Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Organizational accidents'
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1
Morley, F. J. Joel. "Ripples in a pond : a comprehensive, generalized model of the evolution of safety culture." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10765.
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The systemic origins of many accidents have led to heightened interest is the way organizations identify and manage risks. The term organizational safety culture' has become common within the literature and seeks to explain the fact that organizations their willingness and ability to conduct safe operations. The activities and stuctures which are thought to represent a °good° safety culture are well documented. However, a model was lacking which would explain the failure of many organizations to develop a organizational culture which would support safety initiatives. Ti thesis seeks to l that gap. A model which aimed to enumerate the factors which impact upon a organizations ability to develop a positive safety culture is presented and tested. A open systems perspective is the development of the model allowed this work to build upon previous treatments of safety culture by incorporating factors within the operating environment. The application of the model is discussed.
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Narine, Ganesh. "Causes and Prevention of Electric Power Industry Accidents: A Delphi Study." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7495.
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The electric power industry is very complex, dangerous, and challenging. The number of workplace accidents declined over the last decade, but worker injuries and fatalities continue to occur. The purpose of this Delphi study was to gain consensus regarding the most feasible and desirable methods to prevent accidents and deaths. The research question focused on gaining consensus from a panel of experts regarding the most desirable and feasible solutions to fatal and serious workplace accidents in the United States. The Bolman and Deal 4-frame model proved useful for understanding challenges within the electric industry and how workers and leaders can work together to best prevent accidents. Twenty-seven managers, trainers, supervisors, and workers, each with more than 10 years of experience in the United States electric power industry, responded to 30 items in the first round. The responses from the first round, where 70% or more of participants agreed, were analyzed using the NVivo 12 Plus software. Consensus occurred after each round: In the first round through the solutions participants provided. In the second round and later rounds, consensus occurred through acceptance of items with scores of 3 or higher on a 5-point Likert-type scale endorsed by 70% or more respondents. Participants decided if the solutions were desirable and feasible in the second round, and important and credible in rounds third and fourth. Participants concurred that organizational leadership, managers, supervisors, and workers were in different ways responsible for accident prevention. Supervisors and managers who communicated organizational priorities, and demanded strict compliance with policies, rules, and procedures, promote social change in a highly specialized industry.
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James, Eric Preston. "A Case Study of NASA's Columbia Tragedy: An Organizational Learning and Sensemaking Approach to Organizational Crisis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5161/.
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No other government agency receives as much attention as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The high-profile agency frequently captures attention of the media in both positive and negative contexts. This thesis takes a case study approach using organizational learning and sensemaking theories to investigate crisis communication within NASA's 2003 Columbia tragedy. Eight participants, who in some capacity had worked for NASA during the Columbia tragedy in a communication centered position, were interviewed. Using a grounded theory framework, nine themes emerged pertaining to organizational learning, leadership, structure, and organizational culture. The results of the study aid in understanding how high risk organization's (HROs) can learn from previous failures and details how organizational culture can hinder organizational change.
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James, Eric Preston Richardson Brian K. "A case study of NASA's Columbia tragedy an organizational learning and sensemaking approach to organizational crisis /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5161.
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Burger, Elke. "Investigating high turnover intention and a diminished level of organisational commitment as antecedents of accidents." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86316.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study on intention to leave and efficiency that was conducted in the healthcare industry reported that an employee contemplating leaving an organisation cuts corners and compromises quality (Waldman, Kelly, Arora & Smith, 2004). In other words, employees with high intention to leave are more likely to disobey rules and procedures. Swain (2006) further argued that companies must weigh up the untold losses involved with an employee who has little to no loyalty towards an organisation, or no respect for the company’s equipment, against recruitment and development costs. It was therefore argued that a combination of high turnover intention and a diminished level of organisational commitment could influence an employee’s attitude towards safety procedures and, as a result, lead to an increase in accidents (Graham & Nafukho, 2010). This study utilised an extensive literature review on work climate, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, turnover intentions and accident rates and a conceptual model of safe driving dynamics in trucking to illustrate the notion that truck drivers with a diminished level of organisational commitment and the intention to leave may experience higher accident rates. A South African retail group made all their drivers available for the study, i.e. the entire population. The raw data was obtained through self-administered pencil-and-paper questionnaires. A response rate of 50% was achieved. Using Partial Least Squares analysis, the study found all three mindsets of organisational commitment to predict turnover intention. The practical implications of these findings could assist management in the improvement of an array of work behaviours such as job performance, work attendance and organisational citizenship, and decrease turnover rate. The study could not find any significant support for the predictive effect of turnover intention on risky driving behaviour. Future researchers, however, are encouraged to develop a model that could assist Human Resource professionals in the understanding, development, and implementation of interventions to increase organisational commitment, reduce intention to leave, actual turnover, and, consequently, costly truckload accidents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bevindings van ’n studie oor intensies tot bedanking en doeltreffendheid wat in die gesondheidsorg industrie onderneem is, het aangedui dat ’n werknemer wat oorweeg om ’n organisasie te verlaat, die werk afskeep en gehalte in gedrang bring (Waldman, Kelly, Arora & Smith, 2004). Werknemers met sterk intensies tot bedanking is dus meer geneig om riglyne en vasgestelde prosedures te verontagsaam. Verder het Swain (2006) aangevoer dat maatskappye die onberekende verliese verbonde aan ’n werknemer wat geen respek vir die maatskappy se toerusting koester nie, moet opweeg teenoor werwing en ontwikkellingskostes. Daarvolgens is aangevoer dat ’n kombinasie van hoë intensies tot bedanking en ’n verlaagde vlak van organisasieverbondenheid ’n werknemer se houding teenoor veiligheidsprosedures kan beïnvloed en gevolglik tot ’n toename in ongelukke kan lei (Graham & Nafukho, 2010). Die huidige navorsingstudie het van ’n uitgebreide literatuurstudie met betrekking tot werksklimaat, werkstevredenheid, organisasieverbondenheid en ongeluksyfers, en ’n konseptuele model van veilige bestuursdinamika in vragmotorvervoer, gebruik gemaak om die idee dat vragmotorbestuurders met ’n verminderde vlak van organisasieverbondenheid en die intensie om te bedank ‘n hoër ongeluksyfer kan beleef. ’n Suid-Afrikaanse kleinhandel groep het al hul vragmotorbestuurders (dus die hele populasie) vir die studie beskikbaar gestel. Die roudata is met behulp van self-geadministreerde potlood-en-papier vraelyste verkry. ’n Responskoers van 50% is verkry. Met die gebruik van parsiële kleinste kwadrate analise, het die studie bevind dat intensies tot bedanking deur al drie ingesteldhede van organisasieverbondenheid voorspel word. Die praktiese implikasies van hierdie bevindinge kan bestuur help om ’n verskeidenheid werksgedrag, soos werkprestasie, werkbywoning en organisatoriese gemeenskapsgedrag, te verbeter en personeel-omsetafname te bewerkstellig. Die studie het nie daarin geslaag om beduidende ondersteuning vir die voorspellingseffek van intensies tot bedanking op riskante bestuursgedrag te vind nie. Toekomstige navorsers word egter aangemoedig om ’n model te ontwikkel wat menslike hulpbron-bestuurders sal help met die verstaan, ontwikkeling en implementering van ingrypings wat organisasieverbondenheid verhoog, sodat intensies tot bedanking en personeel-omset verlaag, en daardeur ook duur vragongelukke verminder word.
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Simpson, Peter. "Relationship Between Airline Category, Geographical Region, and Safety Performance." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5528.
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Passengers rank safety as a key factor in airline choice. Thus, safety performance impacts an airline's ability to attract customers. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship and difference between airline category low-cost carriers (LCCs) and full-service carriers (FSCs), geographical region, and safety performance measured by accident rates. The target population comprised all airlines in all countries that had an accident during the 14-year period 2004 to 2017. Data consisted of archival data of all global airline accidents and airline departure frequencies for the 14-year period. The theory of organizational accidents in complex sociotechnical systems explains the relationship between LCC and FSC safety performance, as well as between global geographical regions. The Swiss cheese model of organizational accidents theoretical framework remains a relevant model to examine airline accidents and improve airline safety. Data analysis consisted of the t test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. LCCs were found to be as safe as FSCs on a global level, and safer than FSCs in some regions. There were regional differences in safety, with North America being safer than Africa. The implications for positive social change include the potential for airline leaders to improve the safety image of their airline and provide passengers a better understanding of airline safety. Providing passengers with information on airline safety performance allows passengers to make informed choices on using different categories of airlines in different geographical regions. The research may result in new travel opportunities for travelers that were previously unrealized due to safety concerns, particularly around the increased use of LCCs.
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BIANCO, DOLINO ALESSIA. "Why Doesn't the (Watch) Dog Bark? Logics of Risk Regulation and Management in the italian Railway Sector." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/80904.
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Scholars from different disciplines have highlighted an increased focus on the avoidance of possible negative outcomes as a by-product of different areas of human activity by our (Western) societies. Risk management and regulation have turned out to be a crucial public and political issue. In addition, the number of public agencies dedicated to risk management and regulation has grown both at the national as well as at the supra-national levels. Consequently, a growing number of human activities have fostered complex networks of organizations – regulators and regulated organizations interacting at different levels of government – dedicated to risk management and regulation. Nevertheless, despite such an increased attention, amount of resources and number of organizations, organizational accidents still happen. A look at recent news reports gives a considerable number of examples such as the derailment and explosion of an oil-transport train in Alabama on 8 November 2013 or the Santiago de Compostela high-speed train derailment which occurred 24 July 2013.
The question the study aims to answer arises from this puzzle: why doesn’t the (watch) dog bark? Thus why, despite the presence of regulators in charge of monitoring and regulating human activities in order to avoid, cope with and/or handle the possible negative and unwanted outcomes of such activities, do organizational accidents keep happening?
In order to understand the way in which a multi-level regulatory network works, a theoretical-analytical framework is required which allows, on the one hand, different levels of government – national and supra-national – to be kept together leaving room for contradictions and/or overlapping. On the other hand, the need to ensure an in-depth understanding of the processes, interactions and coordination strategies shaped by such organizations as well as of the cultural-cognitive basis of such processes, interactions and coordination strategies, must be considered. The institutional logics theoretical-analytical framework satisfies these requirements. Institutional logics are “conceptual lenses” through which the regulating organizations see, interpret and represent reality. The logic concept bounds a set of cultural-cognitive factors – categories and associated meanings, rationales, legitimate ends – as well as structural-organizational components – processes such as legitimated means to reach legitimated ends and structures – shaping and shaped by the organization’s everyday on-going activities. The institutional logic identification allows us to distinguish which kinds of possible dangerous events are considered by regulators, thus if regulators can see the relevant mechanisms/factors contributing to creating a context prone to the accident’s genesis within the regulated organizations
An understanding of the underlying logic requires the in-depth analysis that only a case study research design can assure. The case selection follows the trends identified by previous studies about risk regulation mentioned above. Thus, some of the concepts and ideas developed here could in principle be useful to understand a broad and increasing population of cases: the population of risk regulatory networks. The case of the Italian railway sector has been selected. An analysis of the EU rail transport legislative framework allows the regulating organizations the analysis focus on to be identified: the European Railway Agency (ERA), at the European level of government; the Italian National Safety Authority (NSA); and the Italian National Investigation Body (NIB), at the Italian level of government. The analysis considers: different types of documents produced by the three regulating organizations – around 4,000 pages; 40 interviews conducted with members of such organizations; observation of everyday activities within each organization – for a total of five months. Once we have identified the institutional logics shaping and shaped by the regulators in their everyday activities, and understood the way in which the logics’ interactions affect the network’s functioning, we need to link the functioning regulatory network with the organizational accident genesis. Thus, we propose an analytical comparison between the identified logics and the mechanisms/factors relevant to the organizational accident’s genesis.
The analysis points out that:
• The regulating organizations located at different levels of government follow different institutional logics: the cost-benefit logic prevalent among the ERA; the standard logic prevalent among the NSA; and the possibility logic prevalent among the NIB. The three logics present different degrees of legitimacy, thus in their interplay one logic tends to prevail over others. Generally, the more legitimated one is the cost-benefit logic, thus the conclusions shaped by this logic’s point of view tend to prevail during interactions and discussions.
• The logics have a framing effect that focus regulators’ attention on certain events and, at the same time, filter out other events relevant from an organizational accident genesis point of view. This study indicates how the same organisational processes, methods of reasoning, assumptions and principles shaping and shaped by regulators’ actions and decisions in order to manage the possible side-effects of the regulated area of human activity, tend to divert regulators’ attention from informational input that is potentially relevant in order to intercept an accident before it happens. Thus, it is not just a deviance or functional lacuna of the regulatory activity that can lead to an accident happening without any intervention by regulators, but it is the actual ‘normal’ functioning of the regulators’ activities that can prevent regulators from seeing events that are potentially relevant in intercepting an accident before it happens.
