Relevant bibliographies by topics / Organoclay

Academic literature on the topic 'Organoclay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Organoclay"

1

Wang, Shaohui, Zonglin Peng, Yong Zhang, and Yinxi Zhang. "Structure and Properties of BR Nanocomposites Reinforced with Organoclay." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 4 (May 2005): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300404.

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Butadiene rubber (BR)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by direct melt mixing of BR and clay modified with different primary and quaternary ammonium salts. BR/pristine clay composite and BR/organoclay nanocomposites were analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of the BR/pristine clay and BR/organoclay composites were investigated. The results showed that the interlayer distance of the organoclays was expanded, which indicated that intercalated BR/organoclay nanocomposites had been prepared. Organoclay effectively accelerated the vulcanization of BR, which was attributed to the intercalatant used to modify the clay. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of BR/organoclay nanocomposites are much higher than those of gum BR vulcanizate and BR/pristine clay composites. The organoclay modified with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride (DDAC) gave the best reinforcement effect in BR of all the organoclays.
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2

Medeiros, Keila Machado, Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva, Luana Rodrigues Kojuch, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Hélio Lucena Lira. "Preparation of Organoclay for Polymeric Nanocomposites Membranes." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.899.

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Bentonites are the most used fillers in the development of nanocomposites, due to their characteristics that provide nanosized particles, contributing to a large contact area between the clay and the polymer. In general, the additions of small amounts of organoclay improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Bentonite clays and organoclays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of XRF, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the organoclay structure. From TG, it was observed that the organoclay showed better thermal stability when compared with bentonite clay.
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3

Castaño-Rivera, Patricia, Isabel Calle-Holguín, Johanna Castaño, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Karen Galvez-Garrido, and Eduardo Troncoso-Ortega. "Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071085.

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Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.
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4

Ladavos, Athanasios, Aris E. Giannakas, Panagiotis Xidas, Dimitrios J. Giliopoulos, Maria Baikousi, Dimitrios Gournis, Michael A. Karakassides, and Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis. "Preparation and Characterization of Polystyrene Hybrid Composites Reinforced with 2D and 3D Inorganic Fillers." Micro 1, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro1010002.

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Polystyrene (PS)/silicate composites were prepared with the addition of two organoclays (orgMMT and orgZenith) and two mesoporous silicas (SBA-15 and MCF) via (i) solution casting and (ii) melt compounding methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced an intercalated structure for PS/organoclay nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated improvement in the thermal stability of PS-nanocomposites compared to the pristine polymer. This enhancement was more prevalent for the nanocomposites prepared with a lab-made organoclay (orgZenith). Tensile measurement results indicated that elastic modulus increment was more prevalent (up to 50%) for microcomposites prepared using mesoporous silicas as filler. Organoclay addition led to a decrease in oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values. This decrement reached up to 50% for high organoclay content films in comparison to pristine PS film. Decrement above 80% was measured for microcomposites with mesoporous silicas and 5 wt% filler content obtained via melt compounding.
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5

Pham, Hien Quang, Son Thanh Thanh Do, and Nieu Huu Nguyen. "STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1858.

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Natural rubber (NR), 30% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR30) and organoclays (Nanomer I28E and I30E) are blended in Brabender. Dispersions of the organoclay in NR are investigated by X – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the increase of dispersion efficiency by the addition of ENR30 as a compatibilizer. The existence of organoclay I28E reduces the vulcanization time, while torque value increases slightly and mechanical properties (abrasion resistance, modulus M100, modulus M300, tensile strength, tear strength) are improved considerably.
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6

Siliani, M., M. A. López-Manchado, J. L. Valentín, M. Arroyo, A. Marcos, M. Khayet, and J. P. G. Villaluenga. "Millable Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.134.

