Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organochlorine pesticides'
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Zheng, Guanyu. "Bioremediation of organochlorine pesticides contaminated soil with microemulsions." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1245.
Full textÖzer, Serdar Sofuoğlu Aysun. "Measurement Of Henry's Law Constant Of Organochlorinated Pesticides/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000344.pdf.
Full textKeywords: Organic pollutants, thermodynamic properties, Henry's law constant, Organochlorinated pesticides. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. (leaves. 49-53).
Aigner, Elizabeth Jo. "Enantiomeric ratios and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in Ohio soils /." Connect to online version, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3567.
Full textAmato, Sam J. "Enantiomeric Ratios as Tracers of Soil-Air Exchange for Organochlorine Pesticides." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu999015207.
Full textRauschenberger, Richard Heath. "Developmental mortality in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) exposed to organochlorine pesticides." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008223.
Full textTypescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 233 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Fang, Jing. "Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and its association with birth outcomes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/673.
Full textSwanepoel, Robert Eric. "Sublethal effects of pesticides in pipostrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245404.
Full textMartinez, Maria L. 1960. "Organochlorine Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Fish From the Trinity River, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500474/.
Full textHung, Dang-Quang. "Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters in Hanoi and detoxification of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides in water by applying novel methods using ultraviolet irradiation, air ionisation and solar photocatalysis /." Berlin : Mensch & Buch Verlag, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012967147&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textWeaver, Timothy Bruce. "Deep Drainage and Leaching of Salts, Nutrients and Organochlorine Pesticides in Irrigated Vertosols." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367980.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Amutova, Farida. "Assessment of bioavailability of organochlorine pesticides in chain «soil – farm animals – food products»." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0126.
Full textSoil could be the main vector for the transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to agricultural animals, and, accordingly, to the food products they produce (meat, milk, eggs). Farm animals especially free-range species could ingest soil in different proportions together with vegetation which in case of contamination context represent a serious consequence to produce insecure food of animal origin. Hereby, this study was mainly focused on sequestration strategies which could ensure the safety of food produced by livestock animals in POP contaminated areas.The current work was focused on organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) among the POPs. These forbidden and obsolete chemicals have been stored over long time in facilities, which may have been deteriorated over the decades, which raises issues by their diffusion in the environment in various countries. The aim of the current study was to reduce OCPs transfer in the food chain «soil - farm animals - food products of animal origin» by the application of different carbonaceous materials based on activated carbons (AC) or biochars (BC), which are serious candidates to sequestrate POPs. The use AC/BC as soil amendment can adsorb POPs reducing its environmental availability but also their bioavailability for free-ranged animals, which may ingest soil and by consequence soil-bound pollutants.Several scientific concepts such as environmental availability, bioavailability, transfer rate, bioaccumulation factor, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were integrated into the current study using in vitro and in vivo approaches in order to investigate application of sequestration strategies based on ACs and BCs as possible solutions for reduction of the OCPs (DDT and metabolites, HCH isomers and CLD) transfer from soil to food products in contaminated areas. Several ACs (DARCO, ORBO, Shubarkol) and BCs (Japanese knotweed, Oak tree, Sargassum) were revealed by the current work as effective sequestrants that could be effectively used in sequestration strategies as soil amendment. In addition, physical and chemical properties of SMs, amendment rate, contact time between contaminants and SMs and fractions of soil organic matter appeared as factors explaining efficiency of sequestration strategies based on AC/BCs.Finally, sequestration strategy based on AC/BC can be especially effective under conditions of moderate soil contaminations, which could significantly reduce environmental availability of pollutants (up to 90%) and, as a result, transfer to food products.Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides, Soil, Transfer, Farm animals, Sequestration, Activated carbon, Biochar, Bioavailability
Barnabas, Ian Joseph. "Sample preparation in environmental organic analysis." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245205.
Full textYoo, Wesley Jinhan. "Supercritical fluid extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides from mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34823.
Full textRoque, Inês Margarida Ferreira. "The barn owl (Tyto alba) as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with mercury and organochlorine compounds." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20828.
Full textSheikh, Sohail Hamid. "Investigations of molecular fluorescence based measurement of DDT residues." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267496.
Full textPrapamontol, Tippawan. "The development, validation and application of chromatographic methods to study organochlorine pesticides in milk and water." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2713/.
Full textMpofu, Christopher. "Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in fish samples from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006707.
Full textNguyen, Xuan Tong, Thi Thu Huong Tran, Thi Thuy Duong, Huong Mai, Trong Khang Duong, Cong Luc Huynh, Thi Loan Pham, and Thi Phuong Quynh Le. "Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in molluscs and fish at the Sai Gon - Dong Nai estuary." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33295.
Full textMgr đích ccc nghiên cch này là đánh giá tích lũy sinh hhn ccn thuu trr sâu trong các sinh vvn ssnh dưưh nưưh ttư khu vvu ccu sông Sài Gòn - ĐĐn Nai (SG-DN). Cá và nhuyyu thh đưưy llư trry tiiy iicửa sông Soài RRà và Lòng Tàu thuu hh thhu sông SG-DN, đư-D rư- ss-D và tách llc phhh mô thht. Các hhc chh clo hho cơ sau đó đưưđ tách chii và phân tích bbch hh thhh ssh ký khí. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, dư lượng OCPs tích tụ trong sò điệp (Tegillarca granosa), ngao (Meretrix lyrata), trai nước ngọt (Margaritifera auricularia) và cá bớp (Bostrychus sinensis) dao động tương ứng từ 6,4 đến 59,9 μg/kg, 7,2 đến 322 μg/kg, 4,5 đến 62,1 μg/kg và 2,9 đến 114,3 μg/kg trọng lượng tươi. Nhìn chung, loài nhuyễn thể nào tích lũy nhiều heptachlor, aldrin, endrin hoăc dieldrin có xu hướng tích lũy ít DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). Endosunfan là nhóm thuốc được tìm thấy nhiều nhất trong các loài nhuyễn thể nghiên cứu. Ngược lại, nhóm DDT lại phổ biến ở cá Bostrychus sinensis (1.5–75.2 μg/kg, trung bình 8.7 μg/kg trọng lượng). Dạng p.p’-DDT trong nhóm DDT chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất, tới 50% DDT tổng. Trong khi đó, đồng dạng β-HCH của nhóm HCH (Hexachlorocyclohexane) chiếm đa số trong hầu hết các mẫu.
Cipro, Caio Vinicius Zecchin. "Ocorrência de compostos organoclorados em Euphausia superba e em ovos gorados de pingüins do gênero Pygoscelis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-19072007-110620/.
Full textPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides are compounds that do not occur naturally in the environment and are not easily degraded by chemical or microbiological action. Their study in the environment is important due to persistence, toxicity, liposolubility and consequent biomagnification. For these reasons, they represent the majority of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), considered to have priority by the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) and banished and/or restricted by the Stockholm Convention of May, 2001. Such pollutants can be easily ejected into the atmosphere and reach areas as remote as Antarctica, integrating a cyclical contamination process known as ?global distillation?. In the present work an analytical methodology capable of detecting such compounds in unhatched penguin eggs and whole krill was optimized. The samples were collected in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. This methodology was evaluated and fitted international quality control criteria. The compounds found in higher levels were, in most of the samples, the PCBs, DDTs and HCB and the occurrence seemed to be species-specific for the Pygoscelis genus. In all of the cases, the levels found were not higher than the ones in arctic birds in a similar trophic level.The krill samples analysis made it possible to estimate the biomagnification of the compounds found in eggs, whose only source of contamination is the female-offspring transfer.
