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1
Akwei, Adotei. "Colonialism and the Organization of African Unity: The Effect of the Colonial Experience on African Attempts to Unite." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625402.
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Diouf, Babacar. "The future of conflict resolution in Africa and the role of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA350148.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations and M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998."June 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Latitia Lawson, Thomas Bruneau. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132). Also available online.
3
Dlamini, Thandeka Lungile. "Searching for new relevance in the 1990s: the Organization of African Unity as an instrument of conflict resolution." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002980.
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The 1960's and the 1970's marked a great Pan-African movement in Africa, that saw the liberation of most African states. This Pan-African movement, was spearheaded by a quest to unite Africa, and to abate foreign occupation. Amidst the spirit of unity, lay a promise of an organization that would embody the hopes and aspirations of a continent undergoing a re-birth; a progression towards self-determination, economic development and integration, and the maintenance of peace. Therefore, the inception ofthe Organization of African Unity (OAD) was not only a symbol of a unifying force for Africans, but a diplomatic platform that would promote African needs on the international arena. In effect the OAU, at its inception, was for specific ideals that would guarantee liberation and unity of African states. The outcome of these ideals would be greater regional economic integration and the achievement of peace and stability. These ideals mirrored the structural definition of regional organization, with the inclusion of a Commission for Mediation Arbitration and Conciliation under the OAU Charter, to handle disputes among member states. However, the mere fact that this commission lacked the political wherewithal to resolve conflicts, by its sheer lack of a standing peacekeeping force, contributed to the inefficiency of the organization to play an effective role in conflict management. This study attempts to examine the role ofthe OAU in settling disputes. The study sought to accomplish this, in the following manner. Firstly, an investigation into the nature of conflict and why it persists in Africa was conducted. Further, an examination ofthe tools that practitioners utilize not only to study conflict, but to prevent, manage and resolve it, was done. During the investigation it was found that, although the OAU's greatest successes have come from preventive diplomacy, its structural foundations limit the capabilities of the organization to become more relevant. The Charter of the OAU alludes vaguely to the settlement of disputes, but without an executive political decision-making body able to deploy peacekeepers, its principles are largely meaningless. Amidst the growing concerns, the OAU as a matter of survival, developed initiatives it hopes will make it more effective and relevant. The focus ofthe study was the evolving role ofthe OAU, from its inception to its new role as an instrument of conflict resolution. Most of the scholarly work conducted on the OAU, is concerned with depicting a terminal organization, with little or no hope of surviving. Little emphasis is placed on prescribing remedies on how to improve and restructure the organization. The findings included, inter alia, that the organization is faced with enormous challenges, as the sources of conflict are varied and complex. Africa is now the landscape of collapsed states, economic stagnation, environmental degradation, disease and chronic conflicts. The OAU shoulders much ofthe responsibility for not sanctioning governments that contribute to the decay and suffering of the African peoples. Most ofthe criticism of the OAU, stem from the inability of the organization to play an effective role in resolving conflicts in Africa. Most of Africa's conflicts stem from a lack of political legitimacy, lack of democratic institutions, uneven distribution of resources, ethnic tensions and economic stagnation. Until such problems are addressed, Africa will continue to host the world's deadliest conflicts.
4
Cardoso, Nilton César Fernandes. "Análise da arquitetura africana de paz e segurança : o papel da IGAD na estabilização do chifre da África." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147466.
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A busca pela pacificação da África pode ser considerada como um dos principais desafios encontrados pelos países africanos no imediato pós-independência. Em certa medida, romper com guerras civis e garantir a estabilidade continental foram se tornando algumas das principais preocupações das lideranças africanas. Reflexo disso pode ser encontrado nas várias iniciativas propriamente africanas criadas no continente no período pós-colonial visando à estabilidade e à promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social do continente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca compreender a evolução da Arquitetura Africana de Paz e Segurança (AAPS) desde a criação da Organização da Unidade Africana (OUA), em 1963 – primeiro mecanismo africano de segurança –, até os dias atuais, com foco na Autoridade Intergovernamental para o Desenvolvimento (IGAD) na estabilização do Chifre da África.The search for the pacification of Africa may be considered as one of the main challenges found by African countries in the post-independence immediate period. To some extent, to break off civil wars and guarantee continentall estability increasingly became a major concern of African leaderships. The impact of this can be found in several truly African initiatives created in the post-colonial period, aiming to ensure stabilty and promotion of economic and social development on the continent. In this sense, this work seeks to comprehend the evolution of the African Architecture of Peace and Security (AAPS) since the creation of the Organization of the African Unity in 1963 - first African security mechanism - up to this day, focusing in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the estabilisation of the Horn of Africa.
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Demsa, Paul Meslam 1949. "International Peacekeeping Operations: Sinai, Congo, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Chad Lessons for the UN and OAU." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330944/.
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Peacekeeping is a means by which international or regional organizations control conflict situations that are likely to endanger international peace and security. Most scholars have viewed the contributions of peacekeeping forces only in terms of failures, and they have not investigated fully the political-military circumstances" under which conflict control measures succeed. This dissertation is an attempt to bridge this gap and to show how the OAU compares with the UN in carrying out peacekeeping missions.
The method of research was the case study method in which primary and secondary data was used to describe the situations in which six peacekeeping forces operated. The content of resolutions, official reports and secondary data were examined for non-trivial evidences of impediments to implementation of mandates.
Findings from the research indicate that peacekeeping missions not properly backed by political efforts at settlement of disputes, cooperation of the superpowers, and financial and logistic support were ineffective and usually unsuccessful. Lack of consensus and pursuit of national interests have resulted in ambiguous or unrealistic mandates and have reduced the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. Moreover, parties to a conflict were interested only in solutions that favored their interests and were often skeptical about the role and credibility of peacekeeping forces. But the continued violations of ceasefire agreements in defiance of the presence of peacekeeping forces were due partly to the force's inability to use force except in self-defense ,
Most of the forces operated under serious operational and logistical difficulties and they were inadequately funded. But none of the three factors has been responsible alone for the failure of peacekeeping missions. The coordination of UN operations has been better than that of the OAU. In civil war situations, national governments have requested peacekeeping forces because they could not, unaided, put down their opponents. The UN has deployed its forces only as a means of relaxing tensions while member-states have pursued other interests.
6
Ukoh, Aniekut B. Jr. "An analysis of the role of the organization of African Unity in settlement of Intra-Regional Conflict: the case of Republic of Chad." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2430.
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The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the role of the Organization of African Unity in finding a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict using the Republic of Chad as a case study. It is a truism that since the Republic of Chad gained independence from France in 1960, the Chadians have not witnessed any political stability.
This study is premised on the assumption that the root cause of the conflict in Chad is due to French colonialism and neo-colonialism that have continued to impinge upon the Chadians even after political independence had been achieved; that the inability of the OAU to find a solution to the conflict is due to foreign intervention. Moreover, different political ideologies that have divided the Organization of African Unity into three groups, namely, the Monrovia, the Casablanca and the Brazzaville Twelve have been an impediment to the OAU in its efforts in effecting a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict such as the Chadian conflict.
The two methodologies employed in this research are descriptive and historical analyses.
The study maintains that it is because of the historical subjugation and subordination of the Chadian socio-economic formation by the French imperialists, that the Republic of Chad has been made to serve the French interests instead of serving the interests of the Chadians.
The study suggests that if the Republic of Chad is to be successful in achieving political and economic independence, it must wage war against neo-colonialism and petty-bourgeois elements who are aligning themselves with the imperialists to destabilize the political economy of the country.
Our analysis of the OAU's role in Chad shows that no stone was left unturned to bring a lasting solution to the Chadian conflict; but the noble efforts of the OAU could not possibly bear fruit because the OAU has so far not had much success in implementing its policy of resisting foreign intervention in essentially African conflicts.
7
Ukoh, Aniekut Bassey Jr. "An analysis of the role of the organization of African unity in settlement of intra-regional conflict: the case of the Republic of Chad." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1135.
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The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the role of the Organization of African Unity in finding a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict using the Republic of Chad as a case study. It is a truism that since the Republic of Chad gained independence from France in 1960, the Chadians have not witnessed any political stability.
