Academic literature on the topic 'Organizations et institutions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
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Létourneau, Paul. "Les Allemagnes et la division Est-Ouest : Une ambivalence politique." Études internationales 16, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701883ar.
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This article is about the role of international bureaucracies in the determination of the general policies of international organizations. In this paper it is argued that in general international organizations' Secretariats generally do wield, considerable power over the definition of the institutions' strategies, i.e. those activities, priorities and projects which taken together make up the program of the institution for a given period. Indeed, the international bureaucrats exercise tremendous control over the content of the program. This is so because international organizations have special functions in the world System. They must see to it that, certain states of affairs prevail in the world over the long run. It is, therefore, no surprise that the programs' content be more or less shielded from conjonctural fluctuations. The article then proceeds to test these hypotheses on a concrete case: the analysis of the processus through which Unesco's program goes before becoming the official policy of the organization.
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Guerrien, Bernard. "Quelques réflexions sur institutions, organisations et histoire." Économie appliquée 43, no. 3 (1990): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.1990.2181.
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Our purpose is to show that the neo-institutionalist research program, which clearly adopts a neo-classical approach, cannot – inside this approach – be fruitful, because of the technical and conceptual difficulties it encounters. The only way of grasping the role that institutions and organizations play is to adopt a global and historical approach.
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Rose, Philip S., Stephen T. T. Teo, Diep Nguyen, and Nguyen Phong Nguyen. "Intern to employee conversion via person–organization fit." Education + Training 63, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-08-2020-0225.
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PurposeInternships are utilized globally to recruit graduate employees. However, there is a limited understanding of the process by which interns convert into regular employees, particularly in non-Western research contexts. Integrating attraction–selection–attrition (ASA) theory and proactive career behaviors, this study identifies the mechanisms influencing interns' intentions to convert into regular employment in host organizations in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachTime lagged, questionnaire data were collected from 669 final-year undergraduate business and economics students who participated in internship programs in a large metropolitan city in Vietnam.FindingsThe results indicate that the interns who exhibit proactive career behaviors are more likely to foster high-quality reciprocal relationships with their supervisors and work colleagues during internships. These positive relations magnify interns' intentions to become regular employees via their perceived person–organization fit.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for higher education institutions and host organizations when designing internship programs to maximize employment outcomes via conversion of interns into regular employees.Originality/valuePrevious studies have not tested the critical aspect of ASA theory regarding the personalities of the interns when building work-related relationships that result in the person–organization fit before accepting job offers from host organizations.
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Massera, Alberto. "La crise du système ministériel et le développement des établissements publics et des autorités administratives indépendantes." Revue française d'administration publique 67, no. 1 (1993): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1993.2714.
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The Crisis of the Ministerial System and the Development of Autonomous Public Bodies and Independent Administrative Authorities The organization of ministerial departments is quite different from the principles laid down in the “Cavour Act”. The tendency to concentrate the services within ministries has been reversed as soon as the beginning of the XXth century. Eventually, public administration has become multi-organizational : the ministerial departments have progressively lost their role as an organizational centre to the benefit of other institutions. A quest for unity has become unrealistic, but new rules and organizations have to be defined.
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Endriulaitiene, Aukse, Aurelija Stelmokiene, Giedre Geneviciute-Janoniene, Loreta Gustainiene, Gabija Jarasiunaite, and Loreta Buksnyte-Marmiene. "Attitudes of staff members towards development of elder care organizations." International Journal of Public Leadership 13, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-04-2016-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how perceived leadership effectiveness is related to staff members’ attitudes towards development of elderly care organizations in private and public institutions. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted using self-report questionnaire that contained Modified Leadership Effectiveness Questionnaire (Heck et al., 2000), the scale of attitude towards change from Preziosi’s Organizational Diagnosis Model (1980) and organizational development intentions measure developed for the study. The respondents were 510 Lithuanian social workers and other staff members employed in different public and private elderly care organizations. Findings The results revealed that perceived higher leadership effectiveness was associated with more positive employees’ judgements on organization’s readiness to change both in private and public sector elderly care organizations. But perceived leadership effectiveness was not associated with staff members’ intentions to change. Also it was found that different models for private and public sector that explained the importance of particular leadership behaviours in the prediction of employees’ judgements on organizational change and intentions to change were valid. Originality/value This study may add to further broaden knowledge on attitudes of staff members towards development of elderly care organization and the role of leadership effectiveness taking into account the type of organization.
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Abidin, Zainal, and Sandy Gunawan. "Partnership in corporate social responsibility program: Indonesia case study." Jurnal Manajemen Strategi dan Aplikasi Bisnis 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36407/jmsab.v7i1.1170.
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This current study is a qualitative single case study focusing on the implementation program of the CSR partnership between PT Prudential Life Assurance (PLA) and Institut Kemandirian Dompet Dhuafa Republika (IKDDR) from 2012–2016. Based on purposive sampling, the main respondents in this research are representatives from three institutions: the government, corporations, and Third Sector Organizations (Organisasi et al./OST), as well as beneficiaries from the society. The study finds six conclusions: (1) the partnership of these two institutions is affected by a lack of resources, efficiency pressure, and other innovative program opportunities; (2) partner selection relies on the alignment of the vision, mission, and values of the organization, reputation, experience, and competency of a potential partner; and (3) the main considerations in program formulation are innovation and cost efficiency; (4) the most important aspects in program monitoring and evaluation are performance and punctuality; (5) program impact analysis is obtained from field observation and interview with related institution and (6) decision of the program continuation is on the authority of funder organization.
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Avissar, Ilana, Iris Alkaher, and Dafna Gan. "The role of distributed leadership in mainstreaming environmental sustainability into campus life in an Israeli teaching college." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 19, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 518–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-07-2017-0105.
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Purpose Distributed leadership has been reported in the literature as an effective management approach for educational organizations such as institutions of higher education. This study aims to investigate the role of distributed leadership in the promotion of sustainability in an Israeli college of teacher education. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Multi-Level Model of Leadership Practice in higher education, taken from Bolden et al. (2008a) and from Woods et al. (2004), the authors investigated how the characteristics of distributed leadership are expressed in three central organization-wide structures in the college (a student group, the green council and a professional development program). They also explored in what ways aspects of distributed leadership promote sustainability-oriented activities on campus. They used a deductive and inductive interpretive approach in this case study. Findings The authors found three organization-level processes that are based on the principles of distributed leadership and that promote sustainability on campus: distributed leadership enables change in the organization’s internal culture with respect to mainstreaming sustainability; distributed leadership encourages collaboration between the entire campus population and between different departments and distributed leadership on campus enables the development of diverse “bottom-up” and “top-down” structures in the organization. Originality/value While the study’s findings indicated several challenges regarding the implementation of distributed leadership in the organization, they ultimately support the idea that distributed leadership may contribute to the long-term, organization-wide implementation of sustainability in higher education institutes. Therefore, the authors recommend that institutions that are willing to promote sustainability adopt distributed leadership as their major management approach.
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Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad, Robert Dixon, and Mayada Abd El-Aziz Youssef. "Management accounting change: critical review and a new contextual framework." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 476–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-05-2014-0030.