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Novel millable polyurethane (PU)/organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by conventional transformation techniques. One natural (C6A) and two organically modified (C15A and C30B) montmorillonites have been used as clays for preparing PU nanocomposites. The optimum dispersion of nanofiller at a nanometer scale in PU matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy. A substantial improvement of the PU properties by addition of only a small amount of organoclay was observed. It is worthy to note that the organoclays show a different interfacial interaction with the PU matrix, which was reflected in different macroscopic properties. Thus, C30B organoclay seems to react with PU chains to form covalent bonds, while C15Aonly interacts physically with PU chains. Mechanical and barrier properties are analyzed.
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7

Li, Yongjin, Yuko Iwakura, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Crystal Form and Phase Structure of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polyamide 11/Clay Nanocomposites by High-Shear Processing." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18235.

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Polyamide 11 (PA11)/clay, Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/clay and PVDF/PA11/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt processing using a high shear extruder. Two types of organoclay with different modified alkyl tails and different polarities were used for PA11 and PVDF nanocomposites. PA11 nanocomposites derived from an organoclay having one alkyl tail show a well-exfoliated morphology but no crystal form transformation, whereas those derived from an organoclay having two alkyl tails give a little worse clay dispersion with the clear α to γ crystal form transition with the addition of the clay. In contrast, the PVDF composites derived from the two organoclays result in a poor dispersion. In addition, PVDF/PA11 blend nanocomposites with a novel morphology have been fabricated using the high-shear extruder. It was found that the clay platelets were selectively dispersed in the PA11 phase with the size of larger than 200 nm, while no clay platelets were located in the PVDF phase and in the PA11 nanodomains with the size of smaller than 200 nm. Moreover, the addition of organoclay shows significant effects on the phase structure of PVDF/PA11 blends.
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8

Ghari, Hedayatollah Sadeghi, and Zahra Shakouri. "SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT OF ORGANOCLAY AND DOUBLE NETWORKING IN NATURAL RUBBER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.88909.

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ABSTRACT Research was undertaken on natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with organoclays. A double-network (DN) structure is formed when a partially cross-linked elastomer is further cross-linked during a state of strain. Two methods were used in the preparation of NR/organoclay nanocomposites: the ordinary method (single-network NR nanocomposite) and double-networked NR (DN-NR) nanocomposites. The single-networked NR nanocomposites were used for comparison. The effects of organoclay (5 phr) with a different extension ratio on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behavior, and morphology of single- and double-networked NR nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that double-networked NR nanocomposites exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of DN-NR nanocomposites increased up to 33 MPa (more than four times greater than that of pure NR) and then decreased with an increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with an increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the NR/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different extension ratios on the dispersion of organoclay layers in the nanocomposites were investigated. Generally, results showed that the optimized extension ratio in DN nanocomposites was equal (or about or around) to α= 2.
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9

Benali, Samira, Sophie Peeterbroeck, Jérôme Larrieu, Fabrice Laffineur, Jean-Jacques Pireaux, Michaël Alexandre, and Philippe Dubois. "Study of Interlayer Spacing Collapse During Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Melt Intercalation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18234.

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The influence of the chemical structure of alkylammonium organo-modifying montmorillonite clays on the ability to form nanocomposites by melt blending, depending on the processing temperature and the organoclay thermal treatment, has been investigated. On one side chlorinated polyethylene/Cloisite®30B (nano)composite has been prepared by melt intercalation at 175 °C and its wide angle X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the peak characteristic of the interlayer spacing of the organoclay was shifted to lower d-spacing, indicating a collapse of the organoclay structure. On the other side, (nano)composites based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/Cloisite®30B have been prepared by melt intercalation at 140 °C. At this temperature, exfoliation was observed with the as-received organoclay while the same organo-modified clay, simply dried at 180 °C for 2 hours, induced again the formation of a composite with a collapsed structure. The effect of the Cloisite®30B thermal treatment on the morphology and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate–based (nano)composites was investigated using wide angle X-ray diffraction and tensile tests. In order to shed some light on the origin of this clay interlayer collapse, organoclay modified with various ammonium cations bearing long alkyl chains with different amounts of unsaturations were studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after thermal treatment at 180 °C for 2 hours. Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of all organoclays was also investigated. The layers collapse effect is discussed depending upon the level of unsatured hydrocarbon present in the organic surfactant.
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Delozier, D. M., R. A. Orwoll, J. F. Cahoon, J. S. Ladislaw, J. G. Smith, and J. W. Connell. "Polyimide Nanocomposites Prepared with a Novel Aromatic Surfactant." High Performance Polymers 15, no. 3 (September 2003): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008303015003009.

