Pero en el deporte orientacion, la investigación en el contexto de la excelencia ha sido escasa. Este estudio buscó identificar los factores determinantes en la adquisición, desarrollo y mantenimiento de la excelencia en la orientación. Desarrollado bajo el paradigma cualitativo de análisis, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de diez entrenadores ibéricos de élite ya un grupo de catorce atletas de elite que integran las selecciones nacionales de Suiza, Noruega, Dinamarca, Francia, Italia, Bulgaria, Rumanía y Letonia. Los resultados identifican que, de manera similar, entrenadores y atletas consideran los factores secundarios asociados a los aspectos socio contextuales como la familia, los amigos / parejas y el entrenador, y los aspectos socioculturales como los principales determinantes modeladores de la excelencia en la orientación. Por otro lado, reconocen que entre los factores primarios, los factores psicológicos y de la preparación deportiva se configuran como las principales variables de influencia directa en la performance de excelencia. También subrayan la necesidad de la interacción entre los diversos factores para la adquisición, el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de la excelencia en la orientación. Con la agregación de estos resultados se concluye que la excelencia en la orientación presenta una matriz multidimensional y su efectiva concreción está determinada por la interacción exitosa entre las dimensiones del desempeño y las dimensiones socio-contextuales y culturales que involucran la orientación.
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Bektaş, Fatih. "Evaluation of D2 Attention Levels of Orienteering National Team Athletes Who Are in Education Age." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i6.4204.
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The aim of this study was to determine the levels of attention in the rest state and post-performance status of the national orienteering team athletes who are in education age with the d2 attention test. For this purpose, this study was designed with relational screening model from quantitative research approaches. 40 volunteer athletes, 14 of which were female and 26 of them were male, were included in this study group. It was analyzed by Paired Samples t test whether the pre-test and post-test scores which the athletes participating in the study got from the d2 attention test were different. There was a significant difference among the applications in all scores of the d2 test (p <0.05). When the averages of the scores were examined, it was found by performing test repetitions that selective attention ability, sustainability of attention, high motivation and psychomotor speed (TN) most marked material) didn’t decrease the stability of psychomotor speed and quality of work performed CP (number of correctly marked d2)] d2 numbers [TN- (E1) + (E2)] that were marked incorrectly or weren’t marked. As a result; it was observed with d2 test which is one of the tests used in the field of applied sports psychology to evaluate the visual focusing attention performance of the athletes that the reason of positive differentiation in the attention performances which was obtained after the intensive exercise was intense concentration and the attention levels were high due to the concentration.
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Henriksen, Kristoffer. "Developing a High-Performance Culture: A Sport Psychology Intervention From an Ecological Perspective in Elite Orienteering." Journal of Sport Psychology in Action 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2015.1084961.
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Scrucca, Flavio, Claudio Severi, Nicola Galvan, and Antonio Brunori. "A new method to assess the sustainability performance of events: Application to the 2014 World Orienteering Championship." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 56 (January 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.08.002.
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Yarmolyuk, N. S., E. A. Biryukova, E. R. Dzheldubaeva, E. I. Nagaeva, Yu O. Diagileva, D. R. Husainov, E. С. Tkach, and D. N. Zakharov. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL BREATHING PARAMETERS OF YOUNG ATHLETES IN CYCLIC SPORTS." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 6(72), no. 2 (2020): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-2-281-290.
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At present, one of the main tasks of the state is to develop and improve the system of health protection and quality of life of the younger generation. In this regard, the search for simple non-invasive methods of monitoring the health of children, and especially young athletes at various stages of their competitive activity, is of great importance. It is known that the leading place among the factors influencing sports performance is occupied by a number of authors with the peculiarities of metabolic processes of sportsmen [1, 2], hemodynamics [3, 4], neuromuscular activation [5, 6], activity of the central nervous system [7, 8]. It has been shown that systematic repetition of dosed muscle load increases not only physical endurance in sportsmen but also their body resistance to hypoxia [4]. However, to date, the literature practically lacks data from complex controlled studies on the assessment of the functional state of the body in young athletes. At the same time, it should be noted that changes in the parameters of external respiration are one of the most important markers of medical and biological control of training, both for beginners and highly qualified sportsmen [9, 10]. In our opinion, studying the features of external respiration in athletes of cyclic sports of different orientation can be useful in building schemes, choosing modes and methods of their training process. In this connection, the purpose of the present research was the comparative characteristic of the external breathing system of young sportsmen of cyclic sports of orienteers and track-and-field athletes who are at the stage of a basic training mesocycle. The study was carried out with the participation of 20 young male and female athletes engaged in athletics and sports orientation. The 1st group (10 people) included athletes engaged in track and field athletics, athletes stewards (runners for 800–3000 meters, the average distance during training from 1500 to 4000 meters, pace – about 5 minutes per 1 km.), the 2nd group (10 people) – athletes engaged in orienteering (the average distance of running from 3000 to 6000 meters, pace – about 6–7 minutes per 1 km.). The age of athletes was within 13–15 years. The external breathing apparatus is most developed for orienteering athletes