To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Organs.
Journal articles on the topic 'Organs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Organs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Maurette, Pablo. "The Organ of Organs." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10829636-4280873.
Full text
2
Milton, Jack, Jim Diederich, and Renaud Fortuner. "A uniform representation for the plan of organisation of nematodes of the order Tylenchida." Nematology 2, no. 8 (2000): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100750112770.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe need for a uniform method of describing structures (organs and sub-organs) of taxa prior to building a database for nematode identification and other computer applications is discussed. The classical representation of characters (entity - attribute - value) does not assure uniformity and guidelines are needed for a truly uniform representation of morphological-anatomical entities, i.e., the organs and sub-organs of nematodes or other biological groups. Views and other relationships are proposed to manage specific aspects of representation such as perspectives (e.g., front vs lateral view), junction between two organs, structural overlaps, grouping of organs, sub-organs contained in several organs, and organs that could be arranged in more than one system. The value of the proposed character representation is discussed for identification, taxonomy (homologies), and other uses. Une représentation uniformisée du plan d'organisation des nématodes de l'ordre Tylenchida - L'article considère la nécessité d'une méthode uniformisée pour la description des structures des taxons dans le cadre de la construction d'une base de données pour l'identification assistée par ordinateur et d'autres applications informatiques. La représentation classique des caractères (entité - attribut - valeur) ne suffit pas à elle seule à assurer l'uniformité et des directives sont nécessaires pour aboutir à une décomposition réellement uniforme. La représentation uniforme des "entités" morpho-anatomiques est discutée, les entités en question étant les organes et sous-organes des nématodes et d'autres groupes biologiques. Des vues (au sens informatique) et d'autres relations sont proposées pour gérer des aspects spécifiques de la représentation tels que les différentes perspectives (vue de face et vue latérale par exemple), les jonctions entre deux organes, les recouvrements structurels, l'association de plusieurs organes, la présence d'un même sous-organe dans plusieurs organes et les organes qui appartiennent à plusieurs systèmes. La valeur de la représentation des caractères proposée dans cet article est discutée pour l'identification, la taxinomie (homologies) et d'autres utilisations informatiques en biologie.
3
Matous, Mannes. "Evaluating the Morality of Transplanting Gonads." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 21, no. 4 (2021): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq202121457.
Full textAbstract:
When discussing the morality of gonad transplantation for procreative purposes, it can be tempting to examine the act solely qua reproductive technology. This paper, instead, compares the gonad to the kidney and evaluates the act qua organ transplantation. First, the author expounds a hierarchy of organs in relation to personal identity. Next, after considering an organ’s subjective effect on identity, the author elucidates an organ’s objective effect by ranking the powers of the soul and the goods of the human person. The hierarchy of organs shows the gonad to be among the highest organs and most perfective of the human person. Because of the gonad’s highly personal nature, it cannot licitly be directed to another’s good.
4
Oliva, Joan. "Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 5511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215511.
Full textAbstract:
The shortage of donor organs is a major global concern. Organ failure requires the transplantation of functional organs. Donor’s organs are preserved for variable periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which requires placing them into a preservation device. Ischemia and reperfusion damage the organs, due to the lack of oxygen during the ischemia step, as well as the oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. Different methodologies are developed to prevent or to diminish the level of injuries. Preservation solutions were first developed to maximize cold static preservation, which includes the addition of several chemical compounds. The next chapter of organ preservation comes with the perfusion machine, where mechanical devices provide continuous flow and oxygenation ex vivo to the organs being preserved. In the addition of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitors of the proteasome, mesenchymal stem cells began being used 13 years ago to prevent or diminish the organ’s injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (e.g., bone marrow stem cells, adipose derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be powerful tools in repairing damaged organs. This review will focus upon the use of some bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells on preventing or decreasing the injuries due to ischemia-reperfusion.
5
Nastos, Constantinos, Konstantinos Kalimeris, Nikolaos Papoutsidakis, Marios-Konstantinos Tasoulis, Panagis M. Lykoudis, Kassiani Theodoraki, Despoina Nastou, Vassilios Smyrniotis, and Nikolaos Arkadopoulos. "Global Consequences of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/906965.
Full textAbstract:
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury has been extensively studied during the last decades and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many clinical entities following hepatic surgery and transplantation. Apart from its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the organ’s post reperfusion injury, it has also been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for the dysfunction and injury of other organs as well. It seems that liver ischemia and reperfusion represent an event with “global” consequences that influence the function of many remote organs including the lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, adrenals, and myocardium among others. The molecular and clinical manifestation of these remote organs injury may lead to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, frequently encountered in these patients. Remote organ injury seems to be in part the result of the oxidative burst and the inflammatory response following reperfusion. The present paper aims to review the existing literature regarding the proposed mechanisms of remote organ injury after liver ischemia and reperfusion.
6
Strauß, Johannes. "Functional Morphology of Leg Mechanosensory Organs in Early Postembryonic Development in the Stick Insect (Sipyloidea chlorotica)." Insects 15, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15060392.
Full textAbstract:
The subgenual organ complex of stick insects has a unique neuroanatomical organisation with two elaborate chordotonal organs, the subgenual organ and the distal organ. These organs are present in all leg pairs and are already developed in newly hatched stick insects. The present study analyses for the first time the morphology of sensory organs in the subgenual organ complex for a membrane connecting the two sensory organs in newly hatched insects (Sipyloidea chlorotica (Audinet-Serville 1838)). The stick insect legs were analysed following hatching by axonal tracing and light microscopy. The subgenual organ complex in first juvenile instars shows the sensory organs and a thin membrane connecting the sensory organs resembling the morphology of adult animals. Rarely was this membrane not detected, where it is assumed as not developed during embryogenesis. The connection appears to influence the shape of the subgenual organ, with one end extending towards the distal organ as under tension. These findings are discussed for the following functional implications: (1) the physiological responses of the subgenual organ complex to mechanical stimuli after hatching, (2) the influence of the membrane on the displacement of the sensory organs, and (3) the connection between the subgenual organ and distal organ as a possible functional coupling.
7
Miklós, Noémi. ""Organs in Transylvania – Part 2. Transylvanian Organs During the 19th Century "." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 67, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2022.2.10.
Full textAbstract:
"The following study is the second chapter of a series, which is intended to shed light on the development of the Transylvanian organ landscape throughout the centuries. It offers information regarding the organs and organ builders of the early romantic period up to the turn of the 20th century, when pneumatic and electro pneumatic organs have started to take over. Keywords: Transylvania, organ, romantic period, organ builders, stops, restoration. "
8
Kobayashi, Eiji. "Challenges for Production of Human Transplantable Organ Grafts." Cell Medicine 9, no. 1-2 (January 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/215517916x693113.
