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Journal articles on the topic 'Organophosphorus compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Yoshifuji, Masaaki. "Low-Coordinated Organophosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 177, no. 6-7 (June 1, 2002): 1827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500212305.

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2

Motomizu, Shoji, and Henry Freiser. "EXTRACTIONOFTERVALENTLANTHANIDESWITH ACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 3, no. 5 (October 1985): 637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366298508918532.

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3

Baranov, G. M., and V. V. Perekalin. "Aliphatic organophosphorus nitro-compounds." Russian Chemical Reviews 61, no. 12 (December 31, 1992): 1220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1992v061n12abeh001027.

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4

Plenut, Francise, Henri-Jean Cristau, and Murielle Cussagne. "New Carbamoyl Organophosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 111, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608054755.

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5

Jokanović, Milan. "Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds." Toxicology 166, no. 3 (September 2001): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00463-2.

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6

Shaabani, Ahmad, Mohammad Bagher Teimouri, Issa Yavari, Hassan Norouzi Arasi, and Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh. "1,4-Diionic organophosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 103, no. 2 (April 2000): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(99)00305-x.

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7

Esa, Ahmed H., Glenn A. Warr, and David S. Newcombe. "Immunotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds." Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 49, no. 1 (October 1988): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-1229(88)90093-1.

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8

Loison, M. Gérard. "Enzymes hydrolysing organophosphorus compounds." Biochimie 72, no. 1 (January 1990): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(90)90180-o.

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9

Petroianu, Georg A., and Roderich Ruefer. "Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds." Emergency Medicine Australasia 13, no. 2 (June 2001): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2026.2001.00223.x.

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10

Mukherjee, Sudisha, and Rinkoo Devi Gupta. "Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments." Journal of Toxicology 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3007984.

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Organophosphorus compounds are extensively used worldwide as pesticides which cause great hazards to human health. Nerve agents, a subcategory of the organophosphorus compounds, have been produced and used during wars, and they have also been used in terrorist activities. These compounds possess physiological threats by interacting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme which leads to the cholinergic crisis. After a general introduction, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noncholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds. The conceivable treatment strategies for organophosphate poisoning are different types of bioscavengers which include stoichiometric, catalytic, and pseudocatalytic. The current research on the promising treatments specifically the catalytic bioscavengers including several wild-type organophosphate hydrolases such as paraoxonase and phosphotriesterase, phosphotriesterase-like lactonase, methyl parathion hydrolase, organophosphate acid anhydrolase, diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, human triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, and senescence marker protein has been widely discussed. Organophosphorus compounds are reported to be the nonphysiological substrate for many mammalian organophosphate hydrolysing enzymes; therefore, the efficiency of these enzymes toward these compounds is inadequate. Hence, studies have been conducted to create mutants with an enhanced rate of hydrolysis and high specificity. Several mutants have been created by applying directed molecular evolution and/or targeted mutagenesis, and catalytic efficiency has been characterized. Generally, organophosphorus compounds are chiral in nature. The development of mutant enzymes for providing superior stereoselective degradation of toxic organophosphorus compounds has also been widely accounted for in this review. Existing enzymes have shown limited efficiency; hence, more effective treatment strategies have also been critically analyzed.

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11

Jiang, Hong, Chao Yang, Hong Qu, Zheng Liu, Q. S. Fu, and Chuanling Qiao. "Cloning of a Novel Aldo-Keto Reductase Gene from Klebsiella sp. Strain F51-1-2 and Its Functional Expression in Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 15 (June 15, 2007): 4959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02993-06.

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ABSTRACT A soil bacterium capable of metabolizing organophosphorus compounds by reducing the P═S group in the molecules was taxonomically identified as Klebsiella sp. strain F51-1-2. The gene involved in the reduction of organophosphorus compounds was cloned from this strain by the shotgun technique, and the deduced protein (named AKR5F1) showed homology to members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The intact coding region for AKR5F1 was subcloned into vector pET28a and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant His6-tagged AKR5F1 was purified in one step using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Assays for cofactor specificity indicated that reductive transformation of organophosphorus compounds by the recombinant AKR5F1 specifically required NADH. The kinetic constants of the purified recombinant AKR5F1 toward six thion organophosphorus compounds were determined. For example, the Km and k cat values of reductive transformation of malathion by the purified recombinant AKR5F1 are 269.5 ± 47.0 μΜ and 25.7 ± 1.7 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the reductive transformation of organophosphorus compounds can be largely explained by structural modeling.