who have elements of staying load in the training process, with predominance of aerobic type of energy exchange, while for athletes-athletes the most characteristic was high power of forced exhalation and values of maximum ventilation of the lungs, which is due to a high degree of adaptation of these athletes to anaerobic load of high intensity. Young orienteering athletes recorded higher values in the «tranquil breathing» test as compared to track and field athletes. Thus, YEL on the average is 11.97 % (p<0.05) higher than in the group of track and field athletes, and the indicators of ROV – by 20.30 % (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained from volunteers involved in athletics. The probable mechanism of such differences may be that the efficiency of the training process of athletics athletes, in contrast to orienteers, is equally related to both anaerobic and aerobic types of energy exchange, and less dependent on the functioning of the external respiratory apparatus, which is reflected in the lower values of GEL and RO in these athletes, compared to young orienteering athletes, characterized by a greater contribution of aerobic type of energy exchange. In the tests «forced exhalation» and «maximum ventilation of the lungs» the orienteers registered lower values of the studied indices (FSEL in – by 17,08 % (p<0,05), OFV1 – by 24,84 % (p<0,05), ratio OFV1/FSEL – by 2,67 % (p<0,05), MVL – by 29,21 % (p<0,05) lower than in the group of athletes), which is due to a higher degree of formation of adaptation mechanisms of oxygen debt compensation at high intensity physical activity in comparison with orienteering sportsmen, whose training process is mostly connected with long medium intensity loads.
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von Rosen, Philip, Annette Heijne, Anna Frohm, Cecilia Fridén, and Anders Kottorp. "High Injury Burden in Elite Adolescent Athletes: A 52-Week Prospective Study." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-251-16.
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Context: Our understanding of the injury burden in elite adolescent athletes in most sports is limited or unknown because of the lack of prospective, long-term injury studies. Objective: To describe injury patterns in terms of type, location, prevalence and incidence, recurrence, and severity grade; time to first injury; and prevalence of illness in elite adolescent athletes and to compare differences in injury data by sex and sport type. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Fifteen national sports high schools in Sweden. Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 284 elite adolescent athletes (boys = 147, girls = 137; median age = 17 years; 25th–75th percentile range = 16–18 years) competing at a high national level for their age in athletics (track and field), cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, freestyle skiing, handball, orienteering, or ski orienteering. Main Outcome Measure(s): All athletes were monitored weekly over 52 weeks, using a validated online questionnaire to identify injury type, location, prevalence or incidence, and severity grade; time to first injury; and prevalence of illness. Results: Among all athletes, 57.4% reported at least 1 new injury, whereas the 1-year injury prevalence was 91.6%. The overall injury incidence was 4.1/1000 hours of exposure to sport, and every week, on average, 3 of 10 (30.8%) elite adolescent athletes reported being injured. Of all injuries from which athletes recovered, 22.2% (n = 35) resulted in absence from normal training for at least 2 months. Female athletes reported higher (P < .05) average weekly injury prevalence and substantial injury prevalence (injuries leading to a moderate or severe reduction in sport performance or participation or time loss) than male athletes. Conclusions: A considerable number of elite adolescent athletes were injured weekly, resulting in serious consequences for sport participation, training, or performance (or a combination of these). Appropriately designed interventions to prevent knee and foot injuries will target both the greatest number of injuries and the injuries with the most serious consequences in elite adolescent athletes.
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Lian, Østein B., Lars Engebretsen, and Roald Bahr. "Prevalence of Jumper's Knee among Elite Athletes from Different Sports: A Cross-sectional Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 4 (April 2005): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504270454.
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Background The prevalence of jumper's knee across different sports has not been examined, and it is not known if there is a gender difference. Data from surgical case series indicate that there may be a high prevalence in sports with high speed and power demands. Hypothesis The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of jumper's knee in different sports among female and male athletes and to correlate the prevalence to the loading characteristics of the extensor mechanism in these sports. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors examined approximately 50 Norwegian male and female athletes at the national elite level from each of the following 9 sports: athletics (male athletes: high jump, 100- and 200-m sprint), basketball (male athletes), ice hockey (male athletes), volleyball (male athletes), orienteering (male athletes), road cycling (male athletes), soccer (male and female athletes), team handball (male and female athletes), and wrestling (male athletes). The examination included an interview on individual characteristics (weight, age, height, and training background), a clinical examination, and self-recorded Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Results The overall prevalence of current jumper's knee was 14.2% (87 of 613 athletes), with a significant difference between sports with different performance characteristics (range, 0%-45%). In addition, 51 athletes (8%) reported previous symptoms. The prevalence of current symptoms was highest in volleyball (44.6% ± 6.6%) and basketball (31.9% ± 6.8%), whereas there were no cases in cycling or orienteering. The prevalence of current jumper's knee was lower among women (5.6% ± 2.2%) compared with men (13.5% ± 3.0%; χ2 test, P =. 042). The duration of symptoms among athletes with current jumper's knee (n = 87) was 32 ± 25 (standard deviation) months, with a Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score of 64 ± 19. Conclusion The prevalence of jumper's knee is high in sports characterized by high demands on speed and power for the leg extensors. The symptoms are often serious, resulting in long-standing impairment of athletic performance.