Full textAbstract:
The described research methods explain how you could generate a three-dimensional kidney, based on recent research results. The first method is to fabricate human organs in a pig body. The second is to transplant the so-called “organ bud” into a patient's body for further development. The third method is to regenerate organs by filling cells into the cytoskeleton as a scaffold. Research for the in vitro fabrication of organ buds has been elaborately accelerated. The organ bud transplantation has been confronted with issues of continuity with the original organs, so the development of technology for achieving continuity between a transplanted organ bud and the existing organs is progressing well. The “organ fabrication” methodology, whereby cells are placed into completely decellularized organs, is supported by recent research results using pig organs taking the size of humans into consideration.
9
Chi, Le Lan. "Poor Organ Donation in Vietnam: Resulting from Beliefs, Religions, and Traditional Culture? How to Promote Organ Donation and to Deal with Organ Trading from a Legal Perspective?" International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (July 14, 2021): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.141.
Full textAbstract:
In Vietnam, organs are always in great demand while the organ supply from brain dead donors is extremely small, prompting the search for organs supplied by living people. People in need of an organ transplant either have to wait for a legally supplied organ (coming from any voluntary and non-commercial donation) or resort to an illegal supplied one (through organ trading). Therefore, increasing the number of legally supplied organs and controlling illegal source of supply are problems to be solved by Vietnam. This paper discovers whether religions, beliefs, traditional culture, and current legislation impede the organ donation or not. In addition, this paper also aims to find out legal loopholes resulting in ineffective handling of organ trading, then proposing solutions to improve the law to promote the legal supply of organs and effectively combat crimes related to organs illegally supplied by organ trading.
10
GLANNON, WALTER. "The Case against Conscription of Cadaveric Organs for Transplantation." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108080407.
Full textAbstract:
In a recent set of papers, Aaron Spital has proposed conscription or routine recovery of cadaveric organs without consent as a way of ameliorating the severe shortage of organs for transplantation. Under the existing consent requirement, organs can be taken from the bodies of the deceased if they expressed a wish and intention to donate while alive. Organs may also be taken when families or other substitute decisionmakers decide on behalf of the deceased to allow organ procurement for the purpose of transplantation. When patients or families do not consent to organ procurement, many transplantable organs are lost. This is a tragic yet avoidable situation. The dead are beyond any benefit or harm, and their organs could be used to prevent harm by saving and improving the lives of many people suffering and dying from end-stage organ failure.
11
Kumar, Himanshu. "Immune-mediated organ pathologies of vital organs." International Reviews of Immunology 40, no. 6 (September 7, 2021): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2021.1969795.
Full text
12
Kielstein, Rita, and Hans-Martin Sass. "From Wooden Limbs to Biomaterial Organs: The Ethics of Organ Replacement and Artificial Organs." Artificial Organs 19, no. 5 (May 1995): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02362.x.
Full text
13
Černiauskienė, Viktorija, Monika Čiplytė, and Saulius Vosylius. "Organų donoro priežiūra intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje." Lietuvos chirurgija 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2010.1.2122.
Full textAbstract:
Viktorija Černiauskienė, Monika Čiplytė, Saulius VosyliusVilniaus universiteto Anesteziologijos ir reanimatologijos klinika, Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: saulius.vosylius@gmail.com Įvadas / tikslasDonorinių organų poreikis gerokai viršija atliktų organų transplantacijų skaičių. Dažniausios priežastys, dėl kurių potencialūs donorai netampa efektyviais donorais, yra donoro artimųjų prieštaravimas donorystei, medicininės kontraindikacijos, logistikos problemos, neadekvatus potencialių donorų gydymas iki eksplantacijos operacijos. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra apžvelgti naujausius medicinos mokslo laimėjimus atliekant potencialių organų donorų priežiūrą reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos skyriuose. Metodai ir rezultataiIšliekant žymiam atotrūkiui tarp organų pasiūlos ir poreikio, būtina kuo efektyviau panaudoti esamus resursus, daugiau dėmesio skiriant tinkamai potencialaus organų donoro intensyviajai terapijai. Dėl smegenų mirties įvyksta sunkūs daugelio organizmui svarbių funkcijų sutrikimai: kraujotakos ir kvėpavimo sistemų, endokrininiai, elektrolitų balanso sutrikimai, hipotermija, koagulopatija ir intensyvus sisteminis uždegimo atsakas. IšvadosPasirinkta tinkama intensyviosios terapijos taktika galėtų padidinti transplantacijai tinkamų organų skaičių, išlaikyti geresnę jų funkciją po transplantacijos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: smegenų mirtis, intensyviosios terapijos skyriai, audinių ir organų donorystė, gairės Organ donor management in the intensive care unit Viktorija Černiauskienė, Monika Čiplytė, Saulius VosyliusClinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vilnius University,Šiltnamių Str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: saulius.vosylius@gmail.com Background / objectiveThe demand for donor organs greatly exceeds the number of transplantations. Many reasons may determine this inadequacy, such as family refusal, medical contraindications, logistics problems and inadequate management of the organ donor. The aim of the study was to present the recent achievements of medical practice in the management of organ donors in intensive care units. Methods and resultsWhile the discrepancy between the number of organ donations and transplantations persists, it is essential to use available resources more effectively, paying more attention to the intensive care management of the organ donor. Many physiological changes follow after brain death, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction, endocrine and homeostasis disturbances, hypothermia, coagulopathy and an enhanced inflammatory response. ConclusionsOptimal intensive care could increase the number of organs available for transplantation and improve their function after it. Keywords: brain death, intensive care units, tissue and organ procurement, guidelines as topic
14
Scarritt, Michelle E., and Stephen F. Badylak. "Organ engineering: promise, progress and perspective." Biochemist 38, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03804020.
Full textAbstract:
The only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure is transplantation. Organ engineering offers an alternative to traditional transplantation that may address the critical shortage of donor organs and eliminate the need for recipient immunosuppression. Organ engineering may be accomplished through the use of scaffold – support structures that contain the architecture of an organ. As organs are exceedingly complex, creating an organ scaffold is a difficult task; however, organ scaffolds can be derived through a process known as decellularization, which is the mechanical, chemical and/or enzymatic removal of cells from a tissue or organ. Through decellularization of xenogenic (animal) organs, biocompatible extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds can be produced that retain the complex macroscopic and microscopic structure and composition of the native organ ECM. These 3D ECM scaffolds are ideal for engineering human organs.
15
Moeini, Fatemeh, Ali Akbar Jafarian, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Nadjmeh Ale Taha, and Mohammad Ali Yazdian. "Review of stomach-related eye diseasesfrom traditional medicine perspective." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12057.
