Journal articles: 'Organo-Minerals'

1

Kovacević, Dragana, Jovan Lemić, Milan Damjanović, Radivoj Petronijević, Đorđe Janaćković, and Tanja Stanić. "Fenitrothion adsorption – desorption on organo – minerals." Applied Clay Science 52, no. 1-2 (April 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.02.006.

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Noh, Hye-Ji, Hyang-Hyun Cho, Chul-Kyu Lee, and Hee-Kyong Kim. ""Development of Chemical Fertilizer Substitute Type Organo-Minerals Fertilizer Field effectiveness Evaluation of Organo-Minerals Fertilizers Produced Based on Vitamin for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)." Journal of Chitin and Chitosan 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17642/jcc.21.3.1.

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Siébou Palé, Djibril Yonli, Albert Barro, Mahamoudou Koumbem, Hamidou Traoré, Grégoire Palé, Vara PV Prasad, and Jan B Middendorf. "Assessing the effect of tillage and fertilization on the accumulation of minerals in pearl millet stover." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0826.

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Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] constitutes the third most important cultivated cereal and source of nutrients in Burkina Faso. The study carried out in 2018 and 2019 at the Saria Environment and Agricultural Researches Station aimed to assess the effects of tillage and organo-mineral fertilization on the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover that could be used in animal diets as nutritional supplements. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with a split-plot arrangement of treatments, three replications with four tillage methods assigned to main plots and eight organo-mineral fertilizations to subplots. Results showed that the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover were affected by tillage methods and organo-mineral fertilizations as well as by their interactive effects. Compost associated with mineral fertilizers resulted in higher accumulations of minerals in pearl millet stover. In terms of tillage methods, the results indicated that ploughing and scarifying were more favorable for greater but not varying mineral accumulations compared to manual zaï and tie-ridging.

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Vujakovic, Aleksandra, Aleksandra Dakovic, Jovan Lemic, Ana Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic, and Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic. "Adsorption of inorganic anionic contaminants on surfactant modified minerals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 11 (2003): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0311833v.

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Organo-mineral complexes were obtained by treatment of aluminosilicate minerals (zeolite, bentonite and diatomaceous earth) with a primary amine (oleylamine) and an alkyl ammonium salt (stearyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride). The modification of the zeolite surface was carried out in two steps. The first step was treatment of the zeolite with 2M HCl. This acid treatment of the zeolite increased its affinity for neutral molecules such as surface-active amines. The second step of the modification was the adsorption of oleylamine on the acid treated zeolite. Four types of organo-mineral complexes were prepared and their anion adsorption properties were compared to those of organo-zeolite. The adsorption of sulphate bichromate and dihydrogenphosphate anions on the organo-mineral complexes was investigated. The anion adsorption measurements showed that the most efficient adsorbent for anion water pollutants was the primary amine modified H+-form zeolite.

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Tuchowska, Magdalena, Magdalena Wołowiec, Agnieszka Solińska, Anita Kościelniak, and Tomasz Bajda. "Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds." Minerals 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080483.

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Among the various technologies tested for removing the anionic species resulting from arsenic contamination, sorption methods have received unflagging interest. Being potential sorbent materials, clay minerals modified by cationic surfactants are often examined for this purpose. Among the clay minerals tested, information regarding sorption properties of expanded vermiculite modified with surfactants is scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to prepare organo-vermiculites modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium (HDBA) at surfactant concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cation exchange capacity. Modified sorbents were identified and characterized using the analytical methods that can determine phase composition and textural properties of the samples. The sorption of As(III) and As(V) as a function of initial pH value, initial concentration of As(III, V), and initial dosage of sorbent was investigated. The results show that HDTMA and HDBA affect the properties of raw vermiculite. For instance, increase in the concentration of surfactants is often accompanied by a change in interlayer space or textural properties of vermiculite. It was observed that tested organo-minerals adsorbed As(V) to a greater extent compared to As(III). Various analytical studies were carried out and the results revealed the successful synthesis of organo-vermiculite. Moreover, the study also showed that the structure of organo-vermiculite has a significant impact on the uptake of As(III) and As(V) anions.

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Daab, Matthias, Natalie J. Eichstaedt, Andreas Edenharter, Sabine Rosenfeldt, and Josef Breu. "Layer charge robust delamination of organo-clays." RSC Advances 8, no. 50 (2018): 28797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05318a.

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Weng, Yi-Tse, Chun-Chieh Wang, Cheng-Cheng Chiang, Heng Tsai, Yen-Fang Song, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang, and Biqing Liang. "In situ evidence of mineral physical protection and carbon stabilization revealed by nanoscale 3-D tomography." Biogeosciences 15, no. 10 (May 25, 2018): 3133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3133-2018.

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Abstract. An approach for nanoscale 3-D tomography of organic carbon (OC) and associated mineral nanoparticles was developed to illustrate their spatial distribution and boundary interplay, using synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). The proposed 3-D tomography technique was first applied to in situ observation of a laboratory-made consortium of black carbon (BC) and nanomineral (TiO2, 15 nm), and its performance was evaluated using dual-scan (absorption contrast and phase contrast) modes. This novel tool was then successfully applied to a natural OC–mineral consortium from mountain soil at a spatial resolution of 60 nm, showing the fine structure and boundary of OC, the distribution of abundant nano-sized minerals, and the 3-D organo-mineral association in situ. The stabilization of 3500-year-old natural OC was mainly attributed to the physical protection of nano-sized iron (Fe)-containing minerals (Fe oxyhydroxides including ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite), and the strong organo-mineral complexation. In situ evidence revealed an abundance of mineral nanoparticles, in dense thin layers or nano-aggregates/clusters, instead of crystalline clay-sized minerals on or near OC surfaces. The key working minerals for C stabilization were reactive short-range-order (SRO) mineral nanoparticles and poorly crystalline submicron-sized clay minerals. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the studied OC was not merely in crisscross co-localization with reactive SRO minerals; there could be a significant degree of binding between OC and the minerals. The ubiquity and abundance of mineral nanoparticles on the OC surface, and their heterogeneity in the natural environment may have been severely underestimated by traditional research approaches. Our in situ description of organo-mineral interplay at the nanoscale provides direct evidence to substantiate the importance of mineral physical protection for the long-term stabilization of OC. This high-resolution 3-D tomography approach is a promising tool for generating new insight into the interior 3-D structure of micro-aggregates, the in situ interplay between OC and minerals, and the fate of mineral nanoparticles (including heavy metals) in natural environments.

