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A. Karthikeyan and Dr. M. Sadhika Sultana. "Consumer Preferences of Organised Retail Outlet in Coimbatore District." Management Journal for Advanced Research 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54741/mjar.2.4.5.
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Retail industry is an important source of self employment in India since a long ago. As change is the important rule of the environment. So, today, we can also see a drastic change in the retail industry too. Today, retail industry has been segregated into two parts i.e. unorganized retail industry and organized retail industry. Unorganized retail industry includes traditional kirana stores which are not registered and have not to follow any bulk of legal formalities. Organized retailing is the retailing in which the retail shop is centrally run by the registered retailer with few employees providing comfort and self service facility to the customers which attract the customers towards it. Besides, all the facilities provided by the organized retailers, customers are still attracted towards unorganized retailers too. There are different facilities and services available to the customers in unorganized retailing and organized retailing. The present study is an attempt to assess consumer preference and perception in organized retail outles in Coimbatore district.
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MR. Nayankumar Manilal Malde, Dr. Madhumita Nitin Nayak. "Impact of Organized Retail Sector on Unorganized Retail Sector in India." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (October 22, 2023): 2983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.1022.
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This research paper delves into the complex relationship between the organized and unorganized retail sectors in India, focusing on their coexistence and the impact of the former on the latter. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study reveals that the organized retail sector does indeed have an adverse impact on unorganized retail businesses. Respondents, primarily comprising unorganized retailers, report challenges in profitability, customer footfall, product offerings, and overall business growth. However, the research uncovers a promising aspect – the willingness of unorganized retailers to embrace specific measures to mitigate this impact. They express readiness to adopt technology, collaborate with peers, diversify product offerings, and enhance the overall shopping experience. These proactive measures hold the potential to empower unorganized retailers to compete effectively and coexist with organized retail.
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Reddy, M. Vasanthakrishna, A. Lalitha, K. S. Purnima, S. K. Nafeez Umar, and M. Venkata Ramulu. "Comparision of Consumer Preferences in Regards to Food Retail Formats in Tirupati City, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 5 (April 13, 2024): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i52435.
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This study conducted in the year 2023 aimed to compare consumer preferences for various food retail formats in Tirupati city, focusing on organized and unorganized sectors, and to identify factors influencing their choices. A representative sample of 120 consumers was selected using simple random sampling, and primary data was collected through personal interviews. The findings revealed that 73.33 percent of the consumers in showed a moderate perception of both organized (62.50%) and unorganized (73.33%) food retail formats. Kirana stores (unorganized) and supermarkets (organized) were the preferred choices for purchasing food and groceries. The reasons for preferring organized retail formats included a wide range of products and better product presentation, while unorganized retail formats were favoured for more bargaining opportunities and locally sourced products. Income levels were found to influence retail format choices, with lower-income groups more likely to shop at unorganized formats. The SWOT analysis indicated that organized stores benefit from a wide range of products but face competition from unorganized formats and online platforms, while, unorganized stores build strong customer relationships but struggle with limited product variety and changing consumer preferences.
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Sivanesan, R., and G. Jones Green. "Impact of Organized Retail on Unorganized Retail Sector." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.1.1451.
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Retail is currently the flourishing sector of the Indian economy. This trend is expected to continue for at least the next two-three decades, and it is attracting huge attention from all entrepreneurs, business heads, investors as well as real estate owners and builders. Availability of quality, retail space, wider availability of products and brand communication are the some important factors that are driving the retail in India. Retail sector is also supporting to create huge employment while a new form of organized retail sector has emerged within the retail industry and it gave speedy phase to Indian retail sector. The rationale of the study is twofold: First, to examine the nature of changes in the retail sector taking place due to organized form of retailing and implications of shift to this new form of retailing. Secondly, this area has remained largely an unexplored part of research till date especially in the Indian context. The broad objective of the study is to understand consumer behavior towards organized and unorganized retail stores and to find out the consumers satisfaction level from organized retail stores as well as unorganized retail stores. The perception of the traditional retailers about the modern retailing. The study uses primary data collected through in depth qualitative analysis to represent organized and unorganized retail sectors respectively. The present study focuses on Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Madurai and Viruthunagar Districts of Tamil Nadu.
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Prasad Kundu, Debendra. "CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND PREFERENCE (ORGANIZED VS UNORGANIZED RETAIL)." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 11 (March 1, 2022): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i11.022.
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Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and grocery products, such as soaps, shampoos, detergents, biscuits, and so on, are the most basic and necessary needs for which the consumer frequents the market. We are all aware that in today's retail environment organized retailing coexists with the traditional model of the retail industry in the shape of local Kiryana stores. This research work is merely an attempt to investigate which format of retail sector consumers prefer to visit in response to such frequent needs. What are the main categorical characteristics that influence format selection, and is there any gender-related variation in format selection boarded? It was also investigated whether switching to a more ordered manner enhanced their overall spending. Finally, the study will look into popular retail shops as well as local Kiryana stores in different demographic groups across India. The responses of 256 people were gathered for this purpose. The percentage quote and independent samples t-test were used to examine the simple average. When needed, pie charts and bar graphs are also taken into account.
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Saravanan, R., and P. Kannan. "Application of SERVPERF for Rural Retailer: Reliability and Factor Analysis." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2012.1.1.1095.
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Retail sector is the booming sector in global and Indian economy. The Indian retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized sectors. The Indian retail sector is highly fragmented with 97% of its business being run by the unorganized retailers like the traditional family run stores and corner stores. This is the right time to know the quality of rural retailers. This study focuses on the rural retailer’s quality level through SERVPERF measuring scale (Croin, 1992). The tool was applied for 385 respondents from rural area in Dindigal District, Tamil Nadu. This research describe that most of the rural people are dissatisfied with the rural retailer services. At the same time qualification of the respondents and their position in the society play a major role to determine the attitude towards satisfaction. The rural retailer improves competiveness among them, and then only they will compete with organized retailer.
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Gupta, Neha, Surya Prakash, and Ashish Kumar. "Ensuring the Success of Unorganized Retail Supply Chains of Current Times- A Developing Nation Perspective." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2023.8.5.051.
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The goal of this study is to identify and evaluate key success factors (CSF) for unorganized retail supply chain management (UORSCM). The interpretative structural modelling (ISM) approach is applied for analyzing the CSFs. In India, the unorganized fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) retail sector occupies a sizable amount of space and makes a significant GDP contribution. A total of 13 CSFs are analyzed, and to determine their driving and dependency power, MICMAC analysis is carried out. The outcome demonstrates that unorganized retailing suffers a variety of difficulties, like, the arrival of new competitors, product substitution, supplier problems, buyer threats, an increase in organized retailers, and co-manufacturer threats, in developing country settings. The factors with the highest positive impact are service quality in FMCG retail, time management at stores, product quality, and spoilage adjustment in retail. The factors, service quality in retail, time management at stores, and product quality have resulted in the highest driving power and lowest dependence power to attain the desired performance of UORSCM. The study’s findings also indicate that by focusing on these factors, unorganized retailers can efficiently handle customers.