Full textAbstract:
Ancient physicians deemedthe human body as a set of various interrelatedorgans. They believed that in dealing with patients a particular afflicted organ should not be consideredin isolation and treated exclusivelysincethe illnessmight occasionally originate from another organ’s dysfunction, which should be cured beforehand. Stomach is one of the organs that the physicians were very concerned about in the past. Since the first stage of digestion occurs in the stomach, gastric dysfunction will impair digestion and various organs of the body will not be well nourished and get sick afterwards. Among the organs affected by the stomach function is the eye the diseases of which may occur asnyctalopia, poor eyesight, visual hallucinations, and periorbital puffiness secondary to gastric dysfunction. This is a descriptive review of gastrointestinal procedures which can improve vision and treatsome eye diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12057 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 14-17
16
Kim, Jinyoung, Junghoon Kim, Yoonhee Jin, and Seung-Woo Cho. "In situ biosensing technologies for an organ-on-a-chip." Biofabrication 15, no. 4 (August 17, 2023): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/aceaae.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The in vitro simulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges accompanying in vivo experiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed to model the in vitro, real-time biological and physiological features of organs. Numerous studies have deployed these systems to assess the in vitro, real-time responses of an organ to external stimuli. Particularly, organs-on-chips can be most efficiently employed in pharmaceutical drug development to predict the responses of organs before approving such drugs. Furthermore, multi-organ-on-a-chip systems facilitate the close representations of the in vivo environment. In this review, we discuss the biosensing technology that facilitates the in situ, real-time measurements of organ responses as readouts on organ-on-a-chip systems, including multi-organ models. Notably, a human-on-a-chip system integrated with automated multi-sensing will be established by further advancing the development of chips, as well as their assessment techniques.
17
Razdan, Manik, Howard B. Degenholtz, Jeremy M. Kahn, and Julia Driessen. "Breakdown in the Organ Donation Process and Its Effect on Organ Availability." Journal of Transplantation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/831501.
Full textAbstract:
Background. This study examines the effect of breakdown in the organ donation process on the availability of transplantable organs. A process breakdown is defined as a deviation from the organ donation protocol that may jeopardize organ recovery.Methods. A retrospective analysis of donation-eligible decedents was conducted using data from an independent organ procurement organization. Adjusted effect of process breakdown on organs transplanted from an eligible decedent was examined using multivariable zero-inflated Poisson regression.Results. An eligible decedent is four times more likely to become an organ donor when there is no process breakdown (adjusted OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.6838, 9.6414;P<0.01) even after controlling for the decedent’s age, gender, race, and whether or not a decedent had joined the state donor registry. However once the eligible decedent becomes a donor, whether or not there was a process breakdown does not affect the number of transplantable organs yielded. Overall, for every process breakdown occurring in the care of an eligible decedent, one less organ is available for transplant. Decedent’s age is a strong predictor of likelihood of donation and the number of organs transplanted from a donor.Conclusion. Eliminating breakdowns in the donation process can potentially increase the number of organs available for transplant but some organs will still be lost.
18
Strauß, Johannes, and Nataša Stritih. "Neuronal Regression of Internal Leg Vibroreceptor Organs in a Cave-Dwelling Insect (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Dolichopoda araneiformis)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 2 (2017): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000462957.
Full textAbstract:
Animals' adaptations to cave habitats generally include elaboration of extraoptic senses, and in insects the receptor structures located on the legs are supposed to become more prominent in response to constant darkness. The receptors for detecting substrate vibrations are often highly sensitive scolopidial sensilla localized within the legs or the body. For troglobitic insects the evolutionary changes in vibroreceptor organs have not been studied. Since rock is an extremely unfavorable medium for vibration transmission, selection on vibration receptors may be weakened in caves, and these sensory organs may undergo regressive evolution. We investigated the anatomy of the most elaborate internal vibration detection system in orthopteroid insects, the scolopidial subgenual organ complex in the cave cricket Dolichopoda araneiformis (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae). This is a suitable model species which shows high levels of adaptation to cave life in terms of both phenotypic and life cycle characteristics. We compared our data with data on the anatomy and physiology of the subgenual organ complex from the related troglophilic species Troglophilus neglectus. In D. araneiformis, the subgenual organ complex contains three scolopidial organs: the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and the accessory organ. The presence of individual organs and their innervation pattern are identical to those found in T. neglectus, while the subgenual organ and the accessory organ of D. araneiformis contain about 50% fewer scolopidial sensilla than in T. neglectus. This suggests neuronal regression of these organs in D. araneiformis, which may reflect a relaxed selection pressure for vibration detection in caves. At the same time, a high level of overall neuroanatomical conservation of the intermediate organ in this species suggests persistence of the selection pressure maintaining this particular organ. While regressive evolution of chordotonal organs has been documented for insect auditory organs, this study shows for the first time that internal vibroreceptors can also be affected.
19
Lozanovski, Vladimir J., Said Adigozalov, Elias Khajeh, Omid Ghamarnejad, Ehsan Aminizadeh, Christina Schleicher, Thilo Hackert, et al. "Declined Organs for Liver Transplantation: A Right Decision or a Missed Opportunity for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma?" Cancers 15, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051365.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Liver transplantation is the only promising treatment for end-stage liver disease and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, too many organs are rejected for transplantation. Methods: We analyzed the factors involved in organ allocation in our transplant center and reviewed all livers that were declined for transplantation. Reasons for declining organs for transplantation were categorized as major extended donor criteria (maEDC), size mismatch and vascular problems, medical reasons and risk of disease transmission, and other reasons. The fate of the declined organs was analyzed. Results: 1086 declined organs were offered 1200 times. A total of 31% of the livers were declined because of maEDC, 35.5% because of size mismatch and vascular problems, 15.8% because of medical reasons and risk of disease transmission, and 20.7% because of other reasons. A total of 40% of the declined organs were allocated and transplanted. A total of 50% of the organs were completely discarded, and significantly more of these grafts had maEDC than grafts that were eventually allocated (37.5% vs. 17.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Most organs were declined because of poor organ quality. Donor-recipient matching at time of allocation and organ preservation must be improved by allocating maEDC grafts using individualized algorithms that avoid high-risk donor-recipient combinations and unnecessary organ declination.
20
PERVAIZ ZARIF, MUHAMMAD ASIF, and ZUBIA IQBAL. "A STUDY ABOUT INCLINATION OF PEOPLE TOWARDS ORGAN DONATION." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v28i2.91.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: People with nonfunctioning organs waiting for donation are increasing but provision of viable organs is not meeting the need. As many of the Pakistanis are poor who sell their organs for money. This has led to illegal transplants. Now a legal way has been adopted by the Government to prevent this illegal trafficking of human organs. This study was carried out to know the willingness of peoples about organs donation.
Material Methods: From general population by convenience nonprobability method 130 subjects both males and females of age 18 years and above were requested to answer the questionnaire. Results: 130 subjects included 102 males and 28 females.59.8% males 32.1% females were willing for organ donation. 55.26% of educated and 31.25% of uneducated were willing for organ donation. Conclusion: To prevent illegal donation of organs and to alleviate present level of organ donation it is pertinent to improve health education levels in general people0.
