Academic literature on the topic 'Organizatinal behavior'

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh work-life balance (WLB) terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dengan job satisfaction sebagai variabel mediasi pada karyawan PT Okta Rekananda Instrument. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi peran mediasi job satisfaction dalam hubungan antara work-life balance (WLB) terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Metode penelitian merupakan kuantitatif verifikatif dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 52 karyawan yang diperoleh dari survei menggunakan 32 item kuesioner yang disebarkan pada karyawan PT Okta Rekananda Instrument. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini akan menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa work-life balance (WLB) tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), job satisfaction (JS) berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap organizatinal citizenship behavior (OCB), work-life balance (WLB) berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap job satisfaction (JS) dan work-life balance (WLB) terhadap organizatinal citizenship behavior (OCB) dimediasi secara positif oleh job satisfaction (JS).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan pengaruh organizatinal citizenship behavior (OCB) dan komitmen organisasional terhadap kinerja dengan mediasi kepuasan kerja pegawai Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumbawa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner sejumlah 80 responden pada pegawai Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sumbawa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sampling jenuh atau sensus. Analisis data menggunakan semPLS. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dan kepuasan kerja memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja, komitmen organisasional tidak terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, kepuasan kerja tidak terbukti sebagai mediasi pada hubungan antara organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kinerja, kepuasan kerja memediasi pada hubungan komitmen organisasional terhadap kinerja.

In this research is studied the influence of organizational culture on personality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior(OCB) to theemployees of PT. POS INDONESIA (Persero) BEKASI AREA. The independent variablesin this studyis the personality and culture of the organization, while the dependent variable Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This study aimsto determine the effectof personality and organizational culture both partial and together the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) to theemployees of PT. POS INDONESIA(Persero) BEKASI AREA. The method usedin this research isdescriptive and verification methods. Givena population of 60 people, the method use disproportional random sampling. Methods of data analysis using SPSS software Ver. 21:00. The results of this study proveeitherpartially or jointlypersonality and organizational culturepositive and significant impacton Organizatinal Citizenship Behavior, where Fhitung9.295>Ftabel3.16 and a significance levelof 0.000<0.05 so the research hypothesis H1, H2 and H3 accepted,it is also supported by theRsquare valueof 24.6%. It shows the contribution of personality and influence of organizational culture on Organization Citizenship Behaviorat 24.6%.

Organizational citizenshipxbehavior has been recognized as an important variable for every organization both in academicians and practitioners. Thexpurpose of this study is to investigate thexrole of organizatinal citizenship behavior as mediator onxthe relationshipxbetween perceivedxorganizational support, job characteritics and knowledge sharing. The number of respondents that could be used in this study was 37 employees of the CivilxServants inxthe Public Works andxPublic Housing Agencyxof the West Sumatra Region of Padang City. The resultsxof analysis showedxthat the perceived organizationalxsupport and jobxcharacteristics did not affect significantly knowledge sharing. Perceived organizationalxsupport wasxfound to have positive effect onxorganizational citizenship behavior and jobxcharacteristics did not influencexorganizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore,xorganizational citizenship behaviorxwas found to havexpositive effect on knowledgexsharing. In addition, organizationalxcitizenship behavior wasxproven to mediate thexrelationship between perceived organizationalxsupport and knowledge sharing.xHowever, it did notxmediate the relationship between jobxcharacteristics and knowledge sharing.

The study aims to analyse and discuss work motivation variables and transformational leadership styles on employee performance, work motivation variables and transformational leadership styles in Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), and Organizatinal Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) variables on employee performance. The population in this study were all employees of BMT UGT SIDOGIRI Jember consisting of 152 people. The sampling method uses a sampling probability with a random sampling approach using the Sovlin formula so that a sample of 110 respondents is obtained. The research uses line analysis and SPSS 20.0 as an analytical tool. The results of this study are (1) The motivation of work is significant impact on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember Employees, (2) Transformational leadership style significant influence on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour on employees of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember, (3) Work motivation is significant effect on the performance of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember Employees, (4) The Transformational leadership style is significant to the performance of the employees of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember , (5) Organizational Citizenship Behaviour has a significant effect on the performance of employees of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember, (6) The motivation of work has a significant impact on performance through the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour on employees of BMT UGT Sidogiri Jember, (6) The Transformational leadership style is significant to the performance through the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour at BMT UGT Sidogiri

