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Academic literature on the topic 'Organocatalyse – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organocatalyse – Synthèse (chimie)"
Feuillastre, Sophie. "Métathèse et chimie radicalaire : application à la synthèse de molécules d'intérêt biologique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10162.
Full textCarbon-carbon bond formation constitutes a crucial research field in organic chemistry. Among all existing methods, olefin metathesis and radical reactions are particularly attractive ones but were rarely used in a concomitant way. That was the starting point of this PhD work, whose aim was to apply these two reactions to the synthesis of molecules having a potential biological interest. The first topic which was taken up was the use of cross- or enyne metathesis combined with a radical or an Heck cyclization for the synthesis of very valuable compounds : sultams and their spirocyclic derivatives. The second subject allowed the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated lactones bearing an alkyl group at the α position by using for the first time, in a one-pot and sequential manner, photochemistry and ringclosing metathesis. The third study led to cyclopentanol derivatives bearing three contiguous stereocentres by associating organocatalysis and radical cyclization induced by the use of samarium diiodide. Last but not least, a synthetic approach to nhatrangin A, natural compound holding six stereocentres, and total synthesis of (+)-guaymasol were carried out
Declercq, Richard. "Dérivés ambiphiles : synthèse et réactivité dephosphine-borane, réactivité d'un complexe possédant un ligand phosphine-alane." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30228/document.
Full textAmbiphilic derivatives, which possess a Lewis acid (B or Al) and a Lewis base (P), are known for activating small molecules, stabilizing highly reactive species, but also to be used as metal-free catalyst. Because of their different coordination modes, they show different behaviour as ligand for transition metals. This thesis addresses two aspects of ambiphilic derivatives. The first one is about the interaction with small molecules and the organocatalysis, and the second one the coordination and the reactivity of metallic complexes with ambiphilic ligands. The first chapter deals with the synthesis and the reactivity of phosphine-borane which possess an ortho-phenylene backbone. In the first part, compounds with different kind of Lewis base and acid have been synthesized. In a second part, catalytic properties of these derivatives have been evaluated for the reduction of carbon dioxide in presence of borane. These ambiphilic derivatives have revealed themselves as effective organocatalyst for this reaction. In a third part, a mechanistic study have been realised. During this study, a reaction intermediate has been isolated and characterized. This species, which possess a molecule of formaldehyde bridging between the atoms of phosphorus and boron, revealed itself more effective in catalysis that the previous catalyst. Indeed, no induction period has been observed during the reduction of carbon dioxide with this compound. The second chapter relates the reactivity of a Pt complex which possess a phosphine-alane (PAl) type ambiphilic ligand. This complex involving a Pt-->Al interaction, has already shown an interesting reactivity toward dihydrogene. In this chapter, his reactity toward other kind of substrate has been studied. In a first part, the capacity of the PAl-Pt complex to activate a polar N-H bond has been evaluated. A complex coming from the oxidative addition of PhC(O)NH2 over the platinum has been isolated and fully characterized. In a second part, the PAl-Pt complex has been set to react with CE2 (E = O or S) type small molecules, and different coordination modes have been highlighted both in solution and in solid state. In particular a n1 CO2 coordinated complex has been isolated. During this work, the cooperativity of action metal/Lewis acid has been emphases
Giry, Clément. "Vers la synthèse verte d'un nouvel organocatalyseur tensioactif biosourcé : détermination de ses propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0081.
Full textThe development of green chemistry around its twelve principles has changed the way chemists work. The use of water as solvent is evident as it is not toxic, cheap and widely available. However, it is not easy to carry out catalysed organic reactions in water. Indeed, most metalbased catalysts oxidize and become inactive in its presence. Organocatalysis has therefore aroused great interest because of the low toxicity of the employed catalysts as well as their resistance to water and oxidation. In this context, the imidazolidinones developed by D. MacMillan are organocatalysts that can be easily prepared and they can performed, through iminium ion activation, asymmetric catalysis by controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction. Moreover, to achieve a maximum of organic reactions in water, the use of surfactants is essential. They allow the solubilisation of organic reactions in water through the formation of micelles in the core of which the reaction will occur. In order to use only one molecule, work have been done to graft to an organocatalyst to a long carbon chain, giving it surfactant properties. In this context, our study aims to synthesize a new surfactant organocatalyst on which is grafted an imidazolidinone at the end of the hydrophobic chain. The biosourced synthons of this molecule as well as the reaction conditions were chosen so as to respect as much as possible the principles of green chemistry. As the two first synthetic routes did not lead to the desired molecule, the starting synthons were changed, finally allowing the target molecule to be obtained in 10 steps. More than half of the steps have then been reviewed to improve their green aspect. The main improvement of these steps, and one of this thesis’ innovations, was to reduce the use of compounds toxic for Human and/or environment via, in particular, the replacement of some solvents classified carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic (CMR) with a new one: 4-methyltetrahydropyran. For each step, the green metrics were calculated to justify if it was an improvement. Finally, once the targeted molecule obtained, its solubility in water was studied. Its surfactant character was then characterized in order to verify its activity on the surface tension at the water-air interface. The determination of the size of the aggregates formed in water as well as the molecular modeling completed the state of knowledge of the type of self-organized structures realized by this new molecule
Abdou-Mohamed, Amel. "Développement de nouveaux outils en synthèse organique dédiés à la catalyse organique et/ou métallique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0560.
