Academic literature on the topic 'Orge – Agriculture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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Cavigelli, Michel A., Beth L. Hima, James C. Hanson, John R. Teasdale, Anne E. Conklin, and Yao-chi Lu. "Long-term economic performance of organic and conventional field crops in the mid-Atlantic region." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509002555.
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AbstractInterest in organic grain production is increasing in the United States but there is limited information regarding the economic performance of organic grain and forage production in the mid-Atlantic region. We present the results from enterprise budget analyses for individual crops and for complete rotations with and without organic price premiums for five cropping systems at the US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS) Beltsville Farming Systems Project (FSP) from 2000 to 2005. The FSP is a long-term cropping systems trial established in 1996 to evaluate the sustainability of organic and conventional grain crop production. The five FSP cropping systems include a conventional, three-year no-till corn (Zea maysL.)–rye (Secale cerealeL.) cover crop/soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)/soybean rotation (no-till (NT)), a conventional, three-year chisel-till corn–rye/soybean–wheat/soybean rotation (chisel tillage (CT)), a two-year organic hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth)/corn–rye/soybean rotation (Org2), a three-year organic vetch/corn–rye/soybean–wheat rotation (Org3) and a four- to six-year organic corn–rye/soybean–wheat–red clover (Trifolium pratenseL.)/orchard grass (Dactylis glomerataL.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) rotation (Org4+). Economic returns were calculated for rotations present from 2000 to 2005, which included some slight changes in crop rotation sequences due to weather conditions and management changes; additional analyses were conducted for 2000 to 2002 when all crops described above were present in all organic rotations. Production costs were, in general, greatest for CT, while those for the organic systems were lower than or similar to those for NT for all crops. Present value of net returns for individual crops and for full rotations were greater and risks were lower for NT than for CT. When price premiums for organic crops were included in the analysis, cumulative present value of net returns for organic systems (US$3933 to 5446 ha−1, 2000 to 2005; US$2653 to 2869 ha−1, 2000 to 2002) were always substantially greater than for the conventional systems (US$1309 to 1909 ha−1, 2000 to 2005; US$634 to 869 ha−1, 2000 to 2002). With price premiums, Org2 had greater net returns but also greater variability of returns and economic risk across all years than all other systems, primarily because economic success of this short rotation was highly dependent on the success of soybean, the crop with the highest returns. Soybean yield variability was high due to the impact of weather on the success of weed control in the organic systems. The longer, more diverse Org4+ rotation had the lowest variability of returns among organic systems and lower economic risk than Org2. With no organic price premiums, economic returns for corn and soybean in the organic systems were generally lower than those for the conventional systems due to lower grain yields in the organic systems. An exception to this pattern is that returns for corn in Org4+ were equal to or greater than those in NT in four of six years due to both lower production costs and greater revenue than for Org2 and Org3. With no organic premiums, present value of net returns for the full rotations was greatest for NT in 4 of 6 years and greatest for Org4+ the other 2 years, when returns for hay crops were high. Returns for individual crops and for full rotations were, in general, among the lowest and economic risk was, in general, among the highest for Org2 and Org3. Results indicate that Org4+, the longest and most diverse rotation, had the most stable economic returns among organic systems but that short-term returns could be greatest with Org2. This result likely explains, at least in part, why some organic farmers in the mid-Atlantic region, especially those recently converting to organic methods, have adopted this relatively short rotation. The greater stability of the longer rotation, by contrast, may explain why farmers who have used organic methods for longer periods of time tend to favor rotations that include perennial forages.
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Oliynyk-Dunn, Olena. "Financial System and Agricultural Growth in Ukraine." Organizacija 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0016.
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Abstract Background/Purpose: An effective financial system should increase the efficiency of economic activities. This study provides evidence regarding the importance of financial development for agricultural growth in Ukraine. Methodology: We used non-integrated and integral indicators, time series and regression analysis to investigate the link between the financial development and agricultural growth. Results: The results based on integral indicators shows that the financial development does not affect agricultural growth in Ukraine. The study based on non-integrated indicators, which characterizes various aspects of the financial system’s banking component and agricultural growth, provided a significant link between the financial system and agriculture growth. The regression models revealed if bank deposits to GDP (%) increases the value added per worker in agriculture increases exponentially. The results of the study indicate that, agriculture is more sensitive to lending changes than the vast majority of other sectors of the economy. The increasing lending of one UAH (Ukrainian hryvnia) resulted in retail turnover growth of 1.62 UAH, while agricultural gross output, growth was UAH 5.06. Conclusion: Our results reveal a positive relationship between financial system’s banking component and agriculture growth in Ukraine. The results indicate the necessity for continued research into further developing universal methodological approaches of appraising the nexus of the financial system’s banking component on agriculture growth in general as well separate farm groups. The results of our study has important implications on policy making authorities efforts to stimulate agricultural growth by improving the efficiency of the financial system’s banking component.
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Luque Cuesta, Fernando, and Mª Carmen Hidalgo Rodríguez. "Desfragmentación edáfica, social y cerámica. Proyecto artístico centrado en el diseño de platos a partir de restos cerámicos encontrados en el agro de Casabermeja, Antequera y Orce." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 25 (December 30, 2021): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.506281.
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The main objective of this study is the creation of an artistic ceramic project that reflects the current situation of the rural world as a consequence of industrial agriculture. Current agricultural and livestock production systems have negative environmental consequences, such as erosion and pollution, and cultural consequences, such as rural exodus or the extinction of indigenous germplasm. Through the study of the rural world in the municipalities of Casabermeja, Antequera and Orce, it has been possible to verify the detriment of these lands and their culture and, at the same time, the remains of ceramic plates found in these lands reflect this reality. The methodology used is theoretical-practical: through scientific references, the destruction of pre-industrial agricultural practices is exposed against industrial agriculture; experimentation with agricultural production techniques, both traditional and modern, show their compatibility; and, finally, artistic research, which recovers ceramic remains from the past to design three plates. The artistic work is proposed as an information and awareness means of a world problem, showing the compatibility between production and biodiversity, Nature as a source of culture, and human society as a dependent part of Nature. Este estudio tiene como objetivo fundamental la creación de un proyecto artístico de cerámica que refleje la situación actual del mundo rural como consecuencia de la agricultura industrial. Los actuales sistemas de producción agrícola y ganadera tienen consecuencias negativas medioambientales como la erosión y la contaminación, y culturales como el éxodo rural o la extinción de germoplasma autóctono. A través del estudio del mundo rural en los municipios de Casabermeja, Antequera y Orce, se ha podido comprobar el detrimento de estas tierras y su cultura y, al mismo tiempo, en los restos de platos cerámicos hallados en estos terrenos se encuentra el reflejo de esta realidad. La metodología usada es teórico-práctica: mediante referentes científicos se expone la destrucción de las prácticas agropecuarias preindustriales frente a la agricultura industrial; la experimentación con técnicas de producción agrícola, tanto tradicionales como modernas, evidencian su compatibilidad; y, finalmente, la investigación artística, que recupera restos cerámicos del pasado para diseñar tres platos. La obra artística se propone como medio divulgativo y de concienciación de un problema mundial, evidenciando la compatibilidad entre producción y biodiversidad, la Naturaleza como fuente de cultura, y la sociedad humana como parte dependiente de la Naturaleza.
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Bourdin, Gérard. "Industrie, agriculture, ravitaillement (Orne 1914-1918)." Études Normandes 6, no. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/etnor.2018.3722.
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À l’engagement des troupes en première ligne répond, moins héroïque mais indispensable, toute une mobilisation de l’«arrière». Il faut en effet en priorité nourrir, équiper l’armée et lui fournir armes et munitions, alors même que le gros de la main-d’oeuvre est sous les drapeaux. Rural, mais non sans industries, le département de l’Orne en offre un bon exemple.
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Popov Cardoso, Sabine Ruth. "Agriculturas e desenvolvimento:." Sustainability in Debate 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v5n3.2014.11383.