Pellegrino-Peard, Patricia L. "A review of research and literature linking breast cancer to pesticides." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1216.
Full textChen, Xuehui. "Accumulation of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in human milk and adipose tissues, and its health concerns." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/779.
Full textSilva, Josilene da. "Ocorrência de Pesticidas Organoclorados e Bifenilos Policlorados em tartarugas marinhas Chelonia mydas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-22092009-155001/.
Full textOrganochlorine compounds, such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are persistent, toxics and widely distributed due to the atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Few studies have reported the occurrence of these compounds in turtles, but none from the Brazilian Coast. Chelonia mydas is the biggest marine turtle with hard carapace that extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world. The present study aims to assess the concentrations of organochlorines in the C. mydas as well as any relationship with morphological or physiological variations. Fat, liver and kidney samples were collected from 27 juvenile specimens found dead in Ubatuba Coast, São Paulo State. Organochlorine were extracted with organic solvents and the extracts were purified with concentrated acid. PCBs and pesticides were identified and quantified using a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer and with electron capture detector, respectively. Pesticides were not detected in any sample analyzed. PCBs concentrations in wet weight were: <1.6 48.9 ng.g-1 in fat, <1.6 17.4 ng.g-1 in liver and <1.6 9.2 ng.g-1 in kidney. The low levels detected are related, especially, to the feeding habits of the species since C. mydas is mainly herbivore, and to a non industrialized sampling area.
Namulanda, Gonza, Mildred Maisonet, Ethel Taylor, W. Dana Flanders, David Olsen, Andreas Sjodin, Judith R. Qualters, John Vena, Kate Northstone, and Luke Naeher. "In Utero Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides and Early Menarche in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/30.
Full textKong, Kai Yip. "Risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish collected from fish ponds in the Pearl River Delta." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/531.
Full textCascaes, Mauro Juliano. "Ocorrência de PCBs, PBDEs e pesticidas organiclorados em Prionace glauca da costa sul brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-03082011-105834/.
Full textSANTOS, Matsvilandel Gonçalves dos. "Obtenção e caracterização de argilas bentonitas modificadas com Brometo de Hexadeciltrimetilamônio para adsorção de pesticidas organoclorados." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1919.
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Organochlorine (OCs) pesticides are persistent, bioaccumulative substances in the food chain, with high mobility in the environment. This is of concern, because vry often these compounds are detected in surface and groundwater, affecting thus quality of water resources and biodiversity. Because of the serious contamination of aquatic ecosystems by OCs, it is necessary to develop new and eficiente adsorbent materials for remediation of already contaminated areas. The objective of this work was to prepare and to characterize organophilic clays chemically treated with the hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide salt (HDTMA-Br), aiming their use as an adsorbent material for the removal of residues of OCs in the environment. In order to analyze the OCs, was optimized a methodology based on solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (SPE-GC/ECD). The characterization of the material was carried out by determination of the cation exchange capacity (CTC), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microscopy of scanning (SEM). The adsorptive capacity of the organophilic clay was determined by kinetic adsorption tests and adsorption isotherms. Chromatographic method, besides high selectivity, showed adequate linearity (arounding 0.25 to 20.0 µg.L-1), sensitivity (LODs varying from 0.03 to 0.79 µg.L-1 and LOQs varying from 0.13 to 2.63 µg.L-1) and precision for trace analysis (CVs varying between 2.16 to 26.69 µg.L-1). The natural clay presented adequate cation exchange capacity (CTC) for organophilization and the results of the characterization indicated the intercalation of HDTMA salt cations between the intermediate layers of the modified clays. The kinetic adsorption assays performed revealed 125% COC as the best adsorbent, exhibiting affinity for aldrin and 4,4'-DDT pesticides. The experimental data were better fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order model for the 4,4'-DDT and aldrin compounds, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model described better the adsorption of the 4,4'-DDT compound, whereas the Freundlich model represented better the adsorption of the aldrin compound, indicating a very favorable adsorption condition.
Pesticidas organoclorados (POCs) são substâncias persistentes, bioacumulativos na cadeia alimentar, com grande mobilidade no ambiente e frequentemente detectados em águas superficiais e subterrâneas, causando preocupação com relação à qualidade dos recursos hídricos e à biodiversidade. Devido à contaminação dos ecossistemas aquáticos por POCs, são necessários que sejam desenvolvidos novos e eficientes adsorventes para remediação das áreas já contaminadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar argilas organofílicas quimicamente tratadas com o sal brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio (HDTMA-Br), objetivando seu uso como material adsorvente para remoção de resíduos de POCs no ambiente. Para análise dos POCs, otimizou-se uma metodologia baseada na extração em fase sólida seguida por cromatografia gasosa com detector por captura de elétrons (SPE-GC/ECD). A caracterização das argilas foi realizada mediante determinação da capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), bem como por análises por difração de raios-x (DRX), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A capacidade adsortiva das argilas organofílicas foi determinada por ensaios cinéticos e isotermas de adsorção. O método cromatográfico, além de elevada seletividade, apresentou adequadas linearidade (0,25 a 20 µg.L-1), sensibilidade (LDs variando de 0,03 a 0,79 µg.L-1 e LQs variando de 0,13 a 2,63 µg.L-1) e precisão para análises de traços (CVs variando entre 2,16 e 26,69 % entre medidas realizadas no mesmo dia). A argila natural apresentou capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) adequada para a organofilização e os resultados da caracterização indicaram a intercalação de cátions do sal HDTMA entre as camadas intermediarias das argilas modificadas. Os ensaios cinéticos de adsorção realizados revelaram a argila organofílica 125% CTC como melhor adsorvente, apresentando afinidade para os pesticidas aldrin e 4,4’-DDT. Os dados experimentais ajustaram-se melhor ao modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem e pseudo-segunda ordem para os compostos 4,4’-DDT e aldrin, respectivamente. O modelo de isoterma de Langmuir descreveu melhor a adsorção do composto 4,4’-DDT, enquanto que o modelo de Freundlich representou melhor a adsorção do composto aldrin, indicando condição de adsorção bastante favorável.
Cruz-González, Germán. "Dégradation de pesticides organochlorés par procédés d'oxydation avancée utilisant différents types de rayonnements." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0068/document.
