Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organmat'

Syftet med studien är att analysera hur Sveriges största lantbrukskooperativ kommunicerar sin verksamhet visuellt samt undersöka konsumenters uppfattning om jordbruket och jordbrukares uppfattning om hur jordbruket visualiseras. Frågorna som besvaras är: Hur framställer Sveriges största lantbrukskooperativ det svenska jordbruket i sin marknadsföring? Vilken bild har en grupp individer av det svenska jordbruket? Hur ser ett urval jordbrukare på den visuella kommunikationen som finns att tillgå om jordbruket? För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna har tre olika huvudmetoder använts i undersökningen. Den första metoden bestod av en semiotisk bildanalys där en reklamfilm från Lantmännen analyserades på en denotativ och konnotativ nivå. Den andra metoden utgjordes av en kvantitativ enkätundersökning som skickades ut på facebook och som riktade sig till konsumenter. Den tredje metoden bestod av en digital intervju och riktade sig till lantbrukare, intervjun publicerades dels i en grupp på facebook med personer som är verksamma inom sektorn och dels utanför facebookgruppen där då ett snöbollsurval av jordbrukare deltog i intervjun. Utöver de tre huvudmetoderna har även en visuell research utförts genom en analys av hemsidor som tillhör varumärken som på ett eller annat sätt involverar eller berör någon form av jordbruk. Resultaten visar på att sveriges ledande lantbrukskooperativ lägger stor vikt på att kommunicera sin verksamhet som modernt, innovativt och högteknologisk men att lantbrukarna som skildrades i reklamfilmen kan uppfattas som anonyma och något distanserade från betraktaren. Vidare framkom det via enkätundersökningen att samtliga som deltog har en i överlag hade en positiv inställning till jordbruket även om majoriteten också bedömde att de hade relativt begränsad kunskap om sektorn. Majoriteten av respondenterna skulle vilja lära sig mer om jordbruket och få större insikt i dess metoder. Svaren från intervjuer med lantbrukare visade på att samtliga respondenter anser att det finns tydliga brister med hur jordbruket framställs och porträtteras i media samt att det i överlag saknas väsentlig kunskap och respekt för yrket bland de som till exempel rapporterar om det.

I museet eller i galleriet är distansen uppenbar, saker sätts bakom glas och transformeras till konsteller etnologiska föremål. Men vi skapar också ett eget glas mellan oss själva och omvärlden.Verkligheten är ingenting utan våra fantasier och illusioner. Om verkligheten bara skulle varanågon sorts klar, ofiltrerad verklighet skulle det bli outhärdligt att leva i den. Fantasin bygger vårverklighet. Det ena existerar inte utan det andra. Fantasin är kittet, texturen som gör det kul elleråt minstående uthärdligt att leva.Jag kan nog på ett basalt plan se mitt konstnärskap som en bra anledning till att konstruera,fantisera ihop en verklighet, eller kanske snarare en annan sorts värld som är mer än vad den är.För mig blir nog fantasin som en sorts metod. Ett jobb som tillåter mig att gräva blandfantasifoster och då synligöra en verklighet. Filmer, böcker och konst har för mig oftaegenskapen att antyda konturerna av den verklighet som vi konstruerat och lever i.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Rochester, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references. Digitized version available online via the Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music http://hdl.handle.net/1802/3220

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre sistemas catal?ticos alternativos, acetilacetonatos met?licos (ferro, cobre, cromo e estanho), frente ao catalisador comercial dibutil dilaurato de estanho (IV), DBTDL, na s?ntese de poliuretanos obtidos a partir de rea??es entre o diisocianato de isoforona (IPDI) e os poli?is polipropilenoglicol/dietilenoglicol e 1,6-hexanodiol poliadipato. Os sistemas catal?ticos acetilacetonatos foram obtidos a partir da rea??o entre um sal met?lico e a acetilacetona, e caracterizados atrav?s da espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV) e espectroscopia eletr?nica de ultravioleta (UV) de acordo com a literatura. As rea??es de forma??o dos poliuretanos foram acompanhadas atrav?s do consumo de IPDI ao longo do tempo, verificado atrav?s da diminui??o da concentra??o de NCO utilizando o m?todo titulom?trico com dibutilamina e por IV atrav?s da diminui??o da banda caracter?stica de NCO livre, 2300-2200 cm-1. Atrav?s dos dados de IV determinou-se o comportamento cin?tico das rea??es, atrav?s do qual verificou-se que as rea??es realizadas com excesso de poli?l seguem comportamento cin?tico de pseudo-1? ordem, enquanto as rea??es realizadas em quantidade equivalente do diisocianato e do poli?l apresentaram comportamento cin?tico de 2? ordem

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Esta dissertação analisa o gerenciamento cultural ao longo do ciclo de vida de uma organização. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo de caso da ENSR Brasil - ENSR International Brasil Ltda., empresa do mercado de consultoria ambiental, presente no Brasil desde 1998. Com base em uma análise qualitativa, neste trabalho foi avaliada a evolução da cultura organizacional da ENSR Brasil em seus diferentes estágios evolutivos e, com base em modelos e tipologias culturais identificados na literatura, analisado o processo de mudança cultural instituído na empresa a partir de 2006, depois de instituída influência mais direta e efetiva da matriz americana. O resultado deste estudo reforça a literatura sobre o tema referente à questão da forte correlação entre cultura e ciclo de vida, evidenciando a importância de variáveis como a estrutura de poder e o processo decisório no gerenciamento da mudança organizacional.
This essay analyses the cultural management along the organization life cycle. With this purpose, a case study was developed based on the research of the company ENSR Brasil - ENSR International Brasil Ltda., which was established in Brazil in 1998. Based on a qualitative analysis, this works evaluates the evolution of ENSR Brasil`s organizational cultural in its different evolution stages. Additionally, by applying models and typologies identified in the literature, it analyses the process of cultural change established in the company from 2006 on, after a more direct and effective influence of the American head office was instituted. The result of this study reinforces the literature about the subject related to the strong correlation between culture and life cycle, pointing out the importance of variables such as power structure and the decision process in the management of the organizational change.

Människans fötter är de kroppsdelar som bär upp kroppen och gör att vi kan förflytta oss. På liknande sätt utgör pedalstämman en slags grund som ger stabilitet i orgelmusiken. Detta arbete handlar om pedalteknik, dess möjligheter och begränsningar, samt om samarbetet mellan tonsättare och organist. Målet med studien har varit att utvecklas som musiker, både musikaliskt och tekniskt. Arbetet har resulterat i kunskap om pedalteknik, en inblick i hur en samarbetsprocess mellan tonsättare och organist fungerar samt en interpretation av ett nyskrivet musikverk. Studien riktar sig till dig som vill veta mer om pedalteknik, både för musikutövaren som vill spela orgel och för tonsättaren som vill komponera för orgel. Parallellt med samarbetet har arbetet bestått av studium och instudering av befintliga pedalstycken samt orgelskolor där ett antal teknikövningar valts ut. Tonsättaren i arbetet är Michelle Pettersson, kompositionsstudent vid Musikhögskolan i Piteå. Under läsåret 2018/2019 har ett antal möten mellan tonsättare och organist genomförts där musikalisk kunskap, tankar och idéer om orgelinstrumentet utbytts, diskuterats och utforskats. Detta har resulterat i två separata pedaletyder för orgel.

Piporgeln har länge varit det dominerande instrumentet i kyrkan. Digitalorgelns intåg är en förnyelse som främst tillkom på grund av ekonomiska och praktiska skäl. Digitalorgeln har gått från att vara undantag till norm. I denna uppsats ska jag undersöka hur denna strukturförändring påverkar en konserterande organist. Jag jämför förutsättningar i att framföra en konsert på en egen digitalorgel kontra en fast installerad piporgel. Detta undersöks dels genom en jämförelse mellan instrumenten, samt en konsert med en egenbyggd digitalorgel tillsammans med en stråkorkester. Under processens gång visar det sig att digitalorgeln fungerar som ett bra komplement på platser där en piporgel vore en omöjlighet, men den fungerar också som ett helt nytt instrument.

Francis Poulenc - Orgelkonsert i g-moll

Kevin Lembke, orgel

Gunnar Julin, dirigent

KTH:s Akademiska Kapell

The works of Erik Beckman (1935-1995) are quite unique within the Swedish literary scene. His texts convert the experimental language of the concretists of the sixties into a new form of fabulation that undermines our understanding of what literature can be, ranging from novels and poetry to theatre pieces and radio theatre. His literary style has been discussed by critics, but the depths of it are yet to be fully explored. There is a lot to gain from combining contemporary theories of materiality and corporeality with his self-proclaimed materialistic poetics. The novel Inlandsbanan (1967) is a fragmentary account of an inland train going through Sweden, with characters coming and going in a frustrating tempo. The text is filled with word games, narrative constructs and a language that brings forth the material aspects of communication that push the boundaries of literary interpretation. This thesis examines Beckman’s novel through the lens of theoretical concepts of thingliness and corporeality developed by the likes of Judith Butler, Karen Barad, and Andrew Pickering in order to elaborate an analysis that goes beyond the surface of its experimental and materialistic use of literary language. Using bodily themes, I analyze specific passages in the novel in order to find a new understanding of its semantic functions. By doing this through the concept of performativity, not only can I identify a thematized corporeality, but beyond that a literary form and a language that problematizes the very notion of the written text as a body and highlights a material agency in literature. This method enables an interpretation of the novel that can illuminates important aspects at play that previously have not been explored.

Sunday after Sunday, liturgical organists are faced with the challenge of providing music for liturgy. While hymns, psalms, musical settings of liturgical texts, choral anthems and responses are often made clear in their choice due to the marriage of text and music, choosing music outside of those parameters is a challenge. Music that happens prior to worship as the community gathers, music to accompany ritual actions such as the presentation of the offering or the distribution of the Eucharist, and music that sends people on their way at the end of the service is not something to be taken lightly. Such choices are important and can have a significant effect on the over-all tenor of the liturgy. Many organists have concluded the most efficient and effective solution is to seek pieces which are based on the hymns sung by the assembly and trust that a cohesive liturgical whole has been created. This essay attempts to move beyond that notion into the realm of solo organ literature that is not derived from a chorale or hymn melody. Each piece of music carries its own aesthetic characteristics, and the task of the liturgical organist is to determine how those characteristics can best be incorporated into a given religious celebration.

Abstract Jan Johansson: Georg Stubendorff, organist i S:t Jakob – En musiker i stormaktstidens Stockholm och hans concerto "O Jesu dulcissime", [Georg Stubendorff, Organ Player in S:t Jacob's Church – A Musician in Seventeenth Century Stockholm and his Concerto O Jesu dulcissime], Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för musikvetenskap, uppsats för 60 p, 2006. Georg Stubendorff, organ player in S:t Jakob's church in Stockholm 1663-1672, was one of the very competent foreign musicians that came to work in Sweden in the 17th century. The purpose of this essay is to contribute to the knowledge about him and about the conditions in general for church musicians in Stockholm during that era, and to present an edition of his Concerto a 3. It is shown that Stubendorff may have come to Stockholm from Livland, rather than Germany as earlier accepted. The Concerto a 3 is the only composition by Stubendorff that has survived (now in the Düben collection at Uppsala university library). He dedicated it to the Gustav Düben, Hofkapellmeister of the Hofkapelle, in 1663. Editions of Stubendorff's Concerto and of a similar anonymous composition with similar scoring and similar text are presented together with analyses and comparisons of the works. It is suggested that the anonymous composition in fact might be written by Gustav Düben himself.