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Purpose – This paper aims to introduce and discuss a new contextual framework to explain the processes of management accounting change in various organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Having an institutional perspective, the paper develops a “conceptual contextual framework” of management accounting change. The methodology to accomplish this theory building consists of an integration of a number of different works summarizing the common elements, contrasting the differences and extending the work in some fashion. Particularly, it draws on theoretical triangulation by adopting three approaches: old institutional economics for internal processes and factors (Burns and Scapens, 2000); new institutional sociology for external processes and pressures (Dillard et al., 2004); and power and politics mobilization (Hardy, 1996). Findings – The proposed framework provides an understanding of the complex “mixture” of interrelated factors that may influence management accounting change at multi-institutional levels: political and economic level, organizational field level and organizational level. Research limitations/implications – The framework extends institutional theory-based management accounting research as well as provides a comprehensive basis for examining dynamics of accounting in the institutionalization process. Through further research, the framework will be extended and refined. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for practitioners and officers as well as for the accounting profession and academics alike. Originality/value – The proposed contextual framework provides insights into the processes of change by focusing attention on the underlying institutions that encode accounting systems or practices in three institutional levels: political and economic level, the organizational field level and organization level. Examining the tension between institutionalized beliefs and values that may occur between these three levels of institutions will enhance our understanding of management accounting change in organizations.
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Lowery, Meghan, Joel Nadler, and Dan J. Putka. "Allies From Within: I-O Practitioners in Organizations." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.117.
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The focal article (Lapierre et al., 2018) highlights many good suggestions but only briefly mentions partnering with an academically trained internal industrial and organizational (I-O) practitioner. We believe beginning a partnership with a similarly trained ally well-versed through training in academic language and through experience in “business speak” will yield a stronger end result. The appreciation for an internal I-O practitioner should not go overlooked; when an academic partners with the right practitioner in the right environment, the partnership can be mutually beneficial and more rewarding than other options. For instance, recently we collaborated to set up a partnership for scientific discovery and mutual interest that involved 12 teams representing 14 different institutions spanning academe and practice to conduct a machine learning competition. This partnership enabled many academics and practitioners access to a complex organizational dataset in order to contribute to both an organization and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) community (see Putka et al., 2018).
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Bellion-jourdan, Jérôme. "L’humanitaire et l’islamisme soudanais. Les organisations Da’wa Islamiya et Islamic African Relief Agency." Politique africaine 66, no. 1 (1997): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1997.6045.
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Sudanese humanitarianism and islamism : the organizations Da'wa Islamyia and Islamic adrican relief agency. After the oil boom of the 70’s, a number of islamic humanitarian societies appeared. Sudan was one of their favorite targets. Two of them, the IARA and the Da’wa Islamiya, are closely linked to the Sudanese islamic movement. They are funded by the Gulf countries, nevertheless they pretend that their activities are purely charity driven, responding to the universal norms and values implemented by international institutions. However, they show partisan tendencies, both religiously and politically, and they thus play a peculiar role in the Sudanese islamic system.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
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Bertina, Ludovic-Pierre. "La « conversion » écologiste de l’Eglise catholique en France : sociologie politique de l’appropriation du référent écologiste par une institution religieuse." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP023/document.
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La publication de l’encyclique Laudato Si’ a contribué à la médiatisation du processus de « conversion » de l’Église catholique à l’écologie. Par l’analyse de ce mouvement dans le contexte français, nous entendons isoler les effets structurels de l’intégration du référent écologiste sur une institution religieuse. Trois niveaux d’analyse sont ici adoptés : un niveau philosophique qui traite du discours papal sur l’écologie, un niveau individuel qui s’intéresse à l’identité des militants, et un niveau institutionnel qui évalue la portée du mouvement catholique en faveur de l’écologie. À chacun de ces échelons, l’Église catholique adopte une posture d’accommodement, en mettant l’accent sur la nécessité d’une spiritualisation des enjeux écologistes, qui valorise la relation au détriment de l’individualisme. Légitimé par le Vatican, le mouvement catholique écologiste s’organise ainsi autour d’initiatives locales sous le contrôle bienveillant et souple d’une minorité épiscopale. Cette autonomie acquise par les militants n’affaiblit cependant pas la hiérarchie, certains acteurs trouvant un avantage à perpétrer l’image d’une institution susceptible de répondre aux incertitudes engendrées par nos sociétés. La « conversion » de l’Église à l’écologie génère donc un double mouvement d’individualisation de l’engagement militant et d’implication institutionnelle dans les controverses écologistes. Ce mouvement contraire favorise, assurément, l’institutionnalisation de l’écologie. Mais cette « conversion » ne sera effective que si l’Église s’inscrit dans une quête de cohérence, où le maintien d’une ligne politique sera aussi décisif que la valorisation d’une spiritualité écologisteThe publication of Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ contributed to the exposure of the Catholic Church’s “conversion” to ecology. By analysing this emerging movement in the French context, we want to single out the structural effects of the assimilation of environmental concern by a religious institution. Three levels of analysis will be followed: a philosophical, an individual and an institutional one. The first step will evaluate the papal line on ecology, the second will focus on the identity of Catholic ecologist activists, and the third one will assess the scope of the Church’s ecological movement. On each of these aspects, the Catholic Church reach a compromise with postmodern society, emphasizing the need for a spiritualization of ecological stakes, which values relationship at the expense of individualism. Legitimized by the Vatican, the Catholic ecological movement is organized around local initiatives under the soft control of the episcopate. However, this autonomy acquired by the activists doesn’t weaken the hierarchy of the Church, since militants find an advantage in preserving the image of an institution capable of responding to the uncertainties caused by our societies. The Church “conversion” to ecology thus generates an individualization of militant commitment along with institutional involvement in environmental controversies. These contrary motions certainly promote the institutionalization of environmental concern. Nevertheless, this “conversion” will only be effective if the Church is incorporated within the framework of a quest for greater consistency, where policy making will be as important as the value of spirituality
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Angot, Sylvère. "La "modernisation de l'Etat", indifférente à l'expertise des services en territoires : la réforme de l'Administration Territoriale de l'Etat dans les domaines de la Cohésion sociale et du Développement durable (2009-2015)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2004.