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Larsson, Peter, Lennart Burlin, Erkki Jakobsson, and Karin Henriksson-Larsen. "Analysis of performance in orienteering with treadmill tests and physiological field tests using a differential global positioning system." Journal of Sports Sciences 20, no. 7 (January 2002): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404102760000035.
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McWesler, Mary, William P. Marshak, and Monica M. Glumm. "Innovative Measures of Accuracy and Situational Awareness during Land Navigation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 19 (October 1998): 1366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201908.
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A helmet-mounted display (HMD)-based computer navigation system that partially mimics the U.S. Army's Land Warrior ensemble provided position information and map updates to soldiers navigating a three-kilometer course. Performance with the HMD system was compared to traditional navigation with paper map, compass, and a hand-held GPS receiver. New objective computer-based measures of navigational accuracy and situational awareness (SA) were developed. Traditional measures of navigational accuracy were not sensitive enough to detect differences between HMD and traditional navigational methods. The more sensitive new measure based on distance traveled found the HMD-based system to be superior. This method is easily adaptable to civilian applications such as orienteering. A supposed advantage of using HMDs is enhanced SA. A SA measure was developed which used probe questions generated by the computer. Although the probe questions found no significant differences between the conditions, the method seems promising for future applications.
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Pesce, Caterina, Lucio Cereatti, Rita Casella, Carlo Baldari, and Laura Capranica. "Preservation of Visual Attention in Older Expert Orienteers at Rest and under Physical Effort." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 29, no. 1 (February 2007): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.1.78.
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This study investigated the visual attention of older expert orienteers and older adults not practicing activities with high attentional and psychomotor demands, and considered whether prolonged practice of orienteering may counteract the age-related deterioration of visual attentional performance both at rest and under acute exercise. In two discriminative reaction time experiments, performed both at rest and under submaximal physical workload, visual attention was cued by means of spatial cues of different sizes followed, at different stimulus-onset asynchronies, by compound stimuli with local and global target features. Orienteers, as compared to nonathletes, showed a faster reaction speed and a complex pattern of attentional differences depending on the time constraints of the attentional task, the demands on endogenous attentional control, and the presence or absence of a concomitant effortful motor task. Results suggest that older expert orienteers have developed attentional skills that outweigh, at least at rest, the age-related deficits of visual attentional focusing.
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Best, Graeme, Oliver M. Cliff, Timothy Patten, Ramgopal R. Mettu, and Robert Fitch. "Dec-MCTS: Decentralized planning for multi-robot active perception." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 2-3 (March 8, 2018): 316–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364918755924.
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We propose a decentralized variant of Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) that is suitable for a variety of tasks in multi-robot active perception. Our algorithm allows each robot to optimize its own actions by maintaining a probability distribution over plans in the joint-action space. Robots periodically communicate a compressed form of their search trees, which are used to update the joint distribution using a distributed optimization approach inspired by variational methods. Our method admits any objective function defined over robot action sequences, assumes intermittent communication, is anytime, and is suitable for online replanning. Our algorithm features a new MCTS tree expansion policy that is designed for our planning scenario. We extend the theoretical analysis of standard MCTS to provide guarantees for convergence rates to the optimal payoff sequence. We evaluate the performance of our method for generalized team orienteering and online active object recognition using real data, and show that it compares favorably to centralized MCTS even with severely degraded communication. These examples demonstrate the suitability of our algorithm for real-world active perception with multiple robots.
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He, Lei, Mathijs de Weerdt, and Neil Yorke-Smith. "Time/sequence-dependent scheduling: the design and evaluation of a general purpose tabu-based adaptive large neighbourhood search algorithm." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 31, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1051–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-019-01518-4.
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AbstractIn intelligent manufacturing, it is important to schedule orders from customers efficiently. Make-to-order companies may have to reject or postpone orders when the production capacity does not meet the demand. Many such real-world scheduling problems are characterised by processing times being dependent on the start time (time dependency) or on the preceding orders (sequence dependency), and typically have an earliest and latest possible start time. We introduce and analyze four algorithmic ideas for this class of time/sequence-dependent over-subscribed scheduling problems with time windows: a novel hybridization of adaptive large neighbourhood search (ALNS) and tabu search (TS), a new randomization strategy for neighbourhood operators, a partial sequence dominance heuristic, and a fast insertion strategy. Through factor analysis, we demonstrate the performance of these new algorithmic features on problem domains with varying properties. Evaluation of the resulting general purpose algorithm on three domains—an order acceptance and scheduling problem, a real-world multi-orbit agile Earth observation satellite scheduling problem, and a time-dependent orienteering problem with time windows—shows that our hybrid algorithm robustly outperforms general algorithms including a mixed integer programming method, a constraint programming method, recent state-of-the-art problem-dependent meta-heuristic methods, and a two-stage hybridization of ALNS and TS.
