Journal articles: 'Oriental mustard'

1

Cheng, Bifang, Tiina Bundrock, and David J. Williams. "AAC Oriental 200 oriental mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 985–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0369.

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AAC Oriental 200 is a doubled-haploid line. It was produced via microspore culture from the F1 hybrid plants resulting from a cross between the oriental mustard cultivars Cutlass and Forge. AAC Oriental 200 has a higher (7%) yield than the check cultivar Cutlass and similar levels of blackleg and white rust resistance. AAC Oriental 200 is well adapted to all mustard growing areas of western Canada.

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WOODS, D. L. "CUTLASS ORIENTAL MUSTARD." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-032.

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Cutlass oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss), licenced in 1985, is a pure-yellow-seeded cultivar which combines a high glucosinolate level with high seed yield, reduced oil content and early maturity. It is adapted to all areas of western Canada where B. juncea is grown.Key words: Mustard (oriental), Cutlass cultivar

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Loeppky, H. A., and R. E. Blackshaw. "Mustard tolerance to clopyralid applied alone or with ethametsulfuron." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-114.

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Mustard is a drought-tolerant crop well adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soils of the Prairies; however, lack of broad-leaved weed control limits production. Two field studies were conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan and Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the response of brown and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss), and yellow mustard (B. hirta Moench) to clopyralid. Clopyralid was applied at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.60 kg a.i. ha−1 at the 4- or 10-leaf stage in one experiment. The other was a factorial experiment of clopyralid at 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 kg a.i. ha−1 with ethametsulfuron at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1. Clopyralid applied at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1, the lowest rate at which it is registered for weed control in canola, resulted in brown mustard yield reductions of 21%, oriental mustard yield reductions of 23% and yellow mustard yield reductions of 9% over 5 site years. This rate of clopyralid applied with ethametsulfuron reduced brown, oriental and yellow mustard yield by 30, 33 and 8%, respectively. Oil content was also reduced by clopyralid. Clopyralid cannot be used for weed control in mustards. Key words: Crop tolerance, growth stage, clopyralid, ethametsulfuron, seed yield, oil content

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Rakow, G., and D. Rode. "AC Vulcan oriental condiment mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08147.

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AC Vulcan oriental condiment mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] was developed from landraces of oriental mustard grown at Lethbridge, AB, in the 1960s. Lethbridge 22A registered in 1974 was the first true yellow breeding oriental mustard cultivar, followed by Domo in 1977, from which Cutlass was selected. AC Vulcan is a single plant selection from Cutlass. Data on the cultivar Forge (not a check cultivar) are provided for comparison because Forge was the predominant cultivar of oriental mustard in western Canada at the time when Cutlass and AC Vulcan were developed. Forge was developed by Mr. John Hemingway of Colman's Food, Norwich, UK. AC Vulcan yielded 3.0% less grain than the check cultivar Cutlass, on average, over 81 station years in 9 yr of condiment Co-op tests 1999–2007, and was well adapted to the mustard-growing areas of the Canadian prairies. AC Vulcan was one day later in maturity than Cutlass and one day earlier than Forge. It was similar in height to Cutlass. It had 0.5% lower fixed oil than Cutlass and 0.3% greater protein content. Forge had very low fixed oil content at 38.9%. AC Vulcan had increased seed weight (2.82 g per 1000 seed) compared with Cutlass (2.73 g per 1000 seed). Forge had low seed weight (2.49 g) per 1000 seed. AC Vulcan had 12.04 mg g seed-1 of allyl glucosinolate; 0.96 mg g seed-1 greater than Cutlass. Green seed counts varied from 0.65% for Forge to 0.84% for AC Vulcan, statistically not different from each other; this was reflected in seed chlorophyll contents. AC Vulcan and Cutlass were resistant to white rust [Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze] race 2a, but highly susceptible to race 2v. Forge was highly susceptible to both white rust races. All three oriental mustard cultivars were highly resistant to blackleg disease [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.]. Major goals in oriental mustard breeding are further reductions in fixed oil content and increases in grain yield. Key words: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cultivar descriptions, grain yield, seed quality

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Beckie, H. J., E. N. Johnson, R. E. Blackshaw, and Y. Gan. "Productivity and quality of canola and mustard cultivars under weed competition." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07152.

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Competitive crops or cultivars can be an important component of integrated weed management systems. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 at four sites across semiarid prairie ecoregions in Saskatchewan and Alberta to investigate the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napusL.) and mustard cultivars under weed competition. Four open-pollinated canola cultivars, four hybrid canola cultivars, two canola-quality mustard and two oriental mustard cultivars [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], and two yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cultivars were grown under weedy and weed-free conditions. When combined across site-years, crop aboveground biomass at maturity and seed yield were reduced by weed interference, except for yellow and oriental mustard. However, seed oil and protein content of cultivars were not affected by weed competition. Among crop types, yellow and oriental mustard were best able to maintain biomass and seed yield under weed interference, followed in decreasing order of competitiveness by hybrid and open-pollinated canola, then canola-quality mustard. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, weed competition

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Rakow, G., G. Séguin-Swartz, J. P. Raney, J. Relf-Eckstein, and D. Rode. "Amigo brown condiment mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08174.

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Amigo, brown condiment mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] had, on average over 30 locations, the same grain yield as Common Brown in Co-op mustard tests 2004-2006 and was well adapted to the mustard-growing areas of the Canadian prairies. Amigo had the same maturity and plant height as Common Brown. Amigo had 3.3% lower fixed oil content and 2.0% greater seed protein content, highly significant improvements in a brown mustard cultivar. Seed weight of Amigo was similar to that of Common Brown. Amigo had very high allyl isothiocyanate content of 13.15 mg g-1 seed compared with Common Brown at 9.35 mg g-1 seed, levels of allyl isothiocyanate typically found in oriental mustard. The allyl isothiocyanate content of AC Vulcan oriental mustard was 12.96 mg g-1 seed in Co-op Mustard Tests at the same locations and years, not statistically different from Amigo. The high allyl isothiocyanate content was incorporated from AC Vulcan into Amigo, through cross breeding and pedigree selection as was the resistance to white rust race 2a. The strategy to transfer disease resistance and seed quality from oriental mustard to brown mustard was successful.Key words: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cultivar description, disease resistance, seed quality

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Blackshaw, Robert, Eric Johnson, Yantai Gan, William May, David McAndrew, Veronique Barthet, Tanya McDonald, and Dan Wispinski. "Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-002.