This research aims to examine and analyze the political organization, organizational climate and organizational culture with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job satisfaction as an intervening variable for employees of Distributor Company. The object of this research is 73 employees of Distributor Company. The approach used in this research is Component or Variance Based Structural Equation Model with analysis tool Smart-PLS. The results showed Political organizationa that has positive significant effect on job satisfaction. Organizational climate that has positive significant effect on job satisfaction to employees Distributor Company. Organizational culture that has positive significant effect on job satisfaction. Political organization does not affect organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Organizational climate that has positive significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Organizationa culture that has positive significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Job satisfaction that has positive significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

The fourth industrial revolution directs people to increasingly realize the importance of digitization. PT Indah Jawara Utama is a corporate in the digital business world which has many competitors. To ensure the suitability measurement, strategy, duty, and the resultant impact, the company must possess a good organizational behaviour. Organizational behaviour refers to a system which distinguishes an organization to others. It indicates that an organization upholds a set of characteristics of organizational behavior. This study aimed to identify the characteristic of strong organizational behaviors in PT Indah Jawara Utama as a company which engages in the production house, agency media, and event organizer. This study used a qualitative method with focused interview approach. The samples were determined by saturated sampling (census). Results obtained from this study states that six of seven characteristics of organizational behaviors are found in PT Indah Jawara Utama. Those are innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, and stability.

Purpose: Organizational citizenship behavior is significant for enhancing organizational effectiveness. Due to the importance of employee citizenship behaviors for organizations, it is necessary to analyze the impact of the antecedents of citizenship behaviors for promoting such behaviors among employees. This research work has examined the predictive ability of the different dimensions of job satisfaction in eliciting organizational citizenship behaviors among academicians working in private arts and science colleges. The dimensions of job satisfaction taken up for analysis include – salary, workload, physical work environment, interpersonal relationship, leadership style and job security. The dimensions of Organizational citizenship behavior include – altruism, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, civic virtue and courtesy. Methodology: Primary and Secondary data were used in this study. The primary data was based on the sample survey conducted among academic staff employed in private arts and science colleges. The sample size for the study is 112. Data was analyzed using Correlation and multiple regression methods using SPSS version 28. Findings: The results have established job satisfaction as a significant predictor of the organizational citizenship behavior dimensions of sportsmanship, civic virtue and courtesy. Workload was found to have the strongest antecedent ability. Practical Implication: The results of the study will help educational institutions to better manage the organizational factors that promote job satisfaction among academic staff. Satisfied staff will engage in citizenship behaviours that will strengthen the academic institution. Originality: This research work has examined and established the predictive ability of job satisfaction in eliciting organizational citizenship behaviours among academic staff. The reciprocity norm of Social Exchange theory which advocates that satisfied employee reciprocate their satisfaction by displaying citizenship behaviour is confirmed in this work.