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Riebe, Beate, Stefan Dultz, and Claus Bunnenberg. "Temperature effects on iodine adsorption on organo-clay minerals." Applied Clay Science 28, no. 1-4 (January 2005): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2004.01.004.

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9

Dultz, Stefan, Beate Riebe, and Claus Bunnenberg. "Temperature effects on iodine adsorption on organo-clay minerals." Applied Clay Science 28, no. 1-4 (January 2005): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2004.01.005.

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10

Seliem, Moaaz K., Sridhar Komarneni, Yunchul Cho, Taesook Lim, M. G. Shahien, A. A. Khalil, and I. M. Abd El-Gaid. "Organosilicas and organo-clay minerals as sorbents for toluene." Applied Clay Science 52, no. 1-2 (April 2011): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.02.024.

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11

Egwunatum, Anselm Enwelem, Patience Ndidi Emilimor, Nneka Sophia Emma-Otum, and Alukwe Doreen. "Evaluation of organo-mineral qualities of combusted compost floor litters in Achalla forest reserve on early growth responses of Dacryodes edulis H. J. Lam." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 13, no. 1 (August 22, 2023): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v13i1.67953.

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This study evaluated the potential of compost-combusted forest litters as alternative sources of ex-situ organo-mineral products to the direct use of controlled fire for enhanced soil nutrients in forest stands. Floor litters from six (6) delineated standing forest patches of Pterocarpus erinaceus, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Bambusa vulgaris, Ceiba pentandra and Mangifera indica were characterized for N, K, P, Ca and Mg; composted for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days and then uniformly combusted to produce organo-minerals for early growth response of Dacryodes edulis in a 6 x 4 split-plot factorial experiment. Analysis of variance was conducted for litter characteristics, calorific values, moisture, ash contents, and germination and growth variables of Dacryodes edulis while significant means were separated with DMRT (p ≥ 0.05). Results showed that Mangifera had the highest P (0.68%) and K (1.15%); Bamboo had the highest N (1.92%). Germination was 6>9>12> 3 days with Bamboo > Ceiba > Teak > Mangifera > Gmelina > Pterocarpus for 6 days organo-minerals, but the highest height (21.56 ± 6.77 cm) by Pterocarpus to implicate litters under microbe-thermal mediation as sustainable organo-mineral ex-situ products to combat incidence of forest fire for fertile forest soil. Thus, in-situ controlled fire in standing forests is no longer needed for nutrient-rich forest-agriculture. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 31-37, June 2023

12

Gu, B., and L. E. Lowe. "Observations on the effect of a soil polysaccharide fraction on boron adsorption by clay minerals." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-053.

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Complexes formed by coating a soil polysaccharide fraction on illite, montmorillonite and kaolinite, substantially reduced boron adsorption by the clay minerals at approximately neutral pH. This suggests that boron retention in soils is influenced by the occurrence of stable polysaccharide-clay complexes. Key words: boron adsorption, organo-clay complex, soil polysaccharide

13

Lao, Hongbai, Sylvie Latieule, and Christian Detellier. "Molecular recognition in microporous organo-minerals. Shape-specific interactions of carbon dioxide in functionalized organo-montmorillonite microcavities." Chemistry of Materials 3, no. 6 (November 1991): 1009–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00018a011.

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14

Albanis, T. A., T. G. Danis, and P. J. Pomonis. "Separation of chlorophenols using columns of hydroxyaluminium interlayered clays." Clay Minerals 32, no. 1 (March 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1997.032.1.15.

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Clay minerals play an important role in the retention, transport and chemistry of organic micropollutants in soils. There has been considerable recent interest in modelling and designing modified clays as adsorbents and catalysts for the removal of contaminants from waste waters (McBride et al., 1977; Mortland et al., 1986; Boyd et al., 1988). Organo-clays have been used as chromatographic stationary phases over the past three decades. White (1957) and Barrer & Hampton (1957) used alkylammonium montmorillonites as stationary phases and determined the selective retention of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to paraffins, naphthalenes and xylenes. Until now only organo-clays have received attention as chromatographic stationary phases (McAtee & Robbins, 1980) while their pillared variants have been totally ignored.

15

Volzone, Cristina, Norma Gallegos, Carlos Cantera, and Alberto Greco. "Uptake of acid black 210 dye by organo-montmorillonite clay minerals." European Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.4.4.366-369.862.

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16

Kim, Joo Young, Sridhar Komarneni, Robert Parette, Fred Cannon, and Hiroaki Katsuki. "Perchlorate uptake by synthetic layered double hydroxides and organo-clay minerals." Applied Clay Science 51, no. 1-2 (January 2011): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.025.

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17

Torqueti, Sabrina Thereza dos Santos, Karina Volpi Furtini Boldrin, Ângela Maria Pereira do Nascimento, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Antônio Eduardo Furtini Neto, and Iracema Clara Alves Luz. "Alternative potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 3 (June 2016): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016403036115.

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ABSTRACT Brazil is dependent on importation of fertilizers, especially the potassics. Rocks and minerals that contain nutrients have a potential for use in agriculture as fertilizer, especially those of slow solubilization and that exhibit residual effect. In this context, the objective was to assess the feasibility of glauconite rock as potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions arranged in an entirely randomized design, in a 4x4 + 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Four glauconite-based fertilizers were used as a potassium source: fine grained glauconite, fine grained organo-mineral glauconite, coarse grained glauconite and coarse grained organo-mineral glauconite, in four doses, as well as an additional treatment with four doses of KCl, the principal conventional source of the nutrient. The height of the flower stalks, the diameter of the stem and floral capitulum, the number of cultivation days and post-harvest durability were evaluated. The application of KCl yielded the production of flower stems with greater height and larger capitulum diameter in relation to the supply of glauconite. Among the glauconite based fertilizers, the fine grained organo-mineral product provided the best flower charateristics. The postharvest commercial durability of the flower stalks was higher in plants that received the glauconite and fine grained organo-mineral glauconite. The fine grained organo-mineral glauconite surpasses all other alternative sources of potassium in relation to the agronomic characteristics evaluated.

18

Galan, E. "Properties and applications of palygorskite-sepiolite clays." Clay Minerals 31, no. 4 (December 1996): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1996.031.4.01.