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12

Kolodiazhnyi, Oleg I., and Anastasy O. Kolodiazhna. "Stereoselective Syntheses of Organophosphorus Compounds." Symmetry 16, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16030342.

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The review is devoted to the theoretical and synthetic aspects of the stereochemistry of organophosphorus compounds. Organophosphorus compounds are not only widely exist in biologically active pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, but also have widespread applications in material science and organic synthesis as ligands for transition metal complexes. One of the mainstreams for the development in this field is the creation of biologically active organophosphorus compounds that are searched and used as drugs or plant-protecting agents, which leads to the elaboration of advanced methods and monitoring, yielding up-to-date approaches to perform synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner. The review consists of two parts. The first part presents methods for the asymmetric synthesis of organophosphorus compounds using asymmetric organocatalysis and metal complex catalysis. In the review is described the nature of the chirality generation in the prebiotic period, the mechanisms of asymmetric induction, and double stereodifferentiation are discussed. The use of these methods for the preparation of chiral phosphorus analogs of natural compounds (phosphono-isonorstatin, phosphono-GABOB, phosphacarnitine, bis-phosphonates, and others) is described. Some data concerning of λ5-phosphanediones as metaphosphate anion analogues are also reported. The second part of the presented review shows examples of the use of these methods for the synthesis of phosphorus analogues of natural compounds—chiral phosphonoamino acids and hydroxyphosphonates: phosphonoaspartic acid, phosphonoglutamic acid, phosphonohomoproline, chiral bis-phosphonates. The reaction of dehydration aromatization with the formation of pho sphono isoindolinones, including isoindolinone bis-phosphonates, has been studied. Some of the synthesized compounds showed biological activity as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. A phosphonic analogue of iso-norstatine was synthesized. A stereoselective method for the synthesis of tetradecapentaenoic acid derivatives was developed.

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13

Berlicki, Lukasz, Ewa Rudziska, Piotr Mlynarza, and Pawel Kafarski. "Organophosphorus Supramolecular Chemistry Part 1. Receptors for Organophosphorus Compounds." Current Organic Chemistry 10, no. 18 (December 1, 2006): 2285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527206778992699.

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14

Orbulescu, Jhony, Celeste A. Constantine, Vipin K. Rastogi, Saumil S. Shah, Joseph J. DeFrank, and Roger M. Leblanc. "Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds by Covalently Immobilized Organophosphorus Hydrolase." Analytical Chemistry 78, no. 19 (October 2006): 7016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac061118m.

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15

Letort, Sophie, Sébastien Balieu, William Erb, Géraldine Gouhier, and François Estour. "Interactions of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with toxic organophosphorus compounds." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (February 5, 2016): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.23.

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The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current use of cyclodextrins against organophosphorus compound intoxications. Organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents play a determinant role in the inhibition of cholinesterases. The cyclic structure of cyclodextrins and their toroidal shape are perfectly suitable to design new chemical scavengers able to trap and hydrolyze the organophosphorus compounds before they reach their biological target.

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16

Husain, Kazim. "Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Compounds." Journal of Enviromental Immunology and Toxicology 1, no. 1 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7178/jeit.3.

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17

M Nurulain, Syed, Peter Szegi, Kornèlia Tekes, and Syed Nh Naqvi. "Antioxidants in Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2294.