Josef Bohuslav Foerster (1859–1951), der Sohn eines Organisten an der Prager Dreifaltigkeitskirche und späterer Kapellmeister am Prager St.-Veits-Dom, hat in seinen autobiografischen Erinnerungen 'Der Pilger' zur Kenntnis gebracht, dass er gerne die anstrengende Aufgabe auf sich nahm, den Organistendienst an St.Adalbert in der Gerbergasse in Prag zu versehen.

Vuxna med ADHD är en grupp som upplever problem med att utföra vardagliga nödvändiga aktiviteter och som lätt utvecklar olika rolldysfunktioner genom livet. Det är viktigt att undersöka vilka erfarenheter och konsekvenser i vardagen som vuxna med ADHD erfar för att på ett effektivt sätt kunna möta upp och effektivt underlätta för patientgruppen. Nästa steg i ledet för att kunna spela en nyckelroll i arbetet med att hjälpa vuxna med ADHD är att kartlägga vad arbetsterapeuter gör för denna växande grupp i samhället. Studiens syfte var att beskriva erfarenheter och konsekvenser i dagligt liv för vuxna med ADHD och arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för denna grupp. En litteraturstudie användes som metod för att kunna skapa en bred överblick över den befintliga forskningen på området. Totalt inkluderades fem vetenskapliga artiklar i studien och ur dessa fem framträdde tre kategorier: 1) Ekonomi, trafik och socialt liv – utmaningar i vardagen för vuxna med ADHD. 2) Ordningsskapande arbetsterapeutiska interventioner. 3) Motivation - ett hinder i vardagen med förslag på lösningar. Studien ger främst en bild av ett forskningsfält med många och stora informationsluckor kvar att fylla avseende vad arbetsterapeuter gör för att underlätta livet för vuxna med ADHD. Arbetsterapeuter kan sannolikt spela en viktig roll för gruppen vuxna med ADHD genom olika typer av ordningsskapande interventioner såsom strategier och hjälpmedel men mer forskning på området efterfrågas.

Syftet med studien har varit att fördjupa kunskapen om psalmsångens funktion i gudstjänsten och utforska vilka avsikter kyrkomusikern kan tänkas ha med psalmsången i gudstjänsten. Här med särskilt fokus på att leda psalmsången med orgeln. Min undersökning bygger på både litteraturstudium och kvalitativa intervjuer med tjänstgörande personer i kyrkan. Genom litteraturstudium reflekterade jag över fyra exempel på funktion och sedan har jag försökt tydliggöra reflektionen med intervjuresultat. Studien visar psalmsångens avgörande funktioner vilka innebär delaktighet, gemenskap och budskap i gudstjänsten. Kyrkomusikern har en viktig roll i att leda församlingen och bidrar med sina konstnärliga idéer och sin begåvning i gudstjänsten. Studien visar också att det finns både utmaningar och möjligheter med psalmsången i gudstjänsten. Svårigheter är bl. a. en sångsvag församling och att många har en liten psalmrepertoar. Kyrkomusikerna tar ett stort ansvar och möjliggör för församlingen att kunna delta i gudstjänsten och idag är det mycket viktigt att få församlingen att närma sig psalmsången.

UVOD: Maligni tumori reproduktivnih organa nalaze se među vodećim uzrocima obolevanja i umiranja od malignih bolesti žena, kako u svetu, tako i u Srbiji. Jedan od najvažnijih puteva širenja ovih bolesti je limfogeni, a konvencionalna radiološka dijagnostika limfnih čvorova kod ovih pacijentkinja je neprecizna. Funkcionalna radiološka dijagnostika, uključujući i magnentno rezonantnu sekvencu difuzionog kretanja (DWI) i iz nje izvedenu ADC mapu koja omogućava kvantitativnu analizu difuzionih osobina unutar limfnog čvora, daju obećavajuće rezultate u mogućnosti razlikovanja benignih od maligno izmenjenih limfnih čvorova male karlice i ingvinuma kod pacijentkinja obolelih od malignih tumora ženskih polnih organa. CILJ: Cilj studije je 1. utvrđivanje dijagnostičkih mogućnosti magnetnorezonantne sekvence difuzionog kretanja (DWI) u razlikovanju benignih od maligno izmenjenih limfnih čvorova male karlice i ingvinuma kod pacijentkinja obolelih od malignih tumora ženskih polnih organa, poređenjem preoperativno načinjenog magnetnorezonantnog pregleda i postoperativnog patohistološkog nalaza; 2. analiza povezanosti osobina metastatski izmenjenih limfnih čvorova na sekvenci difuzionog kretanja (DWI) i gradusa primarnog tumora, i 3. utvrđivanje uticaja tehničkih karakteristika sekvenci difuzinonog kretanja (DWI) na magnetnorezonantu procenu metastatske infiltracije karličnih i ingvinalnih limfnih čvorova i postoperativnog patohistološkog nalaza. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2013. do 2016.godine, kao prospektivna klinička studija u Centru za radiologiju, na Operativnom odeljenju Zavoda za ginekologiju, Klinike za ginekologiju i akušerstvo i u Zavodu za patologiju Kliničkog Centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Studija je obuhvatila 80 pacijentkinja obolelih od malignih tumora vulve, vagine, grlića materice, tela materice i jajnika. Na osnovu lokalizacije malignog tumora sve ispitanice su razvrstane u 5 grupa: grupa A- 3 žene obolele od carcinoma vulve, grupa B- 1 žena obolela od karcinoma vagine, grupa C-32 pacijentkinje obolele od karcinoma grlića materice, grupa D- 30 pacijentkinja obolelih od malignih tumora tela materice i grupa E- 14 žena obolelih od malignih tumora jajnika. Procena stadijuma bolesti definitivno je izvršena posle operacije na osnovu histopatološkog pregleda kompletnog hirurškog materijala uključujući i pregled uklonjenih limfnih čvorova na osnovu aktuelne FIGO klasifikacije stadijuma bolesti zasebno za svaku pojedinačnu lokalizaciju malignog tumora. Svim pacijentkinjama je preoperativno načinjen magnetnorezonantni pregled male karlice na uređaju za magnetnu rezonancu 1.5 T General Electric Signa HDx u Centru za radiologiju, Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. Kod istih pacijentkinja naknadno je sprovedeno standardno hirurško lečenje po protokolu hirurškog lečenja za dato maligno ginekološko oboljenje sa karličnom i/ili ingvinalnom limfadenektomijom. Postoperativno je izvršena patohistološka analiza hirurški uklonjenog materijala i limfnih čvorova razdvojenih po anatomskim grupama u karlici i ingvinalnoj regiji. REZULTATI: Ukupno 2320 limfnih čvorova je mapirano i patohistološki pregledano kod 80 pacijenata. Metastaze u limfnim čvorovima patohistološki su verifikovane kod 28 pacijenata (35%). Kod ovih 28 (35%) pacijentkinja, 152 (27,28%) od ukupno 557 limfnih čvorova bilo je metastatski izmenjeno na patohistološkom pregledu. Metastaze u limfnim čvorovima utvrđene su kod 2 pacijentkinje (7,14%) sa karcinomom vulve, 11 (39,28%) sa karcinomom cerviksa, 9 (32,14%) sa tumorima tela materice, te 6 (21,42%) sa tumorima jajnika. Od 28 pacijentkinja kod kojih su utvrđeni pozitivni limfni čvorovi, 14 pacijentkinja (50%) imalo je dobro diferentovan primarni tumor, 8 (28,57%) srednje diferentovan, dok je 6 (21,42%) imalo loše diferentovan primarni tumor. Od ukupno 152 metastatski izmenjena limfna čvora u našoj studiji, 8 limfnih čvorova (5,26%) pripadalo je ingvinalnoj grupi od čega 5 (3,289%) površnoj ingvinalnoj, a 3 ( 1,97%) dubokoj ingvinalnoj grupi, 8 (5,26%) parametrijalnoj grupi, 48 (31,58%) opturatornoj grupi, 40 (26,31%) spoljašnjoj ilijačnoj grupi, 36 (23,684%) unutrašnjoj ilijačnoj grupi, dok je 12 (7,89%) pripadalo zajedničkoj ilijačnoj grupi karličnih limfnih čvorova. Kraći prečnik limfnog čvora nije pokazao značajnu razliku između metastatskih ( mean ± SD, 8,3 ± 5.4 mm, raspon , 4.5-30 mm ) i limfnih čvorova koji nisu bili metastatski izmenjeni ( 6,3 mm ± 1,5 , 4,5-9,6 mm ; P= 0,191 ). Izmerena ADC vrednost bila je značajno niža kod metastatski izmenjenih limfnih čvorova (mean ± SD , ADC: 0,8725 x 10-3 mm2/s ± 0,0125) nego kod limfnih čvorova koji nisu bili metastatski izmenjeni (mean ± SD, ADC: 1,116 x 10- 3 mm2/s ± 0,1848; P=0,001). Prosečne vrednosti ADC kod b =800 s/mm2 i b =1200 s/mm2 nisu se značajno razlikovale između metastaski izmenjenih limfnih čvorova (mean ± SD, ADC: 0,8575 ± 0,0125 x 10-3 mm2/s, ADC:0,8859 ± 0,0125 x 10-3 mm2/s) i limfnih čvorova koji nisu metastatski izmenjeni (mean ± SD, ADC:1,0345 ± 0,1222 x 10-3 mm2/s, ADC:1,1125 ± 1638 x 10-3 mm2/s; P =0,657 i P = 0,877). Ako se koristi vrednost ADC od 0,860 x 10- 3 mm2 / s kao kritična vrednost za razlikovanje metastatskih od limfnih čvorova koji nisu metastatski izmenjeni, senzitivnost DWI MR iznosila je 89%, specifičnost 85% i ukupna tačnost 86%. Pozitivna prediktivna vrednost (PPV) DWI MR u detekciji limfnih metastaza u karličnoj i ingvinalnoj regiji iznosila je 30%. Negativna prediktivna vrednost (NPV) testa iznosila je 99%. Pozitivna prediktivna vrednost (PPV) MR zasnovana na kriterijumu ADC vrednosti značajno je veća u odnosu na sve kriterijuma veličine (P < 0,001). Negativna prediktivna vrednost MR zasnovanoj na kriterijumima veličine limfnog čvora i na ACD vrednosti nisu se međusobno statistički značajno razlikovali (P<0,05). Performanse dijagnostičke metode (MR) bile su značajno bolje za minimalnu ADC vrednost od svih kriterijuma baziranih na veličini limfnih čvorova ( P=0.001 za minimalnu ADC vrednost u odnosu na sve druge kriterijume). MRI na osnovu definisanog modela koji kombinuje kriterijum ADC vrednosti sa kriterijumom veličine ima sledeće dijagnostičke performanse za diferencijaciju malignih od benignih limfnih čvorova: senzitivnost od 95%, specifičnost 92%, sveukupna tačnost od 92,5%, pozitivnu prediktivnu vrednost od 46% i negativnu prediktivnu vrednost od 99.6%. ZAKLJUČAK: Kriterijum veličine limfnog čvora nije dovoljno precizan pokazatelj metastatske invazije limfnih čvorova. Sekvenca difuzionog kretanja (DWI) uvek se mora analizirati zajedno sa ADC mapom i visoko rezolutivnim T1 i T2 otežanim magnetnorezonantnim sekvencama. Studijom je dokazan visok stepen povezanosti između preoperativnog određivanja metastaske infiltracije karličnih i ingvinalnih limfnih čvorova malignih tumora ženskih polnih organa primenom sekvence difuzionog kretanja (DWI) i postoperativnog patohistološkog nalaza. Uz graničnu ADC vrednost od 0,860 x 10-3 mm2/ s, senzitivnost MRI DWI u otkrivanju metastatskih limfnih čvorova iznosi 89%, a specifičnost 85%. Kombinacija ADC vrednosti i morfoloških karakteristika limfnih čvorova konvencionalnim magnentno rezonantnim pregledom je najprecizniji prediktor postojanja metastatske infiltracije karličnih i ingvinalnih limfnih čvorova kod pacijentkinja sa malignim tumorima ženskih polnih organa. Tehničke karakteristike sekvenci difuzionog kretanja (DWI) u smislu razlike u visokim b vrednostima ne utiču na magnentno rezonantnu procenu metastatske infiltracije karličnih i ingvinalnih limfnih čvorova kod pacijentkinja sa malignim tumorima ženskih polnih organa. Studijom nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između preoperativno utvrđenih ADC vrednosti metastatski izmenjenih limfnih čvorova i stepena histološke diferencijacije ovih tumora. Sekvenca difuzionog kretanja (DWI) je brza, jednostavna, neinvazivna metoda koja značajno doprinosi dijagnostičkim mogućnostima magnetne rezonance u razlikovanju benignih od malignih limfnih čvorova male karlice i ingvinuma.
INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors of reproductive organs are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women, both in Serbia and worldwide. Lymphatic spread is one of the most important pathways of tumor dissemination. However, conventional lymph node imaging in these patients is imprecise. Functional imaging, including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) and derived ADC map which allows quantitative analysis of diffusion parameters within a lymph node, provide promising results in discrimination benign from malignant pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes in patients with gynecological malignancies. AIM: Aim of the study was: 1. To assess diagnostic performances of DWI MRI in differentiation between benign and malignant pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes in patients with gynecological malignancies, by comparison of preoperative magnetic resonance and postoperative histopathological findings. 2. To analyze correlation between DWI characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes and grade of the primary tumor, and 3. To evaluate the influence of technical characteristics of DWI sequences on MR assessment of metastatic pelvic and inguinal lymph node and postoperative histopathological findings. MATERIAL and METHODS: The prospective clinical study was conducted in Center for Radiology, Surgery Department of Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology Department of Clinical Center of Vojvodina from 2013 to 2016. It comprised 80 patients with malignant tumors of vulva, vagina, uterine cervix and body and ovaries. Based on the localization of the tumor, all patients were divided into 5 groups: group A-3 patients with vulvar cancer, group B- 1 patient with vaginal cancer, group C- 32 patients with cervical cancer, group D- 30 patients with uterine body tumors and group E- 14 patients with malignant ovarian tumors. Staging of the disease was performed after surgery based on histopathological examination of complete surgical specimen, including examination of removed lymph nodes, based on current FIGO classification separately for each primary tumor location. Preoperatively, all patients underwent MRI examination (1.5 T General Electric Signa HDx) at Center for Radiology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The same patients underwent standard surgical treatment according to the treatment protocol regarding the tumor type and stage, with complete pelvic and/or inguinal lymphadenectomy. Histopathological examination of surgically removed material and lymph nodes separated in pelvic and inguinal anatomic groups was performed after the surgery. RESULTS: The total of 2320 of lymph nodes were mapped and histopathologically examined in 80 patients included in the study. Metastases in lymph nodes were histopathologically confirmed in 28 patients (35%). In these 28(35%) patients, in 152 (27,28%) out of 557 lymph nodes histopathological examination confirmed metastases. Lymph node metastases were confirmed in 2 patients (7.14%) with vulvar cancer, 11 (39.28%) with cervical cancer, 9 (32.14%) with uterine body tumors and 6 (21.42%)patients with ovarian tumors. In 28 patients with positive lymph nodes, 14 patients (50%) had well differentiated primary tumor, 8 (28.57%) moderately differentiated, while 6 (21.42%) patients had poorly differentiated primary tumor. Out of 152 metastatic lymph nodes in our study, 8 lymph nodes (5.26%) were inguinal ( 5 (3.289%) superficial inguinal and 3 ( 1.97%) deep inguinal group), 8 (5.26%) were parametrial, 48 (31. 58%) obturatory, 40 (26.31%) external iliac, 36 (23.684%) internal iliac, while 12 (7. 89%) belonged to common iliac pelvic lymph nodes group. Shorter lymph node axis did not show significant difference between metastatic ( mean ± SD, 8.3 ± 5.4 mm, range , 4.5-30 mm ) and benign lymph nodes ( 6.3 mm ± 1.5 , 4.5-9.6 mm ; P= 0.191 ). Measured ADC values were significantly lower in metastatic (mean ± SD , ADC: 0.8725 x 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.0125) than benign lymph nodes (mean ± SD, ADC: 1.116 x 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.1848; P=0.001). Mean ADC values at b =800 s/mm2 and b =1200 s/mm2 did not differ significantly between metastatic (mean ± SD, ADC: 0.8575 ± 0.0125 x 10-3 mm2/s, ADC:0.8859 ± 0,0125 x 10-3 mm2/s) and benign lymph nodes (mean ± SD, ADC:1.0345 ± 0.1222 x 10-3 mm2/s, ADC:1.1125 ± 1638 x 10-3 mm2/s; P =0.657 i P = 0.877). If ADC value of 0.860 x 10- 3 mm2 / s is determined as a cut off value for discrimination of benign and malignant lymph nodes, DWI MRI sensitivity was 89%, specificity 85% and overall accuracy was 86%. Positive predictive value (PPV) of DWI MR in detection of pelvic and inguinal lymph node metastases was 30%. Negative predictive value (NPV) of the test was 99%. MRI PPV based on ADC value criteria was significantly higher compared to all size-based criteria (P < 0,001). MRI NPV based on size based and ADC values criteria did not differ significantly (P<0,05). Performances of diagnostic method (MRI) were significantly better for minimal ADC value compared to all lymph node size-based criteria ( P=0.001 for minimal ADC value compared to all other criteria). Combination of ADC value criteria and size-based criteria yields MRI the following diagnostic performances in discrimination between benign and malignant lymph nodes: sensitivity 95%, specificity 92%, overall accuracy 92.5%, positive predictive value 46% and negative predictive value 99.6%. CONCLUSION: Lymph node size is not sufficiently precise criteria for determination of metastatic lymph node involvement. DWI sequence always needs to be evaluated together with ADC map and high resolution T1W and T2W magnetic resonance sequences. The study shows high correlation between preoperative assessment of pelvic and inguinal lymph node metastases from gynecological malignancies using MRI DWI and postoperative histopathological findings. With a cut off ADC value of 0.860 x 10-3 mm2/ s, sensitivity of MRI DWI in metastatic lymph node detection is 89%, while specificity is 85%. Combination of ADC values and morphological lymph nodes characteristics assessed by conventional MRI is the most precise predictor of metastatic pelvic and inguinal lymph node invasion in patients with gynecological malignancies. Technical characteristics of DWI i.e. different high b-values do not influence MR assessment of metastatic pelvic and inguinal lymph node involvement in patients with gynecological malignancies. The study did not confirm statistically significant difference between preoperatively measured ADC valued of metastatic lymph nodes and histological grade of primary tumors. DWI MRI sequence is fast, simple, noninvasive method which aids significantly to MRI diagnostic performances in discrimination between benign and malignant pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes.