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Dimitrova, Ina. "Sports and Lateralization of Visual Spatial Attention: A Comparative Study of Practitioners of Foot Orienteering, Judo Wrestlers and Non-Athletes." Psichologija, no. 62 (December 28, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2020.19.
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Performance in all sports requires good spatial attention. This study investigates the impact of long-term sports training on lateralization of visual spatial attention and also explores if the type of sport (foot orienteering (FootO) vs. judo) could be related to differentiated effects on the pattern of lateralization. Thirty practitioners of FootO (aged 16-58 years, Mean age = 24.96±10.98; 16 males), 30 judo wrestlers (aged 16-60 years, Mean age = 25.96±10.61; 19 males), and 30 subjects who have never practiced any sport (aged 15-53 years, Mean age = 33.2±11.56; 13 males), were studied with a line-bisection task. All participants were right-handed and the athletes had at least 5 years of active sport practicing. Although the mean transection in the three groups was to the left of the true center regardless of the hand used suggesting right pseudoneglect, the accuracy of both hands was highest in the group of practitioners of FootO and lowest in the non-athletes group. Also, there were no between-hands differences in the accuracy among practitioners of FootO (t(30) = 0.062, p = 0.951), slightly better right hand accuracy in judo wrestlers (t(30) = 0.608, p = 0.548), and significantly better right hand accuracy in non-athletes (t(30) = -2.297, p = 0.029). In general, the results suggest that the active long-term training of any sport may affects functional brain organization of visual spatial attention towards its more balanced hemispheric presentation, but the type of sport is of great importance for the magnitude of the induced changes.
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Mitne Neto, Miguel, Alexandre Ricardo Fornari, Luciana Peniche Moreira, Matheus Burger, Andre Oku, Luciana Guilhermino Pereira, Raquel Stabellini, et al. "Performance and validation of a tumor mutation profiling, based on artificial intelligence annotation, to assist oncology decision making." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13148-e13148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13148.
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e13148 Background: Tumor mutation profiling has become a key component for orienteering the treatment of oncologic patients. A crucial step for this is the correct identification and classification of pathogenic and actionable variants. In the present work we aimed at the development and validation of a tumor mutation profiling panel, based on NGS, which uses artificial intelligence for variant annotation. Methods: We designed a hybrid capture panel, containing 366 genes to evaluate somatic SNVs, INDELs and CNVs, and to calculate TMB, using a customized bioinformatics pipeline. MSI status was determined by fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Analytical performance was determined using reference cell lines. FFPE samples from 70 tumors were accessed and 53 were sequenced. Variant annotation was performed by IBM Watson for Genomics (WfG) platform. Assay performance on clinical samples was defined based on orthogonal assays using Agilent CGH+SNParray 400K (for CNVs only) and Foundation One test (Foundation Medicine) (F1). Results: Breast, colon and lung were the most common tumor origins. Fifty-three samples were successfully sequenced, while 41 of them could also be analyzed by F1 test. A summary of the assay performance is presented in Table 1. Our pipeline detected 1219 variants and 290 (23%) were classified as Pathogenic, Likely Pathogenic or Actionable, according to WfG. Thirty-five samples (66%) presented a variant that could drive the treatment, with 37.7% of samples being sensitive to targeted therapies, while 22.6% were resistant; additionally, 86% had an indication for a clinical trial. Conclusions: The developed assay presented a good overall sensitivity and allele frequency correlation, with TMB and MSI having the best rates. Comparisons with F1 had reduced values of concordance; however, SNVs and INDELs presented a similar frequency. Differences on CNVs identification may rely on distinct thresholds established by the different groups. The high percentage of samples that could benefit from mutational profiling highlights the importance of such approach in the clinical routine. Additionally, the high number of variants features the need for updated information for annotation. [Table: see text]
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Smila, Baiba, and Andra Fernāte. "PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCES IN COMPETITIONS: LATVIAN ORIENTEERING DEVELOPMENT EVIDENCE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2378.
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Previous efforts to depict sport development opportunities resulted in a sport development metaphor, the participation pyramid (Sotiriadou, Shilbury & Quick, 2008). The base of the sport development metaphor represents the relationship between mass and elite participation (Shilbury, Sotiriadou & Green, 2008) and medals won during the Olympic Games (Sotiriadou, De Bosscher, 2013). The most important international competitions may, therefore, best represent overall sport systems (Sparvero, Chalip, & Green, 2008), but competition opportunities for athletes are the factor contributing to elite success. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between mass and elite orienteers’ participation and elite orienteers’ performances at the most important national and international orienteering competitions. Methods: the official most important orienteering national and international competition results from 2001 to 2016 were obtained from the websites of each annual organizing committee, linked to the International Orienteering Federation website and mathematical statistics was conducted. The results confirmed a strong, medium and weak relationship between mass and elite orienteers’ participation and elite orienteers’ performances in the most important national and international orienteering competitions. Orienteers’ movement up the participation pyramid is not automatic.
