Academic literature on the topic 'Orientalist discourse constructions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Orientalist discourse constructions"
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Jung, Dietrich. "Edward Said, Michel Foucault og det essentialistiske islambillede." Dansk Sociologi 20, no. 3 (September 3, 2009): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v20i3.3081.
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Edward Saids Orientalism blev kendt som en anvendt udgave af Michel Foucaults diskursteori. Said hævdede at være inspireret af især Foucaults Archaeology of Knowledge og Discipline and Punish i sine analyser af det essentialiserede islambillede i orientalistikken. Med udgangspunkt i Saids hævdede inspiration fra Foucault kritiserer denne artikel Orientalism’s teoretiske ramme fra et sociologisk perspektiv. Dermed følger artiklen Sadik al-Azm’s argument, at Said ikke havde øje for det fænomen, som al-Azm kaldte ”orientalism in reverse”: Islamistiske og arabisk-nationalistiske tænkeres anvendelse af orientalistiske begreber i deres egne ideologiske konstruktioner. Artiklen argumenterer for, at Said som selv-erklæret foucaultianer burde have været opmærksom på diskursers reciprokke magt. Efterfølgende vises hvordan orientalister og islamister var tæt forbundne i den diskursformation, hvorfra det essentialiserede islambillede opstod.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Dietrich Jung: Edward Said, Michel Foucault and the Essentialist Image of Islam
Edward Said’s Orientalism became known as an applied version of Michel Foucault’s discourse theory. In analyzing the essentialist image of Islam as a core feature in Orientalist scholarship, Said claimed to be inspired by the work of Foucault, in particular by his Archaeology of Knowledge and Discipline and Punish. In using Said’s claim as a point of departure, this article criticizes the theoretical framework of Orientalism from a sociological perspective. Doing so, it examines Sadik al-Azm’s argument that Said had a blind eye to a phenomenon which al-Azm called “Orientalism in reverse”: the self-applications of Orientalist concepts in the ideological constructions of both Islamist and Arab Nationalist thinkers. The article argues that taking Foucault’s theoretical position seriously, Said should have been aware of the reciprocal power of discourses in shaping this essentialist image of Islam. The article then analyzes the phenomenon of “Orientalism in reverse” from a Foucauldian perspective, and shows the ways in which Orientalists and Islamists were closely knit together in a discursive formation from which the essentialist image of Islam emerged.
Key words: Michel Foucault, Edward Said, Orientalism in Reverse, Ernest Renan, Islamic Reform.
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Salhi, Zahia Smail. "The Arab World and the Occident: Toward the Construction of an Occidentalist Discourse." مجلة كلية الشريعة و الدراسات الإسلامية 39, no. 2 (October 2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2021.0306.
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Purpose: This article aims to engage in a meaningful discussion of Occidentalism as a discourse that draws its roots from Orientalism. It scrutinizes the limitations of Occidentalism in investigating the East-West encounter from the perspective of Orientals (Arab intellectuals) and the multifarious ways the latter relate to and imagine the Occident. It will cast a critical eye on the multiple and diverse constructions of Occidentalism as a discourse, arguing that unlike Orientalism, which homogenizes the Orient, Occidentalism does not Occidentalize/homogenize the Occident. Methodology: We take as a starting point Edward Said’s definition of Orientalism as a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident’, and we explore the limitations and the possibilities of Occidentalism as a method to construe the colonial mechanisms of misrepresentation of the Other as everything different from the Self. This article compares and contrasts a plethora of existing definitions of Occidentalism as formulated by scholars from both the Arab world and the Occident. Findings: This paper concludes that the Oriental’s encounter with the Occident cannot, and should not, be projected as a reverse relationship, or, as some claim, as an ‘Orientalism in reverse’. Instead, it should be projected as a diverse set of relationships of Orientals who have experienced the Occident in a variety of manners. Furthermore, while Orientalism derives from a particular closeness experienced between the Occident and its Orient, often through real or imagined encounters, Occidentalism is also the outcome of a long cultural relationship between the Orient and its Occident. What differs between the Orient and Occident, however, is the position of power and hegemony, which characterizes the Occident’s encounter with the Orient. Originality: This article takes an all-inclusive view to discuss the term Occidentalism from the perspectives of both the Orient and the Occident. It teases out the limitations of this term. It challenges Orientalist methods of misrepresentation, which continues to blemish the Arab world and its discourse of Occidentalism as a discourse of hatred of the Occident. Furthermore, through the discussion of Alloula’s Oriental Harem, it offers insight into the suggested Occidentalism method, which emphasizes the disfigurations of the Orient while tactfully writing back to the Occident.
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Andreouli, Eleni, and Caroline Howarth. "Everyday Cosmopolitanism in Representations of Europe among Young Romanians in Britain." Sociology 53, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518777693.