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Mallikarjuna, B. N., and M. L. Ashoka. "The Impact of Service Quality and Price on Customer Satisfaction – A Preliminary Study of a Mall and its Customers in Bangalore." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2013.2.2.1127.
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India’s retail and logistics industry, organized and unorganized in combination, employs about 40 million Indians 3.3% of Indian population The typical Indian retail shops are very small. Over 14 million outlets operate in the country and only 4% of them being larger than 500 sq. ft. in size. India has about 11 shop outlets for every 1000 people. Vast majority of the unorganized retail shops in India employ family members, do not have the scale to procure or transport products at high volume wholesale level, have limited to no quality control or fake-versus- uthentic product screening technology and have no training on safe and hygienic storage, packaging or logistics. The unorganized retail shops source their products from a chain of middlemen who mark up the product as it moves from farmer or producer to the consumer. The unorganized retail shops typically offer no after-sales support or service. Finally, most transactions at unorganized retail shops are done with cash, with all sales being final. But there are only few Classes of people who go to Mall for their products, to meet the necessity of living in cities. Most of the people in our country occasionally go to the Mall to enjoy ethnic and to show off their life style. The main purpose of this study is to identify some key drivers of customer satisfaction on Mall services. The study covers the opinion of Mall goers in Bangalore city. This Paper is based on the preliminary study. Primarily, we contacted with fifty customers for their valuable opinion regarding Mall services in Bangalore. All the fifty customers gave their spontaneous response in this regard. Chi-square test has been applied for testing hypothesizes by using SPSS software. This study aims to link some factors of service quality and price fairness of Mall with the customers’ satisfaction. This study is to find out that customers of Mall have negative impression about product and service quality fairness, price fairness, staff’s service, environment of the Mall, image of the Mall and loyalty of the Mall. The study suggests emphasizing on those critical issues to attract new customers and retain existing customers.
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Makkar, Urvashi. "Impact of Organized Retail on the Purchase of Fresh Food Items: A Comparative Analysis of Organized and Unorganized Retail." Management Dynamics 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.57198/2583-4932.1181.
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K.Bala Krishna and R. Raghavendra Rao. "Gender Impact on buying behavior in organized retail outlets with reference to Hyderabad City." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 3 (March 23, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i03.001.
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The increased globalization and purchasing power of people led an increase in organized retail outlets across the country. India, is now, one among the largest retail outlets shopping places in Asia. More consumers are buying the products through these outlets to get brand value, discounts, quality and also a matter of social status. The products are available to all levels of consumers at moderate rates and sometimes the companies are giving additional benefits or discounts to attract more consumers from unorganized to organized retail outlets. No doubt, the unorganized retail outlets are the most preferred shops for most of the consumers but yet, the organized outlets want to diversify them towards their shopping culture by incentivizing various schemes, policies. Consumer buying behavior is something which is not constant and one can not predict the same at all times. It will change based on various factors which are internal, external, psychological and emotional. One of the basic factors that will impact buying behavior is Gender. It is quite evident and natural that the buying habits of women are entirely different from men. Men, mostly not interested to spend more time shopping. They make decisions quickly. In contrast, women have more patience and relative judgment in buying the products in shopping. The tendency of these behaviors has been probed for research on gender based study on organized retail outlets shopping. This paper throws light on the impact of gender on buying behavior by analyzing the primary data obtained from a sample survey. The study reveals some interesting facts and also establishes the close association among the different variables in the study.
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Gupta, Rakesh, and Ajay Pandit. "Ferns N Petals: Transforming an Unorganized Business into an Organized One." Asian Case Research Journal 16, no. 01 (June 2012): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927512500071.
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The economic reforms in India have not only changed consumption patterns but also the mindsets of people. This changing economic and social landscape has unleashed a plethora of opportunities and brought into existence companies in various sectors which were unheard of earlier. This case is about Ferns N Petals (FNP), which has emerged as the largest floral retail chain in India. When Vikas, founder of Ferns N Petals landed in Delhi in 1994 with US$110 (INRs 5,000) in his pocket, no one would have imagined that he would go on to establish the country's only branded floral retail chain. Whenever Vikas traveled to Delhi to meet his sweetheart Meeta, he found that the capital had no good florist. For someone who came from a family that dealt in flowers, this was the turning point which led to the launch of Ferns N Petal. The case moves on to discuss in detail the challenges faced by Vikas in setting up a nationwide floral retail chain and how he maximized the opportunity by adding new segments related to flowers and the move to get into the online flower selling mode when the internet was making inroads in India. The case winds up by highlighting his decision to enter into the food segment which is fraught with risks. The FNP case has been developed to highlight the existence of many entrepreneurial opportunities emerging in the changing socio-economic scenario in India. This case clearly illustrates that many unorganized sectors offer scope for professionalization and how an entrepreneur can tap these opportunities. FNP is a good example of how these opportunities can be tapped, thanks to the ambition, courage and risk-taking capabilities of Vikas Gutgutia. The case traces the journey of a start-up and the difficulties it faced at various stages and how these challenges are remarkably similar in any start-up. It highlights the need for modifying the existing business models and developing new ones to tap the emerging opportunities in an unorganized sector. The case goes on to highlight how the success of one venture many times can result in the belief that one can transform every opportunity in the unorganized sector which may lead to overstretching oneself.
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John, S. Franklin, and Sheeja Ramakrishnan. "A Study on Connecting Customers through Presence of Regional Brands in Food Retailing." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i1.16432.
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The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days and getting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected to grow at a pace of 25-30% annually. The India retail industry is expected to grow from Rs. 35,000 crore in 2004-05 to Rs. 109,000 crore by the year 2010. In 2007, the retail trade in India had a share of 8-10% in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country. The study examines the role of regional brands in connecting customers in food retailing. Private labels or store brands are on escalating journey for growth in last few years in Indian market. The growth of private label brands (PLBs) is quite impressive in food and grocery segment, in spite of presence of leading national manufacturers brands in most of the categories. Though, initially PLBs were considered as cheap alternatives and therefore visible in copycat and generic categories, today they are a part of well defined retail mix strategy, are developed in value innovators and premium categories for profit maximization and customer loyalty.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 55-59
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Balaji, K., and R. Maheswari. "Impact of Store Image Dimensions on Shopper’s Attitude, Perceived Value, and Purchase Intention." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402199482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244021994824.