This study is premised on the assumption that the root cause of the conflict in Chad is due to French colonialism and neo-colonialism that have continued to impinge upon the Chadians even after political independence had been achieved; that the inability of the OAU to find a solution to the conflict is due to foreign intervention. Moreover, different political ideologies that have divided the Organization of African Unity into three groups, namely, the Monrovia, the Casablanca and the Brazzaville Twelve have been an impediment to the OAU in its efforts in effecting a peaceful settlement for intra-regional conflict such as the Chadian conflict.
The two methodologies employed in this research are descriptive and historical analyses.
The study maintains that it is because of the historical subjugation and subordination of the Chadian socio-economic formation by the French imperialists, that the Republic of Chad has been made to serve the French interests instead of serving the interests of the Chadians.
The study suggests that if the Republic of Chad is to be successful in achieving political and economic independence, it must wage war against neo-colonialism and petty-bourgeois elements who are aligning themselves with the imperialists to destabilize the political economy of the country.
Our analysis of the OAU's role in Chad shows that no stone was left unturned to bring a lasting solution to the Chadian conflict; but the noble efforts of the OAU could not possibly bear fruit because the OAU has so far not had much success in implementing its policy of resisting foreign intervention in essentially African conflicts.
8
Nzisabira, Désiré. "Von der Organisation der Afrikanischen Einheit zur Afrikanischen Union Ansätze zu einer afrikanischen Lösung der Sicherheits-, Friedens- und Entwicklungsprobleme Afrikas." Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2453-3.htm.
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Ngamilolo, Loïc-Rodney. "Le rôle de l'ONU et de l'OUA dans la résolution pacifique des conflits armés en République Démocratique du Congo de 1996 à 2002." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0118_NGAMILOLO.pdf.
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L'accession à la souveraineté internationale de la République du Congo (actuelle République Démocratique du Congo), le 30 juin 1960, a été suivie d'une instabilité politico-sécuritaire de grande ampleur. Après une certaine stabilité retrouvée dès la prise du pouvoir par Joseph MOBUTU en 1965, le pays bascule à nouveau dans un conflit armé. Ce conflit dure de 1996 à 2002 avec l'implication de neuf pays africains ainsi que d'une vingtaine de groupes armés. Ce qui a en fait la plus grande guerre internationalisée de l'histoire des Relations internationales de l'Afrique contemporaine. À côté des pertes humaines considérables, la cruauté et la barbarie des combats ont contraint des millions de personnes à l'exode dans des conditions humanitaires extrêmement précaires. L'ONU et l'OUA se sont fortement mobilisées en vue de trouver une solution négociée, susceptible de rétablir la paix et la sécurité dans le pays.La présente étude avait pour but d'examiner le rôle joué par ces deux organisations, en mettant en exergue la portée de leurs actions de paix au cours de cette période conflictuelle. Elles ont permis une action positive en ce sens que la situation sécuritaire en RDC a connu quelques améliorations à la suite de leur mobilisation qui s'est traduite par une diplomatie structurée autour d'envoyés spéciaux, avec l'organisation de sommets de paix internationaux et la mise en place des mécanismes ad hoc de stabilisation. Toutefois cette stabilisation reste très précaire en raison de la persistance de l'insécurité et de l'instabilité dans ce pays. Celles-ci se poursuivent d'ailleurs jusqu'à nos jours, notamment dans la région orientaleThe accession to international sovereignty of the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) on 30 June 1960 was followed by large-scale political and security instability. After a certain stability regained as soon as Joseph Mobutu took power in 1965, the country once again fell into armed conflict. This conflict lasted from 1996 to 2002 and saw the involvement of nine African countries as well as about twenty armed groups. This has in fact the largest internationalized war in the history of contemporary African International Relations. In addition to the considerable loss of life, the cruelty and barbarity of the fighting forced millions of people to flee in extremely precarious humanitarian conditions. The United Nations and the OAU have been strongly mobilized to find a negotiated solution that can restore peace and security in the country. The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by these two organizations, highlighting the scope of their peace actions during this period of conflict. Positive action has been taken in the sense that the security situation in the DRC has improved following their mobilization. It has resulted in diplomacy structured around special envoys, the organization of international peace summits and the establishment of ad hoc stabilization mechanisms. However, this stabilization remains very precarious due to the persistence of insecurity and instability in this country, which continues to this day, particularly in its eastern region
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Schoppert, Stephanie. "African Regional Organizations and Democracy." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5701.
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Instability and political repression are two reasons why many states in Africa are unable to develop. African regional organizations have the potential to encourage democracy, stability and development within their regions if they have the right tools. Using case studies of two major interventions by African regional organizations this thesis will determine what those tools may be. Both the intervention of ECOWAS into Liberia and the SADC into the DRC were rife with problems but they were able to bring some stability and even democracy to states in crisis. This thesis finds that African regional organizations can promote democracy and stability, but the focus is always on stability for the region. With strong institutions and mandates, policy agreement and strong leadership, African regional organizations can bring stability, development and even democracy to their regions.M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies
11
Du, Plessis Menán. "A unity hypothesis for the southern African Khoesan languages." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11852.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 357-373).
The study demonstrates for the first time the probable genetic unity of the KHOE, JU and UJ -T AA groups of southern African Khoesan, by means of the first full-scale application of a conventional comparative approach. It is shown in the first stage that there are repeated cross-SAK resemblances in the morphology of those verbs most frequently enlisted for grammatical purposes in the context of multi-verb constructions; and that these languages furthermore display multiple similarities 'horizontally' across their specifier systems. where the resemblances are often also visible 'vertically', i.e. down the lists of possible exponents. These structural affinities are sufficiently thoroughgoing to warrant a working surmise that the SAK languages might be genetically related. In the second stage, cross-SAK comparative material from various sources is presented in the form of arrays. The tabulations reveal a range of repeating alternations involving the basic positional click types, with some associated patternings of the possible click 'accompaniments'. The fact that the alternations are iterated and do not necessarily involve identities makes it more likely, when combined with the weight of the structural evidence, that the items in the comparative series are inherited than borrowed.
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Makofane, Mpeane Karabo. "Unity at cross-roads : a Southern African missiological case study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63037.
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This thesis is a missiological case study on organic unity in the Uniting Presbyterian
Church in Southern Africa (UPCSA). The purpose of this study is to revisit the subject
of unity within the UPCSA consisting of three countries, South Africa, Zimbabwe and
Zambia in the period 1999-2009 and to assess how far the denomination has
progressed with unity since the merger between the former Reformed Presbyterian
Church in Southern Africa (RPCSA), predominantly black church and a white
dominated Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa (PCSA) in September 1999. The study observes that the union was based on what is now considered to be
inadequate preparation and as a result many unresolved problems have emerged to
test the witness of the denomination and to hamper the consolidation of the union.
Hence despite ten years of organic union unity seems to be at cross-roads. In this
connection, this case study will examine some key challenges inherent in already
achieved structural unity in the UPCSA. For the purpose of this study the challenges
which came under discussion centred around ministerial formation, differentiation in
stipends of ministers and conflicts which have dogged the process of amalgamation of
church associations in the UPCSA. It appears that these challenges are a consequence of organic union which was rooted
on secular rather than theological foundations which were supposed to guide and
inform the merger. The study argues that these challenges demonstrate that a struggle
continues for a genuinely unified UPCSA and therefore it would be naive to assume
that the denomination is not plagued with its own difficulties in achieving unity. This
study will argue that although it is fundamental that the church of Christ must be united,
the unresolved challenges which have been highlighted in this study are a litmus test
for the UPCSA to wait and assess whether it has already achieved tangible unity. Furthermore, these challenges indicate that structural union was ongoing process, the
historic moment which took place in 1999 with the union of the two denominations was
merely the beginning of wrestling with some of these realities. The concluding chapter
will bring the subject of unity within the UPCSA to closure by drawing reflections and
evaluating the model of union which guided and informed the merger as an important lead to understanding the intricacies relating to the challenges already highlighted and
the implications thereof.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Science of Religion and Missiology
PhD
Unrestricted
13
Mayberry, Kena Renee. "African American Women Leaders, Intersectionality, and Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5221.