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Heikkilä, Maria, Raisa Valve, Mikko Lehtovirta, and Mikael Fogelholm. "Nutrition Knowledge Among Young Finnish Endurance Athletes and Their Coaches." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0264.
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The nutrition knowledge of athletes and coaches is often inadequate. However, athletes need sufficient knowledge of this subject to understand the importance of food choices for their athletic performance, recovery, and overall health. Adequate nutrition knowledge and skills are important for coaches because they are often the most significant source of nutrition knowledge for their athletes. Most previous nutrition knowledge studies have been carried out in team sports and outside Scandinavia. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the nutrition knowledge of Finnish endurance athletes (156 males and 156 females; age = 17.9 ± 1.2 years) and their coaches (69 males and 25 females; age = 44.3 ± 12.3 years). The three main sports among the participants were cross-country skiing (n = 53 coaches and n = 111 athletes), orienteering (n = 13 and n = 110), and biathlon (n = 6 and n = 38). On average, the coaches (N = 94) answered 81% ± 9% of the 79 nutrition questionnaire items correctly, whereas the respective result was 73% ± 9% among the athletes (N = 312). The coaches had significantly (p < .001) better nutrition knowledge of all the five subcategories of the questionnaire, whereas the “dietary supplements” and “nutrition recommendations for endurance athletes” subcategories appeared particularly difficult for the athletes. The average nutrition knowledge score of athletes was relatively low. As nutrition knowledge may have a positive association with athletes’ food choices and subsequent dietary intake, Finnish endurance athletes and coaches would benefit from enhanced nutrition education.
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Amer Fernández, Joan, and Andreu Mir Gual. "Los procesos de implementación de los programas de mejora del aprendizaje y el rendimiento (PMAR). Perspectivas del profesorado, el alumnado y las familias//Processes of implementation of the programs for the improvement of the learning and the performance (PMAR). Perspectives of teachers, students and families." REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 28, no. 3 (March 13, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.28.num.3.2017.21623.
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RESUMEN Los Programas de Mejora del Aprendizaje y el Rendimiento (PMAR) son activados con la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Cualidad Educativa (LOMCE) de 9 de Diciembre de 2013. Estos programas se enmarcan entre los programas de atención a la diversidad planteados desde la orientación educativa para combatir los procesos de desenganche, fracaso y abandono escolar. El artículo se propone como objetivo central analizar el incipiente proceso de implementación de los PMAR, a través de las valoraciones del alumnado, equipos docentes y familias. En concreto, se analiza el componente pedagógico del programa, el papel del profesorado, el perfil del alumnado y la relación del programa con sus trayectorias educativas. El enfoque metodológico es de carácter cualitativo y descriptivo, basado en entrevistas exploratorias. Con este objetivo, se han realizado entrevistas en tres centros educativos del municipio de Palma (Mallorca). Se han llevado a cabo un total de 14 entrevistas en las cuales han participado alumnado, docentes y familias. Los principales resultados apuntan una buena aceptación del programa, una inquietud por la reincorporación a la vía ordinaria (4º ESO) tras participar en el programa, un acento en la dimensión conductual y del rendimiento de los alumnos y unas trayectorias marcadas por las dificultades de aprendizaje.ABSTRACT Programs for the improvement of the learning and the performance (PMAR, acronym after the name in Spanish) are activated with the pass of the Organic Law for the improvement of the Educational Quality (LOMCE) of 9th December 2013. From a view of educational orienteering, these programs are embedded within the programs for the attention to the diversity to overcome processes of school dropout and failure. This article analyses the recent process of implementation of PMAR, through the opinions of the students, teachers and families. Specifically, it is studied the pedagogical component of the program, the role of the teachers, the student profiles and the relationship of the program with their educational trajectories. The methodological approach is qualitative and descriptive, based on interviews. With this goal, interviews have been undertaken in three secondary schools of the municipality of Palma (Mallorca). 14 interviews have been done, to students, teachers and families. Main results highlight a good acceptance of the program, concern about the reincorporation to the regular way (4th of Secondary Education) after participating in the program, a stress in the behavioural dimension and of the performance of the students, and trajectories defined by their difficulties for learning.
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Celestino, Tadeu, and Antonino Pereira. "The sport of orienteering: performance of physically active people who partake in leisure activities but have no experience in this modality. (Deporte de orientación: representaciones de los practicantes de actividad física deportiva de ocio sin experiencia en esta modalidad)." Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte 7, no. 19 (March 1, 2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v7i19.24.
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"The value of performance diagnostcs in orienteering." Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine 67, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/2.