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The Indian retail industry is witnessing transformation from unorganized to an organized one. The changing and vibrant retail industry poses significant challenges to the retailers to withstand in the competition and to have their business organized. This research work provides an insight over the organized supermarket store image factors and its impact on shoppers’ perspective. This research work connects the store image attributes dimension and its impact on shoppers’ attitude to predict their in-store behavior in retail context. The researcher attempts to create a model by relating the mentioned variables through an extensive literature review. The model has been tested empirically. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Path analysis confirms that the store attributes dimension impacts shoppers’ attitude which in turn determines the perceived value. Further it confirms that perceived value determines the purchase intention among shoppers in a supermarket outlet.
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Sinha, S., and Md H. Ali. "Has the Consumer Perception Changed? An Overview of Consumer Behavior towards Organized Retail Sectors in Kolkata, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 4 (March 5, 2024): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i42393.
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The research paper focuses on the change of consumers’ perception towards purchasing different commodities in the organized retail outlets of Kolkata. The study revealed that the behaviour of a consumer towards a particular outlet mainly depends upon factors like product availability, spending pattern, sales man services, store layout etc. The research shows that currently a large section of consumers is attracted towards the organised retail outlets because of wide range of services like variety of payment options provided by the store, visibility of the billing counter, wide range of brands availability, quality of the products, and better service at the store have majorly attributed to preference of organized retail store over the unorganized outlets. Also, parameters like visibility of display of MRP, discount offers, quality of service at the organized store, trolley service facilities etc. are some of the reasons of inclination of consumers towards organized retail stores as compared to traditional retail formats. The study has found mostly the younger generation consumers are tending to have a tendency towards making new experiences mainly for groceries and have an urge to make spontaneous purchases compared to older generation of consumers. Apart from the positive aspects, the study also observed a bunch of constraints that restricts a consumer from going to an organized retail store which are the factors like lower budget, inability of the lower income group of people due to financial constraints, lack of advertisements, unavailability of low-priced products, most of the necessary products being easily available in the traditional markets, illiteracy etc. are some of the major constraints found in the study which have contributed to 19.48% of variance and has been further renamed as consumers perception by using the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) method.
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A, ANURADHA, and PRABHU R. "Factors influencing the choice of organized retail outlets and the behavior of the consumers in coimbatore city." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2012): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.24.
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Factors influencing the choice of organized retail outlets and the behavior of the consumers in Coimbatore city ‖ of Tamil Nadu reveals the factors which influence the consumers to change their preference towards organized retailing. The objective of the study is formulated to analyse the most prioritized attributes of organized formats which attracts the consumers towards organized retailers in Coimbatore City. The Stratified random sampling (Two stage sampling) was adapted in the study and the primary data is collected through survey. Percentage analysis, Weighted Average method and ANOVA are used tointerpret the findings. It is found that the customers prefer organized retailers to unorganized retailers because of the store attributes such as quality, Convenience, Variety, Consistency, Price, Hygiene etc offered by the former. Income of the customers had a major influence on their choice of organized retail outlet especially when it comes to the availability of different varieties of products and display of information in the store.
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Azam, Khalid Mohammad, and Vishwas Gupta. "Cognitive Influence on Consumer’s Preference in selecting the Organized and Unorganized Apparel Retail Stores." ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15410/aijm/2018/v7i1/119873.
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Sheikh, Sanaa Hafeez, Khurram Ali Mubasher, and Huma Sultan. "Influence of Visual Merchandising, Store Atmospherics, and Sales Promotion Offers on Impulsive Buying Behavior – A Study of Organized Meat Retailing in Karachi, Pakistan." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 4 (December 14, 2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00067.
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The main purpose of the study was to find the impact of visual merchandising, store atmospherics, and sales promotion on the impulsive buying behavior in meat retail outlets in Karachi, Pakistani context. A simple random sampling technique was used to chose a convenience sample of 51 respondents, for the pilot study. A structured questionnaire was adapted to collect responses from the consumers who buy from organized or unorganized meat retail shops. Since store atmospherics did not have a significant impact on the impulsive buying behavior, it was dropped while the other two variables, visual merchandising and sales promotions offers were accepted as they showed a positive impact in indulging the consumers in impulsive buying. The study concludes that organized meat retailers should focus on visual merchandising and sales promotion offer strategies to attract new and existing customers so that they indulge themselves in impulsive buying.
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Kumaravel, K. "A Study on Service Quality in the organized and Unorganized Retail market of Erode District." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 7 (2016): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00542.6.
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Mehta, Dr Pallavi. "Multi-brand Retailing in India: A Study of the consumer Preference of Organized or Unorganized Retail Outlets in Udaipur." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/142.
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Patel, Ritesh. "Mojjo Tattoo Studio: A Budding Business of an Artist." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 5, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977916634224.
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The study of the evolution process of a particular business will always remain interesting. Ahmedabad is one of the growing cities of India where many small businesses are carried out. The present case narrates the story of a businesswoman who had successfully transformed a home-based unorganized business into an organized retail chain of the tattooing business. It explains how small businesses can sustain against the winds of globalization and keep alive the spirit of entrepreneurship. The case also elucidates how a woman can run a business successfully along with the management of social responsibilities. It is a story of a budding business of an artist. It is a teaching case.
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Sinha, S. "Comparative Analysis of Constraints of Customers of Organized and Unorganized Retail Markets in Kolkata District of West Bengal." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7322.
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Krithika, S. "Human Resource Practices In The Organised Retail Sectors." International Review of Business and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.34.