The art of balancing spiritual, physical and emotional attributes is a daunting task for any organist. The techniques with which an organist consolidates these attributes have a direct effect on the accomplishment of a definitive goal – a successful music performance. However, this portrays the ideal situation. There is a myriad of internal and external factors that obstruct the organist from attaining this ultimate goal and – in the process – create excessive stress and anxiety. Over and above the habitual performance nervousness, an organist’s anxiety level is exacerbated when performing on an unfamiliar organ, as every organ has unique characteristics that differ from all other. Moreover, the modern pipe organ – particularly the church organ – is a complex and intricate instrument that claims the highest skills and flexibility from an organist. Performing music is inherently a stressful accomplishment that is intensified by continuous challenges, inter alia incessant preparation and the threat of criticism. Some music performers seem to thrive on stress while others choke under pressure. The music performer, however, is not intrinsically born with the innate knowledge and wisdom to manage the diverse anxiety-causing factors that are associated with organ performing. A particular kind of pedagogical training, namely coaching, is proposed as a technique to equip a scholar – particularly an organist – with tactics to manage performance anxiety. Parallels are drawn between the training of sports athletes and organists as coaching has valuable applications for both sports- and music performers. The aim with the current study was to explore how and why organists experience such strenuous anxiety when performing a repertoire. These strains can often become too overwhelming for an organist to endure. For the purpose with the study, six experienced and qualified organists were selected by means of a convenience sample design. Their stress- and anxiety levels during music performances were identified by means of 12 open-ended questions. Being an experienced organist and teacher herself, the author was able to probe deeper into the topics introduced by the research questions. Particular consideration was given to the fabric of performance anxiety from three different approaches: behavioural, cognitive and psychoanalytical. In addition, pedagogical coaching was explored as a viable alternative to teaching an organist. Moreover, the organist’s unique characteristics were emphasised from behavioural, cognitive (gestalt), socio-cultural, and psychoanalytical approaches. From the results of the empirical study is evident that all the organists participating in the study revelled in their organ performing. However, many situational and related aspects caused them habitually to experience feelings of stress, anxiety, loneliness and apprehension. Of particular concern to the organists was the inclusion of worship bands in the church. They experienced it as a threat to the church – resulting in a lowering of musical standards. All of the stressful situations resulted in tiredness, frustration and sometimes exploitation in the organists. One main finding was that an organist imperatively needs to be coached and supported in coping with such adverse feelings. Coaching improves energy levels, self-help skills, better time management and further development of emotional intelligence. It can also increase the organist’s physiological state – improve a sense of awareness, enhance learning capabilities and increase self-confidence. The all-encompassing conclusion reached was that – through effective coaching – the organist has a much better chance of overcoming inner- and outer adversities on the way to a successful and rewarding career.
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
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Lietuvos Respublikoje bendrovių veikla yra organizuojama pagal mišrią valdymo organų sistemą. Bendrovėse bet kokiu atveju visada veikia dalyvių susirinkimas ir bent vienas iš valdymo organų – bendrovės vadovas arba valdyba. Tuo tarpu priežiūros organas pagal Lietuvoje galiojančius teisės aktus – dispozityvus bendrovės organas, praktikoje sutinkamas gana retai. Bendrovių organai, vykdydami savo veiklą, priima sprendimus. Išanalizavus bendroves reglamentuojančių teisės aktų nuostatas bei Lietuvos Respublikos teismų sprendimus, darytina išvada, jog bendrovės organų priimti sprendimai bus laikomi teisėtais, jei: 1) nepažeis imperatyvių teisės aktuose ar bendrovės steigimo dokumentuose nurodytų normų, reglamentuojančių susirinkimo ar posėdžio sušaukimo iniciavimą, sušaukimą ir jo nutarimų priėmimą; bei 2) priimtas nutarimas nepažeis konkrečių asmenų teisių ar viešojo intereso. Civilinio kodekso 2.82 straipsnio ketvirtoji dalis numato pagrindus, kuriems esant juridinio asmens organų sprendimai teismo gali būti pripažinti negaliojančiais. Tokiais pagrindais laikomi: 1) sprendimo turinio prieštaravimas imperatyvioms įstatymo normoms; 2) sprendimo turinio prieštaravimas juridinio asmens steigimo dokumentams; 3) sprendimo turinio ar jo priėmimo procedūros prieštaravimas protingumo ar sąžiningumo principams; bei 4) kreditoriaus teisių ir interesų pažeidimas. Pažymėtina, jog priimtas sprendimas gali būti panaikintas tik tuo atveju, jei jo pasekmių negalima panaikinti jokiu kitu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Activity of the Companies is organized under mixed system of corporate governance in the Republic of Lithuania. In the Company in any case the General Meeting and at least one of the governing bodies - the Manager or the Board – are constituted. Meanwhile, the Supervisory Board under the existing laws is kept as an optional body of the company and is rather rare in practice. The bodies of the company, carrying out their activities, take various decisions. The analysis of provisions on company law and the decisions of the courts of the Republic of Lithuania showed that the decisions of the bodies shall be considered valid if: 1) they shall not violate the mandatory rules indicated in legal acts or company's founding documents, related to initiation and convening of the meeting and adoption of its decisions; 2) the decision shall not prejudice the rights of any person or the public interest. Article 2.82 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania provides bases under which the decisions of the bodies of the company may be invalidated under the court decisions, if they: 1) contravene the imperative provisions of the law; 2) contravene founding documents of a legal person; 3) contravene principles of reasonableness and good faith; and 4) violate rights and interests of the creditor. It should be noted that the decision may be revoked only if its consequences can not be removed at any other rational way. Such action in the court can be taken only by indicated subjects... [to full text]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze how ongoing organizational changes within the Swedisch Church affects its musical activities in parishes. Method: The study is based on interviews and publicated sources. Conclusion: Church musicians as a group are a powerful and vital resource for the Swedish Church.