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Blackshaw, R. E., Johnson, E. N., Gan, Y., May, W. E., McAndrew, D. W., Barthet, V., McDonald, T. and Wispinski, D. 2011. Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 889–896. Increased demand for biodiesel feedstock has encouraged greater napus canola (Brassica napus L.) production, but there may be a need for greater production of other oilseed crops for this purpose. A multi-site field study was conducted to determine the oil yield potential of various crops relative to that of napus canola in the semi-arid, short-season environment of the Canadian prairies. Oilseed crops evaluated included rapa canola (Brassica rapa L.), juncea canola (Brassica juncea L.), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Max.]. Crop emergence and growth were generally good for all crops, but soybean did not fully mature at some locations. The number of site-years (out of a total of 9) that crops attained similar or greater yields compared to napus canola were camelina (6), oriental mustard (5), juncea canola (3), flax (3), soybean (3), rapa canola (2), yellow mustard (2), and Ethiopian mustard (1). The ranking of seed oil concentration was napus canola=rapa canola= juncea canola=flax>camelina=oriental mustard>Ethiopian mustard>yellow mustard>soybean. Considering yield and oil concentration, the alternative oilseed crops exhibiting the most potential for biodiesel feedstock were camelina, flax, rapa canola and oriental mustard. Oils of all crops were easily converted to biodiesel and quality analyses indicated that all crops would be suitable for biodiesel feedstock with the addition of antioxidants that are routinely utilized in biodiesel fuels.

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Rakow, G., J. P. Raney, and D. Rode. "Acantozero erucic acid oriental condiment mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09155.

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Acanto is the first zero erucic acid oriental condiment mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. It has the same grain yield, plant height, seed protein content, seed weight, allyl glucosinolate content, and seed chlorophyll content as the check cultivar Cutlass. Both cultivars are highly resistant to blackleg disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces et de Not., but are susceptible to white rust race 2v caused by Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze. Acanto is more susceptible to white rust race 2a than is Cutlass. Acanto matures 2 d later than Cutlass, has a 2.9% lower seed oil (fixed oil) content and its seed colour is a darker yellow. Acanto was well adapted to the mustard growing areas of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cultivar description, zero erucic acid oil

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9

Marnoch, Rebecca, and Levente L. Diosady. "Production of mustard protein isolates from oriental mustard seed (Brassica junceaL.)." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 83, no. 1 (January 2006): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-006-1177-z.

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10

Szmigielski, Anna M., Jeff J. Schoenau, Eric N. Johnson, Frederick A. Holm, and Ken L. Sapsford. "Determination of Thiencarbazone in Soil by Oriental Mustard Root Length Bioassay." Weed Science 60, no. 3 (September 2012): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00054.1.

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Using an oriental mustard root length bioassay, thiencarbazone bioavailability and dissipation in five Saskatchewan soils was investigated under laboratory conditions. Thiencarbazone bioavailability was assessed at 0 to 3.9 µg ai kg−1. Thiencarbazone concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (I50values) obtained from dose-response curves varied from 0.56 to 1.71 µg kg−1. Multiple regression analysis indicated that organic carbon content (P = 0.018) and soil pH (P = 0.017) predicted thiencarbazone bioavailability. Thiencarbazone dissipation was examined in soils incubated at 23 C and moisture content of 85% field capacity. Thiencarbazone half-lives estimated from dissipation curves were 9 to 50 d, and organic carbon content (P = 0.002) and soil pH (P = 0.008) were significant factors affecting thiencarbazone dissipation. Thiencarbazone bioavailability decreases and dissipation rate is slower in Canadian prairie soils of high organic matter content and low soil pH. Because root length of oriental mustard plants also was reduced by ammonium, therefore ammonium-containing or -producing fertilizers can cause false positive results for thiencarbazone soil residues. Canaryseed roots had the same sensitivity to ammonium as oriental mustard roots but were not inhibited by thiencarbazone. Therefore canaryseed root length bioassay was effective in identifying inhibition caused by ammonium toxicity. Use of oriental mustard root and canaryseed root bioassays together can aid in interpreting bioassay results for detection of thiencarbazone residues.

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11

Brown, J., J. B. Davis, D. A. Brown, L. Seip, and T. Gosselin. "Registration of ‘Pacific Gold’ Oriental Condiment Mustard." Crop Science 44, no. 6 (November 2004): 2271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.2271a.

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12

Yu, Qing, Rong Tsao, Mikio Chiba, and John Potter. "Oriental mustard bran reducesPratylenchus penetranson sweet corn." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 29, no. 4 (December 2007): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660709507488.

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13

Mennan, Husrev, and Mathieu Ngouajio. "Effect of Brassica Cover Crops and Hazelnut Husk Mulch on Weed Control in Hazelnut Orchards." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.99.

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Weed management is critical in hazelnut (Corylus avellana) production. Weeds reduce nutrient availability, interfere with tree growth, and reduce hand-harvesting efficiency. Field experiments were conducted from Fall 2006 to 2010 to test effects of brassica (Brassica sp.) cover crops and hazelnut husk mulch as alternative weed management strategies in hazelnut. The cover crop treatments consisted of rape (Brassica napus), field mustard (Brassica rapa), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), and fallow with no cover crop. Hazelnut husk was surface-applied at two thicknesses, 5- and 10-cm-thick layer. Dry biomass production by the cover crops was relatively consistent among years with oriental mustard producing the most biomass. Throughout the growing seasons, the cover crops reduced weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of weed species when compared with the fallow treatment. The most effective cover crop at suppressing weeds was oriental mustard. Hazelnut husk applied as a 10-cm-thick layer on the ground was highly effective at controlling weeds up to 180 days after application and reduced total weed dry weight by 83% at the end of the season. Our findings indicate that brassica cover crops or hazelnut husk may help control annual weed species in hazelnut orchards during early summer. However, these strategies should be combined with other methods like chemicals or cultivation for adequate weed management.