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The article presents an analysis of everyday cosmopolitanism in constructions of Europe among young Romanian nationals living in Britain. Adopting a social representations approach, cosmopolitanism is understood as a cultural symbolic resource that is part of everyday knowledge. Through a discursively oriented analysis of focus group data, we explore the ways in which notions of cosmopolitanism intersect with images of Europeanness in the accounts of participants. We show that, for our participants, representations of Europe are anchored in an Orientalist schema of West-vs.-East, whereby the West is seen as epitomising European values of modernity and progress, while the East is seen as backward and traditional. Our findings further show that representations of cosmopolitanism reinforce this East/West dichotomy, within a discourse of ‘Occidental cosmopolitanism’. The article concludes with a critical discussion of the diverse and complex ideological foundations of these constructions of European cosmopolitanism and their implications.
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El Bakkali, Abdelaaziz, and Tayeb Ghourdou. "The Western Framing of the Female Captive: A Hermeneutic Study of Captivity in Morocco." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 1, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2022.1.5.21.
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The study of the Western consumption of the female captive remains central to the circulation of cultural and social constructions in the mainstream visual and literary texts. Due to the massive upsurge of such constructs, the hermeneutic study of the existing images about captivity in the East has stipulated new perspectives into the production of these substantial messages that determine genuine challenges to the preexisting canonical view of cultural representations. As many scholars have advanced critics about the female images in many narratives, Western cinema has shown significant portraits of the female which draws an orientalist design of a discursive discourse, introducing extreme exoticness of both pleasures and destruction. With the promise to deconstruct the captive portraits of the female identity, this paper discusses the circulation of such images, explaining why they exist, offering some solutions, as well as offering an analysis of their possible impact on the public. Given the damaging misperceptions that exist as a result of their circulation and consumption, this paper fills a much-needed research gap by asking the following research questions. How does the circulation of these images reproduce issues of femininity and captivity? How do visuals reinvent the literary tradition to depict the female captive in the orientalist discourse? By answering these questions, the paper attempts to examine the issue of representation by adopting a cultural studies approach, relying specifically on qualitative content analysis to reveal alternative possibilities of some of the Western perceptions. The rationale behind this approach lies in the fact that cultural studies bash to study all aspects of cultures without canonizing some artifacts at the expense of others.
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Sajjad, Tazreena. "What’s in a name? ‘Refugees’, ‘migrants’ and the politics of labelling." Race & Class 60, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396818793582.
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Through a critical examination of European immigration policy and using the case of Afghan asylum seekers in the European continent, this article argues that the politics of labelling and the criminalisation and securitisation of migration undermine the protection framework for the globally displaced. However, the issue goes deeper than state politicking to circumvent responsibilities under international law. The construction of migrants as victims at best, and as cultural and security threats at worst, particularly in the case of Muslim refugees, not only assists in their dehumanisation, it also legitimises actions taken against them through the perpetuation of a particular discourse on the European Self and the non-European Other. At one level, such a dynamic underscores the long-standing struggle of Europe to articulate its identity within the economic, demographic and cultural anxieties produced by the dynamics of globalisation. At another, these existing constructions, which hierarchise ‘worthiness’, are limited in their reflection of the complex realities that force people to seek refuge. Simultaneously, the labels, and the discourse of which they are part, make it possible for Europe to deny asylum claims and expedite deportations while being globally accepted as a human rights champion. This process also makes it possible for Europe to categorise turbulent contexts such as Afghanistan as a ‘safe country’, even at a time when the global refugee protection regime demands creative expansion. Ultimately, the politics of European migration policy illustrates the evolution of European Orientalist discourse – utilised in the past to legitimise colonisation and domination, now used to legitimise incarceration and deportation.
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Wissam, Bitari. "Feminist Occidentalist Discourse in ‘Shehrazad Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems’ by Fatima Mernissi." Feminist Research 5, no. 2 (October 22, 2021): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.21050201.
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Occidental discourses tend to revise orientalist images about the orient. Many authors have taken the responsibility of giving a new voice to the occident and among those is Fatima Mernissi. In this regard, this paper aims at discussing the shift that has marked the writings of Fatima Mernissi with a particular focus on her book, ‘Shehrazad Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems’. It is undeniable that Fatima Mernissi‘s thoughts have known a radical change in terms of ideology and discourse. ‘Shehrazad Goes West’ seems to promote an Occidentalist discourse that isn’t based on appropriating orientalist rhetorical images of the orient but rather on revising/ reconsidering the tropes of essentialism, dehumanization and fixity that Orientalist texts usually opt for. From an auto-orientalist discourse that Mernissi advocated in her narrative Dreams of Trespass, we move to another discourse that manifests itself in ‘Shehrazad Goes West’, which is Occidentalism. In this article, based on a postcolonial feminist approach, I argue that Fatima Mernissi uses another approach of occidentalism in her construction of Western gender relations and the space of Western Harem. Instead of constructing a counter-hegemonic discourse to orientalism that based on misrepresenting the “other” and denying their voices, Eastern representation of the West in ‘Shehrazad Goes West’ does not keep with the same rhetoric of orientalism; rather it dismantles that logic which victimized people of the East and replaces it with a humane vocabulary. Moreover, the Occidentalist approach appropriated in the book does not only target the occident but also the orient resulting on what Abdelkbir Khatibi calls “double critiques”. The significance of this paper lies in highlighting such a potentially inclusive and democratic discourse that would counterbalance the politics of othering inherent in the discourse of orientalism.