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Soares, Tayla Borges [UNESP]. "Acidentes de trabalho em hospital público de alta complexidade no interior paulista: estudo das concepções de segurança." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137844.
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As ações de saúde do trabalhador contemplam relações saúde-trabalho em toda a sua complexidade influenciando na promoção da saúde, prevenção de adoecimento, mudanças em processo de trabalho, prevenção de acidentes e solidificação da cultura de segurança. Para investigar estes aspectos em uma instituição hospitalar foi realizado um estudo transversal com metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa adotando como base teórico-metodológica a visão sistêmica das organizações de trabalho e o MAPA como instrumento norteador para análise dos dados, com o objetivo de compreender concepções de segurança no trabalho e a aprendizagem organizacional dela decorrente neste hospital público de alta complexidade do interior paulista. Como principal fonte de dados foram utilizados 441 registros de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos de primeiro de março de 2010 a vinte e sete de março de 2013, notificados em duas instituições distintas de acordo com os vínculos empregatícios dos funcionários. Houve ainda uma etapa de re análise do conteúdo das recomendações de segurança e das causas identificadas para os acidentes. Essas informações foram divididas em categorias semelhantes de acordo com conteúdo. Ainda na re análise os registros foram revistos ensejando categorização de análises como usos ou não das noções de análise de barreiras e de mudanças. A segunda fonte de dados utilizada foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com diretores dos dois SESMTs atuantes na instituição. Com base nos dados coletados foi possível identificar os acidentes típicos e ocorridos no período da manhã como sendo os mais prevalentes e ainda traçar um perfil da população que mais sofre acidente de trabalho no hospital, sendo esta, mulheres integrantes da equipe de enfermagem com idade entre 31 e 40 anos que trabalham em regime de turno. No que se refere às análises dos acidentes a abordagem tradicionalista foi prevalente. Em 65% dos casos identificaram apenas uma causa para o AT, o que indica uma visão limitada da complexidade do trabalho e ainda pouco mais de 51% fizeram recomendações de segurança para prevenir novos AT sendo que estas eram em sua maioria centradas no comportamento dos funcionários. 131 registros foram classificados como de uso da noção de análise de barreiras, 140 referiram análises de mudanças e outros 144 não apresentavam análise que possibilitasse uma classificação. A gestão fragmentada das ocorrências de AT e o andamento das análises são feitos de forma prejudiciais para o olhar sistêmico dos casos, visto que os AT ocorrem em um mesmo local de trabalho e são analisados por estâncias diferentes que não mantém fluxo estabelecido de contato. É possível então afirmar que o tratamento institucional dado às informações de análise de acidentes, no período estudado, não favorece iniciativas de aprendizagem para a organização e incentivo à cultura de segurança.
The employee health actions include health-labor relations in all its complexity impacting on health promotion, illness prevention, changes in the working process, accidents’ prevention and a safety culture establishment. In order to investigate these aspects in a hospital, a crosssectional study, based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, adopting theoretical and methodological basis of a systemic view of the labor organizations and using MAPA (Portuguese acronym for analysis and prevention of occupational accidents model) as a guiding instrument for data analysis, was conducted in order to understand conceptions of safety and organizational learning resulting there from this public hospital of high complexity in São Paulo State. The main data source used was a record of 441 occupational accidents occurred from March 1st, 2010 to March 27th, 2013 reported by two different institutions according to employment contracts. There was a security recommendation and identified accidents' causes reanalysis - they were categorized accordingly to their content and reviewed by the existence of barriers and changes’ analysis.The second data source was from semistructured interviews with directors of the two active Specialized Services in Occupational Health and Safety in this institution. Based on the collected data, it could be possible to identify typical accidents and the ones occurred by the morning as the majority and a profile of who most suffers injuries of occupational accidents in the hospital could be traced - women from the nursery team aged between 31 and 40 years old which work on shifts. Regarding the accident analysis, the traditionalist approach was prevalent, 65% identified just one cause for the AT (acronym for occupational accidents), which indicates a limited view of the job complexity and about 51% provided security recommendation in order to avoid new ATs, which are mainly focused on employees' behavior) 131 records were categorized as using barriers’ analysis, 140 as using changes’ analysis and other 140 records were unable to be categorized. The fragmented management of occurrences of AT and the progress of the analyzes are made from harmful way to look systemic cases, as the learning organization occurs in the same workplace and are analyzed by different offices that do not maintain contact established flow. It can be inferred that the institutional treatment for accident analysis data, in the study period, is not conducive for learning initiatives and safety culture establishment for the organization.
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Soares, Tayla Borges. "Acidentes de trabalho em hospital público de alta complexidade no interior paulista estudo das concepções de segurança /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137844.
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Orientador: Ildeberto Muniz de AlmeidaResumo: As ações de saúde do trabalhador contemplam relações saúde-trabalho em toda a sua complexidade influenciando na promoção da saúde, prevenção de adoecimento, mudanças em processo de trabalho, prevenção de acidentes e solidificação da cultura de segurança. Para investigar estes aspectos em uma instituição hospitalar foi realizado um estudo transversal com metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa adotando como base teórico-metodológica a visão sistêmica das organizações de trabalho e o MAPA como instrumento norteador para análise dos dados, com o objetivo de compreender concepções de segurança no trabalho e a aprendizagem organizacional dela decorrente neste hospital público de alta complexidade do interior paulista. Como principal fonte de dados foram utilizados 441 registros de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos de primeiro de março de 2010 a vinte e sete de março de 2013, notificados em duas instituições distintas de acordo com os vínculos empregatícios dos funcionários. Houve ainda uma etapa de re análise do conteúdo das recomendações de segurança e das causas identificadas para os acidentes. Essas informações foram divididas em categorias semelhantes de acordo com conteúdo. Ainda na re análise os registros foram revistos ensejando categorização de análises como usos ou não das noções de análise de barreiras e de mudanças. A segunda fonte de dados utilizada foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com diretores dos dois SESMTs atuantes na ins... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The employee health actions include health-labor relations in all its complexity impacting on health promotion, illness prevention, changes in the working process, accidents’ prevention and a safety culture establishment. In order to investigate these aspects in a hospital, a crosssectional study, based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, adopting theoretical and methodological basis of a systemic view of the labor organizations and using MAPA (Portuguese acronym for analysis and prevention of occupational accidents model) as a guiding instrument for data analysis, was conducted in order to understand conceptions of safety and organizational learning resulting there from this public hospital of high complexity in São Paulo State. The main data source used was a record of 441 occupational accidents occurred from March 1st, 2010 to March 27th, 2013 reported by two different institutions according to employment contracts. There was a security recommendation and identified accidents' causes reanalysis - they were categorized accordingly to their content and reviewed by the existence of barriers and changes’ analysis.The second data source was from semistructured interviews with directors of the two active Specialized Services in Occupational Health and Safety in this institution. Based on the collected data, it could be possible to identify typical accidents and the ones occurred by the morning as the majority and a profile of who most s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Mattson, Malin. "Promoting safety in organizations : The role of leadership and managerial practices." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116691.
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Workplace accidents and injuries are a growing problem for organizations in Sweden as well as in many other countries. As a consequence, improving workplace safety has become an area of increasing concern for employers and politicians as well as researchers. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to an increased understanding of how leadership and management practices can influence safety in organizations. In Study I, three leadership styles were investigated to determine their relative importance for different safety outcomes. A leadership style specifically emphasizing safety was found to contribute the most to employee safety behaviors; transformational leadership was found to be positive for safety behaviors only when it also involved a safety focus; and a transactional leadership style (management-by-exception active) was shown to be slightly negatively related to workplace safety. Study II examined the role of leader communication approaches for patient safety and the mechanisms involved in this relationship. Support was found for a model showing that one-way communication of safety values and leader feedback communication were both related to increased patient safety through the mediation of different employee safety behaviors (safety compliance and organizational citizen behaviors). Study III explored whether and in what ways the use of staff bonus systems may compromise safety in high-risk organizations. The three investigated systems were all found to provide limited incentives for any behavioral change. However, the results indicate that design characteristics such as clearly defined and communicated bonus goals, which are perceived as closely linked to performance and which aim at improved safety, are imperative for the influence that bonus programs have on safety. Group-directed goals also appeared to be more advantageous than corporate- or individual-level goals. The thesis highlights the importance of actively emphasizing and communicating safety-related issues, both through leadership and in managerial practices, for the achievement of enhanced workplace safety.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript.
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Souza, Letícia Silva de. "Clima organizacional e ocorrência de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes num hospital público do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22134/tde-28032017-153644/.
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Atualmente, a avaliação do clima organizacional tem sido considerada importante ferramenta de gestão nas instituições de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o clima organizacional e a sua relação com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre os profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital público de média complexidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo e transversal. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a versão validada e adaptada para o contexto brasileiro do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) - Short Form, denominada Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança - QAS. Por meio do QAS foi possível avaliar a percepção dos trabalhadores acerca do clima de trabalho em equipe, clima de segurança, satisfação profissional, percepção do estresse, ações da gerência quanto às questões de segurança e as condições de trabalho. As respostas foram dadas por meio da escala Likert de cinco pontos e o processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 17.0. Para relacionar o clima organizacional com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, inicialmente, foi realizado levantamento junto ao Serviço Especializado de Medicina e Segurança do Trabalho - SESMT dos registros de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos no período 2008-2014 e foram identificados os trabalhadores de enfermagem vítimas desses acidentes. Após este levantamento, foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 - profissionais de enfermagem que sofreram acidentes de trabalho envolvendo perfurocortantes; Grupo 2 - profissionais de enfermagem que não sofreram acidente de trabalho com perfurocortantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva com testes de comparação entre as variáveis dos grupos. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 116 participantes, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de internação hospitalar, sendo o Grupo 1 composto por 21 participantes e o Grupo 2 composto por 95 participantes. Predominaram participantes do sexo feminino, técnicos de enfermagem e profissionais com cinco a 10 anos de atuação na instituição. A percepção dos participantes quanto ao clima organizacional foi considerada desfavorável; no entanto, foi considerada satisfação no trabalho pela maioria dos participantes. Os resultados não indicaram relação direta entre o clima organizacional e a ocorrência de acidentes com perfurocortante, mas foi possível observar que o grupo que não sofreu acidentes apresentou maior satisfação no trabalho. Considera-se que este estudo permitiu ampliar o conhecimento acerca da percepção de profissionais de enfermagem sobre o clima organizacional, contribuindo para a discussão sobre formas de melhoria da assistência segura, de redução de eventos adversos e sobre a qualidade da assistência de enfermagemRecently, evaluation of organizational climate has been considered an important management tool in health institutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the organizational climate and its relationship with the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials among nursing professionals in a public hospital of medium complexity in the state of São Paulo. It is a study of quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectoral approach. The instrument Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used - Short Form, 2006, validated and adapted version for the Portuguese language (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - QAS). Through the areas of QAS was possible to assess attitudes about the working environment in staff, safety climate, job satisfaction, perceived stress, management actions regarding safety issues and working conditions. The answers were given by Likert scale of five points, processing and data analysis was performed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. To relate the organizational climate with the occurrence of accidents with sharps survey was carried out by the Specialized Service of Medicine and Safety - SESMT with records of work accidents in the period 2008-2014 and workers were identified nursing victims of these accidents. Constituted two groups: Group 1 - nursing professionals who were victims of work accidents involving sharps; Group 2 - nursing professionals who did not undergo occupational accidents with needlestick during the study period. After conformal groups, the data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with correlation tests between the variables of the groups in order to analyze possible relationship between accidents and the adoption of safety measures by the professional. The study sample consisted of 116 participants, nursing technicians and nurses working in hospital units. Group 1 consisted of 21 participants and Group 2 consists of 95 participants. Predominated female participants, nursing technicians and professionals with five to 10 years of experience in this institution. The perception of the participants about the organizational climate was considered unfavorable, however it was observed that job satisfaction was evidenced by most of the participants, demonstrating how they feel during the exercise of the profession in this institution. On the relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials, the results indicated no direct relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of such accidents, however it was observed that the group that did not suffer sharps injuries was the group that presented greater job satisfaction. Thus, this study promotes the opportunity to meet the professionals\' perception of the organizational climate and can contribute to improvement of safe care, reduce adverse events and improve the quality of patient care
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Gonçalves, Cristiana Maria di Primio. "Validação do instrumento ICOS - Inventário de Clima Organizacional de Segurança - na área industrial de uma usina de álcool e açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-28042008-131253/.