Full textDeveloping sustainable approaches is one of the most important challenge chemists have to face nowadays. Catalysis is one of the fundamental pillars of green chemistry and developing alternative to transition metals would ensure both environmental protection and economic benefit. In that matter, studying the p-bloc elements should meet the scientific community expectations. In that perspective, news boron-based catalysts have been designed and synthesized. The first part of this project focused on the creation of a library of mono-functionalized NHC-boranes with a stereogenic boron atom, formed thanks to a diastereoselective sequence. This part was supplemented by a detailed mechanistic study to rationalize the highly diastereoselective ratio observed in the last step of the synthesis. Secondly, these new chiral NHC-borane platforms was used as precursors of borocations (borenium type) and their use as cationic catalysts in metal-free enantioselective transformations. Finally, their reactivity as frustrated Lewis pair in catalytic reductions (like hydrosilylation or hydrogenation) of unsaturated compound was also explored. At the same time and by taking advantage of the designed platforms, we focused our attention on the formation of diborene compounds, which are species isoelectronic to alkenes. The idea was to use these molecules as chiral-olefin type ligands in metallic complexes and use them in enantioselective catalysis. The formation of new NHC-diborene was undertaken via NHC-borane reduction from various reductive agents, followed by the optimization of the conditions set to isolate and characterized the desired product
Quinonero, Ophélie. "Synthèse organocatalysée énantiosélective de 4-arylpyridines atropoisomères par conversion de chiralité centrale à axiale : application vers la synthèse totale de la streptonigrine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4350.
Full textThis work focused on the development of central-to-axial chirality conversion methodology for the synthesis of 4-arylpyridine atropisomers, and its application in total synthesis. In the first place, synthetic methodology was optimised for the synthesis of enantioenriched and hindered 1,4-dihydropyridines. At this point, the challenge was to find the right compromise between selectivity and reactivity to get enantioenriched dihydropyridines with sufficient bulkiness around the C4 position, for formation of stable 4-arylpyridine atropisomers after conversion of the chiral center (C4) to a chiral axis. A detailed screen was performed to find the optimal oxidation conditions leading to moderate to full chirality conversion. Based on this strategy, the total synthesis of (+)-streptonigrin, a natural product containing a 4-arylpyridine framework, was planned following two main pathways using organocatalytic transformations as key steps
Buttard, Floris. "3-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazines comme plateformes bifonctionnelles pour la synthèse de nouvelles structures tétrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2032.
Full textThe development of new methods for the synthesis of original heterocyclic molecules represents a current concern in organic chemistry, aiming to furnish medicinal chemistry and chemical biology with new chemical tools and contribute to the exploration of chemical space.In this context, the work which was carried out during this PhD thesis focused on the elaboration of new approaches for the synthesis of tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridine scaffolds. The original use of 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines as bifunctional synthetic platforms, able to react both as Michael acceptor and as aza-diene in inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions, is the keystone our methodology is based upon. The development of domino reactions – allowing quick and efficient synthesis of targeted compounds – remaineda perpetual concern evolving along side our preoccupation to access enantioselective transformations relying on organocatalysis.The synthesis of new 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines platforms and the elaboration of domino conjugate addition/cycloadditions and orgonocatalyzed one-pot synthesis strategies enabled to synthetize a wide panelof new diversly substituted tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines compounds
Pinto, Nathalie. "Organocatalyse énantiosélective par les phosphines chirales : synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés et de cycles carbonés par cyclisation [3+2]." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112253.