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Bourenane, Abderrahmene. "Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992)." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00021_1.
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Since the first encounters between the East and the West, many Western artistic productions have been produced to introduce the Orient to the Occident. Antoine Galland’s translation of the oriental folkloric tales, known as One Thousand and One Nights marked a cultural transfer through introducing an exotic, colourful and adventurous, yet unsafe, life-threatening and mysterious image of the Orient. Scholars question the authenticity of the translation, and reject the true belonging of the tale of Aladdin’s Wonderful Lamp to the oriental cultural heritage suggesting its Western construction. This fabrication suggests the existence of several discourses that are to be unfolded with the critical discourse analysis of the pictorial and textual discourse of the tale and its several filmic adaptations. The tale was fully or partially adapted in several cinematographic productions during the last century. For example, while Aladin (1906) faithfully adapted part of the original tale, the 1992 version directed by Clements and Musker is a loosely inspiration perceived through an orientalist filter. The aim of this article is to investigate the authenticity and disclose the discourses concealed in Galland’s translation and its 1992 filmic adaptation, the critical discourse analysis in addition to Edward Saïd’s Orientalism provide the theoretical framework to analyse the excerpts from the translation and scenes from the film, in order to disclose the colonial, orientalist and feminist discourses they encapsulate.
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Kazamias, Alexander. "Dependence and transposition: Orientalist representations of the Arabs in modern Greek culture." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc_00056_1.
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This article analyses Greek orientalism towards the Arabs from the end of the eighteenth to the late twentieth century. It examines an extensive body of texts, beginning with Adamantios Korais’ rallying call for Bonaparte’s invasion of Egypt and ending with the post-Suez attacks on Nasser’s anti-colonial policies by leading post-war Greek writers. The analysis approaches the representations of the Arabs as a branch of a wider Greek orientalist discourse that, for the most part, has focused historically on the Turks. In so doing, it conceptualizes Greek orientalism as partly a ‘borrowed construction’, internalized in Greek discourse from European colonial ideology, and partly as an articulation of what Edward Said has called an imperial ‘structure of feeling’, which in the case of Greece emanates from the irredentist/neo-Byzantine expansionist vision of Megali Idea. The analysis deploys the concepts of ‘internalized’ and ‘transposed orientalism’ to denote a process whereby a particular culture, like that of modern Greece, which is itself the object of western orientalist depiction, first embraces this demeaning image of itself and then, in an attempt to mitigate it, projects it in upon other neighbouring cultures that are perceived to be inferior to or less ‘westernized’ than its own. Finally, the article examines the role of Egyptian-Greek writers in the construction of this discourse as cultural mediators who, in contrast to other Greek thinkers and artists, had a direct experience of interacting with modern Arab culture.
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Johnston, Andrew James. "Chaucer‘s Postcolonial Renaissance." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 91, no. 2 (September 2015): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.91.2.1.
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This article investigates how Chaucer‘s Knight‘s and Squire‘s tales critically engage with the Orientalist strategies buttressing contemporary Italian humanist discussions of visual art. Framed by references to crusading, the two tales enter into a dialogue focusing, in particular, on the relations between the classical, the scientific and the Oriental in trecento Italian discourses on painting and optics, discourses that are alluded to in the description of Theseus Theatre and the events that happen there. The Squire‘s Tale exhibits what one might call a strategic Orientalism designed to draw attention to the Orientalism implicit in his fathers narrative, a narrative that, for all its painstaking classicism, displays both remarkably Italianate and Orientalist features. Read in tandem, the two tales present a shrewd commentary on the exclusionary strategies inherent in the construction of new cultural identities, arguably making Chaucer the first postcolonial critic of the Renaissance.
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Chagnon, Nicholas. "It’s a Problem of Culture (for Them): Orientalist Framing in News on Violence Against Women." Race and Justice 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2018): 480–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368718768374.
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This research examines chronological patterns in the social construction of violence against women in the United States and abroad as represented by coverage in the New York Times. It is found that while criminal justice–oriented discourse dominates coverage, the news is less often applying a social problem frame to violence against women occurring in the United States and increasingly linking such violence to culture when it happens in Islamic societies. Thus, coverage contributes to cultural acceptance of an Orientalist binary that juxtaposes “progressive” Western nations with “backward” Eastern ones. Such a finding is consistent with feminist scholarship on Orientalism and discourse surrounding violence against women. This article concludes by considering how such Orientalism serves contemporary neoliberal governmentality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orientalist discourse constructions"
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Düstersiek, Milena. "Somalia the Orient? : A Discourse Analysis of European Construction of Somali Identity." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18516.
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This thesis focus on European construction of Somali identity. Using a discourse analysis in combination with Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism, this study examines the three main European Council Documents that set the foundation for the EU’s military and political intervention in the Horn of Africa in general, and Somalia specifically. The analysis investigates how Somalia is being imagined within these documents and how this European identity construction can be understood as an Orientalist discourse. The outcome of the analysis show that the construction of Somalia within this limited scope, the European discourse can indeed be read as an Orientalist discourse. In the analyzed documents Somalia is generally constructed as a dangerous, possibly threatening physical entity, which is juxtaposed to the EU which is identified as a realm of peace and compliance to universal norms and values. Hence, this discourse is implying a certain hierarchy in which Europe has a more privileged position than Somalia. Furthermore, the analysis concludes that the European response can be also read as based on a liberal peace discourse which carries the risk to perpetuate Orientalist stereotyping and the construction of Orientalist identities.