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Resenha do livro: Sérgio Sauer e Moisés V. Balestro (orgs). Agroecologia e os desafios da transição ecológica. 2.ed. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2013. 328p. : tabs, fots., maps. ISBN 978-85743-131-1.
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Lubis, Mira Ardilla, Muhammad Fajar Abdilla, and Siti Sardiana Berutu. "Reformasi Agraria dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia pada Era Orde Lama dan Orde Baru." Analisis Sejarah: Mencari Jalan Sejarah 14, no. 2 (July 5, 2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jas.v14i2.125.
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Agrarian reform encompasses a series of government actions and policies designed to restructure the land system, aiming to enhance social justice, reduce land ownership inequality, increase agricultural productivity, and stimulate economic growth in the agricultural sector. These reforms typically involve transferring land from large owners to smaller farmers, improving the land ownership structure, and granting land to farmers. This study employs descriptive qualitative research. According to Lexi J. Moleong, qualitative research seeks to understand phenomena experienced by the subjects. Although agrarian reform in Indonesia began during Dutch colonialism, significant reforms were implemented during the Old Order and New Order eras, particularly through Law Number 5 of 1960, known as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This law established regulations related to agrarian principles during the Old Order period. The Old Order’s agrarian reform aimed to dismantle colonial capitalism and feudalism by nationalizing foreign companies and redistributing land. However, agrarian reform in Indonesia still faces numerous challenges that need to be addressed to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
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Pranadji, T., and Wahida. "Environmental policy, ecology, and threat towards the unsustainable agriculture development in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012078.
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Abstract Sustainable Development Goals that are targeted to be achieved in 2030 are the answer in balancing development activities and their impact on the environment and natural ecosystem. Since the New Order Era (Orde Baru), Indonesia has been implemented a development strategy that focused on growth. This strategy contributes a significant impact to biodiversity, natural resources, and environment. Agriculture activities itself in the traditional or modern term refers to the effort to exploit the ecosystem. However, the level of exploitation in many cases is not controllable, and overexploitation occurs along the development process. The study of social ecology aims to examine and predict whether agricultural development has complied with sustainable principles or, on the opposite, it leads toward an unsustainable manner. At a global level, agricultural policy or commodities policy is translated into a new measurement that has a potential impact on market access for several commodities. European Union introduces this measurement as European Green Deal, while the UK introduces a similar measurement and known as the environmental bill. Indonesian agricultural development history has marked the principles that have been in place affiliated with neo-liberal values and translates into over-exploitation to natural resources, environment, and local biodiversity. Review toward the existing agriculture policies that have been implemented nationwide and the existing requirements toward green economics principles are important for Indonesia, in particular, to measure the level of readiness to supply global with stringent standardization toward environment and biodiversity.
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Santos, Elisana Batista dos, Osvaldo Ryohei Kato, and Roberta de Fátima Rodrigues Coelho. "Transição produtiva dos sistemas convencionais para Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) nas propriedades de agricultores familiares do município de Tomé-açu, Pará." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 7 (July 17, 2024): e5872. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n7-199.
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É importante que os agricultores familiares conheçam o processo de transição produtiva dos sistemas agroflorestais para fortalecer a adoção dessa prática. O objetivo deste arti-go é entender o processo de transição do sistema convencional de uso da terra para os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) em propriedades de agricultores familiares do município de Tomé-Açu, Pará. Foram selecionadas propriedades que passaram pelo processo de transição de seus sistemas de cultivos (Roça-32 propriedades; Pimenta-do-reino- 19 pro-priedades; e Pasto-09 propriedades). A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada que abordou os seguintes itens: origem, escolaridade e faixa etária do chefe de família; tempo que o agricultor trabalha na agricultura; mão de obra; e estrutura orga-nizacional, por meio do ODK Collect. A maioria dos agricultores são paraenses, estuda-ram até o ensino básico incompleto, apresentam idade de 31 a 60 anos, trabalham há mais de 20 anos na agricultura e contratam mão de obra principalmente para a implanta-ção do SAF. A maioria das propriedades tinham a roça antes da implantação do SAF e vários processos de mudanças de forma sequencial do sistema convencional para o SAF foram identificados. As categorias roça e pimenta-do-reino apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies de plantas nos SAFs. Existe uma preferência dos agricultores pelas espécies frutíferas que provavelmente está relacionada com a segurança alimentar da família e com as demandas do mercado local.
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Antonio, Gerson José Yunes, Renato Linhares De Assis, and Adriana Maria de Aquino. "VULNERABILIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR FRENTE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19." Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia 15, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33240/rba.v15i4.23277.
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No atual contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, as populações em condições sociais desfavoráveis são mais frágeis. A agroecologia, o consumo responsável e o comércio justo são estratégias para reduzir essa vulnerabilidade. Experiências na Região Serrana Fluminense, relativas ao meio rural para mitigar as consequências de tragédia ambiental ocorrida em 2011, bem como o cenário produtivo e de mercado da agricultura orgânica podem ser referência para reversão dos efeitos decorrentes da pandemia. Utiliza-se entrevistas, revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e conhecimento da realidade agrÃcola local. Conclui-se que sociedades sustentáveis demandam uma agricultura com sistemas de produção diversificados e polÃticas públicas voltadas para o fortalecimento das organizações sociais, que reconheçam a importância das questões de gênero, contribuam para processos coletivos de construção de conhecimentos adequados, e favoreçam estratégias de mercado justo, aproximando agricultores e consumidores.
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Pratiwi, Ananta Daru, Alifia Maulina, Aldilla Amalia, M. Fahza Rahmadi Rega, and Ahmad Agil Surya R. "Pengaruh Perencanaan Pembangunan Era Orde Lama pada Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia." Journal of Economics Development Issues 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v6i1.151.
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The reign of Indonesia's Old Order lasted for about 23 years, from 1945 to 1968 under the leadership of President Soekarno. The economic situation in the early days of independence (1945-1949) was quite bad, including various problems such as very high inflation, the Dutch economic cessation since November 1945, and massive exploitation during the colonial period. However, during the old order, President Soekarno had a development strategy based on this development plan. This development plan put more emphasis on political development efforts where at that time the government was trying to maintain national independence. In 1947 the government started planning by making a Three-Year Production Plan for the Republic of Indonesia in 1948, 1949, and 1950. This program focused on agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, forestry, and other programs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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Nguyen, Van Cuong. "Exploration de la cartographie par analyse d'association («Association Mapping») chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29300/29300.pdf.
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Esteves, Patricio. "Optimisation de la culture de microspores isolées chez les orges de printemps à six rangs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30476/30476.pdf.