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O presente estudo tratou da validação do instrumento ICOS- Inventário de clima organizacional de segurança, no Brasil. Para tanto, o tema \"clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho\" foi estudado, a partir de pesquisas internacionais, onde já possui mais de 20 anos de estudo. Clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho é entendido como uma medida temporal da cultura de segurança e corresponde ao compartilhamento das percepções individuais sobre a organização. Tem caráter situacional e refere-se a um estado de segurança percebido em um local particular e em um determinado tempo. No Brasil, trata-se de um assunto em que não foram identificados estudos, mas que mostra sua relevância nos números de acidentes de trabalho e suas conseqüências financeiras, organizacionais e pessoais, cada vez mais preocupantes em nossa realidade. A amostra do estudo reuniu 334 trabalhadores da área industrial de uma usina de álcool e açúcar da região de Ribeirão Preto. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, que utilizou o método de levantamento de dados, através de 44 questões do questionário referido. O objetivo foi realizar a validação de constructo e preditiva da escala de medida, relacionando o clima organizacional de segurança no trabalho com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. Ao final, concluiu-se que a escala é válida, mas precisa de adaptações para ser aplicada para a realidade brasileira. Contudo, não mostrou correlações significativas na validação preditiva, quando comparada às taxas de acidente de trabalho da usina. A análise dos fatores de teste mostrou que variáveis como o setor e o tempo de empresa podem ter relação com o clima de segurança e com as taxas de acidente de trabalho. O estudo buscou contribuir para a implantação de melhorias na gestão de segurança do trabalho das empresas, fornecendo a análise de uma ferramenta de gerenciamento do ambiente de segurança organizacional.The present study deals with the validation of instrument OSCI- Organizational Safety Climate Inventory in Brazil. The subject \"organizational safety climate\" is studied, from international research, where already it has been studied for more than 20 years. Organizational safety climate in the work is understood as a temporary measure of the safety culture and corresponds to the sharing of the individual perceptions on organization. It has situational character and one mentions a state of safety perceived in a particular place and one determined time. It is relatively unstable and subject to changes, depending on the characteristics of the current environment or predominant conditions. In Brazil, this is a subject not yet studied, but it demonstrates its relevance due the numbers of industrial accidents and its financial, organizational and personal consequences, each time more preoccupying in our reality. The sample of the study was the 334 workers of the industrial area of an alcohol and sugar plant in the region of Ribeirão Preto. The present study was characterized as descriptive and quantitative, with the data-collection method, using the 44 questions of the questionnaire. The purpose was to realize the construct and criterion validation of the measure scale, and can relate the organizational safety climate with the rates of occupational accident. It will expect to relate the organizational safety climate in the work environment with the rates of occupational accidents, what can lead to improvements of safety programs. At the end, it is concluded that the scale is valid but needs adjustments to be applied to the Brazilian reality, and showed no significant correlations in validating predictive. The analysis of the factors of test showed that variables such as section and time of work may have relationship with safety climate and with the rates of accidents. Anyway, the study sought to provide the analysis of a tool for managing the security environment organization.
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Stringfellow, Margaret Virgina. "Accident analysis and hazard analysis for human and organizational factors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63224.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, February 2011."October 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-283).
Pressures and incentives to operate complex socio-technical aerospace systems in a high-risk state are ever present. Without consideration of the role humans and organizations play in system safety during the development of these systems, accidents will occur. Safe design of the "socio" parts of the sociotechnical system is challenging. Even if the system, including the human and organizational aspects of the system, are designed to be safe for anticipated system needs and operating environments, without consideration of pressures for increased performance and efficiency and shifting system goals, the system will migrate to a high-risk operating regime and safety can be compromised. Accident analysis is conducted to discover the reasons why an accident occurred and to prevent future accidents. Safety professionals have attributed 70-80% of aviation accidents to human error. Investigators have long known that the human and organizational aspects of systems are key contributors to accidents, yet they lack a rigorous approach for analyzing their impacts. Many safety engineers strive for blame-free reports that will foster reflection and learning from the accident, but struggle with methods that require direct technical causality, do not consider systemic factors, and seem to leave individuals looking culpable. An accident analysis method is needed that will guide the work, aid in the analysis of the role of human and organizations in accidents and promote blame-free accounting of accidents that will support learning from the events. Current hazard analysis methods, adapted from traditional accident models, are not able to evaluate the potential for risk migration, or comprehensively identify accident scenarios involving humans and organizations. Thus, system engineers are not able to design systems that prevent loss events related to human error or organizational factors. State of the art methods for human and organization hazard analysis are, at best, elaborate event-based classification schemes for potential errors. Current human and organization hazard analysis methods are not suitable for use as part of the system engineering process. Systems must be analyzed with methods that identify all human and organization related hazards during the design process, so that this information can be used to change the design so that human error and organization errors do not occur. Errors must be more than classified and categorized, errors must be prevented in design. A new type of hazard analysis method that identifies hazardous scenarios involving humans and organizations is needed for both systems in conception and those already in the field. This thesis contains novel new approaches to accident analysis and hazard analysis. Both methods are based on principles found in the Human Factors, Organizational Safety and System Safety literature. It is hoped that the accident analysis method should aid engineers in understanding how human actions and decisions are connected to the accident and aid in the development of blame-free reports that encourage learning from accidents. The goal for the hazard analysis method is that it will be useful in: 1) designing systems to be safe; 2) diagnosing policies or pressures and identifying design flaws that contribute to high-risk operations; 3) identifying designs that are resistant to pressures that increase risk; and 4) allowing system decision-makers to predict how proposed or current policies will affect safety. To assess the accident analysis method, a comparison with state of the art methods is conducted. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method applied to hazard analysis; it is applied to several systems in various domains.
by Margaret V. Stringfellow.
Ph.D.
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Dobbs, Suzaane. "Accident and Injury Prevention: The Effects of Job Factors and Employee Behaviors." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/547.
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Virtually all organizations are concerned about employee safety and the prevention of workplace accidents, but maybe unaware that most accidents are the cause of unsafe employee behaviors. In this study, one company in particular wanted to know where, when, how, and why accidents were occurring in its plant. Accidents of the past three years were content analyzed. The results show that 87.4% of the accidents were due to unsafe behaviors. The highest absolute frequency of accidents occurs in the die cast area, while the highest relative rate of accidents occurs in the furnace room. The type of accident that occurs with the highest frequency is lacerations and the highest rate of accidents occurs during the first shift. The accident analysis can now serve as the basis for the development of a behavioral safety training program. With its implementation, a behavioral safety program has the potential to save thousands of dollars and give the workers a safer environment in which to work.
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Moyer, Seth A. "Analysis of NASA's Post-Challenger response and relationship to the Columbia accident and investigation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2580.
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The investigatory findings of the Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia accident investigation boards are analyzed and evaluated relative to one another, with the goal of determining if there are lessons applicable to organizations that manage technically complex programs. An analysis is conducted of the recommendations from the Challenger investigation and NASA's actions taken to correct problems in the organization. The effectiveness of both the recommendations and NASA's response in terms of preventing the Columbia accident are examined. In the intervening years between the Challenger and Columbia several unofficial analyses of the Challenger accident and investigation have been published. The findings of these independent works are presented in order to determine any relationship to the Columbia accident and the subsequent Columbia investigation. The investigation of the Columbia accident and Challenger accident are compared to determine if any of the investigatory findings indicate that there were common factors in the accidents. An evaluation of the NASA organizational structure and culture is conducted. The impact of the culture on implementing the changes recommended after Challenger and relationship to the Columbia accident and investigation is examined. These analyses and examinations result in several conclusions and recommendations applicable to organizations that manage technically complex programs.
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Tafur, Muñoz María Fernanda. "The underestimated value of safety in achieving organizational goals : cast analysis off the Macondo accident." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113530.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-126).
On April 20, 2010, an explosion in the rig Deepwater Horizon performing drilling operations on the Macondo Prospect Well, in the Gulf of Mexico, led to the largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. Eleven crewmembers lost their lives and around 4.9 million barrels of oil were discharged into the ocean until the continuous subsea blowout of the well was contained in September 19, 2010. Given the magnitude and the complexity of the accident, several safety analyses have been proposed by the international community at different levels of the system involved in the accident. Most of these studies use accident analysis techniques based on chain-of-event models, whose main objective is to identify root-causes. However, while this approach describes physical phenomena accurately, it does not explain the role of organizational and socio-economical factors, human decisions, or design inaccuracies in accidents in complex, adaptive, and tightly coupled systems like Macondo. In response to this need, N. Leveson developed the new accident-analysis technique Causal Analysis Based on System Theory (CAST), based on her model System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). In STAMP accidents are not treated as chain of failure events, but as complex processes that result from a large variety of causes including component failures and faults, system design errors, unintended and unplanned interactions among system components, human operator errors, flawed management decision-making, inadequate controls and oversight, and poor safety culture. This thesis presents management recommendations based on a CAST analysis of the Macondo Accident. The goal is to help the oil and gas offshore drilling community achieve safer operations and understand the value of systems safety in achieving organizational goals.
by María Fernanda Tafur Muñoz.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Shea, Christine E. "The organizationof work in a complex and dynamic environment : the accident and emergency department." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556318.
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Pauly, Devin Matthew. "Reactions to a Near Fatal Accident: An Investigation of Emotion and Coping Responses." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1173.
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A 12-month longitudinal study assessed the emotional reactions of an intercollegiate athletic team to a near fatal bus incident. PANAS-X and the Brief COPE, administered on five occasions, indicated NA declined over time. Most coping strategies showed significant changes in trajectory. Acceptance and Positive Reframing were high across waves.
In October 2010, an intercollegiate athletic team and coaching staff were traveling by sleeper bus to an out-of-state match. The team members and coaches were in the back of the bus when they felt the bus swaying and heard the tires hit the rumble strips. The head coach went forward to find the bus driver unconscious and slumped over the steering wheel. Although the bus swerved into the oncoming lane of interstate traffic and back onto the other shoulder, the coach was able to steer the bus and stop it safely on the side of the road. The bus driver had suffered a fatal heart attack; fortunately, the coaches and players survived with only minor injuries. This study is a longitudinal follow up assessing the emotional reactions of the coaches and team to the bus incident across a twelve-month time frame. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1994) and the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) were administered on five occasions. Negative affect declined over time, with a larger drop in waves more proximal to the incident. Positive affect demonstrated a curvilinear pattern showing increases on the second and third wave but dropped off at the end of the spring semester 2011 and the beginning of the fall semester 2011. There were significant changes in the coping trajectories for 10 of the 14 coping strategies from the Brief COPE. These data are of particular interest as we could locate no other studies in the published literature of individual athlete or team reactions to traumatic travel incidents, although ESPN (Lavigne, 2010) noted that bus safety should be a concern for team travel.
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Чорний, Тарас Степанович, Артур Романович Шимків, Taras Chornyi, and Artur Shymkiv. "Аналіз та обгрунтування дорожнього руху на аварійно-небезпечних ділянках." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35590.
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Проведено аналіз аварійності на пр-ті Металургів, виконаний аналіз характеристик вуличної мережі та існуючої організації дорожнього руху, дослідження і аналіз характеристик транспортних і пішохідних потоків, запропоновано заходи щодо вдосконалення організації дорожнього руху.
В якості теоретичної основи використана методика визначення втрат в дорожньому русі в осередках аварійності. Розроблено пропозиції щодо зниження втрат в дорожньому русі на ділянках дорожньої мережі, що включають вогнища аварійності. В економічній частині обґрунтовано доцільність розроблених заходів.
У розділі безпека життєдіяльності, основи охорони праці розглянуті питання вимог при виконанні дорожніх робіт та забезпечення безпеки життєдіяльності.The analysis of accidents on Metalurgiv Avenue was carried out, the analysis of characteristics of the street network and the existing organization of traffic was carried out, the research and analysis of characteristics of traffic and pedestrian flows was carried out, the measures on improvement of traffic organization were offered. The method of determining traffic losses in accident centers is used as a theoretical basis. Proposals have been developed to reduce traffic losses in sections of the road network that include outbreaks. In the economic part, the expediency of the developed measures is substantiated. In the section of life safety, basics of labor protection the questions of requirements at performance of road works and maintenance of safety of life are considered.
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Bearfield, George Joseph. "Using Bayesian networks to represent parameterised risk models for the UK railways." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28163.
