Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organochlorine compounds'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Organochlorine compounds.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Meyer, Randall John. "Catalytic dechlorination." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034986.
Full textTabellion, Gayle A. "Determination of selected organochlorine compounds in air and water from Youngstown, Ohio /." Connect to online version, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3572.
Full textÖzer, Serdar Sofuoğlu Aysun. "Measurement Of Henry's Law Constant Of Organochlorinated Pesticides/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000344.pdf.
Full textKeywords: Organic pollutants, thermodynamic properties, Henry's law constant, Organochlorinated pesticides. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. (leaves. 49-53).
James, Donny Lawrence. "Biochemical dechlorination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100216.212048.
Full textFang, Jing. "Prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides and its association with birth outcomes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/673.
Full textJung, Grace Lorena. "Thermal rearrangement of functionalized 6-exo-(1-alkenyl)bicyclo\3.1.0]hex-2-enes application to the total synthesis of (+)-sinularene." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25806.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
Rylander, Lars. "Dietary exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds and health effects in women and their infants epidemiological studies on birthweight, cancer incidence and mortality /." Lund : Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=rgFrAAAAMAAJ.
Full textSheehan, Emily Moore. "Time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction (TWA-SPME) for in-planta detection of chlorinated solvents." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Sheehan_09007dcc8067c9a4.pdf.
Full textVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 16, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66).
Waldemer, Rachel H. "Determination of the rate of contaminant oxidations by permanganate : implications for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) /." Full text open access at:, 2004. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,20.
Full textYuan, Tao 1968. "Dechlorination of environmentally recalcitrant chlorinated aromatic compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79208.
Full textPentachlorophenol (PCP), octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl are all highly chlorinated aromatic compounds, of which, PCP has been used mainly as a biocide. Octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl don't have practical use, but their congeners have been used widely as chemicals in industry. These compounds are toxic, recalcitrant and bio-accumulated within organisms. As the conventional treatment, incineration of these compounds can cause more serious problems, so that suitable alternatives need to be developed for their detoxification.
When compared with biodegradation or the thermal treatment of these compounds, chemical degradations have several merits. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Hoppe, Sabina, and Frida Thomsen. "Occurrence of organochlorine compounds in a forest bog at Stubbetorp, Kolmården : -Indication for a natural formation?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3321.
Full textVolatile organochlorine compounds emitted from natural sources can participate in environmentally relevant processes affecting life on Earth, such as stratospheric ozone destruction and warming of the troposphere. The aim of this study was to investigate if forest bogs contribute to the environmental input of naturally produced volatile organochlorine compounds. The concentrations of four different volatile organochlorine compounds were determined in ambient air, rainwater, surface water, and sub-surface water. For chloroform, up to 10-times higher concentrations were detected in the surface water compared to the sub-surface water taken at 40 cm depth. As the concentrations of chloroform in rainwater where almost in the same range as the concentrations in the sub-surface water, a formation of chloroform is suggested in the surface water. The results of this study indicate forest bogs as a possible new natural source for the input of volatile organochlorine into the environment.
Blévin, Pierre. "Physiological consequences of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, organochlorine compounds and mercury in an Arctic breeding seabird." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS023/document.
Full textDue to increasing human activities, a growing number of threats are challenging the fate of biodiversity. Among them, environmental contamination is particularly concerning for living organisms. Used and released in industrialized countries, these highly persistent contaminants can reach remote areas such as the Arctic ecosystem and will biomagnify though food webs and bioaccumulate in organisms. Long-lived seabirds are located in the upper levels of the food chains and thus particularly exposed and sensitive to a chronic contaminants exposure. Through endocrine disruption, these contaminants can impact physiological mechanisms and behavioural traits, inducing in fine, long-term fitness consequences on individuals and populations. My thesis focuses on three groups of contaminants: (i) poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), still broadly used in a vast array of industrial processes and increasing in the Arctic; (ii) “legacy” organochlorine contaminants (OCs, pesticides and industrial compounds), banned from use but still well present in the Arctic and (iii) mercury (Hg), a non-essential metal coming of both natural and anthropic origins. Based on a correlative approach conducted in natura, I investigated the physiological and behavioural consequences of exposure to these contaminants during the whole breeding cycle (from pre-laying to chick-rearing period) in an Arctic seabird, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. Specifically, I examined the relationships between several PFASs, OCs, Hg and fertility (sperm morphology and motility), sexual signaling (visual: integument coloration and olfactory: chemical signature), parental care behaviors (incubation temperature and egg-turning), ageing (telomere length) and energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate). In addition, some potential underlying mechanisms were also studied to better understand the way through which contaminants can be detrimental for kittiwakes. Furthermore, since physiological mechanisms and behavioral traits investigated here are tightly involved in self maintenance and reproduction, possible effects on fitness are then discussed. This PhD work underlines the major role of certain legacy chlorinated organic compounds (e.g. chlordanes) and significantly contributes at documenting the poorly known toxicological consequences of PFASs exposure in wildlife. Importantly, this PhD shows that PFASs and OCs could impact ageing, energy expenditure and some parental care behaviors in a contrasted manner. Specifically, oxychlordane, a metabolite of a banned organochlorine pesticide was associated with decreased telomere length, lowered metabolic rate and reduced ability to incubate the eggs. Conversely, elongated telomere, increased BMR and enhanced egg rotation were observed in birds bearing the highest concentrations of PFASs. Finally, at least for the considered endpoints, Hg appears as a coming minor threat for kittiwakes. This study highlights the importance of considering several groups of contaminants when investigating the consequences of environmental contaminants exposure in wildlife
Roque, Inês Margarida Ferreira. "The barn owl (Tyto alba) as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with mercury and organochlorine compounds." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20828.
Full textTauchert, Elias [Verfasser]. "Interactions and photocatalytic reactions of organochlorine compounds at the nanoparticulate TiO2 surface : a FTIR study / Elias Tauchert." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022751700/34.
Full textSevertson, Steven J. "Sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by softwood fibers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5798.