21
Bolz, Dorothea, and Bernd Fritzsch. "On the Development of Electroreceptive Ampullary Organs of Triturus alpestris (Amphibia: Urodela)." Amphibia-Reptilia 7, no. 1 (1986): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853886x00217.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe ontogenesis of the organs of the lateral-line system of the alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) was examined with special emphasis on the ampullary organs using resin embedded thick sections. The mechanoreceptive neuromasts and the electroreceptive ampullary organ were indistinguishable prior to hatching. At hatching only few ampullary organs were found around the eye. These organs consist of one or two egg-shaped sensory cells and a few supporting cells. The ratio of ampullary organs and neuromasts changes from 1:15.6 (stage 36) to 1:1.1 (stage 62). The number of unidentifiable organs decreases constantly over this period of time and becomes zero at the oldest stages observed. Besides an absolute numerical increase in both types of organs both grow by increasing the number of cells per organ. Comparison with the development of the ampullary organs in catfish shows a striking similarity which suggest either similar functional constraints acting on both catfish and newts or can be interpreted as an indication of homology of both types of organs.
22
Strauß, Johannes, Nataša Stritih, and Reinhard Lakes-Harlan. "The subgenual organ complex in the cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): comparative innervation and sensory evolution." Royal Society Open Science 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 140240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140240.
Full textAbstract:
Comparative studies of the organization of nervous systems and sensory organs can reveal their evolution and specific adaptations. In the forelegs of some Ensifera (including crickets and tettigoniids), tympanal hearing organs are located in close proximity to the mechanosensitive subgenual organ (SGO). In the present study, the SGO complex in the non-hearing cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Rhaphidophoridae) is investigated for the neuronal innervation pattern and for organs homologous to the hearing organs in related taxa. We analyse the innervation pattern of the sensory organs (SGO and intermediate organ (IO)) and its variability between individuals. In T. neglectus , the IO consists of two major groups of closely associated sensilla with different positions. While the distal-most sensilla superficially resemble tettigoniid auditory sensilla in location and orientation, the sensory innervation does not show these two groups to be distinct organs. Though variability in the number of sensory nerve branches occurs, usually either organ is supplied by a single nerve branch. Hence, no sensory elements clearly homologous to the auditory organ are evident. In contrast to other non-hearing Ensifera, the cave cricket sensory structures are relatively simple, consistent with a plesiomorphic organization resembling sensory innervation in grasshoppers and stick insects.
23
Kottamasu, Pavan, and Ira Herman. "Engineering a microcirculation for perfusion control of ex vivo–assembled organ systems: Challenges and opportunities." Journal of Tissue Engineering 9 (January 1, 2018): 204173141877294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731418772949.
Full textAbstract:
Donor organ shortage remains a clear problem for many end-stage organ patients around the world. The number of available donor organs pales in comparison with the number of patients in need of these organs. The field of tissue engineering proposes a plausible solution. Using stem cells, a patient’s autologous cells, or allografted cells to seed-engineered scaffolds, tissue-engineered constructs can effectively supplement the donor pool and bypass other problems that arise when using donor organs, such as who receives the organ first and whether donor organ rejection may occur. However, current research methods and technologies have been unable to successfully engineer and vascularize large volume tissue constructs. This review examines the current perfusion methods for ex vivo organ systems, defines the different types of vascularization in organs, explores various strategies to vascularize ex vivo organ systems, and discusses challenges and opportunities for the field of tissue engineering.
24
Zhao, Lingfei, Chenxia Hu, Fei Han, Dajin Chen, Yanhong Ma, Fanghao Cai, and Jianghua Chen. "Combination of mesenchymal stromal cells and machine perfusion is a novel strategy for organ preservation in solid organ transplantation." Cell and Tissue Research 384, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03406-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOrgan preservation is a prerequisite for an urgent increase in the availability of organs for solid organ transplantation (SOT). An increasing amount of expanded criteria donor (ECD) organs are used clinically. Currently, the paradigm of organ preservation is shifting from simple reduction of cellular metabolic activity to maximal simulation of an ex vivo physiological microenvironment. An ideal organ preservation technique should not only preserve isolated organs but also offer the possibility of rehabilitation and evaluation of organ function prior to transplantation. Based on the fact that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess strong regeneration properties, the combination of MSCs with machine perfusion (MP) is expected to be superior to conventional preservation methods. In recent years, several studies have attempted to use this strategy for SOT showing promising outcomes. With better organ function during ex vivo preservation and the potential of utilization of organs previously deemed untransplantable, this strategy is meaningful for patients with organ failure to help overcome organ shortage in the field of SOT.
25
Joo, Ho No. "The Organ Transplantation Act and Recent Trends in Korea." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 25, no. 2 (March 2013): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539513476935.
Full textAbstract:
The Organ Transplantation Act, including transplantation of organs from brain-dead donors, entered into force in Korea on February 9, 2000. This article introduces the Organ Transplantation Act, focusing on scope of the Act, determination of brain death, removal of organs from brain-dead or deceased donors, removal from living donors, organ allocation, and prohibition of trade in human organs. Especially, some primary ethical dilemmas surrounding organ allocation arise from the shortage of available organs. The primary ethical problems surrounding organ allocation are as follows. A key purpose of the organ donation incentive system is to increase the number of organ transplants from brain-dead donors. In particular, the priority for kidney patient was allowed in consideration of doctor’s strong desire to increase the brain-dead donors. Also, the organ allocation criteria based on the organ donation incentive system appear unfair, especially for the kidney patient, because the criteria do not fit the principles of distributive justice. In the future, the organ donation incentive system itself may need to be reexamined.
26
Qi, Fan, Fu Wang, Chunxiao Xiaoyang, Zhenhui Wang, Yujie Lin, Zhanwu Peng, Jun Zhang, Ningning Wang, and Jian Zhang. "Gene Expression Analysis of Different Organs and Identification of AP2 Transcription Factors in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)." Plants 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12183260.
Full textAbstract:
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oilseed crop widely cultivated for its oil and fiber. This study conducted transcriptome analysis to analyze the gene expression profiles of roots, leaves, stamens, pistils, and fruits in the flax cultivar Longya10. A total of 43,471 genes were detected in the RNA-seq data, with 34,497 genes showing differential expression levels between different organs. Gene expression patterns varied across different organs, with differences observed in expression-regulating genes within specific organs. However, 23,448 genes were found to be commonly expressed across all organs. Further analysis revealed organ-specific gene expressions, with 236, 690, 544, 909, and 1212 genes identified in pistils, fruits, leaves, roots, and stamens, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on these organ-specific genes, and significant enrichment was observed in various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, providing new insights for the specific growth patterns of flax organs. Furthermore, we investigated the expression differences of AP2 transcription factors in various tissues and organs of Longya10. We identified 96 AP2 genes that were differentially expressed in different organs and annotated them into various biological pathways. Our results suggest that AP2 transcription factors may play important roles in regulating the growth and development of flax organs including stress response. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns in different organs and tissues of flax plant and identifies potential critical regulators of flax organ growth and development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying flax organ development and may have important implications for the genetic improvement of flax crops.