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Cheng, Bifang, and David J. Williams. "AAC Brown 120 brown mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 1406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0123.

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AAC Brown 120 is a double-haploid (DH) brown mustard (Brassica juncea) variety. It was produced using a microspore culture from F1 hybrid plants resulting from a cross between the elite brown mustard DH line B474DH100 and the elite oriental mustard DH line O60DH151. AAC Brown 120 has significantly higher (12%) yield than the check variety Centennial Brown. It is resistant to white rust races 2a and 2v, whereas Centennial Brown is susceptible to races 2a and 2v. AAC Brown 120 is well adapted to all mustard-growing areas of western Canada.

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Katamoto, H., T. Fujita, S. Nishiguchi, K. Harada, I. Ueyama, and O. Watanabe. "Suspected Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea) intoxication in cattle." Veterinary Record 149, no. 7 (August 18, 2001): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.149.7.215.

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16

Dang, Hue Thi, Jenna M. Malone, Peter Boutsalis, Mahima Krishnan, Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Reduced translocation in 2,4-D-resistant oriental mustard populations (Sisymbrium orientaleL.) from Australia." Pest Management Science 74, no. 6 (February 14, 2018): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4845.

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Larkin, Robert, and Ryan Lynch. "Use and Effects of Different Brassica and Other Rotation Crops on Soilborne Diseases and Yield of Potato †." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040037.

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Soilborne diseases are persistent problems in potato production, resulting in reductions in tuber quality and yield. Brassica rotation crops may reduce soilborne potato diseases, but how to best utilize Brassica crops in potato cropping systems has not been established. In this research, two two-year trials were established at three different sites with histories of soilborne diseases, and up to six different Brassica crops (canola, winter rapeseed, yellow and brown condiment mustards, oriental mustard, oilseed radish, and a mustard blend) and standard rotation crops (ryegrass and buckwheat) were evaluated as rotation and green manure crops. Tuber yield did not vary substantially among the rotation crops, but rotation treatments significantly affected incidence and severity of soilborne diseases at all sites. However, results were variable among sites and years. Perennial ryegrass and mustard blend rotations reduced powdery scab disease by 31–55% relative to other rotations in the only field where powdery scab was a serious problem. Mustard blend, ryegrass, and other Brassica rotations also reduced common scab, silver scurf, and black scurf at various sites, but not consistently at all sites. At one site, mustard blend and barley/ryegrass rotations reduced black scurf (by 21–58%) and common scab (by 13–34%) relative to no rotation. Overall, disease control was not correlated with biofumigation potential or rotation crop biomass production. Although both Brassica and non-Brassica rotations provided disease reduction in potato cropping systems, no single rotation crop performed consistently better than several others.

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18

Chauhan, Bhagirath S., Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Seedling recruitment pattern and depth of recruitment of 10 weed species in minimum tillage and no-till seeding systems." Weed Science 54, no. 4 (August 2006): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-135r.1.

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Differences in periodicity and depth of weed seedling recruitment due to agronomic management practices, such as reduced tillage, have implications for weed competitive ability and management strategies. Periodicity and depth of seedling recruitment of 10 different weed species was measured in the field in 2004 and 2005. The seedling recruitment of rigid ryegrass, threehorn bedstraw, and wild radish seedlings was higher under minimum tillage than under no-till scenarios. In contrast, the seedling recruitment of Oriental mustard, annual sowthistle, squirreltail fescue, little mallow, and turnipweed was higher under the no-till system. The seedling recruitment of wild oat and African mustard was not influenced by the tillage system. The mean seedling recruitment depth of wild oat, rigid ryegrass, threehorn bedstraw, wild radish, and turnipweed was greater under minimum tillage than under the no-till system. These weeds are able to emerge from deeper in the soil profile. In contrast, the seedling recruitment depth under minimum-tillage and no-till systems was similar for African mustard, Oriental mustard, annual sowthistle, little mallow, and squirreltail fescue. These are all small-seeded species, which failed to emerge from deeper depths under either tillage system. In addition, all of these species except African mustard showed higher total seedling recruitment under the no-till system. Results of this study will facilitate weed-control timing decisions and provide validation data for weed seedling recruitment models.

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Mojzes, Andrea, and Tibor Kalapos. "Positive germination response of oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L., Brassicaceae) to plant-derived smoke." Brazilian Journal of Botany 39, no. 3 (May 24, 2016): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-016-0289-4.

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20

Monsalve, R. I., M. A. Gonzalez de la Peña, L. Menendez-Arias, C. Lopez-Otin, M. Villalba, and R. Rodriguez. "Characterization of a new oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) allergen, Braj IE: detection of an allergenic epitope." Biochemical Journal 293, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2930625.

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Bra j IE, a major allergen from oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, has been isolated and characterized. Its primary structure has been elucidated. This protein is composed of two chains (37 and 92 amino acids) linked by disulphide bridges. The amino acid sequence obtained is closely related to that previously determined for Sin a I, an allergen isolated from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). A common epitope has been detected in the large chain of both Bra j IE and Sin a I by means of electroblotting and immunodetection with 2B3, which is a monoclonal antibody raised against the yellow-mustard allergen. A histidine residue of the large chain of both mustard allergens has been found to be essential for the recognition by 2B3 antibody. A synthetic multiantigenic peptide containing this His was recognized by 2B3 as well as by sera of mustard-hypersensitive individuals. Therefore this antigenic determinant must be involved in the allergenicity of these proteins.