Full textShirley, Matt, and n/a. "Characterisation of an 84 kb linear plasmid that encodes DDE cometabolism in Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060804.094902.
Full textRosengreen, Sven Albert. "13C and 37Cl characterization of PCE and application to contamination of the Harrison Landfill: Tucson, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0063_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textChiang, Sheau-Yun. "Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated phenols in methanogenic wetland sediment slurries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21281.
Full textDe, Blanc Phillip Charles. "Development and demonstration of a biodegradation model for non-aqueous phase liguids in groundwater /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textZhang, Yanling. "Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and algal derived organic materials (AOM) in drinking reservoirs around the Pearl River Delta Region : effects of chlorination and protecting effects of dietary antioxidants against genotoxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1403.
Full textChen, Nan. "Kinetics of the hydrodechlorination reaction of chlorinated compounds on palladium catalysts." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0823103-161859.
Full textLui, Yuen Shan. "Formation of disinfection by-products and mutagenicity upon chlorination of algal-derived organic materials." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1181.
Full textBurnell, Daniel K. "A groundwater flow and solute transport model of sequential biodegradation of multiple chlorinated solvents in the surficial aquifer, Palm Bay, Florida." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26809.
Full textManaca, Maria Nélia Joquim. "Exposure to organochlorine compounds at the aerly stages of DDT use for indoor residual spraying in domestic environments in Manhiça, Mozambique." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53062.
Full textL’ús en el passat i en temps actuals del DDT i piretroides ha donat lloc a la seva incorporació en els humans, principalment mitjançant la cadena tròfica i a vegades per exposició directa. Aquest treball té com objectiu establir els nivells de DDT i els seus compostos anàlegs (DDE i DDD), i piretroides en humans i l’ambient humà a Manhiça, una àrea rural on aquests s’han utilitzat com insecticides per aplicació interna (indoor residual spraying, IRS) i tractament de xarxes de protección (insecticide treated nets, ITN) en programes de control de la malària. Per a esbrinar els nivells de concentració d’aquests compostos s’analitzaren mostres de palla de cabanes, de llet materna i de sang de cordó de nou nats. Els resultats mostraren que el DDT i els seus compostos anàlegs ja eren presents en humans i cabanes abans de la reintroducció d’aquest insecticida per IRS. L’ús del DDT en aquest programa féu augmentar considerablement les concentracions d’aquest insecticida. La major proporció de 4,4’-DDT que 4,4’-DDE posà de manifest que les quantitats observades corresponien a aplicacions recents d’aquest insecticida. Respecte als piretroides, s’han trobat en mostres de llet materna i cabanes tot mostrant que tant les aplicacions agrícoles com el seu ús en ITN poder esser la causa de la seva presència en els humans i els ambients humans de Manhiça.
Rodrigue, Jean. "Utilisation du canard de Pékin (Anas platyrhynchos) comme bioindicateur de la contamination du milieu naturel par les substances bioaccumulables." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22796.
Full textThere was a rapid increase in the number and concentration of contaminants detected in the livers of ducks exposed to pollutants in the natural environment. The concentrations found were low (99.9% of OC-PCB are under 1 mg/kg wet weight basis). These individuals were generally from 10 to 1000 times more contaminated than the control ducks for 40 days of exposure.
The use of domestic ducks as bioindicators has several advantages. They can be obtained readily and cheaply, and the sex and age of the individuals can be controlled. Since they are not very mobile and therefore are easy to locate, they provide information on the contamination (metals or OC-PCB) of specific sites. The use of Peking ducks has some limitations. There is a need for appropriate habitats to ensure their survival, and there is considerable stress caused by transferring the ducks from the breeding farm to the natural environment, thereby obliging them to search for food and exposing them to predators and poachers. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Mpofu, Christopher. "Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in fish samples from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006707.
Full textBrogdon, Brian N. "Effects of ethanol media on chlorine dioxide and extraction stages for kraft pulp bleaching." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7014.
Full textNamulanda, Gonza, Mildred Maisonet, Ethel Taylor, W. Dana Flanders, David Olsen, Andreas Sjodin, Judith R. Qualters, John Vena, Kate Northstone, and Luke Naeher. "In Utero Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides and Early Menarche in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/30.
Full textWasho, Dawn Llewellyn. "Using membrane interface probe (MIP) to characterize chlorinated volatile organic compounds in glacial sediments." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
Find full textKong, Kai Yip. "Risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish collected from fish ponds in the Pearl River Delta." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/531.
Full textSantos, Allan Patrick dos. "Determinação de compostos organoclorados e hidrocarbonetos poliaromáticos na Lagoa de Carapicuíba - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-29082007-172436/.
Full textIn 2002, started the workmanships of widening and deepening of the gutter of the river Tietê in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, as a tool to prevent the periodic floods that happen in this region. A large amount of sediment, rocks and garbage have been removed from the river and this same material has been deposited in the lagoa de Carapicuíba, which should be partially filled with earth according to a project that foresees the implement of a public park in the place. Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are classified as micropollutants to the ecosystems. Their impacts on the environment have been widely discussed by the scientific community in the past decades. Environmental data were obtained from the diagnosis of organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of water and sediment from this lagoon. The extraction method of the studied compounds (gama-BHC, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxid, Benzo(a)Pirene, Fluorine, Naphatalene) of the sediments has been made by Soxhlet apparatus and Solid Phase Extraction method were used for the leached and solubilizated extracts. A stage of clean-up was necessary to remove substances which could modify results. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry has been used to identify organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the leached and solubilizated extracts. The extracts of the sediment have been injected in a Gas Chromatograph apparatus with detector of eletron capture for the identification and quantification of organochlorine compounds. The methodology used in the extraction and quantification was considered satisfactory, with recovery indexes and relative standard deviation values internationally accepted. The concentration values of the organochlorines obtained in the leached and solubilizated extracts were under the chromatograph detection limits. The concentration of organoclhorine compounds found in extracts of the sediments values varied from 9 to 175 ?g kg-1. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified in few leached and solubilizated extracts.