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Boström, Svante, and Oskar Byström. "Making China : En diskursanalys av svenska tidningars konstruktion av Kina." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200937.
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Uppsatsen syftar till att studera svenska tidningars rapportering om Kina och klarlägga hur bilden av Kina konstrueras i tidningarna. Detta görs genom en diskursanalys av artiklar från tre av Sveriges största dagstidningar. Både teori och metod har sin utgångspunkt i Laclau & Mouffes diskursteori. Valet av artiklar grundar sig i att artiklarna på ett eller annat vis handlat om, eller tagit upp Kina och därigenom hjälpt till att konstruera en bild av landet. I analysen har det insamlade materialet sorterats in i tre olika teman utifrån vad artiklarna berör, dessa teman är, ekonomi, politik, och orientalism. De två första innefattar artiklar om Kinas ekonomiska och politiska förfarande. I det tredje temat, orientalism, innehåller artiklar där landet och dess invånare framställs som ”Den andre”, motsatsen till väst. Resultatet visar att de tre utvalda tidningarnas likartade rapportering kring de olika temana skapar en enhetlig bild av Kina. Det är den liberala demokratin och marknadsekonomins hegemoniska position som genomsyrar samtliga tidningars konstruktion av Kina.This essay aims to study how Swedish newspapers are constructing China textually. This is done by a discourse analysis of articles from three of the biggest newspapers in Sweden. The essays theoretical and methodical background stems from Laclau & Mouffe’s discourse theory. The selection of newspaper articles is based on the simple fact that they are written about China or that they mention China, and thereby helps to construct an image of the country. In the analysis of the gathered articles, the material has been sorted into three different themes depending on what the subject matter of the articles was. The themes are economics, politics, and orientalism. The first two themes address Chinas economic and political actions. The third theme, orientalism, includes articles where the country and its inhabitants are portrayed as “the other”, the opposite to the western world. The results show that the three newspapers selected all portray the same things in regards to the different themes that helps create a unified image of China. It is the liberal democracy and the market economy’s hegemonic position that permeates the reporting on China in the newspapers.
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Rasul, K. M. "The archaeology of history : An analytical study examining the strategy of the historical construction of the images and concepts of the other in the context of colonialist/orientalist discourse." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380557.
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Lee, Daphnee Hui Lin. "From Cradle to Playpen: the management of Chineseness in developmental state Singapore." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49385.
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The way Chineseness is managed by the state in ethnic Chinese majority nations is examined as a late-industrializing initiative. Using Singapore as the case study, identifications with Chineseness were studied for the key themes within late-industrializing discourse constructions. Chinese Singaporean respondents were asked for their interpretation of Chineseness in relation to their Western expatriate and Chinese mainlander colleagues. In some cases, Orientalist constructions emerged. This inquiry found the moderating factors of Orientalist discourse replications to be the respondent’s childhood socioeconomic background and linguistic primacy. The findings lent insights to the persistence of Orientalist constructions amongst individuals in late-industrializing societies. Insights as to how late-industrializing discourses constructions are moderated by factors distinctive from first-mover ones were sought. These insights enrich the theoretical framework of nation branding studies, a recent offshoot of nation studies with a marketing slant. Sociological considerations on the reproduction of late-industrializing predispositions were integrated through the concept of marcotted developmentalism. Marcotted developmentalism is advanced as the thesis’ conceptual framework. It explains the mediation of the late-industrializing landscape by two distinctive features. Firstly, ethnic management initiatives communicate the urgency of accelerated economic development amongst late-industrializing societies. Secondly, it emphasizes the presence of dual hegemony (i.e. Western dominance and Chinese ascendency) within the late-industrializing political economy.
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Aziz, Rahil, and Pontus Malmebo. "Individ eller kollektiv : En kritisk diskursanalys kring svensk press framställningar av muslimer respektive icke-muslimer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126355.
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The Western world’s view of Muslims became more negative after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. International as well as Swedish studies show how negative attitudes towards Muslims increased after the attack. This study analyses discourses regarding Muslims and non-Muslims in Swedish press in relation to two terrorist attacks. This is done by a critical discourse analysis on three newspapers reports on the terrorist attack in Oslo and Utøya 2011 and the terrorist attack on the headquarters of magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris 2015. The study uses social constructionism and Orientalism as a theoretical framework. Study results show more differences than similarities in the portrayal of the offenders. Main findings include that Breivik was portrayed as an individual, unlike the Kouachi brothers who were portrayed as part of a larger group as well as the fact that the brothers in a high degree were linked to Islam. The study concludes that Swedish press differentiates Muslim and non-Muslim perpetrators. Media affect people’s actions and thoughts and ought to affect how authorities treat this group and it’s therefore important for social workers to be critical of media reporting’s in order to meet clients individually, rather than in a generalising manner.