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La « modernisation de l’État » est une thématique récurrente des exécutifs qui se succèdent à la tête du pays. La Réforme de l’Administration Territoriale de l’État (2010) modifie durablement le paysage des services déconcentrés et porte des dynamiques contradictoires. D'abord, la réforme s’appuie sur certains objectifs du new public management (Hood 1981) : performance de l’action publique, réduction des coûts et des effectifs, fusions de services, « mutualisation des fonctions supports », développement d’agences, informatisation du service public. Mais elle délaisse d’autres principes de cette doctrine : expertise territoriale, évaluation de l’action publique, nodalité territoriale, prélèvement d’informations sur le social, remontées d’expérience. Ensuite, la RéATE renforce un échelon régional déconcentré chargé du pilotage, de la coordination, de l’observation et de l’évaluation des politiques publiques (notamment les DREAL et DRJSCS). Mais le développement de cette expertise rare, de haut niveau, se heurte à de nombreux défis : celui de la formation des fonctionnaires pour assurer ces missions ; celui de l’incertitude générée par la dissociation entre services régionaux (maintenus sous la tutelle ministérielle) et départementaux (rapprochés de la tutelle préfectorale) ; celui des concurrences de légitimités entre des services déconcentrés affaiblis, des agences renforcées dans leurs prérogatives budgétaires et des collectivités territoriales bénéficiant de transferts de compétences. La déconcentration apparaît en déclin dans le système institutionnel français, alors que les interfaces entre l’État et les collectivités territoriales sont peu investies. Enfin, la réforme véhicule une vision et des méthodes profondément institutionnelles et centralisatrices : négociations au sommet de l’État, logique d’application descendante, timing serrés, renforcement de la tutelle préfectorale, coordination hiérarchique, isomorphisme institutionnel. La réorganisation institutionnelle exclut une réflexion sur l’expertise locale, les contenus professionnels des missions, les ajustements mutuels partisans entre acteurs. Les réformes se succèdent, impactant durablement le sens de l’action et l’autonomie des groupes professionnels sur le terrain, mettant beaucoup d’agents en souffrance et laissant les services dans une situation d’incertitude. On peut dès lors douter de l’atteinte du niveau de performance globale de l’action publique affiché par la réforme. Appuyant notre analyse du travail dans le secteur public sur le triptyque institutions, organisations, professions, nous montrons que le contenu concret du travail des agents des services déconcentrés fusionnés reste un impensé des réformes. Cette thèse se situe dans la perspective du récit de tensions existantes dans le champ bureaucratique, entre la « modernisation » portée par l’exécutif, le ministère du Budget, la « haute noblesse d’État » d’une part, et la lutte des ministères sectoriels et des services territoriaux pour maintenir leurs fonctions et leurs conceptions de l’État d’autre part. Trois analyses de politiques publiques sont mobilisées pour traiter cette problématique. Dans le nouveau champ de la « cohésion sociale », nous montrons que la convergence des politiques d’hébergement et d’accès au logement des personnes défavorisées s’effectue principalement à l'échelon départemental (le cas de l’Ile-de-France n’est pas étudié). L’étude de l’extinction du corps des Conseillers d’éducation populaire et de jeunesse (CEPJ) pose la question du maintien d’une expertise de conseil et de relais des problématiques territoriales au sein de l’appareil d’État. Le cas des politiques de rénovation énergétique de l’habitat présente un paysage complexe, situé entre plusieurs secteurs de politiques publiques (logement, énergie-climat, industrie, politiques sociales), montrant la difficulté à construire une coordination des dispositifs nationaux et locaux dans le champ du « développement durable »The "modernization of the State" is a recurring theme of successive country leaders. The Reform of the State Territorial Administration (2010) is bringing about a lasting change in the organization of the State administration and decentralized services. Here we show its contradictory dynamics. First, the reform is based on certain objectives and tools of new public management (Hood 1981) : performance of public action, reduction of costs and staff, mergers of services, sharing of support functions, development of agencies, and digitization of public services. However, it neglects other principles of this doctrine : territorial expertise, evaluation of public action, territorial nodality, collection of information on social issues, and bottom-up feedback. The reform strengthens the decentralized regional level, which is in charge of steering, leading, coordinating, observing and evaluating public policies (in particular the DREALs and DRJSCSs). But development of this rare, high-level expertise faces many challenges : training civil servants to carry out these new missions, uncertainty generated by the dissociation between regional (maintained under ministerial supervision) and departmental (supervised more closely by the prefecture) decentralized services, competition for legitimacy between weakened decentralized services, strengthened agencies (notably in their budgetary prerogatives) and territorial authorities benefiting from transfers of competencies. “Déconcentration” appears to be declining in the French system, while the links between the State and local decentralized authorities are underused. Finally, the reform conveys a deeply institutional, centralized vision and methods : with negotiations at the top of the State, top-down application logic, short timescales, strengthening of prefectoral supervision, hierarchical coordination, and institutional isomorphism. Focused on the institutional project, the reorganization excludes a reflection on local expertise, professional content of projects, and partisan mutual adaptation between stakeholders. There have been successive reforms, which have had a lasting impact on the sense of action and autonomy of professional groups in the field, causing many agents to suffer, and leaving the services in uncertain and transitory situations. It is therefore doubtful that the overall objective of public performance of the reform will be achieved. Our analysis of public sector work is based on a triple focus on institutions, organizations and professions. Thus, we show that the concrete work of the agents of these merged decentralized services has been overlooked in the reforms. This thesis illuminates the current situation of tensions in the administrative field, between the "modernization" carried out by the executive government, the Ministry of the Budget, the "Nobility of the State" (high ranking officials) on the one hand; and on the other hand, the competition between various sectoral ministries and territorial services to maintain their functions and their vision of the State. Here we use three public policy analyses to address this issue. In the new field of "social cohesion", we show that the convergence of sheltering and access to housing policies for disadvantaged people is mainly carried out at the departmental level (the case of Ile-de-France is not studied). Our study of the elimination of the Popular Education and Youth Adviser role (CEPJ) raises the question of how knowledge and expertise can be maintained in advising and communication about territorial issues within the State. The case of housing energy renovation policies presents a complex landscape, located between several public policy sectors (housing, energy-climate, industry, and social policies), clearly illustrating the difficulty inherent in coordinating the many existing national and local mechanisms in the field of "sustainable development" or "energy transition"
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Vianès, Emmanuel. "Entre guerre et paix : les Administrations Internationales Post-Belligérantes." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30075.
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La notion d’administration internationale post-belligérante est spécifique au sein des administrations de territoire en relations internationales, au côté des opérations de paix. Lors de situations exceptionnelles, une Autorité internationale est instaurée lors de périodes transitoires, qui oscillent entre la guerre et la paix, pour remédier à des différends territoriaux et/ou à des problèmes de gouvernance. Cette institution politique repose sur le fait qu’un acteur international est responsable de l’administration d’un territoire de manière temporaire dans une situation de post-belligérance, qu’il exerce sa fonction dans l’intérêt de la population et de la société internationale, qu’il superpose les ordres juridiques international et interne, qu’il établit des structures de gouvernance mixtes et qu’il peut intervenir dans les relations internationales au nom du territoire administré. Pour élaborer une réflexion sur ce concept, il faut faire le lien entre le droit international public et les relations internationales afin de disséquer « l’idée » et d’établir ainsi une grille de lecture. Dans la pratique, l’expérimentation en matière d’administration internationale post-belligérante se divise entre la phase plénière, le partenariat et l’appropriation locale du processus afin d’entrevoir la finalité de ce mécanisme : la construction d’une passerelle entre la prégnance de l’étatisme au sein du système international et la diffusion des normes de la société internationale. Ceci est révélé à la lumière des expériences de la Bosnie-Herzégovine, du Kosovo et du Timor orientalBeside peace operations, the concept of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration is a particular form of territorial administration in international relations. In exceptional situations, an international Authority is set up during transitional periods that fluctuate between war and peace to settle territorial disputes and/or problems of governance. The basis of this type of political institution is that an international actor has responsibility for the temporary administration of a territory in a post-belligerent situation, that it discharges that function in the interest of the population and of international society, that it juxtaposes the international and internal legal orders, that it establishes joint governance structures and that it can act in international relations on behalf of the territory it administers. Studying this concept entails establishing the connection between public international law and international relations so that one can dissect the “idea” and determine an approach. In practice, experimentation in the realm of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration comprises a plenary phase, partnership and local ownership of the process and has as its end-purpose the building of a bridge between the impact of statism in the international system and the propagation of the norms of international society. This is demonstrated in the light of the developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and East Timor
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Leterme, Cédric. "Hégémonie et recontextualisation discursives du néolibéralisme :Analyse lexicométrique de 40 ans de rapports annuels de l’OCDE, de la Banque mondiale et de l’OIT." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/244588.