Full textThis work investigates the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of pesticidesin water, more particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide that hasrecently been classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. These methods use different types ofradiation - UV / visible, ultrasound, gamma rays - alone or in combination with oxidants and / orcatalysts (ozone, hydrogen peroxide, Fenton’s reagent). The influence of pH, oxidant dose, catalysttype and concentration, light irradiation spectrum, gamma radiation dose and ultrasound frequencyis also analyzed, in order to determine by experimental design the optimal operating ranges for theconversion and mineralization of the pollutant. Of individual processes, only ozonation andhomogeneous Fenton oxidation on the one hand, photolysis and gamma irradiation on the otherhand, achieve the abatement of more than 25% of total organic carbon in one hour. (High frequency)sonolysis appears as the less efficient treatment, resulting in less than 15% of 2,4-D being degradedover the same duration.In addition, marked synergistic effects are demonstrated by combining the different types of radiationwith H2O2 or Fenton’s reagent. In the latter case, the pollutant is decomposed in less than 10 minutes,while the mineralization yield more than doubles compared to the separate processes. It is the samefor UV/O3 coupled process with respect to ozonation and photolysis alone. When accounting for theirenergy consumption, the most effective treatments are, respectively in terms of conversion andmineralization, radio-Fenton oxidation and photo-Fenton oxidation using a low-pressure mercuryvaporUV lamp. Moreover, unlike photolysis, the latter method is also activated by a Xenon arc lamp,whose emission spectrum is close to that of sunlight. Bases on these results, a solar photoreactoroperating in closed loop is used to treat 2,4-D solutions, prepared with tap water or inlet stream ofwastewater treatment plant, by homogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation. In both cases, the conversionof the pesticide exceeds 95% in 1 hour and its mineralization 75% in 5 hours. Moreover, the treatedwater complies with all the quality parameters established by the Cuban norm for wastewaterdischarge, when including a subsequent step of neutralization with Ca(OH)2 and filtration.Finally, several of the best processes are evaluated to eliminate two other organochlorine pesticides,particularly toxic and persistent in the environment: chlordecone and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.Encouraging results are obtained, with an almost complete degradation of the pollutants in fivehours, which demonstrates the value of the investigated methods for this issue
En este trabajo se estudió la factibilidad de diferentes procesos avanzados de oxidación para laeliminación de plaguicidas en aguas, específicamente el ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), unode los herbicidas más utilizados a nivel mundial y que recientemente ha sido clasificado comocancerígeno para el hombre. Estos procesos utilizan diferentes tipos de irradiación – UV/Visible,ultrasonido, radiación gamma – solos o en combinación con oxidantes y/o catalizadores (ozono,peróxido de hidrógeno, reactivo de Fenton). Con el objetivo de determinar las condiciones óptimaspara la degradación y mineralización del contaminante, se analizó la influencia del pH, la dosis deoxidante, el tipo y la concentración del catalizador, el espectro de irradiación luminosa, la dosis deirradiación gamma y la frecuencia y potencia ultrasónicas. Entre los procesos individuales,solamente la oxidación Fenton homogénea, la ozonización, la fotólisis y la radiación gamma lograroneliminar más de un 25% del carbono orgánico total en una hora. La sonólisis (a alta frecuencia)resultó el proceso menos eficiente, con una degradación del 2,4-D inferior al 15% en el mismotiempo.Al asociar los diferentes tipos de irradiación con el H2O2 o el reactivo de Fenton, se observaronefectos sinérgicos importantes. Para este último, el contaminante se degradó totalmente en menosde 10 minutos, mientras que la mineralización fue superior al doble de la obtenida para los procesospor separado. Lo mismo ocurrió para el proceso combinado UV/O3, respecto a los procesos defotólisis y ozonización solos. Teniendo en cuenta el consumo energético asociado a la degradacióny mineralización respectivamente, los tratamientos más eficientes fueron el radio-Fenton y el foto-Fenton utilizando una lámpara de baja presión de mercurio. Por otra parte, al contrario de la fotólisis,este último proceso se activó con una lámpara de arco de Xenon, la cual posee un espectro deemisión cercano a la luz solar. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, se realizó un grupo deexperimentos a escala de banco utilizando un foto-reactor solar, donde se trataron por oxidaciónfoto-Fenton homogénea disoluciones de 2,4-D preparadas con agua técnica y agua residualobtenida a la entrada de una planta de tratamiento de aguas. En los dos casos, la degradación delpesticida supera el 95% en 1 hora y su mineralización en 75% en 5 horas. Además, al incluir unaetapa de neutralización con Ca(OH)2, el agua residual tratada logra cumplir las normas de calidadestablecidas por la norma cubana de vertimiento de aguas residuales.Finalmente, algunos de los procesos con mejores resultados se evaluaron para la eliminación otrosdos pesticidas organoclorados de mayor toxicidad y persistencia en el medio ambiente: laclordecona y el beta hexaclorociclohexano. Al aplicar las técnicas de tratamiento a estoscompuestos se lograron buenos resultados, cercanos a la degradación total de ambos plaguicidasen cinco horas, lo que demuestra el interés de los métodos estudiados en esta tesis
Salvarani, Patricia Ishisaki. "Impact of contaminants in natural populations of marine turtles (Campeche, Mexico)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23764.
Full textAs tartarugas marinhas sofrem um forte impacto populacional devido às atividades antropogênicas, como as causadas pelo aumento da exploração comercial e industrial nas áreas costeiras, alteração do habitat, ingestão de resíduos sólidos, captura acidental nas atividades pesqueiras e a contaminação de poluentes químicos. Das sete espécies de tartarugas marinhas existentes distribuídas por quase todos os oceanos (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea, Natator depressus e Lepidochelys kempii), exceto o Natator depressus, todos os outros seis são listados como vulneráveis, em perigo ou criticamente ameaçado na lista da IUCN. Os contaminantes ambientais de origem química, como metais pesados, pesticidas, hidrocarbonetos, PCB, organoclorados e dioxinas estão causando um forte impacto na saúde de animais marinhos, incluindo tartarugas marinhas, e a bioacumulação desses poluentes em tecidos e órgãos influenciam o crescimento e desenvolvimento de populações naturais de tartarugas marinhas em todo o mundo, podendo causar mortalidade em vários estágios de seu desenvolvimento. Uma vez que estão em perigo é extremamente importante para a compreensão das respostas às medidas de impacto e conservação à longo prazo nas populações de tartarugas marinhas. Este trabalho é uma visão geral dos estudos sobre a quantificação de contaminantes em ovos e sangue de tartarugas marinhas, buscando relações entre o tamanho da carapaça e a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes usando técnicas não-letais. A concentração de pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs) no plasma das fêmeas adultas e os ovos das tartarugas de pente (Eretmochelys imbricata) e tartaruga verde (Chelonia mydas) que desovam na área costeira de Campeche serão analisados. O objetivo principal desta tese é avaliar o potencial das populações naturais como bioindicadores de contaminação química. Para tal, foram analisados os valores hematológicos, contaminação de OCPs no plasma e ovos de duas espécies de tartarugas marinhas com hábitos alimentares diferentes e uma possível transferência materna na espécie de tartaruga de pente. Por fim, a atividade de biomarcadores enzimáticos foram correlacionadas com a contaminação por OCPs. Os resultados mostraram que foram encontrados OCPs em todos os ovos analisados, mostrando maiores concentrações de ΣHCH e ΣDrines nas duas espécies selecionadas, sendo encontradas diferenças significativas entre as espécies e os anos analisados. Foram encontras diferenças significativas entre as concentrações de OCPs (ΣHCHs, ΣDrines e ΣChlordanes) em relação ao sangue e ovos, indicaram que esses contaminantes químicos estão sendo transferidos maternalmente. Nenhuma enzima antioxidante teve relação significativa com os OCPs mais encontrados no sangue (ΣDDTs, ΣHCHs e ΣDrines).