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Endurance testing has a long tradition in the Swiss Orienteering Federation. It has become an important tool in monitoring effectiveness of training and in assessing endurance performance. The vast majority of athletes and coaches indicate that sport science is meaningful and endurance testing is of high informative value for them. Endurance testing is regularly done in the lab, but also field tests are carried out each year. They particularly empower and support athletes in their specific preparation for important competitions. Also in the future new competition formats can be prepared and training may be monitored by a new format of specific tests. In various endurance sports physiological demands may be similar. Therefore an improved exchange of knowledge, skills, and other insights between different sport federations about endurance testing is mostly desirable. In Switzerland this knowledge transfer should be further enhanced.
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"Leistungsdiagnostik im Orientierungslauf unter Berücksichtigung kognitiver und physischer Aspekte." Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine 63, no. 3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2015/20.
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The diagnostic protocol presented here allows orienteers to compare themselves to others in the sample and to analyse the proportion of physical and technical skills in their overall performance. In order to test the protocol 3 female and 11 male leisure athletes completed two short orienteering courses, one with four control points (distance 0.80 km, altitude 5 m) and one with eight (distance 1.95 km, altitude 40 m). The average running time was 6 min and 40 sec (± 2 min 18 sec) on the short and 17 min 36 sec (5 min ± 1 sec) on the long course when orienteering. After courses were marked with the optimum route running times decreased, as expected, to 3 min 45 sec (± 48 sec) on the short and 9 min 21 sec (± 1 min 19 sec) on the long course. Analysis showed that the athletes were 77% slower on the short and 88% slower on the long course respectively when orienteering compared to when following marked route. Differences between orienteering and following the set route were highly significant (p < 0.01). Heart rate was 170 ± 9 beats per minute (bpm) on the long course when orienteering versus 179 ± 7 bpm when following the set route and this difference was highly significant (p < 0.01). On the short course heart rate was 167 ± 9 bpm when orienteering versus 178 ± 8 bpm when following the set route and this difference was not significant (p = 0.24). On both courses, heart rate was nearly 10 beats lower when orienteering. The protocol not only allows orienteers to position themselves in the test population amongst good runners or navigators, it can also help to modify the training emphasis.
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Zhang, Donghui, and Ruijie Liu. "Application of intelligent orienteering based on Internet of things." EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2020, no. 1 (October 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-020-01814-1.
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Abstract Orienteering has gradually changed from a professional sport to a civilian sport. Especially in recent years, orienteering has been widely popularized. Many colleges and universities in China have also set up this course. With the improvement of people’s living conditions, orienteering has really become a leisure sport in modern people’s life. The reduced difficulty of sports enables more people to participate, but it also exposes a series of problems. As the existing positioning technology is relatively backward, the progress in personnel tracking, emergency services, and other aspects is slow. To solve these problems, a new intelligent orienteering application system is developed based on the Internet of things. ZigBee network architecture is adopted in the system. ZigBee is the mainstream scheme in the current wireless sensor network technology, which has many advantages such as convenient carrying, low power consumption, and signal stability. Due to the complex communication environment in mobile signal, the collected information is processed by signal amplification and signal anti-interference technology. By adding anti-interference devices, video isolators and other devices, the signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. In order to verify the actual effect of this system, through a number of experimental studies including the relationship between error and traffic radius and the relationship between coverage and the number of anchor nodes, the data shows that the scheme studied in this paper has a greater improvement in comprehensive performance than the traditional scheme, significantly improving the accuracy and coverage. Especially the coverage is close to 100% in the simulation experiment. This research has achieved good results and can be widely used in orienteering training and competition.
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Yu, Qinxiao, Yossiri Adulyasak, Louis-Martin Rousseau, Ning Zhu, and Shoufeng Ma. "Team Orienteering with Time-Varying Profit." INFORMS Journal on Computing, March 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2020.1026.
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This paper studies the team orienteering problem, where the arrival time and service time affect the collection of profits. Such interactions result in a nonconcave profit function. This problem integrates the aspect of time scheduling into the routing decision, which can be applied in humanitarian search and rescue operations where the survival rate declines rapidly. Rescue teams are needed to help trapped people in multiple affected sites, whereas the number of people who could be saved depends as well on how long a rescue team spends at each site. Efficient allocation and scheduling of rescue teams is critical to ensure a high survival rate. To solve the problem, we formulate a mixed-integer nonconcave programming model and propose a Benders branch-and-cut algorithm, along with valid inequalities for tightening the upper bound. To solve it more effectively, we introduce a hybrid heuristic that integrates a modified coordinate search (MCS) into an iterated local search. Computational results show that valid inequalities significantly reduce the optimality gap, and the proposed exact method is capable of solving instances where the mixed-integer nonlinear programming solver SCIP fails in finding an optimal solution. In addition, the proposed MCS algorithm is highly efficient compared with other benchmark approaches, whereas the hybrid heuristic is proven to be effective in finding high-quality solutions within short computing times. We also demonstrate the performance of the heuristic with the MCS using instances with up to 100 customers. Summary of Contribution: Motivated by search and rescue (SAR) operations, we consider a generalization of the well-known team orienteering problem (TOP) to incorporate a nonlinear time-varying profit function in conjunction with routing and scheduling decisions. This paper expands the envelope of operations research and computing in several ways. To address the scalability issue of this highly complex combinatorial problem in an exact manner, we propose a Benders branch-and-cut (BBC) algorithm, which allows us to efficiently deal with the nonconcave component. This BBC algorithm is computationally enhanced through valid inequalities used to strengthen the bounds of the BBC. In addition, we propose a highly efficient hybrid heuristic that integrates a modified coordinate search into an iterated local search. It can quickly produce high-quality solutions to this complex problem. The performance of our solution algorithms is demonstrated through a series of computational experiments.