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Montmorillonite clays modified with 1,5-bis(3-aminophenoxy)-3-oxapentane dihydrochloride (BAOD) were used in the preparation of polyimide/organoclay hybrid films. Organoclays with varying surface charge based upon BAOD were prepared and examined for their dispersion behavior in the polymer matrix. Initial evaluation was performed by preparing high molecular weight poly(amide acid) solutions in the presence of the organoclays at a 3 wt% loading. Films were cast and subsequently heated to 300 °C to cause imidization. The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. It was found that the clay's cation exchange capacity (CEC) played a key role in determining the extent of dispersion in the polyimide matrix. Considerable dispersion was observed in nanocomposite films prepared from organoclays possessing medium and high CECs. One organoclay that dispersed well was further evaluated in nanocomposite films at weight loadings of 5 and 8%. The nanocomposite films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and thin-film tensile testing. High levels of clay dispersion were achieved even at the higher clay loadings. Mechanical testing of these films showed that the moduli of the materials increased with increasing clay concentration, but the strength and elongation were generally adversely affected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organoclay"

1

Sontikaew, Somchoke. "PET/organoclay nanocomposites." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3280.

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This thesis looks at the study of nanocomposites of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and organoclays. Two methods of materials blending are investigated for the production of the nanocomposites: solvent blending and melt blending. The main objectives were the investigation of the influence of organoclays and processing conditions on morphological, rheological, mechanical properties, crystal structure and isothermal crystallization kinetics of the nanocomposite and a comparison with unfilled PET. In solvent blending, the use of long sonication time and epoxy led to the formation of a two-dimensional network structure of long, thin particles in a solvent blended PET nanocomposite at low clay loading. The clay network structure seemed not to affect the tensile properties. The long, thin particles were able to be separated and dispersed further by high shear in a twin screw extruder, resulting in a high level of separation and dispersion. The crystallization of the solvent blended nanocomposite was not only influenced by the nanoclay but also by the residual solvent. The extent of clay dispersion did not affect the crystallization of the solvent blended sample. Both solvent blended and melt blended nanocomposites showed that increasing the amount of surfactant improved the degree of nanoclay dispersion in the PET that led to an enhancement in the tensile properties of the nanocomposite compared to the unfilled polymer. The degradation of the organoclay during melt blending did not limit the nanoclay dispersion in the PET. The low thermal stability of the organoclay reduced the strength of the crystalline nanocomposite but it did not affect the strength of the amorphous nanocomposite. In contrast to the solvent blended sample, the extent of clay dispersion influenced the crystallization of the melt blended sample. The poorly dispersed particles were more efficient in nucleating PET crystallization than the well dispersed particles. The crystallization rate of PET increased as the surfactant concentration decreased.
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2

Lowe, David James. "Natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2971.

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Natural rubber (NR)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared using organomontmorillonite (OMMT) and organo-sepiolite (OSEP). Both were found to improve modulus significantly more than equivalent amounts of conventional fillers such as carbon black for strains up to 100%. OSEP was found to increase modulus more than OMMT for a given filler content, and NR/OSEP nanocomposites also had potentially anisotropic physical properties. OMMT had more effect on vulcanisation than OSEP, although both produced considerable acceleration. The tensile stress-strain behaviour of NR/OMMT and NR/OSEP nanocomposites were studied using a number of different micromechanical models. Some models were found to give a good empirical fit with experimental data, with the best results given by the Halpin-Tsai model. Furthermore, by analysis of the vulcanisation behaviour using rheometry, and particle morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was possible to accurately estimate the Young's modulus of a nanocomposite from knowledge of the cure onset time and the shape factor of the particles. It was discovered that unmodified montmorillonite and sepiolite clays could undergo organic modi cation in situ during mixing into NR following the addition of a suitable modifier. This resulted in vulcanisates with very similar physical properties to those found when using pre-modified OMMT or OSEP. TEM and X-ray diffraction showed that the exfoliation state of the clay modified in situ was also similar to that of pre-modified organoclay. Silane coupling agents were also used with NR/OMMT and NR/OSEP nanocomposites, producing significant increases in modulus. However, the increased modulus was only observed above 40% strain for OMMT and above 25% for OSEP. The coupling agents strengthens the rubber- ller interface preventing interfacial slippage and cavitation in the nanocomposite, and these mechanisms only begin to operate when the interfacial stress reaches a significant level. The most effective coupling agent used was bis[triethoxysilylpropyl] tetrasulfide due to its relatively high reactivity.
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3