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The techniques currently used to model risk and manage the safety of the UK railway network are not aligned to the mechanism by which catastrophic accidents occur in this industry. In this thesis, a new risk modelling method is proposed to resolve this problem. Catastrophic accidents can occur as the result of multiple failures occurring to all of the various defences put in place to prevent them. The UK railway industry is prone to this mechanism of accident occurrence, as many different technical, operational and organizational defences are used to prevent accidents. The railway network exists over a wide geographic area, with similar accidents possible at many different locations. The risk from these accidents is extremely variable and depends on the underlying conditions at each particular location, such as the state of assets or the speed of trains. When unfavourable conditions coincide the probability of multiple failures of planned defences increases and a 'risk hotspot' arises. Ideal requirements for modelling risk are proposed, taking account of the need to manage multiple defences of conceptually different type and the existence of risk hotspots. The requirements are not met by current risk modelling techniques although some of the requirements have been addressed experimentally, and in other industries and countries. It is proposed to meet these requirements using Bayesian Networks to supplement and extend fault and event tree analysis, the traditional techniques used for risk modelling in the UK railway industry. Application of the method is demonstrated using a case study: the building of a model of derailment risk on the UK railway network. The proposed method provides a means of better integrating industry wide analysis and risk modelling with the safety management tasks and safety related decisions that are undertaken by safety managers in the industry.
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McDonald, R. Michael. "A survey of problems and conditions within the organizational context of law enforcement agencies perceived to block or impede the use of accident investigation training." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53891.
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Reported is an exploratory study of problems and conditions within the organizational work context that influence posttraining use of training outcomes. Training is widely perceived and supported as an effective means for facilitating planned change in organizational performance. Little empirical evidence is available to support such supposition. Of the several studies of training impact, few have focused on why training does or does not produce behavioral change back on-the-job. Accordingly, training management is often incomplete and ineffective. This study employed a questionnaire methodology, directed to a national sample of 391 local, county, and state law enforcement personnel who graduated from a two-week accident investigation training program. Questions elicited ratings on 29 problem/conditions hypothesized within the literature as influential to organizational work behavior. A Likert type scale was used to rate the perceived influence of each problem/condition on the application of specific training outcomes during investigation of a recent most serious accident. An index was used to measure level of training use.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Scheffe's comparisons test, and multiple regression analysis were used to answer study questions. Problem/conditions identified by more than 30% of the respondents as a Moderate or Major impediment to their use of training outcomes were: lack of rewards or incentives to conduct thorough investigations or to use knowledge and skill acquired through training; lack of time to apply investigative techniques by training; lack of resources and equipment necessary to apply training; lack of follow through by agency decision makers to see that training was put into use; and, lack of communication from top administrators indicating how the training was to be used. Isolated as predictors of training use were: the relative seriousness of the situational context within which training was applied; the trainee's opinion of the course; level of specialized training received; relative frequency of investigative assignment; and, level of conflict perceived to exist between behaviors specified by training and agency standard operating procedures.Ed. D.
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Fajer, Marcia. "Sistemas de investigação dos acidentes aeronáuticos da aviação geral: uma análise comparativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-14012010-095713/.
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Descreve o panorama do surgimento da aviação e das teorias de investigação de acidentes aeronáuticos. Objetivo - Analisar a investigação dos acidentes e incidentes aeronáuticos ocorridos na Aviação Geral no Estado de São Paulo no período de 2000 a 2005 e verificar sua associação a fatores organizacionais. Método - Foram comparadas as atuações das agências de investigação de acidentes aeronáuticos dos Estados Unidos, União Européia e Brasil, identificado os métodos de investigação de acidentes empregados. Foi realizado o levantamento das ocorrências com as aeronaves classificadas na categoria de aviação geral no estado de São Paulo no período 2000 a 2005 e feita a análise comparativa de 36 relatórios finais de acidentes utilizados pelo Centro de Investigação e Prevenção de Acidentes (CENIPA) com o Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Resultados Identificou-se que as agências de investigação dos Estados Unidos e União Européia atuam de forma sistêmica e a brasileira atua isoladamente. Foi constatado que houve 636 ocorrências com aeronaves da aviação geral, sendo que 92 por cento foram incidentes, que não foram investigados. Dos acidentes, 5,5 por cento possuíam relatórios finais concluídos. A análise dos relatórios finais, segundo o CENIPA, apontou 163 fatores contribuintes, sendo que o principal fator foi o deficiente julgamento presente em 80,5 por cento dos acidentes. A utilização do modelo HFACS identificou a presença de 370 fatores contribuintes e os erros de habilidade, de decisão e planejamento inadequado foram os principais fatores contribuintes com 86,1 por cento . Considerações Finais O estudo possibilitou a identificação da falta de integração de diversos órgãos governamentais na investigação dos acidentes aeronáuticos. A ausência de investigação de incidentes aeronáuticos dificultando a prevenção. A análise do CENIPA não contempla de forma adequada os fatores organizacionais. O HFACS não deve ser uma ferramenta apenas quantificadora das causas de acidentes aeronáuticosIntroduction Describes the birth of aviation and aeronautical accidents factors. investigation theories. Objective Analyze the investigation of aeronautical accidents and incidents occurring in the General Aviation in the State of São Paulo during the period of 2000 through 2005 and verify their association with organizational factors. Method The air accident agencies of the United States, European Union and Brazil were studied, identifying and comparing the accident investigation methods used. It was registered the number of events with aircrafts in the State of Sao Paulo from 2000 to 2005, and performed the comparative analysis of 36 accident final reports used by the Centro de Investigação e Prevenção de Acidentes (CENIPA; Accident Prevention and Investigation Center) using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Results It was observed that the investigation agencies of the United States and the European Union work in a systemic way, and that the Brazilian one works alone. It was observed that there were 636 events with aircrafts of the general aviation, of which 92 per cent were not-investigated incidents. Of the accidents, 5.5 per cent had their final reports finished. The analysis of the final reports according to CENIPA pointed out 163 contributing factors, being the main factor \"inadequate evaluation\", present in 80.5 per cent of the accidents. The HFACS model identified 370 contributing factors, and the \"skill errors\", \"decision\" and \"inadequate planning\" were the main contributing factors, being present in 86.1 per cent of the cases. Final Considerations The study allowed identifying the lack of integration of several administration agencies when investigating air accidents. The non investigation of air incidents hinders the prevention. The CENIPA analysis does not study properly the organizational factors. HFACS must not be just a quantifying tool of the air accidents causes.
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Uryan, Yildirim. "ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY CULTURE AND IDIVIDUAL SAFETY BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF THE TURKISH NATIONAL POLICE AVIATION DEPARTMENT." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4136.
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Human related accidents in high-risk industries amount to a significant economic hazard and incur tremendous damages, causing excessive operational costs and loss of life. The aviation industry now observes human-related accidents more frequently than in the past, an upswing attributable to cutting-edge technology usage and the complex systems employed by aviation organizations. Historically, aviation accidents have been attributed to individual unsafe behavior. However, contemporary accident causation models suggest that organizational-level factors influence individual safety performance, as human-related accidents take place in an organizational context. The present study examines the formation of organizational safety culture and influence on individuals safety behavior in a police aviation environment. The theory of planned behavior guides the study model in explaining individual variability in safety behavior via organizational safety culture. The study conceptualized organizational safety culture and individual safety behavior as multidimensional constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for each latent construct to validate the construct validity for each measurement model. Organizational safety culture was observed via safety climate facets, which contained four subcomponents including individual attitude, group norms, management attitude, and workplace pressures. Individual safety behavior contained violation and error components observed by self-reported statements. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the study hypotheses. Utilizing a sample of 210 employees from the Turkish National Police Aviation Department, a 53-item survey was conducted to measure individuals safety culture perceptions and self-reported safety behaviors. The results suggest that individual safety behavior is significantly influenced by organizational safety culture. Except for the relation between workplace pressures and intention, all suggested relations and correlations were statistically significant. The four-factor measurement model of organizational safety climate fit reasonably well to the data, and most correlations between the safety climate components were significant at the .05 level. Individuals self-reported error behavior is positively associated with age, and individuals self-reported violation behavior is positively associated with years of service. Overall, along with organizational safety culture, age and service-year variables accounted for 65% of the variance in intention, 55% of the variance in violation behavior, and 68% of the variance in error behavior. Lastly, no significant difference manifested among pilots, maintenance personnel, and office staff according to their self-related safety behaviors. The findings have theoretical, policy, and managerial implications. First, the theory of planned behavior was tested, and its usefulness in explaining individuals safety behavior was demonstrated. The survey instrument of the study, and multi-dimensional measurement models for organizational safety climate and individual safety behavior were theoretical contributions of the study. Second, the emergence of informal organizational structures and their effects on individuals indicated several policy implications. The study also revealed the importance of informal structures in organizations performing in high-risk environments, especially in designing safety systems, safety policies, and regulations. Policy modification was suggested to overcome anticipated obstacles and the perceived difficulty of working with safety procedures. The influences of age on error behavior and years of service on violation behavior point to the need for several policy modifications regarding task assignment, personnel recruitment, health reports, and violation assessment policies. As well, managerial implications were suggested, including changing individuals perceptions of management and group attitudes toward safety. The negative influence of anticipated obstacles and the perceived difficulties of safety procedures on individual safety behavior pointed out management s role in reducing risks and accidents by designing intervention programs to improve safety performance, and formulating proactive solutions for problems typically leading to accidents and injuries.Ph.D.
Department of Public Administration
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs PhD
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Kirchhoff, Christopher. "Fixing the national security state : commissions and the politics of disaster and reform." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226849.
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In the U.S. federal system, 'crisis commissions' are powerful instruments of social learning that actively mediate the politics of disaster and reform. Typically endowed with the legal authority to establish causes of dramatic policy failures and make recommendations to prevent their recurrence, commissions can prompt major governmental reorganizations. Yet commissions are also frequently accused of being influenced by dominant interests and faulted for articulating incomplete or politically expedient narratives of failure. Even when commission conclusions are accepted, the reforms they propose are not always adopted. Using the 9/11 Commission as a conceptual backdrop, this dissertation explores the relationship between disaster, public investigation, and reform by undertaking a detailed study of the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation Board and Iraq Study Group. Together, the cases constitute a study of the national security state seeking to correct failures across different domains of state power: border security, war-making capability, and dominance in space. I argue that commissions, as one-shot diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, are more effective than standing political institutions at confronting entrenched ways of seeing and knowing in complex systems of the national security state, which are defined by the interaction of ideology, large bureaucracies, and advanced technologies. The ability of commissions to see critically for society itself is not given but rather constructed through investigative and deliberative processes that must overcome the action of political interests. Commission credibility is therefore not an essential trait that derives a priori from the inherent stature of its members, but is rather the output of the investigative phase as commissions identify, compile, and publicize errors made by the state. In this adversarial process, an aggressive professional staff emerges as a determinant of commission success, leading to an important distinction between investigative commissions with 'super staffs' and advisory commissions that lack them. Process tracing recommendations over a multi-year period nevertheless reveals dynamics of agency and resistance at play between commissions and the institutions they attempt to reform, highlighting the partial success commissions are likely to achieve at coercing entrenched institutions to implement their recommendations.
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Antunes, Leandra. "Análise de acidente do trabalho sob uma perspectiva organizacional: estudo de caso no setor ferroviário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6139/tde-15062018-132046/.
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Introdução - O transporte ferroviário metropolitano de passageiros é um ambiente de trabalho complexo e envolve riscos para os trabalhadores, que podem acarretar em grave acidente de trabalho. Após realizar testes em novos trens, três trabalhadores caminhavam na via quando foram atingidos por trem e morreram. Objetivo - Contribuir para a disseminação da abordagem organizacional na análise de acidentes do trabalho, de modo a ultrapassar o conceito de culpa da vítima. Método - Estudo de caso realizado por meio de pesquisa em livros, artigos, jornais e documentação. Após essa etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas com trabalhadores da empresa e observações do trabalho. Foi utilizado o Modelo de Análise e Prevenção de Acidentes de Trabalho (MAPA), que propõe uma abordagem sistêmica do caso. Resultado - A análise do trabalho habitual mostrou falha no planejamento e organização das condições de trabalho, falha nas comunicações necessárias à coordenação de interações entre tarefas e falha na gestão da segurança do trabalho das empresas terceirizadas. A análise de mudanças mostrou que a realização da tarefa no período noturno era eventual, os trabalhadores terceirizados não conheciam o local, também mostrou que informações diferentes foram comunicadas por e-mail e por formulário interno, os trabalhadores ficaram sabendo da mudança do pátio dos trens apenas quando foram realizar a tarefa e com isso, houve atraso na tarefa, o trajeto de volta não foi planejado. A ampliação conceitual mostrou que o histórico de acidentes ocorridos na empresa não serviu de alerta, bem como, a valorização do trabalho prescrito não impede a ocorrência de acidentes, pois a tarefa ocorreu em situação de trabalho com variabilidades. Conclusão - o estudo demonstrou que quando o acidente de trabalho é tratado de maneira reducionista, como evento causado pelo comportamento inadequado sem considerar a complexidade nas formas de trabalho, a empresa deixa de identificar oportunidades de melhoria organizacional, além de não tratar de maneira preventiva os múltiplos aspectos que contribuíram para a ocorrência do evento.Introduction - Metropolitan passenger rail transport is a complex work environment and involves risks for workers, which can be availed in a serious work accident. What is done in new trios, three days of transport on the road were struck by train and died. Objective - Contribute to the dissemination of the organizational approach in the analysis of occupational accidents, in order to overcome the concept of guilt of the victim. Method - a case study carried out through research in books, articles, newspapers and documents. After this stage, interviews were conducted with company workers and observations of the work. It was used the Model of Analysis and Prevention of Accidents at Work (MAPA), which presented a case systematic. Result - The analysis of the work has been frequent in the failure of the planning and organization of the working conditions, failure in the communications for the coordination of tasks between tasks and tasks in the security of outsourced companies. The information contained in this exhibitor informed that the data were not valid, and those who were not informed about the place, were also published. What you did was not planned. A conceptual increase that made the history of occurrence indexes in the company did not serve as an alert, as well as, the valuation of the prescribed work did not prevent the occurrence of accidents, but a work situation with variabilities. Conclusion - the study showed that the work accident is treated in a reductionist way, as the event was of inappropriate behavior without considering the forms of work, a company is no longer a sign of organizational change, besides not treating preventive aspects which contributed to the occurrence of the event.