Sea turtles have been suffering strong population impact due to anthropogenic activities, such as those caused by the increase in commercial and industrial exploitation of coastal areas, habitat alteration, ingestion of solid waste, incidental capture in fishing activities and contamination of chemical pollutants. Of the seven species of marine turtles existing distributed by almost all oceans (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea, Natator depressus and Lepidochelys kempii), except the Natator depressus, all other six are listed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN list. Environmental contaminants of chemical origin such as heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, PCBs, organochlorine, and dioxins are causing major health impacts of marine animals, including sea turtles, and bioaccumulation of these pollutants in tissues and organs influence the growth and development of natural populations of sea turtles worldwide, may cause mortality in various stages of development. Because they are endangered is extremely important to the understanding of responses to impact and conservation measures in the long term in the populations of sea turtles in developing. This work is an overview of studies on the quantification of contaminants in blood and sea turtle eggs, searching for relationships between, carapace size and the activity of antioxidant enzymes using non-lethal techniques. The concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in plasma of adult females and eggs of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas) that nest in the coastal area of Campeche will be analysed. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of natural populations as bioindicators of chemical contamination. For this, the hematological values, contamination of OCPs in the plasma and eggs of two species of sea turtles with different feeding habits and a possible maternal transfer in the hawksbill turtles were analysed. Finally, the activity of enzymatic biomarkers was correlated with the contamination by OCPs. The results showed that OCPs were found in all analysed eggs, showing higher concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDrines in the two species selected, being found significant differences between the species and the studied years. We find significant differences between the concentrations of OCPs (ΣHCHs, ΣDrines and ΣChlordanes) of blood to eggs showed that these chemical contaminants being transferred maternally. No antioxidant enzyme had significant relationship with COPs main found in the blood (ΣDDTs, ΣHCHs and ΣDrines).
Leblanc, Alix. "Effets d’un mélange de polluants organiques persistants sur le métabolisme hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P629/document.
Full textEpidemiological studies have shown that exposure to certain xenobiotics is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Humans are exposed to mixtures of xenobiotics in a chronic and inevitable way. We studied the effects of the interaction of two xenobiotics on metabolism in the liver, the major organ for detoxification in the body. We chose two endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants which activate different signaling pathways: 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which uses the AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor) pathway, and α-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, which acts via the PXR (pregnane X receptor) and/or the ER (estrogen receptor) pathway. Our aim was to determine the effects of this pollutant mixture, as compared to each pollutant alone, on the regulation in vitro of some hepatic metabolism pathways in the human hepatic cell line, HepaRG. In the first publication, a transcriptomic study of differentiated HepaRG cells was performed. The cells were exposed for 30h to 25nM TCDD, to 10 µM α-endosulfan or to the mixture. We observed that the mixture strongly inhibited the expression of some genes involved in the metabolism of glucose and alcohol. In the second study, we studied the mechanism of action of the mixture of pollutants on the metabolism of glucose. The expression of two genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), were reduced 80% by the mixture. The expression of other glucose metabolism genes (pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase 2) also was decreased suggesting that the mixture might impact markedly carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, glucose production decreased 40% with the mixture under gluconeogenic conditions. Under glycolytic conditions, the oxidation of glucose into CO2 decreased 30% after 72h of exposure of the cells to the mixture. Long-term treatment (8 days) with lower doses (0.2 to 5 nM TCDD, 3 µM α-endosulfan) similarly decreased G6Pc and GLUT2 expression. We showed that TCDD activated the AhR pathway, and that ER was partly involved in the α-endosulfan effect. In the third part of this thesis, we studied the regulation of several enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, cytochrome P450 2E1, CYP2E1) after activation of AhR. AhR agonists led to a decrease in the amounts of mRNAs for ADH1, 4, 6 and CYP2E1 and the corresponding proteins. We showed that this regulation uses the AhR genomic pathway. Furthermore, this effect was also observed after 8 days of treatment with lower doses of TCDD. Chronic exposure of individuals to low doses of xenobiotics in mixtures might significantly affect hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and be a contributing factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome
Sarmiento, Angelica Maria Sanchez. "Determinação de pesticidas organoclorados em tecidos de tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas) provenientes da costa sudeste do Brasil: estudo da ocorrência em animais com e sem fibropapilomatose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-16072014-151420/.
Full textThe increase of anthropogenic impacts on both marine and coastal environments is threatening the ecosystems of numerous animal populations, including sea turtles. Disturbances in the ecological balance of these habitats negatively affect the survival of longlived chelonids such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas), which are already considered endangered. Threats to this species include incidental capture by fisheries, habitat degradation of nesting and feeding areas, and diseases. One of the most relevant diseases is fibropapillomatosis (FP) or Green Turtle Fibropapilloma Disease (GTFD), an infectious tumoral disease that predominantly affects juveniles. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain this diseases aetiology, and while none has been conclusively demonstrated there is a consensus that it is multifactorial and involves a -herpesvirus as the primary etiologic agent along with genetic, nutritional and environmental cofactors. The prevalence of FP in C. mydas in Brazil varies among regions, with locations in which the disease remains unreported. Prevalence has been correlated to the degree of degradation of marine habitats, which in turn is related to the presence of environmental contaminants such as organochlorines and their metabolites. These compounds are difficult to break down and persist, bioaccumulate and biomagnify in marine environments over long periods of time. They are also known to produce numerous health effects in the organisms in which they accumulate, hampering immunity and favouring the manifestation of opportunistic disease, with some of these compounds being also carcinogens. In this study we developed extraction and purification technique based on the QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) and used gas chromatography with electron capture (GC-μECD) to detect and quantify organochlorine (α-BHC, β-BHC, Heptachlor, Dicofol, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, Endosulfan sulphate, pp\' -DDD, op\' -DDD, pp\' -DDE, op\' -DDE, and Mirex) in adipose and hepatic tissue samples from 64 juvenile green sea turtles [Curved Carapace Length - CCL = 38.68 ± 5.41 cm] affected or not by FP (24 with FP vs. 40 without FP). These specimens died due to incidental capture by fishing nets or were found dead on beaches of Southeast Brazil: Ubatuba / SP, Praia Grande / SP and Vitória / ES. Aiming to clarify the role of the organochlorines in the pathogenesis of FP, we attempted to establish correlations between the concentration of these compounds and variables such as sex, size (CCL), Body Condition Index (BCI) and disease severity [fibropapillomatosis index (FPI) and fibropapillomatosis score (FPS)], and local FP prevalence. A significant correlation was observed between the lipid percentage of adipose and hepatic samples, as well as between adipose and hepatic organochlorine total concentrations (ΣOCS). Although some differences were observed regarding the presence or absence of contaminants in relation to characteristics of the individual history, it was not possible to establish patterns that reflected biological significance. For both adipose and hepatic tissues, no significant differences were found in the ΣOCS with regards to individual sex or capture locality that would allow inferring relationships between the individual contamination levels and the regional variation on the prevalence of FP. It was also not possible to identify significant relationships between each pollutant concentration in the adipose or hepatic tissue and the presence of FP. No correlation was observed between ΣOCS in adipose or hepatic tissues and FPI, FPS, BCI and CCL. The results provide a contamination profile of free-ranging green turtles of the southeast coast during the study period, confirming the bioavailability of OCs in the different locations evaluated. Although a direct correlation between the concentration of OCs and fibropapillomatosis was not found, this study demonstrates that green turtles from the southeast coast of Brazil are exposed to significant levels of organochlorine pesticides that could play a role in the multifactorial etiology of the disease. These contaminants may affect the prevalence of FP, possibly acting as immunosuppressive agents or through genotoxicity and tumor promotion. Future studies will be conducted to better characterize the role of these substances and their effects on sea turtles and to clarify how other factors that may influence their impacts.