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Research suggested that African American women (AAW) leaders are overlooked as candidates
for senior level positions in organizations. The problem that prompted this study was the lack of empirical research surrounding the intersectionality of race and gender and how this dual identity informed their leadership development and excluded AAW from the leadership promotion group identified by organizations. The research questions addressed how AAW described their career trajectory, strategies that were used to transform institutional barriers into leadership opportunities, how AAW leaders perceived their dual identity as contributing to their unique organizational experiences, and how AAW leaders perceived their role as mentors. This study was grounded in the critical race theory (CRT) as it pertains to the concept of the intersectionality of race and gender. Semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 participants were used to obtain data along with thematic coding to analyze the data. Key findings included the women expressing both subtle and blatant racial and gender discrimination in the workplace. The participants identified self-advocacy as crucial to their success along with having strong mentors. One of the main conclusions was that the corporate world is a long- standing, white, male network and continues to be an obstacle for women in today's workplace. Recommendations for future research include studying bi-racial women and women who are in lower managerial roles to identify whether they experience similar obstacles as women in senior leadership roles. Social change implications include organizational modifications across multiple industry types that would create more positive perceptions, descriptions, and trust in the leadership abilities of AAW.
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Asana, Lydia. "Inclusion of the African Diaspora in Florida Nonprofit Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4905.
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Social and economic challenges in one part of the world influence budgets, security, health, and well being of populations globally as was the case with the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Deficits in healthcare, education, governance, and the economy in African nations result in financial and social contributions from the diaspora residing in the United States. Many African-born immigrants to Florida came with useful knowledge and experience from their home nations that could be a valuable resource in carrying out effective development initiatives. However, accessing that knowledge is challenging. The purpose of this research was to explore the inclusion of members of the African diaspora community in Florida nonprofit development initiatives. The transnational theory of migration underpinned the following research question: What are barriers to, and opportunities for, including members of the African diaspora in Florida-based NPOs that carry out development programs in Africa? Semistructured interviews were conducted with Florida nonprofit leaders (N= 21) who have development projects in Africa. Manual and computer assisted methods using NVivo 11 were used to develop codes and themes for data analysis. Identified barriers to including African diaspora in NPOs included lack of established networks and organizational awareness as well as limited service areas, service locations, funding, and leadership roles. All respondents expressed interest in engaging with diaspora members and other nonprofit leaders via expat networks. Successful engagement with the African diaspora community could promote positive social change by improving program delivery, communication, and programmatic outcomes for a mutual impact in both African and Florida-based communities.
15
Olamide, Ibrahim Nurudeen. "Paved with good intention? The African Union counter terrorism agenda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36787.
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Africa has for a long time been embattled by differing acts of terrorism, with divergent
manifestations such as suicide bombing, killings and hijacking. Accordingly, the
Organisation of African Unity and subsequently the African Union took up the
responsibility of developing strategies to counter the menacing trend of terrorism on
the continent. To this end, several counter terrorism interventions were created. The
first of Africa's interventions was developed as early as 1992, when the Organisation of
African Unity (OAU) member states adopted a Resolution to strengthen cooperation
and coordination among African states against different manifestations of extremism.
Although, there is abundance of scholarly literature on the subject of understanding of
terrorism and its human rights implications and also on the impact of terrorism on
political pluralism, there is a dearth of scholarly writings on the activities of the African
Union in relation to terrorism in Africa, particularly on whether the Union is
responding positively to its counter terrorism agenda. Yet, the role of the African Union
in this regard on the continent cannot be over emphasised. This study is therefore carried out to scrutinise the counter terrorism agenda of the African Union and explore
its counter terrorism activities from inception till date.
In ascertaining the necessity for the African Union to develop ways to adequately
implement its counter terrorism agenda, the study carries out an assessment of the
agenda and established its link with the United Nations counter terrorism framework.
Recommendations about how best the agenda can be realised concludes the study.
Specifically, the research explores the activities of the African Union with the aim of
determining whether the agenda was merely paved with good intentions.
While many weaknesses of the agenda were discovered and discussed in depth, the
research concludes, that despite the gap that exists between the agenda and its
implementation and the problem of resources bedevilling the implementation of the
agenda, it will be unfair to describe the African Union counter terrorism agenda as
merely paved with good intentions in the lights of numerous positive steps that have
been taken towards translating the agenda into full implementation.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2014
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
16
Lenta, Patrick Joseph Peter. "Democracy, national unity and difference: : transformative jurisprudence in the South African constitutional court." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613661.
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Fleetwood, Tamlynn. "Post-apartheid education and building 'unity in diversity' : voices of South African youth." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5934/.
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The challenges facing nation-building and overcoming the legacy of apartheid in South Africa are immense. This thesis examines the crucial role of education in this effort. Drawing primarily on the perspectives of secondary school learners through Participatory Research (PR), this study explores the role of education in providing young people with productive spaces in which they can strengthen national unity. The research makes four key contributions. Firstly, it engages directly with the generation born after 1994, whose attitudes have yet to be adequately reflected in understanding nation- building in South Africa. Secondly, it contributes to a growing body of literature highlighting ‘best practice’ in integrating post-apartheid schools. Thirdly, it offers critical insight into the function of the Life Orientation (LO) curriculum in citizenship education and nation-building. Finally, it decentres and challenges the western emphasis of geographies of education literatures. Drawing on the concept of ‘race trouble’, the results reveal the extent to which the spectre of race, rooted in the apartheid past, continues to haunt the lives, subjectivities and experiences of young people. Overcoming race is crucial to building a united nation for the large majority of learners. Notions of nation and state are intimately connected, and negative perceptions of the current government can lead to marginalisation and disassociation with the nation. Through examining the role of multicultural schools in creating democratic and inclusive spaces, it is argued that they can potentially provide opportunities for meaningful contact that can strengthen national cohesion. More direct interventions are also necessary, however, to ensure that racism, in all its manifestations, is acknowledged and confronted. Although citizenship education also has a role in bridging social divides, this thesis identifies a number of problems confronting teaching and learning in LO. Finally, the research also draws attention to the importance of viewing school spaces as relational and embedded within wider social contexts. In this respect, social attitudes, norms and identities, circulating in broader society both affect and are affected by what happens inside school spaces, with implications for nation-building endeavours.
18
Mbu, M. T. "The Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.) and the settlemant of African disputes : an appraisal of machinery, practice and effectiveness." Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284411.
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Stroman, Walter G. "The essential unity of the American African and the Palestinian Arab: myth or reality?" DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1699.
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The primary research question of this study is: Does a genuine congruence of circumstance and commonality of fundamental interests and goals exist between the American African community and that of the Palestinian Arab that would warrant and legitimate formal overtures for political unity, dialogue, and structured alliances of the two communities? The null hypothesis to be tested herein can be stated: A sufficient degree of homogeneity in the material condition and strategic interests/goals does not exist between the American-African community and the Palestinian Arab community to justify rationally a unified political relationship.
The research method employed used both the traditionalist and behavioralist approaches; that is, while establishing a number Of normative propositions supported by instances of non-quantified data (the nature and scheme of the data analysis permitted little purely quantitative relationships) the study's investigation and assessment emphasized the empirical aspects of the phenomenon, developing specific truth claims based upon measurable criteria and an identifiable conceptual framework. The specific research procedure and techniques relied upon the use of case study for the purposes of interpretative extrapolation and the collection and interpretation of secondary data. Information-retrieval, while quite extensive, was not exhaustive. However, the data gathered was sufficient to establish a verifiable conclusion.
Among the sources used in compiling the data were: (1) relevant professional literature (books and articles), (2) published interviews and surveys, and (3) the wide range of mass media communications. Content analysis was used to interpret symbolic material (e.g., references to "nationalist" rhetoric and objectives by major actors noted in the study).
The study's results agree with the null hypothesis; that is, despite some siimilarities between the two groups, the collective political direction, values, orientation, and long-term objective interests of the two communities, are wholly divergent, rendering any effort at political unification impractical at best.