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Indian organized retail market is growing at a fast pace due to the boom in the India retail industry. In 2005, the retail industry in India amounted to Rs 10,000 billion accounting for about 10% to the country’s GDP. The organized retail market in India out of this total market accounted for Rs 350 billion which is about 3.5% of the total revenues. Traditionally the retail industry in India was largely unorganized, comprising of drug stores, medium, and small grocery stores. Most of the organized retailing in India have started recently and is concentrating mainly in metropolitan cities. The growth in the Indian organized retail market is mainly due to the change in the consumer’s behavior. This change has come in the consumer due to increased income, changing lifestyles, and patterns of demography which are favorable. Now the consumer wants to shop at a place where he can get food, entertainment, and shopping all under one roof. This has given Indian organized retail market a major boost. Retail market in the organized sector in India is growing can be seen from the fact that 1500 supermarkets, 325 departmental stores, and 300 new malls are being built. Many Indian companies are entering the Indian retail market which is giving Indian organized retail market a boost. One such company is the Reliance Industries Limited. It plans to invest US$6billionintheIndianretailmarket by opening 1000 hypermarkets and 1500 supermarkets. Pantaloons are another Indian company which plans to increase its retail space to 30 million square feet with an investment of US$ 1 billion. Bharti Telecoms an Indian company is in talks with Tesco a global giant for a £ 750 million joint venture. A number of global retail giants such as Walmart, Carrefour, and Metro AG are also planning to set up shop in India. Indian organized retail market will definitely grow as a result of all this investments. Indian organized retail market is increasing and for this growth to continue the Indian retailers as well as government must make a combined effort. The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced industries due to the entry of several new players. Total consumption expenditure is expected to reach nearly US$ 3,600 billion by 2020 from US$ 1,824 billion in 2017. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world’s fifth-largest global destination in the retail space. India’s retail market is expected to increase by 60 per cent to reach US$ 1.1 trillion by 2020, on the back of factors like rising incomes and lifestyle changes by middle class and increased digital connectivity. Online retail sales are forecasted to grow at the rate of 31 per cent year-on-year to reach US$ 32.70 billion in 2018. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. India has highest number of outlets per person (7 per thousand) Indian retail space per capita at 2 sq ft (0.19 m2)/ person is lowest in the world Indian retail density of 6 percent is highest in the world. 1.8 million Households in India have an annual income of over 4.5 million (US$62,615.70). While India presents a large market opportunity given the number and increasing purchasing power of consumers, there are significant challenges as well given that over90%oftradeisconductedthrough independent local stores. Challenges include: Geographically dispersed population, small ticket sizes, complex distribution network, and little use of IT systems, limitations of mass media and existence of counterfeit goods. India is expected to become the world’s fastest growing e-commerce market, driven by robust investment in the sector and rapid increase in the number of internet users. Various agencies have high expectations about growth of Indian e-commerce markets. Luxury market of India is expectedtogrowtoUS$30billionby the end of 2018 from US$ 23.8 billion 2017 supported by growing exposure of international brands amongst Indian youth and higher purchasing power of the upper class in tier 2 and 3 cities, according to Assoc ham. The Indian retail trading has received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity inflows totaling US$ 1.42 billion during April 2000–June 2018, according to the Department of Industrial Policies and Promotion (DIPP). With the rising need for consumer goods in different sectors including consumer electronics and home appliances, many companies have invested in the Indian retail space in the past few months. Beckons, a South Korean designer brand is set to enter the Indian market with an investment of about Rs 1.00 billion (US$ 14.25 million) and open 50 stores by June 2019. Wal-Mart Investments Cooperative U.A has invested Rs 2.75 billion (US$ 37.68 million) in Wal-Mart India Pvt Ltd. The Government of India has taken various initiatives to improve the retail industry in India. The Government of India may change the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules in food processing, in a bid to permit e-commerce companies and foreign retailers to sell Made in India consumer products. Government of India has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in online retail of goods and services through the automatic route, thereby providing clarity on the existing businesses of e-commerce companies operating in India. E-commerce is expanding steadily in the country. Customers have the ever increasing choice of products at the lowest rates. E-commerce is probably creating the biggest revolution in the retail industry, and this trend would continue in the years to come. India’s e-commerce industry is forecasted to reach US$ 53 billion by 2018. Retailers should leverage the digital retail channels (e-commerce), which would enable them to spend less money on real estate while reaching out to more customers in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. It is projected that by 2021 traditional retail will hold a major share of 75 per cent, organized retail share will reach 18 per cent and e-commerce retail share will reach 7 per cent of the total retail market. Nevertheless, the long- term outlook for the industry is positive, supported by rising incomes, favorable demographics, entry of foreign players, and increasing urbanization.
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Priyan, J. Vimal. "Brand Preference Towards Footwears." International Journal of Marketing Research Innovation 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijmri.v2i2.213.
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The Indian Footwear sector is a promising one with tremendous opportunity for growth both in the international and domestic market. With low production cost, abundant supply of raw material, evolving retail system, buying patterns and huge consumption market, this sector is posed to grow to great heights. But this market is highly fragmented. The Unorganized sector dominates the industry posing a threat to the organized players. The Indian consumers have become more discerning these days. The double income stance, increased disposable income among the urban middle class, brand and fashion Consciousness due to globalization has all led to changing lifestyle of the Indian consumers. The objective of the present study is to ascertain the level of brand preference towards the footwear. It is found that there is no significant association between socio economic variables except age and their level of brand preference towards footwears.
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K, Sasi Kumara, and Sadika Sultana M. "A Study on Consumer Awareness, Preference and Attitude towards Mall Culture with Reference to Coimbatore District." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.36.
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The growth of integrated shopping malls, retail chains and multi-brand outlets is evidence of consumer behavior being favorable to the growing organized segment of the business. Space, ambience and convenience are beginning to play an important role in drawing customers. Malls, which are now anchored by large outlets such as Westside and Lifestyle and are resided by a lot of Indian and international brands, are also being seen as image benchmarks for communities. Various factors on which the Indian consumers base their choice of going to the shopping mall or the unorganized markets have been analyzed inthis research. This study focuses on the shopping mall preferences of consumers, their attitude and the awareness about the existence of malls in the district. Survey method and convenient sampling had been adopted for collection of data. The major referrals are friends, and most consumers consider time as factor, major respondents are satisfied with the brands available.
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Burlakanti, Kuberudu, and Romala Vijaya Srinivas. "The Most Influential Factors of Consumers' Buying Pattern at Organized and Unorganized Retail Stores with Special Reference to Kakinada City, Andhra Pradesh." Indian Journal of Marketing 43, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2013/v43/i1/34038.
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Mahasuar, Kiran. "Strategic innovations in distribution channels – an emerging market perspective and case studies from consumer packaged goods (CPG) industry of India." Strategic Direction 35, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-07-2018-0158.
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Purpose The distribution channel in Indian Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) ecosystem is both unique and unparalleled in terms of its reach, structure, and size. This paper aims to give an emerging market perspective of the innovations in the distribution models of CPG industry through pertinent case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by two independent writers who have critically evaluated the Indian CPG Distribution ecosystem and contextualized the case-studies with their perspectives. Findings Most of the text-books and academic literature are tailor-made for the distribution through organized retail. So, how do we tackle the complexities of the Distribution in an emerging market like India with a gargantuan proportion of sales in the unorganized retail sector? The paper is possibly the first attempt to give an emerging market perspective of the successful innovations in the distribution models of CPG industry through pertinent case studies and thereby serve as a learner’s primer in this area. Practical implications The paper provides impactful strategic insights and practical thinking derived from the innovative approaches of successful corporations. Originality/value The research paper is first of its kind documentation of innovation in CPG ecosystem of India and thus saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time. The relevant information is presented in a succinct and easy to digest no-frills format.