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Oxidative stress has recently been implicated as a factor in the mortality and morbidity induced by organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning. An overwhelming number of research papers are based on studying at the cellular and organ level. Such studies have concluded that antioxidants can be used as an adjunct compound in the treatment of both chronic as well as acute OP poisoning. Still, the role of antioxidants in reducing the mortality and morbidity induced by OP compounds has scarcely been verified, as well as their role as adjunct treatment compounds for both structurally and functionally different OP compounds. The present review of the literature was undertaken to establish the role of antioxidants in survival studies following acute exposure to OP compounds. The review found no substantial evidence that antioxidants demonstrate any positive effect following extremely toxic poisoning. However, for a more comprehensive and rational conclusion, further research needs to be conducted.

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18

WU, Shao-Yong, and Akinori HIRASHIMA. "Stereochemistry of Insecticidal Organophosphorus Compounds." Journal of Pesticide Science 13, no. 3 (1988): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.13.527.

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19

Kurkova, I. N., A. V. Reshetnyak, O. M. Durova, V. D. Knorre, A. Tramontano, A. Friboulet, N. A. Ponomarenko, A. G. Gabibov, and I. V. Smirnov. "Antibodies-antidotes against organophosphorus compounds." Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 425, no. 1 (April 2009): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1607672909020100.

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20

Kolodiazhnyi, Oleg I. "Enzymatic synthesis of organophosphorus compounds." Russian Chemical Reviews 80, no. 9 (September 30, 2011): 883–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2011v080n09abeh004165.

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21

Ekerdt, J. G., K. J. Klabunde, J. R. Shapley, J. M. White, and J. T. Yates. "Surface chemistry of organophosphorus compounds." Journal of Physical Chemistry 92, no. 22 (November 1988): 6182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100333a005.

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22

Kolodiazhnyi, Oleg I. "Asymmetric synthesis of organophosphorus compounds." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 9, no. 8 (April 1998): 1279–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00089-5.

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23

Karami-Mohajeri, Somayyeh, and Mohammad Abdollahi. "Mitochondrial dysfunction and organophosphorus compounds." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 270, no. 1 (July 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.001.

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24

Singh, Brajesh K., and Allan Walker. "Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 30, no. 3 (May 2006): 428–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00018.x.

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25

Shameem, Muhammad Anwar, and Andreas Orthaber. "Organophosphorus Compounds in Organic Electronics." Chemistry - A European Journal 22, no. 31 (June 8, 2016): 10718–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201600005.

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26

Abdelsalam, E. B. "Organophosphorus compounds. II. Metabolic considerations." Veterinary Research Communications 11, no. 6 (1987): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00396373.

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27

Li, Shu-Sen, and Cheng-Ye Yuan. "Studies on organophosphorus compounds 52. Structure-reactivity studies of organophosphorus compounds by MNDO calculations." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (August 27, 2010): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.19920100210.

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28

Arisawa, Mieko. "Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Involving P–P Bond Cleavage." Synthesis 52, no. 19 (July 7, 2020): 2795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707890.

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Organophosphorus compounds are used as drugs, pesticides, detergents, food additives, flame retardants, synthetic reagents, and catalysts, and their efficient synthesis is an important task in organic synthesis. To synthesize novel functional organophosphorus compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed methods have been developed, which were previously considered difficult because of the strong bonding that occurs between transition metals and phosphorus. Addition reactions of triphenylphosphine and sulfonic acids to unsaturated compounds in the presence of a rhodium or palladium catalyst lead to phosphonium salts, in direct contrast to the conventional synthesis involving substitution reactions of organohalogen compounds. Rhodium and palladium complexes catalyze the cleavage of P–P bonds in diphosphines and polyphosphines and can transfer organophosphorus groups to various organic compounds. Subsequent substitution and addition reactions proceed effectively, without using a base, to provide various novel organophosphorus compounds.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphonium Salts by Addition Reactions of Triphenylphosphine and Sulfonic Acids3 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Exchange Reactions4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Substitution Reactions Using Diphosphines4.1 Reactions Involving Substitution of a Phosphorus Group by P–P Bond Cleavage4.2 Related Substitution Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds4.3 Substitution Reactions of Acid Fluorides Involving P–P Bond Cleavage of Diphosphines5 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Addition Reactions6 Rhodium-Catalyzed P–P Bond Cleavage and Insertion Reactions Using Polyphosphines7 Conclusions

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29

Mohamed, Rauda A., Keat K. Ong, Noor Azilah M. Kasim, Norhana A. Halim, Siti Aminah M. Noor, Victor F. Knight, Nurul Najwa Ab. Rahman, and Wan Md Zin W. Yunus. "Transitioning from Oxime to the Next Potential Organophosphorus Poisoning Therapy Using Enzymes." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7319588.