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Wade, Andrea H., Matthew J. Morra, Brennan Smith, and Inna Popova. "Yellow and oriental mustard seed lecithin content and composition." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 98 (May 2021): 103819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103819.

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22

Preston, Christopher, Fleur C. Dolman, and Peter Boutsalis. "Multiple Resistance to Acetohydroxyacid Synthase–Inhibiting and Auxinic Herbicides in a Population of Oriental Mustard (Sisymbrium orientale)." Weed Science 61, no. 2 (June 2013): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00117.1.

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A population of oriental mustard from Port Broughton in South Australia was reported as not being controlled by 2,4-D. Dose response experiments determined this population was resistant to both 2,4-D and MCPA, requiring greater than 20 times more herbicide for equivalent control compared to a known susceptible population (from Roseworthy, South Australia) and a population resistant only to the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides (from Tumby Bay, South Australia). The Port Broughton population was also found to be resistant to three chemical groups that inhibit AHAS; however, the level of resistance was lower than the known acetolactate synthase–resistant population from Tumby Bay. Herbicides from other modes of action were able to control the Port Broughton population. Assays of isolated AHAS from the Port Broughton population showed high levels of resistance to the sulfonylurea and sulfonamide herbicide groups, but not to the imidazolinone herbicides. A single nucleotide change in the AHAS gene that predicted a Pro to Ser substitution at position 197 in the protein was identified in the Port Broughton population. This population of oriental mustard has evolved multiple resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides (AHAS inhibitors) and auxinic herbicides, through a mutation in AHAS and a second nontarget-site mechanism. Whether the same mechanism provides resistance to both AHAS inhibitors and auxinic herbicides remains to be determined. Multiple resistance to auxinic herbicides and AHAS inhibitors in the Port Broughton population will make control of this population more difficult.

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Dang, Hue T., Jenna M. Malone, Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Cross-resistance to diflufenican and picolinafen and its inheritance in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientaleL.)." Pest Management Science 75, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5087.

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McKenzie, R. H., A. B. Middleton, and E. Bremer. "Response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date, and seeding rate in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (May 5, 2006): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-164.

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Yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and oriental mustard (B. juncea) have been grown in Alberta since the 1950s, but limited agronomic information specific for this crop is available. The objective of this study was to determine the response of mustard to fertilization, seeding date and seeding rate in southern Alberta. Field experiments were conducted at 20 field sites over a 4-yr period (1999–2002) under irrigated and dryland (fallow and stubble) conditions. Five experiments were conducted with the following treatments: (1) N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1), (2) urea placement (seed-placed and side-banded urea at rates of 0 to 120 kg N ha-1), (3) P fertilizer rate (0, 6.5, and 13.1 kg P ha-1), (4) S fertilizer rate (0, 10 and 20 kg S ha-1), and (5) seeding date (three dates at approximately 10-d intervals) and seeding rate (target plant densities of 75, 125, 175, 225, and 300 plants m-2). Experiment 1 was conducted with yellow mustard (AC Pennant), oriental mustard (Forge), brown mustard (Commercial Brown) and canola (Q2) (Brassica napus L.), while the remaining experiments were only conducted with yellow mustard. For maximum seed yield, mustard required 95 kg of available N Mg-1 of potential seed yield. Potential yields were closely related to available moisture, increasing 7 to 8 kg ha-1 for every mm increase in available moisture above a minimum moisture requirement of 90 mm. Seed-placed urea reduced plant stand at rates as low as 30 kg N ha-1 and reduced seed yield at rates of 60 to 120 kg N ha-1. Fourteen of 20 sites had a greater than 3% positive yield benefit due to P fertilizer. Mustard did not benefit from S fertilizer application. Delay in seeding by 3–4 wk, compared with seeding in late April to mid-May, reduced seed yield of yellow mustard by an average of 37%. Seed yield increased with seeding rate, but the maximum gain in seed yield due to high seeding rates was only 200 kg ha-1, with significant increases obtained only under very dry conditions. Early seeding and adequate N fertility were the most important agronomic practices for achieving high yields of mustard in southern Alberta. Key words: Sinapsis alba, Brassica juncea, yield, oil, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water-use efficiency

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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale)." Weed Science 54, no. 6 (November 2006): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-092.1.

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Nazareth, Tiago Melo, Raquel Torrijos, Karla Paiva Bocate, Jordi Mañes, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano, Giuseppe Meca, and Pilar Vila-Donat. "Development of an Antifungal Device Based on Oriental Mustard Flour to Prevent Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production in Almonds." Toxins 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010005.

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The present study describes the manufacture of an antifungal device composed of oriental mustard flour and hydroxyethyl-cellulose (H-OMF) and evaluates its efficacity in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in almonds. Additionally, it compares the H-OMF with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a freeze-dried extract of yellow mustard flour (YMF-E); such substances were previously described as antifungal. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the H-OMF in vitro antifungal activity, and the residual fungal population, as well as the production of AFB1 in almonds were determined. AITC and YMF-E showed significant antifungal activity in vitro. Additionally, the in vitro activity of H-OMF avoided mycelial growth by applying 30 mg/L. Almonds treated with AITC (5.07, 10.13, and 20.26 mg/L) and H-OMF (2000 and 4000 mg/L) showed a reduction in the population of A. flavus and the production of AFB1 to values below the limit of detection. YMF-E showed effectiveness by in vitro methodologies (MIC and MFC) but did not show efficacy when applied in almonds. Our findings indicated that the hydroxyethyl-cellulose-based device containing oriental mustard flour might be utilised as a fumigant to increase the safety of almonds and could be extended to other cereals or dry fruits.

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Wolf, Thomas M., Brian C. Caldwell, Gordon I. Mcintyre, and Andrew I. Hsiao. "Effect of Droplet Size and Herbicide Concentration on Absorption and Translocation of14C-2,4-D in Oriental Mustard (Sisymbrium orientate)." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450005815x.