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Dave, Kartik, and Garima Dhamija. "Miraaya: the trendy women's wear brand." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2013-0164.
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Subject area Brand management, marketing management and retail. Study level/applicability This case is applicable to postgraduate business management students. Case overview Mr Rajesh Jain promoted Miraaya chain of stores in the year 2010. Currently, Miraaya is a fast-evolving retail chain selling women's wear, and this case describes Miraaya's journey since its inception and its attempt to build a brand with limited resources and to carve a place for itself amidst growing competition and fast-growing customer awareness. Though Rajesh almost singlehandedly led the brand, the organization has professionals in each function and there has been process orientation – both for front-end functions as well as back-end functions, right from the beginning. In the second year of operation, the revenue grew very rapidly, but in the third year, when faced with the challenge of stagnant revenue, the organization could still increase the profitability. With a focus on product innovation, he and his team have been able to retain the customers' interest, which is at a premium with widespread competition from both organized and unorganized women's apparel retailers. With innovations like salwars in knitted fabric and cropped trousers with elastic waistband, Miraaya remained ahead of the pack. To keep the costs low, Rajesh and his team worked constantly on expanding via franchising and shop-in-shop formats as well as on online sales, thus also increasing the brand awareness. Students might come to the class with an understanding that brand building is done mainly through active communication in the media, while this case would create an opportunity for the students to appreciate that word-of-mouth, online media and building customer relationships via product innovation can be very exciting, affordable and successful media. Expected learning outcomes With the help of this case, students would learn about customer-based brand equity model and its factors. The case would also help to understand the challenges of brand building in retail in a country like India. It also defines the latest buying behaviour of Indian women and their aspirations. Social implications The case illustrates the challenges and opportunities for a retail entrepreneur in an Indian environment. The case is a nice piece of work to showcase how a new retailer should build the brand in a highly competitive market. This case can be a source of inspiration among budding entrepreneurs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Namrata, S., and G. Aradhana. "Analysis of the Consumer Purchase Behavior of Personal Care Products in a Developing Country." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23718727.
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This study aims to understand the consumers’ purchase behavior of personal care products in India. The study will identify the various factors which impact the final purchase decision of the consumers. A qualitative study was undertaken by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews. After data analysis, various themes enabled the authors to understand the purchase journey of who purchases these products. The study ascertained that the recommendations made by friends and family members play a critical role in selecting a personal care product. This product line’s critical touch points are the retail stores organized and unorganized, salons, and other outlets. Customers often consume online information about these products to familiarize themselves with the product features and design before buying it from the local convenience store. The study provides insights to marketers about the consumers’ thoughts while purchasing such products. This information can be used while planning the marketing and sales promotion of the product. The study’s findings provide a framework of the consumer purchase journey and a behavior model that brands can better understand their customers. This study ascertains the consumers’ journey in selecting a personal care product, through the consumers’ lenses. The study will enable marketers to arrive at new product ideas that can cater to the target segment.
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Kandpal, Vinay, Rajat Mehrotra, and Sumeet Gupta. "A STUDY OF POST-DEMONETIZATION IMPACT OF LIMITED-CASH RETAILING IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (November 2, 2019): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75134.
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Purpose of Study: The paper aims to assess the new face of retailing after demonetization with specific focus to the role of financial intermediaries and it also focuses on Long term solutions to drive the digital cash enabled retailing in India.
Methodology: This study used a questionnaire for data collection among 250 retailers in Uttarakhand, India. The questionnaire was later on analyzed using SPSS. Qualitative data was gathered from the interview with the officials from 100 financial intermediaries from banks.
Findings: The Indian retail market has been fostered by the cash dealings. The step of demonetization caught the black marketers, retailers and common people by surprise. The move was supported by the majority of people despite facing difficulties. After the demonetization, people started using the adoption of different forms of digital payment options. The trade in the market was affected and the retail sales witnessed a severe dip. The market is recovering but the actual recovery will depend on devising the substitute for the cash payments at all levels of retailers.
Social implications: Financial inclusion is important for inclusive growth and bank to have a crucial role to play in financial literacy campaigns and should ensure that those deprived sections that come to exchange their old notes are properly taken care of. Banks could make unbanked people aware about the financial instruments available with banks and the importance of saving and putting their money in these instruments. This step would further help the economy move from unorganized to organized sector.
The originality of Study: This study is original and first of its kind conducted in Uttarakhand, India.
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Mosca, Joseph B., and Steven Pressman. "Unions in the 21st Century." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 2 (June 1995): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400205.
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There have been no specific causes as to why declines in unionization have occurred over the past 20 or 30 years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Surveys indicate that between 1961 and 1984, a significant number of employees in unions declined to 51 % from 73%. This decline was among production employees within metropolitan areas, and dipped to 12% from 17% for non-supervisory clerical workers. It has been found that declines in union membership can be attributed to employment shifts, and that job change has different affects depending on if the shift entails an employee change. Unions have been fighting to maintain both membership and public approval. Although union approval declined until 1981, people's attitudes toward organized labor never became negative. This study has found that the percentage of the general public that approves of unions has increased recently in many important areas. The key to success of unions in the 21st Century seems to lie in the creation of a cooperative atmosphere between organized labor and management. In order to do so, unions must realize and address issues of importance to the changing work force and give voice to the skill demands of workers, more women in the work force, and the current health care crisis. The 21st Century holds in store for unions an image of reduced health care costs, greater participation by previously unorganized segments of the work force, and better understanding and an adaption to technological changes. All of these things will help corporations keep their costs lower and retain more employees, leading to greater job security, improved relations between labor and management, and more satisfied workers.
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Ram, M. Karthik, S. Selvabaskar, K. Rajarathi, and R. Guhan. "Mobile application adoption in business by the unorganized retailers and expanding the con-structs by using TAM, DOI, TOE theories." Management Science Letters 13, no. 2 (2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2023.2.001.