Isik, Isil. "Impact Modified Polyamide-organoclay Nanocomposites." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608353/index.pdf.

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The effects of melt state compounding and addition order of ethylene-butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (E-BA-MAH), ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA), ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer and/or three types of organoclays (Cloisite®
15A, 25A and 30B) on morphology, thermal, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of polyamide-6 are investigated. XRD patterns show that the interlayer spacing for Cloisite®
15A remained unchanged
however it increased for the organoclays Cloisite®
25A and Cloisite®
30B in both polyamide-6/organoclay binary nanocomposites and in polyamide-6/organoclay/impact modifier ternary systems. TEM analyses indicate that exfoliated-intercalated nanocomposites are formed. Sizes of elastomeric domains in nanocomposites are larger than the domains in their corresponding blends. The MFI results show that incorporation of elastomer reduces the MFI, due to the formation of graft copolymer. Both storage and loss moduli and complex viscosity of polyamide-6 increase with organoclay addition. In DMA measurements, in rubbery region, all nanocomposites show higher storage modulus than the unfilled counterparts. In general, the organoclays increase tensile and flexural strength, Young&
#8217
s and flexural modulus and elongation at break, but decrease the impact strength, on the contrary, the addition of elastomer has the opposite effect. Generally, Cloisite®
15A containing ternary nanocomposites have higher tensile, flexural and impact strength and Young&
#8217
s and flexural modulus than the ternary nanocomposites prepared with Cloisite®
25A and Cloisite®
30B. In general, nanocomposites processed by adding all the ingredients simultaneously give higher tensile and flexural strength and modulus than the nanocomposites produced by other mixing sequences.
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4

Yao, Kejian. "Higher performance polyurethane-organoclay nanocomposites." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7795.

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A series of polyurethane (PU)-organoclay nanocompositcs were synthcsised by swelling organically-modified layered silicate (organoclay) in a polyol with subsequent polymerisation. The techniques of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infer-red spectroscopy (FTIR), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSQ, contact angle measurement and tensile test were used to investigate the effect of addition of organoclay on curing dynamics, phase structure, tensile properties, dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), fatigue durability and surface properties of PUs. FTIR and MDSC revealed that the addition of organoclay has an important influence on curing process of PUs. With increasing organoclay, the reaction between -OH group in polyol and- NCO in isocyanate became fast. WAXD and TEM results showed that PU-organoclay nanocomposites prepared in this research were intercalated materials ones. The addition of organoclay has significant influences on the phase structure of PUs. SAXS results revealed that the long period (average thickness of soft and hard segment) decreased with increasing organoclay. Contact angle measurements showed that the organoclay can affect the surface properties of PU nanocomposites. The addition of organoclay resulted in the decrease in surface energy. AFM results revealed that the adhesion force of the surface of PU nanocomposites decreased with increasing organoclay. Tensile strength and elongation of PUs at break were improved significantly by incorporating organoclay. The tensile strength increased up to 100%, and elongation increased up to 120%. At high soft segment content, with increasing organoclay, the modulus decreased slightly, and at low soft segment content, the modulus increased with increasing organoclay. The addition of organoclay improved significantly thermal stability of PUs. Fatigue measurements uggestedt hat the fatigue durability can significantly be improved by incorporating organoclay. A nanospring concept for understanding the enhancemenht as been proposed.
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Mert, Miray. "Impact Modified Nylon 66-organoclay Nanocomposites." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608112/index.pdf.