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Coupaud, Marine. "Mondialisation, conditions de travail et santé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0139/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’applique à explorer dans quelle mesure et par quels mécanismes lamondialisation, au travers de ses différentes composantes, impacte la santé des travailleurseuropéens. Dans une première partie, nous exposons les conséquences socio-économiques de cephénomène. Dans une deuxième partie, nous montrons que l’exposition concurrentielleinternationale constitue un facteur de risque pour la santé des travailleurs non qualifiés. Lesfacteurs individuels et organisationnels sont néanmoins les plus à même d’expliquer la prévalencede troubles physiques et mentaux chez l’ensemble des travailleurs. La mondialisation impliqueaussi de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles liées à l’internationalisation des firmes, une autrefacette de la mondialisation. Nous soulignons que les travailleurs doivent ainsi trouver lesressources nécessaires pour rester attractifs dans ce monde en perpétuelle évolution. Dans unetroisième partie, nous exposons que la mondialisation favorise le développement des activités deservices dans les pays industrialisés. En parallèle, l'organisation de type "lean" est mise en placedans ces secteurs et la pression concurrentielle s’accroit. Ces changements impactent les conditionsde réalisation du travail. Dans ce contexte, la santé se trouve dégradée par des facteurs de risqueen évolution, parmi eux l’intensité du travail liées aux relations interpersonnelles. Enfin, nousmontrons que la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise apparait comme une solution dont lesentreprises peuvent s’emparer pour améliorer la santé de leurs travailleurs et par conséquent, leurperformance sociale et financièreThis thesis aims at exploring to what extent globalization, through its diversecomponents, impacts the health of European workers. In a first part, we expose the socio-economicconsequences of this multi-faceted phenomenon. In a second part, we show that internationalcompetition, one of the essential components of globalization, is a risk factor for non-skilledworkers. Nevertheless, individual and organizational factors are the most likely to explain mentaland physical disorders prevalence in the population as a whole. Globalization also implies newpractices linked to firms’ internationalization strategy, another component of globalization. Weunderline that workers must acquire the skills to stay attractive in a constantly changing worldand they do not find much support in their companies. In a third part, we show that globalizationenhances the surge of the service sector in industrialized countries. In addition, the leanmanagement is implemented in those sectors and competitive pressure increases. These changesimpact the way the work is performed. Within this context, the health of workers deterioratesbecause they are exposed to changing risk factors, among them: intense of work related tointerpersonal relationships. Finally, we find that the Corporate Social Responsibility comes as ananswer to improve workers’ health and as a consequence, firms’ social and financial performance
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Gonçalves, Magda Maria de Matos Palhota. "Estratégias empresariais no âmbito da segurança: Um olhar sobre o universo rodoviário." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/565.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Comportamento OrganizacionalTendo como intenção definir um modelo causal explicativo da génese dos acidentes organizacionais, Reason (1997) defendeu um modelo considerando que a normal trajectória do acidente dentro de uma organização pressupõe que um perigo ou ameaça atravesse as defesas existentes, devido à conjugação de falhas manifestas -ou actos inseguros- praticados pelos indivíduos e falhas latentes- relacionadas com factores organizacionais ou factores inerentes ao local de trabalho. No nosso trabalho, pretendemos validar empiricamente o modelo desenhado por Reason, procurando verificar se factores organizacionais e/ou relacionados com o local de trabalho poderiam estar na origem de actos inseguros por parte dos trabalhadores e, em associação com estes, poderiam relacionar-se com os altos índices de sinistralidade rodoviária da empresa em estudo. Outro objectivo do nosso trabalho, consistiu ainda em desenvolver um instrumento de avaliação baseado no modelo do autor supracitado, o qual se traduziu num guião de entrevista semi-estruturado dividido em cinco temáticas fundamentais: "Dados Socio-demográficos", "Descrição da função", "Factores relacionados com a organização, "Factores relacionados com o local de trabalho" e "Dados de índole rodoviária". Foi esse o instrumento que utilizámos para levar a cabo o primeiro objectivo do nosso estudo, e procurar validar empiricamente o modelo de Reason (1997). O nosso trabalho foi desenvolvido dentro de uma multinacional pertencente ao ramo da indústria farmacêutica, e concretizou-se pela realização de dezassete entrevistas- treze a comerciais e quatro entrevistas a chefias intermédias. A nossa amostra incluiu doze indivíduos do sexo masculino e cinco indivíduos do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 28 e os 44 anos de idade. Todos possuíam um contrato de trabalho sem termo e a maioria dos entrevistados apresentava um tempo de casa até cinco anos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizámos um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, que contou com as entrevistas supracitadas enquanto método de recolha de informação. Os resultados que obtivemos permitiram-nos identificar, efectivamente, alguns problemas/ lacunas a nível organizacional, de que são exemplo o reduzido conhecimento das estratégias e objectivos globais da organização por parte dos funcionários, falhas comunicacionais existentes, a valorização do indivíduo por parte da empresa sentida como reduzida ou nula, existência de "lobbys" e premiações duvidosas, participação deficitária dos funcionários na vida da empresa e excessiva burocratização na organização. Do ponto de vista do local de trabalho, a situação apresentou-se igualmente complexa, com objectivos organizacionais marcada e quase exclusivamente orientados para a produtividade, a inexistência de sistemas de investigação de acidentes de viação, a ausência de opiniões acerca da segurança rodoviária por parte dos funcionários, reduzido envolvimento dos mesmos nas reuniões internas sobre segurança rodoviária, ausência de plenários sobre o tema, supervisores a não valorizar suficientemente o tema da segurança rodoviária, bem como o reduzido debate do tema entre colegas de trabalho/ equipa. Estes factores demonstraram poder ter alguma influência nos comportamentos inseguros dos indivíduos, uma vez que alguns dos entrevistados chegaram mesmo a referir factores relacionados com a pressão/stress do trabalho enquanto factores de perigo para a condução e demonstraram preocupar-se pouco ou quase nunca com a possibilidade de se ferirem na sequência de possíveis acidentes rodoviários em trabalho. Paralelamente a isso, relatam ter sofrido multas devidas a excesso de velocidade e uma das chefias intermédias reconheceu claramente falar ao telefone enquanto conduzia. As "perdas", consequência última do somatório de disfuncionalidades relacionadas com a organização, o local de trabalho e os actos inseguros dos indivíduos (Reason, 1997) ficaram bem patenteadas no elevado número de acidentes/ incidentes /multas de viação sofridos pelos indivíduos, muito embora não tivessem sido registada a existência de danos físicos por parte de nenhum entrevistado. Findo este trabalho, podemos concluir que cumprimos com ambos os objectivos a que nos propusemos no início do estudo. Em primeiro lugar, pudemos desenvolver um instrumento de avaliação fundamentado no modelo de Reason (1997). Concretizado este objectivo, conseguimos posteriormente validar do ponto de vista empírico o modelo de segurança defendido pelo mesmo autor. Neste estudo, conseguimos identificar lacunas e /ou áreas de falência em termos organizacionais e/ou do local de trabalho dos indivíduos que, em última instância, poderão constituir factores latentes responsáveis pelos acidentes, quando conjugados com as falhas manifestas dos indivíduos.
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Кусяк, Христина Петрівна, and Khrystyna Kusiak. "Розроблення заходів із удосконалення існуючої організації дорожнього руху міста." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35582.
Full textAbstract:
Метою даного кваліфікаційної роботи є вдосконалення організації дорожнього руху за результатами проведеного аналізу дорожньо-транспортних пригод в північній частині м. Львів за період з 2015 по 2019 рр.
В ході проектування досліджені основні параметри транспортних потоків, розглянуто аварійність за 2015-2019 рр., досліджені і оцінені існуючі схеми організації дорожнього руху.
В результаті проектування розроблені пропозиції щодо організації дорожнього руху на досліджуваних ділянках.
Проведено розрахунок ефективності розроблених заходів та обґрунтовано доцільність їх реалізації.
У розділі 3 розглянуті питання, що стосуються охорони праці дорожніх робітників при здійсненні дорожніх робіт та безпеки життєдіяльності.The purpose of this qualification work is to improve the organization of traffic based on the results of the analysis of road accidents in the northern part of Lviv for the period from 2015 to 2019. During the design the main parameters of traffic flows are investigated, the accident rate for 2015-2019 is considered, the existing traffic organization schemes are investigated and evaluated. As a result of the design, proposals for the organization of traffic in the studied areas were developed. The calculation of the effectiveness of the developed measures is carried out and the expediency of their implementation is substantiated. Section 3 deals with issues related to occupational safety of road workers during road works and life safety.
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Cade, Evelyn. "Risk, Oil Spills, and Governance: Can Organizational Theory Help Us Understand the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1614.
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The 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico awakened communities to the increased risk of large-scale damage along their coastlines presented by new technology in deep water drilling. Normal accident theory and high reliability theory offer a framework through which to view the 2010 spill that features predictive criteria linked to a qualitative assessment of risk presented by technology and organizations. The 2010 spill took place in a sociotechnical system that can be described as complex and tightly coupled, and therefore prone to normal accidents. However, the entities in charge of managing this technology lacked the organizational capacity to safely operate within this sociotechnical system.
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MACHADO, ALETHEIA DE ALMEIDA. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL NORM IN THE CHEMICAL SAFETY REALM FROM BHOPAL TO THE CONVENTION 174 OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) CONCERNING THE PREVENTION OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5210@1.
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Esta dissertação trata do processo de construção social
da
norma internacional, na área de segurança química. Partiu-
se de uma realidade local --- a ocorrência de um acidente
industrial ampliado --- e de seus impactos sobre o
ambiente
internacional. Nesse sentido, foi fundamental perceber
aquela realidade local como um fato social, construído
por
meio de uma conscientização ambiental ou anuência
coletiva
mais ampla. Daquele processo de construção social, aliás,
faz parte a constituição dessa consciência coletiva
quanto
às ameaças ambientais, fortalecida politicamente pelo
aval da comunidade de Nações, quando das Conferências de
Estocolmo (1972) e do Rio de Janeiro (1992). Por isso,
seguindo parâmetros teóricos construtivistas, optou-se
pela análise da forma como se deu o processo de
construção
ideacional e normativa mais abrangente, em matéria
ambiental, nas relações internacionais contemporâneas;
para, posteriormente, abordar a construção social do
acidente e da norma gerada, parte daquele processo.
Quanto
à organização e à mobilização da sociedade civil, bem
como
quanto à influência dessa mobilização sobre os Estados,
atribuiu-se destaque especial aos agentes de propagação
de
idéias, referidas à proteção ambiental e à segurança
química, bem como a suas plataformas organizacionais.
Para
tanto, dada sua relevância social e empírica, escolheu-
se,
como objeto de estudo, o acidente industrial ampliado,
ocorrido em 1984, na cidade de Bhopal, Índia; e a
Convenção 174 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho
para
a prevenção de acidentes industriais ampliados.This paperwork deals with the social construction process of the international norm in the chemical safety realm. The point of departure was a local reality -- the occurrence of a major industrial accident --- and its impacts on the international environment. The perception of that reality as a social fact, constructed from a wider environmental awareness or collective acquiescence, was essential. The constitution of that collective awareness is part of the referred social construction process and was politically strengthened by the international community when it assembled in the Stockholm Convention (1972) and the Rio Convention (1992). Following certain constructivist theoretical parameters, the wider ideational and normative scenario, related to environmental questions in the contemporary international relations, was first analysed. Afterwards, the focus was directed towards the social construction of the accident and the norm negotiated. In relation to the civil society organisation and mobilisation, as well as to its influence on state behaviour, it was given emphasis on the role of agents of environmental protection and chemical safety ideas and its organisational platforms. As per its social and empirical importance, it was chosen as object of analysis the major industrial accident, occurred in 1984, in Bhopal, India, and the Convention 174 of the International Labour Organization concerning the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents.