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In this paper, the authors proposed a new framework for Mobile application adoption by unorganized retailers. Unorganized retail is a renowned retail business in India. Unorganized retail is a so-called low-cost retail format where some of the retail stores are Kirana store, Grocery store, provisional store, ready to eat store, mom & pop store, peddlers, Hawkers, and stationery store. Retailers face stiff competition from omnichannel, multi-channel retailers, and e-tailers. To counter this competition, unorganized retailers adopt some Mobile applications which are relevant to their business. While some of the Mobile Applications are WhatsApp business, Facebook page, telegram, blogs, google maps Mandi app, Udaan app, Katha book app, OK credit, Dukan app, and just dial. This paper explains a deep discussion about unorganized retailers, unorganized retailers' contributions to the economy, the Digital India program, and Mobile Application. A new comprehensive framework has been proposed for mobile application adoption by the unorganized retailer after getting insights from theories like Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Extension of Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE), and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI). In this research, the author segments three major clusters which influence mobile technology adoption. The three major clusters are Technology, Organization, and Environment. These clusters had 10 constructs that influence mobile technology adoption. This research elaborately discussed the drivers of technology adoption in an unorganized retail context. We close by concluding that mobile application adoption by the unorganized retailer and reshaped the unorganized retail.
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Kathuria, Lalit Mohan, and Sorabh Jain. "Do unorganised retail outlets feel threatened due to entry of organised retail outlets? Empirical evidence from an emerging market." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 5, no. 4 (2012): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2012.047411.
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Sych, Vitaliy, Victoria Yavorska, and Kateryna Kolomiyets. "Formation of regional inter-sectoral complexes of recreation and tourism activity as a sign of structural reorganization of the economy." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.11.024.
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Changes taking place in recent decades in the global economy have led to the formation and development of new highly differentiated inter-branch complexes, rather than separated industries. In the global economy, such reorganization is marked by the formation of new sectors of the economy, one of which is a sector of socio-natural types of economic activity. At the level of regions, new integration formations are developed - regional inter-sectoral recreational complexes (IcRC). The purpose of our study is to substantiate the formation of regional inter-sectoral complexes of recreational and tourist activities (RTA) in the conditions of radical restructuring of the economy of post-industrial civilization. Inter-sectoral complex RTA is a set of different types of activities of the population - economic and non-economic, as well as leisure forms that provide the needs of the population of the region (countries) in recreation services, health improvement, healing and tourism, accompanying social services and recreational and tourist infrastructure. The study presents an author's vision of the composition and structuring of the regional inter-sectoral complex of recreation and tourism activity. The developed model of the inter-sectoral complex RTA covers all varieties of recreational activities with all its forms - tourism, organized recreation, unorganized (amateur) mass recreation, household recreation. The geographical bases for the formation of regional inter-sectoral recreational complexes are serving recreational and tourist resources - destinations that determine the specialization of the region by types of RTA. Depending on the level of development of RTA in the region, the RTA management systems may form. At the local and regional levels, the RTA nodes will be destinations - local and regional concentration of recreational and tourist resources with appropriate infrastructure. On the global (international) level, RTA retains a network form of a territorial organization, whose nodes are world centres and areas of tourism, as well as the main areas of formation of tourist flows.
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Davies, Stephen. "Conformative, Re-organized or Unorganized?" Dental Update 31, no. 6 (July 2, 2004): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2004.31.6.334.
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Ali, Jabir, Ashwin Chandra, and Tabassum Ali. "Self-started versus Family Inherited Businesses: A Comparison of Managing Unorganized Food Grocery Retail Stores in an Emerging Economy." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671618.
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This study aims at analyzing the difference in food grocery retail store logistic management between self-started and family inherited retail businesses. The study has been carried out through in-depth personal interview of 40 unorganized grocery retail stores in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, using a structured questionnaire. Simple statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation have been applied on the survey data. Chi-square test has been used to analyze the statistical difference in the processes of retail store management between self-started and family inherited business grocery stores. Findings indicate that those who joined the family run businesses are younger in age as compared to the ones who self-started their grocery stores. Similarly, the average retailing experience of self-starters is (10 years) and family inherited retails is (5 years), showing significant difference statistically, implying that both the groups have different level of retailing experiences. The study also analyzes the difference in methods of logistics management across the different types of unorganized retailers. Analysis indicates that both self-started and family inherited retail businesses follow similar management practices. There are a limited number of in-depth studies on unorganized retail operations based on primary data analysis. The findings of this study provide practical insights on difference in profile of self-started versus family inherited retail businesses and adoption of logistics processes in managing their stores.
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Van der Eecken, Annelore, Bram Spruyt, and Lieve Bradt. "Parental Encouragement and Autonomy-granting and Adolescents’ Use of Organized and Unorganized Leisure Time." YOUNG 26, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308817714919.
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Research on parents’ role in adolescents’ leisure spending tends to focus on parental encouragement based on the assumption that it is positively associated with adolescents’ participation in (beneficial) organized leisure. Few studies have, however, investigated how parental encouragement and autonomy-granting relate to adolescents’ organized and unorganized leisure spending. Multilevel analyses of data based on a survey of adolescents and their parents in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) suggest that (1) parental autonomy-granting is generally combined with lower levels of parental encouragement, (2) adolescents of encouraging parents participate more in organized and unorganized leisure activities and (3) adolescents of parents that combine encouragement with autonomy-granting do not participate more in organized and unorganized leisure activities.
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Ram, M. Karthik, S. Selvabaskar, R. Guhan, and K. Rajarathi. "The effect of digital communication technologies in retail supply chain management: Evidence from Indian small retailers." Journal of Future Sustainability 3, no. 3 (2023): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.jfs.2023.1.002.
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Indian retail industry held the second rank in A.T. Kearney's Global retail development index in 2021 and ranked 16th FDI confidence index. The retail industry provides ample job opportunities and contributes to the economic progress of the nation. After the advent of new innovation there are new technologies which have emerged in business and it also substantially changed consumer behavior. Digital communication allows the user to transfer data from one end to another using digital technologies like e-mail, phone calls, video conferencing, and several instant message applications. Digital communication allows retailers to send personalized business information to their loyal customers and the customers respond to those messages, which in turn generate business for unorganized retailers. Digital communication not only improves the business of unorganized retailers but also the business image, Geographical spread, profitability, new customer acquisition, customer retention, and the like. Digital communication will transform the traditional unorganized retailer into an offline-to-online commerce model. Based on theoretical review this study identified constructs and proposed major determinants which influence technology adoption and its continuance among the unorganized retailers. This study assesses the digital communication technology usage in supply chain management among unorganized retailers with the constructs like experience, effortlessness, efficiency, enrichment, trust, security, digital infrastructure, satisfaction, and continuous intention to use. The results show that digital communication technology's effort, experience, and efficiency influence satisfaction. However, enrichment failed to influence satisfaction. Further, the results show that satisfaction and security influence continuous intention to use. However, trust and digital infrastructure failed to influence. Therefore, digital communication technology usage in supply chain management among unorganized retailers is substantially influenced by constructs like effort, experience, efficiency, satisfaction, and security.