Junqué, Martínez Eva 1988. "Vies d'exposició a compostos organoclorats i metalls en infants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668428.
Full textThe present research assesses some of the main routes of exposure to various pollutants, specifically organochlorine compounds (OCs) and trace metals, in infants. It focuses on three populations, located in southern Europe: Menorca, Asturias and Tarragona. These three cohorts have served as a population model to evaluate exposure through diet, environment and mother-child transfer during pregnancy, respectively. A chemical analysis has been carried out in more than 600 serum and urine human samples, along with food products to determine a wide range of OCs and trace metals. This was undertaken using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector (GC- ECD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The most remarkable results of this Ph.D. are described below. Half of the fish caught in the Mediterranean Sea have exceeded the levels of mercury established by the European Union for human consumption. Likewise, the estimated ingestion of mercury in the cohort of Menorca has also exceeded tolerable intakes established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), with being the main source of incorporation of this metal (approximately 80%). Conversely, concentrations of OCs in foods have been well below the established limits. It has been observed that weight and trophic level of fish are key factors in the accumulation patterns of these compounds, due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. On the other hand, the levels of trace metals in the population of Asturias have been higher than those found in previous studies. This is likely a result of the high industrial and mining activity in the area. In this cohort, the high concentrations of arsenic in urine with fish consumption has also been identified. This form of arsenic, though, is not toxic. An inversely significant correlation, however, between levels of urinary cobalt and ferritin in the blood has been observed. In situations of higher iron demand -as occurring during the growth stage in which these children are - the body increases the expression of the DMT1 divalent ion transporter, which also incorporates cobalt. It has also been observed that cobalt concentrations are much higher in children with iron deficiency anaemia. Finally, in the cohort of Tarragona, a significant increase in OC concentrations in maternal serum has been found for the first time between the first trimester of pregnancy and childbirth. This is likely due to a mobilization of the fat reserves and the increase in blood volume during this period. The levels of OCs measured in cord blood have been significantly correlated with the concentrations of these compounds in maternal serum. This distribution is the result of a predominantly maternal source that transfers contaminants to the foetus. The age and the body mass index of mothers have been determined as the main factors that determine the concentrations of OCs in the human body. From a point of view of public health and environmental regulation, special attention must be given to these pollutants; due to their persistence in the environment and the ease of incorporation into the human body- mostly thorough the diet and reparation. Despite most of the studied compounds currently being banned or strictly controlled, this study confirms the presence of these pollutants already in the early stages of childhood life. This highlights the need to expand research on the factors that determine the environmental distribution and human exposure. Through this, it is anticipated that there will be an improvement in the health of the population; as a result of the advances in available information.
Tagliaferro, Aline Fernanda. "Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do inseticida endosulfan em alevinos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), com o emprego de biomarcadores histologicos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317910.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T00:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tagliaferro_AlineFernanda_M.pdf: 13833602 bytes, checksum: 8ff9e6fc1f703f847914ff9a4284c900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Dado o registro de endosulfan nas bacias do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, o risco para os organismos aquáticos que esse agrotóxico promove e a falta de informações sobre sua ação na ictiofauna dessa região, esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a sensibilidade do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, ao endosulfan. Para a realização da intoxicação aguda (96h) em sistema estático, alevinos foram expostos às seguintes concentrações de endosulfan: 0; 0,71; 1,43; 2,14; 2,86; 3,57; 4,29 e 5µgL-1. Após 96h, os exemplares sobreviventes foram necropsiados e amostras de brânquia, fígado e rim foram colhidas para análise histopatológica, qualitativa e semi-quantitativa. A Concentração Letal Média (CL50) obtida foi de 5,66µgL-1 (24h) e 4,33µgL-1 (96h). Alterações branquiais e hepáticas foram perceptíveis à microscopia de luz (ML) e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), já no rim somente alterações à MET foram detectadas. Nas brânquias, lamelas secundárias com hipertrofia do epitélio, telangectasia e destacamento epitelial foram as principais alterações. Já no fígado notaram-se degeneração hidrópica, inclusão nuclear, inclusão hialina e vacuolização citoplasmática, como as alterações mais frequentes. Entre as alterações à MET, de modo geral, as mais frequentes foram: alterações mitocondriais, presença de figura de mielina, alteração e/ou perda de microvilos e aumento do espaço intercelular. Embora, alguns exemplares apresentaram alterações celulares frequentes e severas, sugerindo sério dano induzido pelo endosulfan, a análise semi-quantitativa indicou grande variabilidade interindividual. Este último dado sugere fortemente, que a avaliação de biomarcadores histológicos de contaminação aquática deve ser acompanhada de avaliação semi-quantitativa das alterações induzidas associada à análise estatística, para uma fiel indicação do dano provocado à população de organismos-teste. Finalmente, o pacu mostrou-se um bom bioindicador de contaminação aquática por endosulfan o qual se mostrou extremamente tóxico para essa espécie. Assim, espera-se que esta pesquisa venha contribuir efetivamente para o estabelecimento de normas mais rigorosas, ou até mesmo a proibição, da utilização do endosulfan em território brasileiro à semelhança de outros países.
Abstract: The records of endosulfan in river basins of the Patanal wetlands in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), the risk to aquatic organisms and lack of information on the action of this pesticide on fish fauna in this region stimulated the present study, which aim was to determine the sensitivity of the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to endosulfan. For the acute intoxication test (96h) in a static system, fingerlings were exposed to the following concentrations of endosulfan: 0; 0.71; 1.43; 2.14; 2.86; 3.57; 4.29 and 5µgL-1. After 96h, the specimens were necropsied and samples were taken from the gill, liver and kidney for qualitative and semi-quantitative histopathological analysis. The Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) was 5.66µgL-1 (24h) and 4.33µgL-1 (96h). Gill and liver alterations were visible through light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); alterations in the kidney were only detected through TEM. The main alterations in the gills were secondary lamellae with epithelial hypertrophy, telangiectasis and epithelial lifting. The most frequent alterations in the liver were hydropic degeneration, hyaline inclusion and cytoplasmic vacuolization. The most frequent TEM findings were mitochondrial alterations, the presence of myelin figure, alterations in and/or loss of microvilli and increase in intercellular space. Although some specimens frequently exhibited severe cell alterations suggesting serious damage induced by endosulfan, the semi-quantitative analysis revealed considerable interindividual variability. This strongly suggests that the evaluation of histological biomarkers of aquatic contamination should be accompanied by a semi-quantitative assessment of alterations associated with statistical analysis in order to obtain a faithful indication of the damage caused to the population of test organisms. The pacu proved to be a good bioindicator of aquatic contamination by endosulfan, which proved to be extremely toxic to this species. It is hoped that the present study can effectively to contribute toward the establishment of stricter norms or even the banning of the use of endosulfan in Brazil, as has occurred in other countries.