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Individual droplets of14C-2,4-D dimethylamine (DMA) were applied to oriental mustard seedlings to determine the effect of droplet size and herbicide concentration on absorption and translocation 1 or 3 d after application. Absorption of14C-2,4-D was generally not affected by droplet size which ranged from 198 to 2760 μm. However, the percentage of absorbed14C-2,4-D that was translocated away from the treated leaf increased as droplet size decreased. Absorption of14C-2,4-D either increased slightly or was not affected by increased herbicide concentration, but translocation of absorbed14C-2,4-D was reduced as herbicide concentration increased. Absorption and translocation of14C-2,4-D DMA were reduced when applied after a drop of 21.3 mM commercially formulated 2,4-D had been applied at the same location on the leaf. These results indicate that large amounts of 2,4-D, either in the form of large droplets or a more concentrated herbicide solution, inhibit translocation of 2,4-D from oriental mustard leaves.

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Getinet, A., G. Rakow, J. P. Raney, and R. K. Downey. "Development of zero erucic acid Ethiopian mustard through an interspecific cross with zero erucic acid Oriental mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-141.

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Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a high-yielding oilseed crop of the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed is high in erucic acid. The objective of this study was to develop zero erucic acid forms in this mustard species. This was achieved through an interspecific transfer of genes for zero erucic acid from Brassica juncea. Key words:Brassica carinata, zero erucic acid

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Dang, Hue Thi, Jenna Moira Malone, Peter Boutsalis, Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "The mechanism of diflufenican resistance and its inheritance in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientaleL.) from Australia." Pest Management Science 74, no. 6 (February 26, 2018): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4858.

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Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, Ronald L. Rainey, and Edward E. Gbur. "Economic Returns in Plasticulture Tomato Production from Crucifer Cover Crops as a Methyl Bromide Alternative for Weed Management." HortTechnology 20, no. 4 (August 2010): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.4.764.

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The phase-out of methyl bromide required an effective and economically viable alternative for weed management in polyethylene-mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). A field experiment was conducted to compare economics of tomato production associated with crucifer (Brassicaceae) cover crops under low-density polyethylene mulch (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch with a standard treatment of methyl bromide:chloropicrin (67:33) at 350 lb/acre. Three crucifer cover crops, ‘Seventop’ turnip (Brassica rapa), ‘Pacific Gold’ oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), and Caliente [a blend of brown mustard (B. juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba)], were evaluated in combination with hand-weeding. Because of marginal weed control from crucifer cover crops, hand-weeding cost in all cover crop plots, regardless of mulch type, increased from $380.54/acre to $489.10/acre over that in methyl bromide plots. However, total weed management costs in the untreated control and cover crops with LDPE treatments were $17.82/acre to $111.33/acre lower than methyl bromide. Because of mulch expenses, VIF mulch increased the total weed management cost by $328.16/acre over LDPE mulch in the untreated control and cover crop treatments. Because of equivalent marketable yield, gross returns ($21,040.43/acre) were identical in all treatments. Preplant fumigation with methyl bromide provided $6260.90/acre of net returns in tomato production. The untreated control, ‘Seventop’ turnip, ‘Pacific Gold’ oriental mustard, and Caliente mustard under LDPE treatment were $54/acre, $54/acre, $98/acre, and $147/acre more profitable, respectively, than methyl bromide. However, in all other treatments under VIF, net returns relative to methyl bromide were reduced from $181/acre to $274/acre. Therefore, regardless of soil amendment with crucifer cover crops, hand-weeding can serve as an economically viable alternative to methyl bromide for weed control in LDPE-mulched tomato production, depending on the nature and level of pest infestation, labor availability, and wages.

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Olaimat, Amin N., and Richard A. Holley. "Inhibition ofListeria monocytogenesandSalmonellaby Combinations of Oriental Mustard, Malic Acid, and EDTA." Journal of Food Science 79, no. 4 (March 20, 2014): M614—M621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12411.

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Rakow, G., J. P. Raney, D. Rode, and J. Relf-Eckstein. "Centennial Brown brown condiment mustard." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08146.

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Brown condiment mustard (Common Brown) has about 10% lower grain yield than oriental condiment mustard (yellow seeded), which both belong to the same species [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. Yield improvements in brown condiment mustard are therefore of great importance. The Saskatoon Research Centre of AAFC initiated a condiment brown mustard improvement program in 1996 applying pedigree selection of single plants from the condiment brown mustard cultivar Blaze, which resulted in the selection and registration of the cultivar Centennial Brown. Centennial Brown yielded 3.2% more grain than the landrace Common Brown, on average over 81 location years in 9 yr of condiment mustard Co-op tests (1999–2007) and was well adapted to the mustard-growing areas of the Canadian prairies. Support for registration was based on 6 yr of Co-op tests. Centennial Brown had the same maturity (91 d) and was 5 cm taller (116 cm) than Common Brown. It had 1.5% lower fixed oil (36.6%) and 1.2% greater protein content (30.0%) compared with Common Brown. It had 0.4 g heavier seed (2.96 g 1000 seed-1) than Common Brown. Centennial Brown had 0.9 mg g seed-1 greater allyl glucosinolate content than Common Brown (9.15 mg g seed-1). Green seed counts were low in Centennial Brown (0.64%) compared with Common Brown (0.79%). This was confirmed in chlorophyll content measurements, 4.76 mg kg-1 for Centennial Brown and 5.24 mg kg-1 for Common Brown. Centennial Brown was resistant to blackleg disease [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.] and highly susceptible to the B. juncea races of white rust [Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze], equal to Common Brown. Centennial Brown will quickly replace Common Brown in the market place because of its increased grain yield and much superior seed quality. Key words: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cultivar description, grain yield, seed quality

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Wang, Guangyao, Mathieu Ngouajio, and Darryl D. Warncke. "Nutrient Cycling, Weed Suppression, and Onion Yield Following Brassica and Sorghum Sudangrass Cover Crops." HortTechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.1.68.