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Le « tournant néolibéral » des années 1970 a fait l’objet d’analyses diverses et parfois contradictoires. Notre thèse se propose d’en enrichir la compréhension à travers une analyse discursive comparée de trois organisations internationales étroitement concernées par ces évolutions :la Banque mondiale, l’OCDE et l’OIT. Nous partons en effet du principe que le « tournant néolibéral » fut aussi un tournant discursif et que les organisations internationales en furent des acteurs et relais clés. Des relais parce que les tenants de la stratégie néolibérale ont cherché à la déployer dans et à travers ces institutions, mais des acteurs aussi parce que pour ce faire, les « néolibéraux » ont dû tenir compte des pratiques discursives et extra-discursives pré-instituées qui caractérisaient ces organisations internationales jusque-là. C’est ainsi que selon nous, mêmes des institutions hégémoniques comme la Banque mondiale et l’OCDE n’ont pas seulement reproduit la stratégie et le discours néolibéraux, elles l’ont aussi (et surtout) co-produit et co-déterminé selon leurs propres caractéristiques historiques et institutionnelles, avec des conséquences potentiellement diverses (voire conflictuelles). Et c’est encore plus le cas d’une institution comme l’OIT, dont le mandat et la structure la rendent structurellement incompatible avec le projet néolibéral. Sans véritable possibilité de s’y opposer de front, mais sans pouvoir également s’y conformer totalement sauf à renier jusqu’à sa propre raison d’être, il nous semble que la seule solution qu’il lui restait consistait dès lors à y « répondre stratégiquement », notamment d’un point de vue discursif. Pour le démontrer nous avons donc entrepris de réaliser une analyse lexicométrique de trois corpus de textes composés respectivement de tout ou parties des rapports sur le développement dans le monde de la Banque mondiale, des rapports d’activités de l’OCDE et des rapports annuels du Directeur Général de l’OIT publiés entre 1970 et 2015. À travers elle, nous avons cherché à comprendre les logiques de recontextualisation discursive qui ont accompagné le déploiement hégémonique néolibéral.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Taïbouni, Amina. "Les organisations internationales et la gouvernance dans la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord : entre perception et réalité : le cas de l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1041&f=21730.
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Avec l'évolution du concept de gouvernance dans le discours des organisations internationales comme fil conducteur, nous montrons que ce concept porté par la Banque mondiale, malgré l'idéologie néolibérale qui l'anime, a beaucoup apporté sur le plan du développement. La gouvernance étant présentée comme solution universelle permettant de générer la croissance économique et le développement humain, des indicateurs ont été élaborés afin d'en mesurer la qualité. À partir d'une analyse de la méthodologie de construction et d'évaluation des principaux indicateurs de gouvernance et d'institutions créés : Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), worldwide governance indicators (WGI) de la Banque mondiale, l'indice de liberté économique de la Fondation Heritage, l'indice de perception de la corruption (IPC) de Transparency international, nous prouvons que ces outils de mesure malgré leur large diffusion présentent des lacunes dans leur construction et dans leur utilisation. Ce sont majoritairement des indices de perception et en tant que tels, ils restent imparfaits, imprécis et parfois biaisés. Les évaluations internationales de la gouvernance dans les pays de la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord (MENA) et plus particulièrement en Algérie sont mitigées. Elles font état aussi bien des retards accusés que des progrès réalisés dans les différents domaines évalués. L'analyse de l'évaluation internationale de la gouvernance en Algérie, nous a permis d'une part, de mettre à jour l'imprécision des scores de gouvernance attribués à l'Algérie, les limites de perception des experts, le biais idéologique de certains indicateurs qui se répercute sur les classements de l'Algérie et l'écart existant entre les scores et la réalité sur le terrain; d'autre part, en confrontant les évaluations de la Banque mondiale, du Fonds monétaire international et du Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD) en Algérie, nous montrons que l'approche de ce dernier, locale et participative, est la plus appropriée au contexte algérien. Le PNUD Algérie en effet, travaille sur le terrain ce qui rend ses analyses plus proches de la réalité. Au-delà des insuffisances de leurs outils, il demeure cependant que les évaluations internationales expriment de manière générale l'état de la gouvernance en Algérie aussi bien sur ses aspects négatifs que positifs. Ainsi, les progrès réalisés dans le domaine des droits de l'homme ou dans le développement humain sont salués par les institutions internationales. Qu'elles soient négatives ou positives, leurs appréciations ont un impact positif car elles encouragent les pouvoirs publics à améliorer davantage certains domaines comme le climat des affaires même s'il reste encore des aspects de gouvernance où des efforts doivent être poursuivis comme la transparence dans la gestion des affaires publiques et la lutte anti-corruptionWith the evolution of the concept of governance in the discourse of international organizations as a guideline, we show that this concept carried by the World Bank, despite the neoliberal ideology that animates it, has brought a lot in terms of development. Given that governance is presented as a universal solution, allowing economic growth and human development, indicators have been created to measure its quality. Based on an analysis of the methodology of construction and evaluation of the main indicators of governance and institutions created: Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), worldwide governance indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the index of economic freedom of the Heritage Foundation, and the corruption perceptions index (CPI) of Transparency International, we prove that these measurement tools, despite their wide distribution, have shortcomings in their construction and use. These are mostly perception cues and as such, they remain imperfect, inaccurate and some are biased. International assessments of governance in Middle East and North Africa region countries, and particularly in Algeria, are mitigated. They point out both the delays reported and the progress made in the various areas of assessed governance. The analysis of the international assessment of governance in Algeria allowed us, on the one hand, to update the inaccuracy of the governance scores attributed to Algeria, the limits of perception of the experts, the ideological bias of certain indicators that reflects on Algeria's rankings and the gap between the scores and the reality on the ground; on the other hand, by comparing the evaluations of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Algeria, we show that the latter approach, local and participative, is the most appropriate in the Algerian context. UNDP Algeria in fact, is working in the field, which makes its analyses closer to reality. Beyond the insufficiencies of their tools, international assessments express in general terms the state of governance in Algeria on its negative aspects as well as positive. Thus, progress in the field of human rights or human development is welcomed by international institutions. Whether positive or negative, their assessments have a positive impact as they encourage the public authorities to further improve certain areas such as the business climate even if there are still aspects of governance where efforts need to be pursued like transparency in management of public affairs and anti-corruption struggle
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Dahmani, Taous Rose. "Faire scène : stratégies d'émergence et d'institutionnalisation des photographes noirs britanniques dans la longue décennie 80." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H082.