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Les plantes haploïdes doublées (HD) sont des individus complètement homozygotes qui peuvent être obtenus via l’androgenèse in vitro. Les HD sont très appréciés comme outils de recherche en génétique et en amélioration végétale. La culture de microspores isolées (CMI) est le moyen le plus efficace de produire des HD. Malheureusement, les orges de printemps à six rangs, le type prédominant cultivé dans l’Est du Canada, sont considérées comme récalcitrantes à cause d’une faible embryogenèse et d’une propension à l’albinisme. Notre objectif était de développer un protocole CMI adapté à ce type d’orge. Nous avons entamé des travaux exploratoires sur quatre cultivars : ACCA et Léger (six rangs, printemps), Gobernadora (deux rangs, printemps) et Igri (deux rangs, hiver). Dans une première phase, nous avons évalué l’impact de quatre facteurs physiques. Nous avons trouvé que l’optimisation du stade de récolte des tiges pouvait augmenter de 2 à 4 fois la récolte de microspores embryogéniques. Deuxièmement, deux des prétraitements (0,3 M mannitol pendant 2 jours et une combinaison de froid et de chaleur pendant 15 jours) ont tous deux été significativement plus productifs qu’un prétraitement très largement employé (28 jours à 4 °C). Troisièmement, l’ajout de mannitol au milieu d’induction a permis de doubler le nombre de plantes vertes obtenues. Finalement, la densité des microspores à l’étalement a eu un impact significatif sur l’obtention de plantes vertes, 106 microspores/ml s’étant avéré optimal. Dans une deuxième phase, nous avons exploré l’utilisation de régulateurs de croissance alternatifs tant dans le milieu d’induction (thidiazuron et dicamba) que de régénération (meta-topoline). Comparativement à des milieux témoins contenant principalement la 6-benzyl-aminopurine, nos milieux d’induction ont produit 5,1 fois plus de plantes vertes, principalement par réduction de l’albinisme. Notre milieu de régénération amélioré a permis d’obtenir 2,9 fois plus de plantes vertes que le témoin. Finalement, ces résultats ont été validés avec succès sur des génotypes F1 d’un programme d’amélioration. Au terme de ce travail, nous avons ainsi réussi à améliorer substantiellement l’efficacité de la CMI chez les orges de printemps à six rangs.Doubled haploid (DH) plants are completely homozygous individuals that can be generated via in vitro androgenesis. DHs are useful as research tools both for genetic studies and in plant breeding. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is the most efficient way to produce DHs. Unfortunately, six-row spring barley genotypes, the main type produced in Eastern Canada, are considered recalcitrant because of a low embryogenesis and a high rate of albinism. Our objective was to develop an IMC protocol more suitable to this type of barley. We carried out exploratory work on four barley cultivars: ACCA and Léger (six-row, spring), Gobernadora (two-row, spring) and Igri (two-row, winter). In a first phase, we explored four factors. First, we found that a 2-4-fold increase in the yield of embryogenic microspores is possible by optimizing the harvest stage for each genotype. Second, two pretreatments (0.3M mannitol for 2 days or a combination of cold and heat over 15 days) both performed significantly better than the commonly used cold pretreatment (28 days at 4°C). Third, an induction medium containing mannitol doubled green plant regeneration. Fourth, we observed a marked effect of microspore plating density on the number of green plants obtained, with 106 microspores/ml yielding the best results. In a second phase we explored the use of alternative growth regulators both in the induction medium (thidiazuron and dicamba) and in the regeneration medium (meta-topoline). Compared to control media containing 6-benzyl-aminopurine, our improved induction medium lead to a 5.1-fold increase in green plant production, mainly achieved by reducing albinism. Similarly, our regeneration medium yielded 2.9-fold more green plants than the control. Finally, these results were successfully validated using F1 genotypes from a breeding program. On the whole, we have succeeded in substantially improving the efficiency of IMC in this type of recalcitrant barley.
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Sangaré, Mahamadou. "Optimisation de la culture d'anthères chez l'orge de printemps à six rangs (Hordeum vulgare)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25691/25691.pdf.
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Huit régimes hormonaux ont été comparés en culture d’anthères chez deux génotypes d’orge de printemps à six rangs. Quatre paramètres ont été notés : le nombre de cals, d’embryons, de plantes vertes et d’albinos. L’analyse de la variance a montré que les génotypes (G), les traitements (T), le rang de récolte des épis (R) et l’interaction R x G avaient des impacts significatifs sur les paramètres à l’étude. Le génotype Altona s’est montré beaucoup plus prolifique que le génotype C97-21-38-3 (19,6 vs 1,3 plantes vertes par 100 anthères). Les traitements 3 (0,1 mg/L de BAP ; 0,1mg/L de 2,4-D) et 6 (0,3 mg/L de BAP ; 0,3 mg/L de 2,4-D) ont permis d’obtenir entre 2 et 3 fois plus de plantes vertes que les traitements témoins. Finalement, chez Altona, les deuxième et troisième épis ont produit significativement plus de plantes vertes, alors que chez C97-21-38-3 aucune différence n’a été observée.Eight hormonal regimes were compared in anther culture on two genotypes of six-row spring barley. Observations were made on four parameters: the number of calli, embryos, green plants and albinos. An analysis of variance showed that the genotype (G), the treatment (T), the harvest rank of the spike (R) and the R X G interaction all had significant impacts on the studied parameters. Altona proved much more productive in anther culture than C97-21-38-3 (19.6 vs 1.3 green plants per 100 anthers). Treatments 3 (0.1 mg/L BAP; 0.1mg/L 2,4-D) and 6 (0.3 mg/L BAP; 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D) yielded between 2 and 3-fold more green plants than the control treatments. Finally, whereas the second and third spikes produced significantly more green plants than the first spike with Altona, no such difference was observed with C97-21-38-3.
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Lamara, Mebarek. "Analyse comparative de la diversité génétique et de la structure des populations chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) à l'aide de marqueurs SSR, DArT et du pedigree." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27341/27341.pdf.
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Gauthier, Mélanie. "Le déséquilibre de liaison chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) : une fenêtre d'observation sur les effets de la sélection." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27330/27330.pdf.
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Hanchane, Mohamed. "Calage, validation et application du modèle céres-orge pour l'analyse des risques climatiques en fonction des choix de la variété et de la date de semis en conditions climatiques marocaines." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10020.
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L'objectif de notre etude est l'evaluation des risques climatiques auxquels sont exposees les varietes d'orge au maroc. En premiere partie, nous avons montre, a travers les essais experimentaux realises dans les domaines seni- aride et subhumide marocains, la necessite d'integrer le type varietale et la date de semis pour estimer les risques climatiques a differents stades de developpement de la plante. Differentes approches empiriques ont ete entreprises pour repondre d'une facon generale aux objectifs fixes : les risques climatiques sont estimes pour les cereales d'automne et le sol est ignore ou decrit sommairement. Notre etude est fondee sur le modele de simulation ceres-orge, elabore par ritchie et al (1989), dans lequel la plante est definie par des parametres genetiques qui decrivent chaque variete etudiee. L'etat hydrique du sol et le climat representent l'environnement qui conditionne la croissance et le developpement de la plante. L'interet du modele, malgre sa complexite, est de tenir compte de la duree du cycle de la variete et des pratiques culturales (date de semis, densite de peuplement, irrigation. . . ) de ce fait, il repond parfaitement a nos objectifs. Mais avant toute application, les parametres genetiques du modele doivent etre cales et le modele valide. Ces deux operations sont realisees en utilisant des donnees experimentales relatives aux processus de croissance et de developpement de la plante ainsi qu'a l'etat hydrique du sol. Les resultats obtenus montrent ,grace aux methodes statistiques d'optimisation et de regression, que le modele est utilisable pour l'estimation des stades de developpement (erreur d'estimation de 5 jours), du rendement (erreur d'estimation de 3qx/ha) et du bilan hydrique a differentes periodes de l'annee. En outre, nous avons montre les possibilites de son extension spatiale et de son domaine d'utilisation. A la lumiere de ces resultats, le modele ceres-orge a ete utilise pour estimer, en fonction de la date de semis, les risques climatiques auxquels sont exposes deux varietes d'orge (arig8 et acsad6o) a quatre periodes critiques de developpement : semis-levee, croissance de l'epi, floraison, formation des grains. Cette application a ete realisee dans quatre regions agroclimatiques appartenant aux etages bioclimatiques semi-aride (khouribga, settat, safi) et subhumide (meknes). Les risques climatiques etudies cor
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LAGE, Marcela Ferreira Rocha. "O mercado org?nico de BH: um estudo de caso das feiras org?nicas municipais." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1828.
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From the year of 2002 eight (8) organic fairs were installed, in three regions of the city of Belo Horizonte - MG. The objective of the work is to survey the history, characteristics, the profile of family farmers / marketers and the profile of consumers and possible consumers of these fairs. It also seeks to analyze the difficulties for expansion in the production and marketing of the studied fairs. The study based on observations during the fairs and interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. There were 214 interviews with the attendees of the eight fairs. In addition to the questionnaire applied to consumers, five interviews were conducted with family farmers using another questionnaire and an interview with the supervisor of the Belo Horizonte City Hall. The results of the survey point to the existence of eight organic fairs, located in neighborhoods with higher per capita income, regulated by the Belo Horizonte City Hall with the participation of 5 (five) family farmers who face difficulties when it comes to required labor, the regularity of delivery and the quantity to be produced. The majority of the consumers were women between the ages of 30 and 54, with high schooling and monthly income, between 9 to 12 minimum salaries. Fairs are important channels for the commercialization of the organic production of family farmers and enable the proximity and establishment of trust relations between farmers and consumers mutually.