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AbstractThe palygorskite-sepiolite group of clay minerals has a wide range of industrial applications derived mainly from its sorptive, rheological and catalytic properties which are based on the fabric, surface area, porosity, crystal morphology, structure and composition of these minerals. For assessing potential industrial uses, the mineralogical and chemical composition of the clay and its basic physical and physico-chemical parameters must be determined. Then some particular properties of commercial interest can be modified and improved by appropriate thermal, mechanical and acid treatments, surface active agents, organo-mineral derivatives formation, etc. In this paper, a revision of the principal characteristics of commercial palygorskite-sepiolite clays is presented, and potential uses are suggested according to these data. New products and applications are being investigated and those concerning environmental protection in particular, are noted. Finally, possible health effects of these elongate clay minerals are discussed.

19

Wójcik-Bania, Monika, and Jakub Matusik. "The Effect of Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonite on the Cross-Linking Efficiency of Polysiloxanes." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102623.

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Polymer–clay mineral composites are an important class of materials with various applications in the industry. Despite interesting properties of polysiloxanes, such matrices were rarely used in combination with clay minerals. Thus, for the first time, a systematic study was designed to investigate the cross-linking efficiency of polysiloxane networks in the presence of 2 wt % of organo-montmorillonite. Montmorillonite (Mt) was intercalated with six quaternary ammonium salts of the cation structure [(CH3)2R’NR]+, where R = C12, C14, C16, and R’ = methyl or benzyl substituent. The intercalation efficiency was examined by X-ray diffraction, CHN elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Textural studies have shown that the application of freezing in liquid nitrogen and freeze-drying after the intercalation increases the specific surface area and the total pore volume of organo-Mt. The polymer matrix was a poly(methylhydrosiloxane) cross-linked with two linear vinylsiloxanes of different siloxane chain lengths between end functional groups. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies have shown that the increase in d-spacing of organo-Mt and the benzyl substituent influence the degree of nanofillers’ exfoliation in the nanocomposites. The increase in the degree of organo-Mt exfoliation reduces the efficiency of hydrosilylation reaction monitored by FTIR. This was due to physical hindrance induced by exfoliated Mt particles.

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Wei, Chao Xian, and Ni Liang. "Sorption of Phenanthrene by Dissolved Organic Matters and their Complex with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.489.

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The environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has attracted great research attention. However, their sorption mechanisms in organo-mineral complexes are still not specific enough. Batch sorption experiments with humic acid (HA) were carried out with iron oxide and their complexes adsorption phenanthrene (PHE) to determine the adsorption characteristics and mechanisms in this study. These results showed that the weakly polar and aromatic fractions of DOM preferentially adsorbed on the surface of iron oxide minerals. The organic matter (OM) binding on the surface of iron oxide played an important role for the adsorption of PHE, where van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic bonding, with ligand exchange at an electrified interface being the dominant reaction of HA adsorption to mineral. The sorption of PHE on organo-mineral complexes was controlled by π-π interactions and hydrophobic interactions.

21

Ymeti, Irena, Dhruba Pikha Shrestha, and Freek van der Meer. "Monitoring Soil Surface Mineralogy at Different Moisture Conditions Using Visible Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212526.

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The soil minerals determine essential soil properties such as the cation exchange capacity, texture, structure, and their capacity to form bonds with organic matter. Any alteration of these organo-mineral interactions due to the soil moisture variations needs attention. Visible near-infrared imaging spectroscopy is capable of assessing spectral soil constituents that are responsible for the organo-mineral interactions. In this study, we hypothesized that the alterations of the surface soil mineralogy occur due to the moisture variations. For eight weeks, under laboratory conditions, imaging spectroscopy data were collected on a 72 h basis for three Silty Loam soils varying in the organic matter (no, low and high) placed at the drying-field capacity, field capacity and waterlogging-field capacity treatments. Using the Spectral Information Divergence image classifier, the image area occupied by the Mg-clinochlore, goethite, quartz coated 50% by goethite, hematite dimorphous with maghemite was detected and quantified (percentage). Our results showed these minerals behaved differently, depending on the soil type and soil treatment. While for the soils with organic matter, the mineralogical alterations were evident at the field capacity state, for the one with no organic matter, these changes were insignificant. Using imaging spectroscopy data on the Silty Loam soil, we showed that the surface mineralogy changes over time due to the moisture conditions.

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Yu, Xin Yang, Liu Yin Xia, Shuai Wang, and Hong Zhong. "The Synthesis of Novel Organosilicon Collector QAS222 and its Flotation Performance on Aluminosilicate Minerals." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2113.

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In the article the organosilicon Quaternary Ammonium surfactant QAS222 was synthesized by one step reaction from silicane coupling agent and dodecyl amine, and its collecting ability to aluminosilicate minerals was investigated. The results showed that the percent conversion of dodecyl amine was more than 95% and the content of novel organosilicon in the production was about 96.53% when reaction was conducted at 80°C for 37 hours, with silicane coupling agent: N, N-Dimethyl dodecyl amine: KI=1.1:1:0.01 by the molar ratio, using anhydrous ethanol as solvent, protecting the reacting system with N2. The synthesizing technology was brief, efficient with low cost and easy to operate and industrialize. The flotation tests indicated that the organosilicon surfactant QAS222 was an effective collector for aluminosilicate minerals in whole pulp pH, by which the kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite minerals could be floated well. It provided a good way for application preparation of organo-silicon compounds.

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Gürses, Ahmet, and Elif Şahin. "Preparation of Melamine Formaldehyde Foam and a Melamine-Formaldehyde-Organo-Clay Nanocomposite and Hybrid Composites." Minerals 13, no. 11 (November 2, 2023): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13111407.

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Mineral fillers can be added to thermoset polymers to improve thermal conductivity and deformation behavior, shrinkage, impact strength, dimensional stability and molding cycle time. This study aims to prepare various hybrid composites (MFHCs) using melamine formaldehyde foam (MF), a melamine formaldehyde organo-clay nanocomposite (MFNC) and also pumice as primary filler, and gypsum, kaolinite and a hollow glass sphere as secondary filler. It also focuses on the study of some mechanical properties and thermal conductivities, as well as their microscopic and spectroscopic characterization. For this, firstly, organo-clay was prepared with the solution intercalation method using montmorillonite, a cationic surfactant and long-chain hydrocarbon material, and then was produced using a melamine formaldehyde nanocomposite with in situ synthesis using a melamine formaldehyde pre-polymer and organo-clay. Finally, hybrid composites were prepared by blending various minerals and the produced nanocomposite. For morphological and textural characterization, both FTIR spectroscopy and XRD spectra, as well as SEM and HRTEM images of the raw montmorillonite (MMT), organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), pure polymer (MF) and prepared hybrid composites, were used. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses have shown that materials with different textural arrangements and properties are obtained depending on effective adhesion interactions between polymer–clay nanocomposite particles and filler grains. Mechanical and thermal conductivity test results showed that melamine-formaldehyde-organo-clay nanocomposite foam (MFCNC) exhibited a very good thermal insulation performance despite its weak mechanical strength (λ: 0.0640 W/m K). On the other hand, among hybrid composites, it has been determined that the hybrid composite containing hollow glass beads (MFCPHHC) is a material with superior properties in terms of thermal insulation and mechanical strength (λ: 0.642 W/m K, bulk density: 0.36 g/cm3, bending strength: 228.41 Mpa, modulus of elasticity: 2.22 Mpa and screw holding resistance: 3.59 N/mm2).