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Ruzicka, Ivan. "Longitudinal monitoring of performance in cross-country running by young orienteering runners." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 10, Proc1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2015.10.proc1.14.
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BATISTA, Mayara M., Ana C. PALUDO, Michael P. DA SILVA, Marcos V. MARTINS, Paulo H. PAULI, Gabriela DAL’MAZ, Joice M. STEFANELLO, and Marcus P. TARTARUGA. "Effect of mental fatigue on performance, perceptual and physiological responses in orienteering athletes." Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 61, no. 5 (May 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11334-9.
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Kuhl, Carolina Cunha, Thiago Emannuel Medeiros, Mayara Maciel Batista, Paulo Henrique Pauli, Marcos Vinícius Soares Martins, Marcos Roberto Queiroga, and Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga. "Relationship of simple reaction time and aerobic and anaerobic capacities with performance of recreational adult orienteers." Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano 21 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2019v21e55492.
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Abstract This study aimed to examine the effects of Simple Reaction Time (SRT), MaximalOxygen Uptake ( V ? V ? O2max) and Maximal Anaerobic Power (Pmax) on the performance of category A recreational adult orienteers of both sexes. Sixteen subjects (8 men and 8 women; age: 30 ± 4 and 27 ± 5 years; body mass 78.8 ± 5.9 and 69.2 ± 10.4 kg; SRT: 1.391 ± 0.19 and 1.317 ± 0.25 ms; V ? V ? O2max: 67.4 ± 3.22 and 48.5 ± 8.28 ml.kg-1.min-1; Pmax: 675.0 ± 149.6 and 458.4 ± 88.62 W), were submitted to three evaluation sessions: sample characterization (1st session); SRT - Reaction Time Task v.2.0, V ? V ? O2max, and Pmax - Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (2nd session); official Orienteering test (3rd session). Results of comparison (Student’s T-test) and relation (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression) tests showed significant relationships between independent variables and performance. Pmax presented strong predictive power in the male group (41%), followed by SRT (32%) and V ? V ? O2max (27%). In the female group, SRT was the most predictive variable (54%), followed by V ? V ? O2max (32%) and Pmax (12%). These findings indicated that SRT, V ? V ? O2max, and Pmax are variables predictive of performance in recreational category A orienteers. Specifically in recreational orienteers with high cardiorespiratory capacities, Pmax seems to be the mainpredictor variable. Conversely, SRT becomes the variable with the greatest predictive power.
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Lassen, Tue A. H., Lars Lindstrøm, Simon Lønbro, and Klavs Madsen. "Increased Performance in Elite Runners Following Individualized Timing of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0352.
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The present study investigated individualized sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3−) supplementation in elite orienteers and its effects on alkalosis and performance in a simulated sprint orienteering competition. Twenty-one Danish male and female elite orienteers (age = 25.2 ± 3.6 years, height = 176.4 ± 10.9 cm, body mass = 66.6 ± 7.9 kg) were tested twice in order to identify individual time to peak blood bicarbonate (HCO3− peak) following supplementation of 0.3 g/kg body mass NaHCO3 with and without warm-up. The athletes also performed two 3.5 km time-trial runs (TT-runs) following individualized timing of NaHCO3 supplementation (SBS) or placebo (PLA) on separate days in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. The occurrence of individual peak HCO3− and pH ranged from 60 to 180 min. Mean HCO3− and pH in SBS were significantly higher compared with PLA 10 min before and following the TT-run (p < .01). SBS improved overall performance in the 3.5 km TT-run by 6 s compared with PLA (775.5 ± 16.2 s vs. 781.4 ± 16.1 s, respectively; p < .05). SBS improved performance in the last half of the TT-run compared with PLA (p < .01). In conclusion, supplementation with NaHCO3 followed by warm-up resulted in individualized alkalosis peaks ranging from 60 to 180 min. Individualized timing of SBS in elite orienteers induced significant alkalosis before and after a 3.5 km TT and improved overall performance time by 6 s, which occurred in the last half of the time trial. The present data show that the anaerobic buffer system is important for performance in these types of endurance events lasting 12–15 min.
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Jakobsson, Johan, A. Lennart Julin, Glenn Persson, and Christer Malm. "Darwinian Selection Discriminates Young Athletes: the Relative Age Effect in Relation to Sporting Performance." Sports Medicine - Open 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00300-2.