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo demonstrar o uso da análise de sistemas comportamentais, mais especificamente, o Modelo de Engenharia de Sistemas Comportamentais, no aprimoramento dos serviços prestados pelo Centro para o Autismo e Inclusão Social, da USP. Os objetivos específicos foram: definir a missão do CAIS; reorganizar os processos a partir da definição da missão; estabelecer indicadores de feedback dos principais subsistemas que compõem o sistema processador e descrever o passo a passo da aplicação das ferramentas da Análise de Sistemas Comportamentais. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa-ação, caracterizada por ser um tipo de pesquisa social, com base empírica, que é concebida e realizada em estreita associação com uma ação ou com a resolução de um problema coletivo e no qual os pesquisadores e os participantes representativos da situação ou do problema estão envolvidos de modo cooperativo ou participativo. Os principais resultados foram o estabelecimento de dados de feedback do sistema processador, que antes do estudo não existiam, como os dados de pré e pós-testes realizados pelos terapeutas antes e após as aulas, os resultados das avaliações em tentativas discretas às quais os terapeutas foram submetidos, dados sobre a frequência em aula e sua correlação com os resultados nas avaliações. Os resultados do sistema receptor foram informações sobre os egressos, quanto à atuação na área do autismo e os resultados de avaliação das crianças no VB-Mapp, antes e após o início das intervenções. Outro resultado do presente trabalho foi a criação de uma disciplina específica de graduação, intitulada Análise do Comportamento Aplicada ao Autismo, garantindo maior visibilidade e estabilidade do trabalho realizado pelo CAIS e, consequentemente, maior número de alunos de graduação matriculados semestralmente na disciplina. Conclui-se que, de todas as etapas do modelo de intervenção utilizado, a fundamental foi a definição do macrossistema e da missão do CAIS. A partir dessas definições, vários processos foram redesenhados e tarefas distribuídas, possibilitando a coleta de dados de feedback, fundamental para o planejamento e decisões tomadas a cada mudança de semestre
The main objective of the present study was to demonstrate the use of the behavioral systems analysis, more specifically, the Behavioral Systems Engineering Model, in the improvement of the services provided by the Center for Autism and Social Inclusion, (CAIS-USP). The specific objectives were: defining the mission of the CAIS; reorganize the processes from the definition of the mission; establishing feedback indicators of the main subsystems that compose the processor system and describe the step-by-step application of Behavioral Systems Analysis tools. The method applied was action research, characterized by being a type of social research, with empirical basis, that is conceived and carried out in close association with an action or with the resolution of a collective problem and in which the researchers and the representative participants (situation or problem) are involved in a cooperative or participative manner. The main results were the establishment of feedback data from the processor system, which before the study did not exist, such as the pre and post test data performed by the therapists before and after classes, the results of the discrete trial assessment to which the therapists were submitted to, data on the frequency in class and its correlation with the results of evaluations. The results of the receptor system were information about the alumni, regarding the performance in the autism area and the results of the children´s assessments in the VB-Mapp, before and after the beginning of the interventions. Another result of the present study was the creation of a specific undergraduate discipline, entitled Applied of Behavior Analysis to Autism, guaranteeing greater visibility and stability of the work carried out by CAIS and, consequently, a higher number of undergraduate students enrolled in each semester. Considering all the stages of the applied intervention model, the conclusion is that the most fundamental one was the definition of the macrosystem and the mission of the CAIS. From these definitions, several processes had been redesigned and tasks were distributed, allowing the collection of feedback data, fundamental for the planning and decisions taken in each semester

The literature on person-organization (P-O) fit has been plagued with inconsistencies in the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of P-O fit. Despite numerous studies examining the relationship between P-O fit and outcomes, these inconsistencies in measurement and operationalization have led to mixed findings concerning specific individual outcomes. The goal of this dissertation was to address some of these inconsistencies by examining the relationship between P-O fit, using perceived and subjective measures of fit, and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. In addition, previously unexplored mediators of the P-O fit-outcome relationships were examined. Although not formally hypothesized, it was believed that the magnitude of the relationships would differ such that perceived fit would have a stronger relationship with attitudinal outcomes than subjective fit, and that subjective fit would have a stronger relationship with job performance than perceived fit.

A sample of 188 entry-level managerial employees, working in a national transportation organization, was used to examine the relationship between P-O fit and job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors and turnover intentions) and supervisor rated job performance. The results of this dissertation suggest that perceived fit is related to positive attitudes and better job performance. Furthermore, perceived organizational support partially mediates the relationship between perceived fit and the attitudinal outcomes studied, lending partial support for hypotheses. Role ambiguity was also examined as a potential mediator between fit and job performance, however, although perceived fit was significantly related to role ambiguity, the results did not support the relationship between role ambiguity and job performance. Tests of the specific hypotheses for subjective fit were not supported. Instead, the results indicated that organizational values, rather than fit between person and organizational values, were a strong predictor of attitudinal outcomes.