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Swan, Hannah R. "Corpus Intactum: La Subversion Corpotextuelle Féminine des Constructions de Dualité et d'Objectivité du Discours Colonialiste dans "Le Pied de momie" et "Le Roman de la momie" de Théophile Gautier." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/637.
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In “Corpus Intactum,” I explore the possibility for the subversion of dominant orientalist narratives in Théophile Gautier’s short story “Le Pied de momie” and his later novel, “Le Roman de la momie”. I propose that Gautier’s works demonstrate the beginnings of colonialist critique, but that his capacity for subversion is ultimately hampered by the constraints of popular orientalist discourse. I argue, nevertheless, that through a figurative conflation of the feminine mummified body with the text that at once writes her and exists within her own narrative, Gautier is able to subvert the systems of domination within orientalist academic discourse. The body also becomes a site at which binaries are confronted and transcended. Finally, I explore the possibility for the creation of new marginal readings through the displacement of narrative perspective by comparing the effects of first-person narrative in “Le Pied de momie” with the impersonal, omniscient narration of “Le Roman de la momie.”
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Ivanoff, Johanna, and Amanda Andersson. "Constructing 'the Other': A Study of Cultural Representation in English Language Textbooks." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33542.
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Educational textbooks have the power to influence pupils’ perception of the world. In the subject of English, this specifically concerns learning about cultures in different parts of the world where English is used. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of cultural representation in two English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks with the aim to make the hidden curriculum visible and to raise awareness among publishing houses and teachers. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on Fairclough’s (2001) three-dimensional model in combination with Barthes’ (1977) Visual Semiotics methodology, we investigated which regions and countries were presented and how their cultures were constructed through texts and images. These findings were further compared to the cultural values and content of the Swedish curriculum, the genre of textbooks, and existing hegemonic discourses in society. In the analysis, Kachru’s (1986) Circles of World Englishes, Machin and Mayr’s (2012) toolkit for CDA, McKay’s (2010) interpretation of Anderson’s (1983) imagined communities, and Said’s (2003) concept of Orientalism were applied. Our findings show that the inner circle dominates and is depicted as superior in contrast to the outer and expanding circles. Although the textbooks include a variation of different cultures which is in line with the curriculum, representation of the outer and expanding circles is often stereotypical and underdeveloped which reinforces hegemonic discourses instead of acting to restructure them. This corresponds to previous studies in the genre, and hence, educators must work to ensure that the hidden curriculum in ELT textbooks is continuously made visible and challenged.
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Barrère, Françoise. "Une communication/un marketing politique et les représentations de "la Catalanité" dans le département des Pyrénées Orientales." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30001.
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L’objet de cette recherche est la communication institutionnelle que le conseil général des Pyrénées-Orientales - rebaptisé depuis 2015 « conseil départemental » - a mis en circulation à partir de 1998, et qui reste aujourd’hui encore en vigueur dans le département. Depuis les lois dites de décentralisation (1982), les acteurs politiques locaux qui gouvernent les collectivités territoriales ont bien saisi l’importance des enjeux - tout autant économiques/touristiques que symboliques et politiques - d’une patrimonialisation favorisant la construction d’une identité territoriale. Pour les collectivités dont le territoire recouvre une entité sociolinguistique (socio-historique et linguistique), cette construction identitaire va pouvoir s’ancrer à la langue minorée, qui devient "le vecteur [privilégié] du patrimoine culturel immatériel" (UNESCO, 2003) « local ».La communication-marketing du conseil général des P.O. opte donc pour le concept-clé de « la Catalanité ». La campagne promotionnelle crée des supports médiatiques spécifiques, qui mettent en scène et affichent une « Catalanité » offrant à la collectivité territoriale et à son président la garantie d’un label.Mais ce marketing politique s’inscrit dans la situation de conflit diglossique franco-catalan. S’il a à cœur d’afficher une spécificité identitaire catalane pour promouvoir l’attractivité du territoire, il construit/reconstruit l’interdiscours dominant en s’appuyant immanquablement sur des représentations sociolinguistiques qui l’inscrivent dans la dynamique conflictuelle diglossique. En partant d’observations très « micro », qui examinent les moyens verbaux et les stratégies discursives mises en œuvre par cette parole institutionnelle, on rejoint la perspective « macro » sociolinguistique en montrant qu’ils participent de fonctionnements diglossiques et contribuent à l’idéologisation du conflit diglossique franco-catalan.L’analyse s’inscrit au carrefour de la sociolinguistique « périphérique » et de l’analyse argumentative du discours ; elle emprunte certains de ses outils à la linguistique praxématique. Cependant la spécificité pluridisciplinaire de l’objet d’étude l’a conduite à un « bricolage » scientifique intégrant également les approches de la science politique, de l’économie-marketing, des sciences de l’information et de la communication ou encore de la psychologie socialeThe purpose of this research is the institutional communication that the "conseil général" of Eastern Pyrenees – renamed since 2015 « departmental council » - initiated from 1998 and still valid today in the department. Since the Decentralization Acts (1982), the local political actors who rule the territorial collectivities fully grasped the importance of the challenges - which are both economic/touristic and symbolic/political - related to patrimonialization supporting the construction of a territorial identity. For the communities which territory includes a sociolinguistic entity (socio-historical and linguistic), this identity construction will base itself on the undervalued language. It then becomes the local “[privileged] immaterial cultural heritage vector” (UNESCO, 2003). The marketing policy of "Conseil général" of the Eastern Pyrenees thus chooses the key-concept of “la Catalanité”.The promotion campaign creates specific media tools, which display a “Catalanité” concept providing the territorial collectivity and its president the warranty of a label. But this political marketing fits into the "franco-catalan" diglossic conflict situation. If it’s eager to display a specific Catalan identity to promote an attractive territory, it builds/rebuilds the dominant interdiscourse inevitably resting over sociolinguistic representations. They register it within diglossic conflict dynamics. From very “micro” observations, examining the verbal means and the discursive strategies activated by this institutional discourse, one gets to the “macro” sociolinguistic prospect by showing their part in diglossic operations and also in the diglossic ideologization of the "franco-catalan" conflict. The analysis is located at the crossroads of the “peripheral” sociolinguistics and of the argumentative discourse analysis; it borrows some of its tools from praxematic linguistics. However the multi field specificity of the object of study led it to a scientific “making up”. It also integrates the approaches of political science, marketing-economics, social psychology or communication and information sciences
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Svalfors, Ulrika. "Andlighetens ordning : En diskursiv läsning av tidskriften Pilgrim." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9503.