A partir do ano de 2002 foram instaladas 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, em tr?s regi?es do munic?pio de Belo Horizonte ? MG. O trabalho tem como objetivo o levantamento do hist?rico, das caracter?sticas, do perfil dos agricultores familiares/feirantes e do perfil dos consumidores e poss?veis consumidores destas feiras. Procura-se tamb?m analisar os gargalos para a expans?o na produ??o e comercializa??o das feiras estudadas. O estudo foi realizado por meio de observa??es in loco e de entrevistas com o uso de question?rios semi-estruturados. Foram realizadas 214 entrevistas com os frequentadores das oito feiras. Al?m do question?rio aplicado aos consumidores, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com os agricultores familiares/ feirantes com a utiliza??o de um outro question?rio e uma entrevista com o supervisor da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a exist?ncia de 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, situadas em bairros com maior renda per capta, regulamentadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte com a participa??o de 5 (cinco) agricultores familiares que enfrentam dificuldades quando o assunto ? a m?o de obra necess?ria, a regularidade na entrega e quantidade a ser produzida. Os consumidores em sua maioria eram mulheres com idade entre 30 a 54 anos, com n?vel de escolaridade elevado e renda mensal da maioria dos entrevistados de 9 a 12 sal?rios m?nimos. As feiras s?o importantes canais de comercializa??o da produ??o org?nica dos agricultores familiares e possibilita a proximidade e o estabelecimento de rela??es de confian?a dos agricultores com os consumidores e vice-versa
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Le, Guyader Elie. "Influence des amendements organiques issus de résidus de palmier dattier sur les propriétés et la fertilité de sols de régions arides et semi-arides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS028.
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Ce doctorat s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet ISFERALDA (Improving Soil FERtility in Arid and semi-arid regions using Local DAte palm residues), qui vise à développer la valorisation des résidus de palmier dattier pour la production d’amendements organiques en Tunisie et en Algérie et améliorer la résilience des agroécosystèmes des régions sèches. Les objectifs étaient d’étudier l’influence des apports de compost et de biochar sur les propriétés des sols et leur capacité de production végétale. Des expérimentations conduites en laboratoire ont permis d’évaluer l’effet du compost, du biochar et du mélange compost-biochar sur la capacité de rétention en eau de sols avec des textures contrastées. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation de la réserve utile de 80 % dans un sol sableux avec l’apport de biochar, tandis que le compost avait un effet plus modéré (+12 %). Des incubations en conditions contrôlées avec un sol sableux d’oasis ont permis d’estimer la part de carbone minéralisée du compost produit en Tunisie (≈17 % après 112 jours). En parallèle, des analyses Rock-Eval® ont révélé une stabilité thermique contrastée selon les composts étudiés, mettant en évidence des difficultés dans le processus de compostage du palmier dattier. Enfin, une culture d’orge a été conduite en cellule Écolab sous climat aride simulé pour étudier l’effet des amendements organiques sur la production végétale et la dynamique de lixiviation des macronutriments. Les résultats n’ont pas montré de potentiel améliorant à court terme du biochar, seul ou enrichi avec une source organique riche en azote. Le compost a amélioré les rendements en grains de l’orge, bien que la fourniture en azote ait été limitée dans la durée. En conclusion, le compost améliore la fertilité des sols sableux à court terme, mais sa composition riche en sels nécessite une attention particulière afin de réduire le risque de salinisation des milieux cultivés en régions sèches. Le biochar de palmier dattier est stable dans le sol mais l’intérêt de son application est limité sur le plan de la nutrition minérale des végétauxThis PhD is part of the ISFERALDA project (Improving Soil FERtility in Arid and semi-arid regions using Local DAte palm residues), which aims to develop the transformation of date palm residues in organic amendments to improve the resilience of agroecosystems in dry regions. The objectives were to study the influence of compost and biochar inputs on soil properties and plant productivity. First, laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effect of compost, biochar and compost-biochar mixtures on the water retention capacity of soils with contrasting textures. Results showed an increase in available water capacity (+80%) in a sandy soil with the addition of biochar, while compost had little effect (+12%). Incubations under controlled conditions with an oasis sandy soil enabled us to estimate the proportion of mineralized carbon in the compost produced in Tunisia (≈17% after 117 days). In parallel, Rock-Eval® analyses revealed contrasting thermal stability depending on the composts studied, highlighting difficulties in the date palm composting process. Finally, a barley crop was grown in an Ecolab cell under a simulated arid climate to study the effect of organic amendments on plant productivity and leaching losses of macronutrients. The results showed no improvement potential with biochar addition at the short-term, either alone or enriched with a nitrogen-rich organic source. Compost improved barley grain yields, although nitrogen supply was limited over time. In conclusion, compost improves the fertility of sandy soils in the short term, but its salt-rich composition requires specific attention to reduce the risk of salinization in cultivated environments in drylands. Date palm biochar is stable in the soil, but its use is limited in terms of plant mineral nutrition
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Ravelojaona, Nomena. "Evaluation of STICS model performance for long-term simulation of biomass production and nitrogen nutrition of spring barley and timothy cultivated in two important agricultural regions in Quebec (Canada)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0503.
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L’orge de printemps (Hordeum vulgare L.) et la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L.) sont des cultures de première importance économique pour la Province du Québec et d’autres régions de climat continental froid et humide (Amérique du Nord, les pays nordiques…). Les modèles sol-culture sont des outils puissants capables de calculer de nombreuses variables d’intérêt agronomique et environnemental. Ils sont conçus pour simuler les interactions complexes entre les cultures, l'eau et l'azote (N) du sol dans le continuum sol–plante–atmosphère. Entre autres modèles, STICS est un modèle sol–culture basé sur les processus, qui a été développé initialement pour des conditions agropédoclimatiques de régions tempérées. Cependant, étant un modèle générique, il est possible de l’adapter aux conditions d’autres agrosystèmes.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’analyser et d’élargir le domaine d’application de STICS à ces deux cultures d’importance économique cultivées dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la province de Québec et d’évaluer les performances prédictives du modèle sur des simulations sur le long terme. Cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de la généricité de STICS pour des agrosystèmes québécois. Outre le contexte climatique, l’originalité de ce travail porte sur les cultures étudiées, orge de printemps et fléole des prés, et le nombre d’années successives de simulations en continu (sans réinitialisation annuelle). Les performances prédictives de STICS ont été analysées pour la production de biomasse aérienne annuelle, sa teneur en N et la quantité de N exporté pour i) une monoculture d’orge de printemps de 31 ans cultivée avec deux modes de travail du sol et fertilisée avec deux sources de N différentes (engrais azoté minéral et lisier de vaches laitières) ; et ii) une prairie de fléole des prés de 8 ans, fertilisée chaque année avec quatre doses d’engrais azoté minéral (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). Nous avons utilisé les bases de données de deux dispositifs expérimentaux au champ d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.Pour la monoculture d’orge, la procédure de calibration de STICS a nécessité l'ajustement des paramètres de cultivar en particulier, confirmant ainsi la généricité de la plupart des paramètres des plantes définis dans STICS. Les valeurs simulées sur une période de 31 ans se sont révélées être correctement en accord avec les valeurs observées des variables d’intérêt pour les différents traitements, mais avec une plus grande dispersion pour la nutrition azotée. Les résultats de la simulation des attributs de la production végétale au moment de la récolte étaient plus précis pour les années où les précipitations étaient proches de la normale. Pour la prairie de fléole des prés suivie pendant 8 ans, la correspondance entre les valeurs observées et simulées était satisfaisante pour la première coupe effectuée au printemps. STICS a correctement simulé l'effet positif de la dose de fertilisation azotée sur la production de biomasse et la nutrition azotée des plantes. Néanmoins, les valeurs simulées étaient surestimées par le modèle en l’absence de fertilisation azotée. Si l’on excepte cette situation très particulière, non représentative des pratiques agronomiques, les performances de STICS sont donc satisfaisantes dans le contexte dans le contexte des deux essais au champ étudiés. De plus, STICS a bien reproduit la tendance à la baisse de la productivité de la fléole des prés observée en fonction de l'âge de la prairie. Les résultats ont montré que cette baisse de rendement au fil du temps est fortement corrélée à la réduction de la réserve métabolique dans les organes de réserve.En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a montré l’applicabilité et la fiabilité du modèle STICS pour la simulation sur le long terme de la production de biomasse et de la nutrition azotée d'orge de printemps et de la fléole des prés dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la Province de QuébecSpring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) are crops of prime economic importance for the province of Quebec and other regions with cold, humid continental climate (North America, Nordic countries, etc.). Soil-crop models are powerful tools for calculating, a wide range of agronomic and environmental variables, since they are designed to simulate the complex interactions between crops, water, and soil nitrogen (N) in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Among other models, STICS is a process-based soil-crop model developed initially for temperate agropedoclimatic conditions. However, it can be adapted to conditions of other agrosystems.The objectives of this thesis were to analyze and extend the scope of application of STICS to these two economically important crops grown under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec, and to evaluate the model's predictive performance on long–term simulations. This thesis is a contribution to the study of the genericity of STICS for Quebec agrosystems. In addition to the climatic context, the originality of this work lies in the crops studied – spring barley and timothy – and the number of successive years of continuous simulations (without annual reinitialization). The predictive performances of STICS were analyzed for aboveground biomass production, N content and N export for i) a 31-year spring barley monoculture grown under two tillage systems and fertilized with two N sources (mineral N and liquid dairy manure); and ii) an 8-year timothy grassland, fertilized each year with four application N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). We used databases from two experimental field trials conducted by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.For the barley monoculture, the STICS calibration procedure required the adjustment of cultivar parameters in particular, thus confirming the genericity of most plant parameters defined in STICS. There is a good agreement between observed and predicted variables of interest with the various tillage systems and N sources during the 31 successive barley cropping years, but with greater dispersion for the N nutrition. Predictions of crop attributes were more accurate in years with rainfall close to the long-term average. For timothy grassland grown over 8 years, the agreement between observed and predicted values was satisfactory for the first harvest. STICS correctly simulated the positive effect of the N application rates on biomass production and plant N nutrition. Nevertheless, the predicted values were overestimated by the model in the absence of N fertilization. Except for this very specific situation, which is not representative of agronomic practices, STICS performed satisfactorily in the context of the two field experiments studied. In addition, STICS reproduced well decreasing trend in timothy productivity observed with the age of the sward. The results showed that this decrease in yield over time is strongly correlated with the reduction in metabolic reserve in the perennial organs.In conclusion, this thesis work has demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the STICS model for the long-term simulation of biomass production and N nutrition of spring barley and timothy under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec
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PEREIRA, Marcelo da Silva. "Avalia??o da sustentabilidade de sistemas de produ??o agr?cola de base ecol?gica no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1334.
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A study to assess the sustainability of ecological agricultural systems was conducted in Nova Friburgo,RJ, Brazil, in farms conducted under organic production or agroecological transition. This study was based in the System of Environmental Impact Assessment of New Rural Activities, which consists of 62 indicators integrated into an evaluation platform. It is based on the involvement and knowledge of farmers regarding to their establishment, and also considerer field and laboratory analysis on the quality of soil and water, allowing the calculation of indices of environmental performance of productive activity. Evaluation results showed that impact indexes of the dimensions ?Landscape Ecology? and ?Management and Administration? were the main differences between organic and agroecological transition systems. Organic farmers have greater productive diversity and dominion over the various forms of marketing agroecological transition farmers. It was evident the positive contribution of organic agriculture, especially regarding to the increased variety in production and consequently increase in the sustainability of those who are at an early stage of transition.
Um estudo para avaliar a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produ??o de base ecol?gica foi realizado no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, RJ, em unidades de produ??o org?nica ou em transi??o agroecol?gica. Empregou-se para esse estudo o Sistema de Avalia??o Ponderada de Impacto Ambiental de Atividades do Novo Rural (APOIA-NovoRural), que consiste num conjunto de 62 indicadores integrados em uma plataforma de avalia??o que se fundamenta no envolvimento e no conhecimento dos produtores rurais quanto a seu estabelecimento. Da mesma forma, foram realizadas an?lises de campo e laborat?rio relativas ? qualidade do solo e da ?gua, que permitem o c?lculo de ?ndices de desempenho ambiental da atividade produtiva. Os resultados das avalia??es mostraram que os ?ndices de impacto das dimens?es ?Ecologia da Paisagem? e ?Gest?o e Administra??o? foram os principais diferenciais entre as unidades de produ??o org?nica e as em transi??o agroecol?gica, uma vez que os agricultores org?nicos possuem uma maior diversidade produtiva e t?m um dom?nio maior sobre as diversas formas de comercializa??o que os agricultores em transi??o agroecol?gica. Ficou evidente a contribui??o positiva da agricultura org?nica em rela??o a benef?cios futuros, caso haja uma maior intera??o entre os grupos de agricultores em n?veis variados de transi??o agroecol?gica, principalmente no que diz respeito ao aumento da variedade produtiva e consequente aumento da sustentabilidade daqueles que se encontram em um est?gio inicial de transi??o.
Books on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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Darsono. Peran pemerintah dalam pembangunan pertanian dan agroindustri di Indonesia: Analisis kritis pada era Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi. Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia: Kerja sama Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan (LPP), UPT Penerbitan dan Pencetakan UNS (UNS Press), dan Pusat Penelitian Pedesaan dan Pengembangan Daerah (Puslitdesbangda-LPPM), Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2009.
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Darsono. Peran pemerintah dalam pembangunan pertanian dan agroindustri di Indonesia: Analisis kritis pada era Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi. Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia: Kerja sama Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan (LPP), UPT Penerbitan dan Pencetakan UNS (UNS Press), dan Pusat Penelitian Pedesaan dan Pengembangan Daerah (Puslitdesbangda-LPPM), Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2009.
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Darsono. Peran pemerintah dalam pembangunan pertanian dan agroindustri di Indonesia: Analisis kritis pada era Orde Baru dan Orde Reformasi. Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia: Kerja sama Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan (LPP), UPT Penerbitan dan Pencetakan UNS (UNS Press), dan Pusat Penelitian Pedesaan dan Pengembangan Daerah (Puslitdesbangda-LPPM), Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2009.
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Suhendar, Endang. Tanah sebagai komoditas: Kajian kritis atas kebijakan pertanahan Orde Baru. Jakarta: ELSAM, 1996.
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Valero, Soledad Garrido. Recomendaciones y estrategias para desarrollar la agricultura ecolo gica en Iberoame rica: Proyecto XIX.4 de CYTED sobre normativas de agricultura orga nica para Iberoame rica. Madrid]: CYTED, 2005.
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Singh, Devendra Pal. Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Singh, Devendra Pal. Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Singh, Devendra Pal. Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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Management of Wheat and Barley Diseases. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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Silber, Simão Davi. Trade Policy from the 1930s to the Present. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.21.
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This chapter analyzes Brazilian trade policies over the course of nearly a century and their effects on trade performance, competitiveness, and growth. Historically, Brazilian trade and investment policies have been characterized as highly protectionist to foster inward industrialization growth. At an aggregate level, Brazil lost ground in world markets for most of the products categories, except commodities. In particular, in agriculture trade and iron ore, the country became a “large player.” The chapter analyzes the links between the current account balance, capital flows, and the real exchange rate. Developed countries agreements with Latin American countries eroded the Brazilian position in developed countries’ markets. This is one of the challenges facing Brazil in the near future: how to increase market access in a world that is segmented by regional agreements, new competitive players, and laggard multilateral trade negotiation to open agricultural markets.
Book chapters on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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"Iron Ore." In Agricultural and Mineral Commodities Year Book, 163–68. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203403556-23.