This study examined the relationship between employees’ Organizational Commitment and the perception of the management of deviant behavior and examined if Organizational Culture moderated the strength of the relationship between Organizational Commitment and the perception of the management of deviant behavior. Three assessments were administered either electronically or in hardcopy form and were completed by 114 participants who were employed adults ages 18 and above, managed by someone else, in the southeastern U.S. The Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI) developed by Cooke and Lafferty (2013) measured overall Organizational Culture of employees at an individual level of assessment. The instrument used to measure employee Organizational Commitment was the TCM Employee Commitment Survey (Wellspring Worldwide, LLC, 2010). The instrument used to measure the perception of the management of deviant behavior was derived from a non-self-report measure created by Stewart, Bing, Davidson, Woehr, and McIntyre (2009). A moderated multiple regression analysis determined that the relationship between the perception of the management of deviant behavior and organizational commitment was not predicted by a constructive, aggressive/defensive, or passive/defensive culture style. The study found that the perception of the management of deviant behavior did not have a statistically significant predictive relationship with regards to organizational commitment, nor did workplace culture moderate the perceptions or attitudes of employees. The empirical evidence provided in this study enhanced the body of knowledge related to workplace culture. Specifically, the results of the study provided quantitative information, which provided a valuable understanding that a macro-variable such as workplace culture does not necessarily attenuate the relationship between perception of management and organizational commitment within certain diverse workplaces.

This transcendental phenomenological study sought to understand how the followers of authentic leaders in a multi-national healthcare organization experienced well-being. Twenty followers of 5 authentic leaders participated in the research and shared their lived experiences. Followers reported they experienced workplace well-being by maintaining work-life balance, feeling fulfilled/doing meaningful work, and feeling appreciated/recognized for their contributions. Workplace well-being was experienced as a result of their perceptions of feeling trusted and cared about as a whole being and not just an employee by their leaders. Followers also reported that the organizational culture provided support for leaders to demonstrate behaviors of authentic leadership, caring, trust, appreciation, respect, valuing others, openness, honesty, and transparency, which led them to feel an attachment to their leaders and organizations. Followers were motivated to exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors by providing extra or discretionary effort beyond their expected role requirements. These findings indicate that authentic leaders can provide value by cultivating well-being in the workplace. Findings also suggest recommendations for establishing organizational best practices.

There is not a common, agreed upon definition of authentic leadership. There are varying opinions as to whether authenticity is a trait or a style; however, most scholars believe authenticity is a purpose and value based characteristic (Gardner, Cogliser, Davis, & Dickens, 2011) that is developed over time (George, 2003). Transparency is a core concept of authentic leadership, and situational awareness is a critical skill for leaders to determine the degree of transparency that they should demonstrate. There is limited theoretical and empirical research on how transparency and self-monitoring can be used in conjunction with situational leadership and situational awareness theory. This study measures the impact of a leader’s expression of transparency on follower’s confidence in his or her ability with consideration of a number of covariates. The findings of this study are intended to help advance authentic leadership theory with specific focus on situational awareness and transparency as core concepts of authenticity. Implications are discussed on the advancement of leadership theory, authentic leadership, and transparency as a core concept of authenticity.

Data collection used Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and yielded 1,006 global participants who met the inclusion criteria. In general, higher degrees of leadership transparency yield higher levels of follower confidence. Situation can impact how expressions of transparency impact follower confidence. Thus, situational awareness and situational leadership are critical competencies for leaders to use transparency effectively. Leader-Member Exchange does not, generally, moderate the relationship between a leader’s transparency and his or her follower’s confidence. There was statistical significance in the difference in responses between geographies, but there were not statistically significant differences in the results when considering gender, years of work experience, education, age, and race in the US.

Leaders are frequently called to apologize on behalf of their organizations, in some cases skillfully resolving episodes of failure while meeting the unique, competing needs of diverse stakeholders. However, too often leaders handle apology poorly, exacerbating tense situations and alienating key constituents. This study is an examination of the practice of apology as a leadership behavior in an organizational context. To answer the question, How might the existing literatures on apology be examined, integrated and refocused to apply specifically to leaders operating within an organizational context ? the study provides a meta-analysis of the diverse literatures that address the practice of apology. Examining literature from theology and philosophy, the social sciences, law, public relations and organizational management, the study builds a framework to understand and evaluate apology and its appropriate application to episodes of organizational failure. The literature integration and analysis demonstrates a diversity of perspectives on the definition of apology, its purpose and goals, the modes through which apology is delivered, the process or steps involved in apology, and the alternatives to apology. Using the adaptive leadership framework and a stakeholder management perspective on organization, the research is organized around the unique and distinct needs of organizational leaders. The Organizational Apology Model, offered in Chapter 5, provides a robust set of tools and examples designed to support organizational leaders considering the practice of apology.