Mestrado
Histologia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Hellström, Anna. "Uptake of airborne organic pollutants in pine needles : geographical and seasonal variations /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000275/.
Full textThesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reproduces four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
Jelena, Tričković. "Primena sorpcionih parametara odabranih hidrofobnih organskih polutanata na organskoj materiji sedimenata za procenu njihove dostupnosti u sistemima sediment-voda." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16659&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textNatural organic matter of soil/sediment make the main region for sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds, ant its properties influence the degree of retention and, consequently, (bio)availability of organic compounds. In order to assess the ecotoxicological risks of contaminated soils/sediments to the environment and design the appropriate remediation strategy or predict the fate and transport of organic pollutants in contaminated zones, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of sorption/desorption at the level of the mechanism of established bonds. Study of the sorption and desorption of selected hydrophobic organic pollutants, pentachlorobenzene and lindane, on sequentially extracted humic acids and humins from a single sediment sample with the aim of finding the relationship between the structural characteristics of the isolated humic acids and humin and sorption and desorption parameters. Sorption affinity, nonlinearity of isotherms, and apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis were correlated to the sorbent characteristics obtained from elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopic data. The proposed sorption mechanism on humic acids assumes that at low concentrations of pentachlorobenzene and lindane the sorption sites in the condensed aromatic region are occupied first, and then, at their higher concentrations, the sorption sites in the amorphous and aliphatic regions. Generally higher nonlinearity coefficient obtained for the sorption of pentachlorobenzene on umic acids compared with the nonlinearity of sorption isotherms for lindane, indicate that in the overall sorption of pentachlorobenzene of higher significance is the echanism of distribution and insertion of pentachlorobenzene molecule into hydrophobic dips of humic acids, compared to specific adsorption. These conclusions were confirmed with the results of spectroscopic investigation of intermolecular interaction of chosen organic compounds and N-methylformamide.Since suggested sorption mechanism could not explain sorption of pentachlorobenzene and lindane onto humin samples, it is supposed that the nonlinearity can be a result of surface interactions, while the high sorption affinity is result of distribution of organic compounds in the amorphous aliphatic regions that offer an excellent environment for sorption.With the aim of further insight into the sorption mechanism, investigation of desorption kinetics of three chosen hydrophobic organic compounds, pentachlorobenzene, lindane and pentachloroaniline, in the presence of soild adsorbent XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin was performed. On the basis of the results obtained for sediment sample and fraction < 125 µm at two equilibrium times (15 and 90 days) and for all selected organic compounds, it can be concluded that the assessment of the potential (bio)avialable fraction of organic compounds may be obtained by using simple method of desorption in the presence of XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin, performed in two ways: (1) by sediment extraction during 24 hours, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to the fraction of he compound that is found in the fast-desorbing domain of organic matter, or (2) by 6-hour extraction, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to one half of the fraction appearing in the fast-desorbing domain of the organic matter.
Zhou, Hai Yun. "Evaluation of organochlorines and heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, with emphasis on bioaccumulation in freshwater fish." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/207.
Full textPellegrino-Peard, Patricia L. "A review of research and literature linking breast cancer to pesticides." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1216.
Full textForns, i. Guzman Joan 1981. "Social and environmental determinants of neuropsychological development from birth to preadolescence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96193.
Full textIntroducció El desenvolupament neuropsicològic infantil és un procés guiat genèticament, el qual és contínuament influenciat per factors socials i ambientals. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis fou l’estudi dels principals determinants socio-ambientals del desenvolupament neuropsicològic infantil en diferents períodes de temps. Aquesta tesis també té l’objectiu de resumir en un marc conceptual els diferents components del desenvolupament neuropsicològic pel seu ús en estudis d’epidemiologia ambiental. Mètodes Aquesta tesis està basada en dades del projecte INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente). El principal objectiu d’aquest projecte és avaluar l’impacte de les exposicions ambientals en la salud infantil en 7 cohorts de població establides en diferents regions d’Espanya. Dintre del marc d’aquest projecte, s’ha avaluat el desenvolupament neuropsicològic d’aproximadament 2.650 nens en diferents moments, seguint els mateixos protocols. Resultats (1) Les capacitats cognitives maternes estan positivament relacionades amb el desenvolupament cognitiu infantil en les primeres etapes, en les classes socials ocupacionals menys afavorides. (2) Els nivells de cortisol infantil no mostren associació amb el desenvolupament neuropsicològic durant el segon any de vida. (3) Nivells elevats d’àcids grassos poliinsaturats de cadena llarga en conjunció amb períodes prolongats de lactancia materna afavoreixen el desenvolupament neuropsicològic a les primeres etapes, especialment en aquells nens de mares fumadores durant l’embaràs. (4) L’exposició prenatal a PCBs (espcialment, al congener 153) impacta negativament en el desenvolupament psicomotor infantil durant el segon any de vida i en el desenvolupament neuropsicològic general als 4 anys d’edat. (5) L’exposició postnatal a compostos organocloroats està associada a una capacitat de reacció (velocitat de processament) més alentida en etapes preadolescents. (6) L’ús del marc conceptual propossat tesis afavorirà la qualitat de l’investigació en aquesta àrea. Conclussions Els determinants socials, com l’intel•ligència materna, el nivell educatiu o la classe social basada en l’ocupació, configuren l’entorn més proper del nen i determinen el seu desenvolupament neuropsicològic. Els nivells actuals de certs compostos organoclorats, especialment els bifenils policlorinats, mesurats en mostres de sang (de cordó umbilical, mares o nens) mostren efectes negatius sobre el desenvolupament neuropsicològic en la població general.