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Durant la décennie 1980, des photographes non-blancs et des femmes photographes Noirs imaginent des formes d’opposition à un milieu qui les ignore obstinément. Individuellement et collectivement, les photographes Noirs se confrontent aux multiples dénégations au moyen de gestes de résistance. Ensemble, mais seuls, ils vont faire scène. Instigateurs d’une multitude d’actes, ils deviennent agents de leur réalisation en tant qu’artistes-photographes. La scène produit un empouvoirement et l’empouvoirement façonne la scène. Cette thèse raconte les stratégies mises en place pour défier le statu quo. Cette thèse propose ainsi d’analyser la formation de cette scène à travers deux gestes fondamentaux : la publication (première partie) et l’exposition (deuxième partie). Dans un premier temps, l’étude des objets imprimés révèlent les mécanismes d’exclusion et d’inclusion de ces individus et indique leur rôle essentiel à la rencontre, aux échanges, à l’expérimentation, au débat, à l’élaboration théorique et la monstration des productions. À cet effet, nous examinons trois magazines de photographes : Camerawork, Ten.8 et Polareyes ; et commentons l’absence de livres de photographes. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude de la nécessité de montrer son travail sur des cimaises, à travers des expositions, nous permet d’identifier une attitude du « faire soi-même » où les artistes deviennent commissaires et coordinateurs d’espaces de monstration. La thèse se termine sur l’institutionnalisation de la scène à travers l’analyse de l’évolution de l’Association des Photographes Noirs vers la création d’une organisation, Autograph ABP. À travers ces deux axes principaux, cette thèse appréhende l’émergence d’une scène malgré une société qui s’oppose à elle et fait le récit de sa lente inclusion dans le monde de la photographie britannique de la seconde moitié du XXe siècleDuring the long 1980s, non-white photographers and Black women photographers imagined forms of opposition to a milieu that consistently ignored them. Individually and collectively, Black photographers challenged continual denial with gestures of resistance. Together, and on their own they made their scene. Instigators of a multitude of acts, they became the agents of their being recognised as artist-photographers. The scene produced an empowerment which in turn shaped that scene. This thesis recounts the strategies they put in place to challenge the status quo. The creation of this scene occurred through two fundamental axes: firstly publications; and secondly exhibitions. In the first place, the study of printed matter reveals the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of these individuals, and indicates their essential role in encounters, exchanges, experimentation, debate, theoretical elaboration and the display of visual productions. To this end, we examine three photographers' magazines: Camerawork, Ten.8 and Polareyes; and comment on the absence of photographers' books. In the second place, our study of the need to show work on walls, through exhibitions, enables us to identify a "Do It-Yourself" attitude in which artists become curators and coordinators of spaces. The thesis concludes on the institutionalization of the scene through the history of the Association of Black Photographers as an organization. Our pivot is the emergence of a scene despite a society opposed to it, and tells the story of its slow inclusion in the world of British photography in the second half of the 20th century
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Sami, Dandachi Salam. "La fabrication des stratégies dans un contexte pluraliste : le cas du Conseil économique et social du Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL2001.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre la façon dont se fabrique la stratégie dans un contexte pluraliste. Dans ce cadre, nous nous appuyons sur la littérature du pluralisme identitaire (Dutton & Dukerich, 1991; Gioia & Chittepeddi, 1991; Ashforth & Mael, 1996; Golden-Biddle & Rao, 1997; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Silva, 2010) et sur l'approche pratique de la stratégie (Whittington, 2003; Jarzabkowsky, 2003, 2004; Golsorkhi & al., 2010; Johnson & al., 2010). Ce travail de recherche est né d'un manque dans la littérature qui examine la relation entre la multiplicité des identités organisationnelles et la fabrication des stratégies. Nous avons ainsi opté pour un design de recherche interprétativiste et pour une étude de cas unique: le Conseil Economique et Social du Liban. Cette institution constitutionnelle abrite deux identités organisationnelles: l'identité d'un lieu de négociation et l'identité d'un lieu d'expertise. Etant donné la nouveauté du terrain et du contexte traité, nous adoptons la méthodologie de la théorie enracinée préconisée par Glaser et Strauss. Nous montrons que le pluralisme influence la fabrication des stratégies de trois façons: 1) par la "référentialisation" qui consiste à "opérationnaliser" les systèmes des valeurs à travers "une stratégie d'initiation" et "de renforcement", 2) par la "régulation" identitaire qui consiste à gérer les identités organisationnelles pour des fins stratégiques à travers "une stratégie de légitimation" et 3) la "négociation" identitaire suite à une crise institutionnelle et qui aboutit à "une stratégie de survie". Nous avons également conclu que cette influence évolue avec l'évolution du contexte institutionnel de l'organisation: nous avons identifié un couplage faible entre la multiplicité des identités organisationnelles et la fabrication des stratégies dans la phase de naissance de l'organisation mais qui croit avec la croissance de l'organisation, surtout dans les périodes de "perturbation". Ces périodes entrainent une rupture dans la pratique des praticiens: si cette rupture n'est pas assez significative, la gestion des IO devient une pratique stratégique, si la rupture est significative mettant en cause la survie de l'organisation, les IO deviennent des lentilles perceptuelles à travers lesquelles les praticiens perçoivent les capacités fondamentales de l'organisation ce qui influence ainsi sur leur choix et leur pratique stratégiqueThe objective of this thesis is to understand strategizing in pluralistic contexts. Our research is based on the literature of pluralistic organizations (Dutton & Dukerich, 1991; Gioia & Chittepeddi, 1991; Golden-Biddle & Rao, 1997, Ashforth & Mael, 1996; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Silva, 2010) and the strategy-as-practice approach (Whittington, 2003; Jarzabkowsky, 2003, 2004; Golsorkhi & al., 2010; Johnson & al., 2010). This research addresses the gap in the literature discussing the relationship between the multiplicity of organizational identities and strategizing. Thus, our thesis operates an interpretativist research design and conducts a one case study: the Economic and Social Council of Lebanon. This institutional constitution has two organizational identities: the identity of a negotiation place and the identity of an expertise one. Due to the novelty of the research field and the context studied, we have chosen to apply the grounded theory methodology advocated by Glaser and Strauss. We show that the pluralism influence strategizing in three ways: 1) by the "referentialization" which means the operationalization of the system of values through an "initiation" and "reinforcement strategy", 2) by the identity "regulation" which consists of managing organizational identities for strategic purposes through a "legitimation strategy" and 3) by the identity "negociation" following an institutional crisis and which leads to a "survival strategy". We have also concluded the evolution of this influence with the evolution of the institutional context of the organization: it is weak at the initiation phase (birth) but increases with the growth of the organization and especially in periods of "perturbation". These periods lead to a breakdown in the praxis of practitioners: if the breakdown is weak, the management of organizational identities become a strategic practice, if the breakdown is significant, the organizational identities become lenses trough which practitioners craft their particular definitions of the organizational core capabilities which influence their strategic choice and praxis
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Sami, Dandachi Salam. "La fabrication des stratégies dans un contexte pluraliste : le cas du Conseil économique et social du Liban." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL2001.