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For years, organophosphorus poisoning has been a major concern of health problems throughout the world. An estimated 200,000 acute pesticide poisoning deaths occur each year, many in developing countries. Apart from the agricultural pesticide poisoning, terrorists have used these organophosphorus compounds to attack civilian populations in some countries. Recent misuses of sarin in the Syrian conflict had been reported in 2018. Since the 1950s, the therapy to overcome this health problem is to utilize a reactivator to reactivate the inhibited acetylcholinesterase by these organophosphorus compounds. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the efficacy and toxicity of this reactivator. Pralidoxime, MMB-4, TMB-4, obidoxime, and HI-6 are the examples of the established oximes, yet they are of insufficient effectiveness in some poisonings and only a limited spectrum of the different nerve agents and pesticides are being covered. Alternatively, an option in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning that has been explored is through the use of enzyme therapy. Organophosphorus hydrolases are a group of enzymes that look promising for detoxifying organophosphorus compounds and have recently gained much interest. These enzymes have demonstrated remarkable protective and antidotal value against some different organophosphorus compounds in vivo in animal models. Apart from that, enzyme treatments have also been applied for decontamination purposes. In this review, the restrictions and obstacles in the therapeutic development of oximes, along with the new strategies to overcome the problems, are discussed. The emerging interest in enzyme treatment with its advantages and disadvantages is described as well.

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30

Koenig, Jeffrey A., Cindy Acon Chen, and Tsung-Ming Shih. "Development of a Larval Zebrafish Model for Acute Organophosphorus Nerve Agent and Pesticide Exposure and Therapeutic Evaluation." Toxics 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040106.

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Organophosphorus compound exposure remains a present threat through agricultural accidents, warfare, or terrorist activity. The primary mechanism of organophosphorus toxicity is through inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, with current emergency treatment including anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, and oxime reactivators. However, a need for more effective and broadly acting countermeasures remains. This study aimed to develop larval zebrafish as a high-throughput model for evaluating novel therapeutics against acute organophosphorus exposure. Larval zebrafish at six days post-fertilization were exposed to acute concentrations of seven organophosphorus compounds and treated with one of three oximes. Lethality studies indicated similar relative toxicity to that seen in the established rodent model, with chemical warfare agents proving more lethal than organophosphorus pesticides. Additionally, the organophosphorus-specific response for oxime reactivation of acetylcholinesterase was comparable to what has been previously reported. Behavioral studies measuring the visual motor response demonstrated greater efficacy for centrally acting oxime compounds than for those that are contained to the peripheral tissue. Overall, these results support the use of this larval zebrafish model as a high-throughput screening platform for evaluating novel treatments following acute organophosphorus exposure.

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31

Macarie, Lavinia, Nicoleta Plesu, Smaranda Iliescu, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds using ionic liquids." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0014.

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Abstract Organophosphorus chemistry was developed in the last decade by promoting the synthesis reactions using ionic liquids either as solvent or catalyst. Ionic liquids (ILs), the so-called “green solvents”, have gained interest in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds as alternatives to flammable and toxic organic solvents and catalysts. ILs have beneficial properties because they provide high solubility for many organic and inorganic compounds or metal complexes, have no vapor pressure, and are reusable. Also, in some cases, they can enhance the reactivity of chemical reagents. In this review, we aimed at showing the synthesis of different organophosphorus compounds under green and mild conditions using ILs as reaction media or catalysts, according to a trend developed in the last years. A novel trend is to perform these syntheses under microwave irradiation conditions together with ILs as solvents and catalysts.