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Koh, Sang-Mo, and Joe Boris Dixon. "Preparation and application of organo-minerals as sorbents of phenol, benzene and toluene." Applied Clay Science 18, no. 3-4 (March 2001): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-1317(00)00040-5.

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Kumari, Neeraj, Chandra Mohan, and Arvind Negi. "An Investigative Study on the Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Clay-Based PVC Polymer Composite Films." Polymers 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15081922.

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The present study aims to explore the impact of pristine and surfactant-modified clays (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite) on the thermomechanical properties of a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer film. Initially, clay was modified by employing the ion exchange method. The modification of clay minerals was confirmed by the XRD pattern and thermogravimetric analysis. Pristine PVC polymer film and clay (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite)-based PVC polymer composite films were fabricated using solution casting. The ideal dispersion of surfactant-modified organo-clays was observed in the PVC polymer matrix due to the hydrophobic nature of modified clays. The resultant pure polymer film and clay polymer composite film were characterized using XRD and TGA, and their mechanical properties were determined using a tensile strength tester and Durometer. From the XRD pattern, the intercalation of the PVC polymer film was found in the interlayer of organo-clay while exfoliation or partial intercalation and exfoliation were observed for pristine clay mineral-based PVC polymer composite films. Thermal analysis indicated a lowering of the decomposition temperature of the composite film as clay promotes the thermal degradation temperature of PVC. Improvement in the tensile strength and hardness was found to be more frequent in the case of organo-clay-based PVC polymer films, which is only due to the hydrophobic nature of organ clays, resulting in greater compatibility with the polymer matrix.

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Kyryliuk, V. P. "Formation of the weed component of seads after the effect of long-term cultivation of soil." Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 1, no. 94 (May 22, 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.94.32-37.

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The results of investigations of the influence of the long application of systems of main soil and fertilizer treatment on the quantitative indices of the weed component of soybean agrocenosis are described. The research was conducted in the four-field crop rotation of stationary experience in 2009-2016. It was found that the unploded system of main treatment compared with the plow, led to an increase in the number of weeds by 89% in mineral fertilizers and 104% in the organo-mineral. Vegetative crude mass of weeds on unplugged systems increased, comparatively with plow, on the background of mineral fertilizers by 46% and 44% on organo-mineral. Against the background of mineral fertilizers, the total number of weeds was less than in the organomineral at 36%, vegetative crude mass - less by 18%. In non-branch systems, the number of species increased in comparison with the plow by 20% against the background of minerals and by 18% against the background of organo-mineral fertilizers. On both fertilizer backgrounds, there is a steady increase in the number of mature and wintering species in non-seeded systems. The most common species of weed - bluish weed - 49% of the total weed in the background of mineral fertilizers and 45% on the background of organomineral. In total 13 species of weed have been detected in agrocenosis. The most favorable for soya phytosanitary state of crops, both in the background of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers, was created under the plow system of the main soil cultivation, which included discarding the stubble of the predecessor on 10-12 sm immediately afterwards at abrupt rumbling and sputum at 25-27 sm in 10-12 days.

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Yang, Fan, Zibo Xu, Yuandong Huang, Daniel C. W. Tsang, Yong Sik Ok, Ling Zhao, Hao Qiu, Xiaoyun Xu, and Xinde Cao. "Stabilization of dissolvable biochar by soil minerals: Release reduction and organo-mineral complexes formation." Journal of Hazardous Materials 412 (June 2021): 125213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125213.

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Li, Huan, Zhenmin Hu, Qing Wan, Bing Mu, Guifei Li, and Yiyang Yang. "Integrated Application of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer Enhances Soil Organo-Mineral Associations and Nutrients in Tea Garden Soil." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061330.

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Soil quality is one of the main factors that affect the growth and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantations. The formation of the organo-mineral complex is one of the critical factors that influence the evolution of soil fertility. This study used chemical analyses and spectroscopy to study the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer on the soil nutrients and organo-mineral complex in tea garden soil. SR-FTIR analysis revealed that clay minerals were connected as nuclei with the capacity to bind carbon, and that this interaction was aided by organic fertilization. Specifically, the O-H has the quickest reaction to aliphatic-C, next by Si-O, Fe-O, and Al-O in OM70. The soil pH of organic and inorganic fertilization treatments are obviously lower than the no fertilization (CK) treatment. Furthermore, OM70 and OM100 had notably higher pH values in fertilized soil. Organic fertilization (OM70) treatment significantly increased Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorous, potassium (AP, AK), as well as the concentration of total and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ in soils when compared to no fertilization (CK) and inorganic fertilization (NPK). Together, these results can provide the scientific theoretical basis for the study on the understanding of the sequestration of SOM and confirmed the feasibility of organic fertilization in improving soil fertility and supporting organo-mineral interactions, thereby making a contribution to carbon storage in tea plantation ecosystems.

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Chen, Chunmei, and Donald L. Sparks. "Multi-elemental scanning transmission X-ray microscopy–near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy assessment of organo–mineral associations in soils from reduced environments." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14042.