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Димон, Ігор Романович, and Ihor Dymon. "Аналіз і вдосконалення організації дорожнього руху на окремих ділянках транспортної мережі міста." Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35581.
Full textAbstract:
Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є дослідження умов дорожнього руху в житловому районі.
В ході виконання роботи досліджені основні параметри транспортних і пішохідних потоків, розглянута аварійність за 2016-2019 рр., досліджені і оцінені існуючі схеми організації дорожнього руху.
В результаті проектування розроблені пропозиції щодо організації дорожнього руху на досліджуваних ділянках.
Третій розділ присвячений питанням безпеки життєдіяльності та охорони праці.The purpose of the qualification work is to study the traffic conditions in the residential area. In the course of the work the main parameters of traffic and pedestrian flows are investigated, the accident rate for 2016-2019 is considered, the existing schemes of traffic organization are investigated and evaluated. As a result of the design, proposals were developed for the organization of traffic in the studied areas. The third section is devoted to issues of life safety and labor protection.
32
Peters, Candice Marie. "A comparison of the levels of patient staffing ratios and staffing mix to the number of patient falls in an acute care setting." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1314.
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Petersson, Emelie, Nina Wahlström, and Vicky Karazeimbeki. "Det strategiska arbetet kring säkerhet på en nöjespark : En fallstudie om Lisebergs risk- och krishantering." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30800.
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Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med syftet att undersöka hur en nöjespark i Sverige arbetar med förebyggande risk- och krishantering. Nöjesparken som har undersökts är Liseberg som ligger i Göteborg. En fallstudie på Liseberg har gjorts med hjälp av kvalitativa metoder och ett deduktivt förhållningssätt. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med fyra personer från Lisebergs företagsledning samt en person från företaget Göteborg: Co. Studien baseras även på sju mailintervjuer med parkmedarbetare på Liseberg. Studiens resultat visar att organisationen följer de kriterier som de valda teorierna förespråkar att en organisation bör följa. Både i förebyggande syfte men även hur en kris ska hanteras när den inträffar. Lisebergs främsta värdeord är säkerhet, vilket återspeglar deras arbete kring säkerhetsfrågor. De övningar och utbildningar inom risk- och krishantering som de anställda på nöjesparken genomgår kan ses som otillräckliga. Detta kan leda till att en kris inte kommer kunna hanteras på det mest effektiva sättet. Resultatet för denna studie visar alltså att Liseberg teoretiskt skulle klara av de flesta risker och kriser. Studien går att applicera på andra nöjesparker samt liknande turistföretag vilket är positivt för att i dagens forskning fylla de luckor som finns inom detta forskningsområde.The purpose of this study is to investigate how a theme park in Sweden works with preventive risk management, and how they handle crisis management in case of incidents. The theme park which has been studied is located in the city Gothenburg and is called Liseberg. A field study of Liseberg has been made with a qualitative research. Five semi -structured interviews have been held in Gothenburg and seven mail interviews have been held to collect the empirical results. The results shows that Lisebergs risk and crisis management sees at the current situation on paper to be able to handle most types of incidents. The organization follows the criteria according to what the theories in the study says an organization should follow, both preventively and how the actions when an incident occurs should be taken. Training in risk and crisis management, however, is considered low for all employees to be able to handle major incidents. This may mean that a crisis is not handled in the most efficient way. The study can be applied to other amusements parks and similar tourist companies which is positive for the current research to fill the gaps contained in this research area.
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Haesebaert, Julie. "Performance de la prise en charge de l'accident vasculaire cérébral à la phase aigue." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1068/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'accès aux thérapeutiques de reperfusion (thrombolyse/thrombectomie) dans les délais recommandés constitue l'enjeu principal de la prise en charge de l'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) à la phase aiguë. Actuellement, seuls 20% des patients éligibles en bénéficient, en raison de difficultés à identifier l'AVC et de délais de prise en charge prolongés. La filière de soins optimale pour l'AVC à la phase aiguë comprend l'appel au 15 dès la survenue des symptômes et un transfert direct du patient en unité neurovasculaire (UNV). Cependant, une 1ère étude menée dans le Rhône en 2006-2007 (AVC 69) avait objectivé que la filière de soins passait par les urgences dans 80% des cas et que seuls 10% des patients éligibles étaient thrombolysés. Les principaux retards identifiés dans la prise en charge concernaient au niveau préhospitalier, l'identification de l'AVC et l'appel au 15 par le patient ou les témoins, et au niveau intrahospitalier, le parcours de soins dans les services d'urgences, l'obtention de l'imagerie cérébrale et le transfert en UNV. Pour répondre à ces problématiques, nous avons mis en place un programme visant à améliorer la prise en charge de l'AVC en région Rhône-Alpes. Notre travail de thèse rapporte 3 projets menés au sein de ce programme : Le premier projet ciblait la phase préhospitalière. Il a permis d'évaluer la perception de l'AVC au sein de la population générale, afin de proposer une campagne d'information pertinente. Nous avons étudié l'impact de cette campagne dans le Rhône sur l'appel au 15 et les connaissances de la population sur l'AVC. Le second projet a évalué une intervention multifacettes de formation des professionnels des services d'urgences dont l'objectif était de diminuer les délais de prise en charge intrahospitaliers et améliorer l'accès à la thrombolyse. Le troisième projet a porté sur l'étude de la validité des bases de données médico-administratives hospitalières pour identifier les AVC, en vue de l'utilisation de ces bases à des fins épidémiologiques ou pour la construction d'indicateurs de suivi de la performance. Les interventions déployées au sein du programme ont permis d'améliorer le recours à l'appel au 15 et le taux de thrombolyse, néanmoins l'ampleur des effets observés reste limitée et aucun effet sur les délais n'a pu être mis en évidence. Un approfondissement des mécanismes d'action des interventions est nécessaire pour pouvoir proposer des interventions plus efficacesThe main issue in the management of acute stroke is access to reperfusion strategies (ie thrombolysis or thrombectomy) within the recommended time window. Currently, fewer than 1 in 2 eligible patients are receiving this treatment, partly because of difficulties in stoke identification and extended treatment delays. The optimal care pathway for acute stroke includes immediately calling emergency medical services (EMS) at symptoms onset followed by a direct transfer to the stroke unit (SU). However, a previous study carried out in 2006-2007 in the Rhône region (AVC69) pointed out that 80% of patients were managed in the emergency unit and only 10% of eligible patients were thrombolysed. Delays in management were identified at different stages: at the prehospital level, for stroke identification and the EMS call, and at the inhospital level with inefficicent processes in emergency units, delays in cerebral imaging obtaining and for SU transfert. To address these problems, we have set up a program to improve stroke management in the Rhône-Alpes region. Our work reports 3 projects carried out within this program: The first project identified stroke representations in the general population in order to design a relevant information campaign. Then, we studied the impact of this campaign on the number of EMS call for stroke suspicion and on population's knowledge about stroke. In the second project, we developed and evaluated a multifaceted training intervention for emergency units professionals aimed at reducing inhospital management times and improving access to thrombolysis. The third project analyzed the validity of hospital medico-administrative databases to identify strokes, in anticipation of the use of these databases for epidemiological studies or for the construction of performance indicators. Interventions within the program improved the EMS call and thrombolysis rate, but the magnitude of observed effects remained limited and no effect on management times could be observed. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of intervention is needed to further design more effective interventions
35
Dively, John A. McCarthy John R. "Tort liability of Illinois school districts, boards of education, and school personnel for student injuries." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633391.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 10, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John R. McCarthy (chair), Marcilene Dutton, Edward R. Hines, David L. Tucker. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-153) and abstract. Also available in print.
36
Pitaš, Martin. "Analýza ztráty zisku dopravní organizace v důsledku opravy po nehodě u autobusů s obsaditelností nad 30 míst." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232565.
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The main aim of this master's thesis is preparation of economic and technical data for analysis of profit loss for a transport organization as a result of repair work after an accident involving buses with a carrying capacity of over 30 passengers. Master's thesis has three main parts. First part deals with technical data of buses SOR C 9,5, SOR C 10,5 a MAN Lion's Regio C, theirs equipment and service operation. Economic data about these buses are processed and evaluated in second part. Last part is devoted to the creation of methodology for calculation of profit loss of buses after an accident. It concerns about each model and category of buses with a carrying capacity of over 30 passengers as a whole.
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Ghorban, Maryam. "Människa – Teknik – Organisation ur ett utredningsperspektiv : En intervjustudie av medarbetare vid Statens haverikommission." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för psykologi och organisationsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-6256.
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Human - Technology - Organization (HTO) is a well-established, general unifying concept in the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority (SHK) that represents an approach, knowledge and use of various tools regarding interactions between people, technology and organizational factors. The HTO-perspective is well described in literature but there are few studies on how SHKs staff experiences working according to this method in their investigations. The aim of this study was therefore to describe their HTO-perspective, examine how it is used in the investigations at SHK and describe the investigators experience of working with the HTO-perspective as well as the method's usefulness compared to old methods in accident investigations. A literature study has been conducted in the areas of HTO, Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and safety culture. TPB and safety culture are described in this paper since they highlight the different aspects of a HTO-perspective. The hypothesis was answered by using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed by a content analysis and themes were identified. Furthermore the material from the interviews was subsequently structured through a Strength – Weakness – Opportunities – Threats analysis (SWOT), i.e. the informants' view on the HTO-perspective was structured based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats SHKs staff experience that the method has in the investigative work. The informants consisted of two investigators at SHK who 3have worked with accident investigations for a long time in various roles. The results yielded that the investigators had a positive attitude towards conducting investigations according to the HTO-perspective because they feel that this perspective provides them with cross-competence. A flaw is though that the perspective lacks a structured approach. As a result of this, the investigators own experiences and expertise play a major role in the quality of the investigation. As the study's aim is met and the informants are considered to be experts the validity requirements are also fulfilled.
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Olsson, Lena. "Skolan - en lärande organisation? : En fallstudie om hur ledarskap och säkerhetskultur kan påverka förekomsten av strukturellt personsäkerhetsarbete inom det svenska skolväsendet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för hälsa och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13595.
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I vår tid växer nya generationer upp i ett samhälle med hög förändringstakt. Ur ett personsäkerhetsperspektiv innebär förändringsintensiteten en osäkerhet gällande vilka potentiella risker vi utsätts för. Risker kan identifieras och hanteras genom ett systematiskt säkerhetsarbete. Det kräver en god säkerhetskultur som bland annat innebär att samtliga individer inom en organisation vet hur det ska påtala risker för sin arbetsgivare och känner sig trygga att göra det (Reason, 1997; Power, 2007). Arbetsmiljölagen (1977:1166) föreskriver att risker ska identifieras och hanteras i ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Samtidigt rapporteras att ca trettio procent av tusen grundskollärare upplever någon form av risk i samband med att föra fram kritik till eller om sin arbetsgivare (Helte, 2011). Hur påverkar den situationen förekomsten av internrapportering, förmåga att hantera risker och att dra lärdom av händelser? Är skolan en lärande organisation? Syftet med studien är att få en inblick i hur riskbilden kan se ut på en skola och, belysa hur fyra pedagoger upplever kulturen på sin arbetsplats, generellt och i förhållande till det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet enligt arbetsmiljölagens (1977:1166) intentioner. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ fallstudie. Studiens resultat visar att i samtliga fall var avsaknaden av en god säkerhetskultur med systematisk och strukturell approach anmärkningsvärd, även på de skolor som hade en trygg och öppen kultur. Den riskbild som framkom i intervjuerna omfattade risker i den psykiska och fysiska arbetsmiljön. Riskerna var tätt sammanlänkade med den pedagogiska verksamheten. Informanterna förmedlade behov av ökat systematiskt säkerhetsarbete och nämnde flera önskvärda effekter inom hela verksamheten som detta skulle kunna medföra.In our time, new generations grow up into a society of rapid change. From a personal security point of view, the high rate of change implies an uncertainty regarding which potential dangers we will face. Risks can be identified, addressed and managed through Systematic Safety Work. It requires a good safety culture which among other things means that everyone knows how they are supposed to report risks to their employers and that they are comfortable doing so. (Reason; 1997; Power, 2007). The Work Environment Act (1977:1166) stipulates that risks are to be identified and managed in a Systematic Safety Work. At the same time it is reported that about thirty percent of one thousand teachers experience some kind of risk expressing criticism to or about their employers. (Helte, 2011). How does this affect internal reporting, ability to manage risks and to learn from incidents? Is school a Learning Organization? The purpose of this study is to gain insight into what kind of risks there are in school and to illustrate how four teachers experience the culture in their workplaces, generally and in relation to Systematic Safety Work according to the intentions of the Work Environment Act (1977:1166). The study was conducted as a qualitative case study. Our results demonstrate that in all cases there was a notable lack of good safety culture including systematic and structural approach. This also applied even to the schools with a confident and open culture. The risks which were expressed in the interviews concerned both mental and physical work environment. The risks were closely interconnected with the educational activities. Informants conveyed the need for increased Systematic Safety Work and mentioned several desirable effects in the whole school organization as a result.