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre la façon dont se fabrique la stratégie dans un contexte pluraliste. Dans ce cadre, nous nous appuyons sur la littérature du pluralisme identitaire (Dutton & Dukerich, 1991; Gioia & Chittepeddi, 1991; Ashforth & Mael, 1996; Golden-Biddle & Rao, 1997; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Silva, 2010) et sur l'approche pratique de la stratégie (Whittington, 2003; Jarzabkowsky, 2003, 2004; Golsorkhi & al., 2010; Johnson & al., 2010). Ce travail de recherche est né d'un manque dans la littérature qui examine la relation entre la multiplicité des identités organisationnelles et la fabrication des stratégies. Nous avons ainsi opté pour un design de recherche interprétativiste et pour une étude de cas unique: le Conseil Economique et Social du Liban. Cette institution constitutionnelle abrite deux identités organisationnelles: l'identité d'un lieu de négociation et l'identité d'un lieu d'expertise. Etant donné la nouveauté du terrain et du contexte traité, nous adoptons la méthodologie de la théorie enracinée préconisée par Glaser et Strauss. Nous montrons que le pluralisme influence la fabrication des stratégies de trois façons: 1) par la "référentialisation" qui consiste à "opérationnaliser" les systèmes des valeurs à travers "une stratégie d'initiation" et "de renforcement", 2) par la "régulation" identitaire qui consiste à gérer les identités organisationnelles pour des fins stratégiques à travers "une stratégie de légitimation" et 3) la "négociation" identitaire suite à une crise institutionnelle et qui aboutit à "une stratégie de survie". Nous avons également conclu que cette influence évolue avec l'évolution du contexte institutionnel de l'organisation: nous avons identifié un couplage faible entre la multiplicité des identités organisationnelles et la fabrication des stratégies dans la phase de naissance de l'organisation mais qui croit avec la croissance de l'organisation, surtout dans les périodes de "perturbation". Ces périodes entrainent une rupture dans la pratique des praticiens: si cette rupture n'est pas assez significative, la gestion des IO devient une pratique stratégique, si la rupture est significative mettant en cause la survie de l'organisation, les IO deviennent des lentilles perceptuelles à travers lesquelles les praticiens perçoivent les capacités fondamentales de l'organisation ce qui influence ainsi sur leur choix et leur pratique stratégiqueThe objective of this thesis is to understand strategizing in pluralistic contexts. Our research is based on the literature of pluralistic organizations (Dutton & Dukerich, 1991; Gioia & Chittepeddi, 1991; Golden-Biddle & Rao, 1997, Ashforth & Mael, 1996; Hatch & Schultz, 1997; Silva, 2010) and the strategy-as-practice approach (Whittington, 2003; Jarzabkowsky, 2003, 2004; Golsorkhi & al., 2010; Johnson & al., 2010). This research addresses the gap in the literature discussing the relationship between the multiplicity of organizational identities and strategizing. Thus, our thesis operates an interpretativist research design and conducts a one case study: the Economic and Social Council of Lebanon. This institutional constitution has two organizational identities: the identity of a negotiation place and the identity of an expertise one. Due to the novelty of the research field and the context studied, we have chosen to apply the grounded theory methodology advocated by Glaser and Strauss. We show that the pluralism influence strategizing in three ways: 1) by the "referentialization" which means the operationalization of the system of values through an "initiation" and "reinforcement strategy", 2) by the identity "regulation" which consists of managing organizational identities for strategic purposes through a "legitimation strategy" and 3) by the identity "negociation" following an institutional crisis and which leads to a "survival strategy". We have also concluded the evolution of this influence with the evolution of the institutional context of the organization: it is weak at the initiation phase (birth) but increases with the growth of the organization and especially in periods of "perturbation". These periods lead to a breakdown in the praxis of practitioners: if the breakdown is weak, the management of organizational identities become a strategic practice, if the breakdown is significant, the organizational identities become lenses trough which practitioners craft their particular definitions of the organizational core capabilities which influence their strategic choice and praxis
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Barrera, Ramirez Luis Martin. "Apprentissage et développement des compétences au sein des institutions hospitalières de la province du yucatan mexique." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU2005/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche a été motivé par la volonté de comprendre en profondeur le changement dans les organisations, l’importance et l’impact des compétences sur le changement dans le secteur hospitalier, en particulier dans une institution de santé du Yucatán. L’intention de l’étude est de provoquer une transformation de la situation actuelle telle que je lai expérimentée comme auteur, que l’on trouve aussi dans bien d’autres organisations, par rapport à la façon de se confronter au changement et pour comprendre comment les compétences contribuent à la réalisation des objectifs d'une organisation donnée. Ce travail essaie également de montrer comment la transformation mentionnée affecte les organisations, notamment en ce qui concerne les facteurs de résistance au changement et les situations qui sont la cause de ces transformations. L’étude montre comment s’acquièrent les compétences dans une organisation de santé (étude de cas), et montre quelles sont les compétences qui encouragent le changement et l'innovation dans un établissement de santé au Mexique. Enfin, des recommandations et suggestions sont proposées pour améliorer la performance de l'organisation (cas étudié). Pour réaliser cette recherche, une investigation-action a été réalisée (méthodologie où l’auteur est impliqué directement), à partir de techniques comme l'observation participante, la triangulation d’information et l'étude de cas. Cette recherche et ses résultats ont comme finalité de devenir un socle pour de futures recherches qui vont permettre d’établir un modèle pour le développement des compétences destinées à promouvoir le changement et l'innovation dans une organisation hospitalière (étude de cas)This investigation was motivated by the interest of understanding change processes in organizations and the way in which competencies affect the health sector, particularly a hospital in Yucatan. This work had the intention of modifying the actual situation that I have experimented as an author and that actually exist in organizations about how to better face change and how competencies contribute to the achievement of the organization goals. At the same time, this work seeks to demonstrate how change affects organizations regarding resistance to change factors and the situations that provoke change processes. We also show how competencies may be learnt in a health institution (case study) and we define the competencies that propitiate change and innovation in a concrete health institution in Yucatan. Last, recommendations and suggestions are proposed in order to improve the performance of the organization. For this research work, investigation-action was used, as well as techniques like participative observation, data triangulation and case study. This investigation work and its results should be used in future investigation works as a basis for designing a model for competencies development that promote change and innovation in a health institution (case study)
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Javicoli, Vincent. "Construire des souverainetés hybrides ? : problématisation et heuristiques gestionnaires pour concevoir et accompagner des peocessus de gouvernement par la discussion." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30003.
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Pour des raisons spécifiques propres à leur histoire, à leur identité, ou à certaines problématiques complexes rencontrées, il peut arriver que les organisations activent des processus de gouvernement par la discussion. De tels processus prennent la forme de dispositifs par lesquels des acteurs provenant d’horizons élargis se livrent à un travail politico-stratégique, d’imagination de mondes souhaitables et possibles, de confrontation et de composition de leurs expériences et leurs affects dans des espaces plus ou moins instrumentés de discussion, de partage, d’élaboration, de mise en mots: des processus de sémantisation.En prenant le point de vue d’un intervenant, la finalité de ce travail sera de proposer des repères pertinents pour le design et l’accompagnement de ces processus. Entre les illusions « idéalistes » et les injonctions « pseudo-pragmatiques », les processus de sémantisation doivent être conçus et instrumentés dans la perspective singulière de régénération de souverainetés hybrides, vis-à-vis d’objets qui excèdent les capacités à penser et à agir des acteurs à l’intérieur de compromis de gouvernement institués. Prenant le contre-pied des tendances contemporaines à la liquéfaction des institutions, l’axiologie sous-jacente de tels critères de conception s’appuie sur l’idée que la régénération des institutions suppose l’instrumentation d’une capacité dynamique à ouvrir des formes de travail politico-stratégique tournées vers la formation de rythmes organisationnels et politiques de meilleure qualité. Les processus de sémantisation apparaissent alors comme activateurs de dynamiques d’action collective instituant des souverainetés plus fécondesDriven by reasons specific to their history or identity, or driven by complex problems, organizations may at times decide to engage in processes of “government by discussion”. These processes will take the shape of dispositive enabling stakeholders from various backgrounds to contribute to a political-strategic work whereby they imagine more desirable and feasible worlds, by which they may confront and compose between their experiences and affects within more or less instrumented spaces for discussion, sharing, controversies, collective wording and enacting: namely processes of “semantics building”.Taking the point of view of a consultant, the final aim of this work will be to suggest markers useful for the designing and accompanying of such processes. Avoiding traps of idealist illusions as well as those of pseudo-pragmatism, processes of “semantics building” must be designed bearing in mind the particular idea of regeneration of hybrid sovereignties, towards objects which exceed the capacities to think and act of stakeholders within the institutionalized organizational and political compromises. Aiming at going beyond the current tendencies of liquefaction of institutions, the underlying axiology of such design heuristics relies on the idea that the regeneration of institutions implies the instrumentation of a dynamic capacity to launch political-strategic work geared towards the emergence of organizational and political rhythms of a higher quality. Processes of “semantics building” then appear as the triggers of dynamics of collective action whereby more fruitful sovereignties can be instituted
Books on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
1
Associations et institutions: Les formes élémentaires de la solidarité. Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 2014.