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PA 66 nanocomposites and PA 66 blends were prepared using Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 25A and Cloisite 30B as organoclays and Lotader 2210 (E-BA-MAH), Lotader AX8840 (E-GMA) and Lotader AX8900 (E-MA-GMA) as impact modifiers. The effects of the composition, types of the components and the addition order of the nanocomposites on the morphology, mechanical, flow and thermal properties were investigated. Melt compounding step was carried out twice in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. This was called as All-S mixing sequence when all the components were melt mixed, simultaneously. The concentration of the elastomer was determined as 5 wt% and the organoclay as 2 wt% to minimize agglomeration of the organoclay and decrease in the mechanical properties. The components which exhibited the best mechanical results and organoclay delamination in All-S mixing sequences were compounded by using different addition orders. Substantial increases were not observed in the tensile, impact, flexural and hardness test results of the nanocomposites compared to the polymer matrix that was twice extruded. Addition order of the components affected the properties of the nanocomposites and dispersion of the elastomeric domains and the organoclay. The best mechanical test results were obtained for All-S mixing sequence of (PA 66-15A-2210). The degree of organoclay dispersion is better in Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 25A containing nanocomposites than the ones which have Cloisite 30B. Low melt flow index values aided dispersion of the organoclay whereas the slight changes in the crystallinity did not significantly contribute to the changes in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites or the blends.
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6

Alyamac, Elif. "Impact Modified Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)-organoclay Nanocomposites." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605092/index.pdf.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of component concentrations and addition order of the components, on the final properties of ternary nanocomposites composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate), organoclay, and an ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA) terpolymer acting as an impact modifier for PET. In this context, first, the optimum amount of the impact modifier was determined by melt compounding binary PET-terpolymer blends in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The amount of the impact modifier (5 wt. %) resulting in the highest Young&rsquo
s modulus and reasonable elongation at break was selected owing to its balanced mechanical properties. Thereafter, by using 5 wt. % terpolymer content, the effects of organically modified clay concentration and addition order of the components on ternary nanocomposites were systematically investigated. Mechanical testing revealed that different addition orders of the materials significantly affected mechanical properties. Among the investigated addition orders, the best sequence of component addition (PI-C) was the one in which poly(ethylene terephthalate) was first compounded with E-MA-GMA. Later, this mixture was compounded with the organoclay in the subsequent run. Young'
s modulus of not extruded pure PET increased by 67% in samples with 5 wt. % E-MA-GMA plus 5 wt. % clay loading. The highest percent elongation at break was obtained as 300%, for the addition order of PI-C, with 1 wt. % clay content, which is nearly 50 fold higher than that obtained for pure PET. In X-ray diffraction analysis, extensive layer separation associated with delamination of the original clay structure occurred in PI-C and CI-P sequences with both 1 and 3 wt. % clay contents. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that, at these conditions exfoliated structures resulted as indicated by the disappearence of any peaks due to the diffraction within the consecutive clay layers.
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7

Yayla, Saniye. "Production And Characterization Of Polypropylene/organoclay Nanocomposites." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608485/index.pdf.