Darbe analizuojami subjektai, turintys teisę inicijuoti įmonės bankroto bylą, analizuojamos problemos, su kuriomis susiduria šie subjektai, įgyvendindami bankroto bylos iniciatyvos teisę.
The paper examines the entities, which have a right to initiate bankruptcy proceedings. The paper also clarifying aspects of the problem faced by these entities in bankruptcy initiation stage.

Komparativnom  analizom  morfo-anatomskih  i mikromorfoloških  karakteristika  lista,  stabla,  rizoma,  korena, ploda  i  receptakuluma,  kao  i  biohemijskom  analizom  etarskih ulja  podzemnih  organa,  obuhvaćeno  je  ukupno  16  vrsta  iz  4roda,  Inula  (I. aschersoniana,  I. bifrons,  I. britannica,  I. conyza, I.  ensifolia,  I.  germanica,  I.  helenium,  I.  oculus-christi,  I. saslicina  ssp.  salicina,  I.  salicina  ssp.  aspera,  I.  spiraeifolia), Dittrichia  (D.  graveolens,  D.  viscosa),  Limbarda  (L.crithmoides)  i  Pulicaria  (P. dysenterica,  P. vulgaris) iz tribusa Inuleae,  familije  Compositae.  Vrste  iz  različitih  rodova analizirane  u  ovoj  disertaciji  ranijom  klasifikacijom  svrstavane su u okviru različitih sekcija roda  Inula, a takođe i tipska vrsta ovog roda, I. helenium L., svrstavana je u okviru zasebne sekcije Corvisartia.  Na  osnovu  najnovijih  molekularnih  filogenetskih analiza, baziranih na sekvencama plastidne i jedarne DNK, kao i na osnovu morfoloških i karioloških podataka, predloženo je da sekcija  Corvisartia  bude  izdvojena  u  zaseban  rod.  Ciljevi  ovedisertacije definisani su u skladu sa činjenicom da su podaci o morfo-anatomskoj,  mikromorfološkoj  i  biohemijskoj  građi vegetativnih  i  reproduktivnih  organa  vrsta  ovog  tribusa malobrojni  i  nepotpuni,  dok  su  analize  vršene  parcijalno  inezavisno  kod  pojedinih  predstavnika,  sa  slabim  akcentom  na njihovu  komparativnu  analizu.  Istraživanje  je  obuhvatilo  veliki broj kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih karaktera koji su analizirani i mereni  pomoću  stereomikroskopa,  svetlosnog,  fluorescentnog  i skening elektronskog mikroskopa. Dobijeni podaci statistički su obrađeni  različitim  metodama  numeričke  analize  koje  se  inačekoriste pri taksonomskim istraživanjima.  Ovakav tip analize za vrste  rodova  Inula,  Dittrichia,  Limbarda  i  Pulicaria  nije  zabeležen u dosadašnjoj literaturi.Sprovedena  analiza  pokazala  je  da  ni  jedan  vegetativni  biljni organ  pojedinačno  ne  pruža  dovoljno  informacija  na  osnovukojih bi se sa statističkom sigurnošću mogle izdvojiti određene grupe  vrsta,  niti  rodovi  prema  postojećoj  podeli.  U  okviru analiziranih anatomskih i mikromorfoloških karakteristika ploda i  receptakuluma,  organizacija  sklerenhimskog  tkiva  u  zrelom plodu i karakteristike receptakuluma predstavljaju karaktere koji su dijagnostički za rodove. Karakteri koji razdvajaju analizirane taksone  jesu:  karakteristike  papusa  kod  vrsta  roda  Pulicaria; prstenasato  suženje  između  baze  papusa  i  cipsele,  organizacijasklerenhimskog  tkiva  ploda  i  tip  trihoma  na  površini receptakuluma  kod  vrsta  roda  Dittrichia;  sekretorni  kanali  u perikarpu  ploda,  odsustvo  trihoma  i  slabo  izražena  rebra  na površini  receptakuluma  kod  vrste  L.  crithmoides.  Plod  vrste  I.helenium  razlikuje  se  od  plodova  svih  preostalih  analiziranih vrsta na osnovu njegovih dimenzija, većeg broja sklerenhimskih vrpci koje nisu istaknute u rebra, kao i na osnovu slabo izraženih rebara  na  receptakulumu,  između  karpopodijalnih  otisaka,  na kojima  se  nalaze  žlezdane  i  nežlezdane  trihome.  Rezultati  suukazali na  to da se  vrsta  I. helenium  izdvaja kao zaseban takson na osnovu anatomskih i mikromorfoloških karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma  sa  jednako  malim  stepenom  statističke  podrške koji  takođe  podržava  izdvajanje  rodova  Dittrichia,  Limbarda  i Pulicaria  u  zasebne  rodove.  Stoga,  naši  rezultati  podržavaju tvrdnju  da  vrsta  I.  helenium  treba  biti  izdvojena  od  preostalihvrsta  roda  Inula  u  zaseban  rod,  pri  čemu  je  njena  autentičnost evidentna na nivou  anatomije i mikromorfologije  vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa.Rezultati  hemijske  analize  etarskog  ulja  pružili  su  do  sada nepoznate  podatke  o  kvalitativnom  i  kvantitativnom  sastavu etarskog ulja podzemnih organa analiziranih taksona i ukazali na mogućnost njihove primene u taksonomiji ispitivanog tribusa  na nivou  identifikacije  pojedinačnih  taksona.  Takođe,  dobijenirezultati  ukazali  su  na  nove  potencijalno  lekovite  vrste  koje predstavljaju  potencijalni  resurs  za  farmaceutsku  industriju. Rezultati  analize  osnovnih  komponenti  kao  i  rezultati korespodentne  analize  ukazali  su  na  odsustvo  tendencije grupisanja  taksona  koji  pripadaju  istom  rodu  prema  trenutnovažećoj  klasifikaciji.  Zbog  velike  varijabilnosti  uslovljene faktorima  spoljašnje  sredine  sastav  etarskih  ulja  ne  može  se koristiti  samostalno  kao  pouzdan  hemotaksonomski  marker. Ipak,  rezultati  o  sastavu  etarskih  ulja  značajni  su  u  smislu njihove  primene  u  medicinske  i  kozmetičke  svrhe,  u  industrijigde se etarska ulja koriste kao sirovina, te su dobijeni rezultati značajni  i  u  kontekstu  evaluacije  kvaliteta  etarskih  ulja ispitivanih vrsta.Sprovedeno  istraživanje  daje  značajan  doprinos  u  pogledu tačnije  klasifikacije  unutar  tribusa  koja  se  danas  bazira uglavnom  na  morfološkim  karakteristikama.  Detaljno  opisani morfo-anatomski  i  mikromorfološki  karakteri  analiziranihvegetativnih  i  reproduktivnih  organa  doprinose  boljem poznavanju  karakteristika  vrsta  analiziranih  rodova  i predstavljaju  dopunu  postojećim  podacima  o  analiziranimtaksonima.  Takođe,  na  bazi  morfo-anatomskih  karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma izrađen je dihotomi ključ za determinaciju analiziranih rodova i vrsta. Korišćenjem metoda diskriminantne i korespodentne analize izdvojeni su i karakteri na osnovu kojih je moguće  izvršiti  diskriminaciju  određenih  grupa  u  okviruanaliziranih taksona.
A  comparative  analysis  of  morpho-anatomical  and micromorphological characteristics of leaf, stem, rhizome, root, fruit and receptacle, as well as biochemical analysis of essential oils of underground organs, was conducted over 16 species of 4 genera,  Inula  (I.  aschersoniana,  I.  bifrons,  I.  britannica,  I.conyza, I. ensifolia, I. germanica, I. helenium, I. oculus-christi, I. saslicina ssp. salicina, I. salicina ssp. aspera, I. spiraeifolia), Dittrichia  (D.  graveolens,  D.  viscosa),  Limbarda  (L. crithmoides)  and  Pulicaria  (P.  dysenterica,  P.  vulgaris)  tribe Inuleae,  Compositae.  In  addition  to  the  fact  that  the  species from  different  genera  analysed  in  this  paper  were  previously placed  in different sections within  Inula,  I. helenium  L., as the type  species  of  the  genus  Inula,  has  also  been  placed  in  a separate section  Corvisartia.  According to the latest molecular phylogenetic  analyses,  based  on  plastid  and  nuclear  DNA sequence data, as well as morphological and karyological data, it  is  suggested  that  section  Corvisartia  should  be  segregated from  the  remaining  Inula  species  as  a  separate  genus,  thus achieving  a  greater  morphological  homogeneity  of  the  genus Inula.  The objectives of dissertation are defined in accordance with  the  fact  that  the  data  on  the  morpho-anatomical, micromorphological and biochemical structure of the vegetative and reproductive organs of species of examined tribe are sparse and  incomplete,  while  the  analyses  were  carried  out  on  few species  of  Inula,  Pulicaria,  Dittrichia  and  Limbarda,  but  less emphasis  was  placed  on  comparative  purpose.  The  research involved  a  large  number  of  qualitative  and  quantitative characters  that  were  analysed  and  measured  using  a stereomicroscope,  light,  fluorescent  and  scanning  electron microscope.  The  obtained  data  were  statistically  processed  by various numerical analysis methods  usually  used in taxonomic research. These types  of analyses for the species of the generaInula,  Dittrichia,  Limbard  and  Pulicaria  have  not  been recorded in the literature so far. The  conducted  analysis  showed  that  vegetative  organs  do  not provide  enough  information  on  the  basis  of  which  certain groups  of  species  could  be  singled  out  with  statistically significant  suport,  neither  the  genera  according  to  the  actual classification.  The  yielded  results  indicated  that  the  species from  different  genera  were  clearly  delimited  on  the  basis  of their  carpological  and  receptacular  micromorphological  and anatomical characteristics. Receptacle features and organisation of  sclerenchyma  tissue  in  a  fruit  are  traits  that  tend  to  be diagnostic for genera. The features that separate analysed taxa  are:  two  rows  of  pappus  hairs  in  Pulicaria  species;  the  ring constriction  of  the  fruit  over  which  it  passes  into  pappus,  the sclerenchymatous tissue in fruit in form  of continuous ring, the type  of  trichomes  on  the  receptacular  surface  in  Dittrichia species;  the  fruit  with  secretory  ducts,  and  the  receptacular surface  with  weakly  pronounced  ridges  without  glands  in  L. crithmoides.  I. helenium  fruits differ from those of all the other species  by  their  size,  greater  number  of  inconspicuous sclerenchymatic  bundles,  and  poorly  expressed  ridges  among carpopodial prints  with glandular and non-glandular trichomes distributed along them. Results revealed that I. helenium  stands out  as  a  separate  taxon,  based   on  the  anatomical  and micromorphological  characteristics  of  its  fruit  and  receptacle, with equally small percentage of statistical support, which also supports the recognition of Pulicaria,  Dittrichia and Limabarda as  separate  genera.  Obtained   results  support  the  claim  that  I. helenium should be separated from the Inula genus, whereby its authenticity  is  evident  at  the  level  of  anatomy  and  micromorphology of vegetative and reproductive organs. The chemical analysis of the essential oil has provided new  data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil of the  underground organs of the analysed taxa  and pointed out  the  possibility  of  their  application  in  taxonomy.  Also,  the obtained results indicated potentially  new medicinal plants that represent  a  potential  resource for the  pharmaceutical  industry. Principal  component  analysis  as  well  as  the  results  of  the Correspondent  analysis  indicated  the  absence  of  the  grouping tendency of taxa belonging to the same genus,  according to the actual classification. Due to the high variability conditioned by the  environmental  factors  the  composition  of  essential  oils cannot  be  used  independently  as  a  reliable  chemotaxonomic  marker.  However,  the  results  of  the  composition  of  essential oils are significant in terms of their application for medical and cosmetic  purposes, in the industry  where  oils  are  used  as raw materials,  and  the  results  obtained  are  also  significant  in  the context  of  evaluation  of  the  quality  of  investigated  essential oils.The  conducted  research  makes  a  significant  contribution  to more precise classification within the  tribe, which is now basedmainly  on  morphological  characteristics.  The  detailed description  of  morpho-anatomical  and   micromorphological characters  of  the  analysed  vegetative  and  reproductive  organs contributes  to  better  knowledge  of  the  characteristics  of  the analysed  species  and  complements  the  existing  data  on  them. Also, on the basis of morpho-anatomical characteristics of the fruit and the receptacle a dichotomous key  for the determination of the analysed genera and species  was developed. According to  the  Discriminant  and  Correspodent  analysis  the characteristics  on  which  is  possible  to  discriminate  certain groups within the analysed genera are also distinguished.