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Environmental context Organo–mineral associations represent a fundamental process for stabilising organic carbon in soils. In this study, we employed scanning transmission X-ray microscopy–near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS) spectroscopy at C, Al and Si K-edges as well as Ca and Fe L-edges to conduct submicrometre-level investigations of the associations of C with mineral components in soils from reduced environments. This study provides the first insights into organo–mineral associations in reduced environments and shows progress towards examining, at the submicrometre level, compositional chemistry and associative interactions between organic matter and soil mineral components. Abstract Organo–mineral associations represent a fundamental process for stabilising organic carbon (OC) in soils. However, direct investigation of organo–mineral associations has been hampered by a lack of methods that can simultaneously characterise organic matter (OM) and soil minerals, and most investigations have focussed only on well drained soils. In this study, we employed scanning transmission X-ray microscopy–near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS) spectroscopy at C, Al and Si K-edges as well as Ca and Fe L-edges to conduct submicrometre-level investigations of the associations of C with mineral components in soils from reduced environments. Soils were collected from a forest footslope that is periodically poorly drained as well as a waterlogged wetland. OM was coated on mineral particles as thin films. Part of the mineral surface did not show detectable OM coverage with OC loadings of ≥1.3mg C m–2 determined for the clay fractions from these soils. C was not preferentially associated with Fe oxides in the footslope soil. A generally good C–Ca association was found in the anoxic wetland soil, which is free of Fe oxides. It was demonstrated for the first time that OM composition varied spatially at the submicrometre scale in the reduced soils free of Fe oxides. The composition of OM in the organo–mineral interface in the anoxic environments was highly complex and composed of aromatic, phenolic, aliphatic, carboxyl, carboxylamide and O-alkyl C functional groups. There was no consistent pattern for the association of certain types of organics with specific mineral components in both soils. The anoxic conditions resulted in the reduction of Fe in the aluminosilicates. This study provides the first insights into organo–mineral associations in reduced environments.

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Liang, Ni, Di Zhang, and Min Wu. "Adsorption of Phenanthrene and Bisphenol A on Organo-Nano Iron Oxide Complexes." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1793.

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Organo-mineral complexes are important in regulating the transport and retention of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils/sediments. Humic acid will be fractionated during adsorption on mineral. This study examined the sorption of model compounds with different properties (tannin acid, gallic acid, fumaric acid sodium and sodium oleate) on nanoiron oxide minerals and determined the sorption of phenanthrene and Bisphenol A on these organooxide complexes. The results showed that the sorption of model compounds on nanoFe2O3 followed the order of O > T > G> F. The higher adsorption of O and T was likely attributed to their higher molecule weight. The sorption of PHE and BPA on organomineral complexes was controlled by hydrophobic interactions. HOCs will adsorb preferentially on hydrophobic aliphatic compositions of organic matter.

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Poirier, Vincent, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Jérôme Balesdent, Daniel Borschneck, Joann K. Whalen, and Denis A. Angers. "Organo-Mineral Interactions Are More Important for Organic Matter Retention in Subsoil Than Topsoil." Soil Systems 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4010004.

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Decomposing crop residues contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) accrual; however, the factors driving the fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil fractions are still largely unknown, especially the influence of soil mineralogy and autochthonous organic matter concentration. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate the retention of C and N from crop residue in the form of occluded and mineral-associated SOM in topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (30–70 cm) previously incubated for 51 days with 13C-15N-labelled corn residues, and (2) to explore if specific minerals preferentially control the retention of residue-derived C and N in topsoil and subsoil. We used topsoil and subsoil having similar texture and mineralogy as proxies for soils being rich (i.e., topsoil) and poor (i.e., subsoil) in autochthonous organic matter. We performed a sequential density fractionation procedure and measured residue-derived C and N in occluded and mineral-associated SOM fractions, and used X-ray diffraction analysis of soil density fractions to investigate their mineralogy. In accordance with our hypothesis, the retention of C and N from crop residue through organo-mineral interactions was greater in subsoil than topsoil. The same minerals were involved in the retention of residue-derived organic matter in topsoil and subsoil, but the residue-derived organic matter was associated with a denser fraction in the subsoil (i.e., 2.5–2.6 g cm−3) than in the topsoil (i.e., 2.3–2.5 g cm−3). In soils and soil horizons with high clay content and reactive minerals, we find that a low SOM concentration leads to the rapid stabilization of C and N from newly added crop residues.

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Seliem, Moaaz K., S. Komarneni, R. Parette, H. Katsuki, F. S. Cannon, M. G. Shahien, A. A. Khalil, and I. M. Abd El-Gaid. "Perchlorate uptake by organosilicas, organo-clay minerals and composites of rice husk with MCM-48." Applied Clay Science 53, no. 4 (October 2011): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.012.

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YLI-HALLA, M., D. L. MOKMA, and L. P. WILDING. "Formation of a cultivated spodosol in east-central Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 15, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960606777245560.

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The processes involved in Spodosol (Podzol) formation are still being debated. The pedogenic processes in a Spodosol, 10,700 years-old, at Sotkamo that has been cultivated for about 50 years were studied by characterizing the morphology and analyzing the major chemical properties, texture and mineralogy. Before cultivation, organic acids produced by decomposition of organic matter from pine litter in O and A horizons had weathered primary minerals in A and E horizons releasing Al and Fe. Percolating waters moved the organo-metallic complexes from A and E horizons to Bhsm and Bs horizons where the complexes coated and bridged sand grains eventually forming cemented ortstein. Because of the high biotite content of the parent material, the index of accumulation of Fe and Al in the Bhsm horizon (Al + 0.5 Fe = 4.1%) was the highest reported in Spodosols of Finland. The data support the theory of downward movement of Al and Fe as organo-metallic complexes with formation of some ferrihydrite but little or no formation of imogolite type materials. Little, if any, podzolization has likely occurred since the initiation of cultivation because, after agricultural liming and consequent increase of pH in the Ap horizon, organic compounds are likely to chelate Ca and Mg rather than Al and Fe.;

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Phothitontimongkol, Theeradit, Nina Siebers, Nipaka Sukpirom, and Fuangfa Unob. "Preparation and characterization of novel organo-clay minerals for Hg(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solution." Applied Clay Science 43, no. 3-4 (March 2009): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.09.016.

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Pan, Yun Feng, Ya Qing Jiang, and Si Jia Zhang. "Study on the Effect of Condensate-Type and Copolymer-Type Combined Superplasticizers on Hydration of Cement." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.360.