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2
France. Code des associations et fondations. 4th ed. Paris: Dalloz, 2011.
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3
Defourny, Jacques. Insertion et nouvelle économie sociale: Un bilan international. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1998.
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4
Gaborit, Pierre. L' opinion publique et la communication des associations: Synthèse du sondage CSA, CNVA, CNRS, Crédit coopératif, La Croix : les Français et la vie associative. Paris: Documentation française, 1991.
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5
Niger. Recueil des textes regissant les organisations non governementales et les association. Niamey , Niger: Juris Consult Editions, 2011.
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6
France. Code des associations et fondations: Commenté. 2nd ed. Paris: Dalloz, 2009.
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7
Boubou, Pierre. Guide des associations: Pourquoi et comment créer une ONG, comment tenir des réunions efficaces, comment produire des idées originales. Douala, Cameroun]: Éditions Avenir, 2003.
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Coumba, Diop Momar, Benoist Jean, and Centre de recherches sur les politiques sociales (Senegal)., eds. L' Afrique des associations: Entre culture et développement. Paris: Karthala, 2007.
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nationale, Alliance. Charte et statuts de l'Alliance nationale, société de bienfaisance: Fondée le 11 décembre 1892 : incorporée par la Législature de la P.Q. (1893) : avec les amendements adoptés en 1912. Montréal: [s.n.], 1996.
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nationale, Alliance. Charte et statuts de l'Alliance Nationale, société de bienfaisance: Fondée le 11 décembre 1892 : incorporée par la Législature de la P.Q. (1892) : avec les amendements adoptés en 1910. [Montréal?: s.n.], 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
1
Taylor, Ann C. M. "Institutions and National Organizations / Etablissements et Organisations Nationales." In World List of Universities / Liste Mondiale des Universites, 1–746. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12037-6_1.
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Glémain, Pascal. "The Work Integration Social Enterprises as “Learning Organizations”." In Providing public goods and commons, 37–54. Liège: CIRIEC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css1chap2.
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The model of sustainable development implies political support from local authorities to the actors of this territorial dynamic which is sustained by the social and solidarity economy’s organizations and this, whether is their potential of transformation in the economic, social and environmental level. In this context, social enterprises as learning organizations involved in the field of integration through economic appear like “firms” at the heart of the features of development of the territory and local development process, in the way of a dialogue “company-territory” as descending as ascending in servicing employment through learning processes with work. To demonstrate this, we rely on the case of “ateliers et chantiers d’insertion” (ACI), which are sustained by the institutions of the French network Chantier école. A large part of this contribution comes from a working paper out of the research program ICSEM-SOCENT into the European network EMES.
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Palmiano Federer, Julia. "New Kids on the Block: The Rise of NGO Mediators in Peace Mediation." In Twenty-first Century Perspectives on War, Peace, and Human Conflict, 45–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42174-7_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I describe the emergence of NGO mediators in peace mediation. To avoid confusion regarding the unit of analysis, I focus on the normative frameworks and normative socializations of NGO mediators primarily as institutions, and not individuals. While the normative agency of NGOs as institutions and individuals may be closely interlinked, assessing the normative agency of individuals employed by NGOs require psychological and sociological methodologies that fall beyond the scope of this bookI view NGO mediators as private actors who take on discreet or public mediative or facilitative functions or activities among and between the negotiating parties in a peace process (Palmiano Federer, Rethinking Peace Mediation: Challenges of Contemporary Peacemaking Practice. Bristol University Press, 2021) The unit of analysis I focus on are international NGOs (INGOs) rather than local or national peacemaking organizations. While NGO mediators are seen to have little political power, they wield distinct characteristics such as moral authority, informality and the ability to partner within their institutional structure. These characteristics imbue them with an alternative type of legitimacy that lends to certain comparative advantages vis-à-vis other types of mediators. I also suggest that there are three types of NGO mediators, the “local-insider,” the “regional-outsider” and the “international modular.” All of these aspects contribute to NGO mediators’ “normative socializations” (Hellmüller et al. 2015), which are the highly subjective way that a mediation actor interprets a norm, based on their own personal view, which in turn affects their ability to promote norms to negotiating parties in peace processes.
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Panitz, Robert, and Johannes Glückler. "Introduction: Knowledge and Digital Technology." In Knowledge and Digital Technology, 1–13. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39101-9_1.
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AbstractDevelopment happens as a society undergoes structural transformation. Structural change in a society’s culture, institutions, and technologies is driven by new ways of thinking, new knowledge, and innovations. Although the latest wave of technological change, often referred to as the fifth Kondratieff cycle (Schumpeter, 1961), has been transforming world society since the 1990s, innovative uses of digital technology have continued to yield radical and disruptive changes. Digitization has been central to shaping new ways of observing (e.g., by collecting big data and augmenting reality), knowing (e.g., supported by machine learning), and transforming (e.g., by automation and robotics) our environment. As humanity uses its knowledge to advance technologies, which in turn have an effect on human knowledge and our ways of learning, we have dedicated this book to the reflexive relationship between knowledge and technology. In addition, geography is an important, yet frequently neglected, context for the ways in which people and organizations generate new knowledge, how they adopt and use new technologies, and how the use of these technologies affects their knowledge. Coincidently, technological advances have an immediate impact on human knowledge of geography and space. Whereas people once used maps and compasses to find their way around, today GPS-based navigation services take over all the work, with the effect of gradually diminishing both human cognition of space (Yan et al., 2022) and spatial knowledge acquisition (Brügger et al., 2019). This 19th volume in the Springer Series of Knowledge and Space has brought together leading interdisciplinary expertise, new empirical evidence, and conceptual propositions on the conditions, impact, and future potential of digital technologies for varying geographies of human society.
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Pini, Riccardo, Maria Luisa Ralli, and Saravanakumar Shanmugam. "Emergency Department Clinical Risk." In Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management, 189–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_15.
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AbstractThe emergency department of any institution is an entry point for a significant number of patients to any health care organization. The department caters to various trauma and medical emergencies in both adults and in children round the clock and is adequately staffed with emergency physicians, and nursing to handle such emergencies at all times and days. The department also oversees operations of the prehospital emergency medical services (ambulance) and coordinates their services.The emergency department (ED) is considered particularly high risk for adverse events (AE): 60% of ED patients experienced Medication Error (Patanwala et al., Ann Emerg Med 55:522–526, 2010). From a systematically review about AE related to ED, appears that the prevalence of AE among hospitalized patients ranging from 2.9% to 16.6%, with 36.9% to 51% of events considered preventable (Stang et al., PLoS One 8:e74214, 2013).Maintaining quality and developing error-free systems have been the focus of engineering over the last few decades.Consider the degree of variability of every individual human being compared to machine and also wisdoms from engineering field, for error-free system that guarantees good quality assistance should be defined a program reasonably simple, locally relevant, easily implementable, not be resource intense and have tangible outcomes which can be measured.
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"D. Organizations and Institutions of Cartography / Organisationen und Institutionen der Kartographie / Organisations et institutions de la cartographie." In Bibliographia Cartographica, Volume 23, 1996, edited by Wolfgang Crom. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER SAUR, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110974584.54.
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"INSTITUTIONS AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / ETABLISSEMENTS ET ORGANISATIONS NATIONALES. Part two." In World List of Universities / Liste Mondiale des Universites, 249–499. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112414446-006.
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"INSTITUTIONS AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / ETABLISSEMENTS ET ORGANISATIONS NATIONALES. Part three." In World List of Universities / Liste Mondiale des Universites, 500–746. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112414446-007.