27
Gordeyev, O. V., and V. I. Gordeyev. "Hydraulic vibration separating working organ of a potato harvester." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65837.
Full textAbstract:
Three kinds of working organs were compared: a hydraulic vibration separating organ, standard elliptic working organs of passive action and a vibrating organ with mechanical drive. Results of comparative testing are presented.
28
Winklbauer, Rudolf, and Peter Hausen. "Development of the lateral line system in Xenopus laevis." Development 88, no. 1 (August 1, 1985): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.88.1.193.
Full textAbstract:
The periodic pattern of the supraorbital lateral line organs forms in the epidermis of Xenopus by the subdivision of a streak-like primordium into a linear series of small cell groups. In normal development, each such organ initially contains about 8 cells (Winklbauer & Hausen, 1983a, b). To see whether this initial organ size depends on the size of the streak-like primordium at the time of organ segregation, primordium size was reduced experimentally before the onset of pattern formation. In such small primordia, the size of the primary organs formed is not adjusted so as to allow the formation of a normal number of organs. Instead, the initial organ size is kept approximately normal, and the number of organs is correspondingly reduced, i.e. the pattern forming mechanism is not capable of ‘size regulation’.
29
Miklós, Noémi. "Organs in Transylvania. Part 1 – The Organs of the Baroque Period." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
"The following study represents the first chapter of a series, which is intended to shed light on the development of the Transylvanian organ landscape throughout the centuries. It offers relevant information regarding the first historical sources which indicate the presence of the organ within the Transylvanian region, and details about the organs built during the baroque period. Keywords: Transylvania, organ, baroque period, organ builders, stops, positive organ, restoration. "
30
Nishide, Shin-ya, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Takuya Nishio, Ken-ichi Honma, and Sato Honma. "Organ-specific development characterizes circadian clock gene Per2 expression in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 306, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): R67—R74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00063.2013.
Full textAbstract:
To explore developmental changes in circadian organization of central and peripheral oscillators, circadian rhythms in clock gene expression were examined in 12 organs in transgenic rats carrying a bioluminescence reporter for Per2. Organ slices were obtained from different developmental stages starting at postnatal day 5 and tissue was cultured for more than 6 days. In addition, four organs were examined from embryonic day 20. Robust circadian rhythms in bioluminescence were detected in all organs examined. The circadian period in vitro was specific to each organ and remained essentially the same during development. The circadian peak phase on the first day of culture was significantly different not only among organs but also in the same organ. Three patterns in circadian phase were detected during development. Thus, during development, circadian phase did not change in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, adrenal gland, and liver, whereas delay shifts were seen in the pineal, lung, heart, kidney, spleen, thymus, and testis. Finally, circadian phase advanced at postnatal day 10–15 and subsequently delayed in skeletal muscle and stomach.Circadian amplitude also showed developmental changes in several organs. These findings indicate that the temporal orders of physiological functions of various organs change during development. Such age-dependent and organ-specific changes in the phase relationship among circadian clocks most likely reflect entrainment to organ-specific time cues at different developmental stages.
31
Rizaldi, Muhammad Maulana Kevin, Anis Mahdurohatun, and Maryanto Maryanto. "The Urgence of Notary Deed for Organs Transplantation in Framework of Preventing Human Organs Transaction." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.3.986-999.
Full textAbstract:
Trafficking in human organs is a threat and also a crime for humanity. Crimes against humanity, the United Nations then formulated the practice of trafficking in human organs which was carried out with illegal means and purposes as part of a transnational crime. The regulation on organ transplantation in Indonesia is regulated in Act No. 36 of 2009 concerning Organ Transplantation. To ensure legal certainty in organ transplantation, both donors and recipients will submit a written statement not to buy organs from a prospective donor or enter into a special agreement with a prospective donor, which is stated in the form of a notary deed or a written statement ratified by a notary. The research objective is to analyze the urgency of the notarial deed of organ transplantation in the context of preventing the sale and purchase of human organs based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 38 of 2016, the obstacles that arise in the making of a notary deed, the formulation of a notary deed in the implementation of organ or human tissue transplantation. This research is included in empirical juridical research with descriptive analysis research specifications. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection was carried out by field research and library research, then after the data was analyzed, conclusions were drawn using inductive thinking methods. Based on the results of the study found From the positive law, namely Permenkes No. 38 of 2016 and Islamic law, in organ transplantation it is known that there is a condition that there is no sale and purchase of organs, there is no special agreement that provides benefits to the donor and is carried out with a notarial deed in the form of an agreement or written statement under the hand that legalized or waarmerking. Currently, there are no technical or procedural obstacles in making a notarial deed of organ transplantation in the context of preventing the sale and purchase of human organs. The formulation of a notarial deed in the implementation of human organ or tissue transplants based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 38 of 2016 is based on the legal arrangement regarding authentic deeds, namely Article 1868 BW.
32
Cohen, Ivan Glenn. "Organ donor intervention trials and risk to bystanders: An ethical analysis." Clinical Trials 16, no. 5 (August 1, 2019): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519865259.
Full textAbstract:
There are two distinct problems about bystander effects raised by organ donor intervention research. The first is the problem of “bystander organs”—sometimes called “non-target organs”—which Kimmelman discusses in his case presentation. How do we treat the recipients of organs that are not the subject of the intervention research but nonetheless might be directly affected by the research? The second problem is not about altering the organ but the pattern of distribution of organs. Each of these cases shows bystander effects that matter for real people. This article examines how research ethics should approach each of these cases.
33
Gulyaev, V. A., S. V. Zhuravel’, M. S. Novruzbekov, O. D. Olisov, K. N. Lutsyk, M. G. Minina, A. S. Mironov, N. K. Kuznetsova, K. M. Magomedov, and M. Sh Khubutiya. "Will the machine perfusion of the liver increase the number of donor organs suitable for transplantation?" Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 308–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2018-10-4-308-326.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of patients waiting for liver transplantation, despite an increase in the total number of liver transplantation operations. Solving the problem of donor organ shortage is possible through the use of organs from marginal donors: organs removed after cardiac arrest, organs with a high percentage of steatosis, organs from donors over the age of 60 years. The main reason for refusing to use them is the risk of severe complications and an unfavorable outcome of the operation. Static cold preservation today is the main method of protecting donor organs from thermal damage, which possesses rather effective protective properties. At the same time, the duration of cold preservation has a limited time interval. There is always uncertainty about the viability of the organ. Modern methods for assessing donor organs such as donor history, laboratory data, visual examination and morphology, do not reliably predict liver function after transplantation. In this regard, the development of methods for preserving the organ after removing, which do not degrade the quality of the organ or even are capable of restoring the lost functions, is relevant. The machine perfusion of the liver is one of the new concepts aimed at solving this problem. The article highlights the international experience of using the machine perfusion of the donor liver over the past 15 years. Machine perfusion is a promising trend of transplantation development, which allows reducing the shortage of donor organs and improving their quality.