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For the limitation of single-component superplasticizer, condensate-type and copolymer-type combined superplasticizers were prepared. The adsorption of compound superplasticizers on cement paste was tested by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measurement. Influences of superplasticizers on early hydration process of cement and Organo-mineral phase formation were studied by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope analysis (SEM) and so on. The results show that owing to the electrostatic repulsion and steric effect cooperative mechanism, condensate-type and copolymer-type combined superplasticizers reduce the superplasticizers adsorption in cement minerals and its hydration products surface, delay the process of hydration of C3A, form Organic-Layered double hydroxides (LDH), increase the early chemical shrinkage and promote the growth of cement early hydration and Ettringite

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Galicia-Andrés, Edgar, Chris Oostenbrink, Martin H. Gerzabek, and Daniel Tunega. "On the Adsorption Mechanism of Humic Substances on Kaolinite and Their Microscopic Structure." Minerals 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101138.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) and various inorganic minerals represent key components of soils. During pedogenesis and due to biological activity these species interact, having a crucial impact on the formation of an aggregated soil structure with a hierarchical arrangement from nano to macro scale. In this process, the formation of organo–mineral microaggregates represents a dominant factor affecting soil functions and properties. This study focuses on the interactions between humic substances (HSs) and the mineral kaolinite as typical representatives of SOM and soil minerals. By performing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on models of HSs and kaolinite, we demonstrate how two dominant but chemically different kaolinite surfaces affect the stability of HSs microaggregates. By analyzing volumetric, structural, and energetic properties of SOM–kaolinite models, we explain possible mechanisms of the formation of stable SOM–clay aggregates and show how a polarized environment affects the electrostatic interactions, stabilizing the microscopic structure of SOM–mineral aggregates. Our results showed that when stable aggregates of HSs are confined in kaolinite nanopores, their interactions with kaolinite surfaces disintegrate them into smaller subaggregates. These subaggregates are adsorbed more strongly on the polar aluminol surface of kaolinite compared to less the active hydrophobic siloxane surface.

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Rosendo-González, Verónica, Javier Illescas, María del Carmen Díaz-Nava, Yolanda Alvarado-Pérez, and José Juan García-Sánchez. "Synthesis and characterization of clay nanocomposites based on starch." MRS Advances 4, no. 59-60 (2019): 3243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.403.

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ABSTRACTIn this work, the synthesis of starch-clay nanocomposites was carried out. For this purpose, natural starch was extracted from rice grains and it was characterized by structural and spectrophotometric techniques. Afterwards, it was used as the polymer matrix for the synthesis of nanocomposites crosslinked with different agents: glycerol, citric acid (CA) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). As a reinforcement phase, a natural Mexican clay from the Montmorillonite-type (Mt), was employed, which was modified with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), in order to exchange cations, present in the interlaminar spaces of the raw clay mineral with those of the cationic surfactant; thus, changing its nature from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Characterization, of both natural and organo-modified clays, was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine the change in morphology between these two minerals; X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), to obtain the crystalline structure of the organo-modified clay and that of the raw clay mineral (Mt). Also, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to determine materials spectra, and their thermal stability was evaluated by means of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). On the other hand, the synthesis of these nanocomposites was performed using different crosslinking agents, glycerol, CA or STMP, in order to identify the effect of them into the final properties of these materials.

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Wang, Yongzhuang, Joann K. Whalen, Xin Chen, Yanhong Cao, Bin Huang, Caiyan Lu, and Yi Shi. "Mechanisms for altering phosphorus sorption characteristics induced by low-molecular-weight organic acids." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0068.

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Exudation of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) from plant roots enhances phosphorus (P) acquisition from soil, either by dissolving P fixed in secondary minerals or by reducing P sorption to organo-minerals. How LMWOAs may modify P sorption in soils with contrasting pH is not well understood, much less the mechanisms involved. The effects of three common LMWOAs (oxalic, citric, and malic acids) on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acidic soils were studied in batch experiments, followed by sequential P fractionation to elucidate the mechanisms whereby LMWOAs alter P sorption. The sorption data of the three soils fitted better to the Freundlich equation (r2 = 0.325–0.994, P < 0.05) than the Langmuir and linear equations. Oxalic, citric, and malic acids at 10 mmol kg−1 soil decreased the Freundlich P sorption parameters Kf and n, which represent P sorption capacity and energy, due to the fact that LMWOAs reduced P sorption in NaHCO3-Pi (soil soluble and exchangeable Pi, 23.8–30.9%) and NaOH-Pi (Fe-Pi and Al-Pi, 21.6–54.2%) fractions of the three soils. Comparing acidified P-LMWOAs solutions with the pH-adjusted P-LMWOAs solutions (pH = 7) had a minor effect on P sorption. Our results indicated that the reduction in soil P sorption was due to ligand exchange and chelation of LMWOAs with Fe and Al minerals, and the acid strength of LMWOAs had a minor effect on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils.

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Lo, Irene Man-Chi. "Optimization in thickness of a liner composed of claymax® and organo-clay." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1996): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0650.

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Present design philosophy reflects the uncertainty about the long-term effectiveness of liner systems by incorporating redundancy in the barrier layers through the concurrent use of both geosynthetic and clay minerals. A possible reason may be the lack of an engineering based design procedure for liners and a lack of a suitable optimization model which can be used to predict liner performance. In this study, Claymax® and Organo-Clay are chosen to be the liner materials because of their low hydraulic conductivity and high sorption capacity, respectively. The simulation model “Pollute 3.3” is combined with the Generalized Reduced Gradient Methods “GRG2” code to form an optimization model. The objective of this optimization model is to provide a tool for engineers to design a liner of reasonable thickness that protects the environment and maximizes disposal space. It was found that the total liner thickness is dependent on the sorption capacities of chemicals, equivalent hydraulic conductivities, and the geometry of a landfill.

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Nwite, J., B. Eneruvie, and S. Nwafor. "Impact of Organo Minerals and Their Integrated Forms on Soil Fertility and Maize Productivity in Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 5, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2016/15192.

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Polyakov, Vyacheslav, Alexey Petrov, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Micromorphological Characteristics of Fallow, Pyrogenic, Arable Soils of Central Part of Yakutia." Soil Systems 6, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6030068.

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The assessment of the micromorphological characteristics of soils is a powerful tool for studying the transformation of soils under the influence of various weathering mechanisms (physical, biogenic). The central part of Yakutia is characterized by a large area of agricultural lands, some of which has become fallow land and is subject to cryogenic processes, fires and anthropogenic impact. Under the conditions of climate change, the fallow soils of Yakutia can be re-involved in the agricultural complex. To study their state, a method of micromorphological investigation of thin soil sections is proposed. Thin sections of soils were analyzed using a polarizing microscope Leica DM750P. As a result of the work, zonal, fallow, pyrogenic and agricultural soils of the central part of Yakutia were analyzed. The soils were found to be in a degraded state. Zonal soils were characterized by the presence of quartz grains, feldspar, and undecomposed plant tissue, as well as biogenically transformed humus. Fallow soils were characterized by a thick organo-mineral (A) horizon, quartz grains, feldspar, and silty-clay plasma. Pyrogenic soils have differences from natural and fallow soils; as a result of fires and active illuviation of organo-mineral substances. The Anthrosol soils were characterized by a large number of aggregates of various sizes. In their composition there were various minerals, such as quartz, feldspar and mica. The signs of soil cryogenesis were noted only in the underlying horizons (B), while the upper horizon (A) had no signs of cryogenic transformation.