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Szmoniewski, Bartłomiej. "Pierwsi Słowianie nad Wisłą w rejonie Krakowa / The first Slavs on the Vistula River in the area of Kraków." In Kartki z dziejów igołomskiego powiśla, 137–50. Wydawnictwo i Pracownia Archeologiczna PROFIL-ARCHEO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/igolomia2020.08.
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The decline of antiquity, the Migration Period, was in Central Europe a time of fundamental changes, the content of which we are only gradually discovering. Stable settlement structures that existed here for centuries have mostly “disappeared” from the archaeological record. A new cultural quality has appeared: the Slavs. Eleven settlements dating back to the Early Slavic phase were discovered between Kraków-Mogiła and Wawrzeńczyce. Residents of these settlements began to arrive on the upper Vistula probably after the middle of the 5th century from eastern Europe, or more precisely from the upper Dnieper basin. In Poland, the earliest early Slavic sites, including those from the vicinity of Igołomia, are referred to as Prague culture. These small settlements consisted of a few semi-sunken dwellings, free-standing ovens and household pits. Handmade pottery has survived in their relics, and much less frequently other products, including “luxury” ones, such as combs, brooches and pendants. The population engaged mainly in agriculture, and non-agricultural production satisfied only domestic needs. Pots were made, wool was spun, fabrics were woven, wood tar was made, unsophisticated ornaments were cast, and iron was smelted from the ore, mainly for tools.
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Szmoniewski, Bartłomiej Szymon. "Pierwsi Słowianie nad Wisłą w rejonie Krakowa / The first Slavs on the Vistula River in the area of Kraków." In Kartki z dziejów igołomskiego powiśla, 179–92. 2nd ed. Wydawnictwo i Pracownia Archeologiczna Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/igolomia2021.10.
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The decline of antiquity, the Migration Period, was in Central Europe a time of fundamental changes, the content of which we are only gradually discovering. Stable settlement structures that existed here for centuries have mostly “disappeared” from the archaeological record. A new cultural quality has appeared: the Slavs. Eleven settlements dating back to the Early Slavic phase were discovered between Kraków-Mogiła and Wawrzeńczyce. Residents of these settlements began to arrive on the upper Vistula probably after the middle of the 5th century from eastern Europe, or more precisely from the upper Dnieper basin. In Poland, the earliest early Slavic sites, including those from the vicinity of Igołomia, are referred to as Prague culture. These small settlements consisted of a few semi-sunken dwellings, free-standing ovens and household pits. Handmade pottery has survived in their relics, and much less frequently other products, including “luxury” ones, such as combs, brooches and pendants. The population engaged mainly in agriculture, and non-agricultural production satisfied only domestic needs. Pots were made, wool was spun, fabrics were woven, wood tar was made, unsophisticated ornaments were cast, and iron was smelted from the ore, mainly for tools.
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Ma, Qing-Ping. "Biotechnology." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 112–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch007.
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Biotechnology utilizes biological systems or living organisms to create, develop, or make products. This chapter reviews the current state of biotechnology and examines its future trends. Currently, biotechnology plays key roles in medicine, agriculture, and industry. In medicine, vaccines which still rely on biological systems for their production, are the best tools to prevent infectious diseases; antibodies and RNA/DNA probes have been crucial in detecting and treating diseases; and genetic editing and gene therapy is making it possible to treat hereditary diseases. In agriculture, biotechnology is generating crops that produce high yields and need fewer inputs, crops that need fewer applications of pesticides, and crops with enhanced nutrition profiles. In industry, biotechnology is being utilized in food processing, metal ore processing, the production of chemicals, and reducing energy consumption and pollution.
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Ma, Qing-Ping. "Biotechnology." In Research Anthology on Bioinformatics, Genomics, and Computational Biology, 335–55. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3026-5.ch016.
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Biotechnology utilizes biological systems or living organisms to create, develop, or make products. This chapter reviews the current state of biotechnology and examines its future trends. Currently, biotechnology plays key roles in medicine, agriculture, and industry. In medicine, vaccines which still rely on biological systems for their production, are the best tools to prevent infectious diseases; antibodies and RNA/DNA probes have been crucial in detecting and treating diseases; and genetic editing and gene therapy is making it possible to treat hereditary diseases. In agriculture, biotechnology is generating crops that produce high yields and need fewer inputs, crops that need fewer applications of pesticides, and crops with enhanced nutrition profiles. In industry, biotechnology is being utilized in food processing, metal ore processing, the production of chemicals, and reducing energy consumption and pollution.
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"Arizona Mine Ore Conveyor Bridge Collapse." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Construction, Mining, and Agricultural Equipment. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.conag.c9001588.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Enantioselective Preparation of Alcohols and Amines: The Lam Synthesis of (+)-Tanikolide." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0038.
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Takashi Ooi of Nagoya University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12240) the enantioselective protonation of ketene silyl acetals such as 1 to give 2 in high ee. Hyeon-Kyu Lee of the Korean Research Institute of Chemical Technology achieved (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4184) high ee in the hydrogenation of the cyclic sulfamidate 3 to 4. Doo Ok Jang of Yonsei University combined (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12168) the nucleophilic allyl indium with a protonated chiral amine to effect homologation of 5 to 6. Ryo Shintani and Tamio Hayashi of Kyoto University reported (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4106) a related advance with tetraarylborates. Kazuaki Ishihara, also of Nagoya University (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3502) and Yoshihiro Sohtome and Kazuo Nagasawa of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9254) devised conditions for adding malonate to imines such as 7. Professors Shintani and Hayashi also employed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13168) tetraarylborates to convert 9 to the α-quaternary amine 10. Professor Ooi (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 5567) and Wanbin Zhang of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15939) prepared α-quaternary amino acids such as 12 by nucleophilic rearrangement of 11. Keiji Maruoka, also of Kyoto University, reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17074; not illustrated) a catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition approach to α-quaternary amines. Shuji Akai of the University of Shizuoka converted (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4900) the racemic allylic alcohol 13 to the enantiomerically enriched acetate 14 by combining V-catalyzed equilibration with lipase-catalyzed acylation. Toshiro Harada of the Kyoto Institute of Technology added (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5270) the alkenylboron 16 to the aldehyde 15 with high ee. Xiang Zhou of Wuhan University and Lin Pu of the University of Virginia significantly improved (Tetrahedron Lett . 2010, 51, 5024) a protocol for the enantioselective addition of aliphatic alkynes to aliphatic aldehydes. For other enantioselective additions to aldehydes (not illustrated), see J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75 , 5326 and Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5088.
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Alatrash, Hiba, Abdel Rahman M. Tawaha, Abdel Razzaq Al-Tawaha, Samia Khanum, Abdur Rauf, Arun Karnwal, Abhijit Dey, et al. "Impact of Microbial Diversity on the Environment." In Environmental Microbiology: Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Applications, 22–40. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089584122010004.
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Microbial diversity is an essential aspect of any ecosystem on earth. Microorganisms are the most common and diversified population in the soil. A microbe is a microscopic organism that can be studied in a single-cell or colony. On the other hand, microbes have a positive or negative effect on their surroundings. Microbial diversity plays an essential role in bioremediation, which is the method of detoxifying or neutralizing radioactive waste into less harmful or non-toxic compounds by secreting various bacterial and fungal enzymes. In this chapter, we focus on (i) the impact of microbial diversity on detoxifying pollutants (bioremediation), (ii) microbial role in biofuel production, (iii) microbial role in ore leaching (bioleaching), (iv) microbial role in controlling biogeochemical cycles (v) microbial role in soil quality and agriculture improvement (vi)
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Southgate, Douglas, and Morris Whitaker. "Environmental Crisis in the Latin American Countryside." In Economic Progress And The Environment, 3–9. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195087864.003.0001.