Full textLn the last decade, the use of trivalent phosphines as nucleophilic organocatalysts has been widely developed, allowing a number of synthetically useful, original transformations to be disclosed. However, only a few enantioselective phosphine promoted reactions have been reported so far. Ln this context, we have been interested in the development of new enantioselective [3+2] cyclisation reactions catalysed by chiral phosphines. The two phosphines which were screened during this study are the (S)-tBu-Binepine and the (S,S)-FerroPHANE. (S)-tBu-Binepine proved to be a good catalyst for the enantioselective [3+2] cyclisations between allenoates and imines bearing a diphenylphosphinoyl unit (DPP) as the nitrogen protecting group. The corresponding pyrrolines were obtained with enantiomeric excesses between 73 and 88%. (S,S)-FerroPHANE was successfully used in the cyclizations between allenes and enones, allowing the highly enantioselective synthesis of a wide variety of functionalized cyclopentenes, including spirocyclic derivatives (e. E. >80%). The same methodology was applied to the synthesis of spirooxindoles by using both Binepine and FerroPHANE as chiral catalysts. Finally, we have carried out the highly diastereo- and enantioselective desymetrisations of prochiral dibenzylidene cyclohexanones by means of organocatalytic [3+2] cyclisations. These studies have demonstrated the high efficiency of chiral phosphines for the enantioselective construction of comple molecular scaffolds, starting from simple and easily available starting material
Gobé, Valérian. "Cyclisations métallo-catalysées pour la synthèse de composés indoliques polycycliques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS057/document.
Full textThe indole ring is one of the most prominent heterocycle in natural products or bioactive compounds. The access to complex structures featuring several cycles, stereogenic centers, is one of the main challenge en route to the discovery of new potentially bioactive structures. During this PhD work, we developed metallo-catalyzed cyclizations of tetrahydro-β-carbolines presenting an unsaturated function to access to complex chiral, polycyclic compounds. The asymmetric organocatalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction was used as a key step for the control of the asymmetry, starting from N-allyl tryptamines and allenaldehydes. The corresponding tetrahydro-β-carbolines were obtained in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses.Several cyclization reactions were developed using these substrates, catalyzed by Pd(0) or Au(I) complexes, furnishing the targeted chiral tetracyclic derivatives. The mechanisms of these reactions, the regio-, chem- and diastereoselectivity of these reactions was studied. The large numbers of compounds that have been obtained via these routes present a large structural diversity that will hopefully lead to important findings in the field of bioactivity determination
Jarrige, Lucie. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse et de fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles par catalyse photorédox et organocatalyse." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS215.
Full textHeterocycles are one of the most important classes of chemical compounds. These structural scaffolds are the key elements of a wide range of natural products with biological or therapeutic activities. As a result, a great deal of research carried out in chemistry is devoted to development of new heterocycle synthesis methods. With a desire to further reduce the environmental footprint of our research, our laboratory aims to develop new methodologies for effective synthesis, more green and environmentally friendly. Thus, my thesis works lie on two themes widely studied in our laboratory that are photoredox catalysis and organocatalysis. In the first part, the use of photoredox catalysis as an efficient tool for the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles is detailed. Original heterocyclic units have thus been prepared in good yields and under mild reaction conditions. The second part is devoted to the synthesis of enantioenriched nitrogen-containing heterocycles through organocatalyzed enantioselective inverse electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reactions. Indeed, the increasing demand of optically pure compounds by the chemical and pharmaceutical industry explains the strong craze for the development of asymmetric synthesis methods. Thus, the developed processes provide new access routes to complex chiral heterocyclic structures with excellent results in terms of efficiency as well as stereoselectivity
Roux, Christèle. "Aux frontières du transfert d'acyle par organocatalyse nucléophile énantiosélective." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4378.
Full textAlongside metallocatalysis and biocatalysis, organocatalysis has emerged as a complementary and powerful tool that can circumvent limitations associated to the use of metals or enzymes. Because of the growing interest for new innovative methodologies useful for complex molecules synthesis, we get interested in the preparation of versatile building blocks present in many bioactive molecules: tetrahydropyrans (THP) and polypropionates. Based on the diastereoselective formation of primary meso diols, our strategy involves an original organocatalyzed desymmetrization of these compounds by asymmetric acyl transfer. This approach allows the enantioselective synthesis of pentasubstituted THP which were valorized through the synthesis of polypropionates bearing four consecutive stereogenic centers. In addition, this new methodology provides cyclic and acyclic scaffolds with several all carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. It represents the first example in organocatalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization by acyl transfer using a chiral dialkylaminopyridine. Although asymmetric organocatalyzed acyl transfer has been widely studied since the late 90s, several investigations are currently underway to access to new chiral nucleophilic catalysts. Following the recent work of Steglich and Vedejs, we were interested in the development of new chiral organocatalysts derived from 1,6-naphthyridine. Their applications in nucleophilic catalysis have then been evaluated in kinetic resolutions of alcohols and in asymmetric Steglich rearrangements