Introducción El desarrollo neuropsicológico infantil es un proceso guiado genéticamente, el cual está contínuamente influenciado por factores sociales y ambientales. El objetivo de esta tesis fue estudiar los principales determinantes socio-ambientales del desarrollo neuropsicológico infantil en diferentes periodos de tiempo. Esta tesis también tenía como objetivo resumir en un marco conceptual el trabajo hecho en epidemiología ambiental en el estudio del desarrollo neuropsicológico infantil. Métodos Esta tesis está basada en datos del proyecto INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente). El principal objetivo de esto proyecto es evaluar el impacto de las exposiciones ambientales en la salud infantil en 7 cohortes de población establecidas en diferentes regiones de España. El desarrollo neuropsicológico de aproximadamente 2.650 niños ha sido evaluado en diferentes momentos siguiendo los mismos protocolos. Resultados (1) Las capacidades cognitivas maternas están positivamente relacionadas con el desarrollo cognitivo infantil en edades tempranas en las clases sociales ocupacionales menos aventajadas. (2) Los niveles de cortisol en el niño no se asocian con el desarrollo neuropsicológico durante el segundo año de vida. (3) Niveles altos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga debido a periodos largos de lactancia materna mejoraron el desarrollo neuropsicológico a edades tempranas, especialmente en esos niños cuyas madres fumaron durante el embarazo. (4) La exposición prenatal a PCBs (espcialmente para el congener 153) impacta negativamente en el desarrollo psicomotor durante el segundo año de vida y en desarrollo neuropsicológico general a la edad de 4 años. (5) La exposición postnatal a compuestos organoclorados está asociado con una peor capacidad de tiempo de reacción (velocidad de procesamiento) durante la preadolescencia. (6) El marco conceptual propuesto mejorará la calidad de la investigación en esta área. Conclusiones Los determinantes sociales tales como inteligencia maternal, nivel educativo o clase social basada en la ocupación, configuran el entorno más cercano en el cual el niño se desarrolla y determinan su desarrollo neuropsicológico. Los niveles actuales de ciertos compuestos organoclorados, especialmente los bifeniles policlorinados, medidos en sangre (de cordón umbilical, madre, o niño) tienen efectos negativos sobre el desarrollo neuropsicológico de la población general.
Souza, Neyliane Costa de. "DeterminaÃÃo de Micropoluentes Emergentes em Esgoto SanitÃrio, Hospitalar e Ãguas Superficiais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7099.
Full textNo Brasil, estudos de avaliaÃÃo de micropoluentes emergentes em matrizes ambientais como esgotos sanitÃrios e hospitalares, e corpos de Ãgua, ainda sÃo bastante incipientes, assim como a remoÃÃo desses compostos em EstaÃÃes de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETEs) de baixo custo como lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo, assim como em sistemas de lodos ativados e sistemas anaerÃbio-aerÃbio compactos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar a presenÃa de micropoluentes em matrizes ambientais como esgotos sanitÃrios e hospitalares, e Ãgua superficial, avaliar a remoÃÃo destes compostos em ETEs de baixo custo e aplicar o processo de oxidaÃÃo avanÃada (POA) UV/H2O2 como opÃÃo de pÃs-tratamento. Os principais micropoluentes emergentes estudados foram: 2,4,6-triclorofenol, pentaclorofenol, cafeÃna (CAF), dipirona (DIP), diclofenaco de sÃdio (DCF), bis (2-etil-hexil) ftalato (DEHP), estrona (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), β-estradiol 17-acetato (EA2), 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2) e colesterol (COL). As amostras foram coletadas em ETEs localizadas em Fortaleza e em sua regiÃo metropolitana. Os corpos receptores investigados foram o Rio Maranguapinho e o Riacho Paupina. Para a prÃ-concentraÃÃo dos micropoluentes utilizou-se extraÃÃo em fase sÃlida (SPE) com cartuchos C-18 e extraÃÃo lÃquido-lÃquido (ELL). A SPE foi a tÃcnica mais eficiente na concentraÃÃo da maioria dos micropoluentes emergentes, e a ELL se mostrou a melhor tÃcnica para compostos organoclorados. Foram realizados estudos de otimizaÃÃo das condiÃÃes de detecÃÃo dos compostos pelo uso de tÃcnicas de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS). Foram identificados compostos farmacÃuticos e desreguladores endÃcrinos em todas as amostras de esgotos com as seguintes faixas de concentraÃÃes efluentes: CAF (3,0-15,8 μg/L), DIP (0,3 μg/L), DCF (1,9 μg/L), DEHP (0,01-8,5μg/L), E1 (0,04-1,7 μg/L), E2 (0,03-4,0 μg/L), EA2 (0,14-9,3 μg/L), EE2 (1,0 μg/L) e COL (0,01-6,2 μg/L). Nos dois corpos receptores estudados (Rio Maranguapinho e Riacho Paupina) foram identificados desreguladores endÃcrinos. Os tratamentos realizados pelas ETEs nÃo foram suficientes para remoÃÃo total de todos os micropoluentes estudados, no entanto, a eficiÃncia para a maioria dos compostos foi acima de 50%. Em se tratando da avaliaÃÃo em sistemas de lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo, o estudo revelou boas eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo em sistemas constituÃdos de lagoa anaerÃbia seguida de facultativa e de maturaÃÃo, sendo os menores valores de remoÃÃo alcanÃados quando uma Ãnica lagoa facultativa primÃria estava presente. A avaliaÃÃo do uso do POA por meio do planejamento fatorial multivariado revelou que as melhores condiÃÃes para remoÃÃo de micropoluentes emergentes foram pH Ãcido (pH 3), concentraÃÃo de perÃxido de hidrogÃnio acima de 400 mg/L e tempos de detenÃÃo hidrÃulica no reator acima de 50min.