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The effects of cover crops on nutrient cycling, weed suppression, and onion (Allium cepa) yield were evaluated under a muck soil with high organic matter in Michigan. Four brassica cover crops, including brown mustard (Brassica juncea ‘Common brown’), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus ‘Daikon’), oriental mustard (B. juncea ‘Forge’), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba ‘Tilney’), as well as sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense ‘Honey Sweet’) produced similar amount of biomass and recycled similar amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The brassica cover crop biomass contained more calcium, sulfur, and boron, but less magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc than sorghum sudangrass. However, soil fertility was generally similar regardless of whether a cover crop was used. This was mainly because the soil was sampled when most of the cover crop residue was not yet decomposed. Weed density during onion growth was reduced by all cover crops compared with the control with no cover crop, with yellow mustard treatment having the lowest weed density among the cover crops. Weed species composition was also significantly affected by the cover crops. Yellow mustard treatment had the lowest density of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), whereas sorghum sudangrass had the highest yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) density among all the treatments. However, weed suppression was not enough to eliminate normal control strategies. The brassica cover crops, especially oilseed radish and yellow mustard, increased onion stand count and marketable yield. These results suggest that brassica and sorghum sudangrass cover crops could provide multiple benefits if incorporated into short-term onion rotations under Michigan growing conditions.

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Hill, Curtis B., Paul H. Williams, Diana G. Carlson, and H. L. Tookey. "Variation in Glucosinolates in Oriental Brassica Vegetables." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 2 (March 1987): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.2.309.

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Abstract The glucosinolates (GSs) were estimated in the normally eaten portions of 72 cultivars of Oriental brassica vegetables including mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Chinese kale (B. oleracea L. Alboglabra Group Bail.), Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L. Pekinensis Group Bail.), pak choy (B. rapa Chinensis Group Bail.), tendergreen (B. rapa Perviridis Group Bail.), turnip (B. rapa L. Rapifera Group Bail., B. narinosa Bail., and B. nipposinica Bail.). Variation in GS profiles was complex. There was variation in percentages of major GSs and total GS among B. juncea, B. oleracea, and the combination B. rapa plus narinosa and nipposinica and among four subspecific groups of rapa plus the two species closely related to rapa: narinosa and nipposinica. B. juncea had distinctively high proportions of allyl-GS, ranging from 81% to 94%, whereas B. oleracea had distinctively high proportions of 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GS, ranging from 9% to 68%. Differences in GS profiles among the rapa groups, narinosa and nipposinica, were less distinctive. Cultivars of pak choy from China differed in percentages of three minor GSs from cultivars from Japan and elsewhere. There was also variation among cultivars of Chinese kale and between turnip foliage and roots.

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35

Dang, Hue T., Jenna M. Malone, Peter Boutsalis, Gurjeet Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Identification of a target‐site mutation conferring resistance to triazine herbicides in oriental mustard ( Sisymbrium orientale L.) from Australia." Weed Biology and Management 17, no. 4 (October 17, 2017): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12133.

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36

Karimmojeny, Hassan, Mohammad Rezvani, Faezeh Zaefarian, and Pejman Nikneshan. "Environmental and maternal factors affecting on oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.) and musk weed (Myagrum perfoliatum L.) seed germination." Brazilian Journal of Botany 37, no. 2 (May 9, 2014): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-014-0058-1.

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37

Torrijos, Raquel, Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Pilar Vila-Donat, Jordi Mañes, and Giuseppe Meca. "Use of Mustard Extracts Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria to Mitigate the Production of Fumonisin B1 and B2 by Fusarium verticillioides in Corn Ears." Toxins 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020080.

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Corn (Zea mays) is a worldwide crop subjected to infection by toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium verticillioides during the pre-harvest stage. Fusarium contamination can lead to the synthesis of highly toxic mycotoxins, such as Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and Fumonisin B2 (FB2), which compromises human and animal health. The work aimed to study the antifungal properties of fermented yellow and oriental mustard extracts using nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vitro. Moreover, a chemical characterization of the main phenolic compounds and organic acids were carried out in the extracts. The results highlighted that the yellow mustard, fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, avoided the growth of Fusarium spp. in vitro, showing Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values, ranging from 7.8 to 15.6 g/L and 15.6 to 31.3 g/L, respectively. Then, the lyophilized yellow mustard fermented extract by L. plantarum TR71 was applied through spray-on corn ears contaminated with F. verticillioides to study the antimycotoxigenic activity. After 14 days of incubation, the control contained 14.71 mg/kg of FB1, while the treatment reduced the content to 1.09 mg/kg (92.6% reduction). Moreover, no FB2 was observed in the treated samples. The chemical characterization showed that lactic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, and benzoic acid were the antifungal metabolites quantified in higher concentrations in the yellow mustard fermented extract with L. plantarum TR71. The results obtained confirmed the potential application of fermented mustard extracts as a solution to reduce the incidence of mycotoxins in corn ears.

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Earlywine, Daniel T., Reid J. Smeda, Travis C. Teuton, Carl E. Sams, and Xi Xiong. "Evaluation of Oriental Mustard (Brassica juncea) Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Turf." Weed Technology 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-09-00058.1.