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Polypropylene, PP, based nanocomposites were produced via melt blending method by using twin-screw extrusion in this study. The effects of organoclay type, compatibilizer type, and mixing order of components on the morphology, thermal, mechanical and flow properties of ternary nanocomposites were investigated. Terpolymer of ethylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride, ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate, and copolymer of ethylene/glycidyl methacrylate elastomers were used as compatibilizer, whereas Cloisite®
30B, Cloisite®
15A, and Cloisite®
25A were used as organoclay. iv In order to determine the optimum amount of compatibilizer, PP/compatibilizer blends were produced with different compositions. The content of compatibilizer was determined as 5 wt % based on the mechanical tests. Then, ternary nanocomposites were prepared with 5 wt % compatibilizer and 2 wt % organoclay contents. In addition, neat PP and PP/organoclay composites were prepared in order to make comparison. After that, the samples were characterized. According to the XRD analysis, the highest increase in the interlayer spacings of organoclays were observed in the PP/E-MA-GMA/Cloisite®
15A (23%) and PP/E-MA-GMA/ Cloisite®
25A (88.3%) ternary systems. SEM micrograms revealed that compatibilizer E-MA-GMA is the most compatible elastomer with PP. Thus, it was decided to investigate the effect of mixing order on the properties of these nanocomposites with E-MA-GMA. DSC analysis showed that the melting behavior of the nanocomposites does not change significantly with the presence of organoclay and compatibilizer. In addition, compatibilizers and organoclays have no significant nucleation activity in PP. The systems PP/E-MA-GMA/Cloisite®
15A and PP/E-MA-GMA/Cloisite®
25A have the highest improvements according to the results of mechanical tests. The results of mechanical tests showed that the mixing sequence (PEC), in which PP, organoclay and compatibilizer were compounded simultaneously in the first extrusion run, is the best sequence.
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8

Whilton, Nicola Tracey. "Routes to novel nano-structured organoclay composites." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390226.

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9

Delozier, Donavon Mark. "Preparation and characterization of polyimide/organoclay nanocomposites." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623403.

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The purpose of this research was to prepare nanocomposite materials comprised of exfoliated clay particles in a polyimide matrix. Poly(amide acid)/organoclay solutions and polyimide/organoclay films were prepared and the clay dispersion was characterized by visual inspection, XRD, and TEM. Mechanical measurements and certain thermal characterization measurements were also obtained. The research began by attempting to repeat the procedures set forth in the literature. Most of the polyimide/organoclay nanocomposites were being prepared by mixing prepared poly(amide acid) solutions with organoclay solutions. This simple mixing technology was used in the preparation of various polyimide/organoclay hybrid formulations. In-situ polymerization, which involved performing the polymer synthesis in the presence of the organoclay, replaced simple mixing with increased success. Although the in-situ polymerization technique was successful at exfoliating clay particles in certain polyimides, the organoclay degraded at the polyimide cure temperature. In order to raise the use temperature, the aliphatic surfactants found in commonly used organoclays were replaced with aromatic surfactants. The dispersion of the clay was more difficult with the aromatic surfactants. It was facilitated by reducing the charge on the clay surface. This was achieved by replacing some of the cations that reside on the surface of the clay particles with lithium ions in the interior of the particles. The in-situ polymerization of APB-BPDA poly(amide acid) in the presence of an aromatic organoclay with a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 0.57 meq/g and subsequent cure to the polyimide yielded a film with a high level of clay dispersion.
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10

Inam, Deniz. "Organoclay Preparation For Anionic Contaminant Removal From Water." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606674/index.pdf.

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Increasing concern about the pollution of environment by inorganic and organic chemicals arising from naturally occurring ecological events and industrial processes has created a need for the search of new techniques in the removal of these contaminants. One of the natural material that can be used in such processes is clay. Clay minerals have large surface areas and high cation exchange capacities which enables them to be modified by cationic surfactants. The material prepared, often called as &
#8216
organoclay&
#8217
, can be used to remove hydrophobic organic and anionic contaminants from polluted water. Among the anionic contaminants, oxyanions such as nitrate, chromate are detrimental to human life and environment even at µ
g/L- mg/L levels. Application of organoclays for their removal from polluted water appears as one of the practical and rather cheap solution. In this study, a local clay from Ankara-Kalecik (Hanç
ili Bentonite) was modified by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) to a level of twice of its cation exchange capacity. This process alters the negatively charged surface of the clay into a positively charged one, providing sites for the removal of anionic contaminants. In this study, the degree of HDTMA+ uptake by the clay within a period of eight hours is found to be 97% of the initial amount added. In desorption studies it was revealed that only about 1% of the sorbed HTDMA+ was leached in a seven days of water-organoclay interaction revealing a rather stable organoclay structure in aqeous media. Sorption experiments with nitrate, borate, and chromate solutions were performed in order to determine the anion sorption capacity of the organoclays prepared. It turns out that while untreated clay has insignificant capacity, the modified clay can remove considerable amount of nitrate and chromate ions from aqeous solutions. While the nitrate sorption was increased about eleven fold, change in chromate sorption was reached to a level of twenty fold compared to that of the untreated clay. Sorption data for nitrate and chromate are both well described by the Langmuir isotherms. No significant change was observed in case of borate-organoclay interaction. Desorption of nitrate and chromate ions from organoclay surface were also investigated. Sorption of these oxyanions were found to be almost irreversible in aqeous media. The results imply that a properly prepared organoclay can be used for the removal of oxyanions, such as nitrate and chromate from polluted water systems.
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Books on the topic "Organoclay"