In Brazil, studies evaluating emerging micropollutants in environmental matrices such as sewage and hospital wastewater, as well as surface waters, are still quite incipient as well as the removal of these compounds in low cost Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) such as stabilization ponds, as well as in activated sludge systems or anaerobic/aerobic compact systems. This work aimed to investigate the presence of micropollutants in environmental matrices such as sewage and hospital wastewaters, and in surface waters. Additionally, this study evaluated the removal of these compounds in low-cost WWTPs and studied the advanced oxidation process (AOP) â UV/H2O2 â as a post-treatment option. The main emerging micropollutants studied were: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, caffeine (CAF), dipyrone (DIP), sodium diclofenac (DCF), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estradiol acetate (EA2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and cholesterol (CHO). The samples were collected from WWTPs located in Fortaleza and its metropolitan region. The receiving surface waters investigated were: Maranguapinho River and Paupina Creek. For the pre-concentration studies of micropollutants, solid phase extraction (SPE) with C-18 cartridges was used, as well as the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. The SPE technique was the most efficient method in concentrating the majority of emerging micropollutants, and the LLE proved to be the best technique for organochlorine compounds. Optimization studies were performed to detect the ideal conditions to determine the compounds by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. In all wastewater samples pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds were identified, and the range of effluent concentrations were: CAF (3.0-15.8 μg/L), DIP (0.3 μg/L), DCF (1.9 μg/L), DEHP (0.01-8.5μg/L), E1 (0.04-1.7 μg/L), E2 (0.03-4.0 μg/L), EA2 (0.14-9.3 μg/L), EE2 (1.0 μg/L) and CHO (0.01-6.2 μg/L). Endocrine disrupting compounds were identified in the Maranguapinho River and Paupina Creek. The wastewater treatment in the WWTPs was not enough for the complete removal of all micropollutants studied; however, the efficiency level for most of compounds was above 50%. Regarding the evaluation in stabilization ponds systems, the study revealed good removal of micropollutants in systems composed of anaerobic pond followed by facultative and maturation ponds, in which the lowest efficiency levels were verified when a single facultative pond was present. The evaluation of the AOP as a post-treatment option by multivariate factorial design showed that the optimal conditions for the removal of emerging micropollutants were acidic pH (pH 3), hydrogen peroxide concentration above 400 mg/L and hydraulic retention times in the reactor above 50 minutes.
Tominaga, Maria Yumiko. "Caracterização de valores de referência de qualidade de sedimentos para compostos orgânicos no sistema estuarino da baixada santista, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-06062016-141332/.
Full textIn highly contaminated places like Baixada Santista region, it is important to establish goals for cleaning the environment. Although the absence of contamination would be the ideal goal, the implications and costs related to this goal, demand the establishment of realistic recovery goals for the contaminants presents in the region. Aiming to characterize sediment quality reference values for organic compounds in Baixada Santista region, Bertioga´s Channel was chosen as reference site because there is no direct industrial sources related to the compounds of interest in that region. Water, sediment and oister samples were collected and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) were determined by chromatographic techniques. From the PAHs results evaluation, is possible to conclude with some degree of confidence, that the sum of PAHs of sediment samples are in the majority lower than 1,000 µg/kg and not higher than 1,600 µg/kg, and these values are below the regulated value (CONAMA 344/04) and lower than those values that may cause any adverse effects for the biota as indicated in the literature. Results of PCBs, OCPs, phenols and VOCs analysis in sediment samples, were below the quantitation limits of the specific methods, except for DDE (5.30 µg/kg) and HCB (2.34 µg/kg) each, detected only in one sampling site. There was no evidence of possible emission source near the reference site for PCBs, OCPs, phenolic compounds and VOCs. Finally, the results obtained in this study may be used as subsidy for the establishment of a reference area for sediment quality in the Baixada Santista region, or still be used together with inorganic contamints, ecotoxicological and biological indicators evaluations as tool for the sediment quality evaluation and/or for dredged material classification in the Baixada Santista region. For the compounds not detected, the suggestion is to use the quantitation limits as the reference value.
Carreiro, Lorena Mendes. "RISCO DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DE SOLOS E ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO POR ORGANOCLORADOS: SUSCETIBILIDADE DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/529.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Test of risk of contamination of soil and groundwater in Maranhão by organochlorines. Analysis of the susceptibility of ecological interest areas of the state.
Trabalho sobre o risco de contaminação de solos e águas subterrâneas no Maranhão por substâncias organocloradas. Análise da suscetibilidade de áreas de relevante interesse ecológico do Estado.
Cal, Rodríguez Agustina de la. "Análisis, biodisponibilidad y vigilancia de contaminantes orgánicos hidrofóbicos en el medio acuático." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/379545.
Full textIn a given period of time, only a fraction of the total amount of a chemical present in the water column or in the sediment is bioaccesible or bioavailable. In turn, even though the dissolved fraction of a contaminant may be very low, sometimes undetectable, a long exposure can lead to accumulation by the organisms. This issue is especially relevant for hydrophobic contaminants, as they tend to persist in the environment bound to sediment particles and to be accumulated by biota. The thesis is focused on two groups of pollutants haloaromatics: the historical pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its transformation products, and the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), most recently included in legislation. The overall objective was the development and application of analytical methods by which to measure their concentrations in different phases or compartments in the aquatic environment that take into account the spatial and temporal availability for living beings. In the first part of the thesis, a modern technique for quantitative extraction from sediment and fish, adapted to current regulatory requirements of exhaustiveness for monitoring of pollutants, was used. In order to do so, an analytical method by selective extraction with pressurized liquids (SPLE) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized. Optimized methods were applied for the analysis of sediment and fish samples from different parts of the mainland coast and the Ebro river basin. The developed methodology also allowed detection of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a flame retardant that was just beginning to be used as a substitute for PBDEs and whose presence in the environment had just been described in that time. Afterwards, two types of biomimetic techniques using a surrogate phase for measuring the bioavailable and bioaccumulative pollutant in the medium were evaluated. First, the exhaustive extraction of contaminants in the sediment carried by SPLE method was compared with the aqueous extraction with Tenax®, allowing to quantify the fraction susceptible of passing to the dissolved phase in specific time periods or bioaccessible fraction. Finally, within the line of work of biomimetic techniques, the applicability of different versions of an experimental passive sampling device, the Chemcatcher®, able to accumulate PBDEs and DDX dissolved in the medium and provide a time-averaged measure was assessed.