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Foley, Edmund Amarkwei. "Taking a critical look at conflict resolution and human rights from the Organisation of African Unity to the African Union." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1083.
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"The Organisation of African Unity (OAU), in spite of its commitments to human rights, failed to develop its institutions for conflict resolution and thus address the problem of massive and grave human rights violations that occurred as a result of conflicts. The OAU failed to actively engage the African Commission, which was established to promote and protect human rights, in addressing any of the conflicts in Africa. The OAU also failed to take action on the reports of the African Commission, in which the Commission had highlighted cases of massive and grave violations of human rights occasioned from conflicts. Consequently, most of the conflicts in Africa have not been fully resolved and there are still instances of sporadic outbreaks of violent conflicts with fatal consequences. The African Union (AU) improves upon the commitment of the OAU to human rights and conflict resolution by incorporating human rights norms into its Constitutive Act and the establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AUPSC). However, the AU is yet to demonstrate its real commitment to human rights and conflict resolution particularly in taking action on reports of violations of human rights occurring as a result of conflicts. ... This thesis is composed of five chapters. This first chapter provides a general introduction to the thesis and outlines its structure. Chapter two looks at the relationship between human rights and conflict resolution and examines some of the tensions that exist between the two fields in terms of their normative standards, objectives and strategies. The third chapter then looks at the mechanisms for conflict resolution in Africa under the OAU, manely the Commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration (CMCA) and the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (MCPMR), their successes and failures and the lessons that can be drawn from their performance and also discusses the role of the African Commission in conflict resolution. Chapter four discusses the AUPSC, its structure, powers, organisaton and performance so far. Chapter five covers the conclusions and recommendations of the study." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Enid Hill at the Department of Political Science, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, American University in Cairo, Egypt
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/llm1.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Marshall, Andrew Tyler. "Kiswaihili and decolonization| The Inter-Territorial Language Committee and successor organizations, 1930-1970." Thesis, American University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596783.
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Governments have long used language policy as a means of social control. As Frantz Fanon and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o have argued, language played a key role in supporting colonial rule across Africa and remains part of the colonial legacy. From the late 1920s through World War II, the British colonial governments of Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar promoted the Kiswahili language as a regional lingua franca, a policy facilitated by the Inter-Territorial Language Committee for the East African Dependencies (ILC). I use published sources, archival records, and qualitative textual analysis of the ILC’s published journal to trace the Committee’s development from 1930 to 1970. Building on Ireri Mbaabu’s work, I argue that the British initially chose to promote and standardize Kiswahili as a way to make their subject societies more legible or, in other words, more efficiently governable but reversed course in the 1940s after realizing Kiswahili’s potential as a tool for anti-colonial organizing. The Committee adapted to the British language policy reversal by encouraging East African participation and switching its focus from social control to research. The Tanganyikan nationalists’ commitment to Kiswahili as a building block for a detribalized national identity allowed the Committee to survive the transition to independence and, as a research institute, continue to contribute to the study and promotion of Kiswahili in postcolonial Tanzania and beyond. My case study of the ILC’s transformation affirms the importance of language control for the colonial project and the value of African languages in addressing the ongoing colonial legacy of cultural destruction.
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Nkosi, Mxolisi. "Analysis of OAU/AU responses to unconstitutional changes of Government in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28150.
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This inquiry was prompted by the resurgence of the phenomenon of coups in Africa in the recent past. The most recent wave of coups has brought the phenomenon under the scrutiny of continental and international bodies. Unlike in the first three decades after independence, which were characterized by inaction and indifference in the face of coups, in recent times African leaders are determined to stem the tide of coups through an unprecedented set of continental and sub-regional norms and collective action. The mini-thesis analyses traditional, and modern security paradigms, as well as comparative politics in order to understand and situate African coups. It argues that the African coup oscillates between the realist, organizational and praetorian paradigms of civil-military relations. Unlike its predecessor, the moribund Organisaton of African Unity (OAU), the African Union (AU) through normative instruments has demonstrated greater enthusiasm not only in reversing the coup tide, but more fundamentally in entrenching a culture of democracy and good governance. Its pronouncements and active engagement in coup-affected countries have been consistent, unambiguous and forthright. In conclusion, the mini-thesis identifies and assesses a myriad of factors at state and regional levels, as well the interests of foreign actors which have over the years conspired to limit the ability of continental bodies to deal effectively with unconstitutional changes of government. These factors, which are largely located at state level, at the core of which is the nature and form of the African state, need to be addressed first in order to rid the continent of the coup contagion.Dissertation (MDiplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
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Belmakki, Mohamed. "African sub-regional organizations in peacekeeping and peacemaking : the Economic Community Of West African State (ECOWAS) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FBelmakki.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri, Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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Jensen, Amy. "The Role of International Organizations in the Development of African States." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1174.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Bryson, Brenda J. "The experiences of African American women in feminist domestic violence organizations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11183.
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Guillory, Delores. "Charting the Unsung Legacy of Two Atlanta, Georgia African-American Women's Social Activist Organizations." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/148.
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This study examines the pathways of two Atlanta, Georgia African-American women social activists, Dorothy Lee Bolden Thompson and Ruby Parks Blackburn, and their respective organizations, two unsung heroes that some history books failed to give the proper recognition that they so deserved. It encompasses the challenges, civic work, social justice, and efforts as they emerged as social activists. Additionally, this study is based on the premise that these noteworthy Southern African-American women’s social activist organizations, The Georgia League of Negro Women Voters as founded by Ruby Parks Blackburn and the National Domestic Union established by Dorothy Lee Bolden made a major impact in the Atlanta area. Although they were both from two totally different lifestyles, it is without a doubt that these two fearless women originators of very successful organizations were instrumental in joining together African-American citizens of Atlanta Georgia.
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Abdul-Razaq, Muhammad Alimi. "The Organisation of African Unity and the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3578.
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The adoption of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (AFCHPR) on 17 June 1981 by the O. A. U. Assembly of Heads of States and Government is, singly, the most significant act in the field of Human Rights protection in Africa. The Charter entered into force on 21 October 1986. These developments have inspired the Commission of this thesis.The aim of this thesis is to examine the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa in three main areas, namely, historical/cultural perspectives, national and regional legal regimes for the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa.
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Elazami, Noura. "Emphasizing Unity and Diversity: Middle East and North African Student Community at the Claremont Colleges." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1341.
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Histories of colonialism, imperialism, racism, and immigration have impacted the political and social identities of MENA peoples and created a sense of unity through histories of belonging. These histories provide the framework with which many people recognize, misrecognize, or erase MENA identities and experiences today. I use this historical context to investigate the ways in which MENA identifying students at the Claremont Colleges seek to foster identity based community on campus. Though efforts continue to be made to foster MENA community at the Claremont Colleges, there is more work to be done in order to foster a community in which the diversity of the MENA identifying student population is recognized, while unity is fostered and maintained.
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Train, Katherine Judith. "Compassion in organizations: sensemaking and embodied experience in emergent relational capability. A phenomenological study in South African human service organizations." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16920.
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Includes bibliographical referencesCompassion in organizations is researched as a three-stage process of collective noticing another's pain, empathic concern or feeling another's pain and taking action to ease their suffering, and is ascribed to the orchestration of spontaneous individual acts of compassion in accordance with specific organizational architecture. Situations with limited resources leading to resource exhaustion require further studies to address the risks and liabilities of compassion organizing (Dutton, Worline, Frost, & Lilius, 2006). South African human service organizations face resource limitations within a challenged socio-economic environment. Given these limitations, agents may experience personal distress limiting the capacity for compassion. This study examines agent capacities required for compassion capability in South African human service organizations. The research applies the ontological lens of enaction, an interpretive design, and the descriptive phenomenological method in psychology (Giorgi, 2009), adapted for human science in organizations. Data was collected, with semi-structured interviews, as concrete descriptions of experiences, from thirty-three participants, from five organizations. Eleven participants underwent multiple interviews. Intensity sampling was applied to gain understanding of information-rich cases that were intense but not extreme, maximum variation sampling to access primary themes across a range of service providers. Texts, as transcriptions of audio recordings, were analyzed applying the phenomenological reduction to search for invariant organizational behavioural meanings. Texts were read for a sense of the whole; broken down to meaning units; and transformed to phenomenological expressions of meaning. Descriptions of experiences were categorized according to empathic concern or personal distress, like experiences were grouped by organization as units of description. Units of description were compared between the organizations. The key findings were that compassion in organizations characterized by resource limitation requires special attention, particularly when agent and client share common experiences of adversity, initiating experiences of personal distress. The overcoming of personal distress requires agent capacities of individual and participatory sensemaking: identifying reaction, identifying non-verbal cues in self and other; engaging capacities of emoting, intending and urging. Sustainable practice of compassion is characterized by the intention to facilitate new sensemaking of the experience of the suffering, witnessing the suffering as well as the alleviation of suffering.