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Oriental mustard seed meal (MSM), a byproduct generated by pressing the seed for oil, exhibits herbicidal properties. In turfgrass, soil fumigants such as methyl bromide are used to control weeds prior to renovation of turf. Environmental concerns have resulted in deregistration of methyl bromide, prompting the need for alternatives. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of MSM on the establishment of selected turfgrass weeds as well as inhibitory effects on establishment of desirable turfgrasses. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 at the University of Missouri. MSM was amended in soil at 0, 1,350 (low), 2,350 (medium), and 3,360 kg ha−1(high) concentrations. Weed species included annual bluegrass, large crabgrass, buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed. Turfgrass species included: Rembrandt tall fescue, Evening Shade perennial rye, and Riviera bermudagrass. All species were seeded into soil amended with MSM and either tarped or left untarped. All treatments were compared to dazomet (392 kg ha−1), a synthetic standard. Plant counts and biomass of all species were recorded 4 wk after seeding. Overall, tarped treatments suppressed weed emergence 27 to 50% more compared to untarped treatments, except for large crabgrass. High rates of MSM suppressed emergence of all weeds ≥ 63%. Compared to the untreated control, the density of buckhorn plantain, white clover, and common chickweed was reduced by ≥ 42% at low rates of MSM. Biomass of buckhorn plantain, annual bluegrass, common chickweed, white clover, and large crabgrass was reduced from 37 to 99% at high rates of MSM. MSM at high rates reduced stand counts of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass up to 81% and 77% respectively, compared to the untreated control. Regardless of MSM rates or tarping, suppression of common bermudagrass emergence did not exceed 30%; tarped treatments actually increased bermudagrass emergence by 22%. The biomass for tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and bermudagrass was reduced by 85, 68, and 10%, respectively, at high rates of MSM. For tall fescue, MSM at all rates strongly suppressed seed germination by 7 d after planting (DAP) (up to 100%), with additional germination observed through 14 DAP, but not thereafter. In both trials, dazomet completely suppressed emergence of all weeds. MSM appears to suppress emergence and growth of a number of weeds common in turf, with potential selectivity for bermudagrass.

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Holley, R. A., and J. D. Jones. "The role of myrosinase in the development of toxicity toward Nematospora in mustard seed." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-066.

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The toxicity of contaminated mustard seed toward Nematospora yeast was due to the action of endogenous myrosinase upon the glucosinolates, sinigrin from Brassicajuncea, and sinalbin from B. hirta seeds to produce toxic hydrolysis products. Allyl isothiocyanate from sinigrin was lethal at 20–35 μg/mL while p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid from sinalbin were toxic at >600 and >800 μg/mL, respectively. Two cultivars of rapeseed (B. campestris cv. Echo and cv. Candle) contained only trace amounts of sinigrin and sinalbin and were not toxic to the yeast. The activation of myrosinase during germination of oriental and yellow mustard and the production of toxic hydrolytic compounds may limit the spread of infection by reducing the reservoir of viable yeast in the seed. No evidence was obtained to suggest a role for these toxic products in resistance of the plant to invasion by Nematospora.

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40

Larkin, Robert P., C. Wayne Honeycutt, and O. Modesto Olanya. "Management of Verticillium Wilt of Potato with Disease-Suppressive Green Manures and as Affected by Previous Cropping History." Plant Disease 95, no. 5 (May 2011): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0670.

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The ability of disease-suppressive rotation crops to reduce potato disease problems and increase crop productivity in a field with prior severe Verticillium wilt, as well as the potential influence of previous cropping history on disease suppression, was evaluated over three field seasons in Maine. Disease-suppressive rotations consisted of: (i) a high-glucosinolate mustard blend (‘Caliente 119’) as a mixture of white mustard (Sinapis alba) and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea) with known biofumigation potential and (ii) a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Each were grown as single-season green manures followed by a subsequent potato crop. These rotations were compared with a standard barley rotation and a barley rotation followed by chemical fumigation with metam sodium as controls. Both green manure rotations significantly reduced (average reductions of 25 and 18%, respectively) Verticillium wilt in the subsequent potato crop compared with the standard barley control but were not as effective as chemical fumigation (35% reduction). The mustard blend also reduced other soilborne diseases (black scurf and common scab) better than all other rotations. Mustard blend and chemical fumigation treatments increased tuber yield relative to the barley control by 12 and 18%, respectively. However, by the second rotation cycle, disease levels were high in all rotations, and only chemical fumigation resulted in substantial disease reduction (35%). Rotations also had significant effects on soil microbiology, including soil bacterial and fungal populations and microbial community characteristics based on fatty acid profiles. However, only chemical fumigation significantly reduced soil populations of Verticillium spp. and increased general soil microbial activity. Previous cropping history did not significantly affect disease reduction, tuber yield, or soil microbial communities. This research indicates the potential for using disease-suppressive rotations for managing Verticillium wilt and other soilborne diseases but also indicates that multiple years of disease-suppressive crops may be needed to substantially reduce disease in heavily infested fields.

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41

Dang, Hue Thi, Weihua Long, Jenna Moira Malone, Christopher Preston, and Gurjeet Gill. "No apparent fitness costs associated with phytoene desaturase mutations conferred resistance to diflufenican and picolinafen in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.)." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 155 (March 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.005.

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42

Andreassen, Lars, Juliana Soroka, Larry Grenkow, Owen Olfert, and Rebecca H. Hallett. "Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injury to Brassicaceae in field trials in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 5 (May 2, 2018): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.20.

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AbstractTo determine resistance of Brassicaceae field crops to Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midge complex (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer and Contarinia undescribed species), field trials of two different host assemblages were undertaken near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014 and repeated in 2015. In both years the first midge adults appeared in early July, when most plants were starting to flower, and a second generation occurred in mid-August, past the period of crop susceptibility. In a trial studying 18 lines of six brassicaceous species, the lowest probability of midge injury was found on Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz lines in both years. No differences were found in the probability of midge injury among any of the 13 Brassica Linnaeus species lines tested, including commercial glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant Brassica napus Linnaeus canola lines, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun), brown or oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew), or Polish canola (Brassica rapa Linnaeus) lines. Probability of midge injury on Sinapis alba Linnaeus yellow mustard lines reached levels between those on Camelina sativa lines and those on Brassica lines. A second trial examining 14 current commercial glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola cultivars found no differences in susceptibility to midge feeding among any cultivars tested. More plants were damaged in 2015 in both studies, and damage reached maximum levels earlier in 2015 than in 2014.