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32

Li, Aimin, Guochen Zheng, Ning Chen, Weiyi Xu, Yuzhi Li, Fei Shen, Shuo Wang, Guangli Cao, and Ji Li. "Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Compounds in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Upstream Enterprises." Water 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 3942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233942.

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Organophosphorus compounds have toxic effects on organisms and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is vital to monitor and control the effluent organophosphorus levels of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study analyzed the composition and concentration of organophosphorus compounds from the upstream enterprises of a WWTP and conducted ecological risk and toxicity assessments using ECOSAR (ecological structure activity relationship model), T.E.S.T (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool), and risk quotient (RQ) methods. A total of 14 organic phosphorus pollutants were detected in the effluent of the upstream enterprises and WWTP. The concentration of influent total organic phosphorus from the WWTP was 39.5 mg/L, and the effluent total organic phosphorus was merely 0.301 mg/L, indicating that good phosphorus removal was achieved in the WWTP. According to the acute and chronic toxicity analysis, the ECOSAR ecotoxicity assessment showed that 11 kinds of organophosphorus compounds were hazardous to fish, daphnia, and algae in different degrees. Among them, triphenyl phosphine (TPP) had a 96 hr LC50 of 1.00 mg/L for fish and is a substance with high acute toxicity. T.E.S.T evaluates the acute toxicity of each organophosphorus component and the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The evaluation results showed that the LC50 of TPP and octicizer were 0.39 and 0.098 mg/L, respectively, and the concentrations of these two organophosphorus compounds from the effluent of an environmental protection enterprise were as high as 30.4 mg/L and 0.735 mg/L, which exceeded the acute toxicity values and has led to serious hazards to aquatic organisms. The BCF values of each organophosphorus component in the upstream enterprises and the effluent of the WWTP were less than 2000, implying that there was no bioaccumulation effect on aquatic organisms. The developmental toxicity assessment demonstrated that there were nine types of organophosphorus compounds belonging to developmental toxicants, that the presence of developmental toxicants was found in the effluent of each upstream enterprise, and that triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most common organophosphorus compound. Comparing the RQ of the effluent from various enterprises, it was found that the effluent from the environmental protection enterprise presented the highest degree of environmental hazard, mainly due to the higher toxicity of TEP and octicizer.

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33

Yorimitsu, Hideki. "Homolytic substitution at phosphorus for C–P bond formation in organic synthesis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (June 28, 2013): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.143.

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Organophosphorus compounds are important in organic chemistry. This review article covers emerging, powerful synthetic approaches to organophosphorus compounds by homolytic substitution at phosphorus with a carbon-centered radical. Phosphination reagents include diphosphines, chalcogenophosphines and stannylphosphines, which bear a weak P–heteroatom bond for homolysis. This article deals with two transformations, radical phosphination by addition across unsaturated C–C bonds and substitution of organic halides.

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34

Lindell, Stephen, Bernhard Lesch, and Douglas Thomson. "The Combinatorial Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138620708783398359.

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35

Shafiullah, Mohamed. "Organophosphorus Compounds and Teratogenecity/Embryotoxicity-viewpoint." Journal of Enviromental Immunology and Toxicology 1, no. 1 (2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7178/jeit.9.

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36

Sosa, Ricardo D., Jacinta C. Conrad, Michael A. Reynolds, and Jeffrey D. Rimer. "Suppressing barite crystallization with organophosphorus compounds." CrystEngComm 23, no. 44 (2021): 7725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ce00813g.

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A naturally derived phosphorous-containing molecule, phytate, functions as a dual inhibitor of barium sulfate (barite) nucleation and growth, making it a potentially viable environmentally-friendly alternative to current barite scale treatments.

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37

Sahlman, Mika, Mari Lundström, and Dawid Janas. "Sensing Organophosphorus Compounds with SWCNT Films." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144915.