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Abstract Latin America is richly endowed with natural resources. Major deposits of oil and bauxite, copper, and other minerals are scattered from the Rio Grande to the Tierra del Fuego. At Carajas, in northern Brazil, there is enough iron ore to supply the entire world for centuries. Gold and other precious metals are mined in a number of places. The region’s renewable resources are similarly abundant. Many highland valleys in Central America and the Andes are blessed with volcanic soils and ample precipitation. Nowhere on the face of the earth are conditions better for agriculture than in the Argentine Pampas, a region that combines a Mediterranean climate with the soils of the midwestern United States. Drawing on rich natural ecosystems, many countries produce and export large quantities of timber and fish.
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Zulawski, Ann. "Wages, Ore Sharing, and Peasant Agriculture: Labour in Oruro’s Silver Mines, 1607–1720." In Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas, 199–224. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315248875-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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Zhang, J. W., S. Wang, S. L. Yang, X. Chen, W. J. Wei, and L. H. Li. "Laboratory Study on the Strength Deterioration Characteristics of Solid Potash Ore Samples in Moist Environment." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0306.
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ABSTRACT: Potassium salt rock is a typical discontinuous heterogeneous material formed naturally, which is mainly composed of carnallite, sylvite, halite and so on. Potassium salt is widely used in various industry fields (such as agriculture, chemical industry, medicine, metallurgy, electroplating, printing and dyeing, glass, etc.) and has a large demand. One of the important sources is the mining of solid potassium salt mines. Through the laboratory test of solid potassium salt ore samples obtained from an underground potassium salt mine in a mine in Laos, various mechanical parameter data of potassium salt ore deformation and failure can be obtained intuitively and effectively, so as to provide theoretical and data basis for the design of specific engineering parameters such as pillar strength calculation and size optimization. In this paper, the large potassium salt ore obtained from the underground mining site of a potassium salt mine in Laos was cut and cored, and the cylinder and disc standard specimens of the potassium salt rock were obtained. By simulating the underground moist environment under different humidity conditions, potassium salt cylinder specimens with different water contents were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the uniaxial compressive strength test and other indoor tests were carried out on these potassium salt specimens, and the test results were obtained and analyzed in depth. The results show that the potassium salt ore sample exhibits typical plastic rheological properties under the condition of unconfined uniaxial compression, and its uniaxial compressive strength in the natural state is roughly between 6.7MPa -9.3MPa; and within a certain range of water content, the uniaxial compressive strength of potash ore samples gradually decreases with the increase of water content. Through the analysis of strength deterioration characteristics of solid potash ore, it can provide scientific guidance for the optimization of pillar size in underground mining of solid potassium salt ore with different moist environments, and then lay a theoretical foundation for improving the underground mining recovery rate of potassium salt ore and reducing the waste of resources. 1. INTRODUCTION Potassium salt is a non-metallic mineral with potassium chloride and sulfate minerals as the main components (Bai et al., 2014). The main potassium salt minerals are sylvite, carnallite, potassium magnesium alum, anhydrous potassium magnesium alum, polyhalite, potassium magnesium alum, soft potassium magnesium alum and so on. In its raw state, potassium salt is an important industrial and agricultural mineral, which has important economic value, (Cheng, 2007). It is mainly used as potassium fertilizer, which is an important agricultural fertilizer resource and one of the three essential fertilizers for crops. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mining of underground solid potash ore.
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Isayeva, Natalya. "The Decreasing Ways of Contaminated Underground Water Volume in Uranium Mining and Milling Region." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1208.
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Abstract Ukrainian uranium ore mining and milling facilities are located in the tight populated areas on the valuable agricultural lands of Ukraine. The almost 50th years’ activity of these enterprises has caused the radioactive contamination of the environment. The most dangerous facilities happened to be those ones which contaminate the entrails for a long time, namely: tailings which were discharged with the uranium ore uranium mill and former uranium in-situ leaching sites which are now decommissioned and left without relevant environmental protection measures. This paper considers two uranium facilities, which impact in a similar way on such an environmental entity as underground water: the tailings and in-situ leaching site located in Dnipropetrovsk region.
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Arno, Matthew G., Janine Katanic Arno, Donald A. Halter, Robert O. Berry, and Ian S. Hamilton. "Radiological Characterization of a Copper/Cobalt Mining and Milling Site." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16322.
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Extensive copper and cobalt ore deposits can be found in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the city of Kolwezi. These deposits have been mined via open pit and underground mines since the 19th century with many changes in control of the mines including colonial industrial control and Congolese government control. With the recent re-establishment of a relatively stable democratic government in the DRC, foreign investors returned to the area to restart mining activities that were abruptly terminated in the 1990’s due to political turmoil. Some of these new projects are being performed in accordance with World Bank and International Finance Corporation Social & Environmental Sustainability standards. As part of these standards, radiological characterization of the mines, processing facilities, and surrounding environment was conducted to establish current conditions, evaluate human health and ecological risks, and provide a basis for establishment of radiation safety and environmental remediation programs. In addition to naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the copper/cobalt ore, the site was reputedly historically used to store ore from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine, the source of the uranium ore for the World War II Manhattan project. The radiological characterization was conducted via extensive gamma radiation surveys using vehicle-mounted sodium-iodide detectors, random grid composite soil sampling, biased soil sampling of areas with elevated gamma radiation levels, and sampling of surface water features. The characterization revealed broad areas of elevated gamma radiation levels of up to 160 μGy/hr in two distinct areas believed to be the Shinkolobwe uranium mine ore storage locations. Other areas, with gamma radiation levels of up to 80 μGy/hr, were detected associated with copper/cobalt ore refinery tailings and waste rock (overburden) sediments. The gamma radiation surveys revealed that elevated radiation levels were largely confined to areas previously disturbed by mechanized mining activities. Radiological contaminants in local surface water sources were within drinking water standards with the exception of one river heavily polluted with both uranium and other metals by waste streams from an ore processing and refining facility. Surrounding areas that appeared to be undisturbed by mining, including agricultural areas, native villages, and urban colonial-architecture cities, exhibited soil concentration and gamma radiation levels consistent with expected background levels.
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G., KARIMOVA, and KODIROVA M. "DOMESTIC CRAFTS FROM THE ENEOLITHIC SARAZM MATERIALS." In MODERN SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS OF EURASIAN ARCHEOLOGY. Altai State Univercity, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/msapea.2023.3.47.
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The economic-productive activity of the Sarazm population in the Eneolithic period was mainly based on the agricultural way of life, accompanied by cattle breeding, fishing and hunting, which were of secondary importance. Livestock breeding allowed the involvement of various types of domestic crafts - leatherworking, wickerwork and weaving. The planigraphy of the finds of weaving and weaving tools reflects these activities in each dwelling complex. Stone tools associated with farming are defined - tillage, reaping, and grain processing. The types of domestic production also include: woodworking, pottery, metallurgy and metalworking. Woodworking is represented by household objects. Ceramic is represented by molded vessels of various shapes and purposes. Metalworking is represented by the items associated with the processing of ore, as well as with the manufacture and processing of metal products.
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Kašić, Vladan, Ana Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Jovica Stojanović, Ivana Jelić, Slavica Mihajlović, and Nataša Đorđević. "Geological characteristics of the Lisina phosphate deposit near Bosilegrad." In Rudarstvo i geologija danas, 303–9. Rudarski institut d.o.o. Beograd, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/rgd240030k.