Colabuono, Fernanda Imperatrice. "Poluentes orgânicos persistentes e ingestão de plásticos em albatrozes e petréis (Procellariiformes)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-18042012-162016/.
Full textAlbatrosses and petrels (Procellariiformes) are migratory oceanic birds of considerable conservational interest. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two classes of pollutants that negatively affect seabirds: persistent organic pollutants and plastics. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected in the adipose tissue, liver and muscle of eight species of Procellariiformes. Although organochlorine concentrations exhibited a high degree of intra-species variability, the profiles of PCBs and OCPs were similar among the individuals, with predominance of penta, hexa and heptachlorobiphenyls and p´p-DDE. Body condition was an important factor in the variation and redistribution of organochlorine compounds in the tissues of the birds. Stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in the liver and muscle revealed that diet alone was insufficient to explain the organochlorine concentrations in the species studied, suggesting the influence of factors such as age, distribution and diet specificity regarding organochlorine contamination in seabirds. PCBs and OCPs were detected in plastic fragments and pellets found in the digestive tract of Procellariiformes, with profiles very similar to those found in the tissues of the birds. The occurrence of organic pollutants in plastics demonstrates their ability to adsorb and transport these compounds and underscores the potential of plastics as an additional source of contamination in organisms that ingest these products, such as seabirds.
Alomar, Hussein. "Analyse chimique des résidus des contaminants anthropiques dans les chaines alimentaires : influence du régime alimentaire chez les prédateurs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1211/document.
Full textIn this work, we analyzed the residues of several anthropogenic contaminants in predators of the aquatic food chain and prey of the terrestrial chain. The otter, the great cormorant and the catfish are piscivorous predators at the top of the food chain. Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and trace elements (lead, cadmium, copper and mercury) were detected in all these predators collected from the basins of the Loire in France. Residue level of PCBs in these predators was the highest followed by DDTs and maximal PCB values reached 1.61, 1.96, and 0.28 mg/kg wet weight for cormorants, otters, and catfish, respectively. The concentration of mercury exceeded the toxic thresholds for more than 40% of the cormorants analyzed. The possible combined effect of these contaminants on the three species has not been studied in this thesis. However, the concentrations of organochlorines and trace elements are generally modest or low. Thus, it seems that these contaminants do not constitute a major threat to the conservation of these species for the short or medium term. Furthermore, in the terrestrial food chain, we found that three anticoagulant rodenticides chlorophacinone, bromadiolone and brodifacoum accumulate in slugs in a stable way over the time, whereas no mortality was observed in slugs. Brodifacoum was detected in more than 90% of the slugs collected in the field, and we found that these slugs represented a high risk of secondary poisoning for three of their predators, European hedgehog, common shrew and European starling. Therefore, it could be confirmed that invertebrates constitute a non-negligible source of rodenticides for their predators.The objective of this thesis is to show the influence of the diet on the contamination of prey, predators and to evaluate the toxicological risks for these species
Stremel, Tatiana Roselena de Oliveira. "DESENVOLVIMENTO, VALIDAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE UM MÉTODO QuEChERS PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DE PESTICIDAS ORGANOCLORADOS." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2579.
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A maior parte dos pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs) possuem comercialização controlada ou proibida a décadas, no entanto são ainda encontrados em todos os locais do planeta. A determinação destes compostos em matrizes complexas como tecido de peixe é alvo constante de pesquisas, especialmente com o objetivo de minimizar consumo de reagentes e tempo. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver e validar um método QuECheRS com ultrassom e d-SPE para determinação por CG/ECD/MS de p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, Aldrin e Dieldrin em tecidos de peixe, aplicar em amostras de tecidos de peixe comercializadas e em tecidos coletados em ambiente natural e realizar uma avaliação de risco das concentrações de OCPs detectadas nos tecidos. Três planejamentos fatoriais foram empregados para otimizar a etapa de preparo da amostra. O método desenvolvido foi validado para verificar seu desempenho e um possível efeito matriz, sendo posteriormente aplicado na extração de OCPs de músculo de Tilápia e Lambari comercializados em supermercados de Ponta Grossa e em músculo, ovas e vísceras de Lambari coletado da represa de Alagados, em Ponta Grossa. Ao final realizou-se uma avaliação de risco relacionando o consumo diário local, com massa corporal média da população e contaminação por OCPs nos tecidos analisados. Na validação o método apresentou recuperações entre 77,3% e 110,8%, com RSD inferior a 13% e os limites de detecção estiveram entre 0,24 μgkg-1 e 2,88μgkg-1, mostrando boa sensibilidade e precisão. Resíduos dos OCPs estudados foram detectados nos tecidos analisados em concentrações que variaram entre 3,4 μgkg-1 e 417,6 μgkg-1, verificando-se que os poluentes possuem uma tendência a bioacumular em maior proporção nas vísceras, do que em ovas e no músculo, a presença destes compostos nas ovas, demonstra que indivíduos da espécie analisada entram em contato com os OCPs desde a fase de embrião. Na avaliação de risco verificou-se que ao se consumir esses peixes, esses OCPs podem ao longo do tempo gerar efeitos adversos para a saúde dos consumidores. O método proposto mostrou-se efetivo na determinação de baixas concentrações de OCPs em tecidos de peixe, utilizando pequena massa de amostra (0,5 gramas), viabilizando a análise sem a necessidade de agrupamento (pool), ao mesmo tempo possibilitou a análise de tecidos, de peixe de pequena massa corporal total (Lambari), avaliando ainda a bioacumulação dos OCPs em diferentes tecidos. O método é aplicável para análise de OCPs aplicado à área toxicológica.
Most organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are controlled or banned for decades, but they are still found everywhere in the world. The determination of these compounds in complex matrices such as fish tissue is a constant goal of research, especially with the aim of minimizing reagent consumption and time. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Quechers method with ultrasound and d-SPE for determination of p, p'-DDE, p, p'-DDT, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, Aldrin and Dieldrin in fish tissues, apply on samples of commercially available fish tissues and on tissues collected in the natural environment and carry out a risk assessment of the concentrations of OCPs detected in the tissues. Three factorial designs were used to optimize the preparation stage of the sample. The method developed was validated through figures of merit and matrix effect, and it was later applied in the extraction of OCPs from Tilapia and Lambari muscle marketed in supermarkets in Ponta Grossa and Lambari muscle, eggs and viscera collected from the Alagados dam in Ponta Thick. At the end of the study, a risk assessment was performed relating local daily consumption, mean body mass of the population and OCP contamination in the tissues analyzed. In the validation, the method presented recoveries between 77.3% and 110.8%, with RSD lower than 13% and detection limits between 0.24 μg kg -1 and 2.88 μg kg -1, showing good sensitivity and precision. Residues of the OCPs studied were detected in the tissues analyzed at concentrations ranging from 3.4 μgkg-1 to 417.6 μgkg-1, with pollutants having a tendency to bioaccumulate more in the viscera than in roe and in muscle, the presence of these compounds in the eggs, demonstrates that individuals of the analyzed species come into contact with OCPs from the embryo stage. In the risk assessment it was found that there is a risk when consuming these fish, these OCPs may over time generate adverse effects on the health of consumers. The proposed method was effective in the determination of low concentrations of OCPs in fish tissues, using a small sample mass (0.5 grams), making the analysis possible without the necessity of pooling, at the same time making possible the analysis of tissues, of fish of small total body mass (Lambari), also evaluating the bioaccumulation of OCPs in different tissues. The method is promising for OCP analysis applied to the toxicological area.