1

Cavalcanti, Jorge V. F. L. Removal of Effluent from Petrochemical Wastewater by Adsorption Using Organoclay. INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012.

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Han, Chang Dae. Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187823.001.0001.

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Volume 1 presents first fundamental principles of the rheology of polymeric fluid including kinematics and stresses of a deformable body, the continuum theory for the viscoelasticity of flexible homogeneous polymeric liquids, the molecular theory for the viscoelasticity of flexible homogeneous polymeric liquids, and the experimental methods for the measurement of the rheological properties of poylmeric liquids. The materials presented are intended to set a stage for the subsequent chapters by introducing the basic concepts and principles of rheology, from both phenomenological and molecular perspectives, ofstructurally simple flexible and homogeneous polymeric liquids. Next, this volume presents the rheological behavior of structurally complex polymeric materials including miscible polymer blends, block copolymers, liquid-crystalline polymers, thermoplastic polyurethanes, immiscible polymer blends, perticulare-filled polymers, organoclay nanocomposites, molten polymers with dissolved gas, and thermosts.
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Book chapters on the topic "Organoclay"

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Giannini, Luca, Attilio Citterio, Maurizio Galimberti, and Dafne Cozzi. "Chemistry of Rubber-Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites, 127–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118092866.ch5.

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Ali, Fathilah Binti, Azlin Suhaida Azmi, Hazleen Anuar, and Jamarosliza Jamaluddin. "Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Advances in Nanotechnology and Its Applications, 107–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4742-3_7.

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Araújo, Edcleide M., K. D. Araujo, and T. R. Gouveia. "Physical Properties of Nylon 66/Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Materials Science Forum, 702–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-423-5.702.

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Tabatabaee, Nader, and Mohammad Hossein Shafiee. "Effect of Organoclay Modified Binders on Fatigue Performance." In 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements, 869–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4566-7_84.

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Herrero, B., M. Arroyo, and M. A. López-Manchado. "Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates-Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Materials Science Forum, 333–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-962-8.333.

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Lin, Chi-Li, Ton Lee, and Thomas J. Pinnavaia. "Organoclay Assemblies and Their Properties as Triphase Catalysts." In ACS Symposium Series, 145–54. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0499.ch011.

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Boyd, S. A., and G. Sheng. "Contaminant Plume Management Utilising in Situ Organoclay Sorbent Zones." In Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology, 71–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4499-5_5.

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Verdejo, Raquel, Marianella Hernandez, Natacha Bitinis, Jose María Kenny, and Miguel Angel Lopez-Manchado. "Vulcanization Characteristics and Curing Kinetic of Rubber-Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites, 275–303. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118092866.ch9.

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Gatos, K. G., A. A. Apostolov, and J. Karger-Kocsis. "Compatibilizer Effect of Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate on EPDM/Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Materials Science Forum, 347–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-964-4.347.

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Castillo, Anibal V. Abreu, Alejandra Soria Teran, Anne Chinellato, Maria de Fátima Resende Nascimento, Francisco Rolando Valenzuela Díaz, and Esperidiana Augusta Barretos de Moura. "Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of HDPE/Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber/Organoclay Nanocomposites." In Supplemental Proceedings, 349–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062142.ch42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Organoclay"

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Chen, Chenggang. "Factors Influencing the Morphology Development of Epoxy Nanocomposites." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17083.