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The Lisina phosphate deposit is located in southeastern Serbia, on the territory of Bosilegrad, close to the Serbian-Bulgarian border. Genetically, the Lisina phosphate deposit belongs to metamorphic deposits. A narrower area of the deposit is made up of metamorphic rocks with an intensive presence of granitoid rocks. Phosphorites occur in the contact zone of the metasandstones that make up the basement and the sericitechlorite shale with intercalations of marble and kalkshist in the roof. Raw phosphates can be applied with positive effects as a fertilizer in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, where acidic soils normally prevail in over 50 % of the territory. At the end of 1966, the first calculation of ore reserves was made in the Lisina phosphorite deposit. In March 1974, based on this study, a new calculation of mineral reserves was started, and on December 31, 1975. the following balance reserves of phosphorite ore were establshed with a total of (A+B+C1 category) - 68.384.477 t of ore with 9,83 % P2O5. In 1999, ITNMS from Belgrade launched an initiative for opening and excavating the Lisina deposit. A survey of the Lisina deposit itself, including the calculation of reserves, was carried out by Geozavod-IMS. After a detailed analysis of the existing geological documentation, it was determined that surface mining would be possible in a part of the outcrop zone of the Lisina deposit, at the Panjevica (Ledine) location. The phosphate layer is located under a relatively thin (0,2-1 m) deluvial cover, covered by forest, so the location is ideal for surface mining. During the aforementioned recalculation of ore reserves in 1999 (locality of Panjevica), category B ore reserves of 1.231.331 t with 13,94 P2O5 % were obtained, which would be excavated in the future surface mine. Institute for technology of nuclear and the other raw materials Belgrade, conducted a study in 2008, [3] on the possibility of opening the deposit Lisina and producing phosphate concentrate. In this article, in addition to the geological characteristics of the Lisina deposits, the results of technological tests of samples of the phosphate mineral raw material - apatite are also given. The obtained results showed that their application increased the pH of acidic soils (especially in combination with pure calcium carbonate) and increased the yield of experimental agricultural crops.
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Soldatova, Irina, Soslan KOZYREV, and Eduard SOLDATOV. "Optimization of productive potential of mountain forage land in the Central Caucasus." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-40-46.
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The unregulated use of mountain fodder lands has led to the degradation of soil and vegetation. The use of the biologically active drug "Extrasol", zeolite-containing agro-ore and humus of sheep manure on the natural forage land of the mountain zone contributed to a change in the composition of soil nutrients by reducing the acidity of the soil solution. The germination of fallow seeds of cereals increased from 30.4 to 55.3%, legumes from 5.2 to 17.1-26.8%, which had an impact on the reduction of weed forbs from 64 to 27.6-19.5 %. The change in the structure of the herbage contributed to an increase in yield from 9.9 to 69.4 c/ha of dry weight, the concentration of feed units from 0.9 to 6.1 thousand feed units and MA to 73.9 GJ/ha, allowing to increase the load livestock on pasture and its productivity, while maintaining the ecological stability of mountain agricultural landscapes.
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Carvalho, Fernando P., Joa˜o M. Oliveira, and Lube´lia M. Torres. "Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Around Old Uranium Mining Sites Near Mangualde (Viseu), Portugal." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7366.
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Uranium ore was extracted in the surroundings of Mangualde city, North of Portugal, in the mines of Cunha Baixa, Quinta do Bispo and Espinho until a few years ago. Mining waste, milling tailings and acid mine waters are the on site remains of this extractive activity. Environmental radioactivity measurements were performed in and around these sites in order to assess the dispersal of radionuclides from uranium mining waste and the spread of acidic waters resulting from the in situ uranium leaching with sulphuric acid. Results show migration of acid waters into groundwater around the Cunha Baixa mine. This groundwater is tapped by irrigation wells in the agriculture area near the Cunha Baixa village. Water from wells displayed uranium (238U) concentrations up to 19 × 103 mBq L−1 and sulphate ion concentrations up to 1070 mg L−1. These enhanced concentrations are positively correlated with low water pH, pointing to a common origin for radioactivity, dissolved sulphate, and acidity in underground mining works. Radionuclide concentrations were determined in horticulture and farm products from this area also and results suggest low soil to plant transfer of radionuclides and low food chain transfer of radionuclides to man. Analysis of aerosols in surface air showed re suspension of dust from mining and milling waste heaps. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain mine water treatment and to plan remediation of these mine sites in order to prevent waste dispersal in the environment.
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Souza, Ewerton Henrique da Silva, Mateus Guimarães da Silva, and Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich. "Plan for the closure and environmental recovery of an area degraded by limestone extraction in Caçapava do Sul/RS." In VI Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvimulti2024-077.
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The activity of extracting minerals for the production of consumer goods, whether for agriculture, construction or other areas, is seen by most of society as something that acts against the environment and that will not bring benefits. From the moment mining activity begins in certain locations, the region will be abandoned at the end of the exploration. However, before a mining process even begins, preliminary studies are carried out during the operation and after the closure of the project at the site used for mineral extraction. These studies are essential for obtaining environmental licenses, permits for the project and other ongoing studies so that the operation of such a large activity continues to operate legally and in accordance with the requirements of the competent agencies, which must continue even after the closure of operations. Based on this, the work aims to develop a plan for the recovery of the degraded area and the closure of the mine from the extraction of limestone, whose activities have been suspended. The methodology applied to carry out the work was based on data collection from a project, mainly field information, and then consultations were made with the literature and current legislation with the aim of implementing steps so that the plan for closing and recovering the degraded area could be successful. The results demonstrated the path to be followed in order to carry out the type of mine closure that was classified as premature due to the suspension of activities after the observation of economic unfeasibility and the quality of the available ore. Thus, the work demonstrates the importance of planning the closure of a mine and the recovery of degraded areas given the number of people involved in the process, not only during the useful life of the mine, but in the future use of the region and the monitoring that will guarantee the safety of the society that will remain there and, thus, guarantee a successful environmental recovery procedure.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Shortline Freight Rail System Review: North American Experiences and Brazilian Perspectives." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8034.
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Abstract Shortline industry plays a prominent role in the North American Freight Rail System (mainly United States and Canada), providing a customized freight rail service to the shippers, i.e. the first/last mile rail access for those low dense/light demand markets, outside the Class I’s business model (highly loaded corridors), as well as competition enhancers, through the connection of shippers facilities with more than one Class I railroad. The Short Line’s Rail industry role and its inherent freight rail business model have been strengthened in the years that followed the so called Staggers Act (1980), in the U.S., in which freight rail carriers have focused their efforts on the high density rail markets. Meanwhile, the Shortlines, also known as Class II and Class III freight rail companies, have lead the way in the light density branch lines, providing a customized freight rail service to those shippers located outside the boundary limits of the rail trunk corridors. The importance of Shortline for the U.S. freight rail industry is illustrated by the 603 U.S. shortlines currently operating on 76,000 km (47,500 miles), providing service for one in five (20%) cars moving each year, which accounts for 29% of freight rail production in the country. Furthermore, the recent launch of the controversial Class I Precision Schedule Railroading (PSR) concept, and its inherent asset maximization (mainly associated with disruptive service features — essentially lane and yards closures), has strengthened the strategic importance of Shortlines in the U.S. freight rail scenario, which ultimately requires an improved Class I – Shortline relationship, to guarantee/maintain a connection between shippers (farmers, manufacturers and other industries), and the customers market. Brazil, a continental country located in South America, has a sprawled and low density rail network (28,218 km – 17,636.25 mi). Besides sprawled/low density, the Brazilian rail network is not uniformly demanded, with just 40% of the network with used (demanded) capacities higher than 50%, basically associated with iron ore and agricultural commodities transport (which accounts for almost 80% of the country’s whole freight rail production), while almost 60% of the network remain with very light use (available capacity higher than 80%). This picture shows a great opportunity for the introduction of the Shortline Rail Concept in the Brazilian Freight Rail System, focused on smaller rail operators to provide a customized and accessible freight rail service for shippers located in the influence area of the rail network. To reach this target, Brazil has basically two alternative pathways: i) a structural approach, associated with a complete network restructuration (in a similar way the U.S. Class I railroads have marketed unproductive branches to short line operators) and ii) a regulatory approach, in which the current concession format would be maintained, with the imposition of rail stretches production targets to current rail concessionaires (incumbents), which ultimately could be encouraged to set operational partnerships with the so called Independent Rail Operators (IRO), to comply with those production rail targets. This work is supposed to present an overview, in a review format, of the North American Shortline Freight Rail experience, highlighting its operational regime/requirements, the business model, the tax incentives and the Shortline’s role in the class I PSR scenario. This analysis is, then, followed by an assessment of the perspectives and the inherent pathways for a Shortline Freight Rail Model implementation in Brazil.
Reports on the topic "Orge – Agriculture"
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder, and William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.
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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.