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Undabeytia, Tomas, Uri Shuali, Shlomo Nir, and Baruch Rubin. "Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides." Minerals 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010009.

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This review deals with modification of montmorillonite and other clay-minerals and clays by interacting them with organic cations, for producing slow release formulations of herbicides, and efficient removal of pollutants from water by filtration. Elaboration is on incorporating initially the organic cations in micelles and liposomes, then producing complexes denoted micelle- or liposome-clay nano-particles. The material characteristics (XRD, Freeze-fracture electron microscopy, adsorption) of the micelle– or liposome–clay complexes are different from those of a complex of the same composition (organo-clay), which is formed by interaction of monomers of the surfactant with the clay-mineral, or clay. The resulting complexes have a large surface area per weight; they include large hydrophobic parts and (in many cases) have excess of a positive charge. The organo-clays formed by preadsorbing organic cations with long alkyl chains were also addressed for adsorption and slow release of herbicides. Another examined approach includes “adsorptive” clays modified by small quaternary cations, in which the adsorbed organic cation may open the clay layers, and consequently yield a high exposure of the siloxane surface for adsorption of organic compounds. Small scale and field experiments demonstrated that slow release formulations of herbicides prepared by the new complexes enabled reduced contamination of ground water due to leaching, and exhibited enhanced herbicidal activity. Pollutants removed efficiently from water by the new complexes include (i) hydrophobic and anionic organic molecules, such as herbicides, dissolved organic matter; pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and non-steroidal drugs; (ii) inorganic anions, e.g., perchlorate and (iii) microorganisms, such as bacteria, including cyanobacteria (and their toxins). Model calculations of adsorption and kinetics of filtration, and estimation of capacities accompany the survey of results and their discussion.

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Xiao, Jian, Xinhua He, Jialong Hao, Ying Zhou, Lirong Zheng, Wei Ran, Qirong Shen, and Guanghui Yu. "New strategies for submicron characterization the carbon binding of reactive minerals in long-term contrasting fertilized soils: implications for soil carbon storage." Biogeosciences 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2016): 3607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3607-2016.

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Abstract. Mineral binding is a major mechanism for soil carbon (C) stabilization. However, the submicron information about the in situ mechanisms of different fertilization practices affecting organo-mineral complexes and associated C preservation remains unclear. Here, we applied nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to examine differentiating effects of inorganic versus organic fertilization on interactions between highly reactive minerals and soil C preservation. To examine such interactions, soils and their extracted colloids were collected during a 24-year long-term fertilization period (1990–2014) (no fertilization, control; chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization, NPK; and NPK plus swine manure fertilization, NPKM). The results for different fertilization conditions showed a ranked soil organic matter concentration with NPKM > NPK > control. Meanwhile, oxalate-extracted Al (Alo), Fe (Feo), short-range ordered Al (Alxps), Fe (Fexps), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranked with NPKM > control > NPK, but the ratios of DOC ∕ Alxps and DOC ∕ Fexps ranked with NPKM > NPK > control. Compared with the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatment enhanced the C-binding loadings of Al and Fe minerals in soil colloids at the submicron scale. Furthermore, a greater concentration of highly reactive Al and Fe minerals was presented under NPKM than under NPK. Together, these submicron-scale findings suggest that both the reactive mineral species and their associations with C are differentially affected by 24-year long-term inorganic and organic fertilization.

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Litvinovich, A. V., O. Yu Pavlova, A. V. Lavrishchev, and A. A. Belimov. "Composition of organic-mineral complexes (OMC) migrating in the reclaimed sod-podzolic soils (Umbric Albeluvisol Abruptic)." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022404012.

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The composition of organo-mineral complexes (OMC) migrating from the arable horizon limed by Umbric Albeluvisol Abruptic was studied. The carbon content in organic-mineral complexes (OMC) ranged from 5.5 to 5.7%. The optical density index (Esmg/ml) varied in the range of values from 2.7 to 3.1, characteristic for fulvic acids (FA). It was established that FAs averaged with bases retain the ability to exert a destructive effect on soil minerals, transferring a significant amount of Al, Mn, and Fe into solution. According to their ability to migrate as part of OMC, the elements studied in the experiment with dolomite particles at a dose of 7.35 t/ha were arranged in the following decreasing sequence: Mn > Al > Fe. In the experiment with conversion chalk (CC) at a dose of 20.25 t/ha, this sequence was Al > Mn > Fe.

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Riebe, Beate, and Claus Bunnenberg. "Influence of temperature pre-treatment and high-molar saline solutions on the adsorption capacity of organo-clay minerals." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 8-14 (January 2007): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.060.

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Kholodov, V. A., O. B. Rogova, M. P. Lebedeva, E. B. Varlamov, D. S. Volkov, A. R. Ziganshina, and N. V. Yaroslavtseva. "Organic matter and mineral matrix of soils: modern approaches, definitions of terms and methods of study (review)." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 117 (December 15, 2023): 52–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-52-100.

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Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of soil organic matter, a very wide range of methods and approaches is used to study it. This generates an excessive number of terms, definitions and indices, which makes it difficult to understand and interpret the data of different authors. The paper provides an overview of the currently most relevant methods and approaches for studying soil organic matter (SOM) and its mineral matrix. The review considers the concept of soil organic matter, its pools and fractions, the concept of soil carbon saturation. The main approaches to assessing the content, structure, and structure of pools of organic matter are described. The methods of estimation of content, structure and composition of theoretical pools of SOM are considered: biological, densimetric, granulometric, chemical and thermal fractionation. A special attention is paid to thermal methods of analysis as a promising direction for studying the non-hydrolyzable part of organic matter. It is emphasized that in the study of SOM pools, which are theoretically distinguished by behavior in time (usually by stability), about their quantity, composition and physical properties are judged by fractions, which are instrumentally determined properties of soils. Approaches are shown for studying the mineral matrix of soils and organic matter from the point of view of modern soil mineralogy and micromorphology. The influence of soil mineral composition on granulometric and chemical composition of the soils, physico-chemical absorption capacity and organo-mineral interactions is evaluated. In the description of organo-mineral components, terms and concepts of particles and structure of clay minerals – phyllosilicates – are especially considered.