Johnson, Kevin George. "Dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticides p,p'-DDE and dieldrin and their effects on steroidogenesis and reproductive success in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010621.
Full textMacedo, Letícia dos Santos. "Caracterização geoambiental e avaliação dos parâmetros que influenciam na mobilidade do HCH no meio poroso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-28082015-151208/.
Full textThis paper presents the geoenvironmental characterization of soils from a contaminated site, located in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective was to determine experimental parameters to allow the study of some aspects of transport of the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). The study site contains trenches with about 30,000 tons of a material containing high concentrations of HCH. The site investigations show that there are HCH concentrations in groundwater. In 2011, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at four different surface points of the contaminated site, and then a sample of soil from rock alteration layer (SAR) was also composed for characterization in order to answer questions concerning the mobility of contaminant in the site. The environmental characterization based on laboratory tests, was performed by the following analyzes: grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, porosity, moisture content, water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content and volatile content. The surface soil of the area is heterogeneous and the adsorption capacity of the soils analyzed were lower than expected. This characterization allowed the study of flow and transport of HCH through numerical simulation using the Hydrus 1D software. The simulations had two different goals, the first was evaluated the simulation results compared to the current situation in the field. In a second step the sensitivity of transport due to the change of the parameters obtained experimentally Ks; Kd; s and (Van Genuchten); and parameters obtained from the literature. The results showed that the Hydrus 1D model simulates HCH contamination in soil. Water degradation parameter was essential to get orders of magnitude similar to those identified in field concentrations. The degradation, diffusivity, hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity parameters are those that most affect the final results of concentration of HCH in groundwater and therefore deserve more attention in future investigations.
Cipro, Caio Vinicius Zecchin. "Poluentes orgânicos e isótopos estáveis no ecossistema da Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-20042012-095950/.
Full textDespite the small antropic direct influence on its territory, Antarctica cannot be considered out of pollutants\' reach. The present study evaluated the distribution and transfer of organic pollutants (PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and PBDEs) in both abiotic (snow and melting water) and biotic (lichens, mosses, invertebrates, fishes, bird eggs and bird and pinnipeds\' tissues, for which was also applied carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 stable isotopes analyses) compartments of the ecosystem from Admiralty Bay. Abiotic compartments showed concentrations between 1,4 and 156 pg L-1, only for organochlorine groups, with considerable intraseasonal variation and compatibility with lower trophic levels and vegetation samples, which in turn reflected the importance of secondary pollutants sources. In animal samples, grosso modo, the prevailing compounds were (in ng g-1 wet weight) PCBs (6,82-1821), HCB (0,060-136) and DDTs, (0,410-524), levels from two to three orders of magnitude superior to the ones found in vegetations. PBDEs occurred, in a general way, in levels from one to two orders of magnitude lower than the organochlorines. Stable isotope analyses proved useful as an indicator tool for trophic level and consumed organic matter, correlating itself in a qualitative and quantitative way with the organic pollutants by indication of factors as nutritional strees and variation in foraging areas and/or diet. As an alternative, a new biomagnifications indicator based on PCBs molecular weight was proposed, showing results statistically superior to the ?15N in the majority of the cases.
Clarke, Bradley, and Bradley clarke@student rmit edu au. "Persistent Organic Pollutants in Australian Sewage Sludge: Environmental Monitoring and Land Application Risk Assessment." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.113842.
Full textThomas, Aleysha. "Ensemble statistical modelling of risk factors in health." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120675/1/Aleysha_Thomas_Thesis.pdf.
Full textJorge, Paula Baldassin. "Pinguim-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) como indicador da ocorrência de poluentes orgânicos persistentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-18082015-153327/.
Full textThe Magellanic Penguin , Spheniscus magellanicus, is the most abundant penguin that live in temperate regions of South America and a good indicator of environmental pollution in that region. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in the liver of Magellanic penguins found debilitated or dead on the beaches of Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) between 2008 - 2012, and in Uruguay and Chile in 2011. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were more prevalent than organochlorine pesticides (DDTs ∼ HCB ∼ Drins) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Fipronil, an emerging contaminant, was not detected despite its use in South America. Among PCBs, the congeners penta, hexa and heptaclorados were predominant. Concentrations of POPs are similar between the migration and reproduction areas except for PCBs that are relatively higher in the breeding area. At this time point (2008 - 2012) POPs showed constancy for organochlorine pesticides and PCBs tendency to decline. The Magellanic penguin uropygian gland has proved to be a suitable alternative for POPs tissue analysis in debilitated birds. Overall, southern South America has low concentrations of POPs with constant trend or decline evidence.
Plačková, Lucie. "Distribuce organochlorových pesticidů do životního prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216689.
Full textLána, Radim. "Persistentní organické polutanty v životním prostředí Jihomoravského kraje." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233279.
Full textGokmen, Pinar. "Evaluation Of Persistent Organic Pollutants (pops) In Balikesir Dam Lake Sediments." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612916/index.pdf.
Full text17 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and 19 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated in the sediment samples of Balikesir (Ikizcetepeler) Dam Lake. Sixteen sampling points were chosen for determination of concentrations of OCPs and PAHs After ultrasonic bath extraction of the sediment samples GC-MS was used as analytical tool. Extraction efficiencies changes from 63.8 to 87.4% depending on the type of the POPs. Average OCP concentration was found in the range of 3.33-379 µ
g/kg a, average PAH concentration was found in the range of 3.28-32.9 µ
g/kg. Pollution maps regarding OCP and PAH distributions were drawn and the correlation between these two pollutant types was investigated. The quality control (QC) and quality assurance tests were applied by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), surrogate standards and analysis replicates.
Mohr, Susana. "RESÍDUOS DE POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS PERSISTENTES EM MEL DE ABELHAS: REPERCUSSÕES DA CONTAMINAÇÃO AMBIENTAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3407.
Full textPersistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances that are widely distributed throughout the environment, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms, are found at higher concentrations in the food chain and are toxic to both humans and wildlife. In the present work, POPs were determined in honey samples from different geographic regions, evaluating both the quality and safety of honey as food, and the environmental contamination of the studied regions. Organochlorine pesticides were analysed in 186 samples from the South region of Brazil, with concentrations between
Kasemodel, Mariana Consiglio. "Seleção de bactérias para biodegradação dos pesticidas organoclorados DDD, PCP e dieldrin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-06032013-163207/.