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Mandakini, R., P. Roychoudhury, P. K. Subudhi, H. Kylla, I. Samanta, S. Bandyopadhayay, and T. K. Dutta. "Higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli in unorganized pig farms compared to organized pig farms in Mizoram, India." Veterinary World 13, no. 12 (2020): 2752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2752-2758.
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Aim: The present study was conducted to record the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli from pig population of organized and unorganized farms of Mizoram and to record the presence of ESBLs, non-ESBLs, and integrons. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from pigs under organized (n=40) and unorganized (n=58) farms of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of E. coli by conventional techniques, BD Phoenix™ automated bacterial system, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based confirmatory test. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test by disk diffusion assay and ESBLs production by double-disk synergy test (DDST). The ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to PCR for determination of ESBLs genes and all the isolates were screened for non-ESBLs genes and integrons by PCR. Results: A total of 258 E. coli was isolated and identified from organized (n=120) and unorganized farms (n=138). Majority of the E. coli isolates exhibited high level of resistance against amoxicillin (Ax) (81.78%), cefalexin (85.42%), co-trimoxazole (50.78%), sulfafurazole (69.38%), tetracycline (65.89%), and trimethoprim (TR) (51.94%). Statistically highly significant (p<0.01) variations in resistance among the isolates from organized and unorganized farms were recorded in case of Ax, ampicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, piperacillin, and TR. By DDST, 65.89% isolates were recorded as ESBLs producer, of which 82/120 (68.33%) and 88/138 (63.77%) were from organized and unorganized farms, respectively. A total of 29/258 (11.24%) isolates were positive for at least one ESBLs gene. blaTEM was most frequently (9.69%) gene, followed by blaCTX-M (5.04%) and blaCMY (0.78%). Altogether, 6 (5.00%), 4 (3.33%), and 2 (1.67%) isolates from the organized farms were positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaCMY genes, respectively. Similarly, 21 (15.22%) and 7 (5.07%) isolates from the unorganized farms were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes, respectively. None of them were positive for blaSHV genes. Altogether 57 (22.09%), 9 (3.49%), 66 (25.58%), 78 (30.23%), 21 (8.14%), and 18 (6.98%) isolates were positive for tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA, and dfrla genes, respectively. The prevalence of non-ESBLs genes was higher in the E. coli isolates from the unorganized farms than organized farms. Conclusion: MDR and ESBLs producing E. coli are circulating among the pigs and their environment in Mizoram. Pigs under unorganized farms exhibited higher level of resistance against majority of the antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, which might be an indication of overuse or misuse of antibiotics under the unorganized piggery sectors in Mizoram.
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Basu, Rituparna, Kalyan K. Guin, and Kalyan Sengupta. "Do apparel store formats matter to Indian shoppers?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 8 (August 5, 2014): 698–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2013-0065.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore store choice behaviour of Indian apparel shoppers and analyses the factors influencing their choice of retail formats from an emerging market perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The research draws on a data set of 336 structured questionnaires with adult urban Indian respondents to understand their perceptions about organised and unorganised apparel store formats. The exploratory study uses a comprehensive list of demographics, shopping situations and format stimuli parameters along with two established psychographic scales to assess the extent of their effect on the store choice of apparel shoppers. Findings – Factor analysis revealed five well defined store attributes influencing the apparel shoppers’ decision. The growing market for organised retail with a preference for multi brand stores is highlighted. The study establishes that the shoppers’ perception of single-brand stores is still going through a formative phase. Further at the micro level of the decision process, significant differences are established by a number of variables. Research limitations/implications – The paper explores the store choice behaviour from a wider perspective that may be useful for future research on developing integrated store format choice models. However, the data used herein relates to a cross-section of shoppers in urban India due to the feasibility and convenience of studying relatively organised retail forms and structure of retail in an emerging market environment. Originality/value – The paper attempts to enumerate befitting analyses of factors that influence the store choice behaviour of apparel shoppers by using apt format classifications that are specific to the emerging retail market scenario in India.
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Wang, Jessica K., Trent W. Ford, and Steven M. Quiring. "Distinguishing between Unorganized and Organized Convection When Examining Land–Atmosphere Relationships." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 11 (November 2015): 2229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0086.1.
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AbstractIn this study, the robustness of a previously developed classification system that categorizes convective thunderstorm events initiated during various synoptic and dynamic conditions is analyzed. This classification system was used to distinguish between organized and unorganized convection and then used to determine whether unorganized convection occurs preferentially over wet or dry soils. The focus is on 12 events that occurred in synoptically benign (SB) environments where the Great Plains low-level jet was not present (noLLJ), and whether these events were accurately classified as unorganized convection is evaluated. Although there is a small sample size, the results show that the classification system fails to differentiate between local unorganized convection and large-scale organized convection under SB–noLLJ conditions. The authors conclude that past studies that have used this classification to study how soil moisture influences unorganized convection should be revisited. Additional variables and/or alternative precipitation datasets should be employed to enhance the robustness of the classification system.
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RANDHAWA, SWARAN S., K. DUA, S. T. SINGH, and C. S. RANDHAWA. "Trace mineral status of wall and sole portions of healthy and diseased hoofs in cattle and buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 84, no. 4 (April 16, 2014): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i4.39845.
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Trace mineral composition of wall and sole portions of healthy and diseased hoofs was analyzed in cattle and buffaloes from organized and unorganized dairy farms. Hoof samples were collected from 10 animals each with healthy and diseased hoofs from each of the 4 groups (cattle-organized farms, cattle-unorganized farms, buffalo-organized farms, buffalo-unorganized farms). A significant high level of zinc and copper was observed in the wall portion as compared to sole portion in both healthy and diseased hoofs in cattle and buffaloes. The manganese and iron were significantly low in wall portion as compared to sole portion in healthy as well as diseased hoofs in both cattle and buffaloes. Although not much difference in the zinc levels of healthy and diseased hoofs from cattle and buffaloes was observed but buffaloes from unorganized farms have low hoof zinc levels as compared to those of organized farms. Significantly low copper levels were observed in diseased hoofs as compared to those of healthy in dairy cattle whereas high iron levels were observed in diseased hoofs as compared to healthy ones in dairy buffaloes. It was concluded that trace minerals do have a role in healthy horn synthesis.
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Lackey, N. Qwynne, Lisa Meerts-Brandsma, and Jeff Rose. "Youth Outdoor Recreation Experience, Race, and Socioeconomic Status: Explaining Connection to Nature and Future Career Interest." Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 14, no. 4 (October 21, 2022): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2022-11599.