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This thesis takes as its point of departure the question "is there a connection between ordinary Swedish Christianity and the extreme forms of various examples?". As a way of concidering possible connections, a "normal" spiritual context in the Swedish setting is studied: the Christian magazine "Pilgrim. A magazine for spiritual guidance". The book presents an investigation of the magazine and its notion of spirituality over a period of twelve years (1994-2006). Questions that guide the investigation are: Which are the fundamental notions of spirituality in the magazine? How can someone be spiritual due to the magazine? Which are the bodily norms which are assumed when it comes to gender, sexuality, ethnicity and class? Which connections between the normal and the extreme in contemporary Swedish spirituality can an investigation of Pilgrim as an example of "ordinary" spirituality reveal? The work is carried out as a discursive reading of Pilgrim with the help of Michel Foucault and his notion of "discourse". Furthermore some of the insights from the feminist discussion on so called "intersectionality" are used to widen the methodological scope. More specifically, the magazine is approached as a single textual surface. After qualification of the rules of the discourse, they are applied to identify the discursive formation of Pilgrim. By analyzing the strategies which constitute spiritual guidance, the forms of spirituality (subject positions) that the magazine constructs are revealed. The way that social categories - gender, sexuality, ethinicity, class - are characterized in the magazine reinforce heteronormativity, orientalism and a class-structure. Through the magazine social categories function together with other vital categories in a way that the outcome is one and only construction of the ordinary subject: i.e. the western rich man as a spiritual subject. In conclusion this study suggest that ideas about spiritual growth that flourish in an ordinary Christian cultural and intellectual environment (exemplified by the magazine Pilgrim), like ideas of resistance against the postmodern world and society's superficiality, might have a structure that can be found also in more extreme Christian contexts, and, more importantly, as a part of the problematic of these extreme examples. The extreme resides in the ordinary, and the ordinary resides in the extreme. There seems to be an order of notions, of subjects and of bodies: the Order of Spirituality.
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Rudbøg, Tim. "H.P. Blavatsky's Theosophy in context : the construction of meaning in modern Western esotericism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9926.
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H.P. Blavatsky’s (1831-1891) Theosophy has been defined as central to the history of modern Western spirituality and esotericism, yet to this date no major study has mapped and analysed the major themes of Blavatsky’s writings, how Blavatsky used the concept ‘Theosophy’ or to what extent she was engaged with the intellectual contexts of her time. Thus the purpose of this thesis is to fill this gap. The proposed theoretical framework is based on the centrality of language in the production of intellectual products, such as texts—but contrary to the dominant focus on strategies, rhetoric and power this thesis will focus on the construction of meaning coupled with a set of methodological tools based on contextual analysis, intellectual history and intertextuality. In addition to an overview of Blavatsky research this thesis will map and analyse Blavatsky’s use of the concept ‘Theosophy’ as well as Blavatsky’s primary discourses, identified as: (1) discourse for ancient knowledge, (2) discourse against Christian dogmatism, (3) discourse against the modern natural sciences and materialism, (4) discourse against modern spiritualism, (5) discourse for system and (7) discourse for universal brotherhood. In mapping and analysing Blavatsky’s discourses, it was found that her construction of meaning was significantly interconnected with broader intellectual contexts, such as ‘modern historical consciousness’, ‘critical enlightenment ideas’, studies in religion, studies in mythology, the modern sciences, spiritualism, systemic philosophy, reform movements and practical ethics. It, for example, becomes clear that Blavatsky’s search for an ancient ‘Wisdom Religion’ was actually a part of a common intellectual occupation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and that her critique of the Christian dogmas was equally a common intellectual trend. To read Blavatsky’s discourses as the idiosyncratic strategies of an esotericist, isolated from their larger contexts or only engaged with them in order to legitimise minority views would therefore largely fail to account for the result of this thesis: that in historical actuality, they were a part of the larger cultural web of meaning.