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Larouzee, Justin. "Théorie et pratique des modèles d’erreur humaine dans la sécurité des barrages hydroélectriques : le cas des études de dangers de barrages d’EDF." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0067/document.
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Cette thèse présente des travaux de deux natures différentes ; (1) l'étude approfondie des travaux de James Reason (Swiss cheese model) et (2) l'activité d'ingénierie d'un modèle (ECHO) pour l'étude des facteurs organisationnels et humains dans l'exploitation des barrages d'EDF. Ces travaux sont articulés autour de la question du rôle, de la valeur et de la place des modèles d'erreur humaine dans la gestion de la sécurité industrielle.Une revue de littérature montre que les dispositions de sécurité dans les barrages sont essentiellement techniques. Les considérations relatives au facteur humain, bien que prégnantes dans l'accidentologie, semblent faire défaut dans les pratiques. Constatant sa très large utilisation, nous présentons en détail le modèle de Reason. Nous mettons en lumière une « double » collaboration (peu documentée) entre recherche et industrie d'une part, sciences humaines et sciences de l'ingénieur d'autre part. Partant de cette double collaboration comme une condition de réussite à des évolutions culturelles de sécurité, nous présentons le processus d'ingénierie qui a permis la conception puis la mise en place d'un modèle facteur humain dans les études de dangers de barrages d'EDF. Nous tentons enfin de mesurer et de présenter les effets produits par ECHO sur les représentations et les pratiques. La discussion porte sur l'intérêt et les modalités de double collaboration dans la sécurité industrielle et espère contribuer à un recadrage du débat sur la nature et la valeur des modèlesThis thesis presents two different works: (1) an in-depth study of James Reason's work (Swiss cheese model) and (2) the engineering activity of a model (ECHO) of organizational and human factors in operation of EDF's dams. These works are articulated regarding the role, value and place of human error models in industrial safety management.A literature review shows that dams' safety is mainly based on technical issues. The considerations relating to human factors, although pervasively present in the accidents, seem to be lacking in practice. After its wide use, we present in detail the Reason's model. We highlight a double collaboration (poorly documented) between research and industry on the one hand, Humanities and engineering Sciences on the second hand. Based on this dual partnership as a success condition for efficient safety culture developments, we present the engineering process associated with the design and the implementation of a human factor model in EDF dams' hazards study. Finally, we try to measure and report the effects produced by ECHO on the representations and practices.The discussion focuses on the interest and modalities for double collaboration in industrial safety and, therefore hopes to contribute to reframe the debate on model's nature and value
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Azzi, Sílvia Gomes Pereira de Souza. "DIAGNÓSTICO DE ACIDENTES NO TRABALHO OCORRIDOS NA INDÚSTRIA QUÍMICA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS S/A - IQUEGO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2111.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-20This thesis presents the results of a study in Chemical Industry of the State of Goiás S/A (IQUEGO), aiming to diagnose the occurrence of accidents in the workplace, in the period from 2000 to 2007. The problem discussed concerns the relations between the conditions and organization of work as being facilitators of the occurrence of accidents from the assumption that, knowing the risk factors involved in labor activities in the pharmaceutical industry, you can see a strategy aimed at reducing the current rate of accidents at work. First, an analysis was made of the profile of the employee victim, type of activity carried out in business, time distribution of accidents, body parts affected and causes of accidents and injuries. We tried to verify the relationship between the accident and profile of affected workers and the working conditions of the area where they work in accordance with the personnel management policies adopted in the company. The method adopted for the research was the case study. Data were collected from a compilation of accidents reported through communication of Occupational Accidents (CAT), available in the collection of documentary industry. The research shows that the productive sector has a range of diversity of jobs and tasks. Organized in two shifts, the pace of work is intense, with continuous and repetitive movements of body parts, forced postures, intense rotations of trunk and head and legs of inflections, which makes the environment conducive to accidents. Under health and safety of workers, found that the organization adopts a policy not very well formalized, but supports the activities prevention ongoing, as the recommendations of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the legal concepts. The findings point to the need of the pharmaceutical industry, field of research, preventive care and has the standard of management, that invests in health and safety, improving working conditions, preserving the dignity of their workers.
Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada na Indústria Química do Estado de Goiás S/A (IQUEGO), com o objetivo de diagnosticar a ocorrência de acidentes no ambiente de trabalho, no período de 2000 a 2007. A problemática discutida refere-se às relações entre as condições e a organização do trabalho como elementos facilitadores da ocorrência de acidentes, a partir do pressuposto de que, conhecendo os fatores de riscos inerentes às atividades laborais da indústria farmacêutica, pode-se vislumbrar uma estratégia voltada à redução dos índices de acidentes no trabalho. Em primeiro plano, procedeu-se a análise do perfil do trabalhador vitimado, tipo de atividade exercida na empresa, distribuição temporal dos acidentes, partes do corpo atingidas e causas dos acidentes e das lesões. Buscou-se verificar a relação entre os acidentes e o perfil dos trabalhadores vitimados, bem como as condições de trabalho da área em que atuam, de conformidade com as políticas de gestão de pessoal adotadas na empresa. O método adotado para a investigação foi o estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados dos registros dos acidentes relatados por meio de Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT), disponíveis no acervo documental da indústria. A pesquisa revelou que o setor produtivo possui uma gama de diversidade de postos de trabalho e tarefas executadas. Organizado em dois turnos, o ritmo de trabalho é intenso, com movimentação contínua e repetitiva de partes do corpo, posturas forçadas, rotações intensas de tronco e cabeça e flexões de pernas, o que torna esse ambiente propício à ocorrência de acidentes. No âmbito da saúde e segurança do trabalhador, constatou-se que a organização não adota uma política própria de prevenção devidamente formalizada, mas apóia as atividades prevencionistas em curso, conforme as recomendações das Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e as concepções legais sobre o assunto. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de a indústria farmacêutica, campo da pesquisa, ter o cuidado preventivo como norma de gestão, investir em saúde e segurança, no sentido de melhorar as condições de trabalho, preservando a saúde e a dignidade de seus trabalhadores.
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Galindez, Araujo Luis J. "Factors surrounding and strategies to reduce recapping used needles by nurses at a Venezuelan public hospital." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003166.
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MAZZOLINI, GABRIELE. "Infortuni sul Lavoro e Rischi nel Mercato del Lavoro: Evidenze Empiriche." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/888.
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La presente tesi si focalizza sullo studio delle determinanti e delle conseguenze del rischio sul lavoro e degli incidenti occupazionali nel mercato del lavoro. Il primo contributo (Capitolo 1) fornisce una rassegna critica all'interno di un quadro di analisi armonizzato allo scopo di evidenziare le debolezze della letteratura teorica ed empirica, che si occupa di rischio sul lavoro e dei incidenti occupazionali. Nell’ indagare le determinanti degli incidenti sul lavoro (Capitolo 2), si analizza il ruolo delle condizioni di lavoro e della sicurezza sul posto di lavoro nel ridurre la probabilità di un infortunio e la durata della relativa assenza, tema inesplorato nella limitata letteratura empirica. I nostri risultati forniscono evidenze cross-country che una maggiore sicurezza contribuisce a ridurre la probabilità che un incidente si verifichi e le corrispondenti conseguenze, in termini di giorni di assenza per infortunio. Particolare attenzione viene posta nel considerare il ruolo delle regolamentazioni sulla sicurezza e delle pratiche di organizzazione del lavoro. Il Capitolo 3 studia le conseguenze degli infortuni. Ci si concentra a determinare come un incidente possa influenzare i costi sostenuti dal lavoratori, vale a dire una riduzione delle probabilità di occupazione e perdite salariali, sia nel breve sia lungo periodo. Utilizzando i dati BHPS, si trova che, nel breve periodo, uno stato di infortunio, in seguito ad un incidente occupazionale, porta ad una maggiore probabilità di perdere il lavoro; nel lungo periodo, i lavoratori infortunati possono subire consistenti perdite salariali che possono essere evitate se il lavoratore è occupato nel settore pubblico o in imprese sindacalizzate.This dissertation focuses on investigating the determinants and the consequences of risk at work and occupational accidents in the labour market. The first contribution (Chapter 1) provides a critical survey within an harmonized framework of analysis to highlight the weaknesses of the theoretical and empirical literature. In investigating the determinants of accidents at work (Chapter 2), we analyze the role of working conditions and safety at work in reducing the probability of accidents at work and the corresponding duration of absence, which is an unexplored issue in the limited empirically literature on risk at work and occupational accidents. Our findings provide cross-country evidence that more safety at work contributes to reduce the probability that an accident occurs and its consequences, in terms of days off from work. Particular attention is used in considering the role of safety at work regulations and of work organization practices. Chapter 3 studies the consequences of occupational injuries. We focus in determining how an accident may affect workers’ costs, namely a decline of employment probabilities and earning losses, either in the short or in the long term. Using the BHPS data, we find that, in the short term, a state of injury, following an occupational accident, leads to a higher probability of losing job; in the long term, injured workers may support significant earning losses that may vanish if they are employed in the public sector or in unionized firms.
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MAZZOLINI, GABRIELE. "Infortuni sul Lavoro e Rischi nel Mercato del Lavoro: Evidenze Empiriche." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/888.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesi si focalizza sullo studio delle determinanti e delle conseguenze del rischio sul lavoro e degli incidenti occupazionali nel mercato del lavoro. Il primo contributo (Capitolo 1) fornisce una rassegna critica all'interno di un quadro di analisi armonizzato allo scopo di evidenziare le debolezze della letteratura teorica ed empirica, che si occupa di rischio sul lavoro e dei incidenti occupazionali. Nell’ indagare le determinanti degli incidenti sul lavoro (Capitolo 2), si analizza il ruolo delle condizioni di lavoro e della sicurezza sul posto di lavoro nel ridurre la probabilità di un infortunio e la durata della relativa assenza, tema inesplorato nella limitata letteratura empirica. I nostri risultati forniscono evidenze cross-country che una maggiore sicurezza contribuisce a ridurre la probabilità che un incidente si verifichi e le corrispondenti conseguenze, in termini di giorni di assenza per infortunio. Particolare attenzione viene posta nel considerare il ruolo delle regolamentazioni sulla sicurezza e delle pratiche di organizzazione del lavoro. Il Capitolo 3 studia le conseguenze degli infortuni. Ci si concentra a determinare come un incidente possa influenzare i costi sostenuti dal lavoratori, vale a dire una riduzione delle probabilità di occupazione e perdite salariali, sia nel breve sia lungo periodo. Utilizzando i dati BHPS, si trova che, nel breve periodo, uno stato di infortunio, in seguito ad un incidente occupazionale, porta ad una maggiore probabilità di perdere il lavoro; nel lungo periodo, i lavoratori infortunati possono subire consistenti perdite salariali che possono essere evitate se il lavoratore è occupato nel settore pubblico o in imprese sindacalizzate.This dissertation focuses on investigating the determinants and the consequences of risk at work and occupational accidents in the labour market. The first contribution (Chapter 1) provides a critical survey within an harmonized framework of analysis to highlight the weaknesses of the theoretical and empirical literature. In investigating the determinants of accidents at work (Chapter 2), we analyze the role of working conditions and safety at work in reducing the probability of accidents at work and the corresponding duration of absence, which is an unexplored issue in the limited empirically literature on risk at work and occupational accidents. Our findings provide cross-country evidence that more safety at work contributes to reduce the probability that an accident occurs and its consequences, in terms of days off from work. Particular attention is used in considering the role of safety at work regulations and of work organization practices. Chapter 3 studies the consequences of occupational injuries. We focus in determining how an accident may affect workers’ costs, namely a decline of employment probabilities and earning losses, either in the short or in the long term. Using the BHPS data, we find that, in the short term, a state of injury, following an occupational accident, leads to a higher probability of losing job; in the long term, injured workers may support significant earning losses that may vanish if they are employed in the public sector or in unionized firms.
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Kabeš, Luboš. "Dopravní charakteristiky v uspořádání 2+1." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227840.