Cunha, Alaine Santos da. "Aplicação de técnicas químicas de remediação em áreas contaminadas por compostos organoclorados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44138/tde-08012011-183046/.
Full textMost of the currently known contaminated areas are the result of past practices, where precautions regarding protection of human health and the environment were either unknown or ignored. The indiscriminate use of chlorinated solvents is the driving factor that has led to such compounds becoming one of the main sources of contamination in the industrial sector. Chlorinated solvents are highly toxic and, when present at even low concentrations in groundwater, they make this resource unfit for human consumption. Such remediation techniques as natural attenuation, or that involve pumping and treatment of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents, are currently being replaced by destructive chemical methods, as they show satisfactory results in a shorter period of time than previously used techniques. This study has the objective of showing the results obtained at two industrial sites where remediation techniques have been used involving in-situ chemical reduction, through injection of calcium polysulfide, and in-situ chemical oxidation, with injection of potassium permanganate. At both sites, organochlorine contaminants are the main compounds of concern present in groundwater. In-situ chemical reduction is a methodology that uses a chemical agent in order to reduce iron III oxides, naturally present in the sedimentary aquifer, and transform them into iron II which, in turn, reduces the organochlorine contaminants. The principal characteristic of this methodology is that of contiguous elimination of two chlorine atoms from contaminant molecules, which tends to reduce or eliminate accumulation of such toxic byproducts as vinyl chloride. In in-situ chemical oxidation, the chemical agent brings about a transfer of electrons, where the Cl- ions of contaminant molecules are replaced by H+ ions. Due to the low degree of reactivity between potassium permanganate and the aquifer matrix during chemical oxidation reactions, this oxidizing agent can be transported via groundwater flow, by advective and dispersive processes, and persist for a longer period of time, reacting with organic contaminants. Bench tests performed with contaminated saturated soil from one of the sites under study showed excellent results through the use of calcium polysulfide; however, the same results were not observed during a pilot test performed in the field. Although product dispersion was observed in the vicinity of at least one of the points where the solution had been injected, it was found that there was no significant reduction of contaminants, showing that iron II was not effective in enhancing the degradation process. This could have been the result of a series of factors, for example, possible reactions or the hydraulic or geological characteristics of the medium. Therefore, it was decided not to continue with use of this methodology as a remediation alternative for the whole impacted area, making it necessary for further studies in order to assess the best technique applicable at the site. With respect to the site where a chemical oxidation approach was adopted, remediation was considered to be effective. Over a period of twenty-two months, during which groundwater monitoring activities were performed, the presence of potassium permanganate was observed in the most impacted areas of the contamination plumes, a fact that allowed for the electron transfer process and, consequently, contaminant oxidation. Twenty-two months after initiation of injection activities, the main contaminant identified at the site (1,1-dichloroethene) was only detected at one point at a concentration exceeding the post-remediation target value established prior to commencing these activities. Considering that, during the sequence of activities related to the remediation process, this contaminant underwent changes in its toxicological values established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and came to be considered a non-carcinogenic compound, all wells showed concentrations below the new calculated post-remediation target. As a collateral effect, there was found to be an increase in concentrations of such dissolved metals as aluminum, barium, chromium and iron. Such mobilization of metals to groundwater can be considered a temporary effect. Following complete consumption of potassium permanganate by contaminants still present in the medium, the physical-chemical characteristics of the aquifer will return to the situation occurring naturally, allowing for the precipitation of these metals.
Thybaud, Eric. "Recherches sur l'impact ecotoxicologique du lindane et de la deltamethrine sur divers niveaux d'organisation des ecosystemes limniques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077040.
Full textVereskuns, Gastons. "Chlorinated fatty acids in freshwater fish and some biological effects of dichlorostearic acid /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5717-3.pdf.
Full textRibas, Fitó Núria. "Exposició a compostos organoclorats i efectes sobre la salut infantil durant el primer any de vida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7070.
Full textHexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine compound widely spread in the environment, highly lipophyilic which accumulates in all biological systems. Newborns are exposed to organochlorine compounds (OCs) through placenta and via breastfeeding. Although HCB is one of the most common OCs, its transference from the mother to the child through placenta and via breastfeeding is poorly documented. The knowledgement of the possible adverse effects on infant's health is also limited. In Flix, a small village in the Ribera d'Ebre area, high levels of HCB were detected in the atmosphere of the village due to the vicinity of an electrochemical factory. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate OCS exposition through placenta and breastfeeding and its effects on infant's health during the first year of life.
Fernandes, Diego Luiz de Sousa. "Estudo da formação de sub-produtos da degradação de clorobenzeno e 1,2-dicloroetano a partir da reação com reagente de Fenton em solução aquosa utilizando diferentes fontes de ferro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9347.