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Mabaso, Fulufhelo Given. "Rationalizing downsizing with long-term profitability : an empirical focus in South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/850.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research is to test the rationale of corporate downsizing as a method of promoting long-term profitability in South African companies. This study is similar to that conducted by Pallian & Shalhoub (2002: 436-447) on US-based companies. The sample consists of 58 JSE-listed companies, which announced their intention to downsize during the period 1995 - 1997. This period gives 10 years after the announcement to study the effect of downsizing on long-run profitability. The original sample consisted of more than 172 companies (listed, non-listed and state-owned companies). 82 of these companies were listed on the JSE, and the rest were state-owned companies, government departments, universities or small companies. Of the 82 listed companies about 24 were delisted from JSE due to number of reasons, including liquidation, winding up and failure to meet the JSE listing requirements. Thus these companies did not survive, despite downsizing. For that reason, the sample was reduced to 58 companies. The financial data for each company was collected for the period 1997-2006. The relationship between the downsizing index and the six financial variables (i.e., ROE, ROI, operating costs, cash flow from operations, earnings per share (EPS) and market share) was explored to study the impact of downsizing actions in long-run financial performance. The findings of this study suggest that downsizing is not in the best interests of financial performance in the long run. There is a very low correlation between downsizing activity and these variables. Where the correlation does exist, it is negative. Downsizing also accounts very little for the variations in these variables. That means if there is an improvement in any of these financial performance variables it could not be explained by the downsizing, but instead by other variables. Thus there are many other factors that organizations need to explore in order to improve their long-run financial performance. These findings also similar those of Pallian & Shalhoub (2002) study. Some authors like Balazas, De Vries & Manfred (2004), and Biratti & Tziner (2004), suggested some ways to prevent downsizing failures, which include: • Giving advance notice, to give the victims a chance to look for employment elsewhere, • Supporting the victims by offering them financial aid, • Counseling support, etc. Despite these measures, downsizing will still reduce the level of trust in the organization, hence the negative impact on the financial performance. It is thus suggested that downsizing should be applied only as a last resort. Based on the findings of this and the US study, downsizing is seen as a painful and costly exercise that does not benefit organizations in the long run. Organizations need to adopt strategic directions which will be able to sustain them in the future. Therefore, as an alternative to the downsizing strategy, the following model by Oosthuizen (2006) is recommended in order to formulate successful business strategy, regardless of the situation the organizations find themselves in. This process is divided into four steps, namely: 1. Strategic intent, which includes defining the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the business. 2. External environment analysis. This includes macro analysis (PESTE) and industrial analysis. 3. Internal environment analysis. This includes analysis of company’s current strategy and its past performance, the value chain and processes (resources, capabilities and competencies). 4. Formulation of business strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om die rationale agter korporatiewe downsizing as metode om langtermyn winsgewendheid in Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye te bevorder. Dié studie is soortgelyk aan ‘n studie wat op VSA gebaseerde maatskappye deur Pallian & Shalhoub (2002: 436-447) uitgevoer is. Die steekproef bestaan uit 58 Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (JSE) genoteerde maatskappye wat hulle voorneme aangekondig het om tussen 1995 en 1997 te downsize. Dié tydperk laat toe 10 jaar om die uitwerking van downsizing op langtermyn winsgewendheid te bepaal. Die oorspronklike steekproef het uit meer as 172 maatskappye bestaan (genoteerd, nie genoteerd nie en maatskappye in staatsbesit). 82 hiervan was op die JSE genoteer, die res was of in staatsbesit of staatsdepartemente. Van die 82 maatskappye, is omtrent 24 van die JSE verwyder om verskeie redes, insluitend likwidasie, afwikkeling of versuim om aan JSE vereistes te voldoen. Hierdie maatskappye het dus ten spyte van downsizing nie oorleef nie. Om die rede, is die steekproef tot 58 maatskappye verminder. Die finansiële data vir elke maatskappy is vir die tydperk 1997-2006 versamel. Die verwantskap tussen die downsizing indeks en die ses finansiële veranderlikes (d.w.s wins op uitgawes (ROE), wins op belegging (ROI), operasionele kostes, kontantvloei vanaf operasies, verdienste per aandeel (EPS) en markdeel) is ondersoek om die uitwerking van downsizing op langtermyn finansiële verrigting te bepaal. Die bevinding van hierdie studie stel voor dat downsizing nie die belange van langtermyn finansiële verrigting dien nie. Daar is ‘n lae korrelasie tussen downsizing optredes en dié veranderlikes. Waar korrelasies wel bestaan, is hulle negatief. Downsizing verklaar ook min van die wisseling van hierdie veranderlikes. Dit beteken dat as daar ‘n verbetering is in enige van hierdie finansiële verrigtingsveranderlikes, dit nie aan downsizing toegeskryf kan word nie, maar wel aan ander veranderlikes. Daar is dus baie ander faktore wat organisasies behoort te ondersoek om hulle langtermyn finansiële verrigting te verbeter. Hierdie bevindings weerspieël dié van Pallian & Shalhoub (2002) se navorsing. Skrywers soos Balazas, De Vries & Manfred (2004), en Biratti & Tziner (2004), stel sekere metodes voor om downsizing mislukkings te vermy, insluitend: • Om vooruit kennis te gee, sodat slagoffers kans kry om elders indiensneming te soek; • Om slagoffers te ondersteun deur middel van om finansiële hulp aan te bied; • Ondersteunende raadgewing, ens. Ten spyte van sulke maatreëls, sal downsizing steeds die vlak van vertroue in ‘n organisasie verminder en ‘n negatiewe uitwerking op finansiële verrigting tot gevolg hê. Dit word dus voorgestel dat downsizing slegs as laaste toevlug aangewend word. Gebaseer op die bevindings van hierdie en die VSA studie, word downsizing as ‘n pynlik en duur oefening beskou wat organisasies nie in die langtermyn baat nie. Organisasies behoort strategiese rigtings te volg wat hulle in die toekoms sal uithou. Dus, in plaas van die downsizing strategie, word die volgende model deur Oosthuizen (2006) aanbeveel om ‘n besigheidsstrategie te formuleer ongeag die organisasie se omstandighede. Die proses word in vier stappe opgedeel, naamlik: 1. Strategiese bedoeling, wat definering van visie, misie, doel en spesifieke doelwitte van die besigheid insluit. 2. Eksterne omgewingsanalise. Dit sluit in makroanalise en nywerheidsanalise. 3. Interne omgewingsanalise. Dit sluit in analise van maatskappy se huidige strategie, sowel as sy vorige verrigting, die waardeketting en prosesse (hulpbronne, bekwaamhede en beskikthede). 4. Formulering van besigheidsstrategie.
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Mohamed, Aisha. "Digesting the Pan-African Failure and the Role of African Psychology : Fanonian understanding of the Pan-African failure in establishing oneness and ending disunity/xenophobia in South Africa." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44052.