34
Banks, Gloria J. "Legal & Ethical Safeguards: Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable Participants in a Commercialized Organ Transplantation System." American Journal of Law & Medicine 21, no. 1 (1995): 45–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010212.
Full textAbstract:
Legal and ethical questions regarding existing organ transplant procurement policies and practices are numerous and unsettling. They arise because transplantable organs are scarce. The scarcity of such organs has been the hue and cry of several medical and legal scholars. For example, the scarcity creates competition among those who wait, necessitating equitable organ allocation procedures and guidelines. Medical obstacles surround the determination of when, how, and on whom such procedures can be performed successfully. Other obstacles range from finding a suitable donor for proper “matching” with the intended donee, to the time constraints involved in preserving excised organs until transplantation, to the donee's ability to fight off rejection of transplanted organs. There is also the obstacle of locating available organs. As medical technology continues to advance, the number of possible organ sources increases. Currently, these sources have included live human donors, cadavers, mechanical devices, animals, fetuses, anencephalic infants, and “brain-dead” donors.
35
Opoku, John Kwaku. "ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION MEDICINE: RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS." Volume-1: Issue-9 (November, 2019) 1, no. 9 (December 7, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.1.9.2.
Full textAbstract:
There are not enough solid organs available to meet the needs of patients with organ failure. Thousands of patients every year die on the waiting lists for transplantation. Yet there is currently available, underutilized, potential source of organs. Many patients die in intensive care following withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment whose organs could be used to save the lives of others. At present the majority of these organs go to waste. In this paper, I consider and evaluate a range of religious and ethical responses to improve the quality of organ transplantations available today. The responses of four world religions (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism) towards organ transplantation are considered. We argue that religious involvement in medical technologies like transplantation medicine gives to individuals the greatest chance of being able to help others with their organs after death under well-guided means. It is believed that attempts to increase patient autonomy will be realised in the light of religion and ethics.
36
Eka Putri, Tiara Ayu, Nataria Wahyuning Subayani, and Iqnatia Alfiansyah3. "Development of Plant Organ Scrapbook Learning Media in Elementary School." Journal Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Engineering, Social Science, and Health International Conference (UMGESHIC) 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/umgeshic.v1i2.3456.
Full textAbstract:
Development of Plant Organ Scrapbook Learning Media in Elementary Schools. This study aims to develop learning media for scrapbooking plant organs and knowing (1) Validation of scrapbooks of plant organs, (2) student responses to scrapbooking of plant organs. This research is a development research that uses a 4D model, consisting of Definition, Design, Development, and Desseminate which is modified by the researcher. The subject of this study was addressed to the fourth grade students of UPT SD Negeri 30 Gresik with a total of 10 students. The instruments used were interview sheets, validation sheets, and questionnaire sheets. The results obtained include, 1) Scrapbook of plant organs obtained 90.75% results, with very valid criteria. The validator states that the plant organ Scrapbook is very valid with few revisions and deserves to be tested. 2) Scrapbook of plant organs obtained 95.5% results, with very good criteria. So that the plant organ scrobook can be used in the learning process as a learning tool or media learning.
37
Setawati, Evi, Muchammad Azam, Ngurah Ayu Ketut Umiati, and Hammam Oktajianto. "EXTERNAL RADIATION SIMULATION OF LINAC TO DETERMINE EFFECTIVE DOSE IN ORGANS USING MONTE CARLO METHOD." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 10 (February 5, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i10.2017.106.
Full textAbstract:
The Linear particle accelerator (LINAC) is a tool for radiation therapy that can emit photons and electrons. Radiation of X-ray photons and LINAC electrons is obtained from the interaction of electrons fired into the target plate (tungsten). This radiation can not only affect the target organ but can also affect unwanted organs around the exposure area. Radiation irradiation effects on the organs in the exposure area can be known through simulation of LINAC and phantom radiation processes. Simulation and calculation using Monte Carlo method. This program is operated by MCNPX software. Phantom geometry uses the phantom ORNL MIRD, whereas linac geometry consists of linac blankets, tungsten plates and collimators. Radiation from linac is directed to the left lung as a target and from the simulation results of traces of radical particles shows that radiation emission from linac there are some scattering, but scattering this does not have a significant impact because the amount is not too large. Radiation effect on the organs is indicated by the effective dose quantities in which the left lung has a greater effective dose than the surrounding organs. While the right lung gets a large enough effect from other organs around the target organ. This is because the organ is located close to the target organ and has a smaller type of meeting of the other organs. Not so with the ribs, although it is the first organ exposed to radiation. Radiation that concerns the ribs has no significant effect. This is because of the enormous type of meeting. The effects of radiation on organs are not only influenced by the size of the meeting of organ types but also influenced by the weight factor.
38
Nugrahani, Nur Ariska. "Imunopatologi Sjogren Syndrome (SS) melalui Salivary Epithelial Cells (SGEC)." JIKG (Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi) 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jikg.v5i2.15952.
Full textAbstract:
Sjogren's Syndrome is the second most autoimmune disease with average indications including decreased secretory creation from the essential exocrine organs, lacrimal organs, and salivary organs. This review means to look into the component of the immunopathology of Sjogren's disorder through Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells. Sjogren's condition will at first trigger the creation of enormous quantities of resistant cells like CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, the number of B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that will invade target organs like the salivary and lacrimal organs. The cells of the inborn invulnerable framework related to Sjogren's disorder are dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Dendritic cells in patients with Sjogren's Syndrome play a part as antigen-introducing cells (APC) in atopic germinal focuses in the salivary organs. Macrophages will be enlisted into the salivary organ tissue towards lymphocytes, bringing about an increment in macrophages and making the salivary organs grow. Salivary organ epithelial cells (SGECs) created in the acini organs and epithelial cells will have a cell polarization measure that is constrained by cell-to-cell connections towards the extracellular grid (ECM) through tight-junction.Keywords: Immunopathology, Sjogren Syndrome, Salivary Gland
39
MZ, Hossain, Musfika MUH, Arobi N, Siddiqua T, Jamilc HM, Moinul Haque Meaze AKM, and Rahman Md Shakilur. "Studies of dose distribution to Lung and Stomach and Estimation of Second Cancer Risk due to Outfeld Dose in Radiotherapy with 60Co Teletherapy Beam." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 6, no. 2 (August 8, 2023): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001063.