Full textThe objective of this work was the selection of bacteria capable of biodegrading the organochloride pesticides dieldrin, DDD and PCP. Initially tolerance tests were conducted in order to select degrading bacteria subsequently, biodegradation tests were carried out in liquid medium using the selected bacteria. Among the 14 bacterial isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa L2-1 was selected due to its greater tolerance to all pesticides. The biodegradation tests were conducted on different culture media, varying the concentrations of glucose, nitrogen source and presence of rhamnolipid. Biodegradation studies were performed by measuring the concentration of pesticide, the concentration of glucose, the number of viable cell and pH during time. The best medium for the biodegradation of all three pesticides was composed of sodium nitrate and 0.5% glucose, giving approximately 50% yield after three days of incubation. In the absence of glucose, the medium containing ammonium nitrate and 0.1% rhamnolipid improved biodegradation yielding, after 14 days of incubation, 36.8% biodegradation of dieldrin; 33.7% DDD and 42.8% of PCP. In general, the biodegradation rates of pesticides by P. aeruginosa L2-1 were greater at lower concentrations of glucose and in the presence of rhamnolipid. Nitrogen source had different effects on the rate of biodegradation: in the absence of glucose, sodium nitrate favored the biodegradation of PCP, whereas ammonium nitrate favored the biodegradation of dieldrin; and in the presence of glucose, it was observed the opposite. The biodegradation rate of the DDD was not significantly altered by the nitrogen source tested. The selected bacteria, P. aeruginosa L2-1, showed potential for the biodegradation of organochloride pesticides demonstrating that nutritional conditions has a direct effect on degradation yields.
Oliveira, Luiz Alberto Garcia de. "DETERMINAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE AGROTÓXICOS ORGANOCLORADOS EM LARANJA POR DISPERSÃO DE MATRIZ EM FASE SÓLIDA (MSPD) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO ECOLOGIA E PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2007. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2574.
Full textThis work shows the results achieved for the evaluation of organochlorine pesticides residue presence in oranges consumed in Goiânia. The method employed was based on the Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion extraction, MSPD, and analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography, GC. The studied pesticides were hexachlorobenzene, atrazine, heptachlor and its epoxide, endrin, a-chlordane and g-clordane. The sample (pulp without seeds) was triturated and 0,5g otit was homogenized in 0,5g of octadecyli silane (C-18). The mixture was transferred to a polyethylene column, containing 1,0g of silica gel 60 activated by 4 hours at 120°C. Three elution solvents were tested: hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. The recovering percentages of each one were calculated, ranging from 70% to 120%. Considering the blank sample contamination levels from 2 to 5 mg.kg-1. After the analytical parameters determination, the method was tested in commercial sample of Pêra Rio orange, and are endrin residue was found in two of the three studied samples. Those results estimated to be due to the high soil organochlorine persistence or even in the irrigation water used by those farms, since the organochlorine was prohibited in Brazil sinee he 80 s. Key
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos da avaliação da presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos organoclorados em laranjas consumidas na região de Goiânia. O método empregado baseou-se na extração por dispersão de matriz em fase sólida, MSPD (Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion), e posterior análise via cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução, GC. Os agrotóxicos estudados foram: hexaclorobenzeno, atrazina, heptacloro, e seu epóxido, metóxicloro, endrin, a-clordane, g-clordane. A amostra (polpa sem semente) foi macerada e 0,5 g da mesma foram homogeneizados em 0,5 g de octadecilsilano (C-18). A mistura foi transferida para uma coluna de polietileno contendo 1,0 g de sílica gel-60 ativada em estufa a 120°C por 4 horas. Foram testados três solventes de eluição para o método: hexano, tolueno e acetato de etila e a porcentagem de recuperação de cada um foi determinada, variando entre 70 e 109%, considerando os níveis de contaminação da amostra testemunha entre 2 e 5 mg kg-1 de amostra. Após o estabelecimento dos parâmetros analíticos, o método foi testado em amostras comerciais de Laranja Pêra Rio, tendo sido encontrado resíduo de endrin em duas das amostras estudadas. Esses resultados podem ser devidos à alta persitência dos organoclroados do solo ou mesmo na água utilizada para a irrigação dessas lavouras, já que o comércio destes produtos está proibido desde a década de 80.
Harris, Caroline Ann. "Factors affecting the transfer of organochlorine pesticide residues into breastmilk." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418751.
Full textYogui, Gilvan Takeshi. "Ocorrência de compostos organoclorados (pesticidas e PCBs) em mamíferos marinhos da costa de São Paulo (Brasil) e da Ilha Rei George (Antártica)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-17032002-115002/.
Full textOrganochlorine compounds cause strong impact on the nature, as a consequence of three basic characteristics: environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity. The marine mammals are one of the most vulnerable organisms to the chronic toxicity of these contaminants. Besides the high concentration in the body, the female transfers part of her load to the offspring during gestation and lactation. The aim of this study was (1) the optimization of a methodology for determining chlorinated hydrocarbons (pesticides and PCBs) in fatty biological matrices and (2) the analysis of organochlorines in marine mammals blubber sampled along São Paulo coast (Brazil) and King George Island (Antarctica). According to the optimized methodology, the extraction was carried out in Soxhlet apparatus (8 h) with a mixture of n-hexane and dichloromethane. The clean-up was carried out with acid treatment and the resulting extract injected into gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The method performance was evaluated with certified reference material and fitted for international standards of control quality. The mean method detection limit was 2 ng g-1. DDTs and PCBs were the most concentrated organochlorines in the cetaceans from São Paulo coast. These findings reflected their past usage in Brazil by industry, agriculture, and public health. On the other hand, both HCHs and HCB were not found in high concentration likely due to their volatility in tropical climate areas. Mirex, a-chlordane and g-chlordane were not detected in elevated levels. The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli), from Antarctic continent, presented the smallest load among the studied animals. As the same way, the franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) presented low organochlorine levels. The marine tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) showed equal or higher DDT concentration than Indian cetaceans where that pesticide is still in use. The rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) revealed the greatest contamination among the analyzed animals, comparable to species studied in the coastal waters of developed countries (where organochlorines were extensively used).
Santagostino, S. F. "AQUATIC POLLUTION AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: TOXICOLOGY, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL RISK OF SELECTED FISH SPECIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/350847.
Full textCoelho, Sónia Dias. "Human exposure pathways to environmental contaminants." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17787.