Books on the topic "Orientalist discourse constructions"
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Goebel, Rolf J. Constructing China: Kafka's orientalist discourse. Columbia, SC, USA: Camden House, 1997.
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Rajner, Mirjam. The Orient in Jewish Artistic Creativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the “Oriental” theme and self-Orientalization among Jewish artists such as Samuel Hirszenberg and Leopold Pilichowski. In postcolonial discourse, the Western imagining of the Orient is often understood as being part of a pejorative and politically charged ideology known as Orientalism. More recently, the art-historical approach has revealed that Orientalist art does not only comprise works that reflect a Western or European construction of the “other,” but also the Oriental response to Western culture and modernization. The chapter considers the “Oriental” works of Maurycy Gottlieb as an expression of an emerging alignment of Jewish artists with modernism and universalism. It also discusses the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna and Gottlieb’s encounter with the Orient before concluding with the argument that the unexpected, imaginative abandonment and self-fashioning by Jewish artists as non-European “others” might be a Jewish version of European Orientalism, which found expression in the art of Gottlieb.
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Feldman, Leah. On the Threshold of Eurasia. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501726507.001.0001.
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On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus explores the idea of the Russian and Soviet “East” as a political, aesthetic and scientific system of ideas that contributed to the construction of Soviet discourses of ethnicity, empire, and literary modernity during the tumultuous first two decades of the twentieth century, from 1905 to 1929. It exposes connections between literary works, political essays, and orientalist history, geography, and ethnology written by Russian and Azeri Turkic Muslim writers and thinkers, many of whom have been unknown to Anglophone readers until now. Tracing translations and intertextual engagements across Russia, the Caucasus and western Europe, this book offers an alternative vision of empire, modernity and anti-imperialism from the vantage point of cosmopolitan centers in the Russian empire and Soviet Union. In this way, On the Threshold of Eurasia illustrates the pivotal impact of the literature of the Caucasus and the former Soviet periphery more broadly on the monumental aesthetic and political shifts of the early twentieth century.
Book chapters on the topic "Orientalist discourse constructions"
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Özdemir, Emel. "The Otherization of Turkey in the Orientalist Discourse." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 799–817. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch045.
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This chapter aims to make out how the orientalism that dominates and that reshapes the East as Western discourse affects the construction of Turkish image that is influenced by the new orientalism process, and how it has changed with the media. By studying the news and images about Turkey, it is purposed to analyze whether the otherization of Turkey in orientalist discourse that is generally established with different kinds of many bad images, expressions from past to now is still alive with all the images, discourses, expressions in the media, or whether it has started to acquire a different point of view in orientalism today, or not. In this study, it is possible to see the reconstruction of Turkish image and the general perception of the West about Turkey in the process of new orientalism that is reflected via the discourses, images, and expressions in the media by analyzing the news about tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean in the foreign press.
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Ateş, Hüdai, and Alev Fatoş Parsa. "The Construction of Orientalist Discourse in the Documentary Series on the Digital Broadcasting Platform Netflix." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 12–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch002.
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Developing technology and communication opportunities show that the audience can access fiction and documentary films more easily than in previous years. This research reveals the extent of globalization with the development of communication technologies and how orientalism takes place in documentary films through a netflix documentary. The orientalist perspective is transformed into a global perception through documentary films and documentary series on digital platforms, World's Most Wanted, Samantha Lewthwaite: The White. In this documentary, how the orientalist elements take place and how Islam is portrayed as a terror religion is revealed with the method of semiotic analysis, and the meanings created by the written-audio codes are revealed.
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Beyazoğlu, İbrahim. "Orientalism, Colonialism, and Bouchareb's Indigènes." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 304–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch019.
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Rachid Bouchareb's movie Indigènes (aka Days of Glory, 2006) constitutes a powerful critique of the discourse of orientalism in significant ways that requires consideration. The chapter presents a descriptive and critical analysis of ambivalent positions during colonial encounters in the Second World War and analyses the totalizing and monist nature of the logocentric regime of meaning in the construction of a colonial orientalist discourse where knowledge and power enter into an agreement of sorts. The chapter throws light on ways in which Eurocentric history writing undermines the colonial soldiers' struggle for recognition and opens up a vista onto the critical role of post-colonial cinema in giving the invisible subjects' their due in history and popular media.
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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "The Maghreb and the Occident: Towards the Construction of an Occidentalist Discourse." In Occidentalism, 10–36. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0002.
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This chapter attempts to construct a non-biased definition of Occidentalism and argues that the term is still an evolving concept being constantly nourished by the ongoing relationship between Orient and Occident. It rejects the view that Occidentalism is the exact reverse of Orientalism and contends that there are many Occidentalisms as expressions by diverse ‘Orientals’ about their equally diverse encounters with the Occident. Occidentalism is therefore, the multi-conceptions produced by multi-nations not only as a reaction against Orientalism, but also as the position of at least four continents out of six, vis-à-vis Western civilisation and as Westernisation. The chapter brings into discussion scholarly views from both Orient and Occident on the issue of Occidentalism and concludes that the differing facets and meanings of Occidentalism in different theoretical perspectives and settings should be interpreted as a sign that testifies to the power of the concept rather than its inadequacy.