Full textAbstract:
A critical component of the radiation regimen for treating cancer patients is the precise dose delivery to the treatment organ while minimizing the dose to the healthy tissue. This study aims to evaluate in-field organ dose and dose distribution outside the target organs to estimate the excess lifetime risk of second cancer. The study was carried out with a male Alderson Rando Phantom. 20 sets of thermoluminescence dosimeters (MTS-100) were used in this study. The in-field organs absorbed dose was measured by inserting TLDs at different geometrical depths of the left lung, right lung, and stomach, and for peripheral organs skin dose TLDs were placed at the surface of the corresponding organs. Target organs were irradiated at 100 cGy and 200 cGy by a 60Co teletherapy unit, and irradiated TLDs were read out by a RE-2000 TLD reader. For precise dose delivery to the cancerous organs by 60Co teletherapy, the depth dose correction factor for lung cancer treatment is 0.8667 ± 0.01, and for the stomach is 0.7856 ± 0.017. In the case of the treatment for the lung and stomach, the closest organs received significant doses compared to the other distant organs. Thus, the risk of second cancer due to the peripheral dose is obtained. The stomach is at the highest risk when the lung is the target and the liver is at the highest risk when the stomach is the targeted organ.
40
Lewis, David D., Robin R. Vidovich, and LifeBanc Cleveland. "Factors Influencing Organ Placement Efforts in Donors with Brain Tumors." Journal of Transplant Coordination 6, no. 1 (March 1996): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999600600110.
Full textAbstract:
A 3-year retrospective review of brain tumor cases was performed to determine factors that influence organ procurement in light of the increase in references in transplant literature to the hazards of transplanting organs from donors with brain tumors. A 3-year review of cases in which organ procurement efforts occurred were evaluated. Of 314 cases resulting from this review, organ procurement efforts yielded 10 patients with a diagnosis of brain tumor. Of those 10 cases, seven progressed to organ donation, with at least one organ per patient recovered. Manipulation of brain tumors or manipulation along with tissue diagnosis does not seem to hinder procurement of organs. Without tissue diagnosis, the ability of the organ procurement organization to place organs decreases significantly.
41
Laudy, Agnieszka E., and Stefan Tyski. "Infections Connected with Organ and Tissue Transplantation." Advancements of Microbiology 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2024-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Transplantology is a branch of medicine that is developing rapidly. Transplanted whole organs or segments of organs may be recovered from either living or deceased donors. New methods of preserving transplanted solid organs, including the kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas, as well as tissues, such as the cornea and skin, are being developed. Preservation fluid, which is used to perfuse and store the donated organ or tissue, should reduce biological deterioration of organs and tissue, attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell/tissue injury, and protect against damage. Lowering the storage temperature of organs significantly reduces the risk of damage. Efforts are also made to shorten the time between collecting the organ or tissue from the donor and transplanting it in the recipient. However, during transplantation, the recipient may become infected, primarily with bacteria and fungi. Infections of organ recipients occur most often due to unhygienic organ collection, improper handling and transport, and inappropriate preservation conditions, especially contamination of preservation fluid. The literature on contamination of organ preservation fluid and infections in graft recipients is very diverse, both in terms of the isolated bacterial and fungal species and the number of incidents. A large percentage of contaminating microorganisms belong to the generally non-pathogenic skin microbiota, but there are also cases of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Besides, the transplanted organs themselves may pose a danger. They may contain latent microorganisms, mainly viruses and parasites, that could be activated in a patient who has been subjected to immunosuppression to reduce the risk of organ rejection.
42
Ikeda, Etsuko, Miho Ogawa, Makoto Takeo, and Takashi Tsuji. "Functional ectodermal organ regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement therapy." Open Biology 9, no. 3 (March 2019): 190010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190010.
Full textAbstract:
In this decade, substantial progress in the fields of developmental biology and stem cell biology has ushered in a new era for three-dimensional organ regenerative therapy. The emergence of novel three-dimensional cell manipulation technologies enables the effective mimicking of embryonic organ germ formation using the fate-determined organ-inductive potential of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells. This advance shows great potential for the regeneration of functional organs with substitution of complete original function in situ . Organoids generated from multipotent stem cells or tissue stem cells via establishment of an organ-forming field can only partially recover original organ function owing to the size limitation; they are considered ‘mini-organs’. Nevertheless, they hold great promise to realize regenerative medicine. In particular, regeneration of a functional salivary gland and an integumentary organ system by orthotopic and heterotopic implantation of organoids clearly points to the future direction of organ regeneration research. In this review, we describe multiple strategies and recent progress in regenerating functional three-dimensional organs, focusing on ectodermal organs, and discuss their potential and future directions to achieve organ replacement therapy as a next-generation regenerative medicine.
43
Glyantsev, S. P., and A. Werner. "PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Demichow W. Die experimentelle Transplantation lebenswichtiger Organe. Berlin: VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, 1963." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 12, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2020-12-1-61-75.
Full textAbstract:
The article has discussed V.P. Demikhov's views on a homoplastic transplantation of tissues and organs in 1963 and his achievements in experimental transplantation by that time. The authors first translated the monograph Die experimentelle Transplantation lebenswichtiger Organe (1963) from German into Russian and presented V.P. Demikhov's Preface to it. In this text, having critically analyzed the current provisions in the field of immunobiology, V.P. Demikhov came to the conclusion that a number of his achievements contradicted those provisions and did not fit into the framework of existing immunobiological laws. In 1963, confessing the primacy of function over structure, V.P. Demikhov believed that the restoration of blood circulation in transplanted organs played the main role in their survival, and the subsequent functioning of the transplanted organ for a long time meant its engraftment. In this text V.P. Demikhov for the first time substantiated the model of a “physiological organism” he had invented for reviving a human in a state of agony, for creating a bank of organs, growing it in infants and rejuvenating the elderly.Authors declare no conflict of interest.
44
Christopherson, Lois K. "Quality of Life: Organ Transplantation and Artificial Organs." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300002634.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes issues that are clinically significant when assessing quality of life of patients whose organ disease can be treated only through transplantation or reliance upon an artificial organ. Emphasis is placed on stresses that affect the family as well as the immediate patient, because, over time, these are inextricably interwoven. The transplant recipient who experiences a “good” medical outcome may perceive that he has little to live for if his family is severely disrupted or broken apart by the strain of the illness. The family of a patient who dies after unremitting complications while being sustained by an artificial organ may experience both relief at the lifting of an unmanageable burden, and continuing guilt that they were unable to provide unconditional love and support to a dying family member.
45
Bojko, A. V. "Influence of organ-preserving operations on organs of small basin on condition of ovariale reserve." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(130) (May 30, 2018): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.130.63.
Full textAbstract:
The objective: to establish influence of organ-preserving operations on organs of small basin on a condition of ovariale reserve. Materials and methods. Is carried out clinical-ehografical analysis that laboratory inspection of 100 patients of the genesial age interested in conservation of fecundity, after organ-preserving operative measures on organs of small basin. Results. The women of the genesial age who have transferred organ-preserving surgical interventions on organs of small basin concerning benign diseases of ovaries, uterus and the isolated tubal peritoneal factor of sterility within 6 months after operation have disturbance of functional activity of ovaries and attrition of ovariale reserve. The most expressed changes are observed at initial pathology of ovaries. Within 6 months after organ-preserving operative measures on organs of small basin at patients of genesial age, irrespective of nosology, the hyper gonadotrophic hypogonadism with hypoestrogenia and a hypoandrogenia, and also depression of ovariale reserve (by 4 times), not caused by autoimmune aggression is formed. The taped changes of parameters of the hormonal status correspond to clinical picture of premature attrition of function of ovaries. Conclusion. The received results needs to be considered when developing tactics of expeditious treatment of women of genesial age. Key words: organ-preserving operations, organs small to basin, ovariale reserve.