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Promising electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) open a spectrum of applications for this material. As the SWCNT electronic characteristics respond well to the presence of various analytes, this makes them highly sensitive sensors. In this contribution, selected organophosphorus compounds were detected by studying their impact on the electronic properties of the nanocarbon network. The goal was to untangle the n-doping mechanism behind the beneficial effect of organic phosphine derivatives on the electrical conductivity of SWCNT networks. The highest sensitivity was obtained in the case of the application of 1,6-Bis(diphenylphoshpino)hexane. Consequently, free-standing SWCNT films experienced a four-fold improvement to the electrical conductivity from 272 ± 21 to 1010 ± 44 S/cm and an order of magnitude increase in the power factor. This was ascribed to the beneficial action of electron-rich phenyl moieties linked with a long alkyl chain, making the dopant interact well with SWCNTs.

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38

OKAMOTO, Yoshiki. "Synthesis and Properties of Organophosphorus Compounds." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 40, no. 9 (1991): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.40.699.

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39

Bálint, Erika, Eszter Fazekas, Judit Takács, Ádám Tajti, Amadej Juranovič, Marijan Kočevar, and György Keglevich. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 188, no. 1-3 (January 1, 2013): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2012.743544.

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40

Hägele, Gerhard. "NMR controlled titrations characterizing organophosphorus compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 194, no. 4-6 (December 11, 2018): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2018.1543304.

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41

Trebše, Polonca, and Mladen Franko. "Laser-induced degradation of organophosphorus compounds." International Journal of Photoenergy 4, no. 1 (2002): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x02000077.

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The object of our research has been laser-induced photo-oxidation of organophosphorus compounds in aqueous media. A XeCl excimer laser with a pulse energy of up to 150 mJ and wavelength of 308 nm has been used as a light source. The research comprised the influence of irradiation conditions on pesticide degradation (number of laser pulses, pulse energy) and decomposition efficiency. The time between irradiation and sample isolation ranged from 5 min to 24 hrs. Rapid decomposition has been achieved within two hours following the irradiation for the range of concentrations limited by the solubility of pesticide (up to 40 mgL-1). 1 mL samples required less than 120 mJ of total irradiation energy at 308 nm, which was delivered to the sample in time intervals shorter then 1 second when catalysts, such as titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide were applied. Similar degradation efficiency was also obtained without the addition of catalysts when higher irradiation energies were used. The compounds detected in the irradiated samples suggest that diazinon is converted directly into 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine without the formation of more toxic diazoxon. This transformation involves oxidation of the sulphur atom to the sulphate anion.

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42

Ye, Mao-Chun, Li-Pou Li, Yu-Fen Zhao, and Chun Zhai. "IODINE INDUCED CYCLIZATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS." Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 39, no. 1-2 (September 1988): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648808072858.

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43

KONNO, Nobuhiro. "Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus and Dithiocarbamate Compounds." Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) 57, no. 4 (2003): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.57.645.

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Kutyrev, A. A., and V. V. Moskva. "Organophosphorus Compounds in Reactions with Quinones." Russian Chemical Reviews 56, no. 11 (November 30, 1987): 1028–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1987v056n11abeh003320.

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Vereshchagina, Yana A., Eleonora A. Ishmaeva, and Vladislav V. Zverev. "Theoretical conformational analysis of organophosphorus compounds." Russian Chemical Reviews 74, no. 4 (April 30, 2005): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2005v074n04abeh000890.

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Yoshifuji, Masaaki, Kozo Toyota, Kazunori Kamijo, Shinya Sangu, and De-Lie An. "Sterically and Electronically Stabilized Organophosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 111, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608054817.

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Li, Shusen, and Chengye Yuan. "Molecular Mechanics Study of Organophosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 147, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509908053585.

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The Lancet. "Organophosphorus compounds: good, bad, and difficult." Lancet 352, no. 9127 (August 1998): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)21033-6.

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Kostitsyn, Andrej B., Oleg M. Nefedov, Heinrich Heydt, and Manfred Regitz. "Organophosphorus Compounds; 74:1Cyclopropyl-Substituted Phosphaalkenes." Synthesis 1994, no. 02 (1994): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-25428.

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Richards, Paul, Martin Johnson, David Ray, and Colin Walker. "Novel protein targets for organophosphorus compounds." Chemico-Biological Interactions 119-120 (May 1999): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2797(99)00064-2.

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