Managing the behavioral needs of individuals with developmental disabilities has been a long-standing concern for group home managers and direct care staff. Consultee-centered consultation has a history of documented benefits for children in schools and was theorized to be beneficial to adults with developmental disabilities residing in group homes. Adults with disabilities continue to experience behavioral difficulties while staff lack the training to maintain quality support services. Caplan’s consultee-centered consultation (1993) bridges the gap between client centered behavioral consultation and consultee effectiveness in addressing client behavioral concerns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consultee-centered consultation on client behavior and the group home environment. Three community-based group homes were chosen to participate in this study using matched assignment. Participants included ten clients with challenging behaviors, two consultees (managers of group-homes), three data collectors and direct-care staff working with clients. This study showed encouraging support of a decrease in the frequency of challenging behaviors exhibited by clients residing in two group homes that received consultee-centered consultation for twelve and six weeks. The level of job satisfaction for employees participating in this study did not demonstrate change over the course of the 15-week study. Despite a lack of support for a change in employee satisfaction, both consultees receiving consultee-centered consultation reported that consultation helped them to address staff concerns and improvements in their level of confidence and skills.

In recent decades, the study of leadership has focused on the qualities of leaders rather than on those of followers. However, it has been argued that there can be no meaningful construct of leadership without a coherent understanding of followership and group behavior. While the body of literature is replete with information on the study of groupthink and conformity as it relates to followership, the neurobiological drivers of such behavior remain under-investigated. The purpose of this work was to investigate the neurobiological basis of groupthink (conformity of thought) as a component of followership. Specifically, this work seeks to investigate six research questions: How does cognitive rigidity and ideological commitment interact to influence groupthink, does the presence or absence of decision-making protocol affect groupthink outcomes, to what extent does the presence or absence of a leader, as well as leader bias drive groupthink, and how does the brain respond in each of these conditions with regard to groupthink and conformity. Two separate experiments were used. The first experiment served as a pilot condition to test the efficacy of a hypothetical vignette. However, an opportunity was seen to test an interactional matrix of cognitive rigidity and ideological commitment (the first research question). In the second experiment, the research questions were tested in a similar mock decision-making group using the same vignette. However, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) baseline pretest data and posttest data were taken and compared to assess for changes in the brain related to groupthink. Both studies utilized confederates to form the groups to which the researcher measured conformity. While no statistically significant relationships were found directly for any of the research questions, the research did show some interesting patterns. The use of decision-making protocol did seem to slow down conformity when taken into account with other variables, such as leader style. Additionally, consistent with the pre-existing literature, patterns were seen in study two with regard to changes in the frontal cortex, including the medial frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate. Implications for organizations and churches as well as suggestions for future studies are presented in the final chapter.

The literature supports that as leaders pursue personal and professional growth, they achieve a sense of well-being, become healthier, more engaged, and more productive. This study explores how Christian leaders who have a strong core spiritual identity experience growth toward their best-self. According to the literature, the best-self is a positive psychology approach to personal growth that utilizes a person’s natural strengths and skills to describe one’s personal best. Adult identity development is multifaceted and influenced by numerous factors. A spiritual identity built upon strong beliefs results in a salient identity that influences every part of one’s life. Utilizing a generic qualitative methodology and a snowball sampling strategy, eight participants were interviewed. Multiple consistent themes were identified in the data: (a) an integration of spiritual identity (b) enhanced self-awareness (c) saliency of spiritual identity, (c) roles and motivations defined by faith, (d) altruism, (e) role identity as a calling, (f) faith-based decision-making, (g) intrapersonal and interpersonal prayer, a personal relationship with God, (h) the need to be supported by like-minded individuals, (i) the alignment of organizational values and personal values, and (j) personal growth defined by God. One unexpected finding was the way the participants defined best-self. Based on their narratives, the participants viewed their best-self, including their talents and abilities, as being defined by God, stating that to become the person that God designed them to be would be achieving best-self. The significance of spirituality in the workplace was discovered through the participants’ experiences. This was also supported in the literature. These themes are presented and explored along with recommendations for future research.