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The study insists on understanding the miscarriage of “Pan-Africanism” and the role of “African” mentality with the help of Fanon’s psychoanalysis “Black Skin, White Mask,” exemplifying the immense colonial, slavery, and apartheid psychological damages experienced by Black individuals resulting Blacks/Africans self-hate and a desire to be “white” throughout the domain of Western culture, ideology, and language. To provide accurate analysis of the “Pan-African” failure to solve increasing blacks-hate-against-blacks/xenophobia in South Africa, concepts othering, mimicry, subaltern from the critical theory (postcolonialism) were applied. Thereupon, Qualitative Content Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis relying on the theoretical concepts were conducted, which underlined how the mimicry process makes Africa's interaction an elite-driven one, oppressing African/subaltern citizens. The findings showed a need for "Black-Consciousness" and Nkrumah's “Pan-African” vision (African unification) to end colonial-mentality generating collective subordination of Subaltern/Africans. Generally, the use of Fanon’s psycho-social analysis has shown that the generational oppression, trauma, and cultural stereotypes continue to robotize and dictate African leaders and the African Union's favoritism of Western “neo-liberal” policies. It is summarized that the “Pan-African” failure is a failure of gradual unconscious “Pan-Africanists” who pledge allegiance to “Western” policies rather than rededicating themselves to durable Radical “Pan-Africanism” which is an antidote to Africa’s self-hate/xenophobia, neo-colonialism, and the robotization of unconscious Africans.
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Uwimpuhwe, Denys. "Xenophobia and the role of immigrant organizations in the City of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5273.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe aim of this study is to develop an understanding of Cape Town's foreign African immigrants by looking at the profile, character and role of immigrant associations and how they shape survival strategies as well as possible paths to the integration of African immigrants. The thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the mediating role played by Cape Town's African foreign immigrant organisations. I also look at the transnational activities of these organizations. I selected Cape Town because it prides itself on liberal values of toleration, diversity and non-racialism while at the same time branding itself as an African City. The City of Cape Town has no comprehensive policy that protects or promotes the immigrants’ interests. The study of the agency and organisations of foreign African immigrants has been singularly neglected by scholars who have been mostly concerned with understanding why South Africans are xenophobic. This study is largely qualitative with life stories interviews that shed light on the context of exit and reception of African immigrants in Cape Town and reveals the hardship immigrants endure and the problems they face in their efforts to integrate into South African society. The thesis shows the different kinds of exclusions African immigrants face in both private and public spaces and highlights also the role of immigrant's organizations in negotiating space and dealing with xenophobic attacks on their community members. My findings concur with the work of key scholars such Alejandro Portes. Immigrant organisations have a variety of activities and sub-organisations that promote both transnational and local collective action. The thesis documents types of immigrant organisations, their characteristics, location, membership, objectives, activities and their efforts in assisting their members in cases of xenophobic attacks. In Cape Town, immigrants have formed organizations that help them to network with one another in order to negotiate space in this hostile environment.
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Leonard, Anné. "Communicating affirmative action during transformational change a South African case study perspective /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09282005-135714.
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Ancas, Sarah. "Peacemaking in Africa : - a critical analysis of the relationship between the African Union and African sub-regional organizations in recent peacemaking initiatives." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10033.
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This thesis considers the question of how, in practice, a regional organization comes to take the leading role in managing a peacemaking intervention. More specifically, it considers which criteria, if any, are used in the choice of a lead actor in peacemaking efforts, and how the principles of 'subsidiarity, complementarity and comparative advantage,' as laid out in the Memorandum of Understanding between the AU and the subregional organizations, are being applied in this decision making. The recent example cases of Zimbabwe, Kenya and Cote d'Ivoire are specifically analyzed to show the reality of the working relationship in the present.
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Ribeiro, Clarissa Correa Neto. "Overlapping organizations, political crises, and coexistence : complementarity and fragmentation in south american and african regionalisms /." Marília, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192681.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoAbstract: The present research has the occurrence of overlapping regionalisms as its object, with a comparative cut for South America and Africa. The purpose of this thesis is to study types of institutional interaction and to analyze the effects of overlapping in the coexistence between regional processes in order to understand their dynamics in the above-mentioned regions. The observation of organizational behaviors and interaction is made through cases of political crises on the selected regions, as we assume that the interactions between overlapping regional organizations in those situations would tend to be more fragmenting than complementary as they go beyond the traditional membership-mandate relationship. Therefore, we also analyze overlapping performances and seek to understand how regional organizations will behave and interact while dealing with political crises, which constitute critical junctures, in accordance with the theoretical and methodological framework of the thesis. This work aims to produce a broad qualitative analysis of the given regions by considering applicable cases that cover all of the sub-regions and hence to contribute to the field of comparative regionalism by providing generalization and institutional learnings which are not derived by a given model of regionalism, but nonetheless based on a cross regional approach. The data is processed through document analysis and further systemized via the construction of presence and absence exercises, consisting ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem por objeto a ocorrência de regionalismos sobrepostos, com recorte comparativo para a América do Sul e a África. O propósito desta tese é estudar tipos de interação institucional e analisar os efeitos da sobreposição na coexistência entre processos regionais, de modo a entender sua dinâmica nas regiões supramencionadas. A observação de comportamentos organizacionais e interações é feita através de casos de crises políticas nas regiões selecionadas, uma vez que se assume que ditas interações entre organizações regionais sobrepostas tenderiam a produzir efeitos mais fragmentantes do que complementares para o espaço, uma vez que as mesmas ultrapassam a tradicional relação entre filiação e mandato. Portanto, se analisa também a sobreposição de performances enquanto se procura compreender como as organizações regionais irão se comportar e interagir ao lidar com crises políticas, que constituem conjunturas críticas, de acordo com o referencial teóricometodológico da pesquisa. A tese pretende produzir uma análise qualitativa de grande dimensão das regiões dadas, considerando casos aplicáveis que abarquem todas as sub-regiões e, assim, contribuir para o campo do regionalismo comparado, fornecendo generalizações e aprendizagens institucionais que não são derivadas de um dado modelo de regionalismo, mas, baseadas em uma abordagem regional cruzada. Os dados são processados através da análise de documentos e posteriormente sistematizados através da construção de ex... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Resumen: La presente investigación tiene como objeto la superposición de regionalismos como su objetivo, con un corte comparativo para América del Sur y África. El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar los tipos de interacción institucional y analizar los efectos de la superposición en la coexistencia entre procesos regionales para comprender su dinámica en las regiones mencionadas. El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar los tipos de interacción institucional y analizar los efectos de la superposición en la coexistencia entre procesos regionales para comprender su dinámica en las regiones mencionadas. La observación de los comportamientos e interacciones organizacionales se realiza a través de casos de crisis políticas en las regiones seleccionadas, ya que suponemos que las interacciones entre las organizaciones regionales superpuestas en esas situaciones tenderían a ser más fragmentarias que complementarias, ya que van más allá de la relación tradicional de membresía-mandato. Por lo tanto, también analizamos desempeños superpuestos y buscamos comprender cómo se comportarán e interactuarán las organizaciones regionales al enfrentar crisis políticas, que constituyen coyunturas críticas, de acuerdo con el marco teórico y metodológico de la tesis. La tesis tiene como objetivo producir un análisis cualitativo amplio de las regiones dadas al considerar los casos aplicables que cubren todas las subregiones y, por lo tanto, contribuir al campo del regionalismo comparativo al proporcionar general... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Doutor
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Williams, Alicia D. "Making Sense of Her Journey: Exploring African American Female Executives' Leadership Experiences Within Nonprofit Organizations." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28150598.
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Making Sense of Her Journey: Exploring African American Female Executives’ Leadership Experiences within Nonprofit Organizations African American females have a desire to lead and some have even reached the executive leadership table. However, as there remains a significant absence of African American female executives at the nonprofit leadership table, by investing in this group of resilient and determined women, nonprofit organizations are better positioned to meet the critical needs of their communities, encourage diversity in decision-making and strategically tap into the leadership experiences of a group of women who are often being served by this industry. This study explored how African American female executives made sense of their leadership experiences within the nonprofit industry in the United States. Through exploring the lived experiences as narratives shared by African American female executives within the nonprofit industry, this study offered insight into the complexities of their levels of oppression and discrimination and how these uniquely positioned women made sense of their leadership journeys within their organizational settings. Specifically, this study sought to make a valuable contribution to Black Feminist Thought/Theory (BFT) in the nonprofit industry in particular, as a majority of the literature has been focused on academic settings. The research sample included nine (9) African American females who are or were executive directors of a nonprofit organization based in the United States. The time period studied was bound by the years (1990 to 2020) to ensure the foundational research related to Black Feminist Thought/Theory (BFT) and current research were captured. This study utilized qualitative research methods through narrative inquiry analysis. Data have been collected from participant interviews, as transcribed from digital recordings. This study was based on four key assumptions; 1) Sensemaking as a process was central to the participants’ unique lived experiences, 2) Oppression was a constant, ever-present and institutionalized obstacle under which the participants lived into their executive leadership experiences, 3) African American females often had interconnected experiences of multiple identities in society, and 4) African American sisterhood was an intentional relationship the women built or sought out to provide a supportive space as African American female executives within the nonprofit industry. This study showed how ultimately, who the women were could not be confined to only one identity, as their realities consistently supported them living out their experiences through the intersection of their multiple systems of oppressions connected to the interwoven nature of their race, gender, and for some class.