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"INSTITUTIONS AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / ETABLISSEMENTS ET ORGANISATIONS NATIONALES. Part one." In World List of Universities / Liste Mondiale des Universites, 1–248. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112414446-005.
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Anderson, Malcolm, Monica Den Boer, Peter Cullen, William Gilmore, Charles Raab, and Neil Walker. "Controlling European Police Institutions." In Policing the European Union, 250–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198259657.003.0009.
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Abstract Police officers in police forces throughout the world are held accountable to internal supervisory officers for their conduct with respect both to the law and to organizational procedures and disciplinary standards. This internal monitoring is uncontroversial in principle. By contrast, the issue of external accountability to the courts and to other public agencies is much more complex and politically sensitive. As Reiner asserts, the question of who should guard the guardians, and how, ‘is one of the thorniest conundrums of statecraft’ (Reiner 1993: 1). In recent years, the external account ability of domestic policing systems has become a matter of considerable public debate in many Member States. This may be related to a more general erosion of confidence in national police institutions, for as Brogden et al. argue, ‘police accountability becomes an issue when there is public concern that the arrangements for ensuring the police perform satisfactorily any part of their role are not working’ (Brogden et al. 1988: 153). The aim of the present chapter is to examine the extent to which accountability is also at issue at the European level, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanisms which presently exist for holding European police institutions to account. A brief critical overview of the current position is first provided. Next, an attempt is made to explain why these co-operative arrangements have emerged and continue to develop in such a limited form, leaving great uncertainty about how, to whom, and for what these organizations are accountable. In the light of this assessment, the chapter concludes by examining how the accountability of the developing network of European policing institutions might be improved.
Conference papers on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
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Maisonneuve, Hervé. "Liens d’intérêts et publications : bilan de 20 ans d’observations en médecine." In 2ème Colloque International de Recherche et Action sur l’Intégrité Académique. « Les nouvelles frontières de l’intégrité ». IRAFPA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56240/cmb9911.
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In order to regulate possible links and conflicts of interest, several conceptions coexist, or even oppose each other. These currents of thought are evolving and organizations vary in their policies concerning conflicts of interest. Three strategies exist: witch-hunting, transparency and tolerance. But the PubMed website, there were 850 references in 2005, 15,100 in 2010, 36,500 in 2015 and 217,000 in 2020. There were 1,100,000 hits in May 2022 on this biomedicine-oriented literature base alone. Quality research articles are drowned out by editorials, commentaries, opinions, and literature reviews. More evidence is needed in each of the scientific areas that analyze conflict of interest. Scientific journals and public institutions use names without specifying the variations and nuances of the concepts: public declaration of interest, links of interest, conflicts of interest, financial links or conflicts; non-financial links or conflicts, competing interests, disclosure, relationships and activities. Researchers call for more research and regulation in the interest of citizens and of confidence in the health system.
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Ningxi, Zhou, and Chen Jian. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Magnetic High-Titanium Lunar Regolith Simulant for Geotechnical Engineering Application." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0220.
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ABSTRACT The moon exploration has progressed to the phase of in-situ resource utilization. It is critical to comprehend the unique mechanical response and engineering properties of lunar regolith for successful exploration. Currently, most experimental studies on the mechanical properties of lunar regolith have been conducted on Earth, ignoring the effects of the low-gravity environment of the lunar surface. The geomechanical magnetic model test can simulate the lunar surface's low-gravity environment more accurately using magnetic fields. However, current lunar regolith simulants lack magnetism and cannot meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. To address this, a high-titanium lunar regolith simulant with certain magnetism called IRSM-1 is developed using volcanic ash and titanomagnetite. The new simulant's properties are evaluated, including composition, particle distribution and morphology, magnetic properties, shear strength, and compressibility. The results are compared with published data for lunar regolith samples and widely used simulants. The IRSM-1 simulant is found to have similar composition and geotechnical properties to real lunar regolith. Additionally, the simulant possesses sufficient magnetism to meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. In conclusion, the high-titanium magnetic IRSM-1 simulant displays considerable potential for use in geotechnical engineering applications and may prove instrumental in supporting successful lunar exploration missions. INTRODUCTION Since the start of the 21st century, the strategic significance of the Moon in economic, military, and scientific research has increasingly become more prominent. Humanity is experiencing a renaissance of lunar exploration. The exploration of the Moon and the exploitation of its resources have garnered attention from leading space research institutions worldwide. In 2019, NASA proposed the "Artemis" project, with the aim of establishing a lunar base in 2028. Likewise, in 2021, China and Russia jointly launched the "International Lunar Research Station Roadmap" and the "International Lunar Research Station Partner Guide", officially commencing the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project. Additionally, Japan, India, Israel, and various other countries and organizations have joined the ranks of lunar exploration. The Moon has emerged as a new focus of space strategies for multiple countries (Pei et al., 2020).
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Carvallo, Sarah. "Formation et transformations de l’esprit scientifique 1934-2022." In 2ème Colloque International de Recherche et Action sur l’Intégrité Académique. « Les nouvelles frontières de l’intégrité ». IRAFPA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56240/cmb9904.
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In the forties, Bachelard and Merton draw the portrait of the formation of the mind and the scientific ethos from, respectively, an epistemological reflection and a sociological analysis. This article compares their results with the portrait of contemporary to understand the ethical turning point in research that took place from the 2000s onwards. The need for research ethics and scientific integrity responds to a profound transformation of scientific practices. Not that science was purer before 1990, but the organization of research within the paradigm of the knowledge economy produces new figures of researchers under the type of entrepreneurial scientist and accentuates the ethical dilemmas characteristic of the gray area. In this context, the major risk lies in making ethics and integrity as part of the apparatus (dispositif) of excellence by instituting a regime under which ethics and integrity become just an additional tool of regulation and control, rather than an intrinsic value of science.
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Reid, James. "The Change Laboratory in CLIL settings: Foregrounding the Voices of East Asian Students." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-7.
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I propose that the Change Laboratory is an underutilized intervention research methodology that can be used to foreground the voices, needs and rights of East Asian students taking English Medium Instruction classes predicated on the Western Socratic learning habitus. In particular, I relate the Change Laboratory methodology to a specific type of EMI pedagogy known as CLIL, Content Language Integrated Learning. What separates CLIL courses from content-based language learning and other forms of EMI, is the planned integration of the ‘4Cs’ of content, cognition, communication and culture into teaching and learning practice (Coyle et al., 2010). CLIL pedagogy aims to motivate and empower students in learner-centered classrooms. However, student voices have not often been foregrounded in research. The Change laboratory (Virkkunen and Newnham, 2013) is an intervention research methodology that can empower students with regard to course design. It applies a “Vygotskyan developmental approach in real-world, collective, organizational settings” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and is therefore in accordance with CLIL pedagogy underpinned by the constructivist ideas of Bruner, Vygotsky and Piaget. There is much potential for the Change Laboratory to be used in course design as it focuses on how “institutional forms actually unfold locally” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and has the ability to “develop the transformative agency of marginalized voices in higher education” (Bligh and Flood, 2015). Thus, I argue that Change Laboratory interventions can reduce linguistic imperialism, or perceptions thereof, in English Medium Instruction or CLIL settings in East Asia. They can help investigate the perception of cultural habitus – Confucian and Socratic – that may affect learning dispositions and in doing so redesign courses that better fit the needs of learners.
Reports on the topic "Organizations et institutions"
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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.
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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.