This study addressed the problem of conflict in the workplace as experienced by leader-member exchanges (LMXs). The background and significance of this study concerned the research problem and questions asking about systems conflict in the workplace according to LMXs. The study used a generic qualitative research design; participants were obtained online via purposive and snowball sampling. Participants who were Facebook users were asked to describe their conflict experiences in the workplace that were then thematically analyzed. Results showed that either systems conflict in LMXs described leadership and followership; or that types of members in such exchanges described conflict systems. Addressing the problem by answering the research question fills a knowledge gap that the scientific community and organizational leaders might use to address systems conflict in the workplace.

Keywords: generic, qualitative, systems, conflict, leader-member exchanges.

The textbook discusses the processes of managing the labor behavior of personnel in a modern organization. Special attention is paid to the qualities and competencies of the Manager, organizational and administrative and socio-psychological methods of management, relationships with subordinates and managers, delegation of authority, conflict management, formation of the Manager's team, leadership, change management and reputation of the organization. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the areas of training "personnel Management", "Economics", "Management".

The textbook presents the main classifications of people's behavior in the workplace and consistently examines groups of factors that affect labor behavior in the organization. These factors are grouped into individual-personal, organizational-managerial and institutional-cultural. Particular attention is paid to the contradictions between the economic and social efficiency of organizations. The results of modern research devoted to the search for a balance between the economic efficiency of management activities and the social well-being of employees are presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to students studying in the direction of "Management", as well as to students of sociology to study the courses "Sociology of Labor" and "Sociology of Management". It may also be of interest to a wide range of readers whose professional activity involves working with people.

‘Organizational culture’ refers to characteristics shared by people who work within the same organization. These characteristics may include beliefs, values, norms of behaviour, routines, and traditions. The management of organizational culture is viewed increasingly as a necessary part of health system reform. It is therefore important for policymakers to be aware how strategies to improve organizational culture affect healthcare performance.

External inspection systems are used in healthcare to improve adherence to quality standards. They are intended to promote changes in organizational structures or processes, in healthcare provider behavior and consequently in patient outcomes.

Base de datos para en formato SPSS para el artículo de la revista científica Plos One titulado: The impact of emotional intelligence on operational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership

This paper analyzes the reaction of teachers' and doctors' unions to a series of social sector reforms in the region, including administrative decentralization, provider payment mechanisms, and the introduction of performance evaluation and private provision. It combines the literature of economics and political science to understand the conditions that shape different patterns of union behavior and their effect on policy implementation. The paper suggests that the main conditions influencing union behavior in the health sector are related to the structure of the market (size and level of competition) due to the predominance of the private-public mix in its employment. In education, where the public sector is the main employer, political alignments and the organizational features of teachers' associations also play an important role in explaining the behavior of providers' organizations. Considering the exogenous character of most of these variables, the paper concludes by making some policy suggestions to align the objectives of unions and policymakers through regulatory reforms.

At the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL), our research suggests that leadership is a social process. That is, leadership is neither a matter of one’s inherent traits nor something that’s bestowed based on one’s job title. With leadership as a social process, one way to support leadership development is through conversational analysis, which captures the dialogue that unfolds among individuals as they strive towards shared outcomes. We developed a wearable technology system (i.e., HiFi, which is short for high-fidelity) and are pilot testing this system within one of CCL’s flagship programs – Leading for Organizational Impact (LOI). In the LOI program for executives and senior leaders, HiFi plays a significant role in helping leaders work more effectively across boundaries, increase their self-awareness, and understand how measured behaviors impact their perceived influence and effectiveness. Leaders want concrete actions they can take to improve their leadership skills. Using this innovative technology and evidence-based metrics, CCL provides behavioral insight into how leader conversations directly result in specific outcomes. For example, we can quantify how much a leader’s boundary spanning conversations contribute to the amount of influence they are afforded by their colleagues. Such insight can be a provocative tool that leaders use to enact behavioral change upon returning to their own organizations. In service of better leadership, conversations are a key lever for leader development.

Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries，（eg： appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.