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Abstract Background The relative age effect (RAE) is a worldwide phenomenon, allowing sport participation and elite selection to be based on birthdate distribution. Negative consequences include both a narrow, non-optimal elite selection and negative health effects on entire populations. This study investigated the RAE and athletic performance in multiple individual sports in Sweden. Methods Birthdates of athletes born between the years 1922 and 2015 were collected across 4-month periods (tertiles: T1, T2, T3) from cross-country skiing (N = 136,387), orienteering (N = 41,164), athletics (N = 14,503), alpine skiing (N = 508), E-sports (N = 47,030), and chess (N = 4889). In total, data from 244,560 athletes (women: N = 79,807, men: N = 164,753) was compared to the complete parent population of 5,390,954 births in Sweden during the same years. Chi-squared statistics compared parent and cohort distributions stratified by sport, sex, and age. Results A significantly skewed distribution of birthdates was present in all sports, both sexes, and most age groups. The largest RAEs are seen in children where T1 often constitutes 40–50% and T3, 20–25% of the population. In E-sports, an inversed RAE was seen in adults. In most investigated sports, birthdate distribution was correlated to performance in children but not in adults. Conclusions Skewed birthdate distributions were consistently prevalent in all investigated individual sports in Sweden, both physically demanding and cognitive/skill-based. As sport participation is related to total level of physical activity, both present and future, failing to address the RAE issue at an early age will result not only in a narrow and arbitrary selection for adult elite athletes but also in a negative impact on public health.
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Haddadzadeh Hendou, Farid. "Investigating the impact of government tax policies on the performance of small and medium enterprises of West Azarbaijan with considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial orienteering." Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, August 14, 2019, 160–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/0.v0i0.1625.
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Guseva, O., O. Guseva, O. Mamaeva, N. Pavlova, D. Pavlov, M. Mitusova, A. Podlesov, et al. "P1572 The role of 3D echocardiography in the evaluation of left ventricular remodeling." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez319.992.
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Abstract Purpose to assess the left ventricular (LV) remodeling with using transthoracic 3D Echo and MRI in young athletes. Materials for the period from October 2015 to April 2018, 88 athletes (61 men and 27 women) were examined. Mean age was 20.8 ± 3.9 years. Group A (professionals) – 65 athletes (4 or more training days a week, experience in sports for at least 7 years, the presence of at least the 1st sports category). Group B (Amateurs) – 23 athletes (3 or less training days a week). By types of loads were identified 4 groups: 1st - high-static, low-dynamic (climbing); 2nd - medium-static, medium-dynamic (volleyball, Rugby, sports dancing); 3rd - medium-static, high-dynamic (badminton, orienteering, hockey); 4th - high-static, high-dynamic (triathlon, water polo, rowing). Methods 2D-, 3D-Echo was performed on Vivid E9 XDclear 4D (GE, USA). With the help of software package for processing 3D arrays (4D auto LVQ and 4D Strain and LV-mass) in automatic and semi-automatic mode was obtained end diastolic and end systolic volumes (EDV, ESV), ejection fraction (EF) and LV mass. The device was used for MRI - Avanto (Siemens) - 1.5 T, using: sensors for breathing and synchronization with ECG, standard surface coil Body Matrix. Visualization of the mobile myocardium was carried out by SSFP protocols in standard two-and four-chamber view, as well as on the short axis. In addition, the black-blood Protocol was performed in axial projection for visualization of mediastinal organs and chest. Evaluation of the results was performed on a workstation Syngo Via VB10B (Siemens) using a worker thread MR Cardiac analisis. Results There were significant differences in the types of loads (p < 0.001): 22% of men in Group B had 1st type, 2nd type - 78% of men and 93% of women in group B, 3rd type - 45% of men and 36% of women in group A, 4th type - 39% of men and 21% of women in group A. In the evaluation of LV remodeling and its relationship with the type of loads revealed significant differences (p < 0.01): 87.5% had LV remodeling (95.4% - aggregate type load 1, 2, 3), 6.8% - concentric remodeling (21.7% of all type 4), and 4.5% eccentric hypertrophy (8.7% of all type 4), 1.1 per cent of concentric hypertrophy (4.4% of all type 4). Consequently, most athletes with loads of type 4 had different types of LV remodeling. Comparing 3D Echo and MRI, high-grade positive correlations were obtained in indicators: EDV (R 0.82, p < 0.0001), ESV (R 0.80, p < 0.0001), LV mass (R 0.85, p < 0.0001), as well as moderate positive the index of EDV (R 0.54, p < 0.037) and unreliable for the EF. Conclusions three-dimensional visualization allows to carry out a reliable assessment of the volumetric parameters of the heart chambers, comparable with MRI data and to identify the signs and type of LV remodeling. Requires further study of the performance of 3D Echo in athletes, given the lack of normative data on the modern stage.