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Niemann, Ilse. "Strategic integrated communication implementation towards a South African conceptual model /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-100746.
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Ogah, Marvel Saturday. "Productivity and Employee Behavior Change Strategies in Two Nigerian Manufacturing Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4878.
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Some Nigerian manufacturing organizations suffer significant losses yearly due to a lack of employee commitment and engagement. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to gain understanding of the strategies that leaders in the manufacturing industries in Lagos need to know in order to change employee behavior to achieve increased organizational productivity levels. The conceptual framework that grounded the study was the path-goal theory of leadership. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with a purposeful sample consisting of 24 managerial and non-managerial staff members of 2 manufacturing organizations in Nigeria who have had experience in, and training, and education on how to change employee behavior to achieve increased productivity. The interview consisted of open-ended questions. Using Yin's 5 step data analysis process, member checking, and triangulation, 13 themes emerged: motivated employees, productivity, motivation, enabling work environment, transformational leadership style, continuous improvement, unprofitable organization, low capacity utilization, demotivation, dwindling capacity, diversification, capability development, and innovation. Leaders of Nigerian manufacturing organizations may be able to use these emergent themes to develop strategies to increase the productivity of their employees. The potential implications for positive social change stem from Nigerian manufacturing organizational leaders' development of more effective leadership skills, which may contribute to the growth of the Nigerian manufacturing sector and be a viable source of employment creation.
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Ford, David Julius Jr. "A grounded theory of the college experiences of African American males in Black Greek-letter organizations." Thesis, Old Dominion University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3580583.
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Studies have shown that involvement in a student organization can improve the academic and psychosocial outcomes of African American male students (Harper, 2006b; Robertson & Mason, 2008; Williams & Justice, 2010). Further, Harper, Byars, and Jelke (2005) stated that African American fraternities and sororities (i.e., Black Greek-letter organizations [BGLOs]) are the primary venues by which African American students become involved on campus. This grounded theory study examined the relationship between membership in a BOLO and the overall college experiences of African American male college students at a Predominantly White Institution (PWI). Eleven themes were identified in the study indicating that membership had a positive impact on the college experiences of African American male college students at a PWI. The study also examined the perceptions of counselors and other college student personnel regarding their role in improving the academic and psychosocial outcomes of African American male college students. Participants indicated that their role is to provide academic and psychosocial support for these students; they offered strategies for PWIs to improve the persistence and success of these students. Implications for counseling, higher education, and Black Greek life are provided.
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Fogwell, Stephanie Anne. "The Legality of the African Union's right to intervention." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37355.
Full textAbstract:
The African Union (AU) was established by the African Union Constitutive Act in 2000 to address the shortcomings of its predecessor the Organisation for African Unity (OAU). One of the main considerations for the establishment of the AU was the OAU’s strict adherence to the principle of non-intervention. The OAU was established on the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity but the leaders of Africa realised that while the protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity was important ambitions for the African continent, it was just as important that African conflicts are resolved more effectively. While the AU Constitutive Act restates the commitment of the AU to the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity, the AU Constitutive Act also provides for protection of human rights and, most significantly, for the limited intervention by the AU in grave circumstances.
Article 4(h) of the AU Constitutive Act provides the “right of the Union to intervene in a Member State pursuant to a decision of the Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity”. The right to intervention contain in this article provide a great opportunity to improve the effectiveness of conflict management on the African continent. However, Articles 2(4) and 2(7) of the United Nations Charter pose a strong challenge to the legality of intervention under article 4(h) of the AU Constitutive Act.
It is generally accepted that consent or invitation by the state concerned precluded any wrongfulness of the prima facie violation of international law and in particular a valid exception to the prohibition on the use of force. By signing the AU Constitutive Act the member states of the AU consented in advance to the possibility of intervention and consequently there is no conflict between the right to intervene and the prohibition of the use of force, as long as the AU remains within the bounds set out in the AU Constitutive Act and the succeeding mandate given by the Assembly.
It might be argued that the prohibition on the use of force is a ius cogens norm that cannot be contracted out and that any agreement to this effect is void. However, the commentaries to Article 26 of the Articles on State Responsibility state that consent may be relevant when applying such a peremptory norm. Furthermore, only the prohibition on aggression is peremptory in nature. The definition of aggression states inter alia that aggression is the use of armed force on the territory of another in contravention of an agreement between the parties concerned. Thus, use of force undertaken in the territory of a state within the bounds of the agreement between the parties is not aggression and thus not a violation of a peremptory norm.
The increased international focus on human rights and human security has influenced the way the notion of sovereignty and the principle of non-interference are understood. In 2001 the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty’s report “The Responsibility to Protect” introduced the twin norms of sovereignty as a responsibility and the Responsibility to Protect. The notion of sovereignty as a responsibility implies that every state has the responsibility to protect its people from gross human rights abuses, while the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) refers to the responsibility of the international community to act should as state be unwilling or unable to fulfil its responsibilities towards its citizens.
By incorporation of the right to intervention in its Constitutive Act, the AU has embraced the concept of Responsibility to Protect. While the international endorsement of this concept and the constant paralysis of the SC, especially in respect of Africa, adds considerable legitimacy to possible intervention by the AU in terms of article 4(h).Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Pickens, E. Ann Kellison Kimberly R. "A power for good in the church women's organizations within the black Baptist church in Texas, 1880-1895 /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5166.
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Wilson, John. "The religious contribution of C.H. Mason and the Church of God in Christ toward racial unity." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Eastlin, Carolyn I. "Hazing within Black Greek Letter Organizations| Perceptions of BGLO Members and Higher Education Administrators." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10814967.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Researchers have noted gender and racial differences regarding hazing practices within Greek-letter organizations (Parks et al., 2014). Black Greek-letter organizations focus on physical hazing practices, while their white counterparts focus on alcohol abuse and consumption (Kimbrough, 2003; Parks et al., 2014). As it pertains to gender, black Greek fraternities are more likely to participate in hazing activities, than black Greek sororities. This research has explored the perceptions of black Greek fraternity members and higher education administrators regarding anti-hazing statues and policies, hazing within black Greek-letter organizations (BGLOs), and its culture. It has been guided by the overarching research question: What are higher education administrators and black Greek fraternity members? knowledge levels and perceptions regarding anti-hazing laws and BGLO traditions and their effects on the BGF members? participation?
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Ayalew, Albab Tesfaye. "African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights : prospects and challenges of prosecuting unconstitutional changes of government as an international crime." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37278.
Full textAbstract:
In its latest attempt to curb the plight of unconstitutional changes of government in Africa,
the African Union (AU) is in the process of empowering the African Court of Justice and
Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) to prosecute perpetrators of unconstitutional
changes of government in member states. This study considers the prospects and
challenges of such prosecution by the proposed African Court. The study first identifies the
normative and institutional framework developed by the Organisation of African Unity
(OAU), and later the AU to address unconstitutional changes of government in the
continent. It then analyses the AU’s response to unconstitutional changes of government in
member states, taking Guinea, The Comoros, Niger, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya as case
studies. In doing so, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the AU’s response to the
changes in these countries, including the capability of the AU’s normative and institutional
framework to address all forms of unconstitutional changes in the region. Most
importantly, the study addresses the challenges and prospects of prosecuting
unconstitutional changes of government by the proposed African Court and whether the
Court would be able to overcome the short-comings identified in the case studies. It finally
concludes and recommends based on the findings of the study.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Dollar, Disa G. "Organisational culture in a South African non-governmental organisation: the challenge of a changing environment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015510.