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The thesis discusses the roads in lanes 2 + 1 arrangement in the country and abroad. It focuses primarily analogy of this type of arrangement in our situation, ie on stretches of roads I. classes with an increased number of lanes for slow vehicles to climb. Part of this work is to verify some of the traffic, including traffic flow characteristics compared to conventional two-lane roads, especially in terms of: sectional speed; overtaking; Accident and dependence longitudinal gradient. The work aims to evaluate the foreign experience and achievements of domestic communications options for application configuration 2 + 1 in the Czech Republic.
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Amouri, Badreddine. "L'action directe contre les clubs de protection et d'indemnité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1054.
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L'action directe contre les P&I clubs constitue l'une des principales problématiques du contentieux maritime. Relative à l'indemnisation des victimes par la voie assurantielle, l'action directe s'avère aujourd'hui impossible à mettre en œuvre contre ces institutions. En effet, les clubs de protection et d'indemnité, qui ont un fonctionnement mutualiste particulier ne laissent aucune place à l'indemnisation de la victime à travers l'action directe. Ce constat est conforté par le droit anglais qui régit le contrat d'assurance de ces institutions et qui valide l’opposabilité de la clause « pay to be paid » aux victimes. Cette impossibilité de mise en œuvre a été consacrée aux débuts des années 1990 par les juridictions anglaises, puis réaffirmée à travers le « third parties act » de 2010. Pourtant, l'organisation maritime internationale a entrepris ces dernières années, un travail d’unification de la responsabilité civile du propriétaire du navire en impliquant ces institutions dans le processus d’indemnisation à travers l’assurance obligatoire. En effet, les textes internationaux confèrent pour certains dommages assurés par les clubs de protection et d'indemnité, une action directe aux victimes, la superposant ainsi, à l'indemnisation par la voie de la responsabilité. L'OMI a été ainsi à l'initiative de la mutation de ces institutions. En dehors de l'assurance obligatoire imposée par les conventions internationales de l’OMI, la réhabilitation du mécanisme s’avère possible à travers la solution juridique que nous proposerons. L'action directe serait alors un mécanisme salvateur face au phénomène des « single ship companies »Direct action against the P & I clubs is one of the main issues of maritime international disputes. Indeed, protection and indemnity clubs, which provides to shipowners "Indemnity" policies, requires a club member to discharge his liabilities to the injured third party before he can be indemnified by the P&I club. It results from a clause contained in the rules called "pay to be paid". Therefore, if the member cannot compensate the third party as result of insolvency, the english law does not allow the victim to bring proceedings against these institutions. Indeed, the third parties act against insurers 2010 transfers to the victim the rights of the insolvent insured against the insurer. At the same time, and regarding the legislation of England, the club is entitled to rely on the “pay to be paid” rule against the third party, which will defeat finally the claim. However, it is well known that some international conventions regarding the liability of the shipowner are conferring direct right of action against the P&I clubs. The International maritime organization does not allow these institutions, for some damages, to rely on the "pay to be paid" clause. From "indemnity insurers", the P&I club become "liability insures". Besides these conventions, this thesis will analyze the function of the direct action against P&I clubs in maritime disputes, and the legal solution which will allow any third party to sue directly the P&I clubs for the other damages
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Dias, Catarina Alexandra Guerreiro Marques. "Responsabilidade social e percepção do risco de acidentes de trabalho: estudo com motoristas e instrutores de condução." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5073.
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Orientação: Ana LoureiroA presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o estudo da percepção das estratégias e políticas de Responsabilidade Social dentro das empresas. Ao abordar este conceito pretende-se obter uma compreensão mais profunda da percepção que os colaboradores de uma determinada empresa têm acerca do seu desempenho tanto ao nível interno como externo da responsabilidade social, bem como tentar compreender de que modo se relaciona com a percepção de risco de acidentes de trabalho. No presente estudo foram questionados cento e sessenta e dois indivíduos, trabalhadores no sector da instrução de condução e motoristas de passageiros. O questionário era composto pelas escalas: Percepção de Responsabilidade Social, Percepção de Acidentes de Trabalho, várias questões relacionadas com a exposição ao factor risco, um conjunto de questões relacionadas com a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, e algumas questões de segurança e legislação laboral. A hipótese é, verificar se quando maior são as práticas de responsabilidade social nas três dimensões (colaboradores, ambiente e comunidade e económica), menor vai ser a percepção de risco de acidentes de trabalho. Através dos resultados obtidos verifica-se que quanto maior forem as práticas de Responsabilidade Social por parte da empresa, face ao bem-estar dos colaboradores, menor é a percepção de risco e acidentes de trabalho. Neste sentido a Responsabilidade Social contribui para o bem-estar no contexto do trabalho.
This thesis aims to contribute to the study of perception of the strategies and policies of social responsibility within companies. In addressing this concept is intended to seek a deeper understanding of the perception that employees of a particular company have about your performance both internally and externally of social responsibility, as well as trying to understand how it relates to the perception of risk of workplace accidents. In the present study were inquire one hundred sixty-two individuals, workers in the driving instruction and drivers of passengers. The questionnaire consisted of the scales: Perceived Social Responsibility, Perception of Accidents, several issues related to risk exposure factor, a set of issues related to the probability of accidents, and some security issues and legislation labor. The hypothesis is, verify what most are the practices of social responsibility in all three dimensions (employees, environment and community and economic), the lower will be the perceived risk of accidents. From the results obtained it appears that the higher the practices of social responsibility for the company, given the well-being of employees, the lower the perception of risk and accidents. In this sense social responsibility contributes to the well-being in the workplace.
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Dias, Catarina Alexandra Guerreiro Marques. "Responsabilidade social e percepção do risco de acidentes de trabalho: estudo com motoristas e instrutores de condução." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5073.
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Orientação: Ana LoureiroA presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o estudo da percepção das estratégias e políticas de Responsabilidade Social dentro das empresas. Ao abordar este conceito pretende-se obter uma compreensão mais profunda da percepção que os colaboradores de uma determinada empresa têm acerca do seu desempenho tanto ao nível interno como externo da responsabilidade social, bem como tentar compreender de que modo se relaciona com a percepção de risco de acidentes de trabalho. No presente estudo foram questionados cento e sessenta e dois indivíduos, trabalhadores no sector da instrução de condução e motoristas de passageiros. O questionário era composto pelas escalas: Percepção de Responsabilidade Social, Percepção de Acidentes de Trabalho, várias questões relacionadas com a exposição ao factor risco, um conjunto de questões relacionadas com a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, e algumas questões de segurança e legislação laboral. A hipótese é, verificar se quando maior são as práticas de responsabilidade social nas três dimensões (colaboradores, ambiente e comunidade e económica), menor vai ser a percepção de risco de acidentes de trabalho. Através dos resultados obtidos verifica-se que quanto maior forem as práticas de Responsabilidade Social por parte da empresa, face ao bem-estar dos colaboradores, menor é a percepção de risco e acidentes de trabalho. Neste sentido a Responsabilidade Social contribui para o bem-estar no contexto do trabalho.
This thesis aims to contribute to the study of perception of the strategies and policies of social responsibility within companies. In addressing this concept is intended to seek a deeper understanding of the perception that employees of a particular company have about your performance both internally and externally of social responsibility, as well as trying to understand how it relates to the perception of risk of workplace accidents. In the present study were inquire one hundred sixty-two individuals, workers in the driving instruction and drivers of passengers. The questionnaire consisted of the scales: Perceived Social Responsibility, Perception of Accidents, several issues related to risk exposure factor, a set of issues related to the probability of accidents, and some security issues and legislation labor. The hypothesis is, verify what most are the practices of social responsibility in all three dimensions (employees, environment and community and economic), the lower will be the perceived risk of accidents. From the results obtained it appears that the higher the practices of social responsibility for the company, given the well-being of employees, the lower the perception of risk and accidents. In this sense social responsibility contributes to the well-being in the workplace.
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Lin, He-tong, and 林合同. "Resolution Exploration of the Difficulty of Definition of Commuter Accident in Occupational Accident---A Research of the Policy Making Role of a National Organization." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51013314740948232715.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
94
As economy develops and citizen living standard improves, private automobiles and motorcycles become popular. Due to limited availability of public roads and concentrated use by commuters during peak traffic hours, commuter traffic accidents to and from work are therefore unavoidable. Commuter accident is not specifically defined in existing laws and is regarded as occupational accident by Regulations of the Examination of Injuries and Diseases Resulting from the Performance of Duties by the Insured Persons of the Labor Insurance Program” specified in Paragraph 2, Article 34 of the Labor Insurance Act, that commuter accident may be eligible for indemnity covered by injuries and diseases of occupational accident in laborer insurance and for subsidiaries and allowances of various kinds according to the Occupational Accident Labor Protection Law. However, no consistent opinion has been reached among the judicial departments and academic scholars that whether occupational accident stipulated in Article 59 of Labor Standards Act covers commuter accident ,and that such accident should be bore by employer solely or by the relatively economical weaker employee. This never-ending dispute has been going on, and employer’s responsibility is never clearly defined and laborer’s right is not explicitly protected. Because the diverse opinions among existing laws in our country ,and the academic circle do not help resolving such dispute at all, this Research intents to explore whether the role and function of national policy-making organizations have the dominant capability in policy-making from evolution of, and interaction between national organization and social groups (laborer’s group and employer’s group) in legality and history and scope of labor laws in our country, with reference of special characteristics of commuter accident compensation systems in Germany and Japan, to propose a compensation system that may effectively resolve such dispute and provide a reference for our country in the rebuilt and reconstruct of commuter accident compensation system and law in the future.
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Yang, Chun-Lung, and 楊俊隆. "Analysis of Crisis Management in Military Organizations – As Exemplified by Accidents by Military Vehicles of Grass-Roots Unit." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34813207610106647279.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
97
A military organization is an epitome of the society that involves all aspects from combat training to daily management, the complexity of which may astound everyone that knows well about the military organization. In spite of various codes and rules available, present learning of crisis management in military organizations is limited to learning lessons from cases or guidance of the subordinates from upper-level authorities. Such passive learning, however, is obviously insufficient for crisis management in grass-roots unit. Except in war preparedness, the Army has not developed any response plan for crisis management to respond to the changes of the environment, which is the main cause of this study. Therefore, the study is limited to the discussion on crisis within the military organizations, excluding issues such as military conflicts or wars, etc., using such methods as documentary analysis, case study, and in-depth interview. Analysis of “present status of crisis management in military organizations”, “discussion and analysis of cases of accidents by military vehicles” and “contents of interviews with cadres of grass-roots unit” examined using the three-stage crisis management theory revealed such shortcomings of crisis management in grass-roots unit of the Army, including incomplete response plan, rigid response system, rigid ways of education, lack of definition of authority and responsibility, inadequate coverage of the network and lack of awareness of crisis management. As a result, five suggestions, “developing a response plan based on task”, “activating the response system”, “strengthening drills & education and promoting skills of the personnel”, “building information-based contact and resource platform” and “enhancing cadres’ awareness of crisis management” are summarized and provided to military organizations for reference upon crisis management.
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Lima, Francisco José da Silva Coelho. "Riscos emergentes associados às nanotecnologias : uma introdução." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/10681.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Pedro Fernandes GraçaA situação da segurança e saúde nas empresas está em constante mudança, os novos paradigmas relacionados com os novos riscos emergentes, no mundo do trabalho, tem sido alvo de uma atenção especial nos últimos anos. Os ambientes de trabalho estão em constante mudança sob a influência de novas tecnologias e de condições económicas, sociais e demográficas que se vão alterando. A Globalização implica novas ameaças à saúde no trabalho em outros tempos distantes, com a automatização de novos processo industriais. Os novos riscos profissionais e emergentes podem ser causados por inovações técnicas ou por mudanças sociais ou organizacionais, tais como: Os que se relacionam com a utilização de novos materiais, como as fibras sintéticas, nano-materiais e nanotecnologias. A exposição ocupacional a nano-partículasé um risco recente e simultaneamente com tendência a aumentar, o que o classifica como risco emergente. As nano-partículas entram no corpo humano por diversas vias, desconhecendo-se ainda a total dimensão dos danos que podem vir a causar em termos de saúde ao trabalhador exposto.
The situation of safety and health in enterprises is constantly changing, new paradigms related to new and emerging risks in the workplace, have been the subject of special attention in recent years. Working environments are changing under the influence of new technologies as economic conditions, social and demographic change. Globalization implies new threats to health at work in other distant times, with the automation of new industrial processes. The new and emerging occupational risks may be caused by technical innovation or social organizational changes, such as: those relate to the use of new materials such as synthetic fibers, nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Occupational exposure to nanoparticles is recent and irreasing risk, which is ranked as an emerging risk. The nanoparticles enter the body in various ways, are still unaware of the full extent of the damage that may result in health workers exposed to