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Pan, Xiaowei, Daniel T. Earlywine, Reid J. Smeda, Travis C. Teuton, James T. English, Carl E. Sams, and Xi Xiong. "Effect of Oriental Mustard ( ) Seed Meal for Control of Dollar Spot on Creeping Bentgrass ( ) Turf." itsrj 13, no. 1 (2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0455.

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44

Ratanapariyanuch, Kornsulee, Robert T. Tyler, Youn Shim, and Martin JT Reaney. "Biorefinery process for protein extraction from oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) using ethanol stillage." AMB Express 2, no. 1 (2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2191-0855-2-5.

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45

Gonzalez de la Peña, Manuel A., Luis Menéndez-Arias, Rafael I. Monsalve, and Rosalía Rodríguez. "Isolation and Characterization of a Major Allergen from Oriental Mustard Seeds, Bra jI." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 96, no. 3 (1991): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000235505.

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46

Tsao, Rong, Qing Yu, Irene Friesen, John Potter, and Mikio Chiba. "Factors Affecting the Dissolution and Degradation of Oriental Mustard-Derived Sinigrin and Allyl Isothiocyanate in Aqueous Media." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 5 (May 2000): 1898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9906578.

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47

Miller, P. R., S. V. Angadi, G. L. Androsoff, B. G. McConkey, C. L. McDonald, S. A. Brandt, H. W. Cutforth, M. H. Entz, and K. M. Volkmar. "Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-029.

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We compared the growth and yield of five Brassica spp. genotypes [two B.juncea (L.) Coss., two B. napus L. and one B. rapa L.] in 11 environments spanning two degrees of latitude and longitude in southern Saskatchewan in 1996–1998. All entries were managed with three levels of N fertility at each site. Plant height for the canola-quality B. juncea breeding line J904316 was 21% greater than the mean of the other genotypes, but shoot biomass did not differ for the same comparison. Cutlass Oriental mustard consistently yielded greatest across all environments while the yield of J904316 was highly variable among environments. The mean seed yield of Cutlass was 12% greater than the highest-yielding B. napus cultivar and 32% greater than the B. rapa cultivar, and had a greater harvest index. Earlier genotypes yielded greater than late-flowering and maturing genotypes within B. juncea and B. napus, but the earliest genotype, Maverick (B. rapa), yielded lower than all other genotypes. All Brassica spp. genotypes were responsive to N fertilization, and high total available N (average = 109, range = 91 to 131 kg N ha-1) was generally required to maximize seed yield, but not shoot biomass, under the conditions of this study. Pod density was the primary yield component influenced by N level. This study illustrates the potential adaptive advantage of B. juncea on the semiarid northern Great Plains. Key words: Brassica, canola, genotype, mustard, N fertility, semiarid, northern Great Plains

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48

Geisel, Bryce G. L., Jeff J. Schoenau, Frederick A. Holm, and Eric N. Johnson. "Interactions of ALS-Inhibiting Herbicide Residues in Three Prairie Soils." Weed Science 56, no. 4 (August 2008): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-07-201.1.

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The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of two acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide residues in different Saskatchewan soils would result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. This was determined through field trials where herbicides were applied sequentially over the course of 2 yr. The herbicides examined in these experiments were imazamethabenz, flucarbazone, sulfosulfuron, and florasulam, each in combination with imazamox and imazethapyr. The phytotoxicity and persistence of the herbicides in soil was assessed using an oriental mustard root inhibition bioassay. The determination of herbicide interaction was made through the comparison of the experimentally observed values to theoretically expected values derived from a mathematical equation. On the basis of the bioassay analysis, it was found that the herbicide residue combinations resulting from sequentially applied ALS-inhibiting herbicides in the three soils produced additive injury effects rather than synergistic or antagonistic interactions.

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Torrijos, Raquel, Tiago Nazareth, Júlia Pérez, Jordi Mañes, and Giuseppe Meca. "Development of a Bioactive Sauce Based on Oriental Mustard Flour with Antifungal Properties for Pita Bread Shelf Life Improvement." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061019.

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced in the secondary metabolism of fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. In this study, the employment of oriental mustard flour (OMF) as an ingredient in a packaged sauce was evaluated for the generation in situ of the antimicrobial compound allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in order to preserve pita bread contaminated with Penicillium verrucosum VTT D-01847, an OTA producer, in an active packaging system. Four different concentrations (8, 16, 33 and 50 mg/g) were tested. Mycelium formation, mycotoxin production, AITC absorbed by the food matrix, and volatilization kinetics were studied for each concentration. The results obtained were compared with bread treated with the commercial additive calcium propionate (E-282). The results showed a shelf life increase of two and three days with the employment of 33 and 50 mg/g of OMF, with a significant reduction of the fungal population (3.1 and 5.7 logs, respectively) in comparison with the control experiment. The use of 16 and 33 mg/g of OMF in the sauce formulation decreased the concentration of OTA in the bread samples while no OTA production was detected employing 50 mg/g of OMF.

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Ferris, Gavin, Vincent D'Amico, and Christopher K. Williams. "Determining Effective Riparian Buffer Width for Nonnative Plant Exclusion and Habitat Enhancement." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/170931.

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Nonnative plants threaten native biodiversity in landscapes where habitats are fragmented. Unfortunately, in developed areas, much of the remaining forested habitat occurs in fragmented riparian corridors. Because forested corridors of sufficient width may allow forest interior specializing native species to retain competitive advantage over edge specialist and generalist nonnative plants, identifying appropriate corridor widths to minimize nonnative plants and maximize ecosystem integrity is of habitat management concern. We measured the occurrences of 4 species of nonnative plants across the widths of 31 forested riparian corridors of varying widths in the White Clay Creek watershed of Pennsylvania and Delaware. Using repeated measures ANOVA, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) prevalence did not significantly decline across buffer widths. However, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) declined strongly within the first 15–25 m. Managing for riparian corridor widths a minimum of 15–25 m has the potential to enhance habitat quality but no corridor width (≤55 m) will exclude all invasive plants.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oriental mustard'

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