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Polymer nanocomposites draw great interest due to their unique nanostructures and improved properties [1–2]. Epoxy is a widely-used thermosetting material. The research on the epoxy layered-silicate epoxy nanocomposite has exploded in the last decade [3–9]. The morphology of nanocomposites is the key to making high-performance nanocomposites. In this presentation, the factors influencing the morphology development behavior of epoxy nanocomposites will be discussed. The factors to be investigated include organoclay, epoxide, and curing agent. In this study, the aliphatic diamine (Jeffamines) with different molecular weights and aromatic diamine were selected as the curing agents, S30B (quaternary onium-montmorillonite) and SC18 (primary oniummont-morillonite) as the organoclays, and Epon 862 and Epon 828 as epoxides. In situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was utilized to study the morphology development of the epoxy nanocomposite.
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Moazed, H., and T. Viraraghavan. "Organoclay/Anthracite Filtration For Oil Removal." In Technical Meeting / Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/99-115.

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Lim, S. T., H. J. Choi, and M. S. Jhon. "Magnetorheological characterization of carbonyl iron-organoclay suspensions." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1464022.

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Dasari, A., Z. Z. Yu, and Y. W. Mai. "Nanoscratching of Nylon-Based Ternary Nanocomposites." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82205.

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Recent developments in miniaturization of polymeric components for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology applications require that the load applied be very small in the range of μN and nN and the contact radius in nanometers to achieve certain purposes like nanofabrication, nanomachining or nanopatterning. So, it is necessary to understand the basic nanotribological mechanisms to describe the stress fields associated with the asperities, crack initiation and growth, material removal, etc. This study reveals the nano-scale nature of intimate contacts by using atomic force microscopy during nano-scratching of nylon 66/SEBS-g-MA/organoclay ternary nano-composites produced by different blending sequences and having contrasting microstructures using a standard diamond Berkovich indenter at a low load of 1 mN and a low sliding velocity of 1 μm/s. It is shown that the constraint effect of exfoliated organoclay on the nylon matrix material is much more important than on the dispersed soft domains in resisting the nanoscratch, as indicated by the lower scratch penetration depth. However, the absence of clay in the soft SEBS-g-MA phase promotes cavitation under these nanoscratch conditions. Conversely, the presence of organoclay in SEBS-g-MA restrains the cavitation of the latter, and its absence in the nylon matrix material is deleterious as indicated by the higher scratch penetration depth. The results presented also suggest that the ternary nanocomposites are preferred to the binary nano-composites, particularly the exfoliated nylon 66/organoclay nanocomposite. This research extends our basic knowledge and provides new insights of the nature of nano-scale processes that happen during nanoscratching of polymer nanocomposites. The outcome of the work also raises critical questions like, penetration depth versus morphology left behind the tip, which needs an in-depth understanding of a broad range of materials.
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Bulinski, A., S. S. Bamji, M. Abou-Dakka, and Y. Chen. "Dielectric properties of polypropylene loaded with synthetic organoclay." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2009.5377780.

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Cadambi, Rahul M., Elaheh Ghassemieh, A. D’Amore, Domenico Acierno, and Luigi Grassia. "Optimization of the Processing of HNBR∕Organoclay Nanocomposite." In V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455556.

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Shaw, Allison V., Alun S. Vaughan, and Thomas Andritsch. "The Dielectric Properties of PP-EVA-Organoclay Composites." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp47102.2019.9009952.

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de Carvalho, Laura H., Alvaro A. N. Nascimento Filho, and D. M. Diniz. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRUDED PBAT/ORGANOCLAY FILMS." In Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/bccm4.2018.12.01.

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Doyle, D. H., and A. B. Brown. "Produced Water Treatment and Hydrocarbon Removal with Organoclay." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/63100-ms.

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Coppola, B., L. Di Maio, P. Scarfato, and L. Incarnato. "Production and characterization of polyethylene/organoclay oriented fiber." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949730.

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