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Homoky, William B., Tim M. Conway, Seth G. John, Daniela König, FeiFei Deng, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Rachel A. Mills. "Iron colloids dominate sedimentary supply to the ocean interior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (March 26, 2021): e2016078118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016078118.

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Dissolution of marine sediment is a key source of dissolved iron (Fe) that regulates the ocean carbon cycle. Currently, our prevailing understanding, encapsulated in ocean models, focuses on low-oxygen reductive supply mechanisms and neglects the emerging evidence from iron isotopes in seawater and sediment porewaters for additional nonreductive dissolution processes. Here, we combine measurements of Fe colloids and dissolved δ56Fe in shallow porewaters spanning the full depth of the South Atlantic Ocean to demonstrate that it is lithogenic colloid production that fuels sedimentary iron supply away from low-oxygen systems. Iron colloids are ubiquitous in these oxic ocean sediment porewaters and account for the lithogenic isotope signature of dissolved Fe (δ56Fe = +0.07 ± 0.07‰) within and between ocean basins. Isotope model experiments demonstrate that only lithogenic weathering in both oxic and nitrogenous zones, rather than precipitation or ligand complexation of reduced Fe species, can account for the production of these porewater Fe colloids. The broader covariance between colloidal Fe and organic carbon (OC) abundance suggests that sorption of OC may control the nanoscale stability of Fe minerals by inhibiting the loss of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides to more crystalline minerals in the sediment. Oxic ocean sediments can therefore generate a large exchangeable reservoir of organo-mineral Fe colloids at the sediment water interface (a “rusty source”) that dominates the benthic supply of dissolved Fe to the ocean interior, alongside reductive supply pathways from shallower continental margins.

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Zhumagaliyeva, Sh, R. Iminovа, G. Kairalapova, М. M. Beysebekov, M. K. Beysebekov, and Zh Abilov. "Composite Polymer-Clay Hydrogels Based on Bentonite Clay and Acrylates: Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Capacity." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj672.

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Clay minerals, especially montmorillonite, as well as bentonite minerals with a high content of montmorillonite, have the highest ability to adsorb various organic compounds. In the East Kazakhstan region, the Manyrak deposit has huge deposits of “pink” bentonite clay (BC) with 70% of montmorillonite, extensively studied back in the 70-80-s. Now it is successfully useful in the organo-polymer composition as a mineral filler of polymer composite materials (PCM) and finds the application as domestic sorbents for the group extraction of non-ferrous ions in the purification of industrial sewage and drinking water. This article presents the results of research of creating polymer-clay composite materials based on domestic bentonite clay with improved sorption characteristics. The polymeric matrix of the composites consists of acrylates ‒ polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids (PAA and PMAA). BC-PAA and BC-PMAA gels were obtained by radical polymerization “in situ” using the intercalation method (and wi thout it). Preliminary intercalation forms more homogeneous and interconnected composite gels. An increase in the content of the clay component and the cross-linking agent in the starting mixture results in a higher cross-linking rate and compaction of the composite gels. The behavior of the swelling of gels under the influence of temperature, pH, ionic strength indicates their polyelectrolyte character with dominant hydrogen bonds and partial hydrophobic interactions (the latter is improved in the case of BC-PMAA). The preparation of composite gels based on local BC and PAA and PMAA expands the range of composite materials and can be used as sorbents for wastewater treatment.

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Zhuravleva, Anna E., I. A. Tsaplina, A. D. Ismailov, L. M. Zakharchuk, and G. I. Karavaiko. "Metabolism Peculiarities of Bacteria of the Genus Sulfobacillus." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.469.

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Abstract:

The genus Sulfobacillus includes moderately thermophilic and thermotolerant acidophilic bacteria, which prefer mixotrophic growth conditions. These organisms are S. thermosulfidooxidans 1269Т, S. sibiricus N1Т and S. thermotolerans Kr1Т. The simultaneous presence of organic (for example yeast extract) and inorganic energy sources is essential for optimal growth. Carbon sources are both CO2 and organic compounds. During their mixotrophic growth, the basic pathways of carbohydrate catabolism of sulfobacilli are those of glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate and Entner–Doudorov (excepting strain N1). Assimilation of CO2 is carried out both auto- and heterotrophically. Final stages of oxidation of organic substances serve for cell biosynthesis. Bacteria are able to switch to organo- and autotrophic metabolism. At that the enzyme activities of pentose phosphate pathway are not detected. The cycle of tricarboxylic acids is disrupted at the level of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The glyoxylate bypass is absent. The maximal protein and ATP values and high intensity of respiration in S. thermosulfidooxidans, S. sibiricus and S. thermotolerans cultures were determined under mixotrophic conditions. Studied strains due to their flexible carbon and energetic metabolism together with other microorganisms of communities (leptospirilli and archaea) participate in sulfide minerals processing at 40-450C without organic compounds supplement.

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Savalas, Lalu Rudyat Telly, I. Nyoman Loka, and Jannatin 'Ardhuha. "Chemical Analysis of Rice from Converted-to-Organic Paddy Field in Lombok Island." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-lal.

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Abstract:

Chemical analysis has been undertaken to investigate the nutrients compositions and the presence of residual pesticides from rice cultivated from converted-to-organic paddy fields in Lombok Island. The nutrients being investigated were macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, and proteins), micronutrients (beta-carotene), metal ions, and minerals, whereas pesticides being investigated were organo-chlorides residues such as endrin, delta-BHC, dieldrin, etc. The chemical analysis results were compared to those from rice cultivated from conventional farming, which uses chemical pesticides. It was revealed that there is no difference in the nutrients compositions of rice produced from converted-to-organic paddy fields to those from conventional farming. Moreover, it was shown that both rice samples from converted-to-organic and conventional farming paddy fields have no detectable residual pesticides. This finding suggests that the absence of residual pesticides from rice samples does not necessarily correspond to the application of organic farming in the converted-to-organic land. There is not robust evidence that the application of organic alters the nutrient composition of rice. This result also underlines the need to further investigate the real benefits of organic rice farming products in terms of nutritional composition and safety.

Journal articles on the topic 'Organo-Minerals'

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