Full textPoluições da água e do solo são duas das cinco categorias básicas de poluição ambiental. As outras três são do ar, ruído e luz. Poluição ocorre quando um material/produto químico é adicionado ao meio ambiente afetando-o adversamente. Uma vez que a poluição existe, retornar a matriz impactada para o seu estado anteriormente não poluído torna-se muito difícil ou até mesmo impossível em alguns casos. Os compostos organoclorados (OC) representam um importante grupo de poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POP), devido à sua toxicidade e elevada persistência no ambiente. Diferentes técnicas de remediação de solo e água subterrânea têm sido desenvolvidas com o objetivo de reparar as áreas contaminadas em menor tempo e custo possíveis e, assim, a oxidação química in situ tem se mostrado uma técnica cada vez mais atraente devido sua simplicidade e baixo custo. A degradação de dois compostos organoclorados via oxidação química por reagente de Fenton em solução aquosa é o objeto do presente trabalho. Para tanto, foram selecionados dois compostos, sendo um alifático e outro aromático. Assim, foram avaliadas as condições de degradação dos compostos organoclorados em relação às concentrações do oxidante em diferentes tempos reacionais, diferentes fontes de catalisador e, de forma qualitativa, quais foram os principais subprodutos formados. Os ensaios oxidativos foram realizados em meio aquoso com temperatura controlada a 25 C e em 3 configurações de [Fe2+] e [H2O2]. A extração dos compostos de interesse para a fase orgânica também foi estudada. A análise dos extratos revelou que o acetato de etila foi o solvente que melhor extraiu os compostos de interesse da fase aquosa. Além destes ensaios, foram avaliadas outras duas fontes de Fe(II), sendo 11 óxidos de manganês dopados com ferro e a classe de solo predominante no território nacional, que é caracterizada pela sua alta concentração de ferro endógeno (latossolo). O ensaio entre as fontes de ferro revelou que tanto o óxido de Mn quanto o latossolo produziram menos subprodutos em relação à reação com a solução de sulfato Fe(II). Entretanto, em termos quantitativos, a redução na concentração de clorobenzeno foi mais efetiva na reação com a solução de Fe(II) (cerca de 63%). A identificação dos sobprodutos foi realizada a partir da análise em cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas e em análise comparativa dos espectros com a biblioteca NIST. Os ensaios oxidativos revelaram que em baixas concentrações de oxidante, há a possibilidade de geração de subprodutos mais tóxicos que os reagentes, sendo produzido bifenilas policloradas e hexaclorociclohexano nas reações com clorobenzeno e 1,2-dicloroetano, respectivamente
Holmstrand, Henry. "Compound-specific stable chlorine isotope analysis : a versatile tool for investigating biochemical and geochemical processes of organochlorine substances /." Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-937.
Full textGarí, de Barbarà Mercè 1982. "Patterns of accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in human populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132809.
Full textAquest estudi avalua els nivells i els patrons d'acumulació d'un ampli ventall de contaminants orgànics persistents (COPs) en la població humana. Comprèn dues classes de COPs, específicament els compos- tos organoclorats (OCs) i els polibromodifenil eters (PBDEs), i se centra en la població de Catalunya, un país mediterrani del sud-oest d'Europa amb uns sectors agrícola i industrial actius. La recerca descrita en aquest estudi es basa en una enquesta de salut pública duta a terme per la Generalitat de Catalunya el 2002, que va incloure en examen de salut i l'extracció d'una mostra de sang per a 919 persones. Les concentracions d'aquests contaminants en les mostres de s erum es van determinat mitjan cant t ecniques de cromatogra a de gasos i espectrometria de masses. En aquesta recerca s'ha dissenyat una metodologia específica per tal de millorar la detecció dels compostos organoclorats en mostres de sèrum humà. A més, les concentracions de COPs s'han contrastat amb una sèrie de factors sòcio-demogràfics, amb una especial atenció al sexe, l'edat i l' índex de massa corporal (IMC). Finalment, l'estudi proporciona avaluacions complementàries sobre els COPs en altres llocs de Catalunya, incloent el municipi de Flix, que acull una fàabrica de productes químics; i sobre el mercuri, un contaminant persistent inorgànic, a la població infantil de l'illa de Menorca. En resum, aquesta recerca combina una diversitat de contaminants, mètodes analítics i àrees geogrà ques per tal d'explorar l'associació entre la contaminació medioambiental i la salut humana.
Miguel, Celso Viana. "Determinação experimental de dados de equilibrio liquido-vapor de misturas de solventes e compostos organo-clorados." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267558.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T00:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel_CelsoViana_M.pdf: 2172997 bytes, checksum: 9075fe56f90ad4240387bf05662c1c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição ao estudo do equilíbrio líquido-vapor de substâncias poluentes, em especial aos solventes e pesticidas. Foi estudado o equilíbrio líquido-vapor dos sistemas isobáricos nas pressões de 250 e 650mmHg. Os sistemas foram formados pelas combinações das misturas binárias dos compostos 1,2-Dicloroetano, Tric1oroetileno e l-Butanol. Os dados foram determinados em ebuliômetro de recirculação das fases líquida e vapor, apropriado para regiões de baixas e médias pressões. A qualidade dos dados medidos P-T-x-y foi verificada pela aplicação do teste de consistência termodinâmica de Van Ness-Fredenslund. A equação virial foi utilizada para representação dos desvios da idealidade da fase vapor. Parâmetros de interação binária para modelos de coeficiente de atividade da fase líquida, representados pelos modelos de Wilson, NRTL e UNIQUAC, foram ajustados para todos os sistemas nas condições estabelecidas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Foram determinadas as curvas de pressão de vapor dos compostos puros formadores dos sistemas cobrindo toda a faixa de pressão entre 250 e 650mmHg
Abstract: This work is a contribution to the study of vapor-liquid equilibrium of pollutant substances, mainly solvents and pesticides. It was studied the vapor-liquid equilibrium of isobaric systems at the pressures of 250 and 650mmHg. The systems were formed by the combination of the binary mixtures of 1,2-Dichloroethane, Trichloroethylene and l-Butanol. The data were obtained in a ebulliometer with liquid and vapor phase recirculation, appropriate to low and middle pressures zones. The quality of the measured P-T-x-y data was verified by applying the thermodynamic consistency test of Van Ness Fredenslund. The virial equation was used for representation of the deviations of vapor phase. The binary interaction parameters for the liquid phase activity coefficients models of Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC have been adjusted for all the systems by maximum likelihood principIe. The vapor pressure curves of the pure compounds of the systems were determined over the pressure zone between 250 and 650mmHg
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química