This paper deals with principal issues of the civil liability of the corporates governance bodies. The question of ,,corporate governance” are not enough analyzed in the law doctrine of Lithuania. The term ,,corporate governance” related with the corporate governance systems, governance bodies, shareholders and other stakeholders. This definition depend on every country legal framework, rules, procedures and traditions. The status problems of corporate governance bodies are shortly discussed in this study. There are made conclusion, that they are liable under Civil law rules. This means that director is subject of full liability principle, which require that he/she would have to cover all damages, which are result of his/her illegal action. The member of corporate governance body becomes civilly liable when four conditions are present: damage, illegal action, causality and fault. The general obligations of the corporate governance bodies provided in the Lithuanian Civil Code, Corporation Act, the local acts of corporation and they rise from specifical (fiduciary) theirs position. Fiduciary duty means an obligation to act in the best interest of another party. The corporate governance bodies duties falled into three broad categories: the duty of care, duty of loyalty and duty to act in good faith. This work discuss about the limitation of the directors civil liability, the directors liability insurance.
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El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es revitalizar medidas de centralidad bajo un prisma dinámico que permite el análisis de la evolución de redes sociales bajo una nueva perspectiva. Además, utilizamos la idea de inserción dinámica (dynamic embeddedness) para explorar diversas etapas de comportamiento de las empresas, desde la respuesta de la empresa a los choques exógenos dentro y fuera de la industria hasta sus mecanismos de comportamiento basados en la aspiración, y la participación en colaboraciones estratégicas para llevar a cabo esfuerzos exploratorios o de explotación de decisiones estratégicas. Específicamente, hacemos un seguimiento de la evolución dinámica de la inserción del actor (i.e. empresa) teniendo en cuenta tanto las principales empresas como sus socios en la red, proporcionando una visión mejorada de la dinámica global de la industria farmacéutica durante el período 1991-2012. Nuestros resultados muestran el verdadero impacto de la crisis financiera y sus efectos de recesión en la red de empresas de la industria farmacéutica, sugiriendo la importancia, y al mismo tiempo la fragilidad de las transacciones estratégicas a las perturbaciones exógenas de carácter crítico. Además, proponemos un marco integrado para conectar conceptos tales como aspiraciones organizacionales y redes sociales dinámicas. En este sentido, integramos el concepto de inserción dinámica en los modelos de aspiración basados en el rendimiento empresarial, demostrando que el comportamiento organizacional en forma de alianzas estratégicas es más visible cuanto menor es la distancia entre el rendimiento de la empresa y el nivel de sus aspiraciones, estando estos resultados en línea con la literatura actual sobre el tema. Además, se confirma que para las empresas insertadas en una red, la relación entre la formación de alianzas y la diferencia resultados-aspiraciones es más débil. Por último, se explora la compleja relación, donde los conceptos de ser ambidiestro, la diferencia rendimiento-aspiración y el arraigo dinámico las consecuencias significativas que se derivan. A pesar de que una empresa sea ambidiestra tiene un efecto unidireccional establecido con el rendimiento de la empresa, se sabe poco sobre el efecto inverso sobre el comportamiento ambidiestro de la organización. Postulamos que los la diferencia entre el rendimiento y las aspiraciones de una empresa tienen un efecto positivo sobre la el comportamiento ambidiestro de la misma en el contexto de las alianzas estratégicas, y sondeamos el impacto de las medidas de centralidad de red dinámica (es decir inserción dinámica) en la tendencia de la firma para equilibrar la exploración y explotación de alianzas. A través de un enfoque multidimensional (es decir, estructural y funcional), encontramos apoyo a nuestras hipótesis, observando también un efecto moderador significativo de las medidas de centralidad dinámica.
The objective of this dissertation is to revitalize centrality measures under a dynamic light that enables their evolution and brings traditional social network analysis under a new perspective. Additionally, we use dynamic embeddedness to explore various stages of firm behavior, from firm’s response to exogenous shocks within and across industry to its behavioral aspiration based mechanisms, and strategic decision making to engage in interfirm collaborations and pursue explorative or exploitative endeavors. Specifically, we track the dynamic evolution of actor´s structural embeddedness by considering both top firms and especially their ego-network partners, providing an enhanced view of the global pharmaceutical industry dynamics for the period 1991-2012. Our results show the true impact of both financial crisis and its recession effects on the pharmaceutical network, suggesting the importance, and at the same time the fragility of strategic transactions toward exogenous perturbations of critical nature. Additionally, we propose an integrated framework bridging such concepts as performance feedback, and dynamic social networks. In this sense, we integrate the concept of dynamic embeddedness in performance-based aspiration models, and show that organizational behavior in the form of strategic alliance formation is more visible the closer the distance between firm performance and its aspirations’ level, but less visible the further firm performance departs from its aspirations, these results being in line with current literature on the topic. We also confirm that for dynamically embedded firms the relationship between alliance formation and the performance-aspiration gap is weaker. Finally, we explore the intricate relationship between the concepts of ambidexterity, aspiration performance and dynamic embeddedness and the significant consequences that follow. Even though alliance ambidexterity has an established unidirectional relationship with firm’s financial performance, little is known on the reverse effect of performance feedback on firm’s ambidextrous behavior. We posit that performance based aspiration models in strategic alliance networks have a positive effect on organizational ambidexterity, and probe the impact of dynamic network centrality measures (i.e. dynamic embeddedness) on firm’s tendency to balance alliance exploration and exploitation. Through a multidimensional (i.e. structural and functional) approach, we find support for our hypotheses as well as observe the significant moderating effect of dynamic network centrality measures.

Mokslinis tiriamasis darbas buvo vykdomas 2012–2014 metais Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Veterinarijos akademijos ir X mėsos įmonės skerdykloje. Darbo apimtis 51 puslapis, darbe pateiktos 7 lentelės, 5 paveikslai, priede pateiktos 6 lentelės. Darbo pavadinimas: Kiaulių poskerdiminio tyrimo rezultatų analizė. Darbo tikslas: Atsižvelgiant į žaliavos tiekėją, nustatyti kiaulių poskerdiminio tyrimo metu nustatomus pakitimus. Darbo uždaviniai:  nustatyti iš skirtingų ūkių tiekiamoms kiaulėms poskerdiminio tyrimo metu nustatomus pakitimus;  nustatyti iš skirtingų ūkių tiekiamoms kiaulėms poskerdiminio tyrimo metu 10 dažniausiai nustatomų pakitimų;  nustatyti vienu metu tos pačios kiaulės organuose ir audiniuose nustatomų pakitimų kiekį. Tyrimo rezultatai: skerdžiamų kiaulių poskerdiminio tyrimo metu randamų pakitimų analizė reikšminga, nes bet koks gyvulio sveikatos sutrikimas ne tik sukelia tam tikrų organų pažeidimus, bet ir tiesiogiai veikia skerdžiamų gyvulių skerdenų sanitarinę būklę bei kokybę, tai yra itin svarbi maisto kontrolės grandinės dalis, užtikrinant maisto saugumą, o kartu ir visuomenės sveikatą. Tiriamuoju laikotarpiu mėsos įmonėse daugiausia kiaulių (79,9 proc.) buvo paskersta iš Lietuvos ir Estijos pramoninių fermų (kompleksų), tik 2,10 2,32 proc. kiaulių paskersta iš nedidelių žemės ūkio bendrovių ir ūkininkų fermų (p<0,001). Poskerdiminio tyrimo metu 12,75 proc. kiaulių rastas vienas pakitimas, 2,79 proc. kiaulių rasti du pakitimai, 0,87 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The research investigation was conducted during 2012–2014 at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Veterinary Academy and in the meat-processing company abattoir. The investigation includes 51 pages, 7 tables and 5 graphics. 6 tables are presented in the appendix. Title: Incidence Analysis of Organ and Tissue Lesions in Post-Slaughter Hogs Objective: Determine the incidence of organ and tissue lesions (hereinafter – lesions) in post-slaughter hogs results in respect to producer farm. Assignments: 1. Determine lesions in post-slaughter hogs from different producer farms. 2. Determine the primary 10 lesions found in post-slaughter hogs. 3. Determine the amount of lesions found simultaneously in one hog. Investigation results: The analysis of lesions in post-slaughtered hogs is significant. Any health disorder of an animal not only causes various organ or tissue lesions but it also directly affects the hygiene and quality of meat which is notably important within the food chain and in protecting public health. During the investigation period at the meat-processing plant, the origin of most hogs (79.9%) were from Lithuanian and Estonian industrial farms (complexes) and 2.10 – 2.32% were produced at smaller agricultural companies or farms (p<0.001). The post-slaughter investigation results showed one lesion in 12.75% of hogs, two lesions in 2.79%, three lesions in 0.87%, four lesions in 0.18%, five lesions in 0.03% and more than five lesions in 0.01% of hogs. One lesion was... [to full text]

Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet kyrkomusiker och deras exponering för ljud inom sin tjänst, främst med fokus på piporgel. Undersökningen har genomförts med kyrkomusiker och kyrkoherdar i Enköpings kontrakt för att få en uppfattning av kyrkomusikernas exponering till piporgelljud och om de kan ha fått en hörselskada utav detta. Huvudsakligen har studien baserats på individuella intervjuer med kyrkomusikerna och enkätsvar från kyrkoherdarna. I sex utvalda kyrkor har även ljudmätningar gjorts med en decibelmätare. Resultaten visar att hörselskaderisken är relativt låg vid piporgelspel, medan ljudexponering från körer anses vara ett större problem. Denna studie var begränsad geografiskt till ett kontrakt inom svenska kyrkan i Sverige och kan inte berätta om det är annorlunda någon annanstans.