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Barış, Baran. "Representations of Masculinities in Gaya Jiji's Film Named My Favorite Fabric." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 338–54. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch021.
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Masculinity refers to the roles expected of men by gender ideology. Masculinity studies after 1990 revealed that masculinity cannot be taken as a universal subject. Another important concept in this study is orientalism. Orientalism generally refers to the West's point of view regarding the East. In Western narratives, Eastern women are generally depicted as oppressed heroes, and men as heroes who are always strong. However, alternative narratives reveal that different forms of femininity and masculinity can be seen in Eastern societies. In this study, a Syrian director's film named My Favorite Fabric is analyzed with a semiotic method within the framework of these concepts. When the representations of masculinity in the film are examined, it is seen that different forms of masculinity are constructed, and an alternative to the orientalist discourse is presented accordingly. It has been revealed that different variables are effective in the construction of masculinities.
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"The Maghreb and the Occident: towards the construction of an Occidentalist discourse." In Orientalism Revisited, 281–306. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079416-29.
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Tombul, Işıl. "Otherization of Oriental Woman in Cinema." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 25–40. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1774-1.ch002.
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Edward Said's Orientalism is a theory of the West's reconstruction of the East in its own system of thought. In analyzing this construction, Said made a discourse analysis that revealed how those who have power with the Foucauldian approach construct knowledge. According to Michel Foucault, those who have power build knowledge in discourse. In the media discourse established by the West which has power today, the East has a “crowded,” “non-sterile,” “backward,” “irrational” image. The issue of women in orientalism is also important. Because the woman is among the most easily marginalized segments, the Oriental woman becomes an object. In fact, gender, culture, religion, ethnicity and geography are marginalized on women. The aim of this study is to examine the construction of Oriental woman in Western films in the context of Orientalism theory. Iraqi women in The Exorcist (1973) and Moroccan women in The Sheltering Sky (1990) were analyzed.
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Hassan, Waïl S. "Carioca Orientalism." In The Global South Atlantic. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823277872.003.0014.
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If Orientalism is a discourse of Western mastery over the “Orient,” as Edward Said argued, what happens when it “travels” to another part of the imperialized world? What are the contours of Brazilian Orientalism? If not driven by imperial interests, what are its ideological investments? This article focuses on the representation of Morocco and Islam in O Clone, a specimen of the highly popular genre of the telenovela that began to air on Brazilian television three weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. O Clone depicts Morocco as both a locus of otherness (different religion, strange customs, and sexual mores) and solidarity (another part of the Third World), a repository of authentic spirituality but anti-modern and tradition-bound. This paradoxical construction of national identity reveals the tertiary structure of Brazilian Orientalism, in which the East/West divide of classic Orientalism is triangulated in its “southern” variety.
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"Constructing the US ‘Self’ in ‘War on Terror’ discourse." In Gender, Orientalism, and the ‘War on Terror’, 62–89. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315514055-4.
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Telseren, Aslı. "Representing and Othering Oriental Women After 9/11." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 438–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7180-4.ch026.
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This chapter aims to analyze the reconstruction of the otherness of oriental women in the post-9/11 era via an analysis of the representations of the oriental women in Body of Lies (2008). To examine this subject, the shifts in orientalist discourse in this period, the neo-orientalist context, and ideological functions of Hollywood are considered from a postcolonial feminist approach. Considering the specific position attributed to oriental women in the post-9/11 era, this chapter examines how Hollywood conveys gender and race relations through the construction and reconstruction of oriental women images and attempt to show how these images have participated in the reconstruction of the otherness of oriental women after the 9/11 attacks through the analysis of Body of Lies.
Conference papers on the topic "Orientalist discourse constructions"
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Matela, Jiří. "Dadžare – japonský kalambúr a jeho výzkumný potenciál." In Orientalia antiqua nova XXI. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.10392-60-77.
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Dajare – Japanese pun and its research potential The present paper introduces dajare as a Japanese form of puns, i.e. utterances with multiple meanings based on a wordplay. Dajare is chosen as a minimal text with a potential of humorous effect, thus a promising starting point for a research of humor and laughter from perspec tives of cultural anthropology and cognitive linguistics. While the ability to make puns with the use of the Chi nese script in Japan is historically well documented in the form of gisho, the concept of dajare is traced to the realms of the poetic forms of haikai no renga, zappai etc. In modern Japan, dajare is often regarded rather nega tively as “old men’s joke” (oyaji gyagu), mainly due to its separation from the tradition of poetic wit. Nevertheless, several areas of the use of dajare are presented and some principles of its most common form are discussed from the linguistic point of view. The paper ends with two main proposals for further research into Japanese puns: Research in the communicative, textual and discourse functions of dajare (humorous effect as the main goal is questioned) and in the relation of puns and linguistic creativity from the perspective of construction grammar.
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Septiana Harti, Laily Maulida. "Orientalism in Print Advertisement: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Beauty Construction in Tanning Product Advertisement." In Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l315.32.
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