46
VILLETTE, P., E. AFONSO, G. COUVAL, A. LEVRET, M. GALAN, C. TATARD, J. F. COSSON, and P. GIRAUDOUX. "Consequences of organ choice in describing bacterial pathogen assemblages in a rodent population." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 14 (August 29, 2017): 3070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001893.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYHigh-throughput sequencing technologies now allow for rapid cost-effective surveys of multiple pathogens in many host species including rodents, but it is currently unclear if the organ chosen for screening influences the number and identity of bacteria detected. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial pathogens in the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and spleen of 13 water voles (Arvicola terrestris) collected in Franche-Comté, France. We asked if bacterial pathogen assemblages within organs are similar and if all five organs are necessary to detect all of the bacteria present in an individual animal. We identified 24 bacteria representing 17 genera; average bacterial richness for each organ ranged from 1·5 ± 0·4 (mean ± standard error) to 2·5 ± 0·4 bacteria/organ and did not differ significantly between organs. The average bacterial richness when organ assemblages were pooled within animals was 4·7 ± 0·6 bacteria/animal; Operational Taxonomic Unit accumulation analysis indicates that all five organs are required to obtain this. Organ type influences bacterial assemblage composition in a systematic way (PERMANOVA, 999 permutations, pseudo-F4,51 = 1·37, P = 0·001). Our results demonstrate that the number of organs sampled influences the ability to detect bacterial pathogens, which can inform sampling decisions in public health and wildlife ecology.
47
Christmas, A. Britton, Tyson A. Bogart, Kristina E. Etson, Brett A. Fair, Harold R. Howe, David G. Jacobs, and Ronald F. Sing. "The Reward is Worth the Wait: A Prospective Analysis of 100 Consecutive Organ Donors." American Surgeon 78, no. 3 (March 2012): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800336.
Full textAbstract:
Aggressive donor management protocols have evolved to maximize the number of procured organs. Our study assessed donor management time and the number and types of organs procured with the hypothesis that shorter management time yields increased organ procurement and transplant rates. We prospectively analyzed 100 donors managed by a regional organ procurement organization (OPO) during 2007 to 2008. Data included patient demographics, number and types of organs procured and transplanted, patient management time by the OPO, and achievement of donor pre-procurement goals. One hundred consecutive organ donors were managed with a mean age 41 ± 18 years and mean management time 23 ± 9 hours; 376 organs were procured and 327 successfully transplanted. Donors managed greater than 20 hours yielded significantly more heart (5 vs 26, P < 0.01) and lung (6 vs 40, P < 0.01) procurements, more organs procured per donor (3.2 ± 1.4 vs 4.2 ± 1.6, P < 0.01), and more organs transplanted per donor (2.6 ± 1.5 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.01) than those managed 20 hours or less. No difference in the attainment of donor management goals was observed between these populations. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, donor management times greater than 20 hours yielded increased organ procurement and transplant rates, particularly for hearts and lungs, despite no differences in the achievement of donor preprocurement management goals.
48
Zhou, Shaoli, Tianquan Yang, Yawen Mao, Ye Liu, Shiqi Guo, Ruoruo Wang, Genwang Fangyue, et al. "The F-box protein MIO1/SLB1 regulates organ size and leaf movement in Medicago truncatula." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 8 (January 28, 2021): 2995–3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The size of leaf and seed organs, determined by the interplay of cell proliferation and expansion, is closely related to the final yield and quality of forage and crops. Yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying organ size modulation remain poorly understood, especially in legumes. Here, MINI ORGAN1 (MIO1), which encodes an F-box protein SMALL LEAF AND BUSHY1 (SLB1) recently reported to control lateral branching in Medicago truncatula, was identified as a key regulator of organ size. We show that loss-of-function of MIO1/SLB1 severely reduced organ size. Conversely, plants overexpressing MIO1/SLB1 had enlarged organs. Cellular analysis revealed that MIO1/SLB1 controlled organ size mainly by modulating primary cell proliferation during the early stages of leaf development. Biochemical analysis revealed that MIO1/SLB1 could form part of SKP1/Cullin/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, to target BIG SEEDS1 (BS1), a repressor of primary cell division, for degradation. Interestingly, we found that MIO1/SLB1 also played a key role in pulvinus development and leaf movement by modulating cell proliferation of the pulvinus as leaves developed. Our study not only demonstrates a conserved role of MIO1/SLB1 in the control of organ size in legumes, but also sheds light on the novel function of MIO1/SLB1 in leaf movement.
49
Sohn, Sogu, Maxwell Van Buskirk, Michael J. Buckenmeyer, Ricardo Londono, and Denver Faulk. "Whole Organ Engineering: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124277.
Full textAbstract:
End-stage organ failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The only curative treatment option currently available for patients diagnosed with end-stage organ failure is organ transplantation. However, due to a critical shortage of organs, only a fraction of these patients are able to receive a viable organ transplantation. Those patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant must then be subjected to a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressant drugs. The concept of whole organ engineering offers a promising alternative to organ transplantation that overcomes these limitations. Organ engineering is a discipline that merges developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, and cellular interactions with enabling technologies such as advanced biomaterials and biofabrication to create bioartificial organs that recapitulate native organs in vivo. There have been numerous developments in bioengineering of whole organs over the past two decades. Key technological advancements include (1) methods of whole organ decellularization and recellularization, (2) three-dimensional bioprinting, (3) advanced stem cell technologies, and (4) the ability to genetically modify tissues and cells. These advancements give hope that organ engineering will become a commercial reality in the next decade. In this review article, we describe the foundational principles of whole organ engineering, discuss key technological advances, and provide an overview of current limitations and future directions.
50
Saran, Sai, and Mohan Gurjar. "Brain Crosstalk with Other Organs in ICU Patient." Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 06, no. 03 (September 2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399474.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCrosstalk between various organs exists in the human body. This can be part of physiological reflexes such as cardiac reflexes that protect the organs during stressful stimuli or can be part of pathological conditions where an insult to an organ releases cytokines that cause distant effects on other organs. In critically ill patients, these crosstalks are independent of pre-existing common risk factors or the presence of new risk exposure during the treatment. Crosstalk can manifest in series or parallel. The human brain, being a control center of the human body, does crosstalk with almost every organ in the body. In this narrative review, crosstalk of the brain with various organs and systems such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gut, muscle, bone, skin, adipose tissue, and immune system is being discussed along with clinical manifestations and management. Future research might help to target these pathological processes in preventing progression of single-organ dysfunction to multi-organ failures in critically ill patients.