Veno-arterijski gradijent ugljen-dioksida (Pv-aCO2) se smatra pokazateljem adekvatnosti microcirculatornog venskog protoka. U stanjima usporenog protoka dolazi do povećavanja Pv-aCO2 zbog fenomena zadržavanja CO2. Vrednost Pv-aCO2 predložena je kao dodatni cilj rane usmerene terapije kod pacijenata sa septičnim šokom. Cilj rada bilo je utvrditi postojanje korelacije promene Pv-aCO2 s promenom SOFA (“Sequential Organ Failure Assessment”) skora (delta SOFA) nakon primene rane ciljane terapije, kao i korelacije vrednosti različitih pokazatelja krvnog protoka unutar prvih 12 sati od početka lečenja pacijenata sa sepsom. Sekundarni cilj bilo je utvrditi postojanje korelacije Pv-aCO2 6 sati nakon početka rane ciljane terapije (T6) s dužinom boravka u intenzivnoj jedinici i ishodom lečenja. Prospektivnim, neintervencijskim ispitivanjem obuhvaćeno je 150 pacijenata sa sepsom ili septičnim šokom. Merenja serumskog laktata, saturacije kiseonikom mešane venske krvi (ScvO2) i Pv-aCO2 vršena su na početku rane ciljane terapije (T0), posle 6 i 12 sati (T6, T12). Pv-aCO2 se računao kao razlika između parcijalnog pritiska ugljen dioksida arterijske i mešane venske krvi. Vrednost SOFA skora određivana je u vremenu T0 i nakon 48 časova (T48). Pacijenti su za potrebe analize podeljeni u dve grupe na osnovu promene SOFA skora [(1) pacijenti kod kojih je došlo do smanjenja SOFA skora (delta SOFA < 0); (2) pacijenti kod kojih je smanjenje SOFA skora izostalo (delta SOFA ≥ 0)] i na osnovu vrednosti Pv-aCO2 u vremenu T6 [(1) pacijenti sa visokim Pv-aCO2 (≥ 0.8 kPa); (2) pacijenti sa normalnim Pv-aCO2 (< 0.8 kPa)]. Između dve grupe pacijenata, sa normalnim i visokim Pv-aCO2, statistički značajne razlike uočene su samo u odnosu na najvišu vrednost respiratorne komponente SOFA skora (p=0.01). Uočena je statistički značajna korelacija između vrednosti Pv-aCO2 i laktata u vremenu T6 (r=0.2), Pv-aCO2 i ScvO2 u vremenu T0 (r=-0.4) i T12 (r=-0.24) kao i laktata i ScvO2 u vremenu T0 (r=-0.26) i T12 (r=-0.18). Analizom ponavljanih merenja nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između promene vrednosti Pv-aCO2 unutar prvih 6 sati s promenom SOFA skora unutar prvih 48 sati nakon početka rane ciljane terapije (p=0.12). Utvrđeno je da su vrednosti Pv-aCO2 u vremenu T6 bile loš prediktor smrtnog ishoda. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u dužini boravka u intenzivnoj jedinici i ishodu lečenja u zavisnosti od vrednosti Pv-aCO2.
Central venous-arterial CO2 difference (Pv-aCO2) reflects adequacy of microcirculatory venous flow. Widening of Pv-aCO2 due to CO2-stagnant phenomenon is described in the low flow states. Pv-aCO2 was proposed as an additional resuscitation target for patients with septic shock.The aim of this study was to examine correlation between changes in Pv-aCO2 and SOFA score as well as different blood flow indices (lactate, mixed venous oxygen saturation) 12 hours after onset of resuscitation in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Secondary aim was to evaluate association of delta CO2 6 hours after onset of resuscitation and patient outcomes (length of stay in the ICU, mortality). Prospective observational study included 150 patients with sepsis. Simultaneous measurements of lactate, mixed venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and delta PCO2 were performed at onset of resuscitation (T0) and after 6 hours (T6). Delta PCO2 was calculated as a difference between arterial PCO2 and PCO2 from mixed venous blood. Organ dysfunction was evaluated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at T0 and after 48 hours (T48). Mortality was assessed after 28 days. For data analysis purposes two groups were created based on delta SOFA [(1) patients with SOFA score decrease (delta SOFA <0); (2) patients without SOFA score decrease (delta SOFA ≥ 0)] and based on Pv-aCO2 [(1) patients with high Pv-aCO2 (≥0.8 kPa); (2) patients with normal Pv-aCO2 (<0.8 kPa). Patients with high and normal Pv-aCO2 differed only with respect to highest respiratory SOFA score (p=0.01) Change in Pv-aCO2 between T0 and T6 was not in correlation with change in SOFA score between T0 and T48 (p=0.12). Moderate statistically significant correlation was found between Pv-aCO2 and lactate at T6 (r=0.2), and moderate inverse correlation between Pv-aCO2 and ScvO2 at T0 (r=-0.4) and T12 (r=-0.25) and ScvO2 and lactate at T0 (r=-0.27) and T12 (r=-0.18). Pv-aCO2 at T6 was not associated with 28-day mortality and length of stay in the ICU.

Muzika skambanti bažnyčioje, jos atlikėjai bei atlikimas yra saistomi Bažnyčios dokumentuose nustatytomis normomis, įstatymais, rekomendacijomis, kurie privalomi ir turi būti vykdomi kiekvienoje parapijoje. Magistrinio darbo temą inspiravo daugelyje Bažnyčios dokumentų išsakomas nuogąstavimas dėl nukrypimų nuo sakralinės muzikos tikslo ir padėties: per didelis koncertiškumas, pramoginis muzikos atspalvis, kompozicijų ištęstinumas, nesaikingumas, kuris gali vesti žmogų į bergždžią išsiblaškymą, paviršutiniškumo išraišką. Bažnyčioje neturėtų būti nieko, kas trikdytų ar mažintų tikinčiųjų pamaldumą, kas keltų papiktinimą nepasitenkinimą, kas nusižengtų liturgijos sakralumui. Muzika yra pavaldi pamaldoms. Todėl žmogaus santykis su sakraline muzika ir raiškos savastis yra labai tampriai susiję ir vienas kitam daro įtaką. Muzika turi pajėgti žmogaus sielą pakelti į maldingą bendravimą su Viešpačiu. O už žmogaus ir sakralios muzikos sklaidą atsako bažnyčia, kompozitoriai, vargonininkai, choro vadovai, giedotojai, bendruomenė, instrumentalistai. Todėl savo darbe analizavau šias tarnystes, aiškindamasi kaip jos galėtų pasitarnauti žmogaus pamaldumo augimui ir sakralios muzikos skleidimui. Magistriniame darbe buvo siekiama: apibūdinti žmogaus santykį su sakraline muzika pagal Katalikų Bažnyčios dokumentus; apibūdinti giesmininkų reikšmę liturgijoje ir jų dažniausiai daromas klaidas; suformuoti muzikanto tarnystės reikalavimus; apibrėžti instrumentų naudojimą liturgijoje; patikrinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Church music, its character and its performers have to conform to the norms provided by the documents of the Church. The laws and recommendations found in these documents are obligatory for every parish. This master paper has been inspired by the regret of the Church documents about some deviations from the aim and the true role of sacral music, such as concert–like style, the shade of pop music, prolonged composition, lack of taste, etc. This can lead people to absent-mindedness and superficiality in prayer. Nothing in the church should decrease people’s concentration or the holiness of the liturgy. Music must be second to liturgy, it must lift people’s souls to pious communication with God. Therefore, man’s relationship with sacral music and its expression influence one another. The quality of this relationship and of the music in church is the responsibility of the parish, of composers, organists, choir directors, singers, instrument players and of the community as a whole. Thus, this paper deals with all of these ministries and their role in helping church music to increase people’s piety. The paper aims at showing people’s relationship with sacral music according to the documents of the Catholic Church, as well as the role of the singers in the liturgy and the most frequent mistakes they make. The paper also tries to formulate the requirements for musical service and the use of instruments in the liturgy. We have investigated into the opinions of church organists in... [to full text]

Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en la recuperació i estudi de la figura del músic valencià, de Silla, Francisco Antich Carbonell, en les seves facetes de compositor, organista, pedagog i editor musical. La finalitat d'aquesta tesi és donar a conèixer la trajectòria personal i la contribució al patrimoni musical valencià d'aquest músic de qui va ser mestre de compositors i personalitats tan rellevants de la historiografia musical del nostre país com Eduardo López-Chavarri Marco, Rafael Rodríguez Albert o Joaquín Rodrigo. L'estudi de les obres que es conserven actualment en els diferents arxius i biblioteques de València, m'ha permès elaborar un complet catàleg de producció musical, a través del qual podem conèixer les característiques musicals i tècniques de cadascuna d'elles, així com els manuscrits i les edicions impreses, i localitzar en quins arxius i biblioteques podem trobar cada obra, la qual cosa unit a aspectes d'escriptura i transcripció, ens ofereixen una gran font d'informació sobre les seves obres. Això ens ha permès també trobar obres noves que no havien estat abans citades en altres biografies o catàlegs musicals d'aquest músic i compositor. La col·laboració musical de Francisco Antich Carbonell amb un altre músic i compositor, Gervasio Mariano Pérez Sánchez de Requena -més conegut com Mariano Pérez Sánchez-, m'ha permès endinsar-me en la faceta de la composició musical escènica, de temàtica profana, de Francisco Antich Carbonell. Al meu entendre aquest músic de Silla, hauria d'ocupar un lloc destacat en la música valenciana i espanyola.
Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la recuperación y estudio de la figura del músico valenciano, de Silla, Francisco Antich Carbonell, en sus facetas de compositor, organista, pedagogo y editor musical. La finalidad de esta tesis es dar a conocer la trayectoria personal y la contribución al patrimonio musical valenciano de este músico de quien fue maestro de compositores y personalidades tan relevantes de la historiografía musical de nuestro país como Eduardo López-Chavarri Marco, Rafael Rodríguez Albert o Joaquín Rodrigo. El estudio de las obras que se conservan actualmente en los diferentes archivos y bibliotecas de Valencia, me ha permitido elaborar un completo catálogo de producción musical, a través del cual podemos conocer las características musicales y técnicas de cada una de ellas, así como los manuscritos y las ediciones impresas, y localizar en qué archivos y bibliotecas podemos encontrar cada obra, lo que unido a aspectos de escritura y transcripción, nos ofrecen una gran fuente de información sobre sus obras. Eso nos ha permitido también encontrar obras nuevas que no habían estado antes citadas en otras biografías o catálogos musicales de este músico y compositor. La colaboración musical de Francisco Antich Carbonell con otro músico y compositor, Gervasio Mariano Pérez Sánchez de Requena -más conocido como Mariano Pérez Sánchez-, me ha permitido adentrarme en la faceta de la composición musical escénica, de temática profana, de Francisco Antich Carbonell. En mi opinión este músico de Silla, debería ocupar un lugar destacado en la música valenciana y española.
This thesis doctoral focuses on the recovery and study of the figure of the Valencian musician, of Silla, Francisco Antich Carbonell, in his facets of composer, organist, pedagogo and musical editor. The purpose of this thesis is to make known the personal trajectory and contribution to the Valencian musical heritage of this musician of whome he was the teacher of composers and personalities as relevant in the musical historiography of our country as Eduardo López-Chavarri Marco, Rafael Rodríguez Albert or Joaquín Rodrigo. The study of the works that are currently preserved in the different archives and libraries of Valencia, has allowed me elaborate a complete catalogue of musical production, through which we can know the musical and technical characteristics of each one of them, as well as the manuscripts and the printed editions, and locate in which files and libraries can find each work, which together with aspects of writing and transcription, offer us a great source of information about his works. That has also allowed us to find new works that had not previously been mentioned in other biographies or musical catalogues of this musician and composer. The musical collaboration of Francisco Antich Carbonell with another musician and composer, Gervasio Mariano Pérez Sánchez of Requena –better known as Mariano Pérez Sánchez-, has allowed me to delve into the facet of Francisco Antich Carbonell's stage music composition. In my opinion this musician of Silla, should occupy a prominent place in the Valencian and Spanish music.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuoti universiteto valdymo pokyčiai po 2009 m. mokslo ir studijų reformos. Darbe iškelta universitetų valdymo struktūros kaitos problema, įvertinami valdymo subjektų funkcijų perskirstymo, sudėties formavimo, universitetų autonomijos bei atskaitomybės visuomenei aspektai. Lyginami Aukštojo mokslo (2000 m.) ir Mokslo ir studijų (2009 m.) įstatymai, siekiant nustatyti valdymo reformos pokyčius, apibrėžti jų privalumus ir trūkumus. Pirmoje darbo dalyje apžvelgiamas viešojo valdymo kontekstas, analizuojant viešojo valdymo paradigmą, išryškinami viešojo valdymo principai ir modernizavimo prielaidos Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo reformoms vykti. Aptariamas aukštojo mokslo institucijų valdymas, pristatoma aukštojo mokslo samprata, aukštojo mokslo institucijos vaidmuo, jos veiklos administravimas. Išskiriamos universitetų valdymo problemos, kurios darė įtaką universitetų valdymo struktūros pokyčiams, valstybinio reguliavimo ir aukštojo mokslo institucijos autonomijos santykio apibrėžimui. Lyginamuoju aspektu aptariama Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų valdymo struktūra, analizuojant teisės aktus, išryškinamos aukštosios mokyklos valdymo subjektų funkcijos, sudėtis ir jos formavimo principai. Antroje darbo dalyje aprašomas universitetų valdymo pokyčių tyrimas. Remiantis dokumentų ir mokslinės literatūros analize, organizuojamas universitetų valdymo pokyčių empirinis tyrimo modelis. Atliktas empirinis kokybinis tyrimas, pateikiami ir analizuojami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In Master‘s work are analysis of the changes of universities management after reform of science and studies in 2009. In this work was raised a problem of change in structure of universities management, evaluated aspects of reformation of functions of management bodies, formation of structure, autonimy of universities and accountability to society. There is comparison of the Law of Higher education (2000) and the Law of Science and Studies (2009) in order to identify management changes and to discribe its advantages and disadvantages. In the first chapter is reviewed the content of public management by analysing paradigm of public management and there is highlighted principles of public management and assumptions for modernization in performing reforms of higher education area. There is reviewed the management of higher education organizations, is represented a conception of higher education, a role of higher education organization and administration of its activities. Also there is excreted university‘s management problems that have influenced changes to structure of higher education management and to description of relations of state regulation and autonomy of higher education institutions. Using comparing method there is reviewed structure of higher education schools in Lithuania, legislation acts, also there is highlighted functions, structure and formation priciples of higher educaton schools‘ management subjects. In the secind chapter is described a research in changes... [to full text]

Teisės doktrinoje teigiama, kad juridinis asmuo yra išvestinis civilinės teisės subjektas, įgyjantis civilines teises, prisiimantis civilines pareigas ir jas įgyvendinantis per savo organus, kurie sudaromi ir veikia pagal įstatymus ir juridinių asmenų steigimo dokumentus. Atsižvelgiant į ribotą darbo apimtį, darbe nagrinėjami valdybos, kaip kolegialaus valdymo organo, narių civilinės atsakomybės labiausiai Lietuvos Respublikoje paplitusiai privačiųjų juridinių asmenų rūšiai – bendrovei taikymo ypatumai. Turint omenyje, kad teisinė atsakomybė kyla nevykdant ir/ar netinkamai vykdant asmeniui nustatytas teisines pareigas, visų pirma, darbe yra identifikuojamos valdybos narių pareigos bendrovei, šių pareigų turinys, aptariama valdybos teisinė prigimtis. Pagrindinis darbo tyrimas yra nukreiptas į valdybos narių teisinės atsakomybės prigimties, jos taikymo prielaidų ir pagrindų nustatymą. Šiuo tikslu darbo autorius nagrinėja ir apibrėžia teisinį santykį, susiklostantį tarp bendrovės ir valdybos narių. Darbe analizuojama kokia civilinės teisinės atsakomybės rūšis yra taikoma valdybos nariams – sutartinė ar deliktinė. Siekiant nustatyti valdybos narių civilinės teisinės atsakomybės taikymo prielaidas, analizuojama koks iš civilinės teisinės atsakomybės valdybos nariams modelių – individualus ar kolektyvinis, yra taikomas Lietuvos Respublikoje. Taip pat darbe yra nagrinėjami civilinės teisinės atsakomybės valdybos nariams taikymo sąlygų probleminiai aspektai. Darbe plačiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Legal doctrine holds that a legal entity is a derivative subject of the Civil law which acquires civil rights, assumes civil obligations and implements it through their bodies which are formed and act in accordance with the laws and documents of incorporation. Considering the limited scope of work, this thesis analyzes the peculiarities of civil liability of Board members as a collegial body to the most widespread type of private legal entities in the Republic of Lithuania - companies. Taking into account that the civil liability arises due to a failure to perform or improper performance of civil duties, thesis defines the duties of Board members to the company, the scope of such duties, as well as discusses the legal nature of the Board. The main focus of the study is to determine the nature of legal liability of Board members, its assumptions and bases. To achieve this goal the author examines and defines the legal relationship between the company and Board members. Thesis analyzes which kind of civil liability - contractual or tort - applies to the members of the Board. In order to determine the assumptions of civil liability of the members of the Board, it is analyzed whether individual or collective model of civil liability of Board members is applied in the Republic of Lithuania. Moreover, thesis covers the problematic aspects of the conditions of civil liability applied to Board members. Thesis extensively relies on jurisprudence of the courts of the Republic of... [to full text]

Cette thèse se fonde sur le principe d’une reconstruction biographique et dans le même temps sur l’analyse d’un contexte culturel dans lequel le protagoniste naît, se forme et œuvre. La vie d’Alessandro Esposito, ses expériences, ses rencontres deviennent la source d’un intérêt scientifique grâce à une fine recherche, finalisée à une contextualisation historique, géographique et musicologique. Parallèlement à cette chronologie, plusieurs sentiers ont été tracés, mettant à la lumière une multitude de situations hétérogènes, consacrées au monde de l’orgue, illustrées grâce à la découverte d’une documentation riche. L’identification, la classement et l’analyse de tous ces témoins, ont débouché sur plusieurs domaines de recherche qui ont concerné le parcours du protagoniste : sa formation et sa spécialisation, répondant à une période qui s’étend de 1924 à 1942 ; son activité de concertiste (1926-1981), son répertoire et sa manière d’interpréter la musique ; son activité de compositeur (1926-1978), particulièrement consacrée à l’orgue et à son répertoire liturgique et de concerts ; son activité d’enseignant (1941-1978) et son activité pour l’édition (1956-1976). Le facteur transversal et constant qui s’est posé lors de cette recherche a été de trouver la pensée d’Alessandro Esposito sur la conception de l’orgue et sur son activité d’animateur du débat relatif à l’interprétation de la littérature et aux progrès dans l’art de la facture d’orgue. L’aptitude de cet homme, intéressé à tous les domaines concernant le monde de l’orgue et de sa musique, se vouant à concilier avec engagement et succès des activités aussi différentes, nous révèle sa prédisposition à un éclectisme qui nous permet, donc, de nous pencher sur un monde hétérogène, qui recueille des opinions et des points de vue divergents, qui réunit des pensées et des méthodes différentes concernant le roi des instruments, lequel devient un véritable protagoniste de ce travail
This thesis is based on the principle of biographical reconstruction and, at the same time, on the analysis of a cultural context into which the protagonist was born, studied and operated. Alessandro Esposito’s life, his experiences and his enconunters become a source of scientific interest thanks to a meticulous research, aimed at a historical, geographical and musicological contextualization. Parallel to this chronology, numerous paths are traced that highlight a series of heterogeneous situations addressed to the world of the organ, illustrated thanks to the discovery of a rich documentation. Identification, classification and analysis of these witnesses led the reflection towards the different research areas encountered by the protagonist in his human path : training and specialization, relating to a period that extends from 1924 to 1942, the concert activity (1926-1981), the repertoire and the interpretative characteristics; the activity of composer (1926-1978), particularly dedicated to the organ in its liturgical and concertistic role; the didactic activity (1941-1978) and the editorial one (1956-1976). The transversal and constant factor that stems from this research is the identification of Alessandro Esposito's thinking about the concept of the organ, through the observation of his activity as an animator of the debate concerning the interpretation of literature and progress in the art of organ building. This man’s fascination with every area of the world of the organ and music related to it, allows him to combine many different activities, which reveal a predisposition and an eclecticism that permits a reflection about the complex world, rich in opinions and divergent points of view concerning the king of instruments, the true protagonist of this work