Full textAbstract:
Using Schein's (1992) notion of organisational culture, this study explored the position of a South African nongovernmental organisation (NGO) in the changing environment of post-apartheid South Africa. The study pursued three central goals: to describe the organisational culture of a South African NGO; to examine the tensions that have emerged owing to the changing nature of the organisational culture; and to analyze the organisational culture in relation to the changing NGO environment. The basic assumptions of the organisation regarding networking, the relationship with the government, funders and funding, leadership, human resource development, and service delivery, were collected. A single case study design was employed, with a sample of eight participants (representing the four different sections of the NGO) being drawn. Data were collected through documentary analysis, a focus group, and eight individual interviews using the critical incident technique. Analysis was performed using various qualitative data analysis techniques. The researcher found that participants considered networking, a cooperative relationship with the government, a proactive approach to obtaining funding, effective leadership and human resource development, and a good reputation for service delivery, to be essential for NGO survival. NGO basic assumptions are undergoing a transformation process, and tensions exist between long-standing and emerging assumptions. It was found that the transformation of assumptions is enabling the NGO to adapt to the challenges of the changing environment.
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Teng'o, Dan. "More of the Same: The Flow and Framing of African News on the Web sites of Five Western News Organizations and an African News Aggregator." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1217576335.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2009). Advisor: Max Grubb. Keywords: African news; news flow; framing; journalism; mass communication; agenda setting; gatekeeping. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-104).
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Naidoo, Goonasagree. "Leadership and governance for a sustainable public service the case for selected South African public service organizations /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302005-105316.
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Oestreich, Julia. "They Saw Themselves as Workers: Interracial Unionism in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and the Development of Black Labor Organizations, 1933-1940." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/156801.
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HistoryPh.D.
'They Saw Themselves as Workers' explores the development of black membership in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) in the wake of the "Uprising of the 30,000" garment strike of 1933-34, as well as the establishment of independent black labor or labor-related organizations during the mid-late 1930s. The locus for the growth of black ILGWU membership was Harlem, where there were branches of Local 22, one of the largest and the most diverse ILGWU local. Harlem was also where the Negro Labor Committee (NLC) was established by Frank Crosswaith, a leading black socialist and ILGWU organizer. I provide some background, but concentrate on the aftermath of the marked increase in black membership in the ILGWU during the 1933-34 garment uprising and end in 1940, when blacks confirmed their support of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and when the labor-oriented National Negro Congress (NNC) was irrevocably split by struggles over communist influence. By that time, the NLC was also struggling, due to both a lack of support from trade unions and friendly organizations, as well as the fact that the Committee was constrained by the political views and personal grudges of its founder. Yet, during the period examined in "They Saw Themselves as Workers," the ILGWU and its Local 22 thrived. Using primary sources including the records of the ILGWU and various locals, the NLC, and the NNC, I argue that educational programming was largely responsible for the ILGWU's success during the 1930s, not political ideology, as others have argued. In fact, I assert that political ideology was often detrimental to organizations like the NLC and NNC, alienating many blacks during a period when they increasingly shifted their allegiance to the Democratic Party. Conversely, through educational programming that brought unionists of various racial and ethnic backgrounds together and celebrated their differences, the ILGWU assimilated new African American members and strengthened interracial working-class solidarity. That programming included such ostensibly apolitical activities as classes, dances, musical and theatrical performances, sporting events, and trips to resorts and places of cultural interest. Yet, by attracting workers who wanted to expand their minds and enjoy their lives outside of work to combat the misery of the Depression, the ILGWU cemented their devotion to the union and its agenda. Thus, through activities that were not overtly political, the ILGWU drew workers into the labor movement, and ultimately into the New Deal coalition in support of President Roosevelt and the Democratic Party. As the union flourished, part of an increasingly influential labor movement, it offered African American workers a better path to political power than the Negro Labor Committee or the National Negro Congress during the mid-late 1930s.
Temple University--Theses
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Ndlovu, Sinqobile Khobotho. "Have the continuous improvement (CI) efforts at Absa Bank's Horizon Medium Business Banking Unit, in the Gauteng West Region successfully addressed the key concepts of continuous improvement as set out by Trollip, 2008?" Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/904.
Full textAbstract:
Success in today’s highly competitive financial sector requires an organization to have a sustainable competitive advantage that would distinguish it from the rest. Products offered by financial organizations are naturally the same and the quality of service plays a critical role in terms of creating the much needed competitive advantage. This calls for the implementation of quality initiatives like Continuous improvement (CI). This paper investigates the extent to which CI efforts at the Horizon business unit of Absa corporate and business banking have successfully addressed the key concepts of CI set out by Trollip (2008). A literature survey was undertaken into the elements and benefits of CI. Questionnaires were sent to all employees of the business unit for their views on CI and the impact, they believe it has on the unit’s endeavors to deliver faster, defect free, innovative products/services, whilst achieving tougher goals. In conclusion the research paper led to recommendations to improve the CI efforts at the Horizon business unit. The research also confirmed the importance of the commitment of all employees is essential for the success of CI efforts in improving the quality of service offered by an organization.
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Mey, Jan Hendrik Phillipus. "The impact of implementing world class manufacturing on company performance : a case study of the ArcelorMittal South Africa Saldanha Works Business Unit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18215.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Purpose: Literature on World Class Manufacturing is very limited. Some information exists on the concepts behind it, but very little exist on the framework and physical implementation. Also, a lot of information is available on other productivity improvement initiatives but not a lot is mentioned about the implementation thereof and the difficulties experienced during the implementation. This paper aims to provide not only an overview of the framework of World Class Manufacturing as interpreted by ArcelorMittal, but also a case study of such an implementation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The approach taken with this paper is to give an overview of the World Class Manufacturing framework as interpreted by ArcelorMittal and to provide a case study of an actual implementation thereof. Findings: Productivity improvement initiatives have real value for the companies that implement them, but this value can only be sustained if the principles behind them are entrenched in the company’s strategy. Practical Implications: The result of this paper is the design of a Business Management Framework that will support the sustainability of a World Class Manufacturing implementation. Originality/Value: The value of this paper lies not only with the building of the body of knowledge with respect to World Class Manufacturing but also in the design of a new concept for the support of sustained value creation of World Class Manufacturing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Literatuur oor “World Class Manaufacturing” is baie beperk. Daar is wel literatuur oor die konsepte agter dit, maar daar bestaan baie min literatuur oor die raamwerk asook die fisiese implementering. Daar bestaan ook baie literatuur oor ander produktiwiteits verbetering initiatiewe, maar daarin word daar ook baie min melding gemaak van die implementering asook die probleme wat ondervind word gedurende die tyd. Die verslag se mikpunt is om ’n oorsig te gee van die raamwerk van “World Class Manufacturing” soos wat dit deur ArcelorMittal geinterpreteer word, asook om ’n voorbeeld te gee van so ’n implementering. Ontwerp/Metodologie/Aanslag: Die aanslag wat geneem is met die verslag is om ‘n oorsig te gee van die raamwerk van “World Class Manufacturing” soos wat dit geinterpreteer word deur ArcelorMittal asook om ‘n voorbeeld te gee van die implementering daarvan. Bevindings: Produktiwiteits verbetering initiatiewe lewer regte waarde aan die maatskappye wat dit implementeer, maar die waarde kan net volhou word as die beginsels agter die initiatiewe ingeburger word in die maatskappy se strategie. Praktiese Implikasies: Die resultaat van die verslag is die ontwerp van ‘n Besigheids Bestuur Raamwerk wat die volhoubaarheid van die implementering van “World Class Manufacturing” sal ondersteun. Oorspronklikheid/Waarde: Die waarde van die verslag le nie net in die opbou van die kennis wat beskikbaar is oor “World Class Manufacturing” nie, maar ook in die ontwerp van ’n nuwe konsep for the onderhouding van volhoubare waarde skepping met “World Class Manufacturing”.