Full textOs humanos estão permanentemente expostos a vários contaminantes ambientais que têm sido produzidos pela indústria química ao longo das últimas décadas. Para além do contacto direto com produtos onde estes contaminantes são aplicados, a exposição ocorre principalmente porque estes químicos se libertam destes materiais e acumulam-se no ambiente, tornando-se desta forma disponíveis para serem consumidos involuntariamente pelos humanos. Durante muito tempo a alimentação foi considerada como a principal via da exposição dos humanos a diversas classes de contaminantes, incluindo os poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) e metais tóxicos. No entanto, a exposição através do pó em ambientes interiores surgiu como uma importante via de exposição, principalmente porque estes contaminantes se acumulam no pó e devido ao facto das pessoas passarem grande parte do seu tempo em ambientes interiores. Na presente tese, foi estudada a presença de várias classes de contaminantes ambientais em amostras de duplicados de dieta e amostras de pó doméstico, de forma a caracterizar a exposição dos humanos através da ingestão de alimentos e pó doméstico em Portugal, e a avaliar os riscos associados a esta exposição. Os contaminantes estudados incluem: retardantes de chama bromados (BFRs); retardantes de chama fosforados (PFRs); bifenilos policlorados (PCBs); pesticidas organoclorados (OCs); e os metais tóxicos chumbo (Pb) e cádmio (Cd). Os níveis de BFRs, PCBs, OCs, Pb e Cd foram determinados em amostras de duplicados de dieta fornecidas por voluntários da comunidade académica da Universidade de Aveiro. No que diz respeito aos compostos orgânicos, as concentrações obtidas foram baixas. Os BFRs foram detetados em poucas amostras de dieta, sendo que o mais detetado foi o congénere BDE 209 (67%), enquanto os BFRs emergentes – 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromofenoxi) etano (BTBPE), decabromodifenill etano (DBDPE) – não foram detetados. Os PCBs e os OCs apresentaram as concentrações mais elevadas e foram detetados na maioria das amostras de duplicados de dieta analisadas, sendo que os diclorodifeniltricloroetanos (DDTs) e os hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs) foram detetados em 100% das amostras. Os valores estimados das ingestões diárias foram baixos e abaixo dos valores de referência estabelecidos para a avaliação de risco em humanos. O Pb foi detetado em todas as amostras de duplicado de dieta e o seu consumo através da ingestão de alimentos foi associado a efeitos adversos para a saúde. Para 33% dos participantes a ingestão diária estimada (EDI) foi superior à dose de referência (bench mark dose level – BMDL) associada à doença renal crónica, e para um dos participantes a EDI foi 50% mais elevado do que a BMDL associada à pressão arterial sistólica elevada. A abordagem da margem de exposição (MOE - margin of exposure) foi aplicada e indicou que em pelo menos 3,3 e 26,7% dos participantes poderão surgir efeitos cardiovasculares e nefrotóxicos, respetivamente. As concentrações de Cd foram avaliadas em amostras de duplicados de dieta fornecidas por mulheres a trabalhar ou a estudar na Universidade de Aveiro. Este metal foi também detetado em todas as amostras analisadas e 35% das participantes apresentaram ingestões semanais estimadas (EWIs) mais elevadas do que a dose semanal tolerável estabelecida, sugerindo riscos de saúde elevados. No geral, os resultados obtidos através das análises feitas em amostra de duplicados de dieta demonstraram que a ingestão de alimentos é uma importante via de exposição aos contaminantes ambientais estudados. Os níveis de PFRs, BFRs and PCBs foram monitorizados em amostras de pó doméstico de casas de Aveiro e Coimbra. Estes compostos e os seus respetivos congéneres/isómeros foram detetados num grande número de amostras, sendo que os PFRs apresentaram as concentrações mais elevadas, seguidos dos BFRs e PCBs. Apesar das frequências de deteção elevadas, os EDIs foram inferiores às doses de referência (RfDs) estabelecidas. Os BFRs, PCBs, OCs foram também analisados em amostras de pó doméstico da Covilhã. Neste estudo, as amostras de pó foram recolhidas em casas de voluntários com asma e em casa de participantes sem asma. Os congéneres/isómeros dos contaminantes avaliados foram detetados na maioria das amostras, e o grupo de BFRs apresentou as concentrações mais altas, seguido de PCBs e DDTs. No entanto, para todos os contaminantes, as ingestões diárias foram inferiores às RfDs. Estes resultados confirmam que os PFRs, BFRs, PCBs e OCs estão omnipresentes nas casas Portuguesas, no entanto, o consumo diário dos contaminantes orgânicos através da ingestão de pó doméstico é baixo. Os resultados obtidos no âmbito desta tese permitiram descrever, pela primeira vez em Portugal, os níveis dos contaminantes selecionados em amostras de duplicados de dieta e pó doméstico. Estes resultados revelaram que o risco associado à ingestão de contaminantes orgânicos através da alimentação e do pó doméstico foram baixos, ao contrário do elevado risco associado à ingestão de Pb e Cd presentes nos alimentos.
Humans are permanently exposed to environmental contaminants which have been produced for decades and with numerous applications. Besides the direct contact with the consumer products in which these contaminants are applied, the exposure occurs mainly because these chemicals are released from those materials and accumulate in the environment being available for involuntary consumption. For a long time, diet has been considered the major human exposure route for several contaminants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and toxic metals. However, the indoor exposure through dust emerged as important exposure route, mainly motivated by the fact that these contaminants accumulate in dust and because people in modern society spend much of their time indoors. In this thesis, several classes of environmental contaminants were analysed in duplicate diet samples and house dust in order to characterize the human exposure through the ingestion of food and the ingestion of house dust in Portugal and to access the associated risks. The contaminants studied include: brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs), and also the toxic metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The levels of BFRs, PCBs, OCs, Pb and Cd were assessed in duplicate diet samples obtained from volunteers from the University of Aveiro community. Regarding the organic compounds the obtained levels were low. BFRs were detected in few duplicate diet samples, with the congener BDE 209 exhibiting the higher detection frequency (67%) while the emerging BFRs – 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) – were not detected. PCBs and OCs exhibited higher levels and were detected in most analysed duplicate diet samples, with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) being detected in 100% of the samples. The daily dietary intakes were estimated, being low and under the established guidance values for human risk assessment. Pb was detected in all duplicate diet samples and its dietary ingestion was associated with adverse health effects. For 33% of the participants, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were higher than the dietary intakes related to the bench mark dose level (BMDL) derived from chronic kidney disease, and for one participant the EDI was 50% higher than the BMDL derived from elevated systolic blood pressure. The margin of exposure approach (MOE) was applied and indicated that cardiovascular and nephrotoxic effects might likely occur in at least 3.3 and 26.7% of the participants, respectively. The concentrations of Cd were assessed in duplicate diet samples provided by women working or studying in University of Aveiro. This metal was also detected in all analysed samples and 35% of the participants exhibited estimated weekly intakes (EWIs) higher than the established tolerable weekly intake (TWI), suggesting increased health risks. Overall the results from the duplicate diet study demonstrate that the ingestion of food is an important pathway of exposure to these environmental contaminants. PFRs, BFRs and PCBs were monitored in house dust samples from two cities in central Portugal (Aveiro and Coimbra). These compounds and respective congeners/isomers were detected in a large number of samples, with PFRs exhibiting the highest concentrations followed by BFRs and PCBs. Despite their high detection frequencies, the EDIs were much lower than the established reference doses (RfDs). BFRs, PCBs and OCs were also analysed in house dust samples from Covilhã, Portugal. In this study, dust samples were collected from the houses of asthmatics and non-asthmatics participants. The contaminants congeners/isomers were detected in the majority of the dust samples, and the group of BFRs exhibited the higher concentrations, followed by PCBs and DDTs, however, the daily intakes were lower than the RfDs for all contaminants. These results confirm that PFRs, BFRs, PCBs and OCs are ubiquitously present in Portuguese households, however the daily intakes of these organic contaminants through house dust ingestion is low. The results obtained under the framework of this thesis allowed describing for the first time in Portugal the levels of the selected contaminants in duplicate diet samples and in house dust samples. The results disclosed that the risk associated with the ingestion of the organic contaminants through diet and house dust was low, which contrasts with the risk associated with the ingestion of Pb and Cd through diet.
Herrera-Herrera, Jose Rafael. "Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Exposures in Riparian Ecosystems and Environmental Education in Southeastern Mexico." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1401975159.
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