Nicolaus Bruhns (1665-1697) fut organiste à la Marienkirche de Husum (Schleswig-Holstein), et Kapellmeister au service des ducs de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. Si nous ne possédons aujourd’hui qu’une poignée de ses pièces pour orgue (quatre praeludia et un choral-fantaisie), nous pouvons apprécier l’ingéniosité de cet auteur à travers sa production d’œuvres sacrées, douze cantates où règne une énergie comparable à celle de son professeur Dietrich Buxtehude.Soucieux de mieux cerner les enjeux de l’identité créatrice, nous proposerons une approche contradictoire, fondée sur deux conceptions opposées de l’œuvre d’art : elle est par voie de conséquence le produit d’une culture (parce qu’elle est liée au contexte artistique qui la précède, au regard des éléments qui la constituent et qui sont facilement identifiables dans les œuvres du passé, toute œuvre peut être perçue et pensée comme une synthèse de différents modèles, une forme d’aboutissement culturel), mais aussi le fruit d’une individualité (une œuvre d’art est une élaboration unique, indépendante de toute autre production, au regard des facteurs d’unité qui la structurent ; toute œuvre peut alors être perçue et pensée comme une entité autonome).Cette étude nous permettra de mettre à jour un soubassement de l’activité psychique : l’estimation de la distance entre le fixe et le muable
Nicolaus Bruhns (1665-1697) was an organist at the Marienkirche in Husum (Schleswig-Holstein), and Kapellmeister to the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. If we own today only a handful of his pieces for organ (four praeludia and a chorale-fantasia), we can appreciate the cleverness of this author through his production of sacred works, twelve cantatas where the energy which appears is similar to that of his professor Dietrich Buxtehude.With the concern to better define the stakes of creative identity, we shall put forward a contradictory approach based on two opposite conceptions of the work of art : it is in essence the product of a culture (since it is linked to the artistic context which precedes it, according to the elements which constitute it and which are easily identifiable in the works of the past, any work can be perceived and thought as a synthesis of various models, a form of cultural achievement), but also the result of individuality (a work of art is a unique construction, independent from any other production according to the factors of unity which structure it ; any work may then be perceived and thought as an autonomous entity).This study will enable us to bring to light a basis of the psychic activity : the appraisal of the distance between the fixed and the changing

Lynnwood Farnam, who lived from 1885 to 1930, was considered by most of his contemporaries to be the greatest organist of his day. He came from a close-knit family in a small Canadian town, and his precocious musical gifts led to a scholarship at the Royal College of Music in London at age fifteen. Qualities that characterize his entire life may be observed in correspondence, diaries, notebooks, and scrapbooks from his four years of study there. These have been preserved in the Lynnwood Farnam Collection at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, along with numerous other personal items. Farnam began his professional music career in Montreal, moved to Boston in 1913, and ultimately ended up in New York at the Church of the Holy Communion in 1920. His professional philosophy combined church and concert work into one musical career, as exemplified in his extensive twilight concert series. He also undertook several European and American concert tours, and befriended many of the greatest organists and organ composers of the era. His untimely death at age forty-five elicited an extensive public outpouring of grief. Characteristics of Farnam's playing universally cited time and again by critics include a prodigious manual and pedal technique, an incredible gift for utilizing the myriad of tone colors available on the organ, and a choice of repertoire entirely idiomatic to the instrument. His personal standards of programming and performance would ultimately raise the standards of the profession, and his regular inclusion of Bach's works and earlier compositions would inspire later generations of players to examine and perform this repertoire. Farnam also extensively promoted compositions by his contemporaries, often leading to their eventual inclusion in the standard organ repertoire. Farnam was appointed to head the Organ Department at the Curtis Institute in 1927, and taught some of the most significant players and teachers of the next generation. Through them, his influence extended to future generations of organists.

Gerbert of Aurillac lived at the end of the millenium preceding our own. He was born an obscure peasant. But by virtue of his excellent education, political acumen and good fortune, he ascended to the highest post in Christendom, becoming Pope Sylvester II at the end of the tenth century. His meteoric rise in power helped bring about the genesis of "the legend of Gerbert" after his death. A renowned teacher, Gerbert was accomplished in all the liberal arts and distinguished himself in nearly every field of human endeavor. It was in the context of his role as a teacher and a mathematician that he acquired a reputation as an organbuilder. Among his contributions in that area is a treatise on pipe measurements which is attributed to him in a 12th-century manuscript. Gerbert's reputation as an organbuilder has rested mainly, however, not on any actual deeds he may have accomplished, but on the testimony of William of Malmesbury, a 12th-century English historian. William completed the legend surrounding Gerbert's life, which began in the eleventh century. In the course of his narrative, William credited Gerbert with having built a hydraulic organ in the cathedral of Reims. William's account of the organ is examined in its context, perhaps for the first time. This study reveals that William's account must be dismissed as pure fancy. A feature unique to this study is the use of sources from a variety of disciplines. In order not to present a one-dimensional (and therefore false) appraisal of Gerbert as an organbuilder, we have examined him in his various roles as letter-writer, mathematician, scientist, politician and churchman. Only when we know Gerbert in the context of his life and times can we make a valid assessment of his contribution to the art and craft of organbuilding.

As choir masters, many organists have the responsibility of hiring and working with paid singers as well as a dedicated group of volunteer singers ranging in experience from novice to advanced. The similarities of the human voice to the pipe-organ are numerous. Using these similarities and scientific analysis of the two instruments, organists can familiarize themselves with the tuning system of the human voice. Like the pipe organ, the human voice is capable of wide variety of sounds, qualities, textures, pitches and levels of volume. Unlike an organ pipe, the voice is not a fixed resonator. The voice is the most flexible of all musical instruments. Instructing an ensemble of singers to shape their sound simultaneously is the beginning of “tuning your choral pipes.” It will be important to establish terminology with your singers in order to successfully communicate with them despite their varying levels of ability and pronunciation differences. Becoming familiar with the mechanics of the voice and an alphabet of pure vowel sounds can help organist-choir masters achieve a greater degree of success when working with singers. The stops, pipes and expression pedal of the human voice are defined by the laryngeal muscles as they relate to registration, the vocal tract shape as defined by the vowel, and the amount of volume created by the air pressure. This guide for organists covers these topics and contains exercises for the reader to apply during choral rehearsals.

abstract: As an organist, church musician, and educator, Clifford Demarest (1874-1946) was a prominent figure in New York during the first half of the twentieth century. However, prior to this thesis, Demarest's place within the history of American music, like that of many of his contemporaries, was all but neglected. This research reveals Clifford Demarest as an influential figure in American musical history from around 1900 to his retirement in 1937. Led by contemporary accounts, I trace Demarest's musical influence through his three musical careers: professional organist, church musician, and educator. As a prominent figure in the fledgling American Guild of Organists, Demarest was dedicated to the unification of its members and the artistic legitimacy of the organist profession. As the organist and choir director of the Church of the Messiah, later the Community Church of New York (1911-1946, inclusive), Demarest played an integral part in the liberal atmosphere fostered by the congregation's minister, John Haynes Holmes (1879-1964). Together Holmes and Demarest directly influenced the nascent National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and supported luminaries of the Harlem Renaissance. Influential figures such as Langston Hughes (1902-1967), Augustus Granville Dill (1881-1956), Egbert Ethelred Brown (1875-1956), and Countee Cullen (1903-1946) were inspired by the liberal environment in the Church of the Messiah; however, prior to this research, their connections to the church were unexplored. As the music supervisor of Tenafly High School and later, for the state of New Jersey, Demarest influenced countless students through his passion for music. His compositions for student orchestras are among the earliest to elevate the artistic standards of school music ensembles during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Archival sources such as church records, letters, and newspaper editorials, are synthesized with current research to characterize Demarest's place in these three professional orbits of the early twentieth century. His story also represents those of countless other working musicians from his era that have been forgotten. Therefore, this research opens an important new research field – a window into the dynamic world of the American organist.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Music 2014

Thesis (M.M.) -- Florida State University, 2003.
Advisor: Denise Von Glahn, Florida State University, School of Music. Title and description from thesis home page (viewed 9-29-04). Document formatted into pages; contains 78 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

The master's theses are meant as a monography, that informs about an important personality of the cultural life in Olomouc, doc. PhDr. Zdeněk Fridrich CSc. He made a large impact within the field of historical organ building in Moravia, where he presented the organs and made a case for the necessity of their renewal. His publications are renowned publicly both domestically and internationally. Next, he dealt with composition and created a complex work. He wrote vocal and instrumental compositions ranging from small chamber ensembles to pieces for a symphony orchestra. Not of lesser importance was his pedagogical activity. Zdenek Fridrich taught at the Institut for Music Pedagogy on the Pedagogical Faculty of Palacký University in Olomouc for thirty years where he pedagogically influenced the profiles of many graduates, that have become successful in the musical praxis. Part of this thesis is a CD with examples of Zdenek Fridrich's works.

This diploma thesis is based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, including authentic memories of living witnesses. It focuses on important personalities of the musical life in the border region around the former Sudetenland, specifically on the life and work of selected composers, musicologists, teachers, choir masters , conductors, and active musicians working in the region below the Jestřebí Mountains - the area between Náchod and Trutnov, that is Červený Kostelec, Rtyně v Podkrkonoší, Malé Svatoňovice, Úpice, and Trutnov. These are personalities who contributed not only to the development of regional music, but also to the education of new talents, between the years of 1940 and 1980 of the 20th century (however, the work with its biographical character presents some overlaps to other eras, such as the pre-war era, the times of war, or the post-revolutionary era). In the presented text, individual biographies of selected musically-active individuals are reconstructed, during whose often difficult lives significant historical events (including social repressions) took place. There was often mutual cooperation between the personalities discussed in this work, and they often influenced each other. The profiles of the personalities are arranged alphabetically. KEYWORDS Educator,...

Das Programmheft anlässlich des 2. Orgelspaziergangs am 30. Oktober 2015 (der im Rahmen der Festtage zum 10. Kirchweihfest der Frauenkirche Dresden stattfand) gibt einen Überblick über die geplanten Konzerte an diesem Tag auf den Orgeln der 3 Dresdner Kirchen Frauenkirche, Kreuzkirche und Kathedrale.

This study is a qualitative exploration of the gendered discourses of South African women in middle management. It explores the locations and perspectives from which middle management women speak, the institutions and traditions that inform their discourses and the challenges to dominant discourses on gender present in their talk. It is conducted from a social constructionist framework. The broader South African context is fraught with a contradiction between policy and practice. South Africa’s progressive constitution does not erode women’s tenuous and vulnerable position as is seen in the high incidence of violence against women, sexual harassment and women’s specific vulnerability to and rates of HIV infection. This contradiction is also evident in the labour market where South Africa echoes a global tendency of the continuation of gender stratification in the workplace. This is characterised by a tendency towards gender traditional occupations, a continuing wage gap, discontinued career paths for women, gender stratification of task division at work and unequal work division on the home front. This results in continued gender stratification of management and executive management positions. Women make up approximately 50% of the global, economically active population yet they have not been successful in entering the management world with the same proportion. Using social constructionism and a focus on discourse, this study examines the discursive construction of the gender stratification of the workplace. It starts by exploring how available literature on the topic constructs the problem as related to internal and individual matters, societal and social factors or organisational and institutional processes. It further explores the developments in the field of gender, discourse and organisations. Interview data from semi-structured interviews with women in middle management are analysed using discourse analysis. Different and contradicting discourses emerge from this analysis illustrating different discourses and associated identity positions available to women. The discourse analysis shows how different and contradicting discourses support the status quo by structuring certain subject positions into desirable explications of femininity but also how these contradictions allow space for resistance. The study argues that establishing a feminine identity remains vital to participants and that this requires ‘identity footwork’ within complex and contradictory discursive positions.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Psychology
unrestricted