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The outdoor recreation industry faces the challenge of recruiting the next generation of professionals. This study examined factors that may influence young adults’ interest in outdoor recreation careers, including participation in organized and unorganized outdoor recreation as a youth, connection to nature (CTN), racial identity, and socioeconomic status (SES). An online questionnaire was distributed using a Qualtrics panel, and criterion sampling was used to ensure the sample included participants with approximately equal representation across racial identity and SES categories. Participation in unorganized recreation, CTN, and SES were found to be significant predictors of interest in outdoor recreation careers. Additionally, participation in organized recreation was found to be a significant negative predictor of CTN, while participation in unorganized recreation and racial identity were significant positive predictors of CTN, and CTN had a small mediating effect on the relationship between unorganized recreation participation and interest in outdoor recreation careers.
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MITRA, ARUP, and AVIRAL PANDEY. "UNORGANIZED SECTOR IN INDIA: EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY AND WAGE-PRODUCTIVITY NEXUS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500283.
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In India the formal, or organized, sector is not able to generate employment opportunities for the unskilled or semi-skilled workers on a large scale, forcing them to get residually absorbed in the unorganized sector. At the same time, the unorganized sector is believed to have work consignments from the organized sector and this ancillarization process is contributing to employment creation. In the backdrop of these views the present study, using the unit level data of the National Sample Survey (NSS, 2010-11), makes an attempt to estimate the employment elasticity and wage-productivity nexus in the unorganized sector. Although the employment function estimated in the paper suggests employment can be raised through wage reduction, it can affect the wellbeing of the workers because the wage rate in the unorganized sector is already very low. Further, subcontracting or ancillarization does not seem to be contributing to employment generation in unorganized manufacturing or trade related activities. However, in the services sector it shows a positive impact. The equation representing determinants of wages shows units with assets are better-off compared to those that do not have them. This has an important policy implication, suggesting that through asset creation, government may bring in improvements in livelihood of the unorganized sector enterprises.
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Khare, Arpita, and Anshuman Khare. "Harnessing Supply Chain Efficiency Through Information Linkages." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 5, no. 4 (October 2012): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisscm.2012100105.
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The Indian retail industry majorly constitutes of small retailers, comprising of approximately 12 million small shopkeepers and increased competition has made companies understand the significance of this unorganized small retail sector. Most companies feel that coordinating their downstream supply chains is critical for long term growth and sustainability. The paper examines the supply chain coordination amongst retailers, distributors, logistics providers, customers, and major Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) multi-national companies in India. The findings confirm that supply chain integration, information sharing, and supply chain design are being given proper attention by FMCG companies. They appreciate the strategic value of information sharing for establishing collaborations with the small retailers for effective performance of supply chains. Even in the fragmented, ill-defined, unorganized, and disjointed small retail sector in India, information sharing between supply chain partners is given precedence. Lack of technological infrastructure does not deter MNCs from establishing information linkages with small retailers and harnessing it for supply chain efficiency.
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Jensen, Dean G. "Organization: Critical for Holistic Processing." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 5 (September 1987): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100510.
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Previous research has indicated that categorizing stimuli containing multi-dimensional information was better when the stimuli were schematic human faces than if they were either polygons or number matrices. It has also been shown that faces are perceived holistically, and that faces with organized inner features are detected more quickly than faces with unorganized inner features. This study used the speeded classification task and found that faces with organized inner features are perceived holistically whereas faces with unorganized inner features showed little evidence for holistic processing. These results suggest that information about organized faces is perceived very efficiently. The implications for using a face as a data display are discussed.
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S. D. Khaled, Amgad, Khaled (M.K) Ismail Alshaketheep, Mosab I. Tabash, Mohammad Azmi Khan, and Mohammad Ahmad Al-Omari. "Impact of COVID-19 on unorganized Indian retail markets." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.08.
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As informal workers struggle to survive the current crisis, there is reason to believe that more strain would also be exerted on the already fragile sector in the post-crisis era. The implications of the COVID-19 outbreak for the informal economy will continue. Faced with a long crisis, the global economy would likely shrink demand for informal goods and services. The primary goal of this paper is to study consumer behavior during the pandemic, investigate government-implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the unorganized retail sector, and determine if consumers prefer to have goods delivered to their homes rather than visit retail stores. This paper collected information from a number of Indian customers who made unorganized retail transactions in New Delhi and NCR Region. The sample was taken from 700 citizens of New Delhi, India. The study found that product variety, digital payment, scheduling, free delivery and lower speed have a significant effect on customer behavior. In addition, SOPs do not influence consumer behavior. The main reasons for choosing a specific channel are simple availability, security, less hassle, and compliance with all laws. The pandemic led to a renewed trust in the local Kirana shop, with new clients visiting metro and non-metro shops locally. The system in Kirana has changed from physical sales to digital aviation because of the pandemic.
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Vasumathi, A., and R. Subashini. "Issues and challenges faced by organised and unorganised retail outlets of food and grocery in India - an empirical study." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 22, no. 3 (2015): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2015.072316.
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Smith, Kristy L., Mathieu Bélanger, Laura Chittle, Jess C. Dixon, Sean Horton, and Patricia L. Weir. "Does Relative Age Influence Organized Sport and Unorganized Physical Activity Participation in a Cohort of Adolescents?" Sports 10, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10070097.
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Despite their prevalence, the longitudinal impacts of relative age effects (RAEs) on sport and other forms of physical activity (PA) are understudied. This study examined longitudinal participation patterns in organized sport (team and individual), unorganized PA, and non-participation with respect to RAEs in a prospective cohort of adolescents. Data from the first 24 cycles of the MATCH study were used for analyses. Elementary students (n = 929) were recruited from 17 schools in Atlantic Canada. Respondents self-reported PA three times/year. Mixed multilevel logistic models compared the likelihood of participating in each context across birth quarter. Chronological age and gender were considered, along with the interaction between chronological and relative age. Individuals born in Quarter 1/Quarter 2 were more likely to report participation in organized team sport but not individual sports. Relatively older participants born in Quarter 2 were more likely to report participation in unorganized PA. Increasing chronological age was associated with decreased participation in organized sport (particularly team-based) and increased non-participation. Gender was not associated with organized sport participation, but girls were under-represented in unorganized PA and more likely to report non-participation. The interaction parameters suggested that RAEs were consistent throughout adolescence in each context. Longitudinal analyses suggest RAEs are context dependent.
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Siqueira, Kevin. "Participation in organized and unorganized protests and rebellions." European Journal of Political Economy 19, no. 4 (November 2003): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(03)00040-5.
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P., Vinish, and Maruthi Ram R. "RETAIL HOSPITALITY AND SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST - A STUDY